en,mi
"It wasn't long before the Māori learned about the plants and animals brought by the Europeans to New Zealand, and as a result, they benefited from agricultural trade.","Kāore noa iho i roa te wā, ka ako te Māori mō ngā tipu me ngā kararehe nā te Pākehā i mau ki Aotearoa, ko te otinga, ka whai hua i ngā tauhokohoko ahuwhenua."
"However, some new laws took away the rights of the iwi to their lands and gave them to individuals.","Heoi, nā ētahi ture hou i unu te mana o ngā iwi ki ō rātou whenua, ka whakawhiwhi kē ki tēnā tangata takitahi, ki tēnā tangata takitahi."
This is why tribal farming programs are difficult.,Nō konei ka uaua ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua a ngā iwi.
Āpirana Ngata encouraged the iwi to form guardian groups and corporations to manage the farms.,"I whakatenatena a Āpirana Ngata i ngā iwi kia whakatū rōpū kaitiaki, kaporeihana hoki hei whakahaere i ngā pāmu."
"Although many people do not live on their land, they still want to participate in the kaupapa and management of the land.","Ahakoa tini ngā tāngata kīhai i te noho i runga ō rātou whenua papatipu, ka hiahia tonu rātou kia whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa me ngā whakahaere o te whenua."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Ancient gardens,Ngā māra onamata
"In the centuries after their arrival in New Zealand, the Māori divided, cultivated and planted their food gardens.","Hei ngā rau tau whai muri i tō rātou taenga ki Aotearoa, ka tiria, ka ngakia, ka whakatakotoria ai e te Māori ōna māra kai."
"The plants that were planted in these gardens were brought from the Pacific migration: kumara, taro, gourd, yam.","Ko ngā tipu i whakatōkia i ēnei māra i mauria i te heke i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa: te kūmara, te taro, te hue, te uwhi."
European plants and animals,Ngā tipu me ngā kararehe a te Pākehā
"Explorers and missionaries also brought plants and animals to New Zealand, and the first plough arrived in 1820.","Nā ngā kaihōpara Pākehā me ngā mihinare i mau he tipu, he kararehe ki Aotearoa, ā, i tae te parau tuatahi rawa i te tau 1820."
Māori quickly adopted European agriculture and began to run a thriving trade with settlers.,"Kāore i ārikarika te kuhu a te Māori ki ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua a te Pākehā, ā, taihoa, ka tīmata te hokohoko huawhenua ki ngā tāngata whai."
Soon they were exporting crops such as potatoes and wheat.,"Kīhai i roa, kua tae ngā huawhenua a te Māori pērā i te rīwai me te witi ki ngā mākete ki tāwāhi."
Land ownership,Mana whenua
"In the Māori world, ownership of land belongs to the whānau, hapū, iwi, not individuals.","I te ao Māori, kei te whānau, te hapū, te iwi te mana whenua, kaua i te tangata takitahi."
A fire indicates the permanent presence of a group of people in an area.,Ko te ahi kā ka tohu ki te noho tūturu a tētahi tōpūtanga tāngata ki tētahi takiwā.
"In 1862, the government passed a law to remove the group's control over Māori land, so that individuals could have an interest in each block of land.","I te tau 1862, ka puta te ture a te kāwanatanga hei unu i te mana o te rōpū ki ngā whenua Māori, kia whiwhi pānga kē ko te tangata takitahi ki tēnā poraka whenua, ki tēnā poraka whenua."
"Also, as time goes by, more and more people will have title to the land.","Waihoki, ka haere te wā, ka rahi atu te hunga ka whai taitara ki te whenua."
"After all, when people's interests are scattered, their lands must be difficult to manage.","Me te aha, ka noho marara ngā pānga o te tangata, me uaua ka tareka ōna whenua te ahu."
"However, due to the gloom and weight of this situation, a lot of land was sold.","Heoi, nā te pōuri me te taumaha o tēnei āhuatanga he nui te whenua i hokona."
Apple Snail,Āpirana Ngata
"Āpirana Ngata played an incredibly important role in Māori agriculture in the 19th century, even for its own people, Ngāti Porou.","He wāhi nui whakaharahara rawa atu tō Āpirana Ngata i te ahuwhenua Māori i te rau tau atu i 1900, tae rawa atu ki tōna ake iwi o Ngāti Porou."
He encouraged the establishment of guardian groups and corporations to manage the farms.,Nāna i whakatenatena te whakatūnga o ngā rōpū kaitiaki me ngā kaporeihana hei whakahaere i ngā pāmu.
These groups can apply for financial assistance to rehabilitate the land.,Ka āhei ēnei rōpū te tono pūtea āwhina hei whakatikatika i te whenua.
"Sheep and dairy farms became denser in the East Coast - by 1927, there were about 500,000 sheep in the area.","Ka mātotoru ngā pāmu hipi me ngā pāmu miraka kau ki Te Tai Rāwhiti – tatū ki te tau 1927, āwhiwhi 500,000 ngā hipi i te rohe."
Association of Agricultural Trustees,Rōpū Kaitiaki Ahuwhenua
"There are more than 5,000 farmer groups.","Kō atu i te e 5,000 ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua."
"Best of all, the title of the land is retained by the stakeholders.","Ko te mea pai o ēnei, ka puritia te taitara o te whenua e te hunga whai pānga."
Land masses are very important to Māori; his foot position.,He mea nui rawa atu ki te Māori ōna whenua papatipu; ko tōna tūrangawaewae.
"Except when a person has his land interests elsewhere, he says, the land is me, and I am the land.","Hāunga te mea kei wāhi kē te tangata i ōna pānga whenua, ko te kōrero ia, ko te whenua ko au, ko au ko te whenua."
About half of Māori land is under the management of these guardian groups.,Tata ki te haurua o ngā whenua Māori kei raro i ngā whakahaere o ēnei rōpū kaitiaki.
Corporations,Ngā Kaporeihana
"Generally in land management corporations, stakeholders become shareholders and receive interests - 13.7% of Māori land is under corporate management.","Ko te tikanga i ngā kaporeihana whakahaere whenua, ka noho te hunga whai pānga he kaipupuri hea, ka whakawhiwhia ki ngā pānga – e 13.7% o ngā whenua Māori kei raro i ngā whakahaere kaporeihana."
"Some of these corporations are large: Parininihi in Waitōtara in Taranaki, whose dairy operations are worth $50 million.","He nui ētahi o ngā kaporeihana nei: tērā a Parininihi ki Waitōtara kei Taranaki, e $50 miriona te uara o ngā mahi miraka kau."
20% of Māori lands are not managed by trust groups or corporations; some of these lands are leased.,"E 20% o ngā whenua Māori kāore i raro i ngā whakahaere rōpū kaitiaki, kaporeihana rānei; he mea rīhi atu ētahi o ēnei whenua."
Participation in the economic world,Te whai wāhi ki te ao ōhanga
"A total of 720,000 hectares of Māori land is being cleared.","Hui katoa ngā whenua Māori kei te pāmutia, e 720,000 heketea."
More than 15% of sheep and beef production is exported and comes from Māori farms.,"Neke atu i te e 15% o ngā hua i te ahuwhenua hipi me te ahuwhenua mīti kau ka hokona ki tāwāhi, ka ahu mai i ngā pāmu Māori."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Māori agriculture changed,Ka panoni te ahuwhenua Māori
Ancient food,Ngā kai onamata
"Before the arrival of Europeans in New Zealand, the food of the Māori, birds (sea and land), ferns and plants were brought from the Pacific , that is, kumara, taro, gourd, yam.","I mua i te taenga o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa, ko te kai a te Māori, ko te manu (ki-tai, ki-uta hoki), te aruhe, tae atu ki ngā tipu i mauria mai i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, arā, te kūmara, te taro, te hue, te uwhi."
"Because New Zealand is colder than the Pacific islands, Māori learned how to grow and preserve these foods.","Nāwai, nā te mea he makariri ake a Aotearoa tērā ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ka ako te Māori me pēhea te whakatipu me te tiaki i ēnei tūmomo kai."
"Because of this knowledge, the Māori were able to carry out commercial farming in their time.","Nā ēnei mōhiotanga, ka taea noatia ai e te Māori ngā ahuwhenua arumoni i tōna wā."
"Potatoes, pork and peas","Te rīwai, te poaka me te pī"
"In the late 1700s and early 1800s, animals, plants and iron tools arrived in New Zealand.","Nō te tōmuritanga o te rau tau atu i 1700 tae atu ki te tōmuatanga o te rau tau atu i 1800, ka taetae ngā kararehe, ngā tipu me ngā taputapu rino ki Aotearoa."
"The Māori did not catch on to these new things, and soon there was more agriculture and animal husbandry.","Kīhai i ārikarika te hopu a te Māori ki ēnei mea hou, ā, taro ake ka nui atu ngā ahuwhenua me te pāmu kararehe."
"When Captain Cook arrived in New Zealand in 1769, he gave (or bought) cabbage, kotami and potatoes to Ngāti Porou in Ūawa.","I te taenga o Kāpene Kuki ki Aotearoa i te tau 1769, ka hoatu (hoko rānei) e ia he kāpeti, he kotami, he rīwai ki a Ngāti Porou ki Ūawa."
"In the same year, Jean Francis Marie de Surville brought wheat, rice, and beans to Taipa in the North.","I taua tau anō ka whakataka e Jean Francis Marie de Surville he witi, he raihi, he pī ki Taipā i Te Tai Tokerau."
"In 1773, Captain Cook returned to New Zealand and landed at Ūawa, where he brought pork and potatoes.","Nō te tau 1773 ka hoki anō a Kāpene Kuki ki Aotearoa, ka tau ki Ūawa, ka whakataka he poaka, he rīwai."
"From 1803, Māori began trading in potatoes, pork, corn and other foods.","Mai i te tau 1803 ka tīmata ngā tauhokohoko a te Māori i te rīwai, te poaka, te kānga me ētahi atu kai."
The word and the Christian faith,Te parau me te whakapono Karaitiana
Sugarcane and timo are the tools used to dig the soil for planting food.,Ko te kō me te timo ngā taputapu kerikeri i te oneone mō te whakatō kai.
"Although these tools are good for small growing areas, they are not necessary for large gardens.","Hāunga te pai o ēnei taputapu ki ngā wāhi tipu ririki, kāore he take ki ngā māra nui."
"In 1814, Te Mātenga owned the first horses and cattle in New Zealand.","Nō te tau 1814, nā Te Mātenga ngā hōiho me ngā kau tuatahi ki Aotearoa."
"In 1820, missionary John Butler made the first visit to New Zealand.","Nō te tau 1820, nā te mihinare rā a John Butler te parau tuatahi ki Aotearoa."
These animals and these new tools made it easier to clear the land to grow food.,"Nā ēnei kararehe, nā ēnei taputapu hou ka māmā atu te whakataka i te whenua hei whakatipu kai."
"When Māori migrated abroad, new farming techniques were learned.","Nō te whakawhitinga o te tangata Māori ki tāwāhi, ka akona ngā tikanga ahuwhenua hou."
"When Ruatara returned to New Zealand, he ordered his Ngāpuhi people to learn European farming methods.","Nō te hokinga o Ruatara ki Aotearoa, ka whakahau ia i tōna iwi o Ngāpuhi kia ako i ngā tikanga ahuwhenua a te Pākehā."
Growing and transporting grain,Te whakatipu me te kawe witi
The rise of Māori agriculture was rapid between 1830 and the 1850s.,Tino kaha te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua Māori i ngā tau 1830 ki te tekau tau atu i 1850.
"Most of the coastal shipping in the North Island was under Māori ownership, and a large proportion of the food sold locally and exported to Australia was grown by Māori.","Nō te Māori te nuinga o ngā kaipuke i Te Ika-a-Māui, me te aha, ko te rahi o ngā kai i hokona ki Aotearoa tae rawa atu ki Ahitereiria nā te Māori i whakatipu."
By the 1850s wheat growing had become widespread throughout the North Island and Māori were building dam- or water-operated flour mills throughout the country.,"Kia tae ki te tekau tau atu i 1850, kua hōrapa te whakatipu witi, kua tūtū ngā mira pana wai puta noa i Aotearoa."
"Between 1846 and 1860, 37 flour mills were built for Māori owners in Auckland province alone.",Kei waenganui i ngā tau 1846 me 1860 e 37 ngā mira puehu parāoa nō te Māori ki te porowini o Ākarana.
Trust in Maori,Te whirinakitanga ki te Maori
"Māori agriculture flourished in the mid-1800s, helping to establish New Zealand as an agricultural country.","Ka tipu te ahuwhenua Māori i ngā tau pokapū o te rau tau atu i 1800, he āwhina ki te māeatanga o Aotearoa hei whenua ahuwhenua."
During this time the European population grew and grew.,"I tēnei wā ka nui haere, ka nui haere te taupori Pākehā."
"In the beginning, due to ignorance of the soil and climate, the followers trusted the Māori and its food.","I te tīmatanga, nā te kūare ki ngā oneone me te āhuarangi, ka whirinaki ngā tāngata whai ki te Māori me āna kai."
"In 1842, Bishop Herwini spoke about the followers of Whakatū who trusted the people there and their food.","I te tau 1842, ka kōrero a Pīhopa Herewini mō ngā tāngata whai o Whakatū i whakawhirinaki ki te iwi o reira me āna kai."
There were stories of the time about the success of Māori farming.,I puta ngā kōrero o te wā mō te pai o ngā mahi ahuwhenua a te Māori.
Māori agriculture rises and falls,"Ka piki, ka heke te ahuwhenua Māori"
"30 years after the arrival of the plow in New Zealand, the Māori changed from traditional agriculture to commercial agriculture, and the work was profitable.","E 30 tau whai muri i te taenga o te parau ki Aotearoa, ka huri te Māori mai i ngā ahuwhenua tūturu ki te ahuwhenua arumoni, me te whai hua o ngā mahi."
"In 1865, the New Zealander wrote about the role of the Māori 'as leaders, farmers, livestock keepers, sailors, ship managers, land surveyors and traditional workers'.","Nō te tau 1865 ka puta he kōrero i te New Zealander mō te tūranga o te Māori ‘hei rangatira, kaipāmu, kaitiaki kararehe, kaumoana, kaiwhakahaere kaipuke, ihu oneone, kaimahi taunga hoki’."
"By the end of the 1850s, most of the North Island was still in Māori hands.","Kia tae ki te paunga o te tekau tau atu i 1850, kei roto tonu i ngā ringaringa o te Māori te nuinga o Te Ika-a-Māui."
"However, due to the decision of the governor of the followers to unify the land titles, in addition to the land confiscations of the 1860s, this soon changed.","Heoi, nā te whakatau a te kāwana o ngā tāngata whai kia whakatakitahi i ngā taitara whenua, tāpiri atu ki ngā raupatu whenua o te tekau tau atu i 1860, ka huri wawe tēnei."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Māori land tenure and agriculture,Te mana whenua me te ahuwhenua Māori
Conquest of land,Te raupatu whenua
"After conflicts between some tribes and the government, fertile land was seized in Taranaki, Waikato and Te Moana-a-Toi.","Whai muri i ngā riri i waenganui i ētahi iwi me te kāwanatanga, ka raupatungia ngā whenua mōmona ki Taranaki, Waikato me Te Moana-a-Toi."
Synchronization,Te whakatakitahi
"Due to 19th and 20th century changes in land ownership, Māori agriculture declined.","Nā ngā whakarerekētanga o te rau tau 1800 me te rau tau 1900 ki te mana whenua, ka paheke te ahuwhenua Māori."
"Due to the Māori Land Act of 1862, Māori land was individualized and registered in order to be regulated under English law so that it could be easily sold.","Nā te Ture Whenua Māori o te tau 1862, ka takitahitia, ka rēhitatia te whenua Māori kia arongia ai i raro i te ture nō Ingarihi kia aha ai, kia ngāwari ai te hoko atu."
"Under Māori culture, the owners of the land are the whānau, hapū or iwi, rather than a single person.","I raro i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka noho ko te whānau, hapū, iwi ngā rangatira o te whenua, kāpā ko te tangata kotahi."
"Because of the law, everything will be different, and the responsibilities to the people will be lost.","Nā te ture ka rerekē katoa, ka ngaro ngā kawenga ki te iwi."
"With the establishment of the Māori Land Court in 1865, in addition to many other legislative changes over the next 50 years, much Māori land was lost.","Nō te whakatūnga o te Kōti Whenua Māori i te tau 1865, tāpiri atu ki te maha noa atu o ngā hanganga ture i ngā e 50 tau ka whai, ka ngaro te nui whenua Māori."
Location in the country,Te wāwāhi i te whenua
"The Māori's tribal and aristocracy claims to the land will be abolished, so that a single person or whānau can be the owners of the land title.","Ka whakakorengia ngā kerēme tōpū me te take ahi kā a te Māori ki te whenua, kia noho mai ko te tangata kotahi, ko te whānau rānei ngā rangatira i runga i te taitara whenua."
"Generation after generation will rise (except if the land is occupied or not), there will be more people who have rights in each land, and the end result will be the land titles.","Ka maranga mai tēnā whakatipuranga, tēnā whakatipuranga (hāunga te mea kei te nōhia te whenua kāore rānei), ka tokomaha atu te hunga whai mana ki tēnā whenua, ki tēnā whenua, ko te mutunga ka maramara ngā taitara whenua."
There is no change to improve the country.,Kāore he huringa ki te whakapai i te whenua.
"When land was lost, Māori looked for ways to preserve what was left and build structures to better protect the land.","I te ngaronga o ngā whenua, ka rapu huarahi te Māori ki te pupuri i ngā toenga me te whakatū hanganga kia pai ake te tiaki whenua."
These types of structures must be built to protect people's land interests in each block of land.,"Me tū ēnei momo hanganga ka tika hei aha, hei tiaki i ngā pānga whenua o te tangata ki tēnā poraka whenua, ki tēnā poraka whenua."
An exit from the property,He putanga i te wāwāhi mana whenua
Consolidating land interests under a single entity is an issue in the area of ​​title.,Ko te whakatōpū i ngā pānga whenua ki raro i te whakahaere kotahi tētahi putanga i te wāwāhi taitara.
"Apart from the fact that this road was opened in 1894, it was not until 1929 that it was supported, when the Māori land development program was launched by Tā Āpirana Ngata of Ngāti Porou.","Hāunga te mea i tuwhera tēnei huarahi i te tau 1894, nō te tau 1929 rā anō ka hāpaitia, i te whakaterenga o te kaupapa whanake whenua Māori e Tā Āpirana Ngata o Ngāti Porou."
Through this program Māori are eligible for government grants to improve their farms.,Nā tēnei kaupapa ka āhei ngā Māori ki ngā pūtea āwhina a te kāwanatanga hei whakapai i ō rātou pāmu.
These grants also encouraged the consolidation of many land titles under one administration.,Nā ēnei āwhina hoki i whakatenatena te whakatōpūtanga o ngā taitara whenua maha ki raro i te whakahaere kotahi.
"The Māori Land Act of 1953 established land management structures, ie section 438 trustees and Māori land corporations.","Nā te Ture Whenua Māori i te tau 1953, ka whakatūria ngā hanganga whakahaere whenua, arā, ngā kaitiaki tekiona 438 me ngā kaporeihana whenua Māori."
"Also, with the Māori Land Act in 1993, section 438 guardians became agricultural guardians; Māori corporations were not manipulated.","Waihoki, nā te Ture Whenua Māori i te tau 1993, ka huri ngā kaitiaki tekiona 438 hei kaitiaki ahuwhenua; kāore i raweketia ngā kaporeihana Māori."
Māori land custodians and corporations,Ngā kaitiaki whenua Māori me ngā kaporeihana
About 1.5 million hectares of land are in Māori hands (about 5% of all land in New Zealand).,Āwhiwhi e 1.5 miriona heketea te whenua kei roto i ngā ringaringa o te Māori (āwhiwhi e 5% o ngā whenua katoa o Aotearoa).
"Of this amount, 750,187 hectares (or 49% of Māori land) are under the management of Māori corporations.","O tēnei rahinga, e 750,187 heketea (e 49% rānei o ngā whenua Māori) kei raro i ngā whakahaere o ngā kaporeihana Māori."
Almost all corporations and a large number of agricultural conservation groups are involved in agricultural projects.,Tata ki te katoa o ngā kaporeihana me te rahinga o ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua kei roto i ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua.
Individual farmers,Ngā kaipāmu takitahi
"About 300,000 hectares (20% of Māori land) are not under the management of conservation groups or corporations.","Tata ki te e 300,000 heketea (e 20% o ngā whenua Māori) kīhai i raro i ngā whakahaere o ngā rōpū kaitiaki, o ngā kaporeihana rānei."
"If one of the stakeholders wants to live and work on the land, according to the law, the majority of the stakeholders, that is, those who own the land, must agree.","Ki te hiahia tētahi o te hunga whai pānga ki te noho me te mahi i runga i ngā whenua, e ai ki te ture, me whakaae te nuinga o te hunga whai pānga, arā, te hunga nō rātou te whenua."
It is formally submitted through the Māori Land Court to issue a lease.,Ka tukuna ōkawatia mā roto i te Kōti Whenua Māori kia puta he rīhi.
"For countries with few stakeholders, it is easy to get their consent.","Mō ngā whenua he tokoiti te hunga whai pānga, he māmā noa te whai whakaaetanga i a rātou."
"However, for countries where there are hundreds or thousands of stakeholders, it is very difficult, and the establishment of guardian groups and corporations.","Heoi, mō ngā whenua ka hia rau, ka hia mano rānei te nui o te hunga whai pānga, he uaua rawa atu, whai anō te whakatūnga o ngā rōpū kaitiaki me ngā kaporeihana."
Land use,Te whakamahi i te whenua
"In 1997 a survey was conducted of 633 Māori corporations and groups; 1.21 million hectares of Māori land are in agricultural purposes (80% of Māori land), 0.267 million hectares are planted with pine (18%), and the rest (28,000 hectares) are under investment projects in the cities.","Nō te tau 1997 whakahaerengia ai he rangahau o ngā kaporeihana me ngā rōpū kaitiaki Māori e 633; e 1.21 miriona heketea o ngā whenua Māori kei ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua (e 80% o ngā whenua Māori), 0.267 miriona heketea kua tipuria ki te paina (e 18%), ko te toenga (e 28,000 heketea) kei raro i ngā kaupapa haumi kei ngā tāone."
The economic world,Te ao ōhanga
Māori play an important role in New Zealand's agricultural economy.,He wāhi nui tō te Māori ki te ōhanga ahuwhenua o Aotearoa.
"In 2003, $750 million (5% of New Zealand's total) was worth $750 million (5% of New Zealand's total) from agricultural and tree-growing projects on Māori lands.","I te tau 2003, e $750 miriona (e 5% o te katoa o Aotearoa) te uara o ngā hua ka puta i ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua, whakatipu rākau kei ngā whenua tōpū Māori."
"In the early 2000s, 15% of sheep and beef exports came from Māori farms, and Māori owned $100 million in shares in the giant Fonterra.","I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, e 15% o ngā hoko hipi, kiko kau ki tāwāhi i ahu mai i ngā pāmu Māori, ā, e $100 miriona te nui o ngā hea a te Māori i te kamupene nui whakaharahara a Fonterra."
"In the same year, 720,000 hectares of Māori land were farmed with sheep and cattle.","I taua tau anō, e 720,000 heketea ngā whenua Māori i te pāmu i te hipi me te kau."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Trustees and corporations,Ngā rōpū kaitiaki me ngā kaporeihana
Agricultural guardians and Māori corporations,Ngā kaitiaki ahuwhenua me ngā kaporeihana Māori
Kaitiaki whenua and Māori corporations are the structures that manage Māori land interests.,Ko ngā kaitiaki whenua me ngā kaporeihana Māori ngā hanganga whakahaere i ngā pānga whenua o te Māori.
"In 2008, 129 Māori corporations and 5,201 agricultural conservation groups managed 66% of Māori land.","I te tau 2008, e 129 ngā kaporeihana Māori, e 5,201 ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua, ka whakahaere i te e 66% o ngā whenua Māori."
"Agricultural conservation groups are happy, because stakeholders retain their position as stakeholders.","Rawea ai ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua, nā te mea ka puritia e te hunga whai pānga tō rātou tūranga hei hunga whai pānga."
"In the case of corporations, stakeholders become shareholders and receive interest on their shares.","Mō te taha ki ngā kaporeihana, ka noho te hunga whai pānga hei kaipupuri hea, ka whiwhi pānga i runga i ā rātou hea."
"Due to the creation of laws in recent years, the groups of agricultural guardians are allowed to manage themselves in commercial ways if they want, and the customs of guardianship will also change.","Nō ngā hanganga ture o ngā tau tata nei, whakaaetia ai ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua te whakahaere i a rātou i runga i ngā ara arumoni ki te hiahia rātou, ka panoni hoki ngā ritenga o te kaitiakitanga."
Corporation farmer,Kaipāmu kaporeihana
Most Māori land is managed under a group of trustees or a management committee.,"Ka whakahaerengia ai te nuinga o ngā whenua Māori i raro i tētahi rōpū kaitiaki, tētahi komiti whakahaere rānei."
"This is in contrast to most of the agricultural sector, where a single man and his family own their own farm.","He rerekē tēnei ki te nuinga o te rāngai ahuwhenua, arā, ko te tangata kotahi me tōna whānau i tōna ake pāmu."
"Most Māori farming is under the control of Kaipāmu corporations - the stakeholders are not working on their land, they have already trained workers to do the work.","Ko te nuinga o ngā mahi ahuwhenua Māori kei raro i ngā Kaipāmu kaporeihana – kīhai te hunga whai pānga i te mahi i ō rātou whenua, kua oti kē te whakarite kaimahi ki ngā mahi."
"There are different pressures on Māori agriculture in terms of ownership, management and access to resources.","He rerekē ngā taumahatanga kei ringa i te ahuwhenua Māori e pā ana ki te mana, te whakahaere, te āheinga ki ngā haupū rawa."
Land ownership,Mana whenua
Most of those who have an interest in Māori land do not live on the land.,Ko te nuinga o te hunga whai pānga ki ngā whenua Māori kīhai e noho ana ki te whenua.
Because of this there will be some situations that will affect the administration and power of the lands.,Nā tēnei ka puea ētahi āhuatanga ka pā ki te whakahaere me te mana i ngā whenua.
"Most of those with Māori interests do not live on their native lands, or do not make a living on those lands.","E kore te nuinga o te hunga whai pānga Māori e noho ki runga i ō rātou whenua tōpū, kīhai rānei e whai oranga i aua whenua."
"However, attachment to the land plays an important role in Māori identity.","Heoi, he wāhi nui tō te pānga ki te whenua ki te tuakiri Māori."
The earth is the foothold of man.,Ko te whenua te tūrangawaewae o te tangata.
"Because the land is a commodity, the stakeholders do not want to do anything with the land, lest the land be lost.","Nā te mea he kāmehameha te whenua, kīhai te hunga whai pānga e mahi heahea me te whenua, kei ngaro atu te whenua."
Stakeholders believe that social and cultural goals should be promoted alongside commercial goals.,Whakapono ai te hunga whai pānga me whakatairanga ngā whāinga hapori me ngā whāinga ahurea ki te taha o ngā whāinga arumoni.
Management and decision making,Te whakahaere me te whakatau kaupapa
Most of the people who get on boards and committees come from stakeholders.,Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka eke ki ngā poari me ngā komiti ka ahu mai i te hunga whai pānga.
"Proactive representatives are elected on the basis of a partisan system, and the committee often reflects the interests of each whānau trying to maintain the power of the party.","Ka pōtitia ngā māngai whai mana kōkiri i runga i ngā tikanga manapouri, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakaata te komiti i ngā pānga o tēnā whānau, o tēnā whānau e ngana ana kia pupuri i te mana o te rōpū."
"If the leadership and management do not have the right experience, this will affect the smooth running of the trustees or the corporation.","Ki te kore e whai wheako tika te taha ārahi me te taha whakahaere, ka pā tēnei ki te pai o te haere o te rōpū kaitiaki, te kaporeihana rānei."
Too bad,Haupū rawa
It is difficult for groups to access resources to improve the land.,He uaua ki ngā rōpū te whātoro ki ngā haupū rawa hei whakapai i ngā whenua.
"It should be said that, in most cases, the interest of those concerned is to go slowly and not to take too many debts.","Me kī, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te hiahia o te hunga whai pānga kia āta haere, kia kaua e nui ngā nama."
"Because of the complexity of the people who have an interest in Māori land, banks are reluctant to grant loans with Māori land as collateral.","Nā te whīwhiwhi o ngā tāngata ka whai pānga ki te whenua Māori, kīhai e rata ngā pēke te tuku pūtea taurewa ko te whenua Māori hei tuarā."
"If the manager of a Māori land does not have business management experience, it will be very difficult to find funding to support activities on the land.","Mēnā kīhai te kaiwhakahaere o tētahi whenua Māori e whai wheako whakahaere umanga, ka uaua rawa atu te rapu pūtea āwhina hei hāpai i ngā mahi i runga i te whenua."
Benefits in companies,Ngā painga i ngā kamupene
"In recent years, the Māori Land Court has supported company structures under the Companies Act 1993, to clearly separate land ownership from corporate purposes.","Nō ngā tau tata nei, kua hāpai te Kōti Whenua Māori i ngā hanganga kamupene i raro i te Ture Kamupene 1993, hei āta wehe i te mana whenua mai i ngā kaupapa umanga."
"Under the company structure, it is necessary to carefully separate the commercial goals from the social and cultural goals, and to establish a process of analyzing the efficiency of the activities.","Ka tareka i raro i te hanganga kamupene te āta wehe i ngā whāinga arumoni mai i ngā whāinga hapori me ngā whāinga ahurea, te whakatū hoki i tētahi hātepe tātari i te pai o ngā mahi."
The commercial objectives of the company structure can be clearly defined and reviewed.,"Ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā whāinga arumoni o te hanganga kamupene kia mārama, kia pai ai te arotake."
By electing a board of directors - elected based on their business experience - the responsibilities of each are clear.,"Mā te pōti i tētahi poari whakahaere – ka pōtitia i runga i ō rātou wheako kaipakihi – ka mārama ngā kawenga o tēnā, o tēnā."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Corporations and agricultural groups,Ngā kaporeihana me ngā rōpū ahuwhenua
The place to Apirana Ngata,Te wāhi ki a Āpirana Ngata
Āpirana Ngata played an important role in the establishment of a national program that would consolidate Māori land and free up funds for land use.,"He wāhi nui tō Āpirana Ngata i te whakatūnga o tētahi kaupapa ā-motu ka whakahuihui i ngā whenua Māori, ka whakawātea hoki i ngā pūtea hei whakamahi i te whenua."
"Ngata's plans were successful because his tribe of Ngāti Porou had been farming in the East Coast for a long time, as well as his knowledge of European law.","I angitu ngā kaupapa a Ngata nā te mea kua roa kē tōna iwi o Ngāti Porou e mahi pāmu ana i Te Tai Rāwhiti, tāpae atu ki tōna matatau ki te ture Pākehā."
Ngāti Porou farm sheep,Ka pāmu hipi a Ngāti Porou
"In 1900, Āpirana Ngata worked on a sheep farm in the East Coast, where he was the manager of the Ahikouka station and three other stations.","Atu i tau 1900, ka wānanga a Āpirana Ngata i te pāmu hipi ki Te Tai Rāwhiti, inarā koia te kaiwhakahaere o te teihana o Ahikouka me ngā teihana e toru atu."
"Since the end of the 1800s, the sheep farms of leaders such as Rabata Wahawaha and Mokena Kōhere have been fruitful in the valleys; however, by putting management in place, the sheep farm will be better.","Mai anō i te paunga o te rau tau 1800, ka hua ngā mahi hipi a ngā rangatira pērā i a Rāpata Wahawaha rāua ko Mōkena Kōhere ki ngā raorao; heoi, mā te whakatakoto tikanga whakahaere, ka pai atu ai te pāmu hipi."
At that time the farmers of Ngāti Porou established a Kotahitanga o Kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou.,I taua wā ka whakatūria e ngā kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou tētahi Kotahitanga o ngā Kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou.
"Ngata turned to teaching his people Ngāti Porou new farming techniques, that is, building fences, moving animals, growing plants.","Ka tahuri a Ngata ki te ako i tōna iwi a Ngāti Porou ki ngā tikanga pāmu hou, arā, te whakatū taiepa, te nekeneke i ngā kararehe, te whakatipu otaota."
"Ngata received financial assistance from the farmers of Ngāti Porou, from his friend Samuel Williams, who founded Te Aute College.","Ka whai pūtea āwhina a Ngata mā ngā kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou, i tōna hoa a Samuel Williams, nāna nei te kāreti o Te Aute i whakatū."
"The sheep farm spread to the Waiapu valley, led by Āpirana Ngata.","Ka hōrapa te pāmu hipi ki te riu o Waiapu, ko Āpirana Ngata i te ārahi."
"The number of sheep increased from 52,786 in 1900, to 65,619 in 1905, to 132,356 in 1909.","Ka piki te rahi o te hipi mai i te e 52,786 i te tau 1900, ki te e 65,619 i te tau 1905, ki te e 132,356 i te tau 1909."
"By 1927, Ngāti Porou had 500,000 sheep.","Kia tae ki te tau 1927, e 500,000 ngā hipi a Ngāti Porou."
Ngāti Porou's dairy,Te miraka kau a Ngāti Porou
"In 1923, Ngata searched for good land for dairying.","Nō te tau 1923, ka rapu a Ngata i ngā whenua pai mō te miraka kau."
"It must be difficult for Ngāti Porou farmers to convert from sheep farming to dairy farming, when they have been farming sheep for 30 years.","Me uaua te tahuri i ngā kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou mai i te pāmu hipi ki te miraka kau, inarā kua pau te e 30 tau e pāmu hipi ana rātou."
"Loans from the Māori Trust to set up a milk factory, to buy cows, to make milk shirts, and to launch the Ngāti Porou Cow Milk Company.","Ka pūtea taurewa i te Kaitiaki Māori hei whakatū wheketere miraka, hei hoko kau, hei hanga hēte miraka, hei whakatere hoki i te Kamupene Miraka Kau o Ngāti Porou."
"For the year 1925/26, the factory in Ruatória produced 60 tons of butter.","Mō te tau 1925/26, e 60 tana te nui o te pata i hua i te wheketere i Ruatōria."
In 1931/32 butter reached 460 tons.,I te tau 1931/32 ka eke te pata ki te e 460 tana.
"However, dairy production declined after the second world war; the factory closed in 1954.","Heoi, ka paheke te miraka kau whai muri i te pakanga tuarua o te ao; nō te tau 1954 ka kati te wheketere."
Large corporations,Ngā kaporeihana nui
Some of the big Māori corporations have too much farming.,Ka nui rawa ngā mahi pāmu a ētahi o ngā kaporeihana Māori nui.
The Parininihi Corporation is based in Taranaki and Waitotara.,Kei Taranaki te Kaporeihana o Parininihi ki Waitōtara.
"The corporation has 13 dairy farms and 8,000 cows on 2,500 hectares of fertile land.","13 ngā pāmu miraka, 8,000 ngā kau a te kaporeihana ki runga i te whenua haumako e 2,500 heketea te rahi."
"In 2008, the corporation was valued at $50 million in Taranaki, with over 20,000 hectares still under lease.","I te tau 2008, e $50 miriona te uara o te kaporeihana i roto o Taranaki, neke atu i te 20,000 heketea kei te rīhitia tonutia."
"The Atihau-Whanganui corporation was established in 1970 to manage 40,873 hectares of land.","Nō te tau 1970 whakatūria ai te kaporeihana a Atihau-Whanganui, ki te whakahaere i ngā whenua e 40,873 heketea te nui."
"In the early 2000s, ten stations and one dairy farm were under the management of the corporation for 7,072 stakeholders.","I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, tekau ngā teihana, kotahi te pāmu miraka kau i raro i te whakahaere a te kaporeihana mō te hunga whai pānga e 7,072."
"One of the stations is Pah Hill, which covers 1,900 hectares and has 20,800 sheep and cattle.","Tērā tētahi o ngā teihana ko Pah Hill, e 1,900 heketea te nui, e 20,800 ngā hipi me ngā kau."
"The Wairarapa Moana Corporation, in the early 2000s, had $90 million worth of products, mostly pine trees and agriculture.","Tērā te Kaporeihana o Wairarapa Moana, i ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, e $90 miriona te uara o ngā hua, ko te nuinga i ngā paina rākau me ngā ahuwhenua."
"There are 4,200 hectares of farmland, that is, 12 dairy farms and a sheep and cattle station totaling 1,325 hectares.","E 4,200 heketea i ngā whenua pāmu, arā, e 12 ngā pāmu miraka kau me te teihana hipi, kau e 1,325 heketea te nui."
"The dairy farms milk 7,200 cows and produce 2.3 million cubic meters of milk annually.","Ko ngā hea-miraka ka miraka i ngā kau e 7,200, e 2.3 miriona koma-mano te hua miraka ia tau."
Moerangi station is owned by Puketapu 3A Trust.,Ko Puketapu 3A Trust ngā rangatira o te teihana o Moerangi.
"The total area of ​​the station is 3,877 hectares, of which 2,159 hectares are suitable for agriculture.","E 3,877 heketea te nui o te teihana, e 2,159 heketea ka pai mō te ahuwhenua."
"In 2008, there were 13,200 sheep, 1,200 cattle, about 2,000 deer, and 500 goats.","I te tau 2008, e 13,200 ngā hipi, e 1,200 ngā kau, tata ki te e 2,000 ngā tia, e 500 ngā nanekoti."
Many New Zealanders were born overseas.,He tini ngā tāngata o Aotearoa i whānau ki tāwāhi.
"In the 2000s, New Zealand again became a country of many origins.",Nā whai anō he whenua takenga maha a Aotearoa i tēnei te rau tau 2000.
"Immigrants came from Asia, the Pacific, Europe and, of course, all over the world.","I ahu mai ngā manene i Āhia, Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, Ūropi, me kī, ngā pito katoa o te ao."
This country has changed since the time when the people were only Māori and Pākehā.,Kua rerekē tēnei whenua mai i te wā ko te Māori me te Pākehā anake ngā tāngata.
"However, Māori and European culture still play an important role in New Zealand.","Heoi, he wāhi nui tonu kei ngā tikanga a te Māori me te Pākehā ki Aotearoa."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
The people of New Zealand,Te iwi o Aotearoa
"New Zealand has a population of just over four million people; 75% are European; most of their ancestors came from England, Scotland and Ireland.","Kō atu i te whā miriona tāngata te taupori o Aotearoa; e 75 % he Pākehā; i ahu mai te nuinga o ō rātou tīpuna i Ingarangi, Koterana me Airana."
"Other immigrants who came in the 1800s came from Europe, China, India, and Italy.","Ko ētahi atu manene i haere mai i te rau tau 1800 nō Ūropi, nō Haina, nō Īnia, nō Itari."
"Today, there are many people from the Pacific and Asia.","I ēnei rā, he nui ngā tāngata mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa me Āhia."
"The Māori population is over 500,000.","Neke atu i te e 500,000 te taupori Māori."
They are the natives of these islands.,Ko rātou te tangata whenua o ēnei motu.
Māori came from the Pacific.,I haere mai te Māori i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"Around the turn of the century, 1200 of them arrived here by boat.",Nō te takiwā o te rau tau atu i 1200 rātou tae mai ai ki konei mā runga waka.
Seats,Ngā nohoanga
There are more people (90% Māori) in the North Island than in the Basin.,He rahi ake ngā tāngata (e 90 % o te iwi Māori) ki Te Ika-a-Māui tērā i ngā tāngata ki Te Wai Pounamu.
"Auckland is the largest city and is home to most people from the Pacific, Asia, and even new immigrants to New Zealand.","Ko Tāmaki-makau-rau te tāone nui rawa atu, ā, kei reira te nuinga o ngā tāngata o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, o Āhia, tae rawa ki ngā manene kātahi anō ka tau ki Aotearoa."
"The main cities outside of Auckland are Hamilton, Wellington, Auckland and Edinburgh.","Ko ngā tāone matua i tua atu i Tāmaki ko Kirikiriroa, ko Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ko Ōtautahi, ko Ōtepoti."
Family,Whānau
Marriages are getting smaller and whānau are getting smaller.,"Kei te iti haere ngā mārena, ā, kei te pakupaku haere ngā whānau."
The number of children with only one adult being adopted is increasing.,Kei te piki te rahi o ngā tamariki kotahi anake te pakeke whāngai i a rātou.
"Family is important to the people of New Zealand, and owning a house is also important.","He mea nui te whānau ki ngā iwi o Aotearoa, he mea nui anō hoki te riro whare."
"Health, education, religion","Hauora, mātauranga, whakapono"
"The government will pay for hospitals, schools, and universities, which will improve the lives of the people and give them an education.","Ko te kāwanatanga ka utu mō ngā hōhipera, kura, whare wānanga, e piki ai te ora ki te iwi, e whai mātauranga ai rātou."
"A child must attend school from the age of six to 16; however, most start school at age five.","Me haere te tamaiti ki te kura mai ngā tau e ono ki te 16; heoi, ko te nuinga ka tīmata ki te kura i te rima tau."
Christianity is the main religion.,Ko te hāhi Karaitiana te whakapono nui.
Population today,Te taupori i ēnei rā
"New Zealand is diverse and has many origins, combining Māori and European cultures with those from the Pacific, Asia and elsewhere.","He kanorau, takenga maha a Aotearoa, ka kōmitimiti ngā tikanga a te Māori me te Pākehā ki ērā mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, mai Āhia, mai hea atu."
"Newcomers bring their own food, their own language, their own customs.","Ka mauria mai e ngā tauhōu ā rātou ake kai, ō rātou reo, ā rātou ake tikanga."
To reflect the spread of the American world and the changing world mobile phones and different clothes are seen.,Whakaatatia ai te hōrapa o te ao Amerikena me te ao hurihuri i ngā waea pūkoro me ngā kākahu rerekē kei te kitea.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
The people of New Zealand,Te iwi o Aotearoa
What is the population size of New Zealand?,Pēhea te rahi o te taupori o Aotearoa?
"In April 2003, New Zealand's population reached four million, up from 2 million in 1952 and three million in 1973.","I te marama o Āperira o te tau 2003, ka eke te taupori o Aotearoa ki te whā miriona, mai i te 2 miriona i te tau 1952 me te toru miriona i te tau 1973."
native people and the arrival of immigrants.,"Kei te piki haere tonu, nā te tipu o te iwi kāinga me te tau mai o ngā manene."
"In the year ending June 2004, 57,890 babies were born.","I te tau ka eke i te marama o Hune i te tau 2004, e 57,890 ngā pēpi i whānau mai."
"In 2002, the population increased by 38,198, due to large numbers of immigrants.","I te tau 2002, ka piki te taupori mā te e 38,198, nā te nui o ngā manene."
This figure varies from year to year:,"Ka rerekē tēnei rahi ia tau: I ngā tau 1999-2000, neke atu i te 20,000 te hekenga o te taupori nā te mea he nui ake te hunga i wehe ki tāwāhi, tērā i te hunga i hōu mai ki Aotearoa."
Age; male and female,Te pakeke; te tāne me te wahine
The population is getting older.,Kei te kaumātua haere te taupori.
"At the end of the Second World War the population increased rapidly, due to the large number of babies and the arrival of immigrants.","I te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka kaha te piki o te taupori, nā te nui o ngā pēpi me te taetae mai o te hunga manene."
"In 1971, 32% of the population was under the age of 15; by 2001, this had dropped to 23%.","I te tau 1971, e 32% o te taupori i raro iho i te 15 tau; kia tae ki te tau 2001, kua heke tēnei ki te e 23%."
The Māori population is younger than the general population.,He tamariki ake te taupori Māori tērā i te taupori whānui.
Only 3% of Māori people are over 65 years of age (compared to 12% of the general population).,E 3% anake o te iwi Māori kei runga ake i te 65 tau (e 12% mō te taupori whānui).
"The same is true for Pacific Islanders, that is, they are younger than the general population.","He pērā anō mō ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, arā, he tamariki ake rātou i te taupori whānui."
There are slightly more women than men.,"He tokomaha ake ngā wāhine i ngā tāne, paku nei."
This increase is seen in those who reach the age of 65.,Ka kitea tēnei nui i te hunga ka eke ki te tau e 65.
Te Tai Poutini is the only area where there are more men than women.,Ko Te Tai Poutini anake te takiwā he rahi ake ngā tāne i ngā wāhine.
Māori,Māori
"14% of New Zealand's population (526,281 in 2001) are Māori.","E 14% o te taupori o Aotearoa (e 526,281 i te tau 2001) he Māori."
"This number is expected to rise, as more Māori babies are being born than European or Asian babies.","Ko te titiro, ka kake whakarunga tēnei rahi, nā te mea kei te nui ake ngā pēpi Māori kei te whānau mai tērā i ngā pēpi Pākehā, Āhia rānei."
The diversity of New Zealand,Te kanorau o Aotearoa
"75% of the population is ethnic, because before the 1970s, most of the immigrants came from Europe.","E 75% o te taupori he kiritea, nā te mea i mua i tekau tau o 1970, i ahu mai te nuinga o ngā manene i Ūropi."
People from the islands of the Pacific and Asia have recently arrived.,Nō nā tata nei taetae mai ai ngā iwi o ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa me Āhia.
"By 2001, each of these communities numbered more than 250,000.","Kia tae ki te tau 2001, neke atu i te e 250,000 te rahi o ia o ēnei hapori."
Many children are born with different ethnicities of their mother and father.,Tokomaha ake ngā tamariki ka whānau mai he rerekē ngā matawaka o tōna whāea me tōna matua.
"In 2001, 18% of children under the age of 15 did not belong to the same ethnic group.","I te tau 2001, 18% o ngā tamariki i raro iho i te 15 tau ehara nō te tōpūtanga iwi kotahi."
More than half of these children are of European or Māori parentage.,"Neke atu i te haurua o ēnei tamariki he Pākehā, he Māori rānei ō rātou pakeke."
"The European population is dwindling, due to fewer babies being born, and because other peoples are more likely to have children.","Kei te memeha te taupori Pākehā, nā te tokoiti o ngā pēpi kei te whānau mai, me te kaha ake o ētahi atu iwi ki te whakawhānau tamariki."
The place for Māori,Te wāhi ki te Māori
Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand.,Ko te Māori te tangata whenua o Aotearoa.
Māori culture is an important part of New Zealand's identity.,He wāhi nui ngā tikanga a te Māori ki te tuakiri o Aotearoa.
"The differences between Māori and Europeans can be clearly seen in the customs of each tribe, such as mourning.","Mārama te kitea o ngā rerekētanga a te Māori me te Pākehā i ngā whakahaere o ia iwi, pērā i te tangihanga."
Māori suffer more than any other people.,Nui atu ngā mate ka pā ki te Māori tērā ngā mate ka pā ki ētahi atu iwi.
First,Tōmua
"Māori are dying more, their homes are more dilapidated, more Māori are affected by diseases, and Māori are not getting an education.","atu te matemate o te Māori, karukaru ake ō rātou kāinga, nui atu te Māori kei te pāngia e ngā mate, ā, kāore hoki te Māori i te puta i te mātauranga."
The same is true of the people of the Pacific Ocean.,He pērā anō ngā mate ka pā ki ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
People's welfare,Te noho pai a ngā iwi
"Even in the middle of the 20th century, the majority of the Māori people still lived in rural areas.","Tatū rawa ki te pokapū o te rau tau 1900, kei te noho tonu te nuinga o te iwi Māori ki ngā taiwhenua."
Between 1951 and 1971 the urban Māori population rose from 20% to 58%.,I waenganui i ngā tau 1951 me 1971 ka kake te taupori Māori noho tāone mai i te 20% ki te 58%.
"By 2001, the number of Māori living in cities was the same as that of other ethnic groups.","Tae ana ki te tau 2001, kua rite te rahi o te Māori e noho ana ki ngā tāone ki ētahi atu iwi."
"When Europeans and Māori began to live in close proximity, they tried to talk about this island saying, 'this is the best land for people to live in harmony'.","Nō te tīmatanga o te noho tata a te Pākehā me te Māori, ka whakamātauhia te kōrero mō tēnei motu e mea ana, ‘koinei te whenua pai rawa mō te noho pai a ngā iwi’."
In 1971 a public relations mediator was appointed to curb racial prejudice.,I te tau 1971 ka tohungia tētahi kaitakawaenga whakawhanaunga ā-iwi hei tāmi i te whakatoihara iwi.
People of the Pacific Islands,Ngā iwi o ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa
"In 2001, half of the Pacific Island population came from Samoa (231,800); followed by the people of the Cook Islands (52,000), followed by the people of Tonga (40,700).","I te tau 2001, haurua o te taupori mai ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ka ahu mai i Hāmoa (231,800); ka whai ko ngā tāngata o ngā Kuki Airani (52,000), whai muri iho ko te iwi o Tonga (40,700)."
"There are more people from Rarotonga, Niue and Tokelau living in New Zealand than the natives living in those islands.","He tokomaha ake ngā tāngata o Rarotonga, o Niue, o Tokelau e noho ana ki Aotearoa tērā i te hunga kāinga e noho rā ki aua moutere."
More than half of the Pacific Island population was born in New Zealand.,Neke atu i te haurua o te taupori o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i whānau mai ki Aotearoa.
"Most of them are young people, many of whom live in Auckland.","He rangatahi te nuinga, nui rātou kei te noho ki Tāmaki-makau-rau."
People of Asia,Ngā iwi o Āhia
"Between 1991 and 2001, the Asian population in New Zealand doubled.","I waenganui i te tau 1991 me te tau 2001, ka huarua te tipu o te taupori Āhia ki Aotearoa."
"As of 2001, 6.6% of the general population was Asian.","Tae ana ki te tau 2001, e 6.6% o te taupori whānui he Āhia."
"People from China are the largest group of people from Asia, followed by those from India.","Ko ngā tāngata mai Haina te tōpūtanga tāngata nui mai Āhia, whai muri ko ērā nō Īnia."
Some families from these countries have lived in New Zealand for a long time.,Kua roa te noho a ētahi whānau mai ēnei whenua ki Aotearoa.
The majority (66%) of the Asian population live in the metropolitan area of ​​Auckland.,Noho ai te nuinga (e 66%) o te taupori Āhia ki te tāone nui o Tāmaki-makau-rau.
They hear the criticism of those who oppose immigration to New Zealand.,Ka rongo rātou i ngā whakawhiu o te hunga whakahē i te kuhu o te manene ki Aotearoa.
This is an argument supported by some politicians.,He tautohenga tēnei ka hāpaitia e ētahi kaitōrangapū.
"However, perhaps the most important thing is that New Zealand society at large accepts immigration.","Heoi, ko te kōrero nui pea, e whakaae ana te hapori whānui o Aotearoa ki te manene."
Languages,Ngā reo
English is spoken by most New Zealanders.,Kōrerohia ai te reo Ingarihi e te nuinga o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa.
"However, due to the revival of the Māori language, and the influx of immigrants to this island, in 2001, more than half a million people know how to speak a language other than English.","Heoi, nō te whakaoranga o te reo Māori, me te mātotoru o ngā manene ki tēnei motu, i te tau 2001, neke atu i te hāwhe miriona ngā tāngata kei te mōhio ki te kōrero i tētahi reo i tua atu i te reo Ingarihi."
"There are over 160,000 Māori speakers.","Neke atu i te e 160,000 ngā tāngata kōrero Māori."
One in four Māori speak Māori.,Kotahi te Māori i roto i te tokowhā kei te kōrero Māori.
Strategies are in place to save the language.,Kua takoto ngā rautaki e ora ai te reo.
"After English and Māori, the Samoan language is spoken by 80,000 people.","Whai muri i te reo Ingarihi me te reo Māori, ko te reo Hāmoa, e kōrerohia ana e te e 80,000 tāngata."
"Next comes the Tongan language and various Chinese languages, namely Cantonese and Mandarin.","Whai muri ko te reo o Tonga me ngā momo reo o Haina, arā te Cantonese me te Mandarin."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Addresses of people,Ngā wāhi noho o ngā tāngata
Most of the people are in the north,Kei te raki te nuinga o te iwi
More than half of the population lives in the north of the North Island.,Neke atu i te haurua o te taupori kei te noho ki te raki o Te Ika-a-Māui.
Over one million people live in the Auckland region.,Neke atu i te kotahi miriona ngā tāngata e noho ana ki te rohe o Tāmaki.
The population of Auckland is larger than the population of Te Wai Pounamu.,He nui ake te taupori o Tamaki tērā i te taupori o Te Wai Pounamu.
90% of the Māori people live in the North Island.,Noho ai te e 90% o te iwi Māori ki Te Ika-a-Māui.
About half of the population of Tūranganui-a-Kiwa is Māori.,Tata ki te haurua o te taupori o Tūranganui-a-Kiwa he Māori.
This is the most Māori region of the entire region.,Koinei te rohe Māori rawa o ngā rohe puta noa.
"One quarter of the population lives in the south of the North Island, and one quarter lives in Te Wai Pounamu.","Noho ai te kotahi hauwhā o te taupori kei te tonga o Te Ika-a-Māui, ā, kotahi hauwhā e noho ana kei Te Wai Pounamu."
Bottled Water,Te Wai Pounamu
Canterbury is the largest area of ​​Te Wai Pounamu; but more than half of the population of Te Wai Pounamu lives there.,Ko Waitaha te rohe nui rawa o Te Wai Pounamu; kō atu i te haurua o te taupori o Te Wai Pounamu e noho ana ki reira.
"The North Coast has the smallest population – only 30,000.","Kei Te Tai Poutini te taupori iti rawa – e 30,000 anake."
Urban and rural,Te tāone me te taiwhenua
"75% of people live in cities of 10,000 or more.","E 75% o ngā tāngata ka noho ki ngā tāone e 10,000 neke atu rānei te rahi."
"Half of the population lives in the four largest cities, Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Auckland (Odepot was the largest city in the 19th century, however, it has he fell down to the cities above).","Haurua o te taupori e noho ana ki ngā tāone nunui e whā, a Tāmaki-makau-rau, a Kirikiriroa, a Te Whanganui-a-Tara, a Ōtautahi (ko Ōtepoti te tāone nui rawa i te rau tau 1800, heoi, kua taka a ia ki raro i ngā tāone kei runga ake nei)."
Only one person in seven lives in the countryside.,Kotahi anake te tangata i roto i te tokowhitu kei te noho ki te tuawhenua.
Most of the people living in the hinterland and Te Wai Pounamu are not new immigrants to New Zealand.,Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e noho ana ki te tuawhenua me Te Wai Pounamu ehara i te manene kātahi anō ka tau ki Aotearoa.
"Most of the people living in the mainland are European and Māori, with a few Asians and Pacific Islanders.","He Pākehā, he Māori te nuinga o ngā tāngata e noho ana ki tuawhenua, torutoru noa iho ngā Āhia me ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"As seen in 2001, 98% of Waimate residents in Te Wai Pounamu were European.","Kitea ai i te tau 2001, e 98% o ngā tāngata o Waimate i Te Wai Pounamu he Pākehā."
"Furthermore, in the South, only one person in 15 was born abroad.","I tua atu, i Murihiku, kotahi anake te tangata i roto i te 15 i whānau mai ki whenua kē."
The Auckland region is different from other regions.,He rerekē te rohe o Tāmaki ki ētahi atu rohe.
"There are more people from Asia and the Pacific, plus those who were born abroad - one in three people.","He nui ake ngā tāngata o Āhia me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, tāpiri atu ki te hunga i whānau ki tāwāhi – kotahi tangata i roto i te tokotoru."
The population moves,Ka nekeneke te taupori
"Every five years, half of the population over the age of five moves.","Ia rima tau, ka nuku te haurua o te taupori neke atu i te rima tau te pakeke, ki whare kē."
"The population growth in the north of the North Island is stronger than the population growth in the Pounamu Basin, due to the arrival of immigrants, and the birth rate of children with Māori and people from the Pacific.","Kaha ake te tipu o te taupori i te raki o Te Ika-a-Māui tērā i te tipu o te taupori o Te Wai Pounamu, nā te taetae o te hunga manene, me te kaha whānau mai o ngā tamariki ki te iwi Māori me ngā iwi mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
Christchurch is the town most people choose to live in Te Wai Pounamu.,Ko Ōtautahi te tāone ka muia e ngā tāngata ka noho ki Te Wai Pounamu.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
"Families, homes","Ngā whānau, ngā kāinga"
The whānau,Te whānau
"In 1962, 66,000 babies were born in New Zealand.","I te tau 1962, e 66,000 ngā pēpi ka whānau mai ki Aotearoa."
"By 2001, this had fallen to 56,221.","Tae rawa ki te tau 2001, ka taka tēnei ki te e 56,221."
"At the same time, the number of women giving birth increased by 70%, however, few of them wanted to give birth.","I taua wā anō, ka piki te rahi o ngā wāhine whakawhānau tamariki mā te e 70%, heoi, tokoiti rātou i hiahia ki te whakawhānau tamariki."
Women who give birth to children are taking care of them until they grow up.,"Ko ngā wāhine e whakawhānau tamariki ana, kei te tiaki kia pakeke ake rātou."
"In 2004, women aged 30 – 34 were the most likely to have children.","I te tau 2004, ko ngā wāhine e 30 – 34 te pakeke kei runga noa atu mō te whakawhānau tamariki."
Families are getting smaller and smaller.,Kei te pakupaku haere ngā whānau.
"In 2001, 35.3% of families had only one child.","I te tau 2001, e 35.3% o ngā whānau kotahi anake te tamaiti."
The proportion of families with three children decreased from 19.3% in 1962 to 17.7% in 2001.,"I paheke te rahi o ngā whānau e toru ā rātou tamariki, mai i te 19.3% i te tau 1962 ki te 17.7% i te tau 2001."
Marriage and divorce,Te mārena me te wehe
The number of people who want to get married is decreasing.,Kei te heke te rahi o te hunga e hiahia ana kia mārena.
"Marriages fell from 45.5 per 1,000 people in 1971 to 16.2 per 1,000 people in 1992.","Kua paheke ngā mārena mai i te 45.5 mō ia 1,000 tāngata i te tau 1971, ki te 16.2 mō ia 1000 tāngata i te tau 1992."
"Today, it remains at this level.","Tatū ki ēnei rā, kei tēnei taumata tonu."
Married people are waiting until they are older.,Kei te tatari te hunga mārena kia pakeke ake rātou.
"In 1971, about 33% of women married young; by 1999, this had dropped to just 3%.","I te tau 1971, tata ki te 33% o ngā wāhine i mārena i a rātou e rangatahi tonu ana; tae rawa ki te tau 1999, kua paheke tēnei ki te 3% anake."
"Between 1976 and 1999, the divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 marriages) rose from 7.4 to 12.6.","I waenganui i ngā tau 1976 me 1999, ka kake te rahi o ngā wehenga (ngā wehenga i roto i ngā mārena 1,000) mai i te 7.4 ki te 12.6."
"In 2002 there were over 10,000 formal divorces – almost half of all marriages.","I te tau 2002 neke atu i te 10,000 ngā wehenga tūturu – tata ki te haurua o ngā mārena."
Homes,Ngā kāinga
"In 2001, fewer than 3 people lived in the same house (3.5 people in 1976).","I te tau 2001, kei raro i te 3 ngā tāngata e noho ana kei te whare kotahi (3.5 tāngata i te tau 1976)."
"The population has increased from one to 300,000, (a quarter of the total population).","Kua kake ngā tāngata noho i tō rātou kotahi ki te 300,000, (hauwhā o te tatauranga katoa)."
One of the reasons for this is that women who live independently live to be 65 years old or older.,"Ko tētahi o ngā take pēnei ai, ko te noho ora o ngā wāhine noho motuhake kia 65 tau te pakeke neke atu."
Military villages,Ngā kāinga whawhao
"If the number of people living in a house rises above a certain level, that house is called a sheltered home.","Ki te kake te rahi o ngā tāngata e noho ana ki tētahi whare ki runga ake i tētahi taumata, kīia ai taua kāinga he kāinga whawhao."
"In the year 2001, 5% of the households were homeless.","I te tau 2001, e 5% o ngā kāinga he kāinga whawhao."
"Eventually, this situation will be resolved.","Nāwai ā, ka mahea tēnei āhuatanga."
"In 1986, there were 72,924 households with very few rooms; by 2001, this had dropped to 65,088.","I te tau 1986, e 72,924 ngā kāinga he iti rawa ngā rūma; tae ki te tau 2001, kua heke tēnei ki te e 65,088."
Those who live in the south of Auckland are the most likely to live in rural areas.,Ko te hunga ka noho ki te tonga o Tāmaki te hunga nui kei ngā kāinga whawhao.
This situation has a stronger impact on Māori and Pacific Islanders.,Kaha ake te pānga o tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā Māori me ngā tāngata o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
Buying and owning a home,Te hoko me te pupuri whare
33% of the population live in rented accommodation.,Noho ai te e 33% o te taupori ki ngā whare rīhi.
Māori and Pacific Islanders are the main ethnic groups in rental housing.,Ko te iwi Māori me ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ngā iwi nui kei ngā whare rīhi.
"Europeans are living in their homes without mortgages, because the European population is older and they have been paying off their mortgages for a long time.","Ko ngā Pākehā kei te noho i ō rātou whare karekau he mōkete, nā te mea he pakeke ake te taupori Pākehā, ka mutu kua roa rātou e utu ana i ā rātou mōkete."
"In 2001, the home ownership rate dropped from 73.8% in 1991 to 67.8%.","I te tau 2001, ka heke te tini pupuri whare mai i te 73.8% i tau 1991, ki te 67.8 %."
Types of houses,Ngā momo whare
The majority of house types in New Zealand (80%) are single-family detached houses.,Ko te nuinga o ngā momo whare ki Aotearoa (e 80%) ko ngā whare tū motuhake mō te whānau kotahi.
But close together seating is on the rise.,Heoi kei te piki haere ngā nohoanga piri tahi.
The number of houses with four or more rooms is increasing.,Kei te piki haere te maha o ngā whare e whā ngā rūma neke atu.
"This is a sign that wealth is increasing, and those with high incomes are far from those who do not have high incomes.","He tohu tēnei kei te nui haere ngā rawa, kei te tawhiti atu te hunga whai moni whiwhi pai ki tērā te hunga kāore i te nui ā rātou moni whiwhi."
"In 2001, 73.5% of households had between one and three bedrooms, a decrease from 80.5% in 1991.","I te tau 2001, e 73.5% o ngā kāinga, kei waenganui i te kotahi me te toru ngā rūma, he hekenga mai te 80.5% i te tau 1991."
"Between 1991 and 2001 the number of households increased four to six rooms, from 16% to 20.4%.","I waenganui i ngā tau 1991 me 2001 ka kake te tokomaha o ngā whare e whā ki te ono ngā rūma, mai i te 16% ki te 20.4%."
"There is a group of people who have two homes, one of which is a holiday home.","Tērā tētahi tōpūtanga tāngata e rua ō rātou kāinga, ko tētahi he kāinga hararei."
"Due to the increase in resources, the common cribs - bach ( or crib in Te Wai Pounamu); some of these second houses have already been built.","Nā te nui haere o ngā rawa, kua kore ngā kōpuha noa – bach (crib rānei ki Te Wai Pounamu); kua hanga nui kē ētahi o ēnei whare tuarua."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
"Women, men","Te wahine, te tāne"
Women,Ngā wāhine
"Since the 1980's, due to the publication of women's rights and changes in the economy and society of New Zealand, the status of women has increased.","Atu i te tekau tau o 1980, nā te whakaputanga o te mana wahine me te panoni o te ōhanga me te hapori o Aotearoa, ka piki te āhua o ngā wāhine."
"Since the early years of the 2000s, women have been seen in high positions and economic sectors.","Taka mai ki ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, kua kitea te wahine i ngā tūranga teitei me ngā rāngai ōhanga."
"In 2005 the prime minister, governor-general, chief justice, attorney general and head of New Zealand's largest company were all women.","I te tau 2005 he wahine te pirimia, te kāwana-tianara, te kaiwhakawā matua, te rōia matua me te tumuaki o te kamupene nui rawa o Aotearoa."
"According to the law, equal pay should be given to men and women.","Ki tā te ture, me ōrite te utu ka whakawhiwhia ki te tāne me te wahine."
"Although many women are employed, and women's wages are increasing, in 2001, women's wages were lower than men's (average $14,500 for women, $24,900 for men).","Ahakoa anō te tini wāhine kei te whai mahi utu, me te piki o ngā utu ki ngā wāhine, i te tau 2001, he iti iho te utu a te wahine ki tā te tāne (toharite e $14,500 mā te wahine, e $24,900 mā te tāne)."
male).,"He pērā anō te kōrero mō ngā utu ia wiki: i te tau 2002, $857 te utu ki te tāne, e $685 ki te wahine."
A woman spends more time caring for others in the whānau and working for free.,He nui ake te wā whakapauhia ai e te wahine ki te awhi i ētahi atu o te whānau me te mahi mō te kore utu.
"In 2001, 57% of the self-employed outside the home were women.","I te tau 2001, e 57% o te hunga mahi kore utu kei waho o ō rātou kāinga, he wāhine."
60% of home health care workers are women.,"E 60% o te hunga tiaki tūroro i te kāinga, he wāhine."
Gay,Takatāpui
"In the 1970s, the place of homosexuality in New Zealand was very different.",I te tekau tau atu i 1970 ka tino rerekē te wāhi o te takatāpui ki Aotearoa.
"In 1986, legal restrictions on male-to-male and female-to-female sex were abolished.","I te tau 1986, ka whakakorea ngā aukatinga a te ture mō te moe a te tāne i te tāne me te wahine i te wahine."
In 1993 the Civil Rights Act came into force; homosexuals cannot be fired.,I te tau 1993 ka mana te Ture Tikanga Tangata; e kore e taea te pana tangata takatāpui.
Society and laws have become more focused on those who live in same-sex relationships.,Kua nui ake te aronga o te hapori me ngā ture ki te hunga ka noho i ngā hononga takatāpui.
"By 2003, some homosexuals had become members of parliament, and one had even reached the cabinet.","Tae ki te tau 2003, kua eke ētahi takatāpui hei mema paremata, ko tētahi kua tae rā anō ki te rūnanga kāwanatanga."
Prostitution,Kairautanga
"Prostitution is native to New Zealand, brought over from the early years of European settlement.","Kei Aotearoa te kairautanga, i kawea mai i ngā tau tōmua o te noho a te Pākehā."
"However, it was only in 2003 that it was legally approved.","Heoi, nō te tau 2003 ka whakaaetia ā-turetia."
Before this it was illegal to operate a brothel;,"I mua i tēnei he takahinga ture te whakahaere whare kairau; hunaia ai ēnei tūmomo whare ki raro i te kārangaranga whare miri tinana, arā, ‘massage parlours’."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
National health,Te hauora o te motu
Since the 1950s the health of the population has increased.,Atu i te tekau tau o 1950 ka piki te hauora o te taupori.
The size of the young decreases and the old die.,Ka heke te rahi o te rangatahi me ngā taipakeke ka mate.
"Only recently has the death rate of the working age, and those who have reached the second direction, decreased.","Nō nā noa nei ka heke te toharite mate o ngā taipakeke whai mahi, me te hunga kua tae ki te ahunga rua."
People get older,Ka piki ngā tau o te tangata
"In the year 2000, the average male life expectancy was 76 years and the female life expectancy was 81 years.","I te tau 2000, ko te toharite, e 76 ngā tau ka ora te tāne, e 81 ngā tau ka ora te wahine."
"Below are the statistics for Māori - 68 years for men, 71 years for women.","Kei raro iho ngā tatauranga mō te Māori – e 68 tau mō te tāne, e 71 tau mō te wahine."
Childhood diseases,Ngā mate kōhungahunga
"In the second half of the 20th century, childhood deaths in New Zealand decreased, from 28 deaths per 1,000 births in 1950, to 6 deaths per 1,000 births in the year 1998.","I te wāhanga tuarua o te rau tau 1900, ka heke ngā mate kōhungahunga ki Aotearoa, mai i te 28 mate mō ngā tamariki e 1,000 ka whānau mai i te tau 1950, ki te e 6 mate mō ngā tamariki e 1000 ka whānau mai i te tau 1998."
"Apart from that, in terms of its position in the world, New Zealand has declined in the last 25 years.","Hāunga tērā, mō tōna tūranga ki te ao, kua heke a Aotearoa i ngā tau e 25 kua pahure."
The effects of childhood illness are greater on the Māori people than on other peoples.,He nui ake ngā pānga o te mate kōhungahunga ki te iwi Māori tērā i ētahi atu iwi.
"However, from 1950 to 1998, the incidence of this disease among the Māori people increased (from 70 to 8 deaths per 1,000 children).","Heoi, atu i te tau 1950 ki te tau 1998, kaha ake te paheketanga o tēnei mate i waenganui i te iwi Māori, (mai i te 70 ki te 8 mate mō ngā tamariki e 1,000)."
Health and lifestyle,Te hauora me te āhua noho
"Since 1993, cancer is one of the leading diseases.","Atu i te tau 1993, ko te mate pukupuku tētahi o ngā mate nui."
Other serious diseases include respiratory diseases and diseases affecting the blood vessels of the brain.,Ko ētahi atu mate nui ko te mate manawa me ngā mate ka pā ki ngā iatoto o te roro.
One in four people smoke cigarettes over the age of 15.,Kai hikareti ai te kotahi tangata i roto i te tokowhā neke atu i te 15 ngā tau.
"In 1990, smoking in public places was banned by law.",Nō te tau 1990 ka tīmata te aukati a te ture i te kai hikareti ki ngā wāhi tūmatanui.
"In 2004, the law covered pubs and restaurants.",Nō te tau 2004 ka kapi e te ture ngā pāpara kāuta me ngā whare kai.
"On average, Māori are twice as likely to smoke as non-Maori.",Toharite huarua te nui ake o ngā Māori ka kai paipa i ngā tauiwi.
"Māori are also more likely to suffer from respiratory disease, lung cancer and heart disease than non-Māori.","Nā whai anō he rahi ōwehe ake te Māori i ngā tauiwi e hinga ana i te mate manawa, te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu me ngā mate romahā."
Burners,Ngā tahumaero
In the 1990s the incidence of meningitis and tuberculosis increased.,I te tekau tau atu i 1990 ka kaha ake te pā mai o te mate kiriuhi ua kakā (meninakouka) me te mate kohi.
Tuberculosis had a devastating effect on the peoples of the Pacific.,Ka pā kino te mate kohi ki ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
Road accidents and suicide,Ngā aituā i te huarahi me te mate whakamomori
"In the early 1970s, the number of road accidents reached its peak.","I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1970, ka kake te rahi o ngā aitua i te huarahi ki tōna taumata."
This type of disease is particularly dangerous among young people between the ages of 15 and 24.,Tino kino tēnei tūmomo mate i te hunga taitama kei waenganui i ngā tau 15 ki te 24.
"However, between 1989 (that year, there were 22.7 road deaths per 100,000 people) and 2002, New Zealand was the 30 countries (including Australia, England and the United States) experienced the biggest reduction in road accidents, in particular they fell by half.","Heoi, i waenganui i ngā tau 1989 (i tērā tau, 22.7 ngā mate i te huarahi mō te e 100,000 tāngata) me 2002, ko Aotearoa te whenua o ngā whenua e 30 (tae atu ki Ahitereiria, Ingarangi me Amerika) i kaha rawa atu te heke o ngā aituā i te huarahi, otirā ka heke mā te haurua."
Health services,Ngā ratonga hauora
New Zealanders can access health services through a health center in their community.,Taea ai e ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ngā ratonga hauora mā roto i te pokapū hauora kei tō rātou hapori.
"Some doctors will continue to be private practitioners, despite the introduction of free or partially paid health services.","Ka noho tonu ētahi tākuta hei kaimahi tūmataiti, ahakoa te whakakuhuna o ētahi ratonga hauora kore utu, wāhanga utu rānei."
Now a subsidy will be added to pay for part of the medicines.,Ināianei ka tāpirihia he āwhina hei utu i tētahi wāhanga o ngā rongoā.
"Most of the drugs are bought by Pharmac, the government's drug procurement agency; this will lower the cost of the medication.","Ka hokona mai te rahi o ngā rongoā e Pharmac, te tari hoko rongoā a te kāwanatanga; mā tēnei ka iti iho te utu mō te rongoā."
Those with low incomes will receive additional funding for their health care costs.,"Ka whiwhi pūtea tāpiri te hunga iti nei ā rātou moni whiwhi, mō ā rātou utunga hauora."
The government pays for the hospitals.,Ko te kāwanatanga ka utu mō ngā hōhipera.
They provide emergency and critical care.,Whakarato ai rātou i ngā āwhina mō ngā mate whawhati tata me ngā mate kino rawa.
"There are also private hospitals, where people have to pay; these hospitals are usually used for non-emergency surgeries.","Arā anō ngā hōhipera tūmataiti, me utu te tangata; i te nuinga o te wā whakamahia ai ēnei hōhipera mō ngā pokanga kīhai i te mate whawhati tata."
A national survey was conducted in 1996-97.,I ngā tau 1996-97 whakahaerehia ai tētahi rangahau ā-motu.
"It found that 38% of New Zealanders have private health insurance, mostly for non-emergency surgeries.","I kitea, e 38% o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ka whai inihua hauora tūmataiti, ko te nuinga mō ngā pokanga kīhai i te mate whawhati tata."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Education,Mātauranga
Public school,Kura tūmatanui
"The government provides free education for primary, middle and high school.","Whakaratoa ai e te kāwanatanga te mātauranga kore utu mō ngā kura tuatahi, kura waenganui, kura tuarua."
There is no place in these schools for religious studies.,"Kāore he wāhi i ēnei kura mō nga akoranga hāhi, whakapono."
"There is no cost of going to kura for children from 5 years to 19 years of age, and the child must go to kura from 6 years to 16 years.","Kāore he utu o te haere ki te kura mō ngā tamariki mai i te 5 tau ki te 19 tau te pakeke, ā, me haere te tamaiti ki te kura mai i te 6 tau ki te 16 tau."
"Since 1989, these types of schools have been managed by boards of trustees supported by parents.","Mai i te tau 1989, whakahaerehia ai ēnei momo kura e ngā poari kaitiaki ka tohungia e ngā mātua."
Early childhood education,Whakaakoranga kōhungahunga
There is no law forcing young children to go to school.,Kāore he ture whakahau i ngā tamariki kōhungahunga ki te kura.
"However, many children under the age of five go to preschools and playcentres .","Heoi, tini ngā tamariki kei raro i te rima tau te pakeke ka haere ki ngā kura pūhou, ngā pokapū kōhungahunga (playcentre)."
"Parents played an important role in early childhood centers, and by the end of the 20th century these types of educational institutions had become widespread.","He wāhi nui tō ngā mātua i roto i ngā pokapū kōhungahunga, ka mutu, tatū ki te paunga o te rau tau 1900 kua hōrapa ēnei momo whare ako."
Committee school,Kura kōmitimiti
"After the enactment of the Education Act 1877, the Catholic Church established its primary and secondary schools to maintain the identity of the Catholic Church.","Whai muri i te whakamanatanga o te Ture Mātauranga 1877, ka whakatū e te hāhi Katorika āna kura tuatahi, tuarua hoki ki te pupuri i te tuakiri o te hāhi Katorika."
"Now, these schools have been merged with public schools.","Ināianei, kua kōmitimiti ēnei kura ki ngā kura tūmatanui."
"The government pays for these schools, however, their doors must be open to all students.","Ko te kāwanatanga kei te kawe i ngā utu mō ēnei kura, heoi, me tuwhera ō rātou tatau ki ngā tauira katoa."
"In fact, these schools will continue to maintain their own characteristics.","Otirā, ka mau tonu ēnei kura ki ā rātou ake tū āhuatanga."
Private school,Kura tūmataiti
There are also private schools (mostly run by churches).,Kei reira anō ngā kura tūmataiti (ko te nuinga nō ngā hāhi).
"These schools are independent from the government, and students have to pay to go there.","Ka tū motuhake ēnei kura i te kāwanatanga, me utu hoki te haere ki reira hei tauira."
Some of the traditional schools have become schools for those who are proud of their wealth and their position in society.,Ko ētahi o ngā kura tūroa kua tū hei kura mō te hunga whakahīhī i ō rātou rawa me tō rātou tūranga i roto te hapori.
"Of the newly opened private schools, most were established by Christian churches.","O ngā kura tūmataiti kātahi anō ka tuwhera, ko te nuinga nā ngā hāhi Karaitiana pakipaki i whakatū."
"Private schools receive some support from the government, however, their independent boards are independent.","Ka whiwhi ngā kura tūmataiti ki ētahi āwhina mai te kāwanatanga, heoi, tū motuhake ō rātou poari motuhake."
Tertiary school,Kura tuatoru
"Almost all tertiary institutions (high schools, teacher training colleges, universities) receive aid from the government, but their governing councils are independent.","Tata ki te katoa o ngā kura tuatoru (kuratini, kāreti ako kaiwhakaako, whare wānanga) ka whiwhi āwhina i te kāwanatanga, engari, motuhake te tū o ō rātou kaunihera whakahaere."
"For most courses, the student must pay a portion of the fees.","Mō te nuinga o ngā whakaakoranga, me utu te ākonga i tētahi wāhanga o ngā utu."
"With the loan, tertiary education is open to everyone.",Mā te pūtea taurewa ka tuwhera ngā kura tuatoru ki ngā tāngata katoa.
"In the past, due to low wages, extra student allowances and summer jobs paid for each other.","I ngā wā o mua nā te iti o te utu, nā ngā tahua tauira tāpiri me ngā mahi o te raumati ngā utu i ea."
Achievement in education,Whakatutukitanga i roto i te mātauranga
Most children in New Zealand start school when they are five.,Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki o Aotearoa ka tīmata ki te kura ina eke ana ō rātou tau ki te rima.
More young people are staying in school for a long time.,Nui atu ngā rangatahi kei te noho ki te kura mō tētahi wā roa.
"However, very few Māori students stay in preparatory school until the age of 18.","Heoi, torutoru noa ngā tauira Māori ka noho ki te kura tatū rawa ki te 18 tau."
The National Certificate of Education Achievement (NCEA) is the educational qualification for high school seniors.,Ko te National Certificate of Education Achievement (NCEA) te tohu mātauranga mō ngā tauira pakeke i ngā kura tuarua.
25% of children over 15 years of age do not have any educational qualifications.,"E 25% ngā tamariki neke atu i te 15 tau te pakeke, karekau ā rātou tohu mātauranga."
One in eight people hold a university degree.,Kotahi o ngā tāngata tokowaru e pupuri ana i tētahi tohu whare wānanga.
Education and Māori,Mātauranga me te Māori
Most Māori children are in government schools.,Kei roto te nuinga o ngā tamariki Māori i ngā kura a te kāwanatanga.
In the 1980s kōhanga reo were established to revive the Māori language.,Nō te tekau tau atu i 1980 ka tū ngā kōhanga reo hei whakaora i te reo Māori.
"After finishing kōhanga reo, some students enter kura kaupapa Māori; there is no cost to attend these schools.",Ka mutu ana te kōhanga reo ka tomo ētahi tauira ki ngā kura kaupapa Māori; kāore he utu ki te haere ki ēnei kura.
A university has also been established.,Kua tū anō he whare wānanga.
"All children in New Zealand are eligible to enter government schools, and children can be sent to kōhanga reo and kura kaupapa Māori.","Ka āhei ngā tamariki katoa o Aotearoa kia kuhu ki ngā kura a te kāwanatanga, ka taea hoki te tukuna o ngā tamariki ki ngā kōhanga reo, kura kaupapa Māori hoki."
Schools in rural areas,Kura kei ngā taiwhenua
The school is a center for rural communities.,Ko te kura tētahi pokapū mō ngā hapori ki taiwhenua.
"Some of these schools are closed due to the dwindling population in rural areas, and children are sent to local schools, which are supposed to provide a higher level of education.","Ka kati ētahi o ēnei kura nā te tokoiti haere o te taupori ki taiwhenua, ka tonoa ngā tamariki ki ngā kura tōpū, ko te whakapae, he teitei ake te mātauranga ka whakaratoa e ēnei kura."
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
"Beliefs, religions","Ngā whakapono, ngā hāhi"
Christians,Karaitiana
The importance of the Christian faith in New Zealand can be seen in the establishment of churches in towns and rural areas throughout the country.,Kitea ai te nui o te whakapono Karaitiana ki Aotearoa i te tūtū o ngā whare karakia ki ngā tāone me ngā taiwhenua o te motu puta noa.
"According to statistics, half of New Zealand's population is Christian.","E ai ki ngā tatauranga, he Karaitiana te haurua o te taupori o Aotearoa."
"The main branches of Christianity are Anglican, Catholic, and Presbyterian.","Ko ngā peka matua o te whakapono Karaitiana ko te Mihinare, te Katorika, te Perehipitiriana."
"Apart from the territories of Auckland, Auckland and South Africa, the Anglican Church is the largest church in New Zealand.","I tua atu i ngā rohe o Tāmaki, o Ōtākou, o Murihiku, ko te hāhi Mihinare te hāhi nui rawa o Aotearoa."
Less than a quarter of Christians go to church.,Raro iho i te hauwhā o ngā Karaitiana haere ai ki te karakia.
The followers of the churches are becoming less and less.,Kei te tokoiti haere te hunga whai i ngā hāhi.
"However, clapping churches are growing rapidly.","Heoi, kei te kaha te tipu o ngā hāhi pakipaki."
There is a lot of cooperation between Christian branches in towns and rural areas.,Kitea nuitia ai te mahinga tahitanga i waenganui i ngā peka Karaitiana ki ngā tāone ki taiwhenua.
"Needless to say, the Christian churches and their support groups are no longer as powerful as they used to be.","Me kī, kua kore e kaha ngā hāhi Karaitiana me ā rātou rōpū tautoko pērā i ngā rā ki mua."
Place in Christian churches,Te wāhi ki ngā hāhi Karaitiana
Conflicts have been seen between Christian churches over issues such as the ordination of women as ministers and homosexuals.,Kua kitea ngā taupatupatu i waenganui i ngā hāhi Karaitiana mō ngā take pēnei i te whakawahi i te wahine hei minita me ngā takatāpui.
Most churches outside the Catholic Church have accepted women as ministers.,Kua whakaaehia e te nuinga o ngā hāhi i waho atu i te Hāhi Katorika ngā wāhine hei minita.
"If we look at society in general, the Christians of the left have stood up to fight racial prejudice, poverty, to support the sex of men and women, and the separation of the sexes.","Ki te tirohia te hapori whānui, kua tū ngā Karaitiana o te taha mauī kia whawhai te whakatoihara iwi, te rawakore, kia tautokona te ira tāne me te ira wahine, me te wehenga tokorau."
"Except for the Christians on the right, they are arguing for these same issues, but on the other side.","Hāunga anō ngā Karaitiana i te taha matau, kei te tohe rātou mō ēnei kaupapa tonu nei, engari kei tētahi taha kē."
Many beliefs,Ngā whakapono maha
"More recently, immigrant tribes brought their beliefs.",Nō muri tata nei mauria mai e ngā iwi manene a rātou whakapono.
"As of 2010, there were over 50,000 Hindus and Putas in New Zealand, and over 35,000 Muslim slaves.","Nō te tau 2010, neke atu i te 50,000 ngā Hinuhinu me ngā Puta i Aotearoa, ā, neke atu i te 35,000 te tokomaha o ngā pononga Muslim."
"In the 1800s, Húrae communities were established.",Atu i te rau tau 1800 ka tū ngā hapori Hūrae.
Their houses of worship are built in most of the big cities.,Ka hangaia ō rātou whare karakia ki te nuinga o ngā tāone nui.
Māori churches,Ngā hāhi Māori
There were two Māori religions that emerged from Christianity.,E rua ngā hāhi Māori i puta i te Karaitiana.
William Tahupotiki Ratana created the Ratana church in the early years of the 1900s;,Nā Wiremu Tahupōtiki Rātana te hāhi Rātana i waihanga i ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 1900; nā Te Kōti Arikirangi i waihanga i te hāhi Ringatū i te rau tau atu i 1800.
Christian churches have established some Māori groups and sections that will work together with the general church's agenda to make the Māori side appear in the Christian faith.,"Kua whakatūria e ngā hāhi Karaitiana ētahi rōpū, wāhanga Māori ka haere ngātahi me ngā kaupapa o te hāhi whānui e aha ai, e puta ai te taha Māori i roto i te whakapono Karaitiana."
Page 8.,Whārangi 8.
The world,Te ao nei
New Zealand's place in the wider world,Wāhi o Aotearoa i te ao whānui
New Zealand's ties to the wider world are strong.,Kua pakari ngā herenga o Aotearoa ki te ao whānui.
"According to some, this is the Americanization of the world, which shows the end of social and cultural ties to England.","E ai ki ētahi, ko te Amerikenatanga tēnei o te ao, e whakaatu nei i te motunga o ngā here ā-hapori, ā-tikanga ki Ingarangi."
Check the density of programs on television and in pictures; mostly Americans.,Tirohia te mātotoru o ngā kaupapa i te pouaka whakaata me ngā pikitia; he Amerikena te nuinga.
"The story of England, Scotland and Ireland is no longer heard, as was the time at home, like in the 1800s.","Kua kore e rongohia te kōrero mō Ingarangi, Koterana me Airana, anō ko te wā kāinga, pērā i te rau tau 1800."
Go abroad,Whiti ki tāwāhi
"Because of the ease of long-distance mobility, New Zealanders are able to reach out to the wider world.","Nāwai ā, nā te ngāwari o te nekeneke tawhiti, ka kaha te puta o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ki te ao whānui."
"In 1950, for every 1,000 people, 11 went abroad for a short time.","I te tau 1950, mō ngā tāngata e 1,000, 11 te tokomaha i wehe ki tāwāhi mō tētahi wā poto."
"By the year 2000, this number had risen to 355 per 1,000 people.","Tae ana ki te tau 2000, ka kake tēnei tatauranga ki te e 355 mō ngā tāngata 1,000."
More than half of these people migrated to Australia.,"Neke atu i te haurua o ēnei tāngata, ka whakawhiti ki Ahitereiria."
"This is a big thing in New Zealand, that is, young people going abroad.","He āhuatanga nui tēnei ki Aotearoa, arā, te haere o te rangatahi ki tāwāhi."
"London is the main destination for young people, because they can get a job in England under certain programs.","Ko Rānana te taunga nui mō taiohi, nā te mea ka āhei rātou te whai mahi ki Ingarangi i raro i ētahi kaupapa."
Influences vary,Ka rerekē ngā awe
"Today less than 7% of the general population was born in England, Scotland and Ireland.","I ēnei rā paku iho i te e 7% o te hapori whānui i whānau mai ki Ingarangi, Koterana me Airana."
"Although many follow English television programs such as Coronation Street and The office , the focus has shifted to American and international trends.","Ahakoa te whai a te tini i ngā hōtaka pouaka whakaata Ingarihi pērā i a Coronation Street me The office, kua huri kē te aronga ki ngā ia o Amerika me te ao whānui."
"Australia does not have much influence on New Zealand's culture, except for the country's proximity and similar origins and history.","Kāore e nui te awe o Ahitereiria ki runga i te ahurea o Aotearoa, hāunga te tata o tērā whenua me te rite o ngā takenga mai me ngā hītori."
"Many immigrants have settled in New Zealand in recent years; it should be said, they are mostly from Asia and the Pacific.","Kua nui ngā iwi manene kua tau ki Aotearoa i ngā tau tata nei; me kī, he nui rātou nō Āhia me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"Many people go abroad to work, many of them are teaching English in countries such as Japan, Korea and China.","Tini te tangata ka haere ki tāwāhi mahi ai, he tokomaha rātou kei te whakaako Ingarihi ki ngā whenua pēnei i Hapanihi, Kōrea me Haina."
"Because of these actions, a way will be opened for New Zealand to feel the influence of those countries.",Nā ēnei mahi ka tuwhera tētahi ara e rongo ai a Aotearoa i te awe o ērā whenua.
Discussion,Whitiwhitinga kōrero
"97% of homes in large cities have a telephone; in rural areas, more than 90% of households have telephones.","He waea kei te e 97% o ngā whare kei ngā tāone nunui; ki ngā taiwhenua, neke atu i te e 90% o ngā whare he waea ō rātou."
33% of households can access the internet.,Ka taea te ipurangi e te e 33% o ngā kāinga.
Almost all children bring computers to school.,Ka tareka e te tata ki te katoa o ngā tamariki te whāwhā rorohiko ki ngā kura.
Cars and passenger vehicles,Motukā me ngā waka kawe tāngata
90% of homes in the island have a car or some car.,"He motukā, ētahi motukā rānei kei te e 90% o ngā kāinga i te motu."
"By 2001, 66% of New Zealand workers commuted to work by car.","Kia tae ki te tau 2001, haere ai te e 66% o ngā kaimahi o Aotearoa ki te mahi mā runga motukā."
Only one person in 20 goes to work underground.,Kotahi tangata anake i te 20 ka haere ki te mahi mā raro.
"Only 2% of people take the bus to work, and even fewer take the train.","E 2% anake o ngā tāngata ka hopu pahi ki te mahi, tokoiti iho mā runga tereina."
"In the past, for long journeys, trains, buses, and steamboats were the means of transportation.","I ngā wā o mua, mō ngā haerenga roa, ko ngā tereina, pahi, ngā waka kōpiko ngā waka kawe tāngata."
"Except today, airplanes are the most popular form of transportation for long, long-distance travel.","Hāunga ēnei rā, ko te waka rererangi te waka nui te mahia mō ngā haerenga roa, tawhiti."
"However, some rail services are still being provided, albeit limited, in addition to ferry services traveling between Wellington and Waitohi.","Heoi, kei te whakaratoa tonutia ētahi mahi rerewē ahakoa iti, tāpae atu ki ngā waka kōpiko haere i waenganui Te Whanganui-a-Tara me Waitohi."
Crime,Taihara
"Between 1962 and 1995, the average crime rate increased by a quarter.","Mō ngā tau 1962 ki te 1995, ka piki te toharite mō ngā taihara mā te hauwhā."
"Every year, between 40 and 65 people are murdered.","Ia tau, kei waenganui i te 40 ki te 65 ngā tāngata ka kōhurungia."
"Crime is on the rise, and the criminals in most robberies are not being caught.","Kei te kake whakarunga ngā tūkinotanga tāngata, kāore i te hopukina ngā nanakia i te nuinga o ngā tāhaetanga."
"Every year, 7,000 people are sent to prison.","Ia tau, e 7,000 tāngata ka mauria ki te whare herehere."
"Seventeen prisons in the country house 6,000 prisoners.","Ka tareka e ngā whare herehere tekau mā whitu o te motu ngā mauhere e 6,000."
More than 40% of prisoners are Māori.,Kei tua atu i te e 40% o ngā mauhere he Māori.
More than 50% of prisoners are under 30 years of age.,Kō atu i te 50% ngā mauhere kei raro iho i te 30 tau te pakeke.
Page 9.,Whārangi 9.
"Food, drinks, clothing","Ngā kai, ngā inu, ngā kākahu"
Māori food,Kai a te Māori
"In the past, the main occupations of the Māori were the production of food and the cultivation of kumara.","I ngā rā o mua, ko te mahi kai me te whakatipu kūmara ngā mahi nui a te Māori."
The kumara arrived in New Zealand from South America.,I tae te kūmara ki Aotearoa i te tonga o Amerika.
"The fern is killed for food, and the seeds of the orange are processed to remove the excess to make it good for food.","Ka patua te aruhe hei kai, mahia anōtia ai ngā kākano o te karaka kia pana te taikaha e pai ai hei kai."
"Since then, Māori have eaten a lot of seafood.","Mai anō, he nui te kai moana ki te Māori."
Make a net and string.,Mahia ai te kupenga me te aho.
"Collecting shellfish such as kūtai, paua, pūpū, bipi, etc.","Kohia ai ngā mātaitai pērā i te kūtai, te pāua, te pūpū, te pipi, aha atu."
"There are many birds in the forests, tuna and fish in the rivers and freshwater.","Nui te manu ki ngā ngahere, te tuna me te īnanga ki ngā awa me ngā wai māori."
According to,Hāngī
"The Māori continue to follow the Pacific cooking method, that is, the oven; to New Zealand, that is.","Kei te whai tonu te Māori i te tikanga tunu kai puta i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, arā, te mahi umu; ki Aotearoa, ko te hāngī."
Foreigners have begun to follow this style of New Zealand cooking.,Kua tīmata te whai haere a tauiwi i tēnei momo tunu kai o Aotearoa ake.
European food,Kai a te Pākehā
"Food shows the important role of England, Scotland and Ireland in the history of New Zealand.","Whakaaturia ai mā roto i ngā kai te wāhi nui o Ingarangi, Koterana me Airana i te hītori o Aotearoa."
"For a long time, until the 1950s, European food was mainly food that came from Britain.","Mō te wā roa, tatū rawa ki te tekau tau atu i 1950, ko ngā kai a te Pākehā ko ngā kai i ahu mai i Peretānia."
"In the 1800s, it is amazing how much meat was eaten - on the sheep stations, lamb chops were eaten for breakfast, lunch and dinner.","Atu i te rau tau 1800, me mīharo rā ki te nui o te mīti i kainga – hei ngā teihana hipi, ko te rara hipi te kai mō te parakuihi, te tina me te kai o te pō."
Various foods,Ngā kai huhua
"After the Second World War, European immigrants landed in New Zealand, bringing their own food.","I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka tau ki Aotearoa ngā manene o Ūropi, me ā rātou ake kai."
"In the past, the population of New Zealand was used to eating European dry foods, namely meat, potatoes, and cups of tea.","I mua, kua waia kē te taupori o Aotearoa te kai ngā kai maroke a te Pākehā, arā te mīti, te rīwai, te kapu tī."
"New arrivals from Europe; others set up restaurants, eateries, and shops.","Ka tau mai ngā tauhōu o Ūropi; ko ētahi ka whakatū whare kai, wāhi kai, toa hoki."
"The climate of New Zealand is similar to that of the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the climate of northern Europe, and vegetables such as eggplant, zucchini, and garlic are widely grown; below are cabbages, turnips and carrots, and most of Britain's food.","He rite te āhuarangi o Aotearoa ki tērā i ngā whenua karapoti i te moana o Mediterranean, kāpā ki te āhuarangi o te raki o Ūropi, whai anō kua kaha te kainga o ngā huawhenua pēnei i te eggplant, zucchini, garlic; kei raro e putu ana te kāpeti, te pūputi me te kāroti, tae rawa ki te nuinga o ngā kai o Peretānia."
"New Zealanders are a traveling people; they see and taste many kinds of food from around the world; in addition to the many immigrants who arrive from Asia and other regions with their different cuisines, the people of New Zealand enjoy different cuisines from around the world.","He iwi haere te iwi o Aotearoa; ka kite rātou, ka rongo rātou i te maha o ngā momo kai o te ao; tāpiri atu ki te tini manene ka tau mai Āhia me ētahi atu rohe me ā rātou tūmomo kai, ka toro te iwi o Aotearoa ki ngā tūmomo kai o te ao."
"By the early 2000s, New Zealand's culinary experts had reached international standards, and New Zealand's cuisine was well known.","Tae ana ki te tīmatanga o te rau tau 2000, kua eke ngā tohunga tunu kai o Aotearoa ki ngā taumata i te ao, kua hau hoki te rongo mō ngā kai o Aotearoa."
"Wine production is growing rapidly, and there are many types of food.","Kei te kaha te tipu o ngā mahi wāina, kua nui ngā momo kai."
"There are more than 2000 food companies that produce cheese, oil, honey, ice cream, and other delicious foods for sale in New Zealand and abroad.","Neke atu i te e 2000 ngā umanga kai e mahi ana i te tīhi, te hinu, te honi, te aihikirīmi, te aha atu o ngā kai tino rawe hei hoko ki Aotearoa, ki tāwāhi hoki."
Restaurant,Whare kai
Restaurants and cafés have spread.,Kua hōrapa ngā wharekai me ngā wāhi inu kawhe.
"New Zealand has the most delicious food in the world, such as fusion cuisine, Pacific Rim.","Kei Aotearoa ngā kai reka rawa o te ao, pērā i ngā momo kai fusion, Pacific Rim."
"In the 1960s, burgers and parehs arrived in New Zealand.",Nō te tekau tau atu i 1960 ka tae te pākī me te parehe ki Aotearoa.
In 1971 Kentucky Fried (now KFC) stores opened; followed by Pizza Hut (1974) and McDonald's (1976).,I te tau 1971 ka tuwhera ngā toa o Kentucky Fried (KFC ināianei); whai muri ko Pizza Hut (1974) me Makitānara (1976).
"However, a 2001 survey showed that fish and chips are still the most popular food.","Heoi, nā tētahi tatauranga i te tau 2001 i whakaatu ko te ika me te kotakota rīwai (fish and chips) tonu te ō rangaranga e hiahiatia rawatia ana."
This food originated in Britain.,I ahu mai tēnei kai i Peretānia.
Various drinks,Ngā momo inu
"By the late 1900s, beer had long been the most popular drink for New Zealand men.","Tatū ki ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1900, kua roa kē, ko te pia te waipiro nui ki ngā tāne o Aotearoa."
"Wine is favored because of people going abroad, the arrival of immigrants and their wine; and the development of the New Zealand wine industry.","Ka manakotia te wāina, nā te haere o te tangata ki tāwāhi, te taunga mai o ngā manene me ā rātou wāina; te whanaketanga hoki o te kaipakihi wāina o Aotearoa."
Alcohol consumption doubled from 1975 to 2003.,I huarua te inu i te wāina atu i te tau 1975 ki te tau 2003.
There are a lot of wine sales in Tai.,He nui ngā hokonga wāina ki tai.
"In the beginning, the news spread about New Zealand's white wines, such as sauvignon blanc from Te Wairau (Marlborough).","I te tīmatanga ka hau te rongo mō ngā wāina mā o Aotearoa, pērā i te sauvignon blanc mai Te Wairau (Marlborough)."
"In the early years of the 2000s, pinot noir became popular.","Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau atu i 2000, ka rongohia te reka o te pinot noir."
"Most of the wineries in New Zealand are small, unlike the wineries on the mainland.","Pakupaku noa iho te nuinga o ngā whare wāina o Aotearoa, kāore i pērā i ngā whare wāina ki tai."
"After World War II, the first coffee shops opened.","Whai muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka tuwhera ngā toa hoko kawhe tuatahi."
"By the 1990s, people's attention had shifted to drinking coffee.","Taka rawa ki te tekau tau atu i 1990, kua huri te aronga o te iwi ki te inu kawhe."
"Also, tea is not consumed as much as it was 50 years ago.","Waihoki, kua kore e kaha inumia te tī pērā i ngā tau 50 ki mua."
Clothes,Ngā kākahu
"Back in the 1950's, clothes were a good way to go to parties, church, fun, etc.","Tatū rawa ki te tekau tau atu i 1950, he kākahu pai ngā kākahu mō te haere ki ngā hui, karakia, ngahau, aha noa."
"Men always wear hats outside; women's hats, gloves and bags for formal occasions.","Mau pōtae ngā tāne i waho i ngā wā katoa; he pōtae, karapu, pēke ō ngā wāhine mō ngā wā ōkawa."
"Although years have passed, in 2002 the prime minister, Helen Clark, was accused of wearing trousers to a state party.","Ahakoa te hipa o ngā tau, i te tau 2002 ka whakapaetia te pirimia a Helen Clark mō te mau tarau ki tētahi hākari kāwanatanga."
"By the 2000s, clothing had become more urban-oriented.","Tae ana ki te rau tau 2000, kua rauangi ngā kākahu, hāngai ana ki te tāone."
Young people followed the style of revolutionary clothing.,I whai ngā rangatahi i te momo o ngā kākahu o te ao hurihuri.
"However, the trend of Māori and Pacific peoples can still be seen.","Heoi, ka kitea tonutia te ia o te Māori me ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
A number of New Zealand fashion designers have reached international levels.,Kua eke ētahi kaihoahoa kākahu o Aotearoa ki ngā taumata o te ao.
Page 10.,Whārangi 10.
"Links, external resources","Hononga, rauemi nō waho"
Other links and websites,"Ētahi atu tūhononga, pae tukutuku hoki"
Communitynet New Zealand,Communitynet Aotearoa
Communitynet Aotearoa is an organizer of communities across the country.,He kaiwhakarite a Communitynet Aotearoa i ngā hapori o te motu.
An explanation of his actions.,He whakamārama mō ana mahi.
He has more than 800 links to community websites in the country.,Neke atu i te 800 ana hononga ki ngā pae tukutuku o ngā hapori o te motu.
Human Rights Commission,Te Kāhui Tika Tangata
"In 1978, the Folklore Society was created.",Nō te tau 1978 ka waihangahia te Kāhui Tikanga Tangata.
"Its objectives are to promote equal rights in the community, to oppose actions against people based on their identity; his tribe; gender; married or single; having sex with a man or woman; his age; if disabled; what he believes in, political party.","Ko ana kaupapa ko te whakatairanga i te mana ōrite ki waenganui i te hapori, te ātete i ngā mahi aukati i te tangata i runga i tōna tuakiri; tōna iwi; ira tangata; mārena, takakau rānei; moe tāne, wahine rānei; tōna pakeke; mehemea he hauā; tāna e whakapono ai, rōpū tōrangapū."
"Here you will find all the educational resources related to history, media, an article, links to other web sites.","Kei konei ngā rauemi mātauranga katoa e pā ana ki ngā hītori, ngā pāhotanga, tētahi pānui, ngā hononga ki pae tukutuku kē."
Ministry of Education,Te Tohutohu o te Mātauranga
"The Ministry of Education supports parents, teachers and school administrators so that they get the most out of education.","Ka tautoko te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga i ngā mātua, i ngā kaiako me ngā kaiwhakahaere kura kia tino whiwhi painga rātou i te mātauranga."
"This site contains information on the national curriculum, awards, school management, various policy papers, guidelines and reports.","Kei tēnei pae ngā kōrero mō te marautanga ā-motu, ngā tohu, te whakahaere kura, ngā pepa kaupapa here maha, ngā aratohu me ngā pūrongo."
Some online resources include the New Zealand Education Gazette and a list of guidelines for educational institutions.,Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi ā-ipurangi ko te Kāheti Mātauranga  o Aotearoa me tētahi rārangi aratohu mō ngā whare mātauranga.
"There are also links to related sites, including The Online Learning Center.","Kei reira hoki ētahi hononga ki ngā pae whai pānga, tae atu ki  Te Kete Ipurangi – The Online Learning Centre."
Ministry of Health,Manatū Hauora
"The role of the Ministry of Health is to create policies related to health issues, manage health laws and finances, and manage health services in the country.","Ko te mahi a te Manatū Hauora he waihanga kaupapa here e pā ana ki ngā take hauora, he whakahaere i ngā ture me ngā pūtea hauora, he whakahaere hoki i ngā ratonga hauora ki te motu."
"Here you will find news about the health sector in New Zealand, messages, current affairs and various electronic publications.","Kei konei e whakaatuhia ana ngā pārongo mō te pou tarāwaho o te rāngai hauora o Aotearoa, ngā karere, ngā take o te rā, ngā tūmomo whakaputanga ā-rorohiko."
"There are also articles on health issues, a list of electronic libraries, and links to other websites.","Kei konei anō ngā pānui mō ngā take hauora, he rārangi whare pukapuka ā-rorohiko, he hononga hoki ki pae tukutuku kē."
Ministry of Social Development,Te Manatū Whakahiato Ora
The Ministry of Sustainable Development is responsible for research projects related to society.,Ko Te Manatū Whakahiato Ora te kaikawe i ngā kaupapa rangahau e pā ana ki te hapori.
"He is also the director of the Ministry of Youth, the Department of Disability Affairs, the Department of Elderly, the Department of Community and the Voluntary Sector.","Ko ia anō te kaiwhakahaere i te Manatū Taiohi, te Tari Mō Ngā Take Hauātanga, te Tari Kaumātua, te Tari mō te Hapori me te Wāhanga Tūao."
He also established the Family Commission.,Nāna anō i whakatū te Kōmihana ā Whānau.
"There are links to all these websites, research papers.","He hononga ki ēnei pae tukutuku katoa, ngā pepa rangahau."
Ministry of Transport,Te Manatū Waka
"The Ministry of Transport advises the government on transport matters and is the manager of the transport sector of the Crown's properties, namely the New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority, the Air Defense Authority, the New Zealand Land Transport Authority.","Ko te Manatū Waka te kai tohutohu i te kāwanatanga mō ngā kaupapa waka, koia hoki te kaiwhakahaere i te rāngai waka o ngā taonga o te Karauna, arā, te Mana Rererangi Tūmatanui o Aotearoa, te Kaiwhakamaru Rererangi, Te Mana Marutau Waka Whenua o Aotearoa, te Kaitiaki Haumaru Rori, Ararau Aotearoa me Arataki Aotearoa."
", the Road Safety Authority, Roads New Zealand and Guidance New Zealand.","He hononga ki ētahi atu pae tukutuku, ngā whakaputanga ā-rorohiko, whakaputanga pāpāho, tārua tōmua o te pānui a te manatū."
Ministry of Women's Affairs,Minitatanga mō ngā Wāhine
"The ministry is responsible for carrying out research on women's rights in New Zealand, and providing policy planning to the government for restrictions on women.","Ko tā te manatū nei he kawe i ngā rangahau e pā ana ki te mana wahine ki Aotearoa, he whakarato whakamaherehere ki te kāwanatanga mō ngā aukatinga i te wahine."
"Here are research reports, statistics, portfolio lists of national women's organizations, newsletters and web site links.","Kei konei ngā pūrongo rangahau, tatauranga, rārangi kōpaki mō ngā whakahaerenga wāhine ā-motu, pānui tuku me ngā hononga pae tukutuku."
newzealand.,newzealand.
com: the official site for New Zealand travel & business,com: the official site for New Zealand travel & business
Here is information about New Zealand as a good place for tourism.,Kei konei ngā kōrero mō Aotearoa he wāhi pai mō te wae tāpoi.
"There is also information about the people of New Zealand, history, culture, society and environment.","He kōrero anō mō ngā iwi o Aotearoa, te hītori, ahurea, hapori, taiao."
New Zealand Heritage,Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho o Aotearoa
This website is owned by the Ministry of Finance.,Nā Te Manatū Taonga tēnei pae tukutuku.
"Here is information about the history of New Zealand, historical information about the behavior and customs of the community, links to other web sites.","Kei konei he kōrero mō te hītori o Aotearoa, ngā kōrero hītori e pā ana ki ngā whanonga me ngā tikanga o te hapori, ngā hononga ki ētahi atu pae tukutuku."
Dictionary of New Zealand Biography,Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau
This website contains biographies of famous New Zealanders from 1769 to 1960.,Kei tēnei pae tukutuku ngā haurongo mō ngā tāngata rongonui o Aotearoa mai i te tau 1769 ki te tau 1960.
This will help people understand the history of New Zealand better.,Mā konei mārama ake ai te tangata ki te hītori o Aotearoa.
You must select 'Search' and 'Job' if you want to find someone who has done a specific job.,"Me tohu koe i te ‘Āta kimi’, me te ‘Mahi’ mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te kimi i tētahi tangata i mahi i tētahi tūmomo mahi."
In the section 'Toitū te earthua toitū te tangata' there are historical displays about the people of New Zealand.,Kei te wāhanga ‘Toitū te whenua toitū te tangata’ ngā whakaaturanga hītori e pā ana ki te iwi o Aotearoa.
Ministry of Māori Development,Te Puni Kōkiri
Te Puni Kōkiri is the government's chief adviser on Māori affairs.,Ko Te Puni Kōkiri te kaitohutohu matua o te kāwanatanga ki ngā take Māori.
That is to develop important programs for Māori.,"Ko tāna, he whakawhanake i ngā hōtaka nui mā te Māori."
"Here you will find information about the activities of Te Puni Kōkiri, information about the life of the Māori, kaupapa, the management of this office, movements in the world of business and society.","Kei konei ngā whakamārama mō ngā mahi a Te Puni Kōkiri, ngā pārongo mō te noho a te Māori, ngā kaupapa, te whakahaere o tēnei tari, ngā nekeneke i te ao pakihi, hapori hoki."
"Resources, web site links, and readings are also available here.","Kei konei hoki ngā rauemi, hononga pae tukutuku, ngā pānui."
Department of Labour,Te Tari Mahi
"New immigrants, job search, employment relations, and prevention of work disability fall under the administration of the Department of Labor.","Ka taka ki raro i ngā whakahaerenga o te Tari Mahi ngā manene tauhōu, te rapu mahi, te whakawhanaunga ā-mahi, te ārai hauata mahi."
"It includes information about their services, programs, publications and information.","Kei roto ko ngā whakamārama mō ā rātou ratonga, kaupapa, whakaputanga, pārongo hoki."
The Department of Statistics,Te Tari Tatau
The Census Bureau is a government agency.,He tari kāwanatanga a te Tari Tatau.
Their job is to collect statistics for New Zealand.,Ko tā rātou mahi he kohikohi i ngā tatauranga mō Aotearoa.
"Here are statistics (economics) about the country's finances, industries and trade trends of New Zealanders.","Kei konei ngā tatauranga (ōhanga) mō ngā pūtea o te motu, ngā ahumahi me ngā ia hokohoko a ngā tāngata o Aotearoa."
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
The purpose of this government website is to provide education.,He tuku mātauranga te kaupapa a tēnei pae tukutuku a te kāwanatanga.
"Here are sections of the street, schedules, history of the street, and web site links.","Kei konei ngā wāhanga o te tiriti, ngā wātaka, te hītori o te tiriti, taea rawa ki ngā tūhonohono pae tukutuku."
Hawaii - a real place?,Hawaiki – he wāhi tūturu?
Is there a secret place?,He wāhi muna rānei?
Hawaii is the actual place where the Māori came from.,Ko Hawaiki te wāhi tūturu i ahu mai ai te Māori.
Legend has it that the first people to New Zealand came from Hawaii.,"E kī ana te kōrero, ko ngā tāngata tuatahi ki Aotearoa i rere mai i Hawaiki."
"In Māori mythology, Hawaii is said to be the place where Io te Ira Maurangi created the world and the first people.",Kei roto i ngā pūrākau a te Māori te kōrero e kī ana ko Hawaiki te wāhi hangaia ai e Io te Ira Maurangi ngā ao me ngā tāngata tuatahi.
That is the origin of each person and that is also where the person dies.,"Koirā te takenga o ia tāngata ā, koirā te wāhi hoki ai te tangata ka mate ia."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
The origin of biology,Te takenga o te koiora
Hawaiki has a very important place in Māori stories.,He tino nui te wāhi ki Hawaiki i roto i ngā kōrero a te Māori.
"Hear songs, sayings, whakapapa, the name of Hawaiki.","Ka rongo i ngā waiata, ngā whakataukī, ngā whakapapa, te ingoa o Hawaiki."
"According to Māori, their ancestors crossed the Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to New Zealand.","E ai ki te Māori, i whakawhiti ō rātou tīpuna i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa mai i Hawaiki kia tae ki Aotearoa."
Hawaii is where people are born and where they die.,"Ko Hawaiki te wāhi whānau mai ai te tangata, te wāhi hoki ai ia ina mate."
Hawaiki is a metaphor for wealth and power.,Ko Hawaiki he kupu whakarite mō te ihi me te mana.
It is a hidden place where people turn into birds and descend into the Night.,"He wāhi huna, ka huri te tangata hei manu, ka heke iho ki te Pō."
The home of the gods,Te kāinga o ngā atua
"According to legend, Hawaiki was created by Io.","E ai ki ngā kōrero, nā Io a Hawaiki i auaha."
"Where the gods live in Hawaiki, it is possible to reach the god Māui hīanga; stories about him spread throughout the Pacific.","Noho ai ngā atua ki Hawaiki, taea rawa atu ki te tipua rā a Māui hīanga; puta noa i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ngā kōrero mōna."
The first woman was molded in the sand in Hawaii.,I pokepokea te wahine tuatahi ki te one i Hawaiki.
Where is Hawaii?,Kei hea a Hawaiki?
The question is on the lips of the Māori from the European; where is hawaii?,Ko te pātai kei ngā ngutu o te tangata Māori mai Pākehā mai; kei hea a Hawaiki?
I don't know where this land is.,Kāore i te mōhio kei hea ake te whenua nei.
Is Hawaii a real place or just a story?,"He tino wāhi a Hawaiki, he kōrero noa iho rānei?"
"Some people talk about Hawaiki, they talk about Rā'iātea (Rangiātea in Māori), an island in Tahiti.","Ka kōrero ētahi mō Hawaiki, ka kōrero mō Rā’iātea (Rangiātea ki te Māori), he moutere i Tahiti."
Rangiātea is a place of its own and a spiritual place.,"He wāhi ake, he wāhi wairua hoki a Rangiātea."
"Some argue that Māori came from the Pacific, India or Mesopotamia.","Ka whakapae ētahi i ahu mai te Māori i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, i Īnia, i Mesopotamia rānei."
"According to today's tohunga, it must be difficult to determine where Hawaiki is, as it is also included in folk tales.","Hei tā ngā tohunga o ēnei rā, me uaua te whakatau ko hea te wāhi nei a Hawaiki, i te mea kei roto hoki i ngā pūrākau a te iwi."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Hawaii itself,Te tikanga ake o Hawaiki
The origin and solution of biology,Te takenga me te otinga o te koiora
"Māori have a lot of history, stories and traditions about Hawaiki.","He nui ngā hītori, ngā pūrākau me ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori e pā ana ki Hawaiki."
"These stories are similarly placed in moetatea, proverbs and whakapapa stories.","He rite te whakanoho o ngā kōrero nei ki roto i ngā mōteatea, ngā whakataukī me ngā kōrero whakapapa."
"For example, the parents of a child who has just been born into the light world admire this:","Hei tauira, he whakamihi tēnei nā ngā mātua o te tamaiti kātahi nei ka whānau ki te ao mārama:"
"My little one, you have graduated from art school in Hawaii.","E taku pōtiki, kua puta mai rā koe i te toi i Hawaiki."
"In the same way, diseases are said to be prophesied by the oracles as follows:","Waihoki, ka poroporoakitia pēneitia ngā mate e ngā waha kōrero:"
"Oh dear, go to Hawaiki,","E ngā mate, haere ki Hawaiki,"
"to big Hawaiki, to long Hawaiki, to remote Hawaiki.","Ki Hawaiki nui, ki Hawaiki roa, ki Hawaiki pāmamao."
This is why Hawaiki is said to be a collection of diseases.,Nō konei kōrerohia ai a Hawaiki ko te huinga o ngā mate.
"According to the old story, Hawaiki is the place of origin of man.","Hei tā te kōrero o mua, ko Hawaiki te wāhi takea mai ai te tangata."
That's why Hawaii plays an important role in people's lives.,Nā reira he wāhi nui kei Hawaiki i te koiora o te tangata.
Hawaii - the land of the ishi,Hawaiki – te taunga o te ihi
These biographical details are only a small part of the overall story of this complex concept.,He wāhi iti noa ēnei kōrero mō te koiora o te tangata i roto i te kōrero whānui e pā ana ki tēnei ariā whīwhiwhi.
"Some traditions say that Hawaiki is a physical land, the land where Māori came from before they came to New Zealand.","Ka kī ētahi kōrero tuku iho he whenua kikokiko a Hawaiki, te whenua i ahu mai ai te Māori i mua i tana taenga ki Aotearoa."
"Some say that Hawaiki has an effect on the compass points, say the eastern key;","Kei ētahi e kōrero ana he pānga tō Hawaiki ki ngā tohu kāpehu, me kī o te rāwhiti; waihoki, ka kōrerohia e rātou he moutere a Hawaiki kei Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa."
"Otherwise, they say that Hawaiki is an island in the Pacific Ocean.",E whakapono ana ētahi atu kei Aotearoa tonu a Hawaiki.
"All of these traditions say that Hawaiki is a source of energy, renewal, and creation - the source and beginning of life.","Ko ēnei kōrero tuku iho katoa e kī ana ko Hawaiki he pūnga o te ihi, o te mana whakahōu, o te orokohanga - te pūnga me te tīmatanga o te koiora."
"Hawaiki is the main land of heroes in tribal legends, such as Māui, Tāwhaki, Tiki, and Rātā.","Ko Hawaiki te whenua matua o ngā toa o roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngā iwi, pēnei i a Māui, a Tāwhaki, a Tiki, a Rātā hoki."
"Many of them stayed in Hawaii, and their work set an example for generations to come.","Ka noho rātou ko te tokomaha ki Hawaiki, ko ā rātou mahi hei tauira mā ngā whakatipuranga ka whai."
A model for people,He tauira mō te tangata
"For many generations, Hawaiki has stood as an example of all that is good, all that is strong, all that is love in the Māori's view of their world.","I roto i ngā whakatipuranga maha, kua tū a Hawaiki hei tauira pūrākau mō ngā mea pai katoa, kaha katoa, aroha katoa i te tirohanga a te Māori ki tōna ao."
"It can be seen in the following sentence, the important role of traditional stories about Hawaiki to the generations over the years, as the basis of life, as an example of how to live in the world:","Ka kitea i roto i te rerenga kōrero e whai ake nei, te wāhi nui o ngā kōrero tuku iho mō Hawaiki ki ngā whakatipuranga i roto i ngā tau, hei pūtakenga o te ora, hei tauira mō te noho ki te ao nei:"
It's not a new hole: it's from Hawaii.,Ehara i te mea poka hōu mai: nō Hawaiki mai anō.
Hawaiki is an important place because it is where you can experience and experience the full range of life and lifestyle for the first time.,"He wāhi nui a Hawaiki i te mea hei reira wawatatia ai, rongohia tuatahitia ai te whānuitanga o te koiora me te oranga."
"Hawaiki is the selling point and origin of biology, the core of the program.","Ko Hawaiki te whakaaturanga hokoi me te takenga mai o te koiora, te pūnga o te kaupapa."
Hawaiki is the place where human life is established and its essence is found.,"Ko Hawaiki te wāhi whakapūmautia ai te oranga tangata, kitea ai hoki tōna tino."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
The home of the gods,Te kāinga o ngā atua
Creation,Te orokohanga
"Hawaiki is a place of chaos: people turn into birds, fish gather to fight, spirits ascend into the night and descend into the sky.","He wāhi pōrehurehu a Hawaiki: ka huri te tangata hei manu, ka hui ngā ika hei taua, piki ake ana ngā wairua ki te pō, heke iho ana ki te ao o te rangi."
"Hawaiki is a tūranhakoa, the resting place of the gods, the place where the gods do their magic.","Ko Hawaiki he tūrangahakoa, te okiokinga o ngā atua, te wāhi mahi ai ngā atua i ā rātou mahi mīharo."
This is what Māori Minister Marsden said about Io te Ira Maurangi:,"Koinei ngā kōrero a Minita Māori Marsden, e pā ana ki a Io te Ira Maurangi:"
"In the dark night, Io created the Hawaiki: Hawaiki- nui , Hawaiki- roa , Hawaiki- pāmamao , Hawaiki-tapu , that is, the place that Io set as his home and for those who help him.","I te pō kākarauri ka hangaia e Io ngā Hawaiki: ko Hawaiki- nui, ko Hawaiki- roa, ko Hawaiki- pāmamao, ko Hawaiki-tapu, arā te wāhi whakaritea ai e Io hei kāinga mōna, mō te hunga āwhina hoki i a ia."
Hawaiki was inhabited by gods and goddesses.,Nōhia ai a Hawaiki e ngā atua me ngā tipua.
But Hawaiki-tapu is dedicated only to Io.,"Engari a Hawaiki-tapu, whakatapua rawa ki a Io anake."
"Other Hawaiians are sacred, however, in ancient times people did not speak them, they were called in these words, Tawhiti-nui , Tawhiti-roa , Tawhiti-pāmamao .","He tapu hoki ētahi atu o ngā Hawaiki, heoi, i ngā wā onamata kāore i kōrerohia e te tangata, huaina kētia ki roto ki ēnei kupu arā, Tawhiti-nui, Tawhiti-roa, Tawhiti-pāmamao."
Hineahuone,Hineahuone
"According to another story, Hawaiki is the place where man was born.",E ai ki tētahi atu kōrero ko Hawaiki te wāhi i oroko mai te tangata.
The following information was provided by Hūkiki Te Ahukaramū:,Nā Hūkiki Te Ahukaramū ngā kōrero e whai ake nei:
"It was daylight, Tane-nui-a-a-rangi said to his wife.","Ka awatea te rā, ka mea a Tāne-nui-a-rangi, ki te wahine māna."
"Papa said, 'Go to Hine-tua-oni, and you will cultivate it so that it can be grown.' … It is done, and then it comes out as a person.","Ka kī atu a Papa, ‘Haere ki a Hine-tua-oni, ahuwhenua e koe kia whakatangatatia.’ … Ka mahia, kātahi ka puta mai hei tangata."
Left,Māui
"Māui is one of Hawaiki's most famous people, and a well-known legend throughout the Pacific.","Ko Māui tētahi o ngā tino tāngata o Hawaiki, he tipua rongonui puta noa i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa."
"Māui was cruel and famous for his great deeds, such as catching the sun, fishing the islands, transforming into a bird and following his father to the underworld.","He nanakia a Māui, i puta te rongo mō ana mahi nui, pērā i tana hopu i te rā, tana hī ake i ngā moutere, tana huringa hei manu me tana whai i tōna matua ki rarohenga."
"As Māui continued to gain popularity, it remained a pillar of art, kapa haka, literary and oral history.","I te mea rongonuihia tonuhia a Māui, ka noho tonu a ia hei pou mō ngā mahi toi, ngā mahi kapa haka, ngā tuhituhinga kōrero me ngā kōrero ā-waha."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Location and links,Te wāhi me ngā hononga
Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean,Kei Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa a Hawaiki
Many generations of Māori have wondered where Hawaii is.,He nui ngā whakatipuranga Māori kua whakaaro kei hea te whenua o Hawaiki.
"With the arrival of Europeans and the establishment of communication channels with the peoples of the Pacific Islands, this dream was revived in the late 1800s and early 1800s.","Nō te taenga mai o te Pākehā me te whakatūnga o ngā huarahi whakapā kōrero ki ērā o ngā iwi kei ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ka whakaarahia anōtia tēnei wawata i te paunga o te rau tau 1800 me te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1900."
1900.,"I te tau 1929 i tuhia e Ōriwa Haddon, he kaumātua nō Taranaki, tētahi reta e kōrero ana mō tana haerenga ki Tahiti, ki reira akona ai ia ki te ōritetanga o ngā kōrero tuku iho o Aotea waka ki ērā o Tahiti."
Hawaii and Rangiātea,Hawaiki me Rangiātea
Rangiātea is an old name and has a close connection to Hawaii.,"He ingoa tawhito a Rangiātea, he pānga tata tōna ki Hawaiki."
As this old saying goes:,E ai ki tēnei kōrero nō mua:
Let the nose appear in Rangiātea.,Kia puta te ihu ki Rangiātea.
This is a command for people to reach their own level and fulfill their potential.,"He whakahau tēnei kia eke te tangata ki ōna ake taumata, kia tutuki e ia ōna ake pūmanawa."
"Rangiātea is similar to Hawaii, in other words, it is seen as a physical land, a spiritual land - a source of knowledge about the origin of life.","He rite a Rangiātea ki Hawaiki arā, ka tirohia anō he whenua kikokiko, he whenua wairua - he puna mātauranga mō te takenga mai o te oranga."
"In the story of Tane's ascension into the autumn sky for two, Io gives him the baskets of the wānanga.","I roto i ngā kōrero mō te kakenga a Tāne ki te rangi ngahuru mā rua, ka hoatu e Io ngā kete o te wānanga ki a ia."
"The baskets hang inside Rangiātea, the first university in the world.","E iri ana ngā kete ki roto i a Rangiātea, te whare wānanga tuatahi ki te ao."
The name Rangiātea has been applied to many places.,Kua tapaina te ingoa Rangiātea ki ngā wāhi maha.
"Some sources say that the island of Ra'iātea, a region in Tahiti, is Rangiātea.","E kī ana ētahi kōrero ko te moutere o Ra‘iātea, takiwā ki Tahiti a Rangiātea."
"Tūrongo, the ancestor of Ngāti Raukawa, named his palace on the other side of Otorohanga, Rangiātea.","Tapaina ai e Tūrongo, te tipuna o Ngāti Raukawa tōna wharenui i kō atu o Ōtorohanga, ko Rangiātea."
The famous place that bears this name is the church of Rangiātea in Ōtaki.,Ko te wāhi rongonui e mau ana te ingoa nei ko te whare karakia o Rangiātea ki Ōtaki.
A Christian church was built on the site where a church had previously stood.,I whakatūria te whare karakia Karaitiana ki te wāhi i reira tētahi tūāhu e tū ana i mua.
The power and sanctity of Rangiātea has been planted in these places.,Inā te mana me te tapu o Rangiātea kua whakatōngia ki ēnei wāhi.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Theories about Hawaii,Ngā ariā mō Hawaiki
Explanations of previous skills,Ngā whakamāramatanga a ngā pūkenga o mua
"When European scholars began to look deeply into the traditional stories of the tribes, some of them were fascinated by the stories about Hawaii.","Nō te tīmatanga o te titiro hōhonu a ngā pūkenga Pākehā ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngā iwi, mīharo rawa ētahi o rātou ki ngā kōrero mō Hawaiki."
"Due to the fact that each tribe has a story about Hawaiki, some of them tried to find a wide range of understanding about this topic.","Nā runga i te mea he kōrero kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi mō Hawaiki, i whakamātau ētahi o rātou kia rapu i te whānuitanga o te māramatanga mō tēnei kaupapa."
"One of these skills is S. Percy Smith , the first head of the Polynesian Society.","Ko tētahi o ēnei pūkenga ko S. Percy Smith, te tumuaki tuatahi o te Rōpū Poronihiana (Polynesian Society)."
He has written many articles on folklore and tribal history.,He maha āna tuhinga mō ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā hītori a ngā iwi.
"In his book Hawaiki, the original homeland of the Māori (1904), Smith laid out his theories about Hawaiki itself.","I roto i tana pukapuka a Hawaiki, the original homeland of the Māori (1904), ka takoto e Smith āna ariā mō te wāhi ake o Hawaiki."
"He mentions the islands of Sava'ii in Samoa, Hawaii and Java in Indonesia as Hawaiki.","Ka whakahuatia e ia ngā moutere o Sava’ii i Hāmoa, a Hawaii me Java i Initonīhia hei Hawaiki."
"According to Smith, by carefully analyzing the traditional stories of the Māori it can be concluded that the Māori came from Hawaiki.","Ki a Smith, mā te āta tātari i ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori ka taea te whakatau i ahu mai te Māori i Hawaiki."
"In his time, this was a research method that was actively pursued by many scholars, both Māori and European, in particular, they were happy with his decisions.","I tōna wā, he huarahi rangahau tēnei i kaha te whāia e te tokomaha o ngā pūkenga, Māori mai Pākehā mai, otirā, i hiamo rātou ki ana whakataunga."
Other theories about the origin of the Māori,Ētahi atu ariā mō te takenga mai o te Māori
"After the publication of Smith's book, many books were published that suspected that the migrations of the people of Te Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa came from the east, from the great land of Asia.","Nō muri o te whakaputa i te pukapuka a Smith ka rahi ngā pukapuka i whakaputangia e whakapae ana ko ngā heke o ngā tangata o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i ahu mai i te rāwhiti, i te whenua rahi o Āhia ."
"Based on these analyzes based on Māori tradition, theories such as this one suggest that a 'kahupapa waka' came to New Zealand from the middle of the Pacific Ocean.","Nā runga i ēnei tātaritanga i taketake mai i ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori, ka hua ngā ariā pēnei i tēnei e kī ana i ahu mai tētahi ‘kahupapa waka’ i tae ki Aotearoa mai i te pokapū o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa."
-Quiet.,"Arā noa atu ngā kōrero a ētahi kaituhi e whakapae ana kei te whenua rahi o Īnia, kei te whenua o Mesopotamia rā anō – kei te takiwā e kīia nei i ēnei rā ko Īrāki – te kāinga tūturu o te Māori."
"There are other authors who suspect that the land of India, or even Mesopotamia - in the area known today as Iraq - was the original home of the Māori.",Hei tauira te pukapuka a Alfred K.
For example Alfred K.,"Newman, Who are the Māoris ?"
"Newman 's book , Who are the Māoris ? (1912) for writings arguing that Māori originated from India.",(1912) mō ngā tuhituhinga e tohe ana ko Īnia te pūtakenga o te Māori.
Current research,Ngā rangahautanga o ēnei rā
There are many stories today that contradict Smith's methods.,He maha ngā kōrero i ēnei rā e whakahē ana i ngā tikanga a Smith.
Orbell made two challenges in his book Hawaiki: A new approach to Māori tradition (1985).,E rua ngā wero a Orbell i roto i tana pukapuka a Hawaiki: A new approach to Māori tradition (1985).
"First, he says that it is not right to look at traditional stories as real history.","Tuatahi, e kī ana ia kāore i te tika kia tirohia ngā kōrero tuku iho anō hei hītori tūturu."
"He suspects that when the Europeans arrived, the traditional stories of the tribes had already become legends.","E whakapae ana ia i te taenga mai o te Pākehā, kua pūrākau kē ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngā iwi."
"In his view, the 'memories' of the main land in the Pacific transform over time into a story.",Ki tāna titiro ko ngā ‘maharatanga’ o te whenua matua i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ka huri i roto i te wā hei pūrākau.
"Therefore, it is better to look at the traditional stories of the tribes as a reference to past movements, not the reality.","Nā reira he pai ake kia tirohia ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngā iwi hei tohu noa iho ki ngā nekenekehanga o mua, ehara ko te tūturutanga."
"Second, Orbell says Smith is too quick to push the ball to the sideline.","Tuarua, hei tā Orbell he tere rawa a Smith mā ki te pītahitahi i ngā maioro ki te taha."
"According to Orbell: 'The problem is, because they look at the information wrongly and are just trying to figure it out, the topic has become empty .","Hei tā Orbell: ‘Ko te raru kē, nā te hē o tā rātou titiro ki ngā kōrero me te kimikimi noa, kua noho noa te kaupapa … kāore he kiko’ (w."
.. without substance' (w. 8).,8).
"In 1835 the leaders signed the Declaration of the Sovereignty of New Zealand, confirming the power of New Zealand.","I te tau 1835 ka hainatia e ngā rangatira Te Whakaputanga o Te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni, e whakaū ana i te kaha o te mana o Aotearoa."
"The English version was written by a British officer, based on whispers that a Frenchman was about to set himself up as king of New Zealand.","I tuhia te whakaputanga reo Pākehā e tētahi āpiha o Ingarangi, i runga anō i ngā kōhimuhimu tērā tētahi tangata Wīwī e anga ana ki te whakatū i a ia anō hei kīngi mō Aotearoa."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
"From the beginning of the 1800s, traders, hunters, and settlers came to New Zealand, since New Zealand was a British colony.","Mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1800 ka taetae mai ngā kaihoko, ngā kaipatu wēra, me ngā manene noho ki Aotearoa, inā hoki he koroni a Niu Tīreni nā Ingarangi."
Due to the behavior of some Europeans and the weakness of the law to set up the rules of operation Te Pūhipi (James Busby) was sent as 'Regent'.,Nā ngā whanonga a ētahi Pākehā me te ngoikore o te ture ki te whakarite i ngā ture whakahaere ka tonoa ko Te Pūhipi (James Busby) hei ‘Rehireneti’.
Te Pūhipi landed in Waitangi in 1833.,Nō te tau 1833 ka tau a Te Pūhipi ki Waitangi.
The Flag of the Gathering of Ngā Hapū,Te Haki o te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū
"According to the law of the countries of the world, the ships of the country must have a separate flag.","Ko te ture ia o ngā whenua o te ao, ma whai haki motuhake ngā kaipuke o mea whenua, o mea whenua."
There was no New Zealand flag at that time.,Kāore kau he haki o Aotearoa  taua wā.
"In 1834, a ship from New Zealand was arrested for not having a flag.","Nō te tau 1834 ka mauheretia tētahi kaipuke nō Aotearoa, i te kore haki."
In March 1834 Te Pūhipi called the leaders to gather on Waitangi to choose a flag for them.,Nō te marama o Maehe i te tau 1834 ka karanga a Te Pūhipi i ngā rangatira kia huihui ki runga o Waitangi ki te whiriwhiri i te haki mō rātou.
"Three flags were spread out in front of them, and the flag chosen was called the flag of the Commonwealth of New Zealand.","E toru ngā haki ka horahia ki mua i a rātou, ā, ka tapaina te haki i kōwhiritia ko te haki o Te Whakaminenga o Niu Tīreni."
Te Pūhipi's wish was to unite the iwi as one.,"Ko te hiahia o Te Pūhipi, mā reira e pūpū ngā iwi kia kotahi."
A Declaration of the Sovereignty of New Zealand,He Whakaputanga o Te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni
"In the 1830s, Britain was worried that France and America would come in and take over this country.",I te tekau tau 1830 ka mānukanuka a Peretānia kei kuhu mai a Wīwī me Amerika ki te tango i tēnei whenua.
"In 1835, Te Pūhipi and the missionaries Te Karuwhā (Henry Williams) and Te Koreneho (William Colenso) wrote the first draft of a book declaring that the leaders of the Māori people were the main leaders of New Zealand.",Nā whai anō i te tau 1835 ka tuhi a Te Pūhipi rātou ko ngā mihinare ko Te Karuwhā (Henry Williams) me Te Koreneho (William Colenso) i te tauira tuatahi o te pukapuka whakatau ko ngā rangatira o te iwi Māori ngā  tino rangatira o Niu Tīreni.
Insider information,Ngā kōrero o roto
It has four parts:,E whā ōna wāhanga:
In the first phase the leaders decided that New Zealand was a sovereign state (a country with independent powers).,I te wāhanga tuatahi ka whakatau ngā rangatira he whenua rangatira a Aotearoa (he whenua whai mana motuhake).
"Under the second stage, the kingdom is in the assembly of all the leaders.","I raro i te wāhanga tuarua, ko te kingitanga kei te whakaminenga o ngā rangatira katoa."
"According to the third part, the conference will be held every fall, to create laws and make decisions.","E ai ki te wāhanga tuatoru ka tū te huihuinga i ia ngahuru i ia ngahuru, ki te waihanga ture, whakatau hoki."
"In the fourth part, it appears that a copy of this publication will be sent to the king of England if he does not become the father of the new family land.","I te wāhanga tuawhā, ka puta te kī ka tukua he kape o tēnei whakaputanga ki te kīngi o Ingarangi me kore ia e tū ia hei matua mō te whenua whānau hou."
After publication,I muri mai i te whakaputanga
The settlement was sent to King William IV and ratified by Britain.,"Ka tukuna te whakataunga ki a Kīngi Wiremu Tuawhā, ā, ka whakamanaia e Peretānia."
In 1839 the settlement was signed by other leaders.,I te tau 1839 ka hainatia te whakataunga e ētahi atu rangatira.
"In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, making New Zealand a British colony.","I te tau 1840 ka hainatia te Tiriti o Waitangi, i huri ai a Aotearoa hei koroni o Peretānia."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Background of the publication,Te papamuri o te whakaputanga
Application of Resignation,Te tononga o te Rehireneti
"In the early 19th century traders, whalers and many immigrants came to New Zealand.","I ngā tau tīmata o te rautau 1800 ka taetae mai ngā kaihoko, ngā kaipatu tohorā me te ttini o te hunga manene ki Aotearoa."
"There is also the concern of the missionaries, and many of the immigrants and Māori people as well about the lawlessness of the country's institutions.","Tērā anō te āwangawanga a te hunga mihinare, a te tini hoki o te hunga manene me ngā iwi Māori hoki ki te noho kore ture o ngā whakahaere o te motu."
We need to establish a government that can find a cure for this disease.,Me whakatū kāwanatanga rawa e tau mai ai he rongoā mō tēnei mate.
"After the arrival of the French ship, La Favorite, in 1830, the Europeans were worried that New Zealand would be attacked by other peoples.","I muri mai ka tau mai te kaipuke Wīwī, a La Favorite, i te tau 1830, ka māharahara ngā Pākehā kei whakaekea a Aotearoa e iwi kē."
In 1831 the 13 leaders of North Tai sent a letter to the king and asked him to forgive them.,I te tau 1831 ka tukua e ngā rangatira 13 o te Tai Tokerau he reta ki te kīngi me te inoi kia whakahaumarutia rātou e ia.
"Their assistant was the missionary, William Yate.","Ko tō rātou kaiāwhina rātou ko te mihinare nei, ko William Yate."
The handover will appoint Te Pūhipi to the position of Regent.,Ko te tukunga iho ka whakatūria a Te Pūhipi ki te tūranga Rehireneti.
"When he arrived in 1833, he did not have enough resources.",I tōna taenga mai i te tau 1833 kāore i nui ōna rauemi.
There is no army and no police to support his activities and his needs.,"Kāore he ope taua, kāore hoki he pirihimana hei tautoko i āna mahi, me ōna hiahia."
"The story about him will be punished, now his position is a navy without guns.","Ka whiua te kōrero mōna, ānō nei he manuao  kāore ōna pū tōna tūranga."
The Flag of the Congregation,Te Haki o Te Whakaminenga
"If New Zealand ships do not have a flag, they may lose their ships, ie their ships, by the officials of other countries.","Mehemea kāore he haki o ngā kaipuke o Aotearoa, tērā pea ka ngaro rātou te muru, arā, ō ratou kaipuke, e ngā āpiha o ētahi atu whenua."
Sir George Murray 's ship Patuone and Taonui was captured and held in Sydney for not having national flags.,"Ko te kaipuke tērā o Patuone rāua ko Taonui a Sir George Murray ka kāwhakina, ā, ka puritia ki Poihākena mō te kore mau haki ā-motu."
Te Pūhipi called for the leaders of the North to choose a flag for this island.,Ka rere te karanga a Te Pūhipi kia kōwhiria mai e ngā rangatira o te Tai Tokerau tētahi haki mō tēnei motu.
"There were three options for them, arranged by Te Karuwhā himself.","E toru ngā kōwhiringa mō rātou, nā Te Karuwhā tonu i whakarite."
"On March 20, 1834, the leaders chose the flag at Waitangi, and it became known as the Whakamininga flag.","Nō te 20 o Maehe 1834 ka kōwhiria e ngā rangatira te haki ki Waitangi, ā, ka mōhiotia ko te haki o te Whakaminenga."
"Honored with the 21st seal, and authorized by the King of England, this is also the flag of ships from New Zealand.","Ka whakahōnoretia ki te tohu waipū rua tekau mā tahi, ā, ka whakamanaia e te kīngi o Ingarangi, koia hoki tēnei te haki o ngā kaipuke mai i Aotearoa."
Te Pūhipi hopes that the Māori people will work together under the auspices of the new flag.,Ko te tūmanako a Te Pūhipi kia mahi tahi ngā iwi Māori ki raro i te maru o te haki hou.
Signing the release,Te hainatanga o te whakaputanga
"In addition to the lawlessness of the country, the French and American hunger strikes in this country are worrying.","I tua atu i te noho kore ture o te motu, ka māharaharatia ngā tiro hiakai mai a Wīwī me Amerika ki tēnei whenua."
"And, in 1834 it was known that the Frenchman Hare Panera Te Tiari (de Thierry) was planning to go to New Zealand to claim the Hokianga region as an independent country.","Ā, i te tau 1834 ka mōhiotia e whakamaherehere ana te Wīwī a Hāre Panera Te Tiari (de Thierry) ki te haramai ki Aotearoa ki te taunaha i te rohe o Hokianga hei whenua motuhake."
Te Pūhipi then brought out the North's manukuras to attack the Whakatupanga.,Kātahi ka huia mai e Te Pūhipi ngā manukura o te Tai Tokerau kia tāmoko i te Whakaputanga.
It was published in October 1835 by a meeting of 34 leaders of Te Tokerau.,Nō te Oketopa 1835 ka tāia e te huihuinga o ngā rangatira 34 o Te Tai Tokerau.
"By 1839, the Whakapatunga was being spread to the people of the island.",Kia tae rawa ki te tau 1839 e heri haeretia ana te Whakaputanga ki ngā iwi o te motu.
There are 52 groups of tattoos.,E 52 tōpū ngā moko.
"Others who signed were the leader of Waikato, Te Redowhero, who would become the Māori king; and Te Hāpuku of Ngāti Kahungunu.","Ko ētahi anō i haina ko te rangatira o Waikato ko Te Wherowhero, meāke ka tū hei kīngi Māori; rāua ko Te Hāpuku o Ngāti Kahungunu."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Ingredients,Ngā Kai o roto
Creating a publication,Te waihanga i te whakaputanga
The first model of the settlement was made by Te Pūhipi (James Busby) and Te Karuwhā (Henry Williams) and Te Koroneho (William Colenso).,"Ko te tauira tuatahi o te whakataunga he mea hanga e Te Pūhipi (James Busby) rātou ko Te Karuwhā (Henry Williams), ko Te Koroneho (William Colenso)."
The resolution was written in te reo Māori and then communicated.,I tuhia te whakataunga ki te reo Māori kātahi ka whakapākehātia.
A comparison of the documents revealed some errors.,Nō te whakatauritetanga o ngā tuhinga ka kitea ētahi hapa.
"On the Māori side, the word 'matou' is used to denote the congregation, and when speaking, the word 'we' is used.","I te taha Māori ka kīia te kupu ‘matou’ hei tohu i te whakaminenga, ā, i te whakapākehātanga ka huaina te kupu ‘we’."
But in other passages the word 'them' is used to refer to the congregation.,Engari i ērā atu wāhanga kua whakamahia te kupu ‘ratou’ hei tohu i te whakaminenga.
The 'wh' was not written in the Māori language of the settlement (or the Treaty of Waitangi).,Kāore i tuhia te ‘wh’ i roto i te reo Māori o te whakataunga (i te Tiriti o Waitangi rānei).
The general name of the resolution is Declaration of Independence of New Zealand.,"Ko te ingoa whānui o te whakataunga ko He w[h]akaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tirene, Declaration of Independence of New Zealand."
Parts of the publication,Ngā wāhanga o te whakaputanga
There are four parts to the settlement.,E whā ngā wāhanga o te whakataunga.
"The first decided that this was a sovereign country, that is, a country with independent rights, and the kingdom was their unity, which they called 'the Wakaminenga o nga Hapu o Nu Tirene'.","Ka whakatau te tuatahi, he whenua rangatira tēnei, arā, he whenua whai mana motuhake, ā, ko te rangatiratanga ki tō rātou kotahitanga, i kīia rā e rātou ko ‘te Wakaminenga o nga Hapu o Nu Tirene’."
The second will determine the 'kingdom' and 'power in the land' to the leaders of the Assembly.,Ko te tuarua ka whakatau ko te ‘kingitanga’ me te ‘mana i te whenua’ ki ngā rangatira o te Whakaminenga.
The rules are for events to create.,Ko ngā ture mā ngā huihuinga hei waihanga.
"Under the third declaration, a conference is scheduled to be held every fall.","I raro i te whakapuaki tuatoru ka whakaritea kia tū he huihuinga i ia ngahuru, i ia ngahuru."
"This will be Parliament that makes laws, judges, enforces peace and regulates trade.","Ka noho ko tēnei hei Pāremata hanga ture, whakawā, whakaū i te rongomau me te whakahaere tauhokohoko."
The congregation also invites the southern Hauraki tribes to join the Whakamininga.,Ka tono hoki te whakaminenga ki ngā iwi whakatetonga o Hauraki kia uru rātou ki te Whakaminenga.
The fourth proclamation was to arrange for a copy of the resolution to be sent to the King of England and to thank him for approving the flag.,Ko tā te whakapuaki tuawhā he whakarite kia tukuna he kape o te whakataunga ki te kīngi o Ingarangi me te mihi ki a ia mōna i whakamana i te haki.
They also thanked him and prayed to him as the father of the small country.,I mihi anō ki a ia me te inoi ki a ia hei matua mō te whenua ririki.
It was sent to King William IV and ratified by Britain.,"Ka tonoa atu ki a Kīngi Wiremu Tuawhā, ā, ka whakamanahia e Peretānia."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
After publication,I muri mai i te whakaputanga
There are different explanations for the origin of the Declaration.,Arā tonu ngā whakamārama rerekē mō te pūtakenga mai o te Whakaputanga.
Some say that Te Pūhipi created the Regency to encourage the leaders to keep the state of the law and live in peace.,E ai ki ētahi nā te Rehireneti nā Te Pūhipi i waihanga hei akiaki i ngā rangatira kia mau ki te āhua o te ture me te noho pai.
"According to others, it was a deliberate choice by the rulers so that they could easily maintain their independence forever.","Ki tā ētahi anō, he mea āta whiriwhiri nā ngā rangatira kia ngāwari ai tā rātou pupuri i te mana motuhake mō ake tonu atu."
"As soon as the Declaration was signed, the conference did not meet.","Taro iho i te hainatanga o te Whakaputanga, kāore noa te huihuinga i hui."
The problem was that some tribes were still fighting at that time.,Ko te raru tonu e whawhai tonu ana ētahi o ngā iwi i taua wā.
Validation of publication,Te whakamana i te whakaputanga
In 1836 Britain ratified the Declaration.,Nō te tau 1836 ka whakamanahia e Peretānia te Whakaputanga.
"Later, the French agreed to the formalization of New Zealand as an independent country under the authority of its Māori rulers.",I muri ka whakaae a Wīwī ki te whakaōkawatanga o Aotearoa hei whenua motuhake ki raro i te mana o ōna rangatira Māori.
"The views of the American National Affairs Select Committee on New Zealand at the time were: 'under the control of the indigenous peoples, and most of them were mined.","Ko ngā whakaaro hoki i taua wā o te Komiti Whiriwhiri Take ā-Motu o Amerika mō Aotearoa: ‘kei raro i te mana o ngā iwi tangata whenua, ā, ko te nuinga i minea mai."
"And on the 28th of October 1835, the treaty establishing their independence was signed under the name of The Assembly of the Tribes of New Zealand.'1","Ā, nō te 28 o Oketopa 1835 ka hainatia te kawenata whakatau i tō rātou mana motuhake i raro i te ingoa o Te Whakaminenga o nga hapu o Niu Tireni.’1"
"The recommendation of New Zealand as an independent country is the reason why England was eager to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, especially to confirm this country as a British colony.","Ko te tūtohunga o Aotearoa hei whenua motuhake te take i hikaka ai a Ingarangi ki te haina i te Tiriti o Waitangi, otirā ki te whakaū i tēnei whenua hei koroni nō Peretānia."
"The first paragraph of the Treaty of Waitangi deals with the leaders of the New Tribes of New Zealand, as well as independent leaders who have not yet signed the Declaration.","Kei te whiti tuatahi o te Tiriti o Waitangi ka pā ngā kōrero ki ngā rangatira o Te Whakaminenga o ngā Hapū o Nū Tīreni, me ngā rangatira motuhake kāore anō kia haina i te Whakaputanga."
Matters relating to the Treaty of Waitangi,Ngā take e pā ana ki te Tiriti o Waitangi
"One of the reasons for the Treaty of Waitangi was the aim of its founders, in the English-speaking part, to strengthen the authority of the Declaration.","Ko tētahi o ngā take o te Tiriti o Waitangi, ko te whai o ana kaiwaihanga, i roto i te wāhanga reo Pākehā kia whakamoanatia te mana o te Whakaputanga."
"Instead of the words of the Declaration, the word 'sovereignty' is used for 'independence'.","Engari i ngā kupu o te Whakaputanga, ka whakamahia te kupu ‘rangatiratanga’ mō te ‘independence’."
"Well, in the Māori language section of the Treaty of 1840, in the second paragraph, sovereignty was granted to Māori.","Kāti, i te wāhanga reo Māori o te Tiriti o 1840, i te whiti tuarua ka whakanōhia te rangatiratanga ki te Māori."
"Similarly, 'sovereignty' was translated into the word 'government'.","Waihoki, i whakamāoritia te ‘sovereignty’ ki te kupu ‘kāwanatanga’."
The words 'king' and 'mana' were not used in the Declaration as a companion to the word 'sovereignty'.,"Kāore tonu i whakamahia ngā kupu i roto kē i te Whakaputanga, arā, te kīngi’ me te ‘mana’ hei hoa mō te kupu ‘sovereignty’."
"This is why the Kotahitanga groups believe that the Declaration and the Treaty are one and the same, that is to say, the purpose of both documents is to confirm sovereignty to the Māori people.","Koinei ka heria e ngā rōpū Kotahitanga te whakaaro he kotahi tonu te Whakaputanga me te Tiriti, arā, he whakaū i te rangatiratanga ki te iwi Māori te mahi o aua pukapuka e rua."
People only have a short time in New Zealand.,He poto noa te wā o te tangata ki Aotearoa.
It was the last largest land in the world to be explored by man.,Koinei te whenua whakamutunga rarahi ake o te ao i tūhuratia e te tangata.
It was discovered by the ancestors of the Māori around the 1200s.,Otirā nā ngā tūpuna o te Māori i hura i te takiwā o te rau tau 1200.
"In the 1840s, followers began to arrive.","Nō te tekau tau atu i 1840, ka tīmata te horo mai o te tangata whai."
"In the following years, the nature of societies, politics, and the economy changed.","I ngā tau i muri mai ka rerekē te āhua o ngā hapori, ngā tōrangapū, te ōhanga."
"Because of these differences, New Zealand has developed into a separate country from England, a country in the Pacific inhabited by many peoples from around the world.","Nā ēnei rerekētanga kua whanake a Aotearoa hei whenua tū motuhake i a Ingarangi, he whenua kei Te Moananui-a-Kiwa e nōhia ana e ngā iwi maha o te ao."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Living Māori,Te noho Māori
The Māori people came from the Pacific Ocean.,I ahu mai te iwi Māori i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.
Recent research has revealed that they first arrived in Poland between 1200 AD and 1300 AD.,"Nā ngā rangahautanga o ēnei tau tata nei i whāki, nō waenganui i te tau 1200 AD me te tau 1300 AD ka tae tuatahi mai rātou i Poronihia."
Their lives are communal.,He noho ā-iwi tā rātau noho.
"Their occupations include cultivating gardens, hunting birds and fish, and inventing tools, wood, and furniture.","Ko ā rātou mahi he ngaki māra, he hopu manu me te ika, he auaha taputapu, rākau, taonga hoki."
The first Europeans,Ngā Pākehā tuatahi
"The Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman, was the first European to see New Zealand in 1642.","Ko te kaihōpara Tatimana, ko Abel Tasman te Pākehā tuatahi kia kite i a Aotearoa i te tau 1642."
"In 1769-70, Captain James Cook of England first planned the country.",I ngā tau 1769–70 ka whakamaherehia tuatahitia e Kāpene Hēmi Kuki o Ingarangi te whenua.
"Later, sealers, whalers, and traders began to arrive.","Whai muri, ka tīmata te taetae mai o ngā kaipatu kekeno, kaipatu tohorā, me te hunga tauhokohoko."
In 1814 the missionaries began preaching the gospel to the Māori.,Nō te tau 1814 ka tīmata te kauhau a ngā mihinare i te rongopai ki ngā Māori.
"They taught the Māori to farm, read and write.","Nā rātou ngā Māori i ako ki te ahuwhenua, te pānui, te tuhituhi."
1840s and 1850s: a new British colony,Ngā tekau tau o 1840 me 1850: he koroni hōu nā Ingarangi
"When many followers arrived, the British government decided to take control of New Zealand.","Nō te taenga mai o te tini tāngata whai, ka whakatau te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi kia riro ki a ia te mana whakahaere o Aotearoa."
In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed by Māori leaders and representatives of the Queen of England.,I te tau 1840 ka hainahia te Tiriti o Waitangi e ngā rangatira Māori me ngā māngai o te Kuini o Ingarangi.
The British wanted to have the government of the country.,Ko te hiahia o Ingarangi kia riro ki a ia te kāwanatanga o te motu.
"In exchange for this, according to the Queen's representatives, Māori will continue to be the owners of their land and property, and they will receive all the rights of British citizenship.","Hei utu mō tēnei, e ai kī ngā māngai o te Kuini, ka noho tonu ko ngā Māori hei rangatira i runga i ō rātou whenua me ā rātou taonga, ka whiwhi hoki rātou i ngā tika katoa o te kirirarau o Ingarangi."
From 1860 to the late 1880s: conflict and development,Atu i 1860 ki te paunga o te tekau tau 1880: te riri me te whanaketanga
The strong hand of Pākehā rested on the Māori and their lands.,Ka tau te ringa kaha o Pākehā ki runga i te Māori me ōna whenua.
In the 1860's the war broke out.,I te tekau tau atu i 1860 ka tū te riri.
The solution was that Māori land was confiscated and sold.,"Ko te otinga, i raupatuhia, i hokona ngā whenua o te Māori."
New Zealand's economic growth depends on exports of wool and gold.,"Ka makuru te tipu o te ōhanga o Aotearoa i ngā hokonga wūru, kōura ki tāwāhi."
"In the 1870s, the government helped thousands of Europeans move to New Zealand to live.",I te tekau tau atu i 1870 ka āwhinatia e te kāwanatanga te mano Pākehā kia hūnuku ki Aotearoa noho ai.
The railroad was laid and a town was established.,"Ka whakatakotohia te rerewē, ka whakatūria he tāone."
"The years 1890 to 1945: society changes, and the world breaks out","Ngā tau 1890 ki 1945: ka rerekē te hapori, ka pakaru te riri ki te ao"
New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote.,Ko Aotearoa te whenua tuatahi ki te whakawhiwhi i te wahine ki te pōti.
During the First World War New Zealand fought on the side of England in the war against Germany.,I te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ka whawhai a Aotearoa ki te taha o Ingarangi i te pakanga ki a Tiamana.
"In the 1920s and 1930s, many New Zealanders were hit by poverty during the global economic downturn.","I ngā tekau tau o 1920 me 1930, tini te tangata o Aotearoa i whiua e te rawakore i te paheketanga o te ōhanga o te ao."
"As a result, many people chose Labor as the government, hoping that they would make life easier for the people.","Nā whai anō ka tohungia e te tini ko Reipa hei kāwanatanga, ko te tūmanako mā rātou e whakamāmā te noho a te iwi."
"During the Second World War, New Zealand soldiers again entered the war zone overseas.","I te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka tomo anō ngā hōia o Aotearoa ki ngā pae o te riri ki tāwāhi."
The last part of the 20th century,Te wāhanga whakamutunga o te rau tau 1900
"From the 1950s, New Zealand's trade expanded, not only with England.","Atu i te tekau tau 1950, ka whānui haere te tauhokohoko o Aotearoa, kāpā ki Ingarangi anake."
"At that time, Great Britain was the main market for meat, wool, butter and cheese from New Zealand.","I taua wā, ko Piritana Nui te mākete nui mō ngā mīti, wūru, pata, tīhi hoki mai i Aotearoa."
"New Zealand then began selling its assets to many countries, such as the United States of America (USA).","Kātahi ka tīmata te hoko a Aotearoa i āna rawa ki ngā whenua maha, pērā i te Hononga o Amerika (USA)."
"At the same time, New Zealand tried to be independent.","I taua wā anō, ka ngana a Aotearoa kia motuhake tana tū."
A new world for the Māori people,He ao hōu mō te iwi Māori
After the Second World War the Māori people fled to the big cities to live.,Nō muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka horo te iwi Māori ki ngā tāone nunui noho ai.
"By 1975, the concerns of the Māori people about the government's abuse of them had just been addressed.","Kia taka rawa ki te tau 1975, kātahi anō ka arongia ngā māharahara a te iwi Māori mō ngā tūkinotanga a te kāwanatanga i a rātou."
It was during this period that the Māori began to revive their language and culture.,"Nō tēnei wā anō ka tīmata te Māori ki te whakaora i tōna reo, ōna tikanga."
It is a diverse country,He whenua kanorau
For a long time the majority of New Zealand wanted the country to be 'free'.,Mō tētahi wā roa ka hiahia te nuinga o Aotearoa kia noho ‘kiritea’ te whenua nei.
"Except, from the 1970s, more and more people settled in New Zealand - from the Pacific, from Asia, from all over the world.","Hāunga, atu i te tekau tau 1970, ka nui haere ngā iwi ka tau ki Aotearoa noho ai – mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, mai Āhia, mai ngā pito katoa o te ao."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
The arrival and settlement of Māori,Te taenga mai me te noho a te Māori
Exploration and migration,Te tūhura me te heke
People spend less time in New Zealand than in any other independent country in the world.,He poto te noho a te tangata ki Aotearoa tērā ki tētahi atu whenua motuhake o te ao.
"It is still not widely accepted when this land was first inhabited, but the current story says that the first people arrived in the eastern part of the Pacific around the year year 1200.","Kāore tonu i te whakaaetia whānuitia te tau i nōhia tuatahitia ai te whenua nei, engari ko te kōrero o ēnei rā e mea ana, ka tae mai ngā tāngata tuatahi i te pito rāwhiti o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i te takiwā o te rau tau 1200."
"By the year 1642, the people of Europe had just learned about this country.","Kia taka rawa ki te tau 1642, kātahi anō ka mārama ngā tāngata o Ūropi mō tēnei whenua."
This land was carefully explored by people from the Pacific.,I āta tūhuratia tēnei whenua e ngā tāngata mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"They followed the seagulls, the seas, the wind and the stars of the sky explained their path.","I whai rātou i ngā aramoana, ko ngā aumoana, te hau me ngā whetū o te rangi ngā kai whakamārama i tō rātou huarahi."
It is said that Kupe Aotearoa discovered it.,"E mea ana te kōrero, nā Kupe a Aotearoa i hura."
"Eventually, small groups from the Pacific began to arrive.","Nāwai rā, ka tīmata te taetae mai o ngā rōpū tokoiti mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
These small groups develop into iwi.,Ka whanake ngā rōpū iti nei hei iwi.
"Once Europeans settled in New Zealand, the natives of New Zealand were called Māori.","Kia tau rawa te Pākehā ki Aotearoa kātahi anō ka karangahia ngā tāngata whenua o Aotearoa, he Māori."
Cooking,Te mahi kai
The first people lived in groups and their main food was seal and moa.,"I noho rōpū ngā tāngata tuatahi, ko te kekeno me te moa ā rātou tino kai."
"Due to the force of the collision, the moa was lost.","Nā te kaha o te patupatunga, ka ngaro te moa."
Hunting and gathering food is the life for the people of Te Wai Pounamu.,Ko te hopu kai me te kohi kai te oranga mō ngā iwi o Te Wai Pounamu.
Food growing and fishing,Te whakatipu kai me te mahi ika
The people of Te Moananui-a-Kiwa brought kumara and yams to New Zealand.,Kawea mai ai e ngā tāngata o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa te kūmara me te uwhi ki Aotearoa.
"Because of the warm climate in the North Island, the plant is damp.","Nā te mahana o te whenua i Te Ika-a-Māui, ka makuru te tipu."
If the kumara fields are large enough to feed the people in their villages.,Inā te rahi o ngā māra kūmara hei whāngai i ngā iwi kei ō rātou pā e noho ana.
"Despite this situation, the people of the North Island continued to make Tangaroa's birds and children.","Ahakoa tēnei ahuatanga, i mahia tonutia e ngā iwi o Te Ika-a-Māui ngā manu me ngā tamariki a Tangaroa."
"In some areas of the North, due to the large number of people, tribes compete for food.","I ētahi takiwā o Te Tai Tokerau, nā te tini o te tangata, ka whakataetae ngā iwi mō ngā kai."
"Dogs and rats followed humans to New Zealand from Poland, except for pigs and chickens.","I whai te kurī me te kiore i te tangata ki Aotearoa mai i Poronihia, hāunga te poaka me te heihei."
A strong nation,He iwi kaha
In good times the Māori life flourished.,I ngā wā pai ka ora te noho a te Māori.
"The life of the Māori of those times was very short compared to the life of a Māori person today, but it was similar to the life of a European person of that time.","He poto noa iho te koiora o te Māori o ērā wā ki te koiora o te tangata Māori o ēnei rā, engari ka rite ki te koiora o te tangata Pākehā o tērā wā."
"The Māori population may have reached 100,000 before the arrival of Europeans.","I kake pea te taupori Māori ki te 100,000 i mua i te taenga mai o te Pākehā."
Oral tradition,Kawe tikanga ā-waha
Māori passed on their history and stories orally.,I tukuna ā-wahatia e te Māori āna hītori me āna kōrero.
"The Māori lived by family, hapū, and iwi, under the authority of a great ancestor.","Ka noho ā-whānau, ā-hapū, ā-iwi te Māori, i raro i te mana o tētahi tipuna nui."
Genealogy is an important activity for Māori.,He mahi whakahirahira ki te Māori te tātai whakapapa.
Anger,Ngā riri
Power and pay are important to Māori.,He mea nui ki te Māori te mana me te utu.
"Because of this, wars and conflicts became widespread.","Nā tēnei, ka whānui ngā pakanga me ngā riri."
"However, the meaning of those times is a time for war and a time for peace.","Heoi, ko te tikanga o aua wā, he wā mō te pakanga, he wā hoki mō te noho mārire."
"Most of the time, the Māori stay in their homes, or at their places of work, or at the barangays.","I te nuinga o te wā, noho ai te Māori ki ō rātou kāinga, ki ō rātou wāhi mahi kai rānei, kāpā ki ngā pā tūwatawata."
Māori art and culture,Ngā toi me ngā tikanga a te Māori
"The most important art of Māori is house and boat carving, as well as nail art and stonework.","Ko te taonga toi nui rawa a te Māori, ko te whakairo whare me te hahau waka, tae atu ki te auaha whao, taonga hoki mai te kōhatu."
"Despite the wars and conflicts between tribes, trade in goods and food continued.","Ahakoa ngā pakanga me ngā riri i waenganui i ngā iwi, ka haere tonu ngā tauhokohoko i te taonga me te kai."
"However, it is through war that wealth is gained.",Heoi mā te pakanga anō riro mai ai he rawa.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
The Europeans to 1840,Te Pākehā ki te tau 1840
Exploration,Tūhuratanga
"In 1642, Abel Tasman, the Dutch explorer, arrived in New Zealand.","I te tau 1642, ka tae a Abel Tasman, te kaihōpara Tatimana ki Aotearoa."
He was the first European to see this country.,Koia te Pākehā tuatahi kia kite i tēnei whenua.
"He plans the west coast, from Mawhera to Te Rēinga.","Ka whakatakoto mahere ia o te takutai hauāuru, atu i Māwhera ki Te Rēinga."
"Eventually, a Dutch planner gave the name Nieuw Zeeland to the land Tasman discovered.","Nāwai ā, ka tapaina e tētahi kaiwhakamahere Tatimana te ingoa o Nieuw Zeeland ki te whenua i kitea e Tasman."
127 years later - Europeans have just landed in New Zealand.,Ka pahure ngā tau e 127 – kātahi anō ka tau mai he Pākehā ki Aotearoa.
James Cook arrived in New Zealand in 1769.,Nō te tau 1769 ka tae a Hēmi Kuki ki Aotearoa.
This is the first of his three visits to New Zealand.,Koinei te tuatahi o āna haerenga e toru ki Aotearoa.
"He went round and made a plan of the country, before he returned to England to reveal who the people of this country were and what his wealth was.","I huri taiāwhio, i whakatakoto mahere ia o te whenua nei, i mua i tana hokinga ki Ingarangi ki te whāki ko wai mā ngā tāngata o tēnei whenua, he aha hoki āna rawa."
A remote part of Australia,He wāhanga tawhiti o Ahitereiria
"In the 50 years after the creation of the city of Sydney in 1788, New Zealand became a distant part of the economic activities and movements of the colony of Sydney (New South Wales).","I ngā tau 50 i muri i te waihangatanga o te tāone o Poihākena i 1788, ka tū a Aotearoa hei wāhanga tawhiti ki ngā mahi ōhanga me ngā nekeneke o te koroni o Poihākena (New South Wales)."
"After all, most of the early adopters came from Sydney.","Whāia, i ahu mai i Poihākena te nuinga o ngā tāngata whai tōmua."
"At the end of the 17th century, sealers and whalers arrived.","Nō te paunga o te rau tau a1700 ka taetae ngā kaipatu kekeno, tohorā hoki."
In the early 1800's some people started to live and farm.,Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 1800 ka tīmata ētahi ki te noho me te ahuwhenua.
"At this time, New Zealand was part of a trading system that spread throughout the Pacific.","I tēnei wā, i roto a Aotearoa i tētahi pūnaha tauhokohoko ka hōrapa ki Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
Some of the goods from New Zealand were sold to China.,Ko ētahi o ngā taonga o Aotearoa i hokona ki Haina rā anō.
Māori and European encounters,Ngā tūtakitanga a te Māori me te Pākehā
"The first 'town' was established at Kororāreka, due to whalers going to Pēwhairangi to get food and fresh water.","Ka tū te ‘tāone’ tuatahi ki Kororāreka, nā te pekapekatanga atu o ngā kaipatu tohorā ki Pēwhairangi ki te tiki kai, wai māori hoki."
In the 1790's the Māori started trading their pigs and potatoes to these people.,Atu i te tekau tau 1790 ka tīmata te hokohoko a te Māori i āna poaka me āna rīwai ki te hunga nei.
"Another place where Māori and Europeans met was Te Ara-o-Kiwa (Foveaux Strait), as this was where the seals worked in those days.","Ko tētahi atu wāhi tūtakitaki ai te Māori me te Pākehā ko Te Ara-o-Kiwa (Foveaux Strait), i te mea i konei te mahi a te kekeno i aua wā."
"Next, the Māori will approach the places where the customers are.","Whāia, ka whakatata atu te Māori ki ngā wāhi kei reira ngā kaihoko."
"If there is a European among the people living, it is better to buy European goods, even guns.","Mēnā he Pākehā kei waenganui i te iwi e noho ana, ka pai kē ake mō te hoko i ngā rawa a te Pākehā, tae rawa ki te pū."
Missionaries,Ngā mihinare
"Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden), a minister from Sydney, established the first mission in Pēwhairangi in 1814.","Nā Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden) he minita nō Poihākena, te mīhana tuatahi i whakatū ki Pēwhairangi i te tau 1814."
"By 1840, more than 20 missions had been established.","Taka mai ki te tau e 1840, neke atu i te 20 ngā mīhana kua whakatūhia."
"In addition to religion, the missionaries taught Māori agriculture, as well as reading and writing.","I tua atu i te whakapono, nā ngā mihinare i whakaako te Māori ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua, tae atu ki te pānui me te tuhituhi."
The missionaries also put the Māori language on paper.,Nā ngā mihinare anō hoki te reo Māori i whakatakoto ki te pepa.
"In the 1830s, French missionaries brought the Catholic faith.","I te tekau tau atu i 1830, ka kawea mai e ngā mihinare Wīwī te whakapono Katorika."
Civil wars,Ngā pakanga ā-iwi
"In time, the new religion took hold of the Māori people, but at first they were slow to accept the new religion.","Ā tōna wā ka kāpia e te whakapono hōu ngā iwi Māori, engari i te tīmatanga he pōturi rātou ki te amine ki te whakapono hōu."
They focused more on trading potatoes and flax fiber for gunpowder.,He nui ake tō rātou aronga ki te tauhokohoko rīwai me te muka harakeke mō te pū.
"In particular, during the wars of the 1820s and 1830s, the tribes were more concerned with guns than faith.","Otirā, i ngā pakanga i ngā tekau tau atu i 1820 me 1830, he nui ake ki ngā iwi te pū tērā i te whakapono."
"Because of this situation, the conflicts between the tribes become worse.",Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka kino ake ngā pakanga i waenganui i ngā iwi.
Ngā Puhi under Hongi Hika were a bad tribe in these wars.,Ko Ngā Puhi i raro i a Hongi Hika tētahi iwi kino i roto i ngā pakanga nei.
They killed the people of the south.,Nā rātou ngā iwi o te tonga i whakamate.
"Similarly, Ngāti Toa under Te Rauparaha attacked Ngāi Tahu of Te Wai Pounamu.","Pērā anō a Ngāti Toa i raro i a Te Rauparaha, ka whakaeke i a Ngāi Tahu o Te Wai Pounamu."
"Despite the high number of deaths from gunfire, more people died from the tahumaeros that came with the Europeans.","Ahakoa te nui o ngā mate i te pū, he nui ake te tangata i mate i ngā tahumaero i tae mai me te Pākehā."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
The British Crown and placement,Te Karauna o Ingarangi me te whakanoho
British rebellion,Te tutetute a Ingarangi
"In the 1830s, the British government tried to legislate in New Zealand to protect its customers and to keep the French out.","I te tekau tau atu i 1830, ka ngana te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi kia takoto he ture i Aotearoa, hei tiaki i āna kaihoko, me te kati atu i ngā Wīwī."
The missionaries wanted to protect the Māori people from the evils of European life.,"Ko te hiahia o ngā mihinare, ki te tiaki i te iwi Māori i ngā kino o te noho a te Pākehā."
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
"In 1833, Te Puhipi (James Busby) was sent to Pēwhairangi as British Resident.",I te tau 1833 ka tonoa a Te Pūhipi (James Busby) ki Pēwhairangi hei Rehireneti (British Resident).
"In 1834 Te Pūhipi ordered the leaders of Te Torakua to make a flag for them, and in 1835 they signed a declaration of their sovereignty.","Nā Te Pūhipi ngā rangatira o Te Tai Tokerau i whakahau i te tau 1834 ki te mahi mai he haki mō ratou, ā, i te tau 1835 ka haina rātou i tētahi whakaputanga o tō rātou rangatiratanga."
"Seven years after Te Pūhipi's arrival, the first governor of New Zealand, William Hobson, asked Māori leaders to meet at Waitangi on February 6, 1840, to sign the a treaty with the British Crown.","E whitu tau i muri i te taenga o Te Pūhipi, ka tono te kāwana tuatahi o Niu Tīreni, a Wiremu Hopihona (William Hobson), kia hui ngā rangatira Māori ki Waitangi i te 6 o ngā rā o Pēpuere 1840, ki te haina i tētahi tiriti me te Karauna o Ingarangi."
More than 500 leaders signed.,Neke atu i te e 500 ngā rangatira i haina.
Then the treaty was brought to the ends of the island to be signed by the leaders of the regions.,Kātahi ka mauria te tiriti ki ngā pito o te motu kia hainatia e ngā rangatira o ngā rohe.
The street was brought to Te Ara-o-Kiwa.,I kawea te tiriti ki Te Ara-o-Kiwa rā anō.
Sovereignty and rights,Te tino rangatiratanga me ngā tika
"Under the treaty, Māori ceded government to the British and Māori were given the rights of British citizens; his lands and other 'assets' are also kept.","I raro i te tiriti, ka tukuna e te Māori te kāwanatanga ki a Ingarangi, ā, ka whakawhiwhia te Māori ki ngā tika o te tangata whenua o Ingarangi; ka puritia hoki ōna whenua me ētahi atu ‘taonga’."
"Therefore, the problem arises because the words of the European version of the treaty are different from those of the Māori version.","Nāwai ā, ka hua te raruraru i te mea he rerekē ngā kōrero o te takotoranga Pākehā o te tiriti ki ērā o te takotoranga Māori."
This makes it more difficult to correct violations of the treaty.,Nō konei uaua ake ai te whakatikatika i ngā takahitanga o te tiriti.
"With the agreement of the Māori, British rule was imposed on New Zealand.","Nā te whakaaetanga a ngā Māori, ka kauhautia te rangatiratanga o Ingarangi ki runga i a Aotearoa."
Te Wai Pounamu will be acquired on an exploratory basis.,Ka riro mai a Te Wai Pounamu i runga i te take tūhura.
The beginning of European settlement,Te tīmatanga o te noho Pākehā
"Even before the treaty was signed, on the orders of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, the New Zealand Company sent followers to Wellington.","I mua noa atu i te hainatanga o te tiriti, nā runga i ngā whakahau a Edward Gibbon Wakefield, ka tonoa e te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni ētahi tāngata whai ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara."
"Two years later, the company established the towns of Wanganui, Whakatū and Niu Paremata.","I ngā rua tau i muri mai, ka whakatūria e te kamupene ngā tāone o Wanganui, o Whakatū me Niu Paremata."
The towns of Ōtākou (1848) and Ōtautahi (1850) were founded by small companies of the Company.,Nā ētahi kamupene iti a te Kamupene ngā tāone o Ōtākou (1848) me Ōtautahi (1850) i whakatū.
"Auckland, the main city of the Colony at that time, grew rapidly.","Ka tipu noa a Ākarana, te tāone matua o te Koroni i taua wā."
European settlements,Ngā hōparatanga a te Pākehā
"By the 1850s, most of the North Island had been colonized by Europeans.","Kia taka ki te tekau tau atu i 1850, kua taea kē te nuinga o Te Ika-a-Māui e te Pākehā."
They are usually led by knowledgeable Māori.,I te nuinga o te wā ka arahina rātou e ngā Māori mōhio.
"George Selwyn, the first bishop of New Zealand, trod a lot of ground.",Nui te whenua i takahia e Te Herewini (George Selwyn) te pīhopa tuatahi o Aotearoa.
"By the time of the gold mining in the 1860s, the proud mountains of Te Wai Pounamu's hinterland had just become possible.","Kia taka rawa mai ki te wā o te keri koura i te tekau tau atu i 1860, kātahi anō ka taea ngā maunga whakahī o te tuawhenua o Te Wai Pounamu."
Independent government,Te kāwanatanga motuhake
"Due to the desire of the followers to establish a government for themselves, in 1852 the British parliament ratified the government law for New Zealand.","Nā te hiahia o ngā tāngata whai kia whakatū kāwanatanga mō rātau ake, i te tau 1852 ka whakamanahia e te paremata o Ingarangi te ture kāwanatanga mō Niu Tīreni."
"Because of this law, there will be a national government, a parliament, and six regional governments.","Nā tēnei ture ka tū he kāwanatanga mō te motu, he whare paremata, tāpae atu ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe e ono."
"Wait, the government will take over (a select party on top, supported by a majority in the parliament).","Tāria, ka riro mai te mana kāwanatanga (he rōpū whiriwhiri ki runga, e tautokona ana e te nuinga i roto i te whare paremata)."
"However, the governor and the colonial office in London retained control over the laws regarding 'Māori'.",Heoi i puritia tonutia e te kāwana me te tari koroni ki Rānana te mana whakahaere i ngā ture e pā ana ki ngā ‘Māori’.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
"Wars, outbreaks, recessions","Ngā pakanga, ngā hōrapatanga, ngā paheketanga"
Early anger,Ngā riri tōmua
"In the 1840s, Māori and Europeans fought.","I te tekau tau atu i 1840, ka pakanga te Māori me te Pākehā."
"In 1843, blood was spilled in a land dispute in Te Wairau.","I te tau 1843, ka maringi te toto i tētahi riri whenua ki te whārua o Te Wairau."
The Northern War (1845-46) broke out when John Heke overthrew the British flagpole at Kororāreka.,I pakaru te pakanga ki Te Tai Tokerau (1845-46) i te turakitanga a Hōne Heke i te pou haki o Ingarangi i Kororāreka.
There was also a debate in Wellington and Whanganui.,I tū anō he tautohetohenga ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara me Whanganui.
"In the 1850s, the situation in Taranaki was still tense, the reason being that the lands were sold to the Europeans.","I te tekau tau atu i 1850, he rīriri tonu te āhua ki Taranaki, ko te take, ko ngā whenua i hokona ki te Pākehā."
The reason is the country,Ko te whenua te take
"Until the 1850s, the government was able to buy land according to the needs of the people who had it.","Tatū rawa ki te tekau tau atu i 1850, i taea e te kāwanatanga te hoko i ngā whenua ka rite ki te hiahia o ngā tangata whai."
"However, beyond that time, the Māori people resisted selling their land.","Heoi, atu i taua wā, ka whakakeke ngā iwi Māori ki te hoko ō rātou whenua."
"The Māori tradition is that the land belongs to the whole tribe, not to the individual.","Ko te tikanga a te Māori, nō te iwi katoa kē te whenua, kāpā nō te tangata takitahi."
This is one of the reasons why the King is under the influence of Willemu Tamihana.,Koianei tētahi o ngā take ka tū te Kīngitanga i raro i ngā akiaki a Wiremu Tāmihana.
"In 1858, Pōtau Te Hwerowhero was anointed as the first Māori King.","I te tau 1858, ka whakawahia a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero hei Kīngi Māori tuatahi."
Battles in Taranaki and Waikato,Ngā pakanga i Taranaki me Waikato
Taranaki was the source of the fires of anger.,Ko Taranaki te muranga o ngā ahi o te riri.
"When William King Te Rangitake refused permission to sell his lands in Waitara in 1861, the feud broke out.","I te kore whakaaetanga a Wiremu Kīngi Te Rangitāke kia hokona ōna whenua i Waitara i te tau 1861, ka pakaru te riri."
"According to the followers, it is a big challenge for the government that the Māori hold their lands.","E ai ki ngā tāngata whai, he wero nui ki te kāwanatanga te pupuri kaha a te Māori i ōna whenua."
Governor Hori Gray ordered the attack to be carried into Waikato in 1863-64.,Nā Kāwana Hōri Kerei i whakahau kia kawea te riri ki roto o Waikato i ngā tau 1863-64.
This is the downfall of the Māori.,Koinei te hingatanga o te Māori.
Te Kooti and Tītokowaru continued to fight against the Europeans throughout the 1860s.,Ka pakanga tonu a Te Kooti rāua ko Tītokowaru ki te Pākehā i te roanga ake o te tekau tau atu i 1860.
"In 1872, the land wars ended.",Nō te tau 1872 ka mutu ngā pakanga mō te whenua.
A lot of land was conquered from 'rebellious' tribes.,Inā te nui o ngā whenua i raupatuhia i ngā iwi ‘whakakeke’.
"The Māori Land Court was established to issue title to individual Māori land, so that it could be sold to Europeans as soon as possible.","Ka whakatūria te Kōti Whenua Māori ki te uta taitara ki runga te whenua mō te Māori takitahi, kia wawe ai te hoko ki te Pākehā."
"After the wars, many Māori lived independently from Europeans.","Whai muri i ngā pakanga, he nui tonu ngā Māori i noho motuhake i te Pākehā."
Most of them went ashore to live.,Ko te nuinga i haere ki uta noho ai.
Māori lands were immediately passed into the hands of Europeans.,Ka riro tonu ngā whenua Māori ki ngā ringaringa o ngā Pākehā.
Māori land was often lost through auctions in the Māori Land Court.,I te nuinga o te wā i ngaro ngā whenua o te Māori mā ngā hokohoko i te Kōti Whenua Māori.
"In the 1870s, Parihaka became a center for peaceful protests, under the prophets Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi.","I te tekau tau atu i 1870 ka tū a Parihaka hei pokapū mō ngā mautohe mārire, i raro i ngā poropiti a Te Whiti-o-Rongomai me Tohu Kākahi."
They protested for the confiscated Taranaki lands.,Ka mautohe rātou mō ngā whenua o Taranaki i raupatutia.
In 1881 Parihaka was attacked by the military and the protests were suppressed.,"I te tau 1881 ka whakaeketia a Parihaka e te ope taua hōia, ka tāmia ngā mautohe."
Gold and wool,Te koura me te wūru
Because of the wars the economy of the North Island slowed down.,Nā ngā pakanga ka pōturi te ōhanga o Te Ika-a-Māui.
"With the exception of Te Wai Pounamu, wool and gold yielded high profits.","Hāunga anō Te Wai Pounamu, ka nui te hua i puta i te wūru me te koura."
Thousands of sheep were allowed to graze in the valleys of Te Wai Pounamu.,Tini mano te hipi i tukuna kia kai noa i ngā whenua raorao o Te Wai Pounamu.
In 1861 gold was discovered in abundance at Otakou; soon after it was found again in the North Sea.,I te tau 1861 ka kitea nuitia te koura ki Ōtākou; nō muri tata mai ka kitea anōtia i Te Tai Poutini.
This led to a rapid influx of followers into New Zealand.,Nā tēnei ka horo te kuhu mai a te tangata whai ki Aotearoa.
Six years later gold was discovered in Hauraki; then the city of Auckland grew stronger.,E ono tau i muri mai ka huraina te koura ki Hauraki; kātahi ka kaha ake te tipu o te tāone o Ākarana.
"Wool made Canterbury the richest province in New Zealand; in fact, gold made Dundee the largest city.","Nā te wūru ka tū a Waitaha ko te porowini whai rawa nui katoa o Aotearoa; otirā, nā te koura ka noho ko Ōtepoti te tāone nui rawa atu."
Vogel's project,Te kaupapa a Vogel
"By the late 1860s, gold production had weakened and the price of wool had fallen.","Kia tae ki te paunga o te tekau tau atu i 1860, kua ngoikore ngā mahi kōura, kua heke hoki te utu mō te wūru."
"In 1870 Julius Vogel, the Treasurer of the colony, laid down a plan, that is, for New Zealand to turn to some public works, such as building a railway and helping immigrants to come to this country;","I te tau 1870 ka takoto te kaupapa a Julius Vogel te Kaitiaki Pūtea o te koroni, arā, kia tahuri a Niu Tīreni ki ētahi mahi tūmatanui, pēnei i te hanga rerewē me te āwhina i te manene kia haere mai ki tēnei whenua; mā te pūtea taurewa ēnei mahi nui e utu."
These major projects will be financed through loans.,Kātahi ka nui haere te taupori.
Then the population increased.,"I whakaatu te tatauranga o te tau 1871, kua eke te taupori ki te hauwhā miriona (kāpā ngā Māori)."
The census of 1871 showed that the population had reached a quarter of a million (including Māori).,"Kia hipa ngā tau tekau, kua eke te tokomaha ki te haurua miriona tāngata."
"Ten years later, the number reached half a million people.","He rite ngā whakaaro o Vogel ki ō Wakefield, arā, mā te whakawai i ngā tāngata me ā rātou rawa ki Niu Tīreni ka tipu tēnei whenua."
"Vogel's ideas were similar to those of Wakefield, that is, by attracting people and their resources to New Zealand this country would grow.","Nā te take nei, ka hua te whakaaro, he whenua motuhake tenei, kāore ōna wehewehenga."
"Because of this reason, it is thought that this is a separate country, without its divisions.","Whāia, i te tau 1876 ka whakakorea ngā porowini."
It's a long period,He paheketanga roa
"Because of Vogel's loans, the nation's economy collapsed, and it was not until the 1890s that it gradually emerged from the depression.","Nā ngā pūtea taurewa a Vogel, ka paheke te ōhanga o te motu, ā, kia taka rā anō ki te tekau tau atu i 1890 kātahi anō ka puta haere i te pōuri."
"Although the price of wheat was high for a time, the value of agricultural products decreased, and the demand for land decreased.","Ahakoa te nui o te utu mō te wīti mō tētahi wā, ka heke te uara o ngā hua ahuwhenua, ka kore haere te hiahia ki te whenua."
"Due to the recession, there will be no jobs for the people living in the city, or there will be hazardous work places.","Nā te paheketanga ka kore ngā mahi mā te hunga noho tāone, ka tū rānei ko ngā wāhi mahi mōrearea."
"Many went abroad, most to Australia.","Ka wehe te tini ki tāwāhi, ko te nuinga i haere ki Ahitereiria."
Exporting meat,Te tuku mīti ki tāwāhi
The country's economy has never been so strong.,Kīhai rawa i pēnei te kaha paheke o te ōhanga o te motu.
"However, in 1882 the island gained the ability to freeze meat for sale in England.","Heoi, i te tau 1882 ka whai rawa anō te motu i te āheinga kia whakatio mīti hei hoko ki Ingarangi."
"This makes it possible to sell meat (frozen), as well as butter and cheese (cold).","Nā tēnei ka taea ngā mahi hoko mīti (tio), tae atu ki te pata me te tīhi (makariri)."
"Until there were problems with refrigerated shipping, New Zealand would become an agricultural center for England.","Kia ea rā anō ngā raruraru mō te taha ki ngā kaipuke kawe whata mātao, ka tū a Aotearoa hei wāhi ahuwhenua mō Ingarangi."
"Agriculture is the main activity of the economy of New Zealand, when the forests are destroyed, the land is shaped.","Ko te ahuwhenua te mahi nui o te ōhanga o Aotearoa, ka turakina ngā wao ngahere, ka ahua te whenua."
"Despite the depression that hit the island due to the economic depression, spirits were lifted when some frozen meat from New Zealand arrived in England in 1882.","Ahakoa te pōuri i pā mai ki te motu i te paheketanga o te ōhanga, ka hiki ngā manawa i te taenga pai o ētahi mīti tio mai i Niu Tīreni ki Ingarangi i te tau 1882."
"It was possible to buy frozen meat, butter, and cheese in abroad.","Kua āhei te hoko mīti tio, pata, tīhi ki tāwāhi."
"In spite of the difficulties encountered in the beginning of the export of frozen food, New Zealand became a farm for England.","Ahakoa ngā raruraru i pā mai i te tīmatanga o te tuku kai tio ki tāwāhi, ka matika a Niu Tīreni hei pāmu mō Ingarangi."
New Zealand's conversion to agriculture changed the land from forest to farm.,"Nā te huri o Niu Tīreni ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua, ka huri te whenua mai i te ngahere ki te pāmu."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
From Liberal to Labour,Mai te Rīpera ki te Reipa
Liberal government,Te kāwanatanga Rīpera
In the general election of 1890 the Liberal Party became the government.,I te pōti whānui o te tau 1890 ka eke te rōpū Rīpera hei kāwanatanga.
"It is now the first political party, so to speak, of the 'new world' to reach government levels.","Koianei te rōpū tōrangapū tuatahi me kī, o te ‘ao hōu’ kia eke ki ngā taumata kāwanatanga."
"From 1893 to 1906, Richard Seddon was the prime minister of the Liberal government.","Atu i te tau 1893 ki te tau 1906, ko Te Hētana (Richard Seddon) te pirimia o te kāwanatanga Rīpera."
"The Liberals enforced the 'family farm' system, by relocating large stations to accommodate many small farms; buying Māori land in the North Island, providing financial assistance to those who have it.","Nā ngā Rīpera i whakaū te tikanga ‘pāmu mō te whānau’, mā te wāwāhi i ngā teihana nui kia takoto te maha o ngā pāmu pakupaku; te hoko i ngā whenua Māori ki Te Ika-a-Māui, te whakarato āwhina pūtea ki ngā tāngata whai."
"Because of the interest in rich markets for New Zealand's agricultural products, these projects will be profitable.","Nā te koronga o ngā mākete whai rawa i ngā hua ahuwhenua o Aotearoa, ka whai hua ngā kaupapa nei."
Lands minister John McKenzie has championed the concept of 'family farms'.,Nā te minita mō ngā whenua nā John McKenzie i hāpai te kaupapa o ngā ‘pāmu mō te whānau’.
Agriculture will progress in the North Island.,Ka ahu whakamua ngā mahi ahuwhenua i Te Ika-a-Māui.
"By 1901, more than half of New Zealand's European population lived in the North Island.","Kia eke ki te tau 1901, neke atu i te haurua o te taupori Pākehā o Aotearoa i te noho ki Te Ika-a-Māui."
This is the first time that the European population of the north has been this strong since the 1850s.,Koinei te wā tuatahi i pēnei te kaha o te taupori Pākehā o te raki mai anō i te tekau tau 1850.
The government introduced him,Ka whakakuhu te kāwanatanga i a ia
The Liberal government then gradually tightened its grip on the economy and social institutions.,Kātahi ka whakakuhuna haeretia e te kāwanatanga Rīpera tōna mana ki te ōhanga me ngā whakahaere o te hapori.
"This is the beginning of government welfare, providing old age pensions and homes for workers.","Koianei te tīmatanga o te toko i te ora kāwanatanga, inarā whakaratoa ai te penihana kaumātua me ngā kāinga mō ngā kaimahi."
"In 1893, after protests by women such as Kate Sheppard, women were given the vote.","I te tau 1893, whai muri i ngā mautohe a te hunga wāhine pērā i a Kate Sheppard, ka whakawhiwhia te wahine ki te pōti."
Stay in England,Ka pūmau ki Ingarangi
"Because of the economic ties between New Zealand and England, New Zealand became more dependent on the empire.","Nā ngā here ōhanga i waenganui i a Niu Tīreni me Ingarangi, ka kaha ake te whakawhirinaki atu o Niu Tīreni ki te emepaea."
"In 1899, this determination was clearly demonstrated when New Zealand sent troops to side with the British in the war against South Africa.","I te tau 1899, i āta kitea tēnei pūmautanga i te tuku a Niu Tīreni i ana hōia kia tū ki te taha o Ingarangi i te pakanga ki a Āwherika ki te Tonga."
A perfect spirit will arise for this country.,Ka puea ake te wairua whakatoatoa mō tēnei whenua.
This is why New Zealand refused to join the Australian Parliament in 1901.,Koianei te take ka whakahē a Niu Tīreni kia kotahi atu ki te Whakaminenga o Ahitereiria i te tau 1901.
The First World War,Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao
In 1912 the Liberal government was overthrown and the Reform Party under Te Maahi (William Massey) emerged.,"I te tau 1912 ka turakina te kāwanatanga Rīpera, ka matika mai ko te rōpū Riwhōma (Reform Party) i raro i a Te Maahi (William Massey)."
This government's guarantee to the lessees of government land is that they will be able to keep the land permanently.,"Ko te kī taurangi a tēnei kāwanatanga ki ngā kairīhi whenua kāwanatanga, ka taea e rātou te pupuri tūturu i aua whenua."
"When the First World War broke out, New Zealand joined the British side to fight.","Nō te pakarutanga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka rūpeke atu a Niu Tīreni ki te taha o Ingarangi whawhai ai."
"Many soldiers from New Zealand went to war zones abroad, many of them fell.","Tini ngā hōia o Niu Tīreni i haere ki ngā pae o te riri ki tāwāhi, tini rātou i hinga."
"The year 1915 saw the strengthening of the identity of New Zealand / New Zealand, when its troops landed in the battle of Gallipoli in Turkey.","Ko te tau 1915 te pakaritanga o te tuakiri o Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni, i te taunga o ana hōia ki te pakanga i Karipori kei te Whenua Korukoru (Turkey)."
"This is where ANZAC was first heard of - the fear of the New Zealand / New Zealand soldiers, and the links with Australia.","Nō konei rongohia tuatahitia ai a ANZAC – te wehi o ngā hōia o Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni, me ngā hononga ki a Ahitereiria."
"In the great world war, the soldiers of New Zealand / New Zealand fell again to the fire of the fire that was burning in Europe.","I te pakanga nui o te ao, i hinga anō ngā hōia o Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni ki te ahi pārāweranui e mura rā ki Ūropi."
The world economy will collapse,Ka paheke te ōhanga o te ao
New Zealand / New Zealand benefited from the country's economic boom in the 1920s.,Whai hua ana a Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni i te pikinga o te ōhanga o te motu i te tekau tau atu i 1920.
"However, the world was cast in a dark cloud by the spread of the 'Great Depression' in the 1920s.","Heoi, ka ūhia te ao ki te kapua pōuri i te hōrapa o te ‘Paheketanga Nui’ i te tekau tau atu i 1930."
1930.,Pākia kinotia a Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni.
Aotearoa / New Zealand is badly hit.,Ka hinga ngā utu mō ana hokonga ki tāwāhi.
Prices for its exports will fall.,"Ka pēhia te tini o ngā kai pāmu mō ā rātou mōkete, ka piki rawa atu te tokomaha i te kore mahi."
Many farmers will be forced to pay for their mortgages and unemployment will increase.,"Nāwai, ka tīmata te rīriri me te aha, ka pakaru ngā pakanga ki ngā tāone."
"Eventually, the fighting started and eventually, wars broke out in the cities.","Ahakoa tana ngana, kāore i tareka e te kāwanatanga whakakotahi a Te Kōti (Coates) te hiki i te motu ki te whaiao, ki te ao mārama."
Labor will be smart,Ka matika a Reipa
"It is clear to see the strength of the kaimahi association in the sailors' strikes (1890) and those that arose in the years 1912 - 1913 in Waihī, and also for the kaimahi in the wharves.","Mārama te kite i te kaha o te tōpūtanga kaimahi i ngā auporo ā ngā kaumoana (1890) me ērā i pupū ake i ngā tau 1912 - 1913 ki Waihī, ki ngā kaimahi hoki i ngā wāpu."
"Because of the problems with the industrialists, they turned to the political world.","Nā ngā pōreareatanga ki te hunga ahumahi, i tahuri rātou ki te ao tōrangapū."
In 1916 the Labor party was born.,I te tau 1916 ka hua mai te rōpū Reipa.
"In the 1920s, the power of this group increased.",I te tekau tau atu i 1920 ka piki haere te mana o te rōpū nei.
"In 1935, Labor took power under Te Hāwiti (MJ Savage).",Nō te tau 1935 ka riro i a Reipa te mana kāwanatanga i raro i a Te Hāwiti (M. J. Savage).
The general public lost interest in the federal government and its administration during the Great Depression.,Kua kore kē e aro te iwi whānui ki te kāwanatanga whakakotahi me āna whakahaere i te wā o te Paheketanga Nui.
"When Te Hāwiti died in 1940, his position as prime minister was filled by Peter Fraser.","I te matenga o Te Hāwiti i te tau 1940, ka whakakīia tōna tūranga hei pirimia e Pita Pereiha (Peter Fraser)."
Labor government,Te kāwanatanga o Reipa
"When Labor came into government, the country's economy was growing.","I te wā ka kuhu a Reipa hei kāwanatanga, kua piki haere te ōhanga o te motu."
"This government did not follow the traditional methods of the left side of the political world, it always looked at its world and its movements.","Kāore te kāwanatanga nei i whai ngā tikanga tūturu o te taha maui o te ao tōrangapū, ka titiro tonu ia ki tōna ao me ōna nekeneke."
"In 1936, the government took over the management of the Reserve Bank, increased public works, and began the construction of state housing.","I te tau 1936 ka tangohia e te kāwanatanga ki a ia te mana whakahaere o te Reserve Bank, ka piki ngā mahi tūmatanui (public works), ka tīmataria te hanganga o ngā whare kāwanatanga (state housing)."
The Social Security Act of 1938 made government welfare more widely available.,"Nā Te Ture Penihana (Social Security Act) 1938, ka whānui atu te hōrapa o te toko i te ora kāwanatanga."
World War II,Te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao
"During the Second World War, the New Zealand / New Zealand soldiers again stood on the side of the British.","I te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka tū anō ngā hōia o Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni ki te taha o ērā o Ingarangi."
"After the invasion of Singapore, New Zealand / New Zealand began to worry about the ability of the British to protect New Zealand / New Zealand.","Nō te horonga o Hingapoa, ka tīmata te māharahara a Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni mō te kaha o Ingarangi ki te tiaki i a Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni."
"During the war in the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand/New Zealand was protected by the United States of America from Japanese aggression.","I te pakanga ki Te Moana Nui (Pacific Ocean), nā te Hononga o Amerika (United States of America) kē a Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni i whakamarumaru i ngā wetiweti a Hapanihi."
"In the early 1950s, New Zealand / New Zealand troops fought in Korea.","I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1950, ka whawhai ngā hōia o Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni ki Kōrea."
"It was the same in the 1960s; because of the desire of the National government to flatter its protector the United States of America, New Zealand / New Zealand followed the threats to Vietnam (Vietnam).","He pērā anō i te tekau tau atu i 1960; nā te hiahia o te kāwanatanga Nāhinara kia whakapatipati i tōna kaitiaki i a te Hononga o Amerika, ka whai atu a Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni ki ngā riri ki Whitināmu (Vietnam)."
Many people in the island protested about this war.,He nui ngā tāngata o te motu i mautohe mō tēnei pakanga.
The decline of Labour,Te paheketanga o Reipa
Labor remained in government and the Second World War ended.,"Ka noho tonu a Reipa hei kāwanatanga, ā, mutu rawa te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao."
"In 1945, Prime Minister Pita Pereiha took part in the founding meetings of the United Nations.","I te tau 1945, ka whai wāhi te pirimia a Pita Pereiha ki ngā hui whakatū i te Kotahitanga o Ngā Whenua o te Ao (United Nations)."
"However, Labor became weaker and the support of the previous decade faded away.","Heoi, ka ngoikore haere a Reipa, ka memeha ngā tautoko o te tekau tau ki mua."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Late 1900s,Te paunga o te rau tau 1900
National ownership,Te whai manatanga o Nāhinara
"After the fall of Labor in 1949, National was in power for most of the time, until 1984.","Whai muri i te hingatanga o Reipa i te tau 1949, ko Nāhinara (National) te kāwanatanga mō te nuinga o te wā, tae rawa ki te tau 1984."
"During those years, there were only two Labor governments, ie in 1957-60 and 1972-75.","I roto i aua tau, e rua anake ngā wā ka tū he kāwanatanga Reipa, arā, i te 1957-60 me te 1972-75."
"Due to his efforts to carefully press the radios in the wasps in 1953, the prime minister Sidney Holland increased the power of the National by calling a snap election.",Nā tana mahi ki te āta pēhi i ngā auporo i ngā wāpu i te tau 1953 ka whakapiki e te pirimia e Te Hōrana (Sidney Holland) te mana o Nāhinara mā te karanga pōti ohorere.
Bonds to England,Ngā here ki Ingarangi
"When the growth of the economy of New Zealand / New Zealand was fueled by the sale of agricultural products to England, many immigrants continued to flow to these islands, most of them from Great Britain.","I te wā e pūkahu ana te tupu o te ōhanga o Aotearoa / Niu Tīreni i te hokonga o ngā hua pāmu ki Ingarangi, i te horo tonu mai te tini o te manene ki ēnei motu, ko te nuinga nō Piritana Nui."
"New Zealand will continue to depend on England, and its customs will remain the same as England's.","Ka whakawhirinaki tonu a Aotearoa ki a Ingarangi, ka rite tonu āna tikanga ki ā Ingarangi."
"In 1953, Edmund Hillary's ascension to the summit of Mount Everest caught the nation's attention, he said, as a gift to celebrate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.","I te tau 1953 ka hī te ngākau o te motu i te kakenga o Edmund Hillary ki te tihi o te maunga Everest, hei tāna, he koha whakanui i te koroneihana o Kuini Irihāpeti II."
In 1973 Britain joined the European Economic Community (EEC).,I te tau 1973 ka kuhu a Ingarangi ki te European Economic Community (EEC).
"At that time, New Zealand had already expanded its foreign trade system, but the loss of British markets for agricultural products was still significant.","I taua wā, kua oti kē i a Aotearoa te whakawhānui i āna pūnaha tauhokohoko ki tāwāhi, engari he mea nui tonu te ngaronga o ngā mākete o Ingarangi mō ngā hua ahuwhenua."
"In 1973, the price of gasoline rose worldwide.","I te tau 1973, ka piki te utu o te penehīni puta i te ao."
In 1975 the Labor government fell.,I te tau 1975 ka hinga te kāwanatanga Reipa.
"Norman Kirk was the prime minister of the Labor government, very close to his death.","Ko Norman Kirk te pirimia o te kāwanatanga Reipa, tatū rawa ki tōna matenga."
"In 1978, the price of gasoline rose again in the world.",I te tau 1978 ka piki anō ngā utu mō te penehīni i te ao.
"After that, the National government of Robert Muldoon tried to protect New Zealand from the current crisis, through 'think big' projects, i.e. through large projects such as the oil refinery ) to Marsden Point, due to additional funds for agriculture (farm subsidies).","Whāia, ka ngana te kāwanatanga Nāhinara o Robert Muldoon kia ārai i a Aotearoa i ngā whakawhiunga o te wā, mā ngā kaupapa ‘hanga whakaaro nui’ (‘think big’), arā, mā ngā tūmahi nunui pērā i te māturu hinu (oil refinery) ki Marsden Point, tāpae ki ngā pūtea tāpiri ki te taha ahuwhenua (farm subsidies)."
"When world oil prices fell in the 1980s, the economy collapsed and Muldoon's major projects weakened.","I te takahanga o ngā utu hinu o te ao i te tekau tau atu i 1980, ka paheke te ōhanga, ka ngoikore ngā tūmahi nui a Muldoon."
"As the value of the dollar falls, unemployment rises.","Ka heke te uara o te tāra, ka piki te tokomaha noho mahi kore."
The 'broadcast' in 1984,Te ‘pāhorotanga’ i 1984
In 1984 the fourth Labor government was spared.,I te tau 1984 ka tohungia te kāwanatanga Reipa tuawhā.
"Roger Douglas was the finance minister at the time, and he was a firm believer in making the economy free from government manipulation.","Ko Roger Douglas te minita o te tahua i taua wā, he tangata pūmau ki te whakaaro kia wātea ngā mahi ōhanga i ngā rāwekeweke a te kāwanatanga."
He removed the government's interests in the national economy and sold some of his organizations.,"Ka tangohia e ia ngā pānga o te kāwanatanga ki runga i te ōhanga o te motu, ka hokona ētahi o ana whakahaere."
"In addition to this, it poses threats to government welfare.","I tua atu i tēnei, ka puta ana tuma ki te toko i te ora kāwanatanga."
"Many will look at these actions of his, as breaking the tradition that says, one person is not greater than another.","Ka tirohia e te rahi ēnei mahi āna, pēnei i te takahi i te tikanga e mea ana, kāore tētahi tangata e nui ake i tētahi atu."
"In the international movement, the Labor government did not accept the nuclear launch program.","I roto i ngā nekeneke o te ao, kāore te kāwanatanga Reipa i whakaae ki ngā kaupapa pana karihi."
This caused problems with communications with the United States.,Nā tēnei ka raruraru ngā whakawhitiwhitinga me te Hononga o Amerika.
National and Labour,Nāhinara me Reipa
The National government of 1990-99 had the same agenda as Labour; the Employment Contract Act will be approved to open up the labor market.,He ōrite ngā kaupapa i whāia e te kāwanatanga Nāhinara o ngā tau 1990–99 ki ērā o Reipa; ka whakamanahia te Ture Mahi Kirimana (Employment Contract Act) e tuwhera ai te mākete mahi.
"Because of this, the power of unions decreases.",Nā tēnei ka heke te kaha o ngā uniana.
"The government then turned to dismantling state welfare programs, such as pensions.","Kātahi ka tahuri te kāwanatanga ki te wetewete i ngā kaupapa toko i te ora kāwanatanga, pēnei i ngā penihana."
"In 1996 the wiriura kaupapa was introduced as a general election system, allowing smaller political parties to participate in Parliament.","I te tau 1996 ka whakakuhuna te kaupapa whirirua hei tikanga pōti whānui, e whai wāhi ai ngā rōpū tōrangapū ririki ki roto Paremata."
"Despite this, National and Labor remained the main political parties.","Ahakoa tēnei, ka noho tonu ko Nāhinara rāua ko Reipa ngā rōpū tōrangapū nui."
Maori in the 20th century,Te Māori i te rau tau 1900
"Until the Second World War, the majority of the Māori people remained in the countryside.","Tae rawa ki te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, e noho tonu ana te mātotoru o te iwi Māori kei te tuawhenua."
"At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the Kotahitanga party was strong, an expression of the strong will of the Māori people.","I te paunga o te rau tau 1800 me te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1900, e tū kaha ana te rōpū o te Kotahitanga, he whakaaturanga o te manawa kaha o te iwi Māori."
The same is true of Āpirana Ngata's agricultural projects and Te Puea Hērangi's elevation to the Kingship.,He pērā anō mō ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua a Āpirana Ngata me te hiki ake a Te Puea Hērangi i te Kīngitanga.
"In the early 1920s, William Tahupotiki Ratana founded the Ratana Church.","I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1920, ka waihangahia e Wiremu Tahupōtiki Rātana te Hāhi Rātana."
"At the end of the Second World War, Māori people moved to the cities.",I te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka horo te nuku o te iwi Māori ki ngā tāone.
"As a result, Māori became increasingly resentful of their lack of access to economic benefits, including the continued sale of their land.","Nāwai ā, ka tipu te riri o te Māori mō tōna kore whai wāhi ki ngā hua o te ōhanga, tāpae atu ki te hokonga tonutanga o ōna whenua."
"Also, people began to pay more attention to the way the people lived on this island and the Treaty of Waitangi.","Waihoki, ka tīmata te aro whānui o ngā tāngata ki te āhua o te noho o ngā iwi ki tēnei motu me te Tiriti o Waitangi."
Politics and sports,Ngā mahi tōrangapū me ngā hākinakina
"For a long time, sports between New Zealand and that land of human diversity, South Africa, have been taking place for a long time.","Kua roa kē e tū ana ngā hākinakina i waenganui i a Aotearoa me taua whenua whakatāuke tangata, a Te Tonga o Awherika."
"When the South African football team arrived in 1981, the country lost two places.","I te taunga mai o te tīma whutupaoro o Te Tonga o Awherika i te tau 1981, ka tōtara wāhi rua te motu."
"When they returned, the island began to think carefully about how the iwi lived on this island and the place in the Treaty of Waitangi.","Nō tō rātou hokinga, ka tahuri te motu ki te āta whakaaro mō te āhua o te noho a ngā iwi ki tēnei motu me te wāhi ki te Tiriti o Waitangi."
The Māori people are hardworking,Ka kakama te iwi Māori
The Māori people will be stronger.,Ka kaha ake te iwi Māori.
"Because of the alleged breach of the Treaty of Waitangi, some want Māori sovereignty to return to Māori.","Nā te whakapae kua whatia ngā ture o te Tiriti o Waitangi, ka hiahia ētahi kia hoki mai te tino rangatiratanga a te Māori ki te Māori."
In 1975 the Waitangi Treaty Enforcement Panel was created to negotiate claims and resolve disputes.,"I te tau 1975 ka waihangahia te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi hei whiriwhiri kerēme, hei whakaea hoki i ngā whakamau."
"In 1985, the tribunal was authorized to examine violations of the treaty dating back to 1840 and 1975 alone.","I te tau 1985 ka whakamanahia te taraipiunara kia tātari i ngā whatinga o te tiriti atu i te tau 1840, kāpā atu i te tau 1975 noa iho."
Bicultural and multicultural,"Tikanga-rua, takenga maha (Bicultural and multicultural)"
"In the early 1980s, the reo Māori language developed again.",Nō ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1980 ka whanake anō te reo Māori.
It is widely believed that New Zealand is a bi-cultural country.,"Ka hōrapa te whakaaro, he whenua tikanga-rua a Aotearoa."
"At the same time, many immigrants were arriving.","I taua wā anō, tini te manene e tau mai ana."
"It has just been said that New Zealand is a bi-cultural country, and New Zealand will become a country of many origins - this can first be seen in the change in the population, and later in the state of the national administration.","Kātahi anō ka toko te kōrero he whenua tikanga-rua a Aotearoa, ka huri a Aotearoa hei whenua takenga maha – kitea tuatahitia ai tēnei i te panoni o te taupori, nō muri ka kitea i te āhua tonu o ngā whakahaerenga ā-motu."
Immigration from the islands of the Pacific and Asia is a sign that New Zealand is no longer as dependent on England as it was years ago.,He tohu ngā manene o ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa me Āhia ki te mea kua kore a Aotearoa e whakawhirinaki atu ki Ingarangi pērā i ngā tau ki mua.
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
"Links, external resources","Hononga, rauemi nō waho"
Other links and websites,"Ētahi atu tūhononga, pae tukutuku hoki"
Government Archives / Archives New Zealand,Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga / Archives New Zealand
Te Rua Mahara o te Kawanatanga is the custodian of New Zealand's written heritage.,Ko Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga te kaitiaki o ngā tuhituhinga tuku iho o Aotearoa.
They are the custodians of government archives.,Ko rātou ngā kaitiaki i ngā pūranga a te kāwanatanga.
"In addition to information about the objects, the research process and research assistance at Te Rua Mahara o te Kawanatanga, its website has exhibits about New Zealand's history.","Tāpiri atu ki ngā pārongo e pā ana ki ngā taonga, te huarahi o ngā rangahau me ngā āwhina rapu i Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga, kei runga i tana pae tukutuku ngā whakaaturanga mō ngā hītori o Aotearoa."
The National Register of Archives and Antiquities is available.,Ka āhei te Rehita ā-motu mō ngā Pūranga me ngā Tuhinga Tawhito.
Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa / National Library of New Zealand,Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa / National Library of New Zealand
"The Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa has the responsibility to collect, improve and publish documents and other resources related to New Zealand and the Pacific.","Kei Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa te kawenga ki te whakaemi, whakapai, whakaputa pai hoki ngā tuhinga me ētahi atu rauemi e pā ana ki a Aotearoa me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"In addition to catalogs, archival documents, electronic collections and numerous databases, the site also contains images, materials (eg Timeframes, Te Waimano, Old Papers, including the Ranfurly Collection) of electronics, including exhibits about New Zealand's history.","Atu i ngā whakarārangi puka, tuhinga tawhito, kohinga ā-hiko me ngā pātengi raraunga maha, kei runga anō i te pae tukutuku nei ngā whakaahua, mea (e.g Timeframes, Te Waimano, Pepa Tōmua, tae atu ki ngā Kohinga Ranfurly) ā-hiko, tae atu ki ngā whakaaturanga e pā ana ki te hītori o Aotearoa."
New Zealand Archaeology,New Zealand Archaeology
"The National Archaeological Association of New Zealand promotes the discovery of New Zealand's archaeological sites, and organizes hunting programs where national archaeological sites are located.","E whakatairanga ana Te Rōpū Whaipara Tangata o Aotearoa te ketunga o ngā wāhi whaipara tangata o Aotearoa, me te whakapaipai haere i ngā kaupapa hopu kei hea ngā wāhi whaipara tangata ā-motu."
"The website contains information about the group's activities, information about Māori life before the arrival of Europeans, information and photos of archaeological sites, teacher resources and important topics.","Kei runga i te pae tukutuku nei ngā pārongo mō ngā mahi ā te rōpū nei, ngā maramara kōrero e pā ana ki te noho a te Māori i mua i te taenga o te Pākehā, ngā pārongo me ngā whakaahua o ngā wāhi whaipara tangata, ngā rauemi kaiako me ngā ūpoko kōrero nui."
newzealand.,newzealand.
com: the official site for New Zealand travel & business,com: the official site for New Zealand travel & business
This website promotes New Zealand as a destination for international tourism.,E whakatairanga ana tēnei pae tukutuku i a Aotearoa hei wāhi haerenga mō ngā wae tāpoi o te ao.
"This website contains information about New Zealand's people, history, society, environment and key facts about the country.","Kei te pae tukutuku nei ngā pārongo mō ngā iwi o Aotearoa, te hītori, te hapori, te taiao me ngā meka matua e pā ana ki te motu."
New Zealand Electronic Text Centre,New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
The New Zealand Electronic Text Centre's electronic text and image archives are growing.,"Kei te tipu haere ngā pūranga tuhituhinga, whakaahua ā-hiko o te New Zealand Electronic Text Centre."
"One of the collections is the official history of New Zealand's role in the Second World War, some of which are based on JC Beaglehole's letters, as well as documents and photographs from various archives.","Ko tētahi o ngā kohikohinga kōrero ko te hītori whaimana o te wāhi o Aotearoa i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ko ētahi o ngā reta a J.C Beaglehole, te tumu kōrero, tae atu ki ngā tuhinga me ngā whakaahua nō ngā tūmomo pūranga."
Heritage New Zealand Treasure Chest,Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga
The Heritage Trust was established in 1954 to promote the safety of historic sites throughout New Zealand.,No te tau 1954 ka whakatūhia te Pouhere Taonga hei whakatairanga i te haumarutanga o ngā wāhi whai hītori puta noa i Aotearoa.
New Zealand Heritage / NZHistory.net.,Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho o Aotearoa / NZHistory.net.
nz,nz
This website was created by the Ministry of Finance.,Nā Te Manatū Taonga i waihanga te pae tukutuku nei.
"It has information and exhibits about the history of New Zealand, particularly the early European impact and settlement.","Kei a ia ngā pārongo me ngā whakaaturanga e pā ana ki te hītori o Aotearoa, tatū rawa ki ngā pānga tōmuatanga ki te Pākehā me ōna nohoanga."
There are also links to other New Zealand history websites.,He hononga anō ki ētahi atu pae tukutuku hītori o Aotearoa.
The Treaty of Waitangi / The Treaty of Waitangi,Te Tiriti o Waitangi / The Treaty of Waitangi
The government website has some explanations about the treaty.,Kei te pae tukutuku a te kāwanatanga nei ētahi whakamāramatanga mō te tiriti.
"It has a copy of the treaty, an expiration date, information about the Treaty and other links.","Kei a ia he tārua o te tiriti, he wā taka, he kōrero e pā ana ki te Tiriti me ētahi atu hononga."
It's a simple matter that unfolds through the stories and carvings of the real Māori world.,He take māmā te ai i wherawhera noatia i ngā kōrero me ngā whakairo o te ao Māori tūturu.
This changed with the arrival of Europeans and Victorian attitudes to New Zealand.,Ka panoni tēnei i te taunga mai o te Pākehā me ngā waiaro Wikitōriana ki Aotearoa.
Then the songs and stories are played.,Kātahi ka tītīnihia ngā waiata me ngā kōrero.
These days the hokakatanga program has reopened as a part of life.,I ēnei rā kua tuwhera anō te kaupapa hokakatanga hei wāhanga nō te oranga.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Developing the indigenous Māori world,Te hōkakatanga i te ao Māori taketake
Working in the Māori world is just a matter of conversation.,He take kōrerorero noa te mahi ai i te ao Māori.
"There are many stories and songs about food and love, including those about gay sex.","He nui ngā kōrero me ngā waiata e pā ai ki te ai me te aroha, tae atu ki ērā e pā ana ki te moe o te hunga takatāpui."
There are carvings showing male condoms and female condoms as well as onion making.,Hai ngā whakairo kitea ai te ure tāne me te tara wahine tae atu ki te mahi onioni.
The past relationship,Te hōkakatanga o mua
When Tauiwi arrived they saw how the Māori thought differently about this matter.,I te taenga mai o Tauiwi ka kite rātou i te rerekē o te whakaaro a te Māori ki tēnei mea te ai.
"In other words, the Māori ruler had many wives, and they often had sex before getting engaged.","Arā, he maha ngā hoa wāhine o te rangatira Māori, ā, ka ai noa atu i mua i te moe taumau."
Recent studies show that homosexuality is acceptable.,Tērā ngā rangahau ō nāianei he mea whakaae te moe takatāpui.
Racial influences,Ngā aweawe whakatauiwi
"With the arrival of the European way of thinking, behaviors related to food changed.",Nō te taunga mai o te whakaaro Pākehā ka panoni ngā whanonga e pā ana ki te ai.
"It is the same time that the penises are cut from the carvings, and parts of them are removed in the tradition.","He rite tonu te wā ka tapahia ngā ure i ngā whakairo, ā, ka tangohia rānei ngā wāhanga ai i roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho."
Making your friends happy,Te hōkakatanga ō mohoa
"Today, the Māori people and society at large are dealing with the diverse nature of hokakatanga.",I ēnei rā e tūngou ana te iwi Māori me te hapori nui tonu ki te āhua kanorau o te hōkakatanga.
In the 2000s the Māori Development Task Force of the University of Auckland conducted a study on food behavior among Māori.,I te tau ruamano ka whakahaere te Tūmahi Hōkakatanga Māori o te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki-makaurau i tētahi rangahau mō ngā whanonga ai i waenga i te Māori.
"Finally, there are many lesbians and gays who have taken up the word gay as a way of defending themselves in the Māori world, and in the world at large.","Ka mutu he nui te hunga takatāpui wahine mai tāne mai kua kapo ake i te kupu takatāpui hei whakamahukitanga mō rātou anō i roto i te ao Māori, me te ao whānui."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Concepts in the Māori world,Ngā āria ai i te ao Māori
"In the past, the Māori people were famous for celebrating the diversity of food.","I ngā wā o mua, he iwi rongonui te ao Māori mō tāna whakanui i te kanorau o te ai."
"There are stories about the ai in whakairo, waiata and karakia.","Kei ngā whakairo, waiata me ngā karakia e takoto ana ngā kōrero mō te ai."
Kahungunu and Rongomaiwahine,Kahungunu rāua ko Rongomaiwahine
"There are stories about this ancestor of Kahungunu that show that Māori ideas, women and men, are open to diversity.","Tērā ngā kōrero mō tēnei tipuna a Kahungunu e whakaari ana he tūwhera ngā whakaaro Māori, wāhine mai, tāne mai, ki te aitanga."
Kahungunu had many friends.,He maha ngā hoa rangatira o Kahungunu.
"One of these women, Hinepuariari, was asked about the condition of her Kahungunu husband, and she replied, 'My husband is not built like that, he does not slouch, he just lies mostly outside.' When Rongomaiwahine of Te Māhia heard of this story, she decided, 'Because it is a shallow cup, if it falls into the deep cup of Rapa that is open, he will sink into it. "" It was only after Kahungunu heard this challenge that he got up, fell in love and slept with Rongomaiwahine.","Ka uia hoki tētahi o ēnei wāhine ko Hinepuariari ki te āhua o tana tāne o Kahungunu, ka whakautua, ‘Kāore hoki tērā te hanga o taku tāne, kāore e rūpeke mai ana, takoto noa mai te nuinga i waho.’ Ka tae te rongo o tēnei kōrero ki a Rongomaiwahine o Te Māhia, ka whakatau ia, ‘Nā te mea anō rā he kōpua pāpaku, mehemea e taka mai ana ki te kōpua hōhonu a Rapa e tūhera atu nei, pokopoko ana ia ki roto.” Nō muri rawa i te rongotanga o tēnei wero e Kahungunu ka whakatika atu a ia, ka whakaipo, ā, ka moe i a Rongomaiwahine."
Tutanekai and Tiki,Tutānekai rāua ko Tiki
"Tūtānekai is famous for his cancer of Hinemoa, which was carried away by the wind of the flute.","E rongonuitia ana a Tūtānekai i tōna mate kanehe ki a Hinemoa, tērā i kawea atu i runga i te au o te pūtōrino."
"Except before she married Hinemoa, her permanent partner was a man named Tiki.","Hāunga i mua hoki i tāna moe ki a Hinemoa, ko tōna hoa pūmau he tāne tonu ko Tiki."
"According to some, this is a pattern for a man to sleep with another man.","Kei ā ētahi titiro, ka noho tauira tēnei mō te moe a te tāne i te tāne anō."
"In the writings of Te Rangikaheke, Tūtānekai said to his father:","Kei ngā tuhinga a Te Rangikāheke, ka mea a Tūtānekai ki tōna matua:"
Tūtānekai fell in love with Tiki and said to Whakaue.,"Ka aroha atu a Tūtānekai ki a Tiki, ka mea atu ki a Whakaue."
"I will die of love for my friend, Tiki.","Ka mate ahau i te aroha ki tōku hoa, ki a Tiki."
"Then Tūtānekai said of Tiki, 'my gay friend'.","Nāwai ka kī ake a Tūtānekai mō Tiki, ko ‘taku hoa takatāpui’."
"Definitions in William's dictionary (1844), 'relatives of the same sex'.","Ko ngā whakamārama kei te papakupu o Wiremu (1844), ‘he hoa tata nō te ira kotahi’."
Protections,Ngā mōteatea
The marriage of man and woman is celebrated in some of the hakas and songs.,He mea whakanui te ai o te tāne me te wahine i roto i ētahi o ngā haka me ngā waiata.
Some talk about gay love.,Ko ētahi e kōrero ana mō te aroha takatāpui.
An example is the dirge for Pāpaka Te Naeroa who died in the war.,Ko te tauira ko te waiata tangi mō Pāpaka Te Naeroa i mate i te pakanga.
"When this song was published in Ngā m oteatea , the word 'aitia' was changed to 'afwitia'.","Nō te whakaputanga o tēnei waiata ki Ngā mōteatea, ka hurihia te kupu ‘aitia’ ki te ‘awhitia’."
Here's another song:,Tērā tētahi atu waiata:
"You're not a man, you're my girlfriend,","Ehara koe i te tāne, he puhi koe nāku,"
I'm going to bed.,Te ipō ki te moenga.
Aitanga carvings,Ngā whakairo aitanga
Māori sculpture is also a part of the play.,Kei te toi whakairo Māori hoki te taha ai e whakaaria ana.
"The husband's and wife's possessions, as well as their occupations, are also shown.","Ka whakaaturia hoki ngā taonga ai a te tāne me te wahine, tae atu ki te mahi ai."
There is a carving of a couple eating onions on the dining table of Te Puawai o Te Arawa in the British Museum.,Kei runga i te pātaka kai o Te Puawai o Te Arawa kei Whare Taonga o Peretania te whakairo o tētahi tokorua e ai onioni ana.
There is also a car in the British Museum that depicts a man and a woman.,Tērā anō tētahi waka huia kei te Whare Taonga o Peretania e whakaatu ana i te ai a te tāne me te wahine.
There is also a plaque showing a man talking to another man.,Kei konā anō tētahi papahou e whakaatu ana i tētahi tāne e ai ana ki tētahi atu tāne.
On the roof of Rangitihi's house is also a sculpture of some men standing together.,Kei runga i te maihi o te whare o Rangitihi hoki tētahi whakairo o ētahi tāne e tāwhiwhi tahi ana.
"This work was divided, one part was sent to the museum in Leipzig and the other was sent to St Petersburg.","I wāhia tēnei maihi, ko tētahi wāhanga i tonoa ki te whare taonga i Leipzig, ā, ko tētahi i tonoa ki St Petersburg."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Precedents,Ngā āhuatanga o mua
Te aria Māori when foreigners arrived,Te āria Māori i te taenga mai o tauiwi
"When the Europeans arrived, it became clear that the Māori had a different perspective than the Europeans.",I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ka kitea he rerekē te tirohanga ai a te Māori ki tā te Pākehā.
The Māori leader had more wives.,He maha ake ngā hoa wahine o te rangatira Māori.
"In addition to smoking, it is permissible to make love before having sex.","I tua atu i ngā puhi, ka whakaaetia te moe ipo i mua i te whakapākūhā."
The Māori world was carefully considered by British and French explorers.,I āta whakaarohia te ao Māori e ngā kaihōpara o Ingarangi me Wīwī.
"According to Georg Forster, 'Their ideas of female chastity are, in this respect so different from ours, that a girl may favor a number of lovers without any detriment to her character; but if she marries, conjugal fidelity is exacted from her with the greatest rigour' if he sleeps for real, he should stick to it).","E ai ki a Georg Forster, ‘Their ideas of female chastity are, in this respect so different from ours, that a girl may favour a number of lovers without any detriment to her character; but if she marries, conjugal fidelity is exacted from her with the greatest rigour' (He rerekē rawa ō rātou whakaaro mō te kore ai a te wahine."
"According to Julien Crozet, '[Māori] gave us to understand by signs that we must not touch the married women, but that we might with perfect freedom make advances to the girls' don't touch a married woman, but it's okay to ask single girls).",Ākene pea he tokomaha ngā ipo a tētahi wahine.
"Explorers, soldiers and some missionaries slept with Māori people.","Hāunga tērā ka noho tonu tōna mana; heoi pēnā ka moe tūturu ia, me pūmau ia ki tērā)."
"In addition, if the child is born before the actual sleep, they will remain in the tribe.","Tāpiri atu, pēnā ka whānau mai te tamaiti i mua i te moe tūturu, ka noho tonu rātou i roto i te iwi."
It's a historical story,He kōrero o mua
"According to Endeavor scientist Joseph Banks, a sailor stayed with a Maori family and paid to have a woman on board.","E ai ki te tohunga pūtaiao o te kaipuke o Endeavour a Joseph Banks, ka noho tētahi kauhoe moana ki tētahi whānau Māori, ā, ka utu ia kia eke i tētahi wahine."
When the woman gave it to him he saw that it was a boy.,I te hoatutanga o te wahine ki a ia ka kite ia he tama kē.
"When he returned, he was angry, and another girl was given to him, except for another man.","Nō tana hokinga ka whakatakariri, ā ka hoatuhia tētahi atu kōtiro, hāunga he tāne kē anō."
When he got angry again the family laughed at him.,I tana whakatakariri anō ka kataina ia e te whānau.
Banks doesn't know if this is permission to diversify or fraud.,"Kāore a Banks e mōhio mēnā he whakaaetanga tēnei ki te kanorau ai, ko te tinihanga rānei."
There are stories of people having sex with the same sex.,Tērā ētahi kōrero mō ngā tāngata whai e moe tahi ana me te ira kotahi.
Minister William Yate was a missionary who lived with his boyfriend in Waimate for two years and was deported to England for having sex.,"Ko Minita William Yate tētahi mihinare i noho tahi me tana hoa tāne ki Waimate mō ngā tau e rua, ā, ka panaia ki Ingarangi mō te moe tāne."
His work was accepted by the Māori community but opposed by his fellow missionaries.,I whakaaengia tana mahi e te hapori Māori engari i whakahēngia e ōna hoa mihinare.
"When you look at what he does with young Māori, it shows the Māori mindset.",Ina tirohia āna mahi ai ki ngā taiohi Māori ka whakaatu te whakaaro Māori ki te ai.
"According to Richard Davis, '[they] showed no shame.","E ai ki a Richard Davis, '[they] showed no shame."
They simply declared that they were unaware of any sinfulness in such practices and that Yate had not initiated them'.,They simply declared that they were unaware of any sinfulness in such practices and that Yate had not initiated them' (Kāore [rātou] i whakamā.
European concepts,Ngā āria Pākehā
"When the Europeans arrived two centuries ago, prostitution was introduced and Māori beliefs changed.","Nō te taenga mai o te Pākehā i ngā rautau e rua ki mua, kua whakaurua te kairautanga, ā, kua panonitia ngā āria ai a te Māori."
"Because of this, British ideals were imposed on Māori.",Nā tēnei ka whakatauhia ngā āria tōtika o Ingarangi ki runga i te Māori.
This is why a man and a woman should only have sex under the influence of a Christian marriage before having and giving birth to a baby.,"Nō konei ka puta te mea me moe anake te tāne me te wahine i raro i te awe o tētahi mārena Karaitiana i mua i te ai,ā, me whakawhānau i te pēpi."
"Based on these concepts, the analysis of the development of the Māori world began.",I runga i ēnei āria ka tīmata te wetewete haeretanga o te ao Māori.
The condoms of the carvings were cut and the words of the songs and karakia were changed.,"Ka tapahia ngā ure o ngā whakairo, ā, ka hurihia ngā kupu o ngā waiata me ngā karakia."
"In addition to the openness of Māori thought to ai, Māori expressions of the verb ai are translated into Latin.","Hāunga anō tonu te tūwhera o te whakaaro Māori ki te ai, ko ngā whakapākehātanga o ngā kupu Māori o te mahi ai ka hurihia ki roto i te reo rātene kē."
"For example, the word for penis becomes membrum virile.",Hei tauira ka noho te kupu mō te ure ki te membrum virile.
Europeans collected traditional stories and cut them down.,Ko ngā Pākehā i kohi kōrero tuku iho ka tapahi i aua kōrero.
"John White, the man who collected ancestral tales said, 'Nearly all my best tales are tainted with indecency'.","Ko John White, te tangata nāna nei i kohikohi i ngā kōrero tīpuna ka mea atu, ‘Nearly all my best tales are tainted with indecency' (Tata ki te katoa o ngā kōrero pai, he paruparu)."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
The modern world,Te ao hou
Gay,Takatāpui
In the year 2000 many Māori men and women identified as gay.,I roto i te tau 2000 he maha ngā tāne me ngā wāhine Māori e kīia ana he takatāpui rātou.
The word that Tūtānekai used to explain the situation to him and his friend Tiki has been captured again.,Kua kapohia anō te kupu i huaina e Tūtānekai hei whakamārama i te āhuatanga ki a rāua ko tōna hoa a Tiki.
The word 'Takatāpui' is important to Ngāi Māori because it celebrates the ai and the Māori side of people.,"He mea nui te kupu 'Takatāpui' ki a Ngāi Māori nā te mea ka whakamihia te taha ai, me te taha Māori o te tangata."
"Likewise, it will support connections with the ancient world and the changing world of Māori.","Waihoki, ka tautoko i ngā hononga ki te ao tawhito, me te ao hurihuri o te Māori."
Concepts of the new world,Ngā āria ai o te ao hōu
"Apart from the suppression of Māori ideas under European ideas, until the new millennium some changes have been seen.","Hāunga tonu te pehi o ngā āria ai a te Māori ki raro i ngā āria a te Pākehā, tae mai ki te mano tau hou nei kua kitea ētahi panonitanga."
"There is a growing awareness of gay people in the world and in the Māori world, and this can be seen in programs such as Takatāpui in the early 2000s.","Kei te tipu ake te mōhio i roto i te ao, me te ao Māori mō te hunga takatāpui, ā, e kitea ana i ngā hōtaka whakaata pērā i a Takatāpui i te timatanga o ngā 2000."
This is the first gay program for indigenous people.,Koinei te hōtaka whakaata takatāpui tuatahi mō te tangata whenua huri noa i te ao.
around the world.,"I te tau 2010, tērā tētahi taiwhanga whakaatu i ngā mahi toi a te tokorima nō Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, e karangatia ana ko Mana Takatāpui: Taera Tane i whakaatuhia ki te taiwhanga o Te Whanganui-a-Tara."
"In 2010, there was a gallery showing the works of five people from Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, called Mana Takatāpui: Taera Tane, which was exhibited at the gallery in Wellington.","E ai ki te kaiwhakarite ki a Reuben Friend, ‘Ka tiro tēnei whakaaturanga ki ngā takatāpui i Aotearoa i tēnei wā tonu.’ Ka tū te Hui Takatāpui ia tau."
Diversity,Ngā kanorau ai
Some topics that support diversity in the year 2000 are health and wellness.,Ko ētahi kaupapa e tautoko ana i te kanorau ai i roto i te tau 2000 ko te hauora me te ora.
Sexuality is important to the health of individuals and society.,He whai hīranga te hōkakatanga ki te hauora o te tangata me te hapori hoki.
"However, there are some dangers in it, such as death without prevention.","Heoi arā anō ētahi kino kei roto, pērā i te mate ai ārai kore."
Safety information should also be provided for this disease.,Me pū anō ai ngā mōhiohio haumaru ki tēnei mate.
Māori have traditional ways of guiding people.,Ki te Māori kei ngā tikanga tuku iho mō te arataki i te tangata.
Māori work,Tūmahi ai Māori
"In the early 2000s, research on the diversity of Māori perspectives began at the University of Tāmaki.","I ngā tau tīmatanga o te rautau 2000, ka tīmata ngā rangahau e pā ana ki te tirohanga kanorau ai ki a Ngāi Māori ki Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki."
This group invites all kinds of people to talk about things they have seen.,Ko tā tēnei kāhui he pōhiri atu i ngā momo tāngata katoa kia kōrero mō ētahi āhuatanga i kitea ai.
Some remembered their grandmothers or elders talking about things they had seen about homosexuality.,"I maumahara ētahi i ō rātou kuia, i ō rātou kaumātua rānei e kōrero ana mō ētahi mea i kitea e rātou e pā ana ki te takatāpui."
"Finally, those people have a position of leadership in their whānau and clan.","Ka mutu, ko aua tangata, he tūnga rangatira ō rātou i roto i ō rātou whānau, hapū hoki."
"They were not punished, but they were still loved.","Kāre rātou i whakawhiua, engari ka arohaina tonu rātou."
"Māori grew, hunted and gathered their food for their livelihood.","I whakatipu, i hopu, i kohi te Māori i āna kai hei oranga mōna."
Some of the food preparation methods of the stone age have been adapted for the modern language.,"E mau tonu ana ētahi o ngā tikanga taka kai o te ao kōhatu, kua urutaungia mō te ārero o nāianei."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Growing and gathering food,Te whakatipu me te kohi kai
The Māori ancestors brought plants to plant in the two houses.,I mauria mai e ngā tīpuna Māori ngā tipu hei whakatō ki te kāinga rua.
"Kumara, yam, and bread were manipulated so that they could grow in this cold country.","Ko te kūmara, ko te uwhi, ko te taro tērā i rawekehia kia āhei tōna tipu ki te whenua mātao nei."
"In ancient times, the island of New Zealand was covered in thick forest.",I ngā wā o neherā e kapi ana te motu o Aotearoa i te mātotorutanga o te ngahere.
"The Māori are very fond of their rauwhe, aka, palm trees, and their fruit and tree seeds for food.","Ka tino whāia nuitia e te Māori ōna rarauwhe, aka, nīkau, hekaheka, me ōna hua rākau, kākano rākau hei kai."
"The Māori brought the mouse and the dog from Hawaiki, and both were edible.","I mau mai te Māori i te kiore me te kurī i Hawaiki, ā, he kai hoki ēnei mea e rua."
They also ate a lot of birds and seafood.,He rahi hoki ngā manu me ngā kaimoana i kainga e rātou.
Cooking and food preservation,Te tunu me te tiaki kai
Hāngī is a cooking method used to prepare food for many people.,He tikanga tunu te hāngī hei tao kai mā te tini tangata.
Small foods are placed in the oven or cooked on the oven.,"Ko ngā kai iti he mea toro ki roto i ngā ngārehu, ka tunua ki runga ngārehu rānei."
Māori did not invent clay pots.,Kāore te Māori i waihanga kōhua uku.
There is only one cooking method; throwing a hot stone into a container.,Kotahi noa iho te tikanga kōhua kai; he maka kōhatu wera ki tētahi ipu.
"Māori preserve their food by drying, steaming, and roasting.","Ka taona e te Māori ana kai mā te whakamaroke, te kōpiro, me te huahua."
The food is stored in a pantry or two containers.,"Ka tiakina ngā kai ki roto pātaka, ki roto rua kūmara rānei."
Past meals,Ngā kai o mua
"Some foods that are important to Māori are karengo, humu, pikopiko, karaka and toroi (raw kūtai and cooked pūhā.","Ko ētahi kai whakahirahira ki te Māori he karengo, he huhu, he pikopiko, he karaka me te toroī (he kūtai mata me te pūhā tunu)."
Foreign foods,Ngā kai o tauiwi
Foreigners come and bring their new food.,Ka tae mai a tauiwi ka mauria mai āna kai hou.
"The Māori were quick to exploit these new goods, such as wheat, potatoes, corn, carrots, cabbage and other crops.","Ka tere tonu te whāwhā a te Māori ki ēnei taonga hou, pērā i te witi, te rīwai, te kānga, te kāroti, te kāpeti me ētahi atu hua whenua."
"Sheep, pigs, goats and chickens are raised.","Ka whakatupuria te hipi, te poaka, te nanekoti me te heihei."
"Due to the ease of growing potatoes, kumara was forgotten, and due to the rapid fattening of pigs, pork, pork and potatoes became the staple food of the Māori.","Nā te māmā o te whakatipu rīwai, ka wareware te kūmara, ā, nā te tere mōmona o te poaka, ka noho ko te poaka, te pūhā me te rīwai hei tino kai mā te Māori."
"Even today, Māori still enjoy eating kohua, that is, 'boil-up'.","I ēnei rā tonu e pārekareka tonu ana te Māori ki te kai kōhua, arā, te ‘boil-up’."
Modern cuisine,Ngā kai o te ao hou
"At the end of the 20th century, traditional Māori food was revived to be eaten by the modern tongue.",Taka rawa mai ki te pito o te rautau 1900 ka whakaorangia ake ngā kai tūturu a te Māori hei kai mā te ārero o nāianei.
Since then a number of historical resources have been recreated for New Zealanders and overseas.,"Mai i tērā wā kua hanga houhia ētahi rauemi o mua mō ngā tāngata o Aotearoa, me tāwāhi hoki."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Growing and gathering food in the past,Te whakatipu me te kohi kai i mua
Plants planted by human hands,Ngā tipu nā te ringa tangata i whakatō
Māori ancestors brought their edible plants from Hawaii.,Nā ngā tīpuna o te Māori i kawe mai āna tipu kai mai i Hawaiki.
"Some of the foods they brought were kumara, yams, taro and tea.","Ko te kūmara, te uwhi, te taro me te tī pore ētahi kai i mauria mai e rātou."
"The land of New Zealand is colder than the countries where these trees came from, so the Māori adapted their knowledge to grow these trees in their new land.","He māeke ake te whenua o Aotearoa i ngā whenua i ahu mai ai ēnei rākau, nā whai anō ka urutau te Māori i ōna mātauranga hei whakatipu i ngā rākau nei ki tōna whenua hou."
"Gravel, sand, seashells and clay are some additives to fertilize gardens.","Ko te kirikiri, te onepū, te anga moana me te ngārehu ētahi tāpiringa hei whakahaumako i ngā māra."
A gourd is a type of container used to grow trees.,He momo ipu te hue ka whakamahia hei whakatipu rākau.
"Various types of native trees, flax and flowers are planted near the walls to attract birds to human settlements.","Ka whakatipuria ngā momo rākau māori, harakeke me ngā puapua tūtata ki ngā pā hei whakapoapoa i ngā manu ki ngā nōhanga tangata."
There are many varieties of kouka tea grown by the ancestors that can still be found today.,He rahi ngā uru tī kouka i whakatipuria e ngā tīpuna e kitea tonutia ana i tēnei rā tonu.
Haumia plants,Ngā tipu a Haumia
"During the Stone Age, New Zealand was a forest country, full of ferns, acacias, palms, and acacias, so the fruits and seeds of the new home became important to the Māori ancestors.","I ngā wā o te ao kōhatu he whenua ngāherehere a Aotearoa, kī ana i te rarauhe, i te aka, i te nīkau, me te hekaheka, nā whai anō ka whai hiranga ngā hua me ngā kākano o te kāinga hou ki ngā tīpuna Māori."
.,He tino kai te aruhe i ō mua wā.
Fern was a staple food in ancient times.,"E ai ki te tohunga pūtaiao a Joseph Banks i te rautau 1700, ‘ko te aruhe te kai matua i ā rātou kai o ia rā.'"
Animal feed,Ngā kai kararehe
The mouse and dog that were brought from Hawaii were important foods for the Māori.,Ko te kiore me te kurī i mauria mai i Hawaiki ētahi kai whakahirahira ki te Māori.
The moa will be followed to its end.,Ka whāia te moa ki tōna korehāhātanga atu.
"There are other species of birds that can be caught, such as kereru, weka, tui, whio, native goose, takahe and the work of the seabird.","Arā atu ngā momo manu ka hopukina, pērā i te kereru, i te weka, i te tūī, i te whio, i te kuihi māori, i te takahē me te mahi a te manu tai."
"Tangaroa is full of fish, seals, whales, dolphins and seafood.","Kei te tini a Tangaroa ko ngā ika, ngā kēkeno, ngā tohorā, ngā aihe, ngā kaimoana."
"After weaning, these foods become more important.",I muri i te korehāhātanga o te moa ka whai hiranga ake ēnei kai.
"Tuna is also a staple food, and its lung is common in some parts of the island.","He kai rangatira hoki te tuna, ā, ina noa tōna pukahu ki ētahi wāhi o te motu."
Its taste is famous.,E rongonui ana tōna reka.
"Some seafood include tuatua, toheroa, pipi, tuangi, paua, kina, titiko, pūpū, muku and kakahi.","Ko ētahi kaimoana ko te tuatua, te toheroa, te pipi, te tuangi, te pāua, te kina, te tītiko, te pūpū, te kuku me te kākahi."
"While fishing is a man's job, diving for seafood is a woman's job.","Ahakoa he mahi nā te tāne te hī ika, nō te wahine te ruku kai moana."
"During Cook's first visit, Joseph Banks saw the age of Māori seafood.",I te wā o te haerenga tuatahi mai o Kuki mā ka kite a Joseph Banks i te tau o ngā mahi ohu kaimoana a te Māori.
"In 1769 he wrote about a net he found, which was 'about 5 leagues deep and four or five hundred leagues long.' He added: 'fishing is the main industry in this part of the island; the work of the network is in all the villages.","I te tau 1769 ka tuhi ia mō tētahi kupenga i kitea ia, ara ‘e 5 aronui pea te hōhonu, ā, e whā, e rima rau aronui rānei tōna roa.’ Ka mea anō ia: ‘ko te hī ika te umanga nui i tēnei pito o te motu; kei ngā pā katoa te mahi a te kupenga e heipū ana."
"Most houses have hanging nets, and the nets are similar in shape'.","Kei te nuinga o ngā whare ngā kupenga e iri ana, ā, he rite hoki te āhua o ngā kupenga'."
Food habits,Ngā mahinga kai
Each tribe has its own fishing or diving spots.,"Kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi e manaakitia ana ōna anō taunga ika, tumu ruku rānei."
"In the past, some of these places were sacred, because they were a source of livelihood for those people.","I ngā wā o mua he tapu ētahi o ngā wāhi nei, inā hoki he puna oranga nō aua iwi."
In the ruamano year the Māori still collect these foods in these places.,I roto i te tau ruamano e kohi tonu ana te Māori i ēnei kai ki ngā wāhi nei.
Drinks,Ngā inu
"The Māori drink still water, after which seaweed, fruit and leaves are soaked in water as medicine.","He waimāori tonu te inu a te Māori, ka mutu ka rumakina te rimurimu, te huarākau me te rau rākau ki te wai hei rongoā."
"There was no alcohol or tobacco, and the Māori did not really eat spicy foods, even medicines for soldiers who went to war.","Kāore anō te waipiro me te tupeka, ā, kīhai te Māori i tino kai i ngā kai whakahiwa, ahakoa ngā rongoā hei inu mā ngā toa haere ki te pakanga."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Cooking methods,Ngā tikanga tao kai
The food spear,Te tao kai
The Māori never cooked in his own lodge; it can be placed outside or inside the car.,"Kore rawa te Māori i tao kai ki tōna anō whare moe; ka taona kētia ki waho, ki roto kāuta rānei."
Hāngī is a traditional Māori food preparation method for many people.,Ko te hāngī te tikanga tao kai a te Māori mō te tini tangata.
"Hot stones and water are used in the pit, and meat and vegetables are loaded and then spread over leaves or mats.","He mea whakamahi ngā kōhatu wera me te wai ki roto i te rua, ā, ka utaina ngā kiko me ngā huawhenua, kātahi ka tāuwhitia ki te rau rākau, ki te whāriki rānei."
"Today, potato sacks, or fabric, are used as tawhi.","I ēnei rā ka whakamahia te pēke rīwai, te papanga rānei, hei tāuwhi."
The pit is then covered with sand and left for a few hours.,"Kātahi rawa ka hīpokina te rua ki te one, ā, ka waiho mō ētahi hāora."
Depending on the size of the hāngī indicates the length of time the hāngī will be speared.,Kei te nui o te hāngī e tohu ana te roa o te wā e tao ana te hāngī.
In volcanic areas such as Rotorua they use smoke to cook their food.,Kei ngā wāhi puia pērā i Rotorua ka whakamahia te auahi hei tunu i ā rātou kai.
Micronutrients such as fish and fowl are extracted from the soil.,Ko ngā kai moroiti pērā i te ika me te manu ka hukia i runga i te ngārehu.
"A bird is also wrapped in clay or a fish is wrapped in a tree leaf, and then it is thrown on the clay.","He mea tākai hoki te manu ki te uku, te ika rānei ki te rau rākau, kātahi ka makaia ki runga i te ngārehu."
"Because of carelessness in the creation of clay vessels, the hot stone was completely buried in the water vessel.","Nā te kore aro ki te waihanga i ngā ipu uku, puru rawa ai i te kōhatu wera ki roto i te ipu wai."
Food preservation,Te tiaki kai
"If there is a variety of food, the Māori will save it for the dangerous times of the year or for hunters.","Inā te huhua o te kai ka tiakina e te Māori mō ngā wā tūpuhi o te tau, mō ngā kaihaukai rānei."
"The food is also spread out in clay pots, and in the Rotorua area, the food is dried on hot stones.","Ka pāwharatia anō te kai ki roto i ngā ngārehu, ā, ki te takiwā o Rotorua, ka taurakina ngā kai ki runga i ngā kōhatu wera."
"Cucumbers, seafood (such as clams) and fish (such as mango and tuna) are some of the dry foods.","Ko te kūmara, te kaimoana (pērā i te pipi) me te ika (pērā i te mango me te tuna) ētahi o ngā kai whamaroke."
The bib is sewn onto a flax rope and then hung.,"He mea tuitui te pipi ki runga i te taura harakeke, kātahi ka whakairia."
"Meat, fruits and seeds are also fortified.","He mea pāwhara anō te kikokiko, te huarākau me te kākano."
Fatty birds such as chicken are burned and then marinated in their own oil.,"Ka tahuna ngā manu mōmona pērā i te tītī, kātahi ka huahua ki tōna anō hinu."
"Immediately after cooking, the hot oil is removed.","Whai muri tonu i te tununga, ka whakatahaina atu te hinu wera."
"The meat is placed in a pot, then hot oil is poured over it.","Ka purupurua ngā kikokiko ki roto hue, kātahi ka putua te hinu wera ki runga."
The people of Te Waipounamu make pōhā to hold the tea.,Ka whakapupuhi ngā iwi o Te Waipounamu i te pōhā hei pupuri i te tītī.
"Wild food is food that has been smelled, such as koura mara and fish mara.","Ko te kai mara ngā kai kua piro, pērā i te kōura mara me te ika mara."
"After the foreigners arrived, the corn was also threshed, that is, the corn was packed in a basket and then soaked in water for a few weeks until the kernels settled in the bottom of the basket.","I muri i te taenga mai o tauiwi, ka pēneihia hoki te kānga, arā, ka purua te kānga ki roto i te kete, kātahi ka rumakina ki te wai mō ētahi wiki kia tau rawa te kōpiro ki te takere o te kete."
"Despite its smell, it's still good to eat, and after all, it's a staple food for those people who grew up with rotten corn.","Ahakoa tōna haunga, he pai noa iho ki te kai, ka mutu he tino kai tēnei mā ērā tāngata i tupu tahi mai me te kānga pirau."
Shelving of food,Te whata i ngā kai
A shelf is a type of level to hang food before moving it to the pantry or pit.,"He momo taumata te whata hei whakairi kai i mua i te nekenga ki te pātaka, ki te rua kūmara rānei."
The shelf has a roof and serves to protect the harvested food from rats and mice.,"He tuanui tō te whata, ā, he tiaki i ngā kai hauhake i te kiore me te marangai te mahi."
The pit is covered with gravel and sand to prevent water from entering.,Hei ngā pīnakitanga me ngā one kirikiri karia ai te rua kūmara kia kore ai e tau te wai ki roto.
The kumaras were placed on the ledges of the sides of the pit.,He mea uta ngā kūmara ki runga i ngā karinga o ngā tahataha o te rua.
"The pods are checked to ensure they don't rot, and the pods are rotated to keep them dry.","Ka tirohia ngā kūmara kia kore ai e pirau, ā, ka takahurihurihia ngā kūmara kia maroke tonu ai."
"One must rot, it has been said.","Me ka pirau haere tētahi, kua kōterohia."
"Even though it's mushy, it's still delicious.","Ahakoa ka kurehe tōna āhua, he reka tonu te kōtero."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Past meals,Ngā kai o mua
The Engineering,Te Īnanga
It is a small fish that moves up the rivers in the spring.,"He ika iti te īnanga, ka rere whakarunga i ngā awa i te kōanga."
"There are five natural species; inanga, kōaro and kokopu are others.","E rima ngā momo māori; ko te inanga, te kōaro me te kōkopu ētahi."
Each tribe has its own names for the different biological parts of this fish.,"Kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi ōna ake ingoa mō ngā tūmomo wāhanga koiora o tēnei ika."
Huh,Huhu
Huhu is still eaten by some hapū and Māori tribes of the forest and countryside.,"E kainga tonutia ana te huhu e ētahi hapū, iwi Māori hoki o te ngahere me te tuawhenua."
These are made from a round log.,He mea tīkaro mai ēnei i te poro rākau kua popo.
Its taste is similar to butter and chicken.,Ko tōna reka he rite ki te pata me te heihei.
Komata,Kōmata
Tomato seeds (kouka tea or kauka tea) are edible.,"He kai tonu te kākano kōmata (tī kōuka, tī kāuka rānei)."
The komata itself can be eaten by squeezing it and then breaking it from its stem.,"Ko te kōmata tonu ka taea te kai mā te kōwiri, kātahi ka whatia mai i tōna take."
From here other branches will grow.,Mai i konei ka tipu ētahi atu peka.
Flax seeds,Ngā kākano harakeke
It is possible to make a remedy with the seeds of the flax to get rid of the tou.,Ka taea te mahi rongoā ki ngā kākano kōnatunatu o te harakeke hei whakakorere i te tou.
Crooked,Pikopiko
A curved fern curve.,He pihinga rarauhe te pikopiko.
Only seven types of ferns out of 200 species are edible.,E whitu noa iho ngā momo rarauhe o ngā momo e 200 ka taea te kai.
Mouku is the type that can be eaten.,Ko te mouku te momo ka kaha kainga.
"Ground wool is the species that thrives in coastal forests, forests and pine forests.","Ko te huruhuru whenua te momo ka kaha tipu ki te ngahere takutai, ki te ngahere me ngā uru paina anō hoki."
"In the central part of the North Island, it is possible to harvest kelp throughout the year.","I te puku o te Ika-a-Māui, ka āhei te kato pikopiko i te roanga o te tau."
Orange,Karaka
Orange fruit is green before it ripens.,He kākāriki te hua o te karaka i mua i tōna maonga.
In the summer the color changes to orange.,Hei te raumati ka huri te āhua ki te karaka.
Its taste is similar to dates and mangoes .,"He rite tōna reka ki te date, me te mango."
The poison that produces paradise is poison.,He paitini te kano e hua ai te pararaiha.
"After removing the pulp from the fruit, the seeds are boiled for 12 hours to make them edible.","Whai muri i te tangohanga i te kiko o te hua, ka kōhuatia ngā kākano mō te 12 hāora kia pai ai tōna kai."
"To dust the seeds, they are dried in the sun until the skin becomes pale.",Hei whakapuehu i ngā kākano ka taurakina ki te rā kia pahore te kiri.
The seed is then crushed into a powder.,Kātahi ka tukitukihia te kākano hei puehu.
It is mixed with water and applied on clay.,"He mea hanumi ki te wai, ā, ka hoatu ki runga ngārehu."
Forget it,Karengo
"Karengo (or parengo) is a delicious seaweed that is also used as medicine, as a food container, or as a steaming envelope for fish, lobster and other seafood.","He rimurimu tino reka te karengo (parengo rānei) ka whakamahia hoki hei rongoā, hei ipu kai, hei kōpaki koromamao rānei mō te ika, te kōura me ētahi atu kaimoana."
Karengo has a very strong flavor and can be dried or added to soups.,"He tino kaha te reka o te karengo, ā, ka taea te whakamaroke, te maka rānei ki roto hupa."
Spread it,Toroi
"Raw kūtai , baked pūhā, and  kūtai water are the fillings of this Māori delicacy.","He kūtai mata, he pūhā tunu, he wai kūtai hoki ngā kīnaki o tēnei kai reka a te Māori."
Dance,Hekaheka
"There are many types of dance known to the Māori, such as the mushroom, the dance, and the pukurau.","Inā te tini o ngā momo hekaheka i mātau nei te Māori, pērā i te harore, i te hakeka, me te pukurau."
The leaves grow green in the humid forests of New Zealand.,He matomato te tipu o ngā hekaheka ki ngā ngāherehere haukū o Aotearoa.
Mushrooms grow in only a few places.,Ka tipu te harore ki ngā wāhi ruarua anake.
"But when the fungus blooms, the fungus's activity is completely out of control.","Engari ka pua ana te harore, kua putaputa katoa mai te mahi a te harore."
There they are collected and dried for parts of the year.,"I reira ka kohia, ā, ka whakamaroketia mō ngā wāhanga o te tau."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
European foods,Ngā kai Pākehā
Pork and potatoes,Te poaka me te rīwai
"When the Europeans arrived, the Māori quickly spread their food, such as:","I te taenga mai o te Pākehā, ka tere whāwhā te Māori ki ōna kai, pērā i te:"
wheat for breadcrumbs,witi mō te puehu parāoa
"sheep, pork, pork and chicken","hipi, te poaka, te nanekoti me te heihei"
"vegetables such as pumpkins, potatoes, corn, carrots and cabbage.","huawhenua pērā i te paukena, i te rīwai, i te kānga, i te kāroti me te kāpeti."
These new foods grow well in New Zealand and can be grown at many times of the year.,"He pai te tipu o ēnei kai hou ki Aotearoa, ā, ka taea te whakatipu i ngā wā maha o te tau."
This is why natural foods are abandoned and breeding methods are forgotten.,"Nō konei ka whakarerea ngā kai tūturu, ā, ka wareware ngā tikanga whakatipu."
"After the Second World War, Māori lived in cities for a long time.","Kia roa te Māori e noho tāone ana i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua, ka tīmata te hoko kai, ā, ka whakarērea te aruaru, whakatipu kai hoki, me te mahi hoko puehu parāoa me te huka."
"However, they also adapt traditional foods to new foods to produce new foods.",Heoi ka urutau anō rātou i ngā kai tūturu ki ētahi kai hou e hua ai he kai kē.
Cooking pot,Te kōhua kai
"Potatoes are easier to grow than potatoes, and pigs are quickly fattened for food.","He māmā ake te whakatipu rīwai i te whakatipu kūmara, ā, he tere tonu te whakamōmona i te poaka hei kai."
"From there, pork, chicken and potatoes became the staple food for Māori.","Nō konā ka noho te poaka, te pūhā me te rīwai hei tino kai mā te Māori."
Today Māori are still interested in cooking.,I ēnei rangi e ngākaunui tonu ana te Māori ki te kōhua kai.
"Pork loins or bacon loins are good meats for casseroles, as are brisket, loin, and pickles such as squash, squash, and pumpkin.","He poroiwi poaka, he poroiwi pēkana rānei ngā mīti pai mō te kōhua kai, pērā anō te kiko uma, te tōtiti, me ngā kinaki o te kūmara, te kamokamo me te wātakirihi."
Topoi are also baked on top.,Ka tunua anō ngā taupoai ki runga.
Corn,Kānga
Maize was easy to grow in New Zealand and the Māori adapted their cooking methods which resulted in rotten maize.,"He māmā te whakatipu o te kānga ki Aotearoa, ā, ka urutau te Māori i āna tikanga tunu kai i hua ai te kānga pirau."
"It still looks like porridge, but it still smells.","Anō nei tōna āhua he pāreti, engari inā noa tōna haunga."
Corn ash is made from corn husks that are mixed with ash (washed clean) and then boiled until the skin is tender.,Ko te kānga pungarehu ka mahia mai i ngā iho kānga ka whakahanumia ki te pungarehu (he mea horoi kia mā) kātahi ka kōhuatia kia makere te kiri.
"It has sugar, milk, and cream fillings, and it is similar to porridge.","He huka, he miraka, he kirimi ōna kīnaki, ā, he rite tonu ki te pāreti."
Today bacon soda is used as ash.,I ēnei rā e whakamahia ana te pēkana houra hei pungarehu.
"Eight corn is corn that has been shredded and mixed with cornstarch, sugar and corn husks.","Ko te kānga waru he kānga kua waruwaruhia, ā, whakahanumia atu ki te kūmara penupenu, ki te huka me te tākai kiri kanga."
His spear technique is pot or hanging.,"He kōhua, he hāngī rānei tōna tikanga tao."
"It's a starchy food, and it's still delicious as a dessert.","He kai māngaro, ka mutu he reka tonu hei purini."
Flour,Paraoa
"With the availability of wheat and flour, Māori became experts in baking bread.",Nō te wāteatanga mai o te witi me te puehu parāoa ka tohunga te Māori ki te tunu parāoa.
There are three types that are still popular today.,E toru ngā momo e rongonui tonu ana i ēnei rā.
Bread is bread; and baked in the oven.,He parāoa te rēwena; ka tunua ki roto i te umu.
The tau is dissolved by boiling the potatoes.,Ka rēwenatia te tau mā te waikōhua o te rīwai.
"It doesn't matter what its ingredients are, but if a person has been contaminated with red wine for a long time, he will be considered an expert in cooking red wine to make it delicious.","Ehara i te aha ōna kīnaki, engari ana kia roa te tangata e poke ana i te rēwena kātahi anō ia ka kīia he mātanga ki te tunu rēwena kia reka."
"The process of frying bread is that the bread is dusted, then rolled or rolled into individual loaves and fried in oil until golden brown.","Ko te mahi o te parāoa parai, ka pokea te parāoa, kātahi ka poroporotia, ka pōkaitia rānei hei parāoa takitahi, ka paraihia ki te hinu kia kōuraura te āhua."
The bread is rolled out and coated with thyme and honey or cinnamon.,"Ka tīwarahia te parāoa, ā, ka pania ki te tiamu me te mīere, ki te kina rānei."
It's very easy to cook it in the oven or in the oven.,"He māmā noa iho te tunu i te takakau ki roto i te umu, i te pungarehu rānei."
"Enjoy it with butter and soy sauce, or drink it with water.","Inā tōna reka me te pata me te tiamu, hei toutou rānei i te waikōhua."
Festivals,Ngā hākari hāngī
"As the Māori continued to use the pot and the electric stove, the keri became less common and was reserved for large parties and funerals only.","Kia roa te Māori e whakamahi ana i te kōhua me te umu hiko, ka iti iho te keri hāngī, ā, ka waiho mō ngā hui nui me ngā tangihanga anake."
"Today's dishes include chips of amiami bread to complement meats, and desserts such as steamed cake.","Kei roto i ngā hāngī o ēnei rā ko ētahi maramara parāoa amiami hei kīnaki i ngā mīti, me ngā purini pērā i te keke koromamao."
Another dessert is tartar and cream.,"Tētahi purini anō, ko te taraiwhara me te kirīmi."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Today's food,Ngā kai o ēnei rā
Resurrection,Te aranga mai
"Since the end of the 20th century, the world's public has become more aware of regional cuisines around the world.",Mai i te mutunga o te rautau 1900 ka mataara ake te tūmatanui o te ao ki ngā kai ā-rohe o te ao.
At that time healthy eating is also planned.,I taua wā hoki e aronuitia ana te kai hauora.
For these reasons Māori food is growing in New Zealand and abroad.,I runga i ēnei take ka tipu te kai Māori i Aotearoa me tāwāhi hoki.
"Some dishes are adapted for today's taste from authentic Māori food, and some healthy dishes from native New Zealand are produced.","Ka urutaungia ētahi kai mā te ārero o ēnei rā mai i ngā kai Māori tūturu, ā, ka hua mai ētahi kai hauora nō Aotearoa taketake."
Alcoholic and acidic,Horopito me te kawakawa
The leaves of these two plants are harvested commercially.,Ka katohia ngā rau o ngā tipu e rua nei hei ahumoni.
"They are weighed, washed and dried before being crushed into powder or crumbs.","Ka tauinetia, ka horoia, ka whakamaroketia i mua i te tukituki hei puehu, hei kongakonga rānei."
"It is sold as an amiami in amiami bread or as a topping for meat, fish and vegetables.","He mea hoko atu hei amiami ki roto i te parāoa amiami, hei kīnaki rānei mō te mīti, te ika me te huawhenua."
"It can also be mixed into bread, cookies or cakes.","Ka taea anō te whakahanumi ki roto i te parāoa, i te pihikete, i te keke rānei."
Crooked,Pikopiko
"Once the cucumber is scraped, it is washed again to kill the bitterness.","Kia naomia mai te pikopiko ka waruwaru, ā, ka horoia anō hei patu i te kawa."
"Pikopiko is cooked by steaming, boiling, frying, mixing in breadcrumbs, in oil or nuts as a filling for bread or as a nutritious food.","Ka tunua te pikopiko mā te koromamao, te kōhua, te parai, te whakahanumi ki roto i te tau parāoa, ki roto i te hinu, nati rānei hei kīnaki parāoa, hei kai waiwaiā rānei."
It can also be dried and regenerated in water.,Ka āhei anō te whakamaroke me te whakaora anō i roto i te wai.
"When dry, it can be crushed into a powder and mixed with water as a mouth watering supplement.","I te wā e maroke ana rānei, kā āhei te tukituki hei puehu, ka hanumi atu ki te wai hei mahi kīnaki whakawaiwai i te waha."
Pills (non-organic),Pirita (kareao)
Birita (kareao) is a green plant in the beauty of New Zealand.,He tipu matomato te pirita (kareao) ki ngā nehenehe o Aotearoa.
"Despite their thick and mushy appearance, the fresh ends are delicious as a raw vegetable or fried vegetable like zucchini .","Ahakoa te mātotoru me te weriweri o tōna āhua, he reka ngā pito hou hei huawhenua mata, huawhenua parai rānei pērā i te zucchini."
Food withdrawal,Te tangotango kai
"According to experts who collect Haumia's food, the plant should have three or more leaves before its leaves fall off; this is something that will grow again through the next generations.","E ai ki ngā mātanga kohi i ngā kai a Haumia, kia toru, nui ake rānei ngā rau o te tipu i mua i te katonga o ōna rau; he mea tēnei e tipu anō ai mā ngā whakatipuranga o muri."
"Finally, they should understand their environment and the growth factors that should be taken to continue growing for the next generations.",Ka mutu kia mārama tonu rātou ki tō rātou taiao me ngā āhuatanga tipu e tika ai te tangotango kia pihipihi tonu mā ngā whakatipuranga kei te whai ake.
"The Māori were quick to pick up foods that had been brought to New Zealand by the Europeans - growing potatoes, trading pigs with other peoples, planting wheat and setting up mills.","Tere tonu te Māori ki te kapo ake i ngā kai he mea mau ki Aotearoa e te Pākehā - te whakatipu rīwai, te tauhokohoko poaka ki iwi kē, te whakatō witi me te whakatū mira."
"In the early 1800s, pork and potatoes were the currency of trade.","I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau atu i 1800, ko te poaka me te rīwai hei moni tauhokohoko."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Food plants,Ngā tipu kai
"The early Europeans brought many new foods, such as wheat, corn, potatoes, cabbage, carrots, etc.","He nui ngā kai hou i mauria mai e ngā Pākehā tōmua, pērā i te witi, te kānga, te rīwai, te kāpeti, te kāroti, aha atu."
An American whaler brought to New Zealand a species of kumara larger than the Maori.,Nā tētahi kaipatu tohorā nō Amerika i mau ki Aotearoa tētahi momo kūmara nui atu i ā te Māori.
Animals,Ngā kararehe
"Before the arrival of Europeans, the meat of dogs, mice and birds was the only animal meat on land that Māori could eat.","I mua i te taenga o te Pākehā, ko te kiko o te kurī, te kiore me te manu anake te kiko kararehe ki uta hei kai mā te Māori."
"Early explorers brought pork, pork, and chicken.","Mauria ai e ngā kaihōpara tōmua te poaka, te nanekoti, te heihei."
The governor of Norfolk Island sent a lot of pigs to the Northern leaders.,He nui ngā poaka nā te kāwana o te moutere o Norfolk i tuku ki ngā rangatira o Te Tai Tokerau.
"Eventually, pigs became a trade between Māori people and between Māori people and Europeans.","Nāwai, ka noho te poaka hei tauhokohokonga i waenganui i ngā iwi Māori, i waenganui hoki i ngā iwi Māori me te Pākehā."
Potatoes,Rīwai
"Not long after Europeans arrived in New Zealand, the Māori began growing potatoes.","Kāore noa iho i roa i te taenga o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa, ka tīmata te whakatipu a te Māori i te rīwai."
"Potatoes look and grow the same way as kumara, however, the difference is that potatoes can be grown in cooler areas, and the yields are high at harvest.","He rite te āhua, he rite hoki te whakatipu o te rīwai ki te kūmara, heoi, ko te rerekētanga, ka taea te whakatipu i te rīwai ki ngā wāhi mātao ake, ā, he nui ngā hua i te hauhaketanga."
Food for money,Te kai hei moni
"In the early 1800s, pork and potatoes became a currency; that is, in 1820, one gun was worth 200 baskets of potatoes or 15 pigs.","I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau atu i 1800, ka noho te poaka me te rīwai hei moni whitiwhiti; arā, i te tau 1820, e 200 kete rīwai, e 15 poaka rānei te utu mo te pū kotahi."
"In the 1840s, one horse cost 40 pigs.","I te tekau tau atu i 1840, e 40 poaka te utu mō te hōiho kotahi."
Trade and anger,Te tauhokohoko me te riri
"Māori traded potatoes, pork, corn, etc. with Europeans.","Ka tauhokohoko rīwai, poaka, kānga, aha noa atu te Māori ki te Pākehā."
"When an army went through the area, they brought potatoes for food, and they sold the potatoes to get guns.","Ka haere ana he ope taua i te takiwā, mauria ai te rīwai hei kai, ka hokona hoki te rīwai kia riro mai ai he pū."
meeting,Hui
Māori feasts featured a lot of pork and potatoes.,He nui te poaka me te rīwai i ngā hākari a te Māori.
"A big party was held in 1881, with over 3,000 baskets of potatoes and hundreds of pigs at the feast.","Ka tū tētahi hui nui i te tau 1881, neke atu i te 3,000 ngā kete rīwai, me ngā hia rau poaka i te hākari."
Wheat,Witi
"Māori soaked wheat to sell to New Zealanders, including Australia.","Ka rumaki witi te Māori hei hoko ki ngā tāngata whai o Aotearoa, tae atu ki Ahitereiria."
In the beginning the mills were powered by hand.,I te tīmatanga he mea pana ā-ringa ngā mira.
"Eventually, water mills were built.","Nāwai, ka whakatūria ngā mira wairere."
"Missionaries and Europeans encouraged the Māori to grow wheat, and money was given to build mills, the price being land.","Ka whakatenatena ngā mihinare me ngā Pākehā i te Māori kia whakatipu i te witi, ka tukuna hoki he moni hei hanga mira, ko te whenua te utu."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Early objects,Ngā taonga tōmua
New plants,Ngā tipu hou
Many plants were brought to New Zealand by early European explorers.,He nui ngā tipu i mauria ki Aotearoa e ngā kaihōpara Pākehā tōmua.
"In December 1769, the French explorer Captain Jean Francois Marie de Surville left wheat, beans and rice in New Zealand.","Nō te marama o Tīhema i te tau 1769, ka whakarerea iho e te kaihōpara Wīwī e Kāpene Jean Francois Marie de Surville he witi, he pī, he raihi ki Aotearoa."
"After all, in 1772 Marc Joseph Marion du Fresne planted wheat, corn, potatoes, etc. on the island of Moturua in Pēwhairangi.","Whāia, nō te tau 1772 ka whakatō e Marc Joseph Marion du Fresne he witi, he kānga, he rīwai, aha atu ki te moutere o Moturua i Pēwhairangi."
"In 1773, Captain Cook and pilot Tobias Furneaux planted a garden of potatoes, carrots, turnips, cabbage, leeks, turnips, parsley, turnips, spinach, beans, kidney beans, peas, turnips and wheat.","Nō te tau 1773 ka whakatō a Kāpene Kuki rāua ko te kaiurungi a Tobias Furneaux i tētahi māra kī ana i te rīwai, te kāroti, te uhitea, te kāpeti, te rīki, te rikiroa, te pahiri, te uhikura, te panikakā, te kano pīni, te pīni takihi (kidney bean), te pī, te keha me te witi."
"In the same year, in the Te Kauae-o-Māui region, Kuki gave seeds of wheat, beans, peas, cabbage, turnips, onions, carrots, yams, yams to the chief Tuanui.","Nō taua tau anō, i te takiwā o Te Kauae-o-Māui, ka hoatu e Kuki he purapura witi, pīni, pī, kāpeti, keha, riki, kāroti, uhitea, uwhi ki te rangatira a Tuanui."
Plants in Te Wai Pounamu,Ngā tipu i Te Wai Pounamu
"When Cook went to New Zealand for the third time in 1777, he returned to see the plantations he and his crew had planted; however, all is gone.","I te hekenga tuatoru o Kuki ki Aotearoa i te tau 1777, ka hoki a ia ki te mātaki i ngā māra i whakatōkia e rātou ko āna kauhoe; heoi, kua kore katoa."
"In addition, there were some cabbage, onion, radish, purslane, radish, and potato plants left in the fields planted by Furneaux.","Hāunga, i toe ētahi tipu kāpeti, riki, rikiroa, purslane, uhikura, rīwai ki ngā māra nā Furneaux i whakatō."
By 1810 the people of Te Ara-a-Kiwa were planting potatoes to sell.,Tae rawa ki te tau 1810 i te whakatō ngā iwi o Te Ara-a-Kiwa i te rīwai hei hoko.
"It is possible that these potatoes came from fields planted in Tōtaranui, and were spread using Ngāi Tahu systems in parts of Te Wai Pounamu.","Tērā pea i ahu mai ēnei rīwai i ngā māra i whakatōkia ki Tōtaranui, ka hōpara mā ngā pūnaha a Ngāi Tahu ki ngā moka o Te Wai Pounamu."
"In 1820, Bellingshausen, the Russian explorer, saw Māori growing potatoes in Tōtaranui.","I te tau 1820, ka kite a Bellingshausen, te kaihōpara nō Rūhia, i te Māori e whakatipu rīwai ana ki Tōtaranui."
Cabbage grows naturally in the area.,Tipu noa ai te kāpeti i te takiwā.
North Island plants,Ngā tipu i Te Ika-a-Māui
"By 1801, the potato had grown in Paraguay; until 1805 potatoes were being sold in Bairangi.","Tatū ki te tau 1801, kua tipu te rīwai ki Parawai; tae ki te tau 1805 e hokona ana he rīwai ki Pēwhairangi."
"These potatoes may have come from Marion du Fresne's garden in Péwhairangi, or from seeds sent by Lieutenant Governor Phillip King of Norfolk Island in 1793.","I ahu mai pea ēnei rīwai i te māra o Marion du Fresne i Pēwhairangi, i ngā purapura rānei he mea tuku mai e Rūtene Kāwana Phillip King o te moutere o Norfolk i te tau 1793."
"By 1807, cabbage had spread to parts of the North.","Tatū ki te tau 1807, kua hōrapa te kāpeti ki ngā moka o Te Tai Tokerau."
It is believed that the first cabbages of the East come from those given by Captain Cook to Tuanui in the last century.,Ko te whakapae i ahu mai ngā kāpeti tōmua o Te Tai Rāwhiti i ērā nā Kāpene Kuki i hoatu ki a Tuanui i tērā rau tau.
New animals,Ngā kararehe hou
In 1769 de Surville gave two pigs to the Māori of Taipa in North Tai.,I te tau 1769 ka hoatu e de Surville ētahi poaka e rua ki ngā Māori o Taipā i Te Tai Tokerau.
"During Kuki's second and third migrations, many pigs were sent to Tōtaranui, and four were provided to Tuanui, leader of Te Matau-a-Māui.","I ngā hekenga tuarua, tuatoru a Kuki, he nui ngā poaka i tukuna ki Tōtaranui, ā, e whā i whakaratoa ki a Tuanui, rangatira o Te Matau-a-Māui."
Te Wai Pounamu's bush pigs are believed to have originated from Cook.,Ko te whakapae i ahu mai ngā poaka puihi o Te Wai Pounamu i a Kuki.
These pigs are called kooky caps.,Kīia ai ēnei poaka he kāpene kuki.
In 1773 and 1777 Cook released a nanekoti.,Nō te tau 1773 me te tau 1777 ka tukuna noatia e Kuki he nanekoti.
"In 1773, he gave three chickens and two tames to the Māori of Tōtaranui.","I te tau 1773 anō, ka hoatu e ia ngā heihei e toru me ngā tame e rua ki ngā Māori o Tōtaranui."
He also left two chickens and three tames in Tōtaranui.,Nāna anō i whakarere ngā heihei e rua me ngā tame e toru ki Tōtaranui.
"At the end of that year of 1773, Furneaux saw some chickens laying eggs in the forest.","I te paunga o taua tau o 1773, ka kite a Furneaux mā i ētahi heihei e paopao hua ana i te ngahere."
"In 1793 Governor King of Norfolk Island gave 12 pigs to Tukitahua, one of the two chiefs kidnapped in Norfolk.","I te tau 1793 ka tuku a Kāwana King o te moutere o Norfolk i ngā poaka e 12 ki a Tukitahua, tetahi o ngā rangatira tokorua i kahakina ki Norfolk."
By 1795 only one pig was alive.,Kia tae ki te tau 1795 kotahi anake te poaka e ora ana.
Then King befriended Te Pahi and sent 56 pigs on three ships in 1804 and 1805.,"Kātahi ka whakahoahoa a King ki a Te Pahi, ka tukua ngā poaka e 56 mā runga i ngā kaipuke e toru i ngā tau 1804 me 1805."
It is believed that these were the first pigs in the North Island.,"Ko te whakapae, koia nei pea ngā poaka tōmua o Te Ika-a-Máui."
In 1805 the Māori began to sell pigs to Europeans.,Nō te tau 1805 ka tīmata te Māori ki te hoko poaka ki te Pākehā.
"Other animals, other plants","Ētahi atu kararehe, ētahi atu tipu"
Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden) brought the first horses and cattle to Pēwhairangi in 1814.,Nā Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden) ngā hōiho me ngā kau tuatahi i mau ki Pēwhairangi i te tau 1814.
In 1819 an American whaler brought a larger type of whale than the Maori.,Nō te tau 1819 ka kawea mai e tētahi kaihopu tohorā Amerikana he momo kūmara nui atu i ā te Māori.
"The Māori were quick to point it out, naming that type of kumara, merikana.","Tere kē te Māori ki te nanao atu, tapaina ai taua momo kūmara, ko merikana."
In 1793 Governor King issued a corn ban; until 1816 the plant was wet.,Nō te tau 1793 ka tukuna e Kāwana King he kānga; tae rawa ki te tau 1816 makuru ana te tipu.
"In 1827, trade in melons and peaches began with Europeans in Pêwhairangi.",Nō te tau 1827 kua tīmata te tauhokohoko i te merengi me te pītiti ki ngā Pākehā kei Pēwhairangi.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
"Pork, potatoes","Te poaka, te rīwai"
Great food,Ngā kai nui
"From then on, pork and potatoes were the main foods brought by Europeans to New Zealand.","Mai anō, ko te poaka me te rīwai ngā kai nui nā te Pākehā i mau ki Aotearoa."
Potatoes,Rīwai
"Due to its similarity in appearance and cultivation to the kumara, Māori quickly adopted the potato as their food.","Nā te rite o te āhua me te whakatipu ki te kūmara, tere te Māori ki te tango i te rīwai hei kai māna."
"When he introduced the first potatoes to some Māori in Tōtaranui, Captain Cook mentioned the word 'coumalla' for potatoes.","I tana whakatakanga i ngā rīwai tōmua rawa ki ētahi Māori i Tōtaranui, whakahuatia ai e Kāpene Kuki te kupu ‘coumalla’ mō te rīwai."
"The most important thing about potatoes is that they can be grown in cold countries where kumara does not grow, such as Te Ara-a-Kiwa and Te Urewera.","Ko te mea nui i te rīwai, ka taea te whakatipu ki ngā whenua mātao kīhai te kūmara e tipu, ngā whenua pērā i Te Ara-a-Kiwa, i Te Urewera."
Potatoes are growing well and are growing.,"He pai te tipu o te rīwai, huhua ana."
"For one thing, the kumara garden is sacred.","Ko tētahi mea hoki, he tapu te māra kūmara."
"Similarly, the tapu is placed on the potato.","Waihoki, ka ūhia te tapu ki runga i te rīwai."
"Eventually, growing potatoes became common, and even women and slaves could grow potatoes.","Nāwai, ka noa te mahi whakatipu rīwai, taea noatia ai e te wahine, e te pononga te whakatipu rīwai."
This is where communities grow and thrive.,"Nō konei ka tipu, ka mātotoru ngā hapori."
Pig,Poaka
"Before the domestication of pigs, the only mammals Māori could eat were dogs and mice.","I mua i te heringa mai o te poaka, ko te kurī me te kiore anake ngā whakangote hei kai mā te Māori."
"After all, it is clear to see the best of the pig – 'quick spread, quick growth, eats everything'.","Whāia, he mārama te kite atu i te pai rawa atu o te poaka – ‘tere te hōrapa, tere te tipu, ka kai i ngā mea katoa’."
It's new money,He moni hou
"The web of wealth between iwi, hapū, is important to Māori.","He mea nui ki te Māori te tukutuku taonga i waenganui i ngā iwi, ngā hapū."
This is probably why pork and potatoes spread.,Nā konei pea hōrapa ai te poaka me te rīwai.
Marketing,Tauhokohoko
"From 1803, Māori started trading in potatoes, pork, corn, etc.","Atu i 1803, kua tīmata te tauhokohoko a te Māori i te rīwai, te poaka, te kānga, aha atu."
"However, after Boyd's ship was attacked in Whangaroa in 1809 and all the people on board were killed, the Europeans did not want to trade with the Māori.","Heoi, whai muri i te whakaekenga o te kaipuke Boyd ki Whangaroa i te tau 1809 me te patunga o ngā tāngata katoa o runga, kīhai te Pākehā i hiahia kia tauhokohoko me te Māori."
"It wasn't until the first mission was established in 1814 at Pēwhairangi under Te Mātenga, and under the authority of the Ngāpuhi chief Ruatara, that things started to improve.","Kia tū rā anō te mīhana tuatahi i te tau 1814 ki Pēwhairangi i raro i a Te Mātenga, i raro hoki i te mana o te rangatira o Ngāpuhi rā a Ruatara, kātahi anō ka āhua pai haere."
Ruatara is very interested in growing wheat to feed his people and to sell abroad.,"Tino hiahia a Ruatara ki te whakatipu witi hei whāngai i tōna iwi, hei hoko hoki ki tāwāhi."
"From 1814, the plantations in Pēwhairangi grew large, to feed the ships that landed.","Atu i te tau 1814, ka tipu nui ngā māra i Pēwhairangi, hei whāngai ki ngā kaipuke ka tau."
The focus of the iwi changed to new food crops such as potatoes.,Ka huri te aronga o ngā iwi ki ngā tipu kai hou pērā i te rīwai.
"Potatoes, guns, anger","Te rīwai, te pū, te riri"
"From 1818, the demand for European iron goods, such as guns, grew.","Atu i te tau 1818, ka tipu te hiahia mō ngā taonga rino a te Pākehā, pērā i te pū."
"When he returned from England, Hongi Hika of Ngāpuhi brought a lot of guns.","Nō tana hokinga mai i Ingarangi, ka mauria mai e Hongi Hika o Ngāpuhi te tini pū."
This is where he started to get angry with other tribes.,I konei ka tīmata tana rīriri ki ētahi atu iwi.
"Potatoes are good food for the caravan traveling the Tumatauenga route, except for the small ones that can be carried on long journeys.","He pai te rīwai hei kai mā te taua e haere ana i te ara o Tūmatauenga, hāunga te mea iti noa ka taea te kawe i ngā haerenga roa."
"In addition, potatoes can be traded for gunpowder.","I tua atu, ka taea te tauhokohoko te rīwai mō te pū."
Guns completely changed the way Māori fought.,Nā te pū ka huri katoa te āhua whawhai o te Māori.
"Because of the gun, many leaders such as Hongi Hika and Te Rauparaha were imprisoned for growing flax and making fiber.","Nā te pū ka tini ngā herehere a ngā rangatira pērā i a Hongi Hika, i a Te Rauparaha hei aha, hei whakatipu i te harakeke, hei hārō i te muka."
Blessings to people,Ngā manaakitanga ki te tangata
"In the 1800s, pork and potatoes became central to large Māori feasts.","I te rau tau atu i 1800, ka noho te poaka me te rīwai ki waenganui pū i ngā hākari nui a te Māori."
"For food at a party in 1881, 2,756 baskets of potatoes, 500 sharks, and hundreds of pigs were piled up; quarter of a mile long allowance'.","Mō ngā kai i tētahi hui i te tau 1881, ‘pukepuke ana ngā kete rīwai e 2,756, ngā mangō e 500, ka hia rau poaka; hauwhā maero te roa o te tahua’."
"As a result, some types of potatoes play an important role in the Māori world, and these are called Māori potatoes.","Nāwai ā, ka whai wāhi nui ētahi momo rīwai ki te ao Māori, kīia ai ēnei, he rīwai Māori."
"Until the 1900s, pork and potatoes were still important for human consumption.","Tae rawa ki te rau tau atu i 1900, he wāhi nui tonu ki te poaka me te rīwai hei whāngai tangata."
"For example, Māori are very fond of pork bones and pork.","Hei tauira, he tino kai ki te Māori te wheua poaka me te pūhā."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Wheat,Witi
"In the beginning, the Māori were not interested in growing wheat, because the cultivation process was different, and the shape of the wheat was different from those plants of the Māori.","I te tīmatanga, kīhai te Māori i rata ki te whakatipu witi, he rerekē hoki nā te hātepe whakapaipai, he rerekē hoki te āhua o te witi ki ērā ngā tipu a te Māori."
"The ruler Ruatara heard about the strong demand for wheat in Sydney, so in 1813 he planted the first wheat field in New Zealand.","Ka rongo te rangatira rā a Ruatara mō te kaha hiahia i te witi ki Poihākena, whāia, nō te tau 1813 ka whakatōkia e ia te māra witi tuatahi ki Aotearoa."
The other leaders did not pay attention to him until the wheat had been turned.,"Kāore tonu ētahi atu rangatira i aro atu ki a ia, kia oti rā anō te witi te hurihuri."
"After two years, Hongi Hika showed his wheat field to Te Mātenga.","Whāia, kāhore i pau te rua tau ka whakaatu a Hongi Hika i tōna māra witi ki a Te Mātenga."
Wheat is good for food because it can be stored for a long time and can be traded abroad.,"He pai te witi hei kai nā te mea ka taea te tiaki mō tētahi wā roa, ka taea hoki te tauhokohoko ki tāwāhi."
Mill work flour dust,Mira mahi puehu parāoa
In the 1840s the population of followers increased.,I te tekau tau atu i 1840 ka kake te taupori o ngā tāngata whai.
Māori expands its wheat cultivation to sell in Australia.,Ka whakawhānui te Māori i āna mahi tipu witi hei hoko ki Ahitereiria.
"Eventually, the inefficiency of hand mills became apparent.","Nāwai ā, ka kitea te koretake o ngā mira ā-ringa."
"In the mid 1840's the people of Waikato, Whanganui-a-Tara, Taranaki and Whanganui gathered to buy water mills.","Nō ngā tau pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1840 ka huihui ngā iwi o Waikato, o Te Whanganui-a-Tara, o Taranaki, o Whanganui ki te hoko mira pana wai."
Transporting equipment in the hinterland and west coast was difficult before roads and railways were built.,He uaua te kawekawe taputapu i te tuawhenua me te tai hauāuru i mua i te takotoranga o ngā huarahi me ngā rerewē.
"By turning, the grain is easier to transport to trading places such as Auckland.",Mā te hurihuri ka māmā iho te witi hei kawe ki ngā wāhi hokohoko pērā i a Tāmaki-makau-rau.
Māori farming and European settlement,Te pāmu Māori me te noho Pākehā
"Missionaries and Europeans strongly supported the growing of wheat by the Māori, except that some lands were not suitable for growing wheat.","I kaha te hāpai a ngā mihinare me ngā Pākehā i te whakatipu a te Māori i te witi, hāunga te mea kāore i pai ētahi whenua mō te whakatipu witi."
This is how the pagans thought because of the European way of thinking that the land should be used.,I pēnei te whakaaro o tauiwi nā runga i te tokonga whakaaro Pākehā e mea ana me whakamahi te whenua.
"In addition, there are stories in the Holy Bible that support plowing, wheat and soil sharing as a way to a better world.","I tua atu, kei te Paipera Tapu ngā kōrero e hāpai ana i te parau, te witi me te tiringa o te oneone hei ara ki tētahi ao pai atu."
"Europeans also believe that if the Māori farm the land, they will establish permanent homes, so that most of the land will be available to those who come from abroad.","Ka whakapono hoki te Pākehā, mā te pāmu a te Māori i te whenua, mai kore ka whakatū kāinga tūturu ia, kia noho wātea ai te nuinga o ngā whenua ki te hunga whai mai i tāwāhi."
There is a lot of support for people who grow wheat or build water mills.,"He nui ngā tautokonga ki ngā iwi ka whakatipu witi, ka hanga mira pana wai rānei."
Governor Hori Gray gave loans to many families in the North Island to build mills;,"Ka tuku pūtea taurewa a Kāwana Hōri Kerei ki ngā hapū maha i Te Ika-a-Maui hei hanga mira; ko tētahi here o ēnei pūtea taurewa, kia noho wātea ai ngā whenua Māori ki te Pākehā."
Māori clearly saw that growing wheat was a sign of peace.,"He mārama te kite atu a te Māori, he tohu te whakatipu witi ki te rangimārie."
After that many tribes wanted to establish the unity of 1840 with the British Crown by growing wheat.,Nā whai anō he maha ngā iwi i hiahia ki te whakatūturu i te kotahitanga o 1840 ki te Karauna o Ingarangi mā te whakatipu witi.
"However, in 1856 the prices for agricultural products fell, and many communities were left with only cash debt and their mills were worthless.","Heoi, i te tau 1856 ka paheke ngā utu mō ngā hua ahuwhenua, ka noho te maha o ngā hapori he nama moni anake te hua, kua kore hoki he wāriu o ō rātou mira."
"According to the Māori view of their world, the relationship between man and his world is a relationship.","E ai ki te tirohanga a te Māori ki tōna ao, he whanaungatanga te hononga i waenganui i te tangata me tōna ao."
This relationship is expressed through kaitiakitanga - a practice of protecting the environment.,Ka whakapuakina tēnei hononga mā roto te kaitiakitanga – he tikanga tiaki i te taiao.
"The idea of ​​kaitiakitanga has grown today, and people are trying to restore their environment and culture.","Kua tipu te whakaaro mō te kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā, e ngana ana ngā iwi ki te whakaora anō i ō rātou taiao me ō rātou ahurea."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
This is the guardianship,Tēnei mea te kaitiakitanga
The meaning of this thing of kaitiakitanga is to protect and care for.,"Ko te tikanga o tēnei mea o te kaitiakitanga, ko te tiaki me te manaaki."
It should be said that kaitiakitanga is a view of the world from a Māori perspective.,Me kī he tirohanga te kaitiakitanga ki te ao tūroa mai i te tirohanga Māori.
The guardian's duty is to protect.,Ko tā te kaitiaki he tiaki.
It is an individual or a group that cares for and protects an area such as a lake or forest.,"Tērā ia he tangata takitahi, he rōpū rānei ka manaaki, ka tiaki i tētahi wāhi pēnei i tētahi roto, ngahere rānei."
This guardian position is given by the people who own that area.,Ka tuku tēnei tūranga kaitiaki mai te iwi nō rātou taua rohe.
The Māori perspective,Te tirohanga Māori
"For Māori, there is no separation between man and the land or the environment.","Ki te Māori, kāore he wehewehe i te tangata mai i te whenua, i te taiao."
He is at the heart of the Māori vision.,Koinei ia kei te pū o te tirohanga Māori.
Traditional care methods,Ngā tikanga tiaki o mua
"In the olden days, people followed certain customs when they went out to eat, fish, grow food, etc.","I ngā rā o mua ka whai ngā tāngata i ngā tikanga ina haere rātou ki te mahi kai, ki te hī ika, ki te whakatipu kai, aha atu."
These methods will keep the environment healthy.,Mā ēnei tikanga ka noho ora ai te taiao.
Some of these methods include:,Ko ētahi o ēnei tikanga ko te:
ban on eating in a certain place,rāhui i te mahi kai i tētahi wāhi
follow the calendar's instructions for when to plant and harvest food.,"whai i ngā tohutohu a te maramataka mō ngā wā whakatō, hauhake i te kai."
take the necessary food,tango i te kai e tika ana
"eat for food, not for sport","mahi kai mō te mahi kai, kaua mō te hākinakina"
"birding at the right times – for example, don't birding when it's fertile.","mahi manu i ngā wā e tika ana – hei tauira, kaua e mahi manu i te wā o te whai hua."
"The sacred, the essence","Te mana te tapu, te mauri"
Power is an empowering thing.,Ko te mana he mea whakakaha.
"If a forest has power you will see the abundance of trees, the greenness of the growth of the leaves, the life and the size of the birds.","Mēnā kei te whai mana tētahi ngahere ka kite koe i te nui o te hua rākau, i te matomato o te tipu o ngā rau, i te ora me te rahi o te manu."
One aspect of the taboo is that it can be prevented spiritually.,Ko tētahi taha o te tapu ka āhei te aukati ā-wairua nei.
Sometimes a reservation is made to strengthen the control of the forest or the sea.,"Hei ētahi wā ka poua he rāhui hei whakakaha i te mana o te ngahere, o te moana rānei."
"A ban prohibits the production of birds, fish or fruit from a certain area for a certain period of time.","Tērā ka aukatia e te rāhui te mahi manu, ika, hua rākau rānei mai tētahi wāhi ake mō tētahi wā."
This is the essence that powers life.,Ko tēnei mea te mauri kei te whakakaha i te koiora.
"We need to protect the nature of the forest, rivers, food fields, lakes, and even the ocean.","Me tiaki te mauri o te ngahere, o ngā awa, o ngā māra kai, o ngā roto, tae atu ki te moana nui."
"Sometimes the mauri is planted in a stone, tree, etc., and then worshiped by the priests.","He wā anō ka whakatōngia te mauri ki roto i tētahi kōhatu, rākau, aha atu rānei, kātahi ka karakiangia e ngā tohunga."
Guardianship today,Kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā
The world has become increasingly interested in kaitiakitanga.,Kua nui haere te aro o te ao ki te kaitiakitanga.
"People are returning to restore their culture and environment, through their traditional ways.","Kei te hoki ngā iwi ki te whakaora i ō rātou ahurea me tō rātou taiao, mā roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho a rātou mā."
Ngāi Tahu are the guardians of the pounamu at Te Wai Pounamu.,Ko Ngāi Tahu ngā kaitiaki o te pounamu i Te Wai Pounamu.
Te Āti Awa in Taranaki has made a claim to the government to stop harming their fishing ports.,Kua takoto te kerēme a Te Āti Awa ki Taranaki ki te kāwanatanga kia mutu te tūkino i ō rātou tauranga ika.
"Ngāti Kahungunu, Rangitāne, Muaūpoko and Ngāti Raukawa have united to resist the damage to the Manawatū River.","Kua whakakotahi a Ngāti Kahungunu, a Rangitāne, a Muaūpoko, a Ngāti Raukawa ki te ātete i ngā tūkinotanga ki te awa o Manawatū."
The people of Te Rarawa are trying to save the pigeon.,Kei te ngana te iwi o Te Rarawa ki te whakaora i te kūkupa.
"In addition, kaitiakitanga has been included in some laws such as the Resource Management Act 1991.",I tua atu kua whakakuhuna te kaitiakitanga ki ētahi ture pērā i te Resource Management Act 1991.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Understanding guardianship,Te whai māramatanga mō te kaitiakitanga
"The meaning of kaitiakitanga is to protect, to care for, to care for, to protect.","Ko te tikanga o te kaitiakitanga he tiaki, he manaaki, he atawhai, he whakamaru."
"Needless to say, it is environmental management based on how Māori see their world.","Me kī, he whakahaere i te taiao i runga i te titiro a te Māori ki tōna ao."
Māori's view of his world,Tirohanga a te Māori ki tōna ao
Māori believe that there is a close relationship between people and the environment.,Hei tā te Māori he hononga ita kei waenganui i te tangata me te taiao.
Whatever is in this world has a connection with all living things.,"Ahakoa he aha te mea i tēnei ao, he hononga tōna ki ngā mea ora katoa."
"It is not that the Māori is above other things in the environment, except that he is a part of the environment.","Ehara i te mea kei runga ake te Māori i ētahi atu mea i te taiao, hāunga, he wāhanga kē a ia nō te taiao."
"The Māori are like some of the natives of the world, in other words, they see people as part of the whole of life.","He rite te Māori ki ētahi o ngā tāngata whenua o te ao, arā, tiro ai ia ki te tangata anō he wāhanga o ngā koiora puta noa."
"In order for a person to understand his world, he must understand the relationship between each other.","E mārama ai te tangata ki tōna ao, me mārama a ia ki te whanaungatanga a tēnā, a tēnā, a tēnā."
Patronage is a vehicle for recovery to restore those concepts.,Ko te kaitiakitanga he waka hei whakaora hei whakahoki mai i aua ariā.
Guardian,Kaitiaki
A guardian is a person or group that a citizen can trust.,"Ko te kaitiaki he tangata, he rōpū rānei ka arongia e te tangata whenua."
"For example, a guardian clan lives in a lake or a forest.","Hei tauira, ka noho mai tētahi hapū kaitiaki i tētahi roto i tētahi ngahere rānei."
This kaitiakitanga thing is growing these days.,Kei te tipu haere tēnei mea te kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā.
"The people are trying to fix the problems with the environment, to re-educate themselves in some ways.","Kei te ngana ngā iwi ki te whakatika i ngā raruraru ki te taiao, ki te ako anō i a rātou ki ētahi āhuatanga mai anō."
Effects on the environment,Ngā pānga ki te taiao
"Regardless of race or group of people, its consequences affect the environment.","Ahakoa he aha te iwi, te tōpūtanga tāngata rānei, ka pā ōna putanga ki te taiao."
"Before the Europeans arrived in New Zealand, the Māori killed the moa, and it died.","I mua i te taenga o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa, patua ai e te Māori te moa, ā, mate rawa."
"Also, many forests were burned by the Māori.","Wai hoki, he nui ngā ngahere i tahuna ai e te Māori."
"They also work with trees and plants, animals, the earth and the sea.","Arā atu anō ā rātou mahi ki ngā rākau me ngā tipu, ngā kararehe, te whenua, te moana."
"Apart from that, Europeans also had an impact on the environment when they arrived in New Zealand - the plants, the animals, the land, the sea.","Hāunga tērā, he pānga anō to te Pākehā ki te taiao i tōna taenga ki Aotearoa – ki ngā tipu, ngā kararehe, te whenua, te moana."
"For example, a lot of forests were cleared to make way for agriculture.","Hei tauira, i tahia atu te nui o ngā ngahere kia pai ai ngā mahi ahuwhenua."
Living at risk,Te noho mōrearea
In the 1800's and 1900's the Māori communities and their culture were polluted and almost died.,"I ngā rau tau o te 1800 me te 1900 ka pokea ngā hapori Māori me ō rātou ahurea, tata mate rawa."
The Māori compare it to plants and animals that disappear at night.,Ka whakarite te Māori i a ia ki ngā tipu me ngā kararehe ka ngaro ki te pō.
"For example, the loss of the Huia bird is a great disaster for Ngāti Huia because the bird is a symbol of their identity and power.","Hei tauira, he parekura nui ki a Ngāti Huia te korenga o te manu nei te huia i te mea he tohu te manu nei ki tō rātou tuakiri me tō rātou mana."
Custody of property,Te kaitiakitanga o ngā taonga
"The kaitiakitanga also applies to tools, materials, etc., such as family heirlooms such as korowai, pounamu, whakapapa books, etc.","Ka hāngai anō te kaitiakitanga ki ngā taputapu, taonga, aha atu, pērā i ngā taonga tuku iho a te whānau pērā i ngā korowai, ngā pounamu, pukapuka whakapapa, aha atu."
One's wealth becomes the wealth of his descendants.,Ka noho te taonga a tētahi hei taonga mā ōna uri whakaheke.
These items will be guarded by someone from a carefully selected group.,Ka tiakina ēnei taonga e tētahi tangata mai te rōpū i āta tohungia.
The kaitiaki is to display the taonga or taonga at important Māori events such as funerals.,"Ko tā te kaitiaki he whakaatu i te taonga, ngā taonga rānei i ngā hui nui a te Māori pērā i ngā tangihanga."
There is also that guardian who keeps the information about those things.,Kei tērā tangata kaitiaki hoki e mau ana ngā kōrero mō aua taonga.
Guardianship today,Kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā
Today the kaitiakitanga reflects the past traditions in these different days.,I ēnei rā ka whakaatu te kaitiakitanga i ngā tikanga o mua i roto i ēnei rā rerekē.
People have turned to reviving the environment and culture in their areas.,Kua tahuri ngā iwi ki te whakaora anō i te taiao me te ahurea i ō rātou rohe.
"In fact, they are trying to establish kaitiakitanga in this changing world.",Otirā kei te ngana rātou kia tū te kaitiakitanga i roto i tēnei te ao hurihuri.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Relationship with nature,Te hononga ki te taiao
According to the Māori people have a close relationship with the land and the environment.,E ai ki te Māori he hononga ita tō te tangata ki te whenua me te taiao.
Guardianship will grow from this relationship in this changing world.,Ka tipu ake te kaitiakitanga i tēnei hononga i tēnei te ao hurihuri.
Country people,Tangata whenua
A citizen is a group of people who have rights in a particular place due to the influence of their ancestors in that place.,"Ko te tangata whenua, koirā te tōpūtanga tāngata ka whai mana ki tētahi wāhi ake nā runga i te pānga o ō rātou tīpuna ki taua wāhi."
"There is no separation between man and the land, and it does not mean that the power of man is above the power of the land.","Kāore he wehewehe i te tangata i te whenua, ā, ehara i te mea kei runga ake te mana o te tangata i te mana o te whenua."
"Nature can communicate with people, give understanding, give knowledge.","Ka tarea e te taiao te kōrero ki te tangata, te tuku māramatanga, te tuku mōhiotanga."
Man has to adapt himself to the environment.,Ko tā te tangata he whakahāngai i a ia ki te taiao.
Relationship,Whanaungatanga
"There are some Māori stories that talk about people turning into birds, fish, etc.","Kei ētahi kōrero a te Māori e kōrero ana mō te huri a te tangata hei manu, hei ika, aha atu rānei."
There are also many stories about a person who adjusts his body to the lay of the earth.,He maha hoki ngā kōrero mō te tangata ka whakarite i tōna tinana ki te takoto o te whenua.
These observations show the relationship between humans and the environment.,Ka whakaatu ēnei tirohanga i te whanaungatanga ita a te tangata ki te taiao.
Land liability,Taunaha whenua
A land pledge is a process in which the owner names a piece of land for a part of his body.,Ko te taunaha whenua he tikanga ka whakaingoa te rangatira i tētahi rohe whenua mō tētahi wāhanga o tōna tinana.
Tamatekapua was the leader of Te Arawa who sailed from Hawaii.,Ko Tamatekapua te rangatira o runga i a Te Arawa i rere mai i Hawaiki.
"When he saw the kurae of Maketū he said, 'The kurae is for my generations.","I tōna kitenga i te kūrae o Maketū ka kī a ia, ‘Te kūrae rā mō aku whakatipuranga."
It's the opening of my nose!'.,Ko te kūreitanga o taku ihu!’.
Tia also came on Te Arawa .,Ko Tia anō tētahi i haere mai i runga i a Te Arawa.
"He looked at the area of ​​Rangiuru and said, 'The tropuke up there, come to the mountains, the takapū of Tapuika!'.","Ka titiro a ia ki te takiwā o Rangiuru ka kī, ‘Te toropuke i runga rā, ahu mai ki ngā maunga nei, ko te takapū o Tapuika!’."
Holy land,Whenua tapu
Mananui Te Heuheu was the chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa in his day.,Ko Mananui Te Heuheu te ariki o Ngāti Tūwharetoa i ōna rā.
He asserts his authority and sanctity over the lands in his territory by making them fit his body.,Ka ūhia e ia tōna mana me tōna tapu ki runga i ngā whenua i tōna rohe mā te whakarite i aua whenua ki tōna tinana.
His grandson Tûreiti Te Heuheu explains:,Inarā te whakamārama a tana mokopuna a Tūreiti Te Heuheu:
His body was lying down.,I takoto nui tōna tinana.
One of his kūhā is on Tītī-o-kura and the other on Ōtāiri.,Ko tētahi o ōna kūhā ki runga o Tītī-o-kura ko tētahi ki runga o Ōtāiri.
One of his shoulders was on Paretetaitonga and the other on Tūhua.,Ko tētahi o ōna pakihiwi ki runga o Paretetaitonga ko tētahi ki runga o Tūhua.
"His head is on Tongariro, his body is spread on Taupō.","Ko tōna māhunga ki runga o Tongariro, ko tōna tinana ka hora ki runga o Taupō."
This was done to keep the land sacred and a place for his great power.,I pēnei te mahi kia noho tapu te whenua he wāhi mō tōna mana nui.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Guardianship in the past,Te kaitiakitanga i ngā rā o mua
People and nature,Te tangata me te taiao
In the past there was no separation of man from nature.,I ngā rā o mua kāore he wehewehe i te tangata mai i te taiao.
The health of a community can be seen in the health of their environment.,Ka kitea te ora o tētahi hapori i te oranga o tō rātou taiao.
"For example, if the water in an area is weak, it is a sign that the people of that area are in trouble.","Hei tauira atu, mēnā kei te paruparu ngā wai o tētahi wāhi, he tohu tērā kei te raruraru te iwi o taua rohe."
This is the basis of guardianship.,Koianei te pūtake o te kaitiakitanga.
Living well,Te noho pai
"Through actions, the society and the environment will live well.",Mā ngā mahi ka pai te noho a te hapori me te taiao.
"Activities such as hunting, eating, and fishing are conducted in this manner.","Ko ngā mahi pērā i te hopu manu, te ono kai, te hī ika ka whakahaerehia ai i runga i tēnei āhuatanga."
Some of these activities include:,Ko ētahi o ēnei tūmomo mahi ko:
setting up a reservation in a place that will be spared,te whakatū rāhui ki tētahi wāhi ka tohungia
following the calendar's directions for six and harvesting food,te whai i ngā tohutohu a te maramataka mō te ono me te hauhake kai
prohibition of fishing and hunting,te aukati i te hī ika me te hopu manu
using the appropriate package for transporting each food,"te whakamahi i te kete e tika ana mō te kawe i tēnā kai, i tēnā kai"
taking large amounts of food,te tango i ngā kai e rahi ana
putting plants in the garden to protect food,te whakanoho mauri ki te māra hei tiaki i ngā kai
"use bird repellents when appropriate, not during the spawning season","te whakamahi i ngā tāwhiti manu i ngā wā e tika ana, kaua i te wā o te hua"
"fishing methods – for example, some people go fishing with a very large net pulled by two boats; however, there is only one time a year for this activity.","ngā tikanga mō te hī ika – hei tauira atu, ka haere ētahi iwi ki te hī me tētahi kupenga nui whakaharahara ka tōia e ētahi waka e rua; heoi, kotahi anake te wā i te tau mō tēnei mahi."
Conservation practices of the ancient Māori,Ngā tikanga tiaki a ngā Māori o mua
Tāmati Ranapiri is a descendant of the Ngāti Raukawa tribe.,He uri a Tāmati Ranapiri nō te iwi o Ngāti Raukawa.
"In 1895 he wrote about his people's customs for making kahitu, a dish that can be found anywhere from Paekākāriki to Taranaki.","I te tau 1895 ka tuhi kōrero a ia mō ngā tikanga a tōna iwi mō te mahi i te kahitua, he mātaitai ka kitea i tātahi mai Paekākāriki ki Taranaki."
A woman who was bleeding was not allowed to go to work on shellfish.,Kāore i whakaaetia te wahine e rere ana tōna toto kia haere ki te mahi mātaitai….kāore i whakaaetia te kai māoa.
...neither was she allowed to eat cooked food.,"Ki te puta tētahi wahine e rere ana ōna toto ki te mahi mātaitai, ka taea te mātaitai i taua rā anake."
"If a woman who is bleeding goes out to perform mataitai, she can perform mataitai only on that day.","Aoinaake, kāore rawa e kitea he mātaitai ki taua ākau i te mea kua neke kē rātou i taua ākau ki te ākau kei raro i te mana o hapū kē."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Guardian,Kaitiaki
The root of the word kaitiakitanga is to protect.,Ko te pūtake o te kupu kaitiakitanga ko te tiaki.
"The meaning of care is to care, to care, to prevent, to protect.","Ko te tikanga o te tiaki ko te atawhai, ko te manaaki, ko te ārai, ko te whakamarumaru."
"Therefore the word care derives from the ideas of care and prevention, hence the ethics of care.","Nā reira ka takea mai te kupu tiaki i ngā whakaaro mō te manaaki me te ārai, nā reira te matatika mō te tiaki."
The position of the guardian,Te tūranga o te kaitiaki
"A guardian is a person or a group that takes care of, cares for, prevents, and protects.","Ko te kaitiaki he tangata he rōpū rānei ka noho ki te manaaki, ki te atawhai, ki te ārai, ki te tiaki."
"The gods are the real guardians of the Māori world – for example, Tāne is the god of the great forest, whose role is to protect the forest and everything in it.","Ko ngā atua ngā kaitiaki tūturu o te ao Māori – hei tauira atu, ko Tāne te atua o te wao nui, ko tāna he tiaki i te wao me ngā mea katoa ki roto."
All subsequent guardians followed the example set by the gods.,Ka whai ngā kaitiaki katoa o muri mai i te tauira he mea takoto e ngā atua.
Many hapū and whānau become guardians of a place such as a lake or a forest.,Ko te maha o ngā hapū me ngā whānau ka noho hei kaitiaki mō tētahi wāhi pēnei i tētahi roto i tētahi ngahere rānei.
"They try to preserve the natural resources, to overcome the negative effects on the environment, and to preserve the traditional stories.","Ka ngana rātou ki te pupuri i ngā taonga o te taiao, ki te whakaea i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao, ki te pupuri hoki i ngā kōrero tuku iho."
The guardians,Te hunga tiaki
The Te Arawa people's word for kaitiaki is 'hunga tikai'.,Ko te kupu a ngā iwi o Te Arawa mō te kaitiaki ko te ‘hunga tiaki’.
Here is Suhana Mihinui's explanation.,Anei te whakamārama a Huhana Mihinui.
"Te Arawa uses the word 'hunga', kāpa 'kai', followed by 'hunga tikai'.","Ka whakamahi a Te Arawa i te kupu ‘hunga’, kāpā te ‘kai’, whai anō te ‘hunga tiaki’."
'People' means a group of like-minded people.,Ko te tikanga o te ‘hunga’ ko tētahi rōpū he kotahi ō rātou whakaaro.
The word 'people' also applies to the responsibilities of the community.,Ka hāngai hoki te kupu ‘hunga’ ki runga i ngā kawenga o te hapori.
This view does not appear in the word 'food'.,Kāore e puta tēnei tirohanga i te kupu ‘kai’.
"In addition, the 'caretakers' bring ideas about hospitality, management and prevention.","I tua atu, ka kawea e te ‘hunga tiaki’ ngā whakaaro mō te manaaki manuhiri, te whakahaere me te ārai."
Caregivers' ownership of the land is taken into account.,Ka arongia te mana whenua o te hunga tiaki.
Other guardians,Ētahi atu kaitiaki
Some animals can be guardians.,Ka āhei te noho a ētahi kararehe hei kaitiaki.
"Here is the explanation of Tāmati Ranapiri, an elder of Ngāti Raukawa about this situation:",Anei te whakamārama a Tāmati Ranapiri he kaumātua o Ngāti Raukawa mō tēnei āhuatanga:
A bird of prey will stay alert while the flock is feeding.,Ko te manu taupunga ka noho mataara i te wā e kai ana te kāhui.
"The bird of prey lives to protect the tree it eats; if another bird comes near to eat, he will push it away.","Ka noho te manu taupunga ki te tiaki i te rākau e kainga ana; ki te tata mai he manu kē ki te kai, ka panaa e ia."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Key concepts,Ngā ariā matua
"Mana, sanctity, and mauri are at the core of kaitiakitanga.","Ka noho te mana, te tapu, te mauri ki te pūtake o te kaitiakitanga."
Mana,Mana
"The forest expresses its power through the birds, the trees and the lay of the land.","Ka whakaatu te ngahere i tōna mana mā roto i ngā manu, ngā rākau me te takoto o te whenua."
"The life of the flowers and fruits of the trees, the abundance of birds eating, these are all manifestations of the strength of the power of the forest.","Ko te ora o ngā pua me ngā hua o ngā rākau, te nui o ngā manu e kai ana, koianei katoa ngā whakaaturanga o te kaha o te mana o te ngahere."
"If the forest is very healthy, the Māori will call it green and it will look green.","Mehemea kei te ora rawa atu te ngahere, ka kīia e te Māori he matomato he māpua tōna āhua."
Sacred,Tapu
"If the forest is to express its power, some conservation measures must be put in place.","Ki te whakaputa e te ngahere tōna mana, me whakanoho ētahi tikanga tiaki."
Prohibition results in taboo.,Ka hua i te tapu ko te rāhui.
Mauri,Mauri
A forest cannot survive without its essence.,E kore te ngahere e ora ki te kore tōna mauri.
"With the mauri, the tree will bear fruit, the birds will settle, all those things.","Mā te mauri ka hua te rākau, ka tau ngā manu, ērā mea katoa."
In the olden days there were many and strong management practices in the forest.,"I ngā rā o mua he nui, he kaha ngā tikanga whakahaere i te ngahere."
Tohunga pray on the seed fish or the mauri stone to preserve the mauri.,Ka karakia ngā tohunga i runga i te ika purapura arā te kōhatu mauri hei pupuri i te mauri.
They protect the nature of the forest in order to gain power.,Ka tiaki rātou i te mauri o te ngahere kia puta ai te mana.
Here is Ngāti Raukawa elder Tāmati Ranapiri to explain:,Anei te kaumātua o Ngāti Raukawa a Tāmati Ranapiri hei whakamārama:
"Mauri is the greatest power that comes down from the gods, which makes food grow in the forest so that it does not disappear, so that it does not go elsewhere.","Ko te mauri te mana nui rawa atu taka iho nō ngā atua, e hua ai te kai ki te ngahere kia kore ai e ngaro, kia kore ai e riro kei wāhi kē."
"There is mauri in the earth, in rivers and lakes.","He mauri kei roto i te whenua, kei ngā awa me ngā roto."
"If there are no birds in a mountain or in a forest, or there is no food in a river.","Mehemea kāore he manu i tētahi maunga i tētahi ngahere rānei, kāore rānei he kai kei tētahi awa…ka whakanōhia he mauri."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Restrictions,Rāhui
Preventive care,Te tiaki mā te aukati
A restriction is a restriction placed on an area so that property cannot be taken from that area.,Ko te rāhui he aukati ka ūhia ki runga i tētahi wāhi kia kore ai e āhei te tango i nga rawa o taua wāhi.
"For example, if the fish, birds, or trees in an area are endangered, a ban will be placed on that area as much as possible until those fish, birds, and trees recover.","Hei tauira atu, ki te tūpuhi ngā ika rānei, ngā manu rānei, ngā rākau rānei o tētahi wāhi, ka whakataungia he rāhui ki runga i taua wāhi taea rawa atu ki te wā ka ora anō aua ika, aua manu, aua rākau."
Here is an example from Shirini Moko Mead:,Anei he tauira nā Hirini Moko Mead:
The reservation is to protect the products of the land and water.,"Ko te rāhui hei tiaki i ngā hua o te whenua, o te wai….he rangatira a Tukuha i ōna rā…nāna i whakatū he pou rāhui ki Te Rautāwhiri."
..,Tū ana taua pou ki taua wāhi; kia tae rawa ki te wā ka hiahia a Tukuha ki te rāhui i ngā tuna o te awa o Rangitāiki ka whakairi e ia tētahi o ona kākahu koroua ki te pou.
.,Ka kite te iwi i tērā ka mōhio rātou kua rāhuitia te tuna.
Tukuha was a leader in his day.,Inarā tōna ingoa Te Rautāwhiri (ngā rau he mea kōwiri ki runga i te pou) ka tohu ki te mea i tū tēnei wāhi hei pou rāhui mō tētahi wā roa.
"There is a bit of Murihiku in Te Wai Pounamu, and Ngāi Tahu use a number of reserves there:","Tērā te moka o Murihiku i Te Wai Pounamu, ka whakamahia e Ngāi Tahu ētahi momo rāhui ki reira:"
An example from Ngāi Tahu is called the wakawaka (fishing port boundaries between hapū.,"Ko tētahi tauira mai Ngāi Tahu kīia ai ko te wakawaka (ngā paenga rohe tauranga ika i waenganui i ngā hapū….Hei tauira o te rāhui noa, ko te manu nei ko te hākuai…e ai ki te kōrero ko te hākuai te kaitiaki o te tītī."
...,"Ka rongo ana te taringa ki te tangi o te hākuai i te pō, he tohu tērā me mutu te mahi tītī mō te tau."
"As an example of a common reserve, this bird is the hakuai .","Ka tau tēnei rāhui ā, tae rawa ki te tau hōu."
"In the 1980s, Ngāi Tahu's ban on seafood came into effect.",I te tekau tau atu i 1980 ka tau te rāhui a Ngāi Tahu ki runga i ngā kaimoana.
Rakiihia Tau imposed the ban on the Ngāi Tahu cap area.,Nā Rakiihia Tau i uhi te rāhui ki runga i te rohe pōtae o Ngāi Tahu….i kōrerongia te rāhui i tētahi hui a te iwi ka tū ki Rāpaki i bte tau 1986.
..,Ka tukua te kawenga mō te rāhui o ngā kaimoana ki ngā kaiwhakahaere o te iwi.
.the ban was discussed at a public meeting held in Rāpaki in 1986.,"I tēnei momo rāhui, kei ngā marae o Ngāi Tahu te mana whakaaea te tango mātaitai."
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
Guardianship today,Kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā
It has been found again,Kua kitea anōtia
The power of kaitiakitanga is coming back these days.,Kei te hoki mai te kaha o te kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā.
People are turning to create and publish their traditional knowledge for the protection of their communities and their regions.,"Kei te tahuri ngā iwi ki te hanga me te whakaputa i ō rātou mātauranga tuku iho mō te kaitiakitanga i ō rātou hapori, i ō rātou rohe."
"Life is being restored to the environment, and the traditional knowledge of the iwi about their area is being restored.","Kei te whakahokia mai te ora ki te taiao, kei te whakahokia mai ko ngā mōhiotanga tuku iho o te iwi mō tō rātou rohe."
Exercise of guardianship,Whakamahinga o te kaitiakitanga
There are many examples of guardianship today.,He maha ngā tauira mō te kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā.
Ngāi Tahu is the guardian of the pounamu at Te Wai Pounamu,Ko Ngāi Tahu te kaitiaki o te pounamu ki Te Wai Pounamu
"In 1981, Te Āti Awa filed a claim before the Treaty of Waitangi Authority for garbage polluting their fishing harbours.",I te tau 1981 ka takoto te kerēme a Te Āti Awa ki te aroaro o te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi mō ngā paru e tūkino ana ō rātou tauranga ika.
The people of Ngāti Toa and the residents of Pukerua Harbor in the north of Whanganui-a-Tara put a restriction on the seafood working areas in that area.,Nā te iwi o Ngāti Toa rātou ko ngā kainoho o te whanga o Pukerua i te raki o Te Whanganui-a-Tara tētahi rāhui i whakatakoto ki runga i ngā wāhi mahi kaimoana o taua takiwā.
"Ngāti Kahungunu, Rangitāne, Muaūpoko and Ngāti Raukawa have united to resist the damage to the Manawatū River.","Kua whakatōpū a Ngāti Kahungunu, a Rangitāne, a Muaūpoko, a Ngāti Raukawa i a rātou ki te ātete i ngā tūkinotanga ki te awa o Manawatū."
Te Rarawa is trying to protect the pigeon in their area.,Kei te ngana a Te Rarawa ki te tiaki i te kūkupa i tō rātou rohe.
Challenges,Ngā wero
There are still challenges to kaitiakitanga today.,Arā tonu ngā wero ki te kaitiakitanga i ēnei rā.
"People need to understand the traditional values ​​such as mana, tapu, mauri, and then align the changing world with this.","Me mārama ngā tāngata ki ngā tikanga o mua pērā i te mana, te tapu, te mauri, kātahi ka whakahāngai ki tēnei te ao hurihuri."
"There is one major challenge, the non-Taiwi approach to the kaitiakitanga system.","Tērā tētahi wero nui, te nanao a tauiwi ki te tikanga o te kaitiakitanga."
"For example, for the protection of a forest or a river, the people who own the land, the local governments, the people of that area will participate in the movements, and finally, each of them has a vision, a each other's view of the world and the important things in the world.","Hei tauira atu, mō te tiaki i tētahi ngahere, tētahi awa rānei, ka whai wāhi mai ki ngā nekeneke te hunga nō rātou te whenua, ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, te iwi o taua takiwā, ka mutu, he tirohanga tō tēnā, he tirohanga tō tēnā ki te ao me ngā mea nui o te ao."
Legal structure,Hanganga ture
Guardianship has been enshrined in some laws.,Kua whakakuhuna te kaitiakitanga ki ētahi ture.
There is the Resource Management Act 1991 and its goal is to manage natural resources in a spirit of good conservation.,Tērā te Resource Management Act 1991 me tōna whāinga kia taea ngā rawa o te taiao i runga i wairua tiaki pai.
"According to the law, those who use the natural resources must pay attention to this method of kaitiakitanga.","E ai ki te ture nei, me aro te hunga whāwhā ki ngā rawa o te taiao ki tēnei tikanga o te kaitiakitanga."
"According to the law, kaitiakitanga is 'the protection by the natives of the property of a place under Māori tikanga and based on the idea of ​​saving'.","E ai ki te ture, ko te kaitiakitanga, ko ‘te tiaki a te tangata whenua i ngā rawa o tētahi wāhi i raro i ngā tikanga Māori, i runga hoki i te whakaaro penapena’."
The trusteeship was introduced in the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004.,I whakakuhuna te kaitiakitanga ki te Ture Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004.
Selection,Whiriwhiringa
"Because he has been involved in the law, the explanation of this matter of kaitiakitanga has been closely followed.","Nā te mea kua whai wāhi a ia ki te ture, kua kaha te whāia o ngā whakamārama o tēnei mea te kaitiakitanga."
People are supporting the promotion of kaitiakitanga.,Kei te tautoko ngā iwi i te whakatairangatanga o te kaitiakitanga.
"By enshrining kaitiakitanga in the laws, the government is placing the interests and expectations of the iwi before the wider community.","Nā tana whakakuhu i te kaitiakitanga ki ngā ture, kei te tāpae te kāwanatanga i ngā pānga me ngā tūmanako a ngā iwi ki mua i te hapori whānui."
"Some iwi will sit down to negotiate with groups such as local governments, and why, there is still talk about kaitiakitanga and its place in New Zealand's environmental protection programs.","Ka noho ētahi iwi ki te whiriwhiri kōrero me ngā rōpū pēnei i ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, me te aha, kei te rērere tonu ngā kōrero mō te kaitiakitanga me te wāhi mōna i roto i ngā kaupapa tiaki i te taiao o Aotearoa."
Māori and non-Maori,Māori me tauiwi
Guardianship is a way for Māori to support the responsibilities and expectations of their ancestors.,He huarahi te kaitiakitanga e tareka ai e te Māori te hāpai i ngā kawenga me ngā tūmanako a ō rātou tūpuna.
"In addition, through kaitiakitanga, indigenous people are able to think carefully about the environment and the relationship of everything in the world, including strategies to protect the environment.","I tua atu, mā roto i te kaitiakitanga ka āhei a tauiwi ki te āta whakaaro mō te taiao me te whanaungatanga o ngā mea katoa i te ao, tae atu ki ngā rautaki tiaki i te taiao."
"In the past, Māori textile materials were bird feathers, tree leaves, and animal skins.","He huruhuru manu, he rau rākau, he kiri kīrehe ngā rauemi whatu kākahu a te Māori i mua."
There are many different types of clothes and also different types of korowai.,"He maha ngā tūmomo kākahu, me ngā momo korowai hoki."
His clothes and accessories and his braided hair represent the kingship of the man.,Kei ngā pūweru tae atu ki ngā taonga me te whiri o ōna makawe e tohu ana te rangatiratanga o te tangata.
The korowai is a symbol of power in Māori.,He tohu whai mana te korowai i te Māori.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
"There are many different styles of clothing; in other words, it protects against rain and cold, hides hairy hills, and always shows the power of a person.","He maha ngā tikanga o ngā tūmomo kākahu; arā, he kaupare i te ua me te māeke, he huna i ngā puke huruhuru, he whakaatu tonu i te mana o te tangata."
Materials,Ngā rauemi
When the Māori arrived in New Zealand they quickly adapted to a different climate and brought new plants and animals to use as fabric for clothing.,"I te taenga mai o te Māori ki Aotearoa ka tere panoni rātou ki te āhuarangi rerekē, ā, ka mauria mai ngā tipu hou me ngā kararehe hei papanga mahi kākahu."
"Then they plucked the plants from the ground, flax, kouka tea and herbs, and reached out to bird skins and skins of seals and dogs (of Hawaiki).","Kātahi ka naomia ngā tipu ake o te whenua, te harakeke, te tī kouka me ngā otaota, ā, ka toro te ringa ki ngā raukura manu me ngā kiri kēkeno, kurī (o Hawaiki) hoki."
Weaving,Te raranga
Weaves are made by hand and use weaving and weaving techniques.,"He mea mahi ngā pūweru e te ringa, ā, ka whakamahi i te tikanga whiri me te tikanga whatu."
"Finally, the production of fabric from natural resources is reduced from one generation of women to another generation of women.","Ka mutu he mea whakaheke te hanga papanga mai i ngā rauemi o te taiao, ki tēnā whakatipuranga wahine, ki tēnā whakatipuranga wahine."
A variety of new pattern making techniques also create quality fabrics.,"Inā noa te huhua o ngā tikanga mahi tauira hou, hanga papanga whai kounga hoki."
"At the beginning of the 20th century, weaving began to fade away, but the work of groups and programs revived this treasure.","I te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900 ka memeha haere te mahi raranga, engari nā ngā mahi a ngā rōpū me ngā hōtaka ka whakamāui ake te taonga nei."
Royal robes,Ngā korowai rangatira
Only the leader has certain clothes to represent his power and his kingdom.,Mā te rangatira anake ētahi kākahu hei tohu i tōna mana me tōna rangatiratanga.
"Some clothes are made of dog skin and fur, some are made entirely of bird feathers, and some are made of kaitaka (made of fiber).","Ko ētahi kākahu ka hangaia ki te kiri me te huruhuru o te kurī, ko ētahi he huruhuru manu katoa, ko ētahi he kaitaka (he mea hanga ki te muka)."
Casual clothes,Ngā kākahu o ia rā
"The kaitaka is shorter than the korowai, and these are used to keep out the rain.","He poto iho te kaitaka i te korowai, ā, hei ārai ēnei i te ua."
The kaitaka is made of flax or coca leaves.,"Hangaia ai te kaitaka ki te harakeke, ki te rau o te tī kouka rānei."
In the 2000's the boat was used by boaters.,I te tekau tau 2000 ka whakamaua te kaitaka e ngā kaihoe waka.
"Most of the time it goes straight down, but to get out of the rocky areas, the hole is made with flax or kouka tea leaves.","I te nuinga o te wā mā raro noa iho haere ai, heoi hei ngā toitoi atu i ngā wāhi pōhatuhatu, ka hangā te korehe ki te harakeke, ki te rau o te tī kouka rānei."
Hair styles,Ngā tū āhua makawe
"Hair also indicates a person's status, or if he or she represents the dead.","Kei ngā makawe anō e tohu ana i te mana o te tangata, mēnā rānei ia e tauā ana mō te tangata mate."
Men have many different types of hair ties to indicate where they are from.,He maha ngā momo pūtiki here makawe o te tāne hei tohu ake nō hea ia.
But there were not many types of hair ties for women.,Otiia kāore i rahi ngā momo here makawe mō ngā wāhine.
But there are stories of noblewomen tying their hair before letting themselves be killed or imprisoned.,"Engari kei reira ngā kōrero mō te here o ngā wāhine rangatira i ō rātou makawe i mua i te tuku i a rātou anō kia mate, kia mauheretia rānei."
"Due to the sanctity of a person's head, the leader should comb the hair of another leader.",Nā te tapu o te ūpoko o te tangata mā te rangatira anō e heru te makawe o tētahi atu rangatira.
"Hair conditioners include combs, combs, wood or animal oils.","He heru, he kōkōwai, he hinu rākau, hinu kararehe rānei ngā taonga whakarākei i te makawe."
Schools for the head,Ngā kura mō te māhunga
"Bone or wood combs are only for men, but women carry them.","Mā te tāne anake ngā momo heru kōiwi, rākau rānei, engari nāwai rā ka kawea e te hunga wāhine."
Schools of birds are tied to the head.,Ko ngā kura manu ka rākaihia ki te māhunga.
There are times when the skirt is worn.,He wā ka whakamaua te remu huia.
"When a person becomes pregnant, the acid barrier is strengthened.",I te wā e tauā ai te tangata ka whakamauria te pare kawakawa.
Sometimes a black hat is placed on the head.,He wā anō ka whakamauria he pōtae pango ki te māhunga.
Blue ones,Ngā kahurangi
The hei and pohoi are made of stone and bone.,He mea hanga te hei me te pōhoi ki te kōhatu me te kōiwi.
Hei-tiki is a form of criticism; it looks like a human being.,He momo whakahei te hei-tiki; e rite ana te āhua ki te tangata tonu.
Some items are flavored with beer or oil.,"He mea whakakakara ētahi taonga ki te pia, ki te hinu rānei."
"In addition, bird tails, skin, or scales of birds or live birds are preserved.","I tua atu ka whakamaua ngā hikumutu manu, te kiri, he kura rānei o te manu, te manu ora rānei."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Inheritance,Ngā taonga tuku iho
Species,Ngā momo
"Māori have many hairstyles, jewelry, prints, oils, and tattoos to mark who they are.","He maha ngā tū āhua makawe, taonga, tā, hinu, tā moko hoki a te Māori hei tohu ko wai ia."
"Some dresses are wrapped around the shoulders or at the waist, while others are buttoned or unbuttoned.","Ko ētahi kākahu ka tākaia ki te pakihiwi, ki te tikihope rānei, ā, ko ētahi he tātua, he korehe rānei."
There are many different items that can be worn around the neck and ears.,He maha nga tūmomo taonga ka whakamauria ki te kakī me te taringa.
Some shoulder wraps are raincoats and fringed dresses.,Ko ētahi kākahu tākai ki te pakihiwi he korowai mō te ua me ngā kahu tāniko.
Some soccer jerseys are stiff.,Ko ētahi kākahu tākai ki te tikihope he maro.
Clothing serves as both physical and spiritual protection.,"Hei whakamaru tinana, hei whakamaru wairua tonu te mahi a te kākahu."
"Apart from the position of the man in the world, the clothes of the men were not very different from those of the women.","I tua atu i te tūranga o te tangata i te ao, kāore i tino rerekē ngā kākahu o te tāne i ō te wāhine."
Humiliation,Te whakaiti
"Before the arrival of Christianity in 1814, the Maori used a rope to tie his condom.",I mua i te taenga mai o te Karaitiana i te tau 1814 ka whakamahi te Māori i te taura hei here i tōna ure.
"During Captain Cook's time, women wore uniforms to play soccer.",I te wā o Kāpene Kuki ka mau kākahu ngā wāhine ki te tikihope.
"When Kuki and his men chanced upon some women who were collecting shellfish, the women hid among the stones and did not come out until they twisted a piece of seaweed.","I te tūponotanga o Kuki me ana tāngata ki ētahi wāhine kirikau e kohi mātaitai ana, ka huna ngā wāhine ki waenga kōhatu, ā, tē puta mai kia whiria rā anō he maro ki te rimurimu."
Difficulties,Ngā uauatanga
The status of a person and the area they are from are known through their clothes.,Kei ngā kākahu ka mōhiotia te mana o te tangata me te rohe i ahu mai ia.
"Because of the unity of the people, the power of the iwi is in the nature of the leader.","Nā te noho kotahi o te tangata, kei te āhua tonu o te rangatira te mana o te iwi e pupuri ana."
The best clothes are the ones that have a long network and are tied to rare gems.,"Ko ngā tino kākahu ko ērā i roa te whatunga mai, i rākaitia hoki ki ngā tongarerewa ongeonge."
These types of clothes are only for nobles.,Mā ngā rangatira anake ēnei momo kākahu.
"There are different types of clothes for ayo, planting kumara and tawatakata.","Arā tonu ngā momo kākahu mō te aiō, te whakatō kūmara me te whakatakataka taua."
"The work done by the men of Te Tai East during the planting of the kumara, wearing traditional clothes such as aronui, mahiti, paeparoa, puhoro and patea.","Ko te mahi a ngā tāne o Te Tai Rāwhiti i te whakatōnga o te kumara, he mau i ngā kākahu rangatira pērā i te aronui, te māhiti, te paepaeroa, te pūhoro me te pātea."
This means that the work should be done in a way that will benefit the harvest.,"Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kia rangatira rawa ai te mahi e whai hua ai i te hauhake."
Advocacy of human rights,Te whakatoro i te mana tangata
Leaders also use their clothes to determine their status.,Ka whakamahi anō ngā rangatira i ō rātou kākahu hei whakatau i tōna mana.
A cloak or part of a cloak is used as collateral for something.,"Ka whakamahia te korowai, tētahi wāhanga rānei o te korowai hei taunaha i tētahi mea."
"In one of the first encounters between Europeans and Māori, a chief pledged a gun for himself: I must dedicate this gun to myself before I leave this ship.","I tētahi o ngā tūtakinga tōmua a te Pākehā me te Māori, ka taunaha tētahi rangatira i tētahi pū mōna:"
'' ...,Me whakatapu rawa au i tēnei pū māku i mua i taku wehenga i tēnei kaipuke.
here he took off a piece of cloth from his cloak and tied it to the gun.,"‘’ … i konei ka hūtia e ia tētahi hukahuka o tōna korowai, ā, ka herea ki te pū."
This is why I can no longer sell that gun to another person.',Nō konei kua kore e taea e au te hoko atu taua pū ki tētahi atu tangata.
Ethnic differences,Ngā rerekētanga ā-iwi
The clothes and hairstyles are different in each region and tribe.,"He rerekē ngā kākahu me ngā makawe i tēnā rohe, i tēnā iwi."
There are also different names for the dress in each region.,"Arā anō ngā ingoa rerekē mō te kākahu i tēnā rohe, i tēnā takiwā."
The names of some tribes may be different from the names mentioned here.,He rerekē pea ngā ingoa o ētahi iwi i ngā ingoa ka huaina i roto nei.
The danger,Te mōrearea
"Due to the sacred relationship between the garment and the status of the owner, the earliest royal garments are not very visible.","Nā te tapu o te hononga i waenga i te kākahu me te mana o te kaipupuri, kāhore e tino kitea ngā kākahu rangatira o mua rawa."
"Due to the sacred nature, it is hidden or buried so that its aspects of sacredness do not affect people.","Nā te tapu rawa ka hunaia, ka tanumia rānei kia kore ai ōna āhuatanga o te tapu, e pā ki te tangata."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Adaptation to the new climate and climate,Te urutau ki te whenua me te pāmahana hou
"When the Māori came to Hawaiki, they arrived in a colder country than Hawaiki.","I te taenga mai o te Māori i Hawaiki, ka tae rātou ki te whenua mātao ake i tērā i Hawaiki."
"They also brought with them the techniques of rope braiding, tipona, net printing and weaving.","Ka mauria mai anō e rātou ngā tikanga o te whiri taura, te tīpona, te tā kupenga me te mahi raranga."
They also bring plants for wind power such as kites.,Ka kawea hoki e rātou ngā tipu mō te whatu pūweru pērā i te aute.
This plant is used to make cloth fabric throughout the Pacific Islands.,Ka whakamahia tēnei tipu hei hanga papanga kākahu puta noa i ngā motu o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"However, the kite did not grow green in New Zealand because it was too cold.",Heoi kāore te aute i tipu matomato ki Aotearoa nā te makariri rawa.
"Even so, the kite remains a special memory in the memories of the Māori people, and some used it as ear muffs in the 17th century.","Ahakoa rā ka noho whakahirahira tonu te aute ki ngā mahara o te iwi Māori, ā, ka whakamaua ētahi hei pōhoi taringa i te rautau 1700."
Plant resources,Ngā rauemi o ngā tipu
"Native trees that are related to the kite are houhī, hāuwhi, or houhere (the traditional names for this plant).","Ko ngā rākau māori noho whanaunga ki te aute, he houhī, he whauwhi, he houhere rānei (ngā ingoa ā-iwi mō tēnei tipu)."
The pressure inside the bark of the tree is used in some regions to make fur.,Nāwai ka whakamahia te peha o roto i te kiri o te rākau i ētahi rohe hei hanga pūweru.
The Māori used the techniques they knew and cultivated plants similar to those in Hawaii.,"Ka whakamahi te Māori i ngā tikanga i mōhio rā rātou, ā, ka naomia ngā tipu e ōrite ana ki ērā i Hawaiki."
"The leaves are pounded for weaving, and the shell is used to scrape the flax into fiber or fiber.","Ka tākiritia ngā rau mō te whiri, ā, ka whakamahia te angaanga kuku hei waruwaru i te harakeke kia toitū ko te muka, te whītau rānei."
"These types of plants are flax, kikie, kouka tea, toi, pinggao, sedum, sedum and other types of plants.","Ko ēnei momo tipu ko te harakeke, te kiekie, te tī kōuka whanake rānei, te tōī, te pīngao, te wharawhara, te kōwharawhara me ētahi momo otaota."
"Some are twisted and some are woven to cover the strands, but the core of these is flax.","Ka whiria ētahi, ka whatua hoki ētahi kia tapiki ngā whenu, heoi ko te tino o ēnei ko te harakeke."
Bird resources,Ngā rauemi manu
"The Māori were lucky enough to come to this country, humming like a wingless bird.","Inā noa te waimarie a te Māori i te taenga mai ki tēnei whenua, e haruru ana i te manu kore parirau."
10 species of chicken were hunted and no large skins were wasted during the winter.,"10 ngā momo moa i aruarungia, ā, kīhai rawa i moumouhia ngā kiri nunui i te wā o te hōtoke."
A moa skin wrap was discovered on the hem of a weka coat.,I tūhuratia tētahi hōripi kiri moa i runga i te maurua o tētahi kahu weka.
This garment was made when the moa had died.,I hangaia tēnei kākahu i te wā kua mate noa atu te moa.
"When the moa disappeared, they turned to ground-dwelling birds such as the kiwi, the weka and the kakapō.","Nō te ngaronga o te moa ka tahuri ki ngā manu noho papa pērā i te kiwi, te weka me te kākāpō."
The skins of these three species were used to sew clothes.,I whakamahia ngā kiri o ngā momo e toru nei hei tuitui kākahu.
The skins are then sewn to the tendons of the muscles.,Tuia ai ngā kiri ki ngā io o ngā pūweru.
There are also stories about maros being built in kura kaka.,Arā anō nga kōrero mō ngā maro ka hangaia ki te kura kākā.
"Around the end of the 17th century, women were seen wearing bird skin scarves.",Nō te takiwā o te mutunga o te rautau 1700 ka kitea ngā wāhine e mau ana i ngā maro kiri manu.
"When the moa disappeared, they turned to ground-dwelling birds such as the kiwi, the weka and the kakapō.","Nō te ngaronga o te moa ka tahuri ki ngā manu noho papa pērā i te kiwi, te weka me te kākāpō."
The skins of these three species were used to sew clothes.,I whakamahia ngā kiri o ngā momo e toru nei hei tuitui kākahu.
The skins are then sewn to the tendons of the muscles.,Tuia ai ngā kiri ki ngā io o ngā pūweru.
There are also stories about maros being built in kura kaka.,Arā anō nga kōrero mō ngā maro ka hangaia ki te kura kākā.
"Around the end of the 17th century, women were seen wearing bird skin scarves.",Nō te takiwā o te mutunga o te rautau 1700 ka kitea ngā wāhine e mau ana i ngā maro kiri manu.
Animal resources,Ngā rauemi kararehe
New Zealand is bordered by the sea and Tangaroa.,E awhitia ana a Aotearoa e te moana me te tini a Tangaroa.
"There are still stories about kahu kekeno in the legends of the past, but after the arrival of Kuki, that type of coat disappeared.","Arā tonu ngā kōrero mō ngā kahu kēkeno i roto i ngā paki o nehe, engari nō te taenga mai o Kuki, kua kore taua momo pūweru."
"Around the end of the 17th century, the dog coat became more important as a coat of arms.",Nō te takiwā whakamutunga o te rautau 1700 ka whai hiranga ake te kahu kurī hei kahu rangatira.
Some dog clothes are dog skins that are sewn together.,Ko ētahi kahu kurī he kiri kurī kua tuitui tahitia.
Some cloths are made of shredded dog skin and placed on a fiber base.,"Ko ētahi kākahu e mau ana i ētahi kiri kurī kua tākirikirihia, me te whakatakoto ki runga tūāpapa muka."
This is where a variety of new clothing styles developed.,Nō konei ka tipu ētahi momo āhuatanga kākahu hōu.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Weaving techniques,Ngā tikanga raranga
"Items such as clothing are linked to the spiritual world, due to the heritage of its materials as well as working practices and traditions.","Hei hono ngā taonga pēnei i te kākahu ki te ao wairua, nā runga i te whakapapa o ōna rauemi tae atu ki ngā tikanga mahi me ngā kōrero tuku iho."
"According to the ancestor of Ngāti Awa, Hamiora Pio, the knowledge of weaving came from the wife of Tāne-nui-a-rangi, Hine-rauamoa.","E ai ki te tipuna o Ngāti Awa ki a Hāmiora Pio, ka hua mai te mātauranga o te raranga i te wahine a Tāne-nui-a-rangi, i a Hine-rauamoa."
There is a woman in a flax field.,Aitia te wahine i roto i te pā harakeke.
This quote shows the importance of a weaver to his community.,E whakaatu ana tēnei whakataukī i te whakahirahira o te kairaranga ki tōna hapori.
"From the moment she was born, the woman was born into the art of Hine-rauamoa.","Mai noa i tōna whānautanga mai, ka whānau mai te wahine ki roto i te toi o Hine-rauamoa."
Flax fiber is the main fiber for weaving clothes.,Ko te muka harakeke te tino weu mō te whatu kākahu.
"By adhering to the principles related to the essence of the plant, the essence of the plant, the resources and the life itself will be blessed.","Mā te pūmau ki ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te mauri o te tipu, ka manaakitia te mauri o te tipu, o ngā rauemi me te kairaranga tonu."
The weaver's power also decreased with the items he made.,Ka heke anō te mana o te tohunga kairaranga ki ngā taonga i mahia e ia.
"They have great skills in weaving and looming, that is, the weaving of rugs, ropes, mats, and looms.","He nui ngā pūkenga o te raranga me te whatu, arā, he mahi raranga rourou, taura, whāriki, me te whatu korowai."
They use knowledge that has evolved over many generations.,Ka whakamahi rātou i ngā mātauranga kua whanake ake i ngā tipuranga maha.
The most popular are those made for the princes.,Ko ngā tino puiaki ko ērā ka hangaia mō ngā rangatira.
The value of wealth increases as it is passed down from generation to generation.,"Ka piki haere tonu te mana o te taonga i te tukunga ki tēna whakatipuranga, ki tēnā whakatipuranga."
Weaving techniques,Ngā tikanga raranga
The cloak is woven by hand.,He mea whatu te korowai e te ringa.
"Weaving techniques are used for nets and rugs, and this is where cloth weaving takes place.","Ka whakamahia te tikanga o te whatu mō ngā kupenga me ngā tāruke, nāwai ā, ka tupu te whatu kākahu."
"If the strings are tight, the fabric is stiff, but if the strings are thin, the fabric is soft.","Mēnā he kikī ngā aho, he papanga mārō, engari ki te tātahi ngā aho, kua ngāwari te papanga."
This is similar to fringe weaving.,He ōrite tēnei ki te whatu tāniko.
Taniko is a unique Māori tradition that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.,"He tikanga Māori motuhake te tāniko, kāore e kitea i ētahi atu wāhi o te ao."
Declining the art of weaving,Te whakaheke i te toi raranga
"The knowledge of weaving is a family heritage, that is, from grandmother to mother to daughter.","He taonga tuku iho ā-whānau te mātauranga o te mahi raranga, arā, mai i te kuia, ki te whāea, ki te tamāhine."
There are many ways to confirm the validity of this knowledge.,He maha ngā tikanga hei whakaū i te mana o tēnei mātauranga.
"In the 1950s, this education was in decline, but some educational programs emerged from organizations such as the Māori Women's Association to protect the education related to this wealth, and to ensure the development of the environment for the weavers to download .","Nō te tekau tau 1950 e tino paheke ana tēnei mātauranga, engari ka puea ake ētahi kaupapa mātauranga i ngā rōpū whakahaere pērā i te Rōpū Wāhine Māori hei tiaki i te mātauranga e pā ana ki te taonga nei, hei whakapūmau hoki i ngā tupu o te taiao hei tangotango mā te hunga raranga."
"In 1983, Ngoingoi Pēwhairangi convened the first national meeting for Māori and Pacific artists in Tokomaru.","I te tau 1983 ka karangatia e Ngoingoi Pēwhairangi te hui ā-motu tuatahi mō ngā kairaranga Māori, Moananui-a-Kiwa hoki ki Tokomaru."
Later the New Zealand and Pacific weaving group was formed.,I muri mai ka hangaia te rōpū raranga o Aotearoa me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
Eventually the New Zealand Weaving Association group was formed.,Nāwai ka hangaia te rōpū o Te Roopu Raranga Whatu o Aotearoa.
In the years of the 2000's the weaving works are being imitated in the art works of the modern world.,I ngā tau o te mano tau 2000 e tauiratia ana ngā mahi raranga i ngā mahi toi o te ao hou.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Clothing,Ngā pueru
This quote says:,E kī ana tēnei whakataukī:
"A shirt on the top, a short skirt on the bottom","He māhiti ki runga, he paepaeroa ki raro"
This is the dress of the leader!,Koia nei te kākahu o te rangatira!
Official clothes,Ngā kākahu whai mana
Some of the most popular clothes are dog clothes.,Ko ētahi o ngā tino kākahu he kahu kurī.
"People can tuck their dog's fur inside to keep their body warm, but most keep the fur outside to show the owner's status.","Ka taea e te tangata te whakamau ngā huruhuru kurī ki roto kia mahana ai tōna tinana, engari mō te nuinga whakamaua ai kia noho ngā huruhuru ki waho hei whakaatu i te mana o te kaipupuri."
"It is said that this is the Irawaru altar, and only the nobles can wear it.","E kīa ana koinei te tāpahu a Irawaru, ā, mā te hunga rangatira anake e mau."
Cook recorded his observations of these types of clothing during his visit in 1769-1770.,I tuhia e  Kuki āna kitenga i ēnei momo kākahu i tōna haerenga mai i ngā tau o 1769-1770.
"The lining of the dog coat is made of flax fiber, with dog fur sewn on top.","Ko te papa o te kahu kurī he muka harakeke, kātahi anō ka tuia ko te huruhuru kurī ki runga."
"There are different colors and names of each garment, such as:","Arā tonu ngā momo tae, me ngā ingoa o tēnā kahu, o tēnā kahu, pērā i te:"
Globe.,Tōpuni.
It has black dog fur on the outside and some white parts on the neck.,"He huruhuru kurī pango kei waho, ā, kei te kakī anō ētahi wāhanga mā."
Ishupuni.,Ihupuni.
"It is similar to a toponi, but the floor is white and the trays are black.","He ōrite ki te tōpuni, engari he mā te papa, ā, he pango ngā paepae."
Awaura A type of dog coat.,Awarua.
Outside are black and white feathers.,He momo kahu kurī.
"Māhiti, also a kahu waero.","Māhiti, he kahu waero hoki."
It's a type of clothing that has dog repellent on the outside.,He momo kākahu kua oti te waero kurī te whakamau kei waho.
"The paku, or kuruma, is a cloak that is woven using the flat weave method.","Ko te pauku, pukupuku rānei, he korowai ka whatua mai mā te tikanga whatu pātahi."
"This is why this jacket is so stiff, and it ends up being an angry garment.","Nō konei i tino mārō ai tēnei pūeru, ka mutu he kahu riri tēnei kākahu."
"When immersed in water, the seams of the cloak swell and the person becomes defensive.","Ina ka rumakina ki te wai, ka pupuhi ngā weu o te korowai, ā, ka noho wawao te tangata."
The blade is also wrapped around the hand in one-on-one battles.,Ka tākaia anō te pauku ki te ringa i ngā whawhai tūmātakitahi.
Gentleman's cloaks,Ngā korowai hurumanu
"It seems that from the second half of the 1800s, the status of the korowai manu increased in the eyes of the Māori.",Ko te āhua nei mai i te wāhanga tuarua o te rautau 1800 ka piki te mana o te korowai manu ki te titiro a te Māori.
"An early example of a bird's cloak is the one found on the island at Hauroko, at Tamatea's Te Whakataka Karehu.","Ko tētahi tauira tōmua o te korowai manu ko tērā i kitea ki te motu i Hauroko, ki Te Whakataka Kārehu a Tamatea."
The blue dress is also very rich.,He tino taonga hoki te kahu kākākura.
"Red is a strong color, symbolizing nobility, holiness and power throughout the Pacific.","He tino tae te whero, hei tohu mō te ihi, mō te tapu me te mana, puta noa i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"Because of the quality of the cotton, these types of clothes are also dominant.",Nā ngā kounga o te kākā i rangatira anō ai ēnei momo kākahu.
The hallmark of kura kaka is safety and beauty.,"Ko te tohu o ngā kura kākā, ko te noho āhuru, ko te ātaahua hoki."
"Other types of birds that were used as clothing include kiwi, kereru, kākāpō, tūī, kākāriki, teroa and others.","Ko ētahi atu kura manu i korongatia hei whatu kākahu ko ō te kiwi, ō te kereru, ō te kākāpō, ō te tūī, ō te kākāriki, ō te toroa me ētahi atu."
Different schools allow the artist to use his creative spirit in his work.,Nā ngā tūmomo kura ka āhei te kairaranga kia whakamahi i te wairua auaha i āna mahi.
"In fact, European bird feathers were used to weave cloaks, and many colors and patterns were used.","Nāwai, ka whakamahia ngā huruhuru manu Pākehā hei whatu korowai, ā, inā noa te maha o ngā tae me ngā tauira ka whakamahia."
"The kura were added to the garment, making it similar to the outer weu of the topuni clothes: the kura was then numbered, and the kura were woven again to hold it in place.","He mea tāpiri ngā kura ki te kākahu, i ōrite ai ki ngā weu o waho i ngā kahu tōpuni: kātahi ka nūmia te kura, ā, ka whatua anō ngā kura kia mau ai."
Waiter,Kaitaka
The kaitaka is a type of clothing that Cook found during his travels in the 17th century.,Ko te kaitaka tētahi momo kākahu i kitea e Kuki i ōna haerenga mai i te rautau 1700.
The kaitaka was large and wrapped around people.,"He nui te kaitaka, ā, takaia ai ki te tangata."
The fibers are from another type of flax.,Ko ngā muka nō tētahi momo harakeke anō.
"The body of the korowai is not embellished, except for the sides and hem of the kaitaka, which is embroidered with fringe.","Kāore e whakanikonikotia te tinana o te korowai, hāunga anō ngā taha me te remu o te kaitaka, he mea whakairo ki te tāniko."
"The fringe has a triangular and square pattern and is woven with fiber, in its tawakawaka style .","He tauira tapatoru, tapawhā te tāniko, ka whatua ki te muka, i ōna tāwakawaka anō."
"In the past, dye was used to fix the black color in the fiber.",I mua ka whakamahia te waitumu hei whakapūmau i te tae pango ki roto i te muka.
"The fiber is used as a dye for black dyes, and the bark dye for brown and gold dyes.","Ka whakamahia te muka hei waitumu mō ngā tae pango, ā, ko te waitumu kiri rākau mō ngā tae parauri, kōura hoki."
These are the types of calculators:,Ko ngā momo kaitaka ēnei:
It's a long-distance recorder,He kaitaka paepaeroa-aho
It's also flattering and has a drawstring - the straps point upwards when the dress is worn and the bottom hem is still wide.,"He kaitaka aronui, he pātea aho hoki – ka anga whakarunga ngā aho ina mauria te kākahu, ā, he whānui tonu te tāniko o raro."
"A wrap dress – a single or double fringe at the edges, which gives the viewer the impression that two garments have been sewn together.","He kaitaka huaki – he tāniko takitahi, takirua rānei kei ngā tapa, e pōhēhē ai te kaititiro e rua ngā kākahu kua oti te whakapapa"
"It is a soft fabric – a woolen fabric, which is sewn to the fabric of the garment, usually red.","He kaitaka ngorengore – he pūreirei wūru, ka tuia atu ki te kaupapa o te kākahu, he whero te nuinga."
Korowai,Korowai
"Another type of clothing is the korowai, which evolved from the pureke.","Ko tētahi atu momo kākahu ko te korowai, i hua ake i te pūreke."
"These clothes are lined with foam, cotton or polyester.","He mea whakarākai ēnei kākahu ki te hukahuka, ki te muka tākai, ki te pōkinikini rānei."
Some korowai are decorated with kōkōwai.,Ko ētahi korowai he mea tāwai ki te kōkōwai.
"In the second half of the 1800s, korowai became popular with many people.",Nō te wāhanga tuarua o te rautau 1800 ka pīrangitia te korowai e te tini o te tangata.
"Similar to the kaitaka, wool is used with some tassels on it.","He rite tonu ki te kaitaka, ka whakamahia te wūru me ētahi tānikoniko ki runga."
"From here, another creative spirit was born, when the sugar, kura and tanikos were combined.","Nō konei ka puea tētahi wairua auaha anō, i te whakakotahitanga o ngā hukahuka, ngā kura me ngā tāniko."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Everyday clothing,Ngā kākahu mō ia rā
The Māori made many clothes to keep warm and to protect themselves from the rain.,"He maha ngā kākahu ka hangaia e te Māori hei whakamahana, hei whakahaumaru i a ia hoki i te ua."
"Raincoats are shorter than korowais, and are often covered in snow or fibrous material that makes them look like roof tiles.","He poto iho ngā kahu ua i te korowai, he rite tonu te wā ka kapi katoa i te hukahuka, i ngā hōripinga muka rānei i rite ai ki te pōreku tuanui."
This is why the rain is protected from the outside of the jacket.,Nō konei kua parea te ua ki waho o te kahu.
Plain weave is the weaving method used for most raincoats and cloaks.,Ko te whatu aho pātahi te tikanga whatu mō te nuinga o ngā kahu ua me ngā korowai.
"The materials are flax, kiekie, toi, kouka tea, neinei, kuta, pinggao, herbs such as sedge, grass, as well as some rare materials such as tikum leaves , and vehicle.","Ko ngā rauemi he harakeke, he kiekie, he tōī, he tī kōuka, he neinei, he kuta, he pīngao, ko ngā otaota pērā i te wīwī, te pātītī, tae atu ki ētahi rauemi ongeonge pērā i te rau tikumu, me te waekāhu."
These are some of the raincoats:,Ko ēnei ētahi o ngā kahu ua:
English - outside are strands.,Pākē – kei waho atu ko ngā whenu.
The name is pureke to some tribes,He pūreke te ingoa ki ētahi iwi
Ski - the foam layers are backed and attached to the outer layer of the garment,"Hieke – ka pūruatia ngā weu hukahuka, ka whakapiria atu ki te papa o waho o te kākahu"
Whakatipu - a piece of clothing carefully made to keep out the rain,"Whakatipu – he kākahu i āta mahia mārire, hei kaupare i te ua"
Para kiekie – a raincoat made of kiekie,Para kiekie – he kākahu kaupare ua ka mahia ki te kiekie
Mangaeka or tishitihe – a garment made of black and gold linen.,"Mangaeka, tihetihe rānei – he kākahu ka mahia ki te harakeke pango, kōura hoki."
The purpose of this is to heat the flax leaves over a fire,Ko te mahi o tēnei he whakamahana i ngā rau o te harakeke i runga ngārehu
Woolen cloth – made of wool soaked in water to loosen the fibers and dyed with ink and dirt.,"Kahu tōī – he mea hanga ki te tōī kua rumakina ki te wai hei tītoretore i ngā muka, ka tāwaitia ki te waitumu me te paru."
These are clothes from the store.,He kahu ēnei nō te toa.
"It's waterproof, making it a very sturdy coat, and the dark color makes it easy for the store to hide.","He pare wai tōna mahi, ka mutu he kahu tino pakari ēnei, ā, nā te pōuri o te tae i ngāwari ai te huna a te toa"
Tikum – made of tikum.,Tikumu – he mea hanga i te tikumu.
For the owner only.,Mā te rangatira anake.
"In the 2000s, Europeans moved further left.",I te tekau tau 2000 ka whakamāui ake ngā pākē.
Weavers use ancient and modern materials.,Whakamahia ai e ngā kairaranga ngā rauemi o nehe me ō te ao hou.
"For the purpose of the boaters, these raincoats will be carried, along with the trunk.","Hei ngā tauwhāinga o te hunga kaihoe ka mauria ēnei kahu pare ua, me te wana anō o te tū."
Shoes,Ngā hū
"The Māori do not use hū, except in the wilderness, to cross difficult or rocky places.","Kāore ō te Māori hū, hāunga ia te pāraerae, hei whakawhiti tērā i ngā wāhi uaua, pōhatuhatu rānei."
The best fabric for this is kouka tea.,Ko te papanga pai mō tēnei ko te tī kōuka.
The leaves are flattened and attached to the units by passing the numbers through the top of the leg.,"Ka whakapaparuatia ngā rau, ka whakapiria ki ngā wae mā te tuku i ngā tau mā runga o te waewae."
"During periods of extreme cold, the slough of the prairie is covered with moss.",I ngā wā o te tino makariri ka purua te raparapa o te pāraerae ki te kohukohu.
The leg protectors were very thick and never higher than the knees.,"He tino puiaki kē noa atu ngā taonga whakamaru waewae, ā, kāore rawa i teitei ake i ngā pona."
"In some cases, they are imprisoned with their own strings (strings) and put in a cage.","Hei ētahi ka hereherea ki ōna tau (aho) anō, whakamaua ai ki te tupehau."
"During the crossing of Ngā Puke Māeroero in the early 1800's the descendants of Poutini Ngāi Tahu brought flax, kouka tea and mountain herbs.","I te whakawhitinga o Ngā Puke Māeroero i ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1800 ka mau pararae ngā uri o Poutini Ngāi Tahu i whatua mai ki te harakeke, ki te tī kōuka me ngā otaota maunga."
"If the best materials were used, the slabs would last a few days, but the stone would crack in large areas.","Mēnā i whakamahia ngā rauemi pai rawa, ka noho pai ngā pararae mō ētahi rā, engari ka ngawhingawhi noa iho i ngā wāhi nui te kōhatu."
"For those made of paper, it is not good for half a day, when the sun is very hard it is already soaked .","Mō ērā i mahia ki te wharariki, e kore e pai mō te haurua o te rā, i te poutūmārōtanga o te rā kua kanukanu noa iho."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Hair styles,Ngā tū āhua makawe
The little ones,Ngā pūtiki
Traditions tell us about different hairstyles.,Kei ngā kōrero tuku iho ngā kōrero mō ngā tūmomo āhua makawe.
"They are curled or braided on top of the hair, and some names for these hairstyles are tiki, poutiki, tikiki, tuki, koukou and rashi.","He mea kōwiri, he mea pū rānei ki runga i te tipuaki, ā, ko te tiki, te pūtiki, te tikitiki, te tuki, te koukou me te rāhiri ētahi ingoa mō ēnei tū āhua makawe."
"When the Europeans explained these hairstyles, they didn't really know the name or the place where that hairstyle originated.","Nō te whakamāramatanga ā ngā Pākehā i ēnei āhua makawe, kāore rātou i āta whai mōhio ki tēnā ingoa, ki te wāhi rānei i takea mai ai taua tū āhua makawe."
"As a result, knowledge of the regional characteristics of these hair types has been lost.",Nā reira kua ngaro te mōhiotanga mō ngā āhua ā-takiwā o ēnei āhua makawe.
There are also different types of koukou that are mentioned in the stories.,Kei ngā pūrākau anō ngā tūmomo koukou e kōrerotia ana.
"When Matukutakotako washed her hair, she untied the ties of her tikiki, then brushed her hair, before soaking it in water.","I te horoitanga o Matukutakotako i ōna makawe, ka wete ia i ngā here o tōna tikitiki, kātahi ka rūrū i ana makawe, i mua i te tirikohu ki te wai."
"A hair iron is a curling iron, so its curling iron may contain curling irons, carefully tied into one curling iron.","Ko te rino makawe he pūhutihuti, nā reira tērā pea kei roto i tana tikitiki ētahi pūhutihuti, i āta herea kia kotahi te tikitiki."
There is also a little information about women's hairstyles.,He paku iho anō ngā kōrero e pā ana ki ngā tū āhua makawe o te wahine.
"However, when the woman allowed herself to die, her hair was trimmed.","Heoi i te wā ka tuku te wahine i a ia anō kia mate, kua whakapaitia ngā makawe."
Hairdressing techniques,Ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te whakapaipai makawe
The head is the most sacred part of the human body.,Ko te māhunga te wāhanga tapu rawa o te tangata.
"This is why it was difficult to fix people's hair, and the eldest would manipulate the other's head so that he would not die of the tapu.","Nō konei i uaua ai te whakatikatika i ngā makawe o te tangata, ā, mā te tuakana rawa e raweke te māhunga o tētahi atu kia kore ai ia e mate i te tapu."
Hairdressing items,Ngā tūemi whakapaipai makawe
"Māori use combs, oils and kōkōwai to style their hair.","Ka whakamahi te Māori i ngā heru, i ngā hinu me te kōkōwai hei whakarākei i te makawe."
"Combs are made of wood, sawdust, or pine sticks that are woven together.","He mea hanga te heru i te rākau, i te parāoa, i ngā rākau tara rānei kua tuituia."
The real oil is that of the stock.,Ko te tino hinu ko tērā o te tītoki.
"If it doesn't have any seeds, shark liver oil has been used .","Mēnā kāore kau he pua tītoki, kua whakamahia te hinu ate mangō."
Kōkōwai is also very rich.,He tino taonga anō te kōkōwai.
Elegant hairstyles,Ngā tū āhua makawe rangatira
Stories and big hair have their origin in stories.,Kei ngā pūrākau te takenga mai o ngā kōrero me ngā makawe nui.
"When Rupe went  to see Rehua in the autumn sky, she saw that Rehua had untied the bonds of her cocoon.",I te haerenga o Rupe ki te aroaro o Rehua i te rangi tuangahuru ka kite ia i te wetenga a Rehua i ngā here o tōna koukou.
"When he let his hair down, a group of people flew out of the kōhanga.",Nō te rūrūtanga i ōna makawe ka rere mai te pōkai tūī i ngā kōhanga i roto.
"According to Tūhoe's tradition, Rangiparoro identified his son Kahuki with the appearance of his father Ruapururu, that is, eight braids in his hair.","Kei ngā kōrero tuku iho a Tūhoe ka tohu a Rangiparoro i tana tama a Kahuki ki te āhua o tōna pāpara a Ruapururu, arā, e waru ngā whiri kei ōna makawe."
"When he found the old man with eight braids in his hair, he realized that this was his father.","Nō te rokohanga ki te koroua e waru whiri i ōna makawe, kātahi anō ka mōhio ko tōna matua tēnei."
Hair signs,Ngā tohu makawe
The shape of the hair is a symbol of leadership and a statement.,"He tohu rangatira, he tohu whakaatu kōrero te āhua o te makawe."
"If the hair is elastic, it is a sign that the person is unclean.","Mēnā e rapa ana te makawe, he tohu tērā kua tapu te tangata."
"Painful rubber is also the same, it is a sign of disease, it is a sign of disease.","He ōrite anō te rapa mamae, he tohu tauā, he tohu rānaki mate."
"A bald head is a single head of hair covering the left side of the head, while the rest is shaved off completely.","Ko te reureu, ko te tiotio rānei he pū makawe kotahi e tāiri ana i te rahinga mauī o te ūpoko, ā, ko ētahi atu ka heua katoatia."
If the hair is short it is a sign of suicide.,Mēnā e poto ana te makawe he tohu whakamomori tērā.
If a chief was arrested his hair was shaved as a sign of renunciation of his authority.,Ki te mauheretia he rangatira kua heua ōna makawe hei tohu whakakore i tōna mana.
It was not until the 1800s that Māori were seen wearing non-traditional clothing and hairstyles.,"Nāwai, nō te rautau 1800 kātahi ka kitea te Māori e mau ana i ngā kākahu me ngā rākai makawe a tauiwi."
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
Closing the chapter,Te whakarākai i te ūpoko
Because the head is the most sacred part of a person - many different objects are placed on the head.,Nā te mea ko te ūpoko te wāhanga tapu rawa o te tangata – he maha ngā tūmomo taonga ka tiaia ki te māhunga.
"Also oils and oils, herbs, flowers, and leaves.","Waihoki ko ngā hinu me ngā kōkōwai, ngā raukura, ngā pua, me ngā rau rākau."
"In the past, the comb was done by a cockatoo.","I ō mua wā, mā te manu korokī rawa te heru."
"Some combs are made of bone, stone, or wood.","He kōiwi, he kōhatu, he rākau ētahi heru."
There are many differences between iwi and tauiwi.,He nui ngā rerekētanga o te tāmitanga o te iwi e tauiwi.
Men's hair is cut short.,Kua poto ngā makawe o ngā tāne.
The leaves of the indigenous birds have already been used in the winter of the Wao-nui-a-Tane.,Kua whakamahi kē i ngā raukura o ngā manu tauiwi i te haumatenga o te Wao-nui-a-Tāne.
Combs have also started to be used by women.,Kua tīmata hoki te whakamahi o te heru e te hunga wāhine.
"The ancient acid defenses are still in place during the disease, and for a long time.","E mau tonu iho ana te pare kawakawa o nehe i te wā o te mate, ā, mohoa noa nei."
Different types of headaches,Ngā momo raukura mō te māhunga
Some rakura for the head is the skirt of the amokura.,Ko ētahi raukura mō te māhunga ko te remu o te amokura.
"The leaves of titapu, or the main effect, are the leaves of the skirt of the kotuku.","Ko te rau o tītapu, ko te awe-nui rānei ngā raukura o te remu o te kotuku."
The peeled leaf,Te rau huia
The huia died because it was a great asset to Māori and Europeans alike.,I mate ā-moa te huia i te mea he taonga nui ki te Māori me te Pākehā tonu.
"There are 12 kura on the hem of the huia, and finally, the tip is black and white.","Kei te remu o te huia ōna kura 12, ka mutu, he pango, he mā hoki te pito."
Or the entire skirt is removed to be worn to fasten it to the hair.,Ka tangohia katoatia rānei te remu kia auahitia hei whakamau ki te makawe.
Legend has it that the bark of the huia tree is used to make a mareko.,E kī ana te kōrero ka whakamahia te raukura o te huia hei hanga i te marereko.
"Because the kairang of the huia leaf was so popular with people, the huia waka was carved to hold the leaves.",Nā te inati rawa o te kairangi o te rau huia ki te tangata ka whakairotia te waka huia hei pupuri i ngā rau.
Stretching and stretching,Te toroa me te tākapu
"In the 1700's the print artist Kuki printed men holding the rakura of sea birds, ie the takapu and the troa.","I ngā tau o te rautau 1700 ka tāia e te tohunga tā a Kuki ngā tāne e mau ana i ngā raukura o ngā manu o te moana, arā, te tākapu me te toroa."
Comb,Heru
There are many different types of combs.,He maha ngā tūmomo heru.
Titreia is a nation of whales with only one ruler.,Ko te titireia he iwi tohorā kotahi mā te rangatira anake.
"There are also combs carved from bird bone, human bone, or wood.","Arā anō ngā heru ka whakairotia i te kōiwi manu, kōiwi tangata, i te rākau rānei."
"The methods of destruction are similar to other personal items, they are carefully buried, mostly in swamps.","He rite hoki ngā tikanga whakangaro ki ētahi atu taonga mau ki te tinana, he mea āta nehu, ko te nuinga ki roto i ngā repo."
Pain reliefs and caps,Ngā pare me ngā pōtae mamae
Each tribe has its own leaves that they wear on the head as a symbol of suicide.,"Kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi ōna ake rau ka whakamaua e rātou ki te ūpoko hei tohu whakamomori."
Some leaves are used as ferns and bitter.,"He rarauhe, he kawakawa ētahi rau ka whakamahia."
This tradition continues in funerals today.,E haere tonu ana tēnei tikanga ki ngā tangihanga i ēnei rā tonu.
A dark hat is a sign that a person lives under a dark cloud.,Ko te pōtae tauā hei tohu e noho ana te tangata i raro i te kapua pouri.
"In 1769, stories were written about Māori women and men wearing war hats in Tōtaranui.",I te tau 1769 ka tuhia ngā kōrero mō ngā wāhine me ngā tāne Māori e mau ana i ngā pōtae tauā ki Tōtaranui.
In the 1800's the carrying of widows became common.,I te rautau 1800 ka kite nuitia te mau haere i te hunga pouaru.
It adds that other parts hang in the eyes of the owner.,E tāpiri ana ko ētahi atu wāhanga e tautau ana i ngā kanohi o te kaipupuri.
A type of war hat survives today.,E ora tonu ana tētahi momo pōtae tauā i tēnei rā.
"That is, a string of fibers with a coil (or coil) on top.","Arā, he aho muka me te karepō (rimurehia rānei) i runga ake."
This type of hat is called a carabao.,E kīia ana tēnei momo pōtae tauā he karapō.
Page 8.,Whārangi 8.
Elevators and elevators,Ngā tongarerewa me ngā taonga whakarākei
The tongarerewa (ornaments) are symbols and are closely related to Māori mythology.,"He tohu tonu ngā tongarerewa (ornament) ā, e hāngai tonu ana ki ngā pūrākau a te Māori."
"Teeth are among the earliest evidence of Māori artefacts, and are an indication of the extent of their ancestors' origins in the Pacific.","Kei ngā taunaki tōmua rawa ngā niho e kitea ana i ngā taonga a te Māori, ka mutu he tohu tērā ki te whānui o te takenga mai o ō rātou tīpuna i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"After the discovery of pounamu on this island, a new art of sculpture was developed.","Nō te tūhuratanga i te pounamu ki tēnei motu, kātahi ka whanake ētahi toi whakairo hōu."
Animals and birds also produced fossils.,I hua anō mai ētahi taonga tongarerewa i ngā kararehe me ngā manu.
Whale fins and whalebones,Ngā hei – me ngā rei tohorā
Evidence of sperm whales has been found all over the country.,Kua kitea ngā taunaki rei parāoa puta noa i te motu nei.
Bread pudding is also very rich.,He tino taonga anō te rei parāoa.
"If the sperm ivory is not visible, the stone and wood have been carefully carved to resemble whale ivory.","Ki te kore e kitea te rei parāoa, kua āta whakairotia te kōhatu, me te rākau kia rite tōna hanga ki te rei tohorā."
"It is not known today how these types of objects were influential in the Māori world in the past, but because of the expert carving of these jewels, their beauty is visible to the Māori.","Tē mōhiotia i ēnei rā te tikanga i whai mana ai ēnei tūmomo taonga i te ao Māori i mua, engari nā te tohunga o te whakairo i ngā rei nei, ka kitea tōna ātaahua ki te Māori."
"Soon after, the ownership of the sperm will always be with the owner, or a relationship with that sperm.","Ākuanei ka tau tonu te mana o te parāoa rā ki te kaipupuri, ka tau rānei tētahi hononga ki taua parāoa."
This is a connection that Māori have with their Pacific elements.,He hononga tēnei nō te Māori ki ōna huānga o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
Some items are hung from the hei.,"He kōakaaka, he tāwakawaka rānei ētahi taonga ka iri i ngā hei."
These objects are bones and stones.,"He kōiwi, he kōhatu ēnei taonga."
"The objects, which resemble a tongue and also have a V shape, are carved out of bread.","Ko ngā taonga, he ōrite tonu ki te ārero, me te hanga V anō hoki, he mea whakairo ki te parāoa."
The sides of these items are carved in the same way.,He rite tonu te whakairo o ngā tahataha o ēnei taonga.
Some say these examples have been backed up.,Hei ētahi kua pūruatia ēnei tauira.
"By the 1700s, relief had developed, and the face and face were printed on one end.","Nō te rautau 1700 kua whanake te rei puta, ā, kua tāia te mata me te kanohi ki tētahi pito."
Only male rulers wear these items.,Ko ngā rangatira tāne anake ka mau i ēnei taonga.
There are other types as well.,Arā anō ngā momo hei.
"Some items are screwed into the hole, and end up with shark teeth, sperm, skulls, stones, and bird bones.","Ko ētahi taonga ka wiria he puare ki roto, ka mutu he niho mangō, he parāoa, he angaanga, he kōhatu, he kōiwi manu ētahi o ngā taonga nei."
"Some of them are hooks, eels, different kinds of birds, and seals.","Ko ētahi he hei matau, he tuna, he momo manu, he kekeno."
There are also bird heads and human bodies.,"Arā anō ngā hei māhunga manu, me te tinana tangata."
To get it,Hei tiki
The origin of the hei tiki is missing.,E ngaro ana te takenga mai o te hei tiki.
"Some people think that hei tiki originated from Tiki, the first man that Tane appeared.","E whakaaro ana ētahi i takea mai te hei tiki i a Tiki, te tangata tuatahi i ahua e Tāne."
"Some believe that the child is still in the womb, or Hineteiwaiwa.","Kei ētahi whakaaro ko te tamaiti kei roto tonu i te kōpū tēnā, ko Hineteiwaiwa rānei."
"These are the best pounamu items, although some are made from flour.","Ko ēnei ngā taonga pounamu kairangi rawa, ahakoa ka tāreia ētahi i te parāoa."
There are many types of hei tiki but the power of hei tiki is still alive today.,He maha ngā tūmomo hei tiki engari e ora tonu ana te mana o te hei tiki i ēnei rā.
"Like other objects, the hei tiki is buried next to the owner, but it can also be reborn and passed down through the generations.","He rite ki ētahi taonga, ka tanumia te hei tiki i te taha tonu o te kaipupuri, engari ka āhei anō te hahu ake kia mau haere i roto i ngā whakatipuranga."
Spices,Ngā taonga kakara
The Māori covered it with tree bark and smeared it with gum and perfume.,Ka whenumi te Māori ki te kiri rākau me te kohukohu ki te kāpia me te hinu kakara.
A bird skin is attached to these burials and is worn around the neck.,"He mea tautau te kiri manu ki roto i ēnei whenumitanga, ā, ka mau ki te kaki."
Delays,Ngā pōhoi
There are many different types of Māori music.,He whānui tonu ngā momo pōhoi a te Māori.
Like bottle tears and white kites.,Pērā i ngā roimata pounamu me te aute mā.
Shark teeth or teeth of the dead age are also brought back.,"Ka mauria anō ngā niho mangō, ngā niho rānei o te tau kua mate."
Other items worn in the ear are bird feathers or live birds.,"Ko ētahi atu taonga ka mau ki te taringa he remu manu, he manu ora tonu rānei."
"A pohoi is a thin, long, or white skin of a bird that has been hatched.","Ko te pūhoi he hune tākapu, toroa rānei, he kiri mā rānei nō te manu kua pōkaitia."
'Let the whole body speak'.,‘Kia kōrero te katoa o te tinana’.
That is what haka master Hēnare Te Ōwai said .,Koinā te kōrero a te tohunga haka a Hēnare Te Ōwai.
"The kapa haka has adapted to the current context, but remains strongly rooted in its roots.","Kua urutau te kapa haka ki te horopaki o nāianei, engari ka toro kaha tonu i ōna pūtake."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
"In the past, kapa haka was a group that danced in teams.",I ngā wā o mua ko te kapa haka he rōpū e haka ana i roto i ngā aro ā-kapa.
"People become famous if they are good at dancing, or if their leader is good at standing.","Ka rongonui te iwi mēnā he tau rātou ki te haka, mēnā rānei he tau te tū o tōna kaitātaki."
There are many different hakas for different occasions.,He maha ngā tūmomo haka mō ngā momo tūāhua rerekē.
Music is very important in the haka team.,He mea nui te waiata i roto i te kapa haka.
"In the past, the first kapa haka was formed by the leader of Tinirau.","I ngā wā o mua, ko te kapa haka tuatahi nā te rangatira nā Tinirau i hanga."
He ordered his women's team to fight against his enemy Kae.,I whakahau ia i tana kapa wāhine kia haka ki tana hoariri ki a Kae.
Dancing in the 19th century,Te haka i te rautau 1800
"The Christians tried to accommodate the Māori with their haka, waiata and karakia.","I ngana ngā Karaitiana ki te mokonaha i ngā Māori ki ōna haka, waiata, karakia hoki."
It is accompanied by hymns and European songs.,Ka whakawaiatatia ki ngā hīmene me ngā ngaringari Pākehā.
"In the 1880s, haka groups began performing for tourists.",I te tekau tau 1880 ka tīmata te haka atu o ngā kapa haka ki te hunga tūruhi.
"Most of the songs are English tunes, but have Māori words.","Ko te nuinga o ngā waiata he rangi Pākehā, engari he kupu Māori."
Some teams went abroad.,I haere ētahi kapa ki tāwāhi.
The British aristocracy will be treated to a reception and a dance.,Ka whakatauria te kāhui ariki o Peretānia ki te pōwhiri me te haka.
"The haka team also played an important role in the meetings of Māori organizations, such as the days of the Hahi Ringatū, and important meetings of the King.","I whai hiranga anō te kapa haka ki ngā hui a ngā whakahaerenga Māori, pērā i ngā rā o te Hāhi Ringatū, me ngā hui nui a te Kīngitanga."
Changes in the 20th century,Ngā panonitanga i te rautau 1900
"In the early years of the 20th century, teams began to play music by hand.",I ngā tau o mua o te rautau 1900 ka tīmata ngā kapa ki te mahi waiata ā-ringa.
Many songs were composed during that time.,He huhua ngā waiata i titoa i taua wā.
"At the outbreak of the First World War, Āpirana Ngata encouraged the haka teams to make money for the Māori Veterans Fund.",Nō te whatinga mai o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ka akiaki a Āpirana Ngata kia mahi moni ngā kapa haka mō te Pūtea mō ngā Hōia Māori.
He collected many songs and stories.,I kohia e ia ngā waiata me ngā kōrero maha.
Kapa haka clothing is a fusion of Māori and modern clothing.,Ko ngā kākahu kapa haka he whenumitanga nō ngā kākahu Māori me ngā kākahu hou.
One is piupiu.,Ko te piupiu tētahi.
Teams use instruments; mostly scooters.,Ka whakamahi ngā kapa i ngā whakatangitangi; he kutā te nuinga.
City groups and competitions,Ngā rōpū tāone me ngā whakataetae
"Because of the movement of Māori to the cities, haka teams were established in the cities.",Nō te nekehanga a te Māori ki ngā tāone tū ai ngā kapa haka ki ngā tāone.
"Because of this, the city dwellers were able to meet their Māori side.",Nā konei i āhei ai te hunga noho tāone ki tō rātou taha Māori.
"In most cases, the dancers of these teams belong to different tribes.",I te nuinga o te wā nō ngā iwi maha ngā kaihaka o ēnei kapa.
"When Waitangi Day was celebrated in 1934, a kapa haka competition was held.","I te whakanuitanga o te rā o Waitangi i te tau 1934, ka tū tētahi whakataetae kapa haka."
"Competitions were held throughout the country, and in 1972 the first Polynesian Festival was held.","I tū ngā whakataetae puta noa i te motu, ā, nō te tau 1972 ka tū te Taiopenga Poronīhia tuatahi."
"Since 1983 the competition has been reserved for Māori only, and since 2004, it has been known as Te Matatini.","Mai i te tau 1983 ka rāhuitia te whakataetae mō ngā Māori anake, ā, mai anō i te tau 2004, e mōhiotia ana ko Te Matatini."
"More than 2,000 performers and more than 30,000 spectators attend these competitions.","Neke atu i te 2,000 ngā kaihaka, ā, neke atu i te 30,000 ngā kaimātaki ka tae ki ēnei whakataetae."
"In the year 2000, kapa haka was taught in universities, schools and the army.","I te tau rua mano e ākona ana te kapa haka ki ngā whare wānanga, ngā kura me te ope taua."
"The shape of the haka dance group gradually changed, and the haka and waiata compositions also touched on new topics such as politics.","Ka rerekē haere te āhua o te kapa haka, ā, ko ngā titonga haka, waiata hoki ka pā ki ngā kaupapa hou pērā i te tōrangapū."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
What is a dance team?,He aha te kapa haka?
The word 'team' refers to a list of performers.,E pā ana te kupu ‘kapa’ ki ngā rārangi kaihaka.
The 'haka' is a body and tongue exercise.,"Ko te ‘haka’, he koringa tinana, ārero hoki."
"Finally, the 'kapa haka' is a haka group and also a music group.","Ka mutu ko te ‘kapa haka’ he rōpū haka, he rōpū waiata hoki."
"He left the haka team, but he is still alive today.","Nō tua whakarere mai te kapa haka, engari e ora tonu ana ia i ēnei rā."
Various dances,Ngā tūmomo haka
The haka is not just about carrying out an attack.,Ehara te haka mō te kawe ā-riri noa.
There are many types of haka for different activities.,He maha ngā tūmomo haka mō ngā mahi rerekē.
"Experts say to Tîmoti Kāretu, the haka is a platform for the poet, to 'spark anger, to praise people, to welcome guests, to open houses, to admire people' death, to solve diseases, to communicate to the next generations.","E kī ana te mātanga ki a Tīmoti Kāretu, he tūāpapa te haka mō te kaitito, ki te ‘puha i te riri, ki te whakanui i te tangata, ki te pōhiri i te manuhiri, ki te whakatuwhera whare, ki te whakamihi i ngā mate, ki te whakatau i ngā mate, ki te whakaheke kōrero ki ngā reanga māhuri tōtara."
All of these types of haka are based on essence and spirit.,Kei runga katoa i ēnei tūmomo haka ko te mauri me te wairua.
Singing in the dance,Te waiata i roto i te haka
Music plays an important role in the dance team.,He tūāhua nui te waiata i roto i te kapa haka.
"Each haka, each song has a meaning.","He tikanga tō tēnā haka, tō tēnā waiata."
"The main purpose of waiata is to share ideas with people, to hold important information.","Ko te kaupapa nui o te waiata he whakawhiti whakaaro atu ki te tangata, he pupuri i ngā kōrero nui."
The princely haka,Te haka rangatira
"In the past, haka was not a casual activity.",I ngā wā o mua ehara te haka i te mahi heahea noa iho.
There was a time when the power of the iwi was held by the haka.,He wā tōna i runga kē i te haka te mana o te iwi e pupuri ana.
"Finally, the operator should be professional, rhythmic, and consistent.","Ka mutu kia tohunga tonu te kaitaki, kia manawataki, kia ihonui."
The first haka,Te haka tuatahi
Legend has it that Tinirau created the first haka team when he assembled his women's team.,"E kī ana te kōrero nā Tinirau te kapa haka tuatahi, i tōna whakaemi i tōna kapa wāhine."
"To avenge his enemy Kae, he sent the women's team to fight Kae; when he smiles, he can be seen by the shape of his teeth.","Hei rapu utu i tōna hoariri i a Kae, ka tonoa e ia te kapa wāhine ki te haka kia Kae; kia kata ia, e kitea mai ia i te āhua o ōna niho."
He got what he wanted - and Kae was killed.,"I tutuki tāna i hiahia ai  – ā, ka patua a Kae."
Early European influences,Ngā pānga tuatahi ki te Pākehā
The European audience was amazed at the passion of this haka.,Inā te mīharo o ngā kaimātaki Pākehā ki te weriweri o tēnei mea te haka.
"According to one who accompanied Captain Cook in 1769, to Joseph Banks, 'There are many different physical movements in the haka.","Ki tā tētahi i haere mai i te taha o Kāpene Kuki i te tau 1769, ki a Joseph Banks, ‘He maha ngā tūmomo korikoringa tinana kei roto i te haka."
"The tongue is tongue-tied, and the eyes are stretched out to reveal the whites of the face: but there is not a trace of disgust left out of this kind of appearance.","Ka whētero te ārero, ā, ka tīkoro ngā whatu kia huraina te mā o te kanohi: otirā kāore e mahue tētahi āhuatanga weriweri ki waho i tēnei tūmomo āhua.’"
Various activities of the haka team,Ngā tūmomo mahi o te kapa haka
"Standing with arms is used to intimidate the enemy, or to encourage the audience to stand up and dance.","Ko te tū me ngā ringa hei whakawehi i te hoariri, hei whakaihi rānei i te kaimātaki kia tū hoki ki te haka."
"The ishi will continue to spread from the belly, and will be released into the hands and voice of the performer to convey his command to the audience.","Ka haramai tonu te ihi i te puku, ka whakaputa haere ki roto ki ngā ringa me te reo o te kaihaka hei whakaea hoki i tāna whakahau ki te hunga whakarongo."
"In order to progress in haka, one must be physically and mentally strong.","E eke panuku ai te haka, me pakari te tinana me te hinengaro."
"Especially in foot formations, the aim is to warn the enemy of the wind and weather.","Otirā i ngā whakatūtū waewae, ko te aronga he whakahauware i te hoariri ki te pūkana me te whētero."
"When Ngāti Porou haka priest Hēnare Te Ōwai was asked what he had to say about haka, he replied: 'Let the whole body speak.","Ka uia te tohunga haka o Ngāti Porou a Hēnare Te Ōwai he aha ana kōrero mō tēnei mea te haka, ka whakautu ia: ‘Kia kōrero te katoa o te tinana.’"
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
19th century haka dance teams,Ngā kapa haka o te rautau 1800
Responses from missionaries,Ngā urupare a ngā mihinare
Ever since the missionaries arrived in the 1800's they tried to eliminate the haka and other aspects of Māori culture that conflicted with their own beliefs.,Mai anō i te taenga mai o ngā mihinare i te rautau 1800 ka ngana rātou ki te whakakore i te haka me ngā tū āhua o te ahurea Māori i tukituki ki tō rātou ake whakapono.
Then the minister Henry Williams (of the Anglican Church) banned Māori traditions such as waiata and haka.,Kātahi ka aukati te minita a Henry Williams (o te Rōpū Mihinare) i ngā tikanga Māori pērā i te waiata me te haka.
"Then the missionaries got up to open the haka and moatea, and they were invited to the European skies.","Kātahi ka whakatika ngā mihinare ki te mokonaha i ngā haka me ngā mōteatea, ā, ka whakawaiatatia atu ki ngā rangi a te Pākehā."
"By the middle of the 1800s, Māori were familiar with hymn tunes.",Nō te pokapū o te rautau 1800 e taunga ana te Māori ki ngā rangi waiata hīmene.
They have also taken over European songs to supplement their songs.,Kua kapo anō i ngā waiata a te Pākehā hei kīnaki atu i ā rātou waiata.
In 1871 it was King Tāwhiao's patrol that sang a Māori song to a European tune.,I te tau 1871 ko te tautiaki a Kīngi Tāwhiao tērā e waiata ana i te waiata Māori ki te rangi Pākehā.
Tourist entertainment,Te whakangahau tūruhi
"In the 1860s, the first haka dance groups (concerts) appeared, especially in Rotorua, which is a very attractive place for tourists.","Nō te tekau tau 1860 ka puea ake ngā rōpū (kōnehete) kapa haka tuatahi, otirā i Rotorua te mahi a ēnei rōpū, inā hoki he wāhi mīharo rawa ki te hunga tāpoi."
"It was there that the Māori sang their Pākehā tunes, for it was bitter to the Pākehā ear to listen to the remotest tunes.","I reira waiata ai ngā Māori i ā rātou waiata rangi Pākehā, he kawa hoki ki te taringa Pākehā te whakarongo ki ngā rangi mōteatea."
"However, that is what the Māori did, singing his own songs and using the very European air of the time.","Heoi anō ko te mahi tērā a ngā Māori, he waiata i ōna ake waiata me te whakamahi i te tino rangi Pākehā o te wā."
Go abroad,Whiti atu ki tāwāhi
"However, the haka and moetatea are still heard in the context of these different groups.",Heoi ka rangona tonutia te haka me ngā mōteatea i roto i te horopaki o ēnei tūmomo rōpū.
These teams escape to foreign countries and use the Māori and Pākehā elements to have fun.,"Mawhiti atu ai ēnei kapa ki tāwāhi, ā, ka whakamahi i te āhuatanga Māori me te āhuatanga Pākehā hei ngahautanga atu."
"Dr. McGauran's group called 'Troupe of Warrior Chiefs, Wives and Children' continued to perform.","I haka tonu te rōpū a Tākuta McGauran e kīia ana ko ‘Troupe of Warrior Chiefs, Wives and Children’."
"That play was staged in Sydney and Melbourne in 1862, and the following year it landed in Britain.","I tū tērā Whakaari ki Poihākena me Poipiripi i te tau 1862, ā, nō te tau i muri mai  ka tau atu ki Peretānia."
Welcome to the British House of Lords,Te pōhiri i te Whare Ariki o Peretānia
"The most influential families, especially the aristocracy of Britain, are welcome.","Ko ngā kotuku awe nui, otirā ngā kāhui ariki o Peretānia ka pōhiritia."
"In particular, in 1869, the House of Britain arrived for the first time, that is, the grandson of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert.","Otirā nō te tau 1869 ka tau tuatahi mai te whare o Peretānia, arā, te mokopuna a Kuini Wikitōria, a Pirini Albert."
At that time the land wars of New Zealand were still raging.,I taua wā e mura tonu ana ngā pakanga whenua o Aotearoa.
"Around the base in Wellington, the Māori fought back.","Nō te paenga ki te tumu i Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ka hakaina atu e ngā Māori."
"The Wellington Independent newspaper said , 'When the Maori were attacked and shot, the trees were torn, cut, and torn like wild dogs.","I kī te niupepa a Wellington Independent, ‘Ka pakaru mai te ihi me te wana i ngā Māori, ka pūkana, ka whētero, ka haka, ka piua haeretia ngā rākau ānō nei he kurī kai tāwhao."
These tunes are a tribute.,Ko ēnei tangi tīoro he mihi whakatau kē.
They wish their duke good luck.,E mihi atu ana rātou ki tō rātou Tiuka kia haramai.’
Haka teams in Māori organizations,Ngā kapa haka i roto i ngā whakahaere Māori
"The haka team lives on in all Māori organizations such as the Ringatū Church, the King and the home of Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi a Parihaka.","Ka ora tonu te kapa haka i roto i ngā whakahaere katoa a ngā Māori pērā i te Hāhi Ringatū, te Kīngitanga me te kāinga o Te Whiti-o-Rongomai rāua ko Tohu Kākahi a Parihaka."
Popular tours,Ngā tira haere rongonui
"By the 1900s, haka teams had become the representative of New Zealand.",Taka mai ki te rautau 1900 kua taunga kē ngā kapa haka hei kanohi mō Aotearoa.
The tour leader Mākereti Papakura of Te Arawa led his team to Australia and England in 1910-11.,Ko te kaiārahi i ngā tūruhi ko Mākereti Papakura o Te Arawa tētahi i taki i tōna kapa ki Ahitereiria me Ingarangi i ngā tau o 1910-11.
"The lord of Tainui, Te Puea Herangi, invited Te Pou o Mangatāwhiri to make money for the establishment of the marae of Tūrangawaewae as a manapou for Te Kīngitanga.",Ko te ariki o Tainui ko Te Puea Hērangi tērā i kumeroa i a Te Pou o Mangatāwhiri ki te mahi moni mō te whakatūnga o te marae o Tūrangawaewae hei manapou mō Te Kīngitanga.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Changes in the 20th century,Ngā panonitanga o te rautau 1900
Music by hand,Waiata-ā-ringa
"In the early 1900s, hand songs were added.",Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900 e tāpiritia ana ngā waiata-ā-ringa.
waiata-a-mani resulted from the fusion of European music and Māori movements.,I hua ake te waiata-ā-ringa i te whenumitanga o ngā waiata Pākehā me ngā nekeneke ake a te Māori.
"Instead of a real haka waiata, these new songs have more hands to describe the words.","Kāpā ko te haka waiata tūturu, he maha ake ngā ringa o ēnei waiata hou hei whakaahua i ngā kupu."
Apirana Ngata,Ko Āpirana Ngata
Many agree that the work of Āpirana Ngata has made hand music popular in the Māori world.,E whakaae ana te iti me te rahi nā ngā mahi a Āpirana Ngata i kaingākaunuitia ai te waiata ā-ringa i te ao Māori.
The earliest compositions can be found in the program of the meeting of the Māori Youth Group in 1908.,Ko ngā titonga tōmua rawa e kitea ana ki te hōtaka o te hui a te Rōpū Rangatahi Māori i te tau 1908.
"Its leaders were Ngata, Te Rangi Hīroa, and Māui Pōmare mā.","Ko ōna kaiārahi ko Ngata, ko Te Rangi Hīroa, ko Māui Pōmare mā."
During the First World War Ngata encouraged haka teams to make money for the Māori War Fund.,I te wā o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ka whakatenatena a Ngata kia mahi moni ngā kapa haka mō te Pūtea Hōia Māori.
"After the war he collected songs and speeches, and in 1929 the book Ngā Moteatea flourished.","I muri mai i te pakanga ka kohia e ia ngā waiata me ngā whaikōrero, ā, nō te tau 1929 ka puawai ake ko te puka o Ngā Mōteatea."
Composing music by hand,Te tito waiata-ā-ringa
Many new songs are composed by kapa haka or as songs for kapa haka.,He maha ngā waiata hou ka titoa mai e ngā kapa haka hei waiata rānei mā ngā kapa haka.
Pō Atarau (Now is the Hour) was composed around 1918.,Nō te takiwā o 1918 ka titoa a Pō Atarau (Now is the Hour).
This song was sung by world famous birds such as Bing Crosby.,Nāwai ka waiatatia tēnei waiata e ngā manu korokī o te ao pērā i a Bing Crosby.
T-shirts and other clothing,Te piupiu me ētahi atu kākahu
"Due to the strong interest of people in the kapa haka in the 19th century, the types of clothing changed again, and they were added to the more authentic Maori clothing, which is no longer very visible.","Nā te kaha ngākaunui o te tangata ki te kapa haka i te rautau 1900 ka rerekē anō ngā momo kākahu, ā, ka whakarākaitia atu me ngā pūweru tūturu ake o te Māori, kua kore kē e tino kitea."
Some clothes from the old world will be recreated.,Ka hangā houtia ētahi kākahu nō te ao tawhito.
"The piupiu is a uniform for both men and women, and is an important part of the haka dance team.","Ko te piupiu tētahi pūweru mō te tāne me te wahine, ā, he mea whakahirahira i roto i te kapa haka."
The word piupiu means to swing from one side to another.,Ko te tikanga o te kupu piupiu he piu mai i tētahi taha ki tētahi.
The piupiu is made of dried flax and its strings flutter to the rhythm of the haka.,"He mea hanga te piupiu ki te harakeke maroke, ā, ka rarā ōna aho ki te manawataki o te haka."
Musical instruments,Ngā taonga pūoro
Māori haka teams often choose to use European instruments alongside European compositions.,Ka tīpako tonu ngā kapa haka Māori ki te whakamahi i ngā taonga pūoro Pākehā i te taha o ngā titonga Pākehā.
"Scratching is the best, meaning it's easy to move around.","Ko te rakuraku te mea pai, arā, he māmā ki te heri haere."
The koriana was another musical instrument that was popular with Māori in the early 1900s.,Ko te koriana anō tētahi whakatangitangi i kitea e paingia ana e te Māori i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
City teams and competitions,Ngā rōpū tāone me ngā whakataetae
The haka team and urban living,Te kapa haka me te noho tāone
From the 1930's the Māori population became more dense and began to move to the city to live.,"Mai i te tekau tau 1930 ka mātotoru ake te iwi Māori, ā, ka tīmata te neke ki te tāone noho ai."
Haka teams are established as a bond for those who live as migrants in the cities.,Ka whakatūria ngā kapa haka hei taura here mō ērā e noho manene ana ki ngā tāone.
"The kaupapa will continue to raise money and entertain tourists, but its main purpose is to be a vehicle for the Māori language and tikanga Māori.","Ka haere tonu ngā kaupapa ki te kohi moni me te whakangahau tūruhi, engari ko tōna kaupapa matua ko te noho hei waka kawe i te reo Māori me ngā tikanga Māori."
Vehicle restrictions,Ngā tumu herenga waka
Since the 1930's we can see the rise of tribal teams (from the four winds).,Mai i te tekau tau 1930 ka kitea te aranga mai o ngā kapa ā-iwi (nō ngā hau e whā).
In 1936 the Ngāti Poneke dance team was established in Wellington.,I te tau 1936 ka whakatūria te kapa haka o Ngāti Pōneke ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara.
In 1969 Pita Sharples founded The Manutaki Group in Auckland.,I te tau 1969 nā Pita Sharples i whakatū Te Rōpū Manutaki ki Tāmaki-makaurau.
It was also at that time that King Ëhaka founded the Maori Club of the Maori Missionary Church of Auckland.,I tērā wā hoki ka hangaia e Kīngi Īhaka te Karapu Māori o te Hāhi Mihinare Maōri o Tāmaki-makaurau.
"In the early 1970s, the Canterbury Union was formed in Christchurch.",Nō ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau 1970 ka waihangatia Te Kotahitanga o Waitaha ki Ōtautahi.
"There are also haka groups that emerged from the tribes, such as Tuini Ngāwai's group, Te Hokowhitu-a-Tū, in Tokomaru in 1939, and Waihīrere in 1951.","Arā tonu ngā kapa haka i puea ake i ngā iwi, pērā i te rōpū a Tuini Ngāwai, a Te Hokowhitu-a-Tū, ki Tokomaru i te tau 1939,  me Waihīrere i te tau 1951."
European skies,Ngā rangi Pākehā
"These teams sing the same songs as European tunes, such as 'Que sera, sera' and 'Don't be cruel'.","He rite tonu te waiata o ēnei kapa i ngā waiata whai rangi Pākehā, pērā i a ‘Que sera, sera’ me ‘Don’t be cruel’."
"Although these teachers are native speakers of Māori, they use European language to draw the youth into Māori culture.","Ahakoa he tūturu reo Māori ēnei kaiako, ka whakamahi rātou i ngā rangi Pākehā kia tō mai i te rangatahi ki roto ki te ahurea Māori."
Tuini Ngāwai was one of those who used European tunes to make the young people listen to the instructions of his songs.,Ko Tuini Ngāwai tētahi i whakamahi i ngā rangi Pākehā kia are ā-taringa mai te taiohi ki ngā tohutohu o āna waiata.
Then Dalvanius Prime played one of Ngoi Pēwhairangi's compositions to a 'hip hop' tune.,Nāwai rā ka kīnakitia e Dalvanius Prime tētahi o ngā titonga a Ngoi Pēwhairangi ki te rangi ‘hip hop’.
"The song produced by the Māori Club of Pātea, namely 'Poi e', in 1983 was much sought after.","I pīrangi nuitia te waiata a te Karapu Māori o Pātea i hua ake, arā, a ‘Poi e’, i te tau 1983."
Formal competitions,Ngā whakataetae ōkawa
The growth of local haka teams led to more regional and national competitions.,"Nō te tipu haere o ngā kapa haka hau kāinga ka hua ake ngā whakataetae ā-rohe, ā-motu hoki."
This was better than the civil wars of the previous centuries.,He pai ake tēnei mahi i ngā pakanga ā-iwi i ngā rautau ki mua.
"One of the first competitions was held in 1934 at Waitangi, where prizes were awarded to the winner of waiata, speech and haka.","I tū tētahi o ngā whakataetae tuatahi i te tau 1934 ki Waitangi, i reira tukuna ai te taonga ki te toa mō te waiata, te whaikōrero me te haka."
The Seal of Taumanu,Te Hīra o Taumaunu
It was shortly after the Second World War that regional competitions began in Tūranga.,I muri tata i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao tīmata ai ngā whakataetae ā-rohe ki Tūranga.
"Since 1953, the Hīra o Taumaunu has been the prize, a memorial to the poet of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, Christiana Taumaunu.","Mai i te tau 1953, ko te Hīra o Taumaunu te taonga whakaihuwaka, he tohu mahara ki te kaitito o Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, ki a Karaitiana Taumaunu."
The competitive spirit is strong.,He kaha te wairua whakataetae.
During the practice sessions the paratroopers were sent to observe the enemy's actions.,I ngā wā parakitihi ka tukuna ngā pūrahorua ki te mātaki i ngā mahi a te hoariri.
Festival of the Pacific,Te taiopenga o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa
"In 1972, there were 13 regional competitions.","Nō te tau 1972, 13 ngā whakataetae ā-rohe."
"Last year the Pacific Festival was held in Whakarewarewa in Rotorua, where the diversity of the country's regional champions was evident.","I tērā tau ka tū te Taiopenga o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki Whakarewarewa ki Rotorua, i kitea ai te taumāhekeheke o ngā toa ā-rohe o te motu."
"The primary purpose of the competitions was to improve the level of tourist entertainment, but the larger purpose was to revive the Māori language and Māori culture.","Ko te aronga tuatahi i tū ai ngā whakataetae he whakapakari i te taumata o te whakangahau tūruhi, engari ka ara te kaupapa nui ake tērā ki te whakarauora i te reo Māori me te ahurea Māori."
"In 1983 it was renamed the Māori Performing Arts Festival, and the people of the islands were expelled.","Nō te tau 1983 ka huaina kētia ko te Taiopenga Toi Whakaari Māori, ā, ka peia atu ngā iwi o ngā moutere."
Complexity,Te Matatini
In 204 the new name of Te Matatini was given to the national haka team competition.,I te tau 204 ka tapaina anō te ingoa hou o Te Matatini ki te whakataetae kapa haka ā-motu.
"Professor Te Wharehuia Milroy came up with the name 'matitini', which is another metaphor for the fruit of the matitini.","I hua ake te ingoa ‘matatini’ i a Ahorangi Te Wharehuia Milroy, he kupu whakarite anō ki te hua mātinitini."
"Since its inception, Te Matatini has been the main Māori haka dance festival.",Mai anō i tōna tīmatanga ko Te Matatini te taiopenga kapa haka nui a te Māori.
"More than 30,000 spectators, more than 40 local haka teams (area of ​​2,000 dancers).","Neke atu i te 30,000 ngā kaimātaki, kō atu i te 40 ngā kapa haka toa o ngā rohe (takiwā o te 2,000 kaihaka)."
"There are six parts – the attack, the moateatea, the dance, the hand-singing, the haka and the clearing.","E ono ngā wāhanga – ko te whakaeke, ko te mōteatea, ko te poi, ko te waiata-ā-ringa, ko te haka me te whakawātea."
Groups have the right to do waiata tira.,Kei ngā rōpū te mana ki te mahi waiata tira.
"There are other categories of winners, that is, for male and female manukura, for costume, for excellence in reo, for new song composition, and for winners for dance, haka and waiata-a-ringa.","Arā atu anō ngā wāhanga toa, arā, mō te manukura wahine me te manukura tāne, mō te kākahu, mō te kairangi o te reo, mō te titonga waiata hou, me ngā toa mō te wāhanga poi, haka, waiata-ā-ringa hoki."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
The haka team today,Te kapa haka i ēnei rā
Competitions across the country,Ngā whakataetae puta noa i te motu
"In the past, the kapa haka was the vehicle to preserve the Māori language and culture.",I te tau ruamano ko te kapa haka te waka hei pupuri i te reo me te ahurea Māori.
There are many people who will stand to dance at each festival and festival all over the country.,"Inā te huhua tangata ka tū ki te haka ki tēnā whaitua, ki tēnā taumāhekeheke puta noa i te motu."
"In addition to Te Matatini, thousands of people also go to watch local festivals.","Tāpiri atu ki Te Matatini, he mano anō ngā tāngata ka haere ki te mātaki i ngā taiopenga ā-rohe hoki."
"Since 2000, Te Ahurea Tino Rangatiratanga, that is, the haka team competition for high schools in Auckland-Macaurau, has been held.","Mai anō i te tau 2000, e tū ana Te Ahurea Tino Rangatiratanga, arā, te whakataetae kapa haka mō ngā kura tuarua o Tāmaki-makaurau."
Te Mana Kuratahi is the national competition for primary schools.,Ko Te Mana Kuratahi te whakataetae ā-motu mō ngā kura tuatahi.
Educational products,Ngā hua mātauranga
The haka team has many academic achievements.,He maha ngā hua mātauranga o te kapa haka.
"This includes preserving and promoting the Māori language and culture, including the use of wood and musical instruments.","Tērā ko te pupuri me te whakatairanga i te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, tērā ko te whakamahinga o te mau rākau me te taonga puoro."
"The teachers have noticed that the haka team has not been asked to learn greetings, prayers and speeches.","Kua kite te hunga kaiako kāore i kō atu i te kapa haka hei ako i te pōwhiri, i te karakia me te whaikōrero."
"The kapa haka includes lessons about relationships, caring and love, as well as making offerings, composing songs and sharpening the mind.","Kei roto i te kapa haka ngā akoranga e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga, te manaakitanga me te aroha, tae atu ki te mahi whakahere, mahi tito waiata me te whakakoi i te hinengaro."
The haka team is also going to the universities.,E haere ana anō hoki te mahi kapa haka ki ngā whare wānanga.
The haka team,Te kapa haka
"In the 2000s, many national organizations turned to the haka team to encourage individual and group performance.",I roto i te tekau tau 2000 he maha ngā whakahaerenga ā-motu ka tahuri ki te kapa haka hei whakatenatena i te hautoa o te takitahi me te takitini.
It is because of this that Māori were able to find and learn who they are.,Nā konei anō i āhei ai ngā Māori te kimi me te ako ko wai rātou.
Finally in the New Zealand Navy the new beers must learn the haka of the navy.,Ka mutu i roto i Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa me ako e ngā pia hou te haka o te taua moana.
Performing Arts is the performing arts school.,Ko Toi Whakaari te kura toi whakaari.
There the haka team was taught to the first year and second year students.,I reira ākona ai te kapa haka ki ngā tauira o te tau tuatahi me te tau tuarua.
The collision of the modern and the old world,Te tukituki o te ao hou me te ao tawhito
"The kapa haka is changing, and traditionalists and creatives alike have arguments.","E rerekē haere ana te kapa haka, ā, he rite tonu ngā tautohetohe a ngā kaipupuri tikanga me te hunga wairua auaha."
Te Rangihau was someone who always adhered to the traditional customs of divorce.,Ko Te Rangihau tētahi i ū tonu ki ngā tikanga o tua whakarere.
"Te Rangihau was a woodworker and a blacksmith, but he did not approve of women's murder.","He tohunga mau rākau, he kākā tarahae hoki a Te Rangihau, kīhai tonu i whakaae ki te haka taparahi a te wahine."
There is also a genre such as Ngāpō Wehi (from Te Whakatōhea) who encouraged women to dance.,Arā anō hoki te momo pērā i a Ngāpō Wehi (nō Te Whakatōhea) i whakatenatena i te hunga wāhine kia haka.
"In 1990, his wives carried sticks, which angered some in the audience.","I te tau 1990 ka mau rākau ana wāhine, i kawa ai ētahi o te minenga."
Today's hakas,Ngā haka o ēnei rā
Today's music compositions delve into past and present themes.,"I ēnei rā ka ruku atu ngā titonga waiata ki ngā kaupapa o mua, o muri hoki."
"Wehi has written about the 'budget', the excesses of some Māori, the health issues affecting the Māori people and the sale of national assets.","Kua tuhi haka a Wehi e pā ana ki te ‘kōpaki pūtea’, ki te taikaha a ētahi Māori, ko ngā take hauora e pā ai ki te iwi Māori me te hokonga atu o ngā rawa a te motu."
"Wehi remains true to his statement, the purpose of the haka is the same as in the past. 'These days the old wars are no more, and have become political wars.","E ū tonu ana a Wehi ki tāna kōrero, ko te kaupapa o te haka he ōrite ki ngā wā o mua."
',"‘I ēnei rā kua kore ngā pakanga o mua, ā, kua ahu kē ki ngā pakanga o te ao tōrangapū.’"
Ethnic identity,Te tuakiri ā-iwi
"Te Rita Papesch is a dancer, teacher, poet and haka judge.","He kaihaka, he kaiako, he kaitito, he kaiwhakawā haka hoki a Te Rita Papesch."
He has expressed his concern about the loss of ethnic identity among today's haka teams.,Kua whakapuakina e ia tōna āwangawanga ki te ngaronga o te tuakiri ā-iwi i waenganui i ngā kapa haka o ēnei rā.
"In the past, it was difficult to see where someone was from by their meter, their movements and their position.","I mua atu he mārakerake te kite atu nō hea tētahi i tōna mita, i ōna nekeneke me tōna tū."
"However, recently the position has been diluted, and the Māori position has been expanded to include the customs of Hawaii, Tahiti and Rarotonga.","Heoi nō nātata nei i waimeha ai te tū, i whakawhenumitia ai te tū a te Māori ki ngā tikanga o Hawaii, o Tahiti me Rarotonga."
Coaching the haka team,Te whakangaio i te kapa haka
Another important factor is making money from the haka team.,Ko tētahi atu take ongaonga ko te mahi moni i te kapa haka.
Te Matatini has started pursuing professional roles such as the play Arohanui.,Kua tīmata te whai  a Te Matatini i ngā tūāhua ngaio pērā i te whakaari o Arohanui.
This is a big show that took place in Wellington and Auckland during the 2011 World Cup.,He whakaaturanga nui tēnei i tū ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara me Tāmaki-makaurau i te wā o te Ipu Whutupōro o te Ao i te tau 2011.
"In particular, the dancers and actors will work together in this play made for theatergoers from all over the world.",Otirā ka mahi tahi ngā kaihaka me ngā kaiwhakaari i roto i tēnei whakaari i hangā mō ngā kaimātaki toi whakaari o te ao katoa.
"Elderly people are important to the whānau and the iwi, including information and knowledge, guidance, and guiding the future generations.","He whakahirahira te hunga kaumātua ki te whānau me te iwi, tae atu ki te mau o ngā kōrero me te mātauranga, te arataki, me te ārahi haere i ngā whakatipuranga e heke mai nei."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Place for the elderly,Wāhi ki ngā kaumātua
Elders are influential people in Māori society.,He hunga whai mana te kaumātua i roto i te ao Māori.
"They do a lot of work for whānau, hapū and iwi.","He maha ā rātou mahi mō ngā whānau, hapū, iwi."
"to preserve the stories, traditions and culture of the iwi","hei pupuri i ngā kōrero, whakapapa, tikanga hoki a te iwi"
as guardians of this matter,hei kaitiaki i tēnei mea te tikanga
"raising children - in the past, the elderly took care of the children when the parents were at work or when they were away.","te whakatipu tamariki – i mua, mā ngā kaumātua e tiaki ngā tamariki inā kei te mahi ngā mātua, inā rānei kei ngā tauā e haere ana."
They will also harden the first ones,Ka whakapakeke anō rātou i ngā mātāmua
as a guide,hei arataki
to settle disputes,hei whakatau totohe
Elders from tradition,Kaumātua i ngā korero tuku iho
"In tradition, elders are the guardians of children and the keepers of tradition.",Kei ngā kōrero tuku iho ko ngā kaumātua ngā kainānā i te tamariki me ngā kaipupuri kōrero tuku iho.
Māui's grandfather from Tamanui-ki-te-rangi saved him and raised him.,"Nā te koroua o Māui nā Tamanui-ki-te-rangi ia i whakaora, i whakatipu hoki."
He also received the knowledge of his grandmother including the essence of fire.,I riro hoki i a ia ngā mātauranga o tōna kuia tae atu ki te mauri o te ahi.
Whaitiri was the grandmother of Tawhaki and Karihi.,Ko Whaitiri te kuia o Tāwhaki rāua ko Karihi.
They looked at each other and pointed to where they would ascend to the sky.,Nānā rāua i tohu ki hea rāua piki ai ki te toi o ngā rangi.
Elderly now,Kaumātua i nāianei
"In the second half of the 1900s, the majority of Māori moved from their slums to the cities where they lived.",I te wāhanga tuarua o te rautau 1900 ka makere te mātotoru o te Māori mai i ō rātou papakāinga ki ngā taone noho ai.
This is why the link of basic education is broken.,Nō konei ka whati te hononga o te mātauranga taketake.
Some tribes have started educational programs for elders to keep the traditions alive.,Kua tīmata i ētahi iwi te mahi hōtaka ako mō ngā kaumātua e mau tonu ai ngā kōrero tuku iho.
"Since the 1970s, old people's homes have been built on many marae where the elderly can live in the middle of the marae.","Mai i te tekau tau 1970, ka waihangahia ngā whare kaumātua ki runga i ngā marae maha e noho tonu ai ngā kaumātua i te mātotorutanga o te marae."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Old age and its activities,Kaumātua me āna mahi
Kaumātua are the adults of the Māori world.,Ko ngā kaumātua te hunga pakeke o te ao Māori.
Men are called koroua and women are kuia.,"Ko te hunga tāne ka kīa he koroua, ko ngā mea wāhine ka kīa he kuia."
"A person reaches old age based on his age, his knowledge of tribal traditions, and his position as a visible face for future generations.","Ka eke te tangata ki te kaumātuatanga i runga i tōna pakeke, tōna mātau ki ngā kōrero tuku iho ā-iwi, me tōna tūnga ake hei kanohi kitea mā ngā whakatipuranga ō muri."
"When a person reaches the middle age of 60, he has reached middle age.","Ki te eke te pakeke o te tangata ki ngā tau pokapū o te 60, kua eke ia ki te ahungarua."
"It's just because of their age that a person is called an old man, but because of the skills and talents of some, they have stood up since they were still young.","He rite tonu nā tōna pakeke ka kīa te tangata he kaumātua, heoi nā ngā pūkenga me ngā pūmanawa rangatira o ētahi, kua tū mai i te wā e rangatahi tonu ana."
Elderly status in the population,Tūranga kaumātua i te taupori
Elderly people will continue to be important in the Māori world based on their preparation and the knowledge they have gathered over time.,Ka tū hirahira tonu te hunga kaumātua i roto i te ao Māori i runga i ō rātou takatūnga me te mātauranga kua kohia e rātou i runga i te wā.
"When he is old enough, he will be given power and he will continue to carry out his expectations.",Kia taipakeke rawa kātahi ka poua te mana ki a ia me tōna kawe tonu i ōna i tūmanako ai.
They are sought after to advise on various daily activities and nightly rituals and sacred ceremonies of the Māori.,"Ka rapua mai rātou hei tohutohu i ngā tūmomo mahi o ia rā, ā, pō noa ki ngā whakahaerenga me ngā kawa tapu o te Māori."
They are called by the iwi to do some work for the whānau and the tribal chief.,Ka karangahia rātou e te iwi kia whakatūtuki i ētahi mahi mō te whānau me te matua iwi hoki.
Senior position,Te tūranga kaumātua
Elders play an important role in leading the way.,He wāhi nui tō te kaumātua ki te ārahi haere.
"In particular, the elders are the heads of the whānau, and it falls to them to decide on land issues; management and use of family assets; raising and teaching children, including being a representative of the whānau in the iwi cabinet.","Inā koa ko ngā kaumātua ngā ūpoko o te whānau, ā ka taka ki a rātou te whakatau take whenua; ngā whakahaere me te whakamahinga o ngā taonga whānau; te whāngai me te whakaako i ngā tamariki, tae atu ki te tū hei māngai mō te whānau ki te rūnanga a te iwi."
"After all, it is up to the parents to look after the children when the parents are working or fighting.","Whāia ake, mā ngā kaumātua e tirotiro ngā tamariki i ngā wā e mahi ana ngā matua, e tū ana rānei rātou ki te pakanga."
Since the first child is always fed by the elders.,Mai anō e tūturu ana te whāngai o ngā kaumātua i te mokopuna mātāmua.
"The kaumātua are still the houses of the story, whakapapa and education.","Ko ngā kaumātua tonu ngā whare o te kōrero, whakapapa, mātauranga hoki."
Changes,Ngā panonitanga
"Due to people living longer, the age of the elderly has changed.",Nā te oranga roa ake o te tangata kua rerekē te pakeke o te tangata kaumātua.
"Before the European settlement, people were elderly in their 40s, and some were only 30 years old.","I mua i te noho Pākehā, he kaumātua te tangata i roto i ōna tau 40, ā, ko ētahi e 30 noa iho te pakeke."
"In the fall of 1980, the government office called an elderly meeting, and the elderly age for that meeting was set at 70 or more.","I te ngahuru tau 1980, ka karanga te tari kāwanatanga i tētahi hui kaumātua, ā, ka whakaturea te pakeke kaumātua mō tērā hui ko te 70 neke atu."
"That left behind one of the famous elders of Ngāpuhi, Haimona Snowden, who is only in his 60s.","Nō konā ka mahue mai tētahi o ngā kaumātua rongonui o Ngāpuhi a Haimona Snowden, kei ngā tau 60 noa iho."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Elders in ancient times,Kaumātua i ngā wā ō mua
"In the Māori ancestral stories, the elders are told about their upbringing and imparting knowledge to the generations.","Kei roto i ngā kōrero tīpuna a te Māori e kōrerotia ai te hunga kaumātua me tā rātou whakatipu, whakatō hoki i te mātauranga ki ngā whakareanga."
Kaumātua o Maui,Kaumātua o Māui
All the stories about Māui hear about the supernatural power and the hereditary power of its elders.,Kei ngā kōrero katoa mō Māui rāngona ai te mana tipua me te mana tuku iho o ōna kaumātua.
"Taranga threw his son Māui into the sea, and later his grandfather, Tamanui-ki-te-rangi, found him stranded in his mother's tikikiki.","Ka whiua e Taranga tāna tamaiti a Māui ki te moana, ā, nō muri ka kitea mai e tana koroua ko Tamanui-ki-te-rangi, i tōna paenga tātahi i roto i te tikitiki o tōna whaea."
Tamanui-ki-te-rangi hardens the child and pours into him the waste and karakia of the sea and the desert.,Ka whakapakeketia te mokopuna rā e Tamanui-ki-te-rangi me te whakaheke ki roto ki a ia ngā tauparapara me ngā karakia o te moana me te waonui.
Eventually Māui met his grandmother Muriranga-whenua and gave him his jaw which he used to fish up the fish and kill Tamanui-te-Rā.,"Nāwai ka tūpono a Māui ki tana kuia ki a Muriranga-whenua, ā, ka tukuna ki a ia tōna kauae i whakamahia e ia ki te hī ake i te ikawhenua nei me te patu i a Tamanui-te-Rā."
Mahuika's old woman was tricked by Maui technology for the gift of fire.,Nā Māui hangarau anō i tinihanga te kuia a Mahuika mō te taonga o te ahi.
"Upon completion, Māui tried to find the cause of the disease and kill that of his grandmother Hine-nui-te-pō.","I te otinga, ka whakamātau a Māui te kimi i te mauri o te mate me te patu i tērā o ana kuia a Hine-nui-te-pō."
"However, Māui was defeated and lost.",Heoi ka kūkūtia iho a Māui ā ngaro noa.
Export,Tāwhaki
"According to the story of Tawhaki, he and his brother Karihi ascended to the sky.","Kei ngā kōrero mō Tāwhaki, ka kake rāua ko tana taina ko Karihi ki te toi o ngā rangi."
"Before boarding, they met their matakerepo grandmother, Whaitiri.","I mua i te ekenga, ka tūpono ki tō rāua kuia matakerepō, ko Whaitiri."
"Watching the activities of his grandchildren, Whaitiri chose where they would go up into the sky.","I te pū rangiaho mata i ngā mahi a ana mokopuna, ka tohua rāua e Whaitiri ki hea rāua piki ai ki te rangi tūhāhā."
Arts and Culture,Toi me Whātonga
The love of an elder towards a child can be heard in the stories about Art.,E rongohia anō ai te aroha o te kaumātua ki te mokopuna i ngā kōrero mō Toi.
"Whātonga and his friend Tūrāhui compete in a canoe race on the river at Pikopikoiwhiti, Hawaiki.","Ka tū a Whātonga rāua ko tana hoa ko Tūrāhui ki te whakataetae waka ama i te awa i Pikopikoiwhiti, ki Hawaiki."
"As they set sail, a storm blew them out into the dark sea.",I te whakaterenga atu ka pūhia rāua e te āwha ki waho ki te moana uriuri.
"Because of his concern for his grandson, Toi set out to find out where he was, and eventually landed in New Zealand.","Nā tōna māharahara ki tāna mokopuna, ka whakatika atu a Toi ki te rangahau kei hea ia, ā, ngaru hinga atu hinga mai ka tau rawa mai ki Aotearoa."
Tura,Tura
"There is also the story of Tura's ancestor, when he went to an island inhabited by an aging tribe.","Tērā hoki te kōrero mō te tipuna mō Tura, i tāna haere ki tētahi motu i te nōhia e tētahi iwi tē koroheketia."
"When he married a woman, he found that his waist was gray.",Ka moe wāhine ia ā nāwai ka kitea kua hina tōna uru.
"The question is thrown in that shape, and the answer is gray, that is death.","Ka whiua te pātai ki tērā āhua, ā, ka whakahokia ko te hina, ko te mate tērā."
"For he said: 'When the weeds of Tura are near you, grayness and death.","Inā hoki tōna whakatauāki: ‘Ka tata ki a koe ngā taru o Tura, ko te hina, ko te mate."
',’
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Elders are educational institutions and cultivators,Ko ngā kaumātua ngā whare mātauranga me ngā kaiwhakatipu
Newsrooms,Ngā whare kōrero
"In the past, kaumātua were the custodians of iwi, whakapapa, and heritage.","I ngā wā o mua ko ngā kaumātua tonu ngā whare pupuri kōrero ā-iwi, whakapapa, tuku iho hoki."
Skilled orators are seated on court benches.,Ko ngā kaikōrero mātau ka whakanōhia ki runga i ngā paepae marae.
They will perform rituals and perform sacred duties.,"Ka taka ki a rātou ngā mahi tā kawa, taki hoki i ngā kawenga tapu."
"The matātahi will turn to the elders to explain things, to watch over them, and to set the rules and customs of the iwi.","Ka anga atu rā te mātātahi ki te hunga kaumātua hei whakamārama kōrero, hei tautiaki, hei whakanoho i ngā ture me ngā tikanga ā te iwi."
Traditional owners,Ngā kaipupuri tikanga
"The following is what Hirini Mead says about the role of the elderly in preserving Māori customs: 'Older individuals generally have a greater familiarity with and knowledge about tikanga because they have participated in tikanga, have observed interpretations of the tikanga at home. and other tribal areas.","E whai ake nei ko tā Hirini Mead mō te tūranga o te kaumātua ki te tiaki i ngā tikanga Māori: ‘Older individuals generally have a greater familiarity with and knowledge about tikanga because they have participated in tikanga, have observed interpretations of the tikanga at home and other tribal areas."
"The kaumātua and kuia, the elders, are often the guardians of tikanga.' (Elderly people have a better understanding of Māori education and tikanga, because they have been immersed in the tikanga and have seen how these tikanga are practiced in their homes and regions.","The kaumātua and kuia, the elders, are often the guardians of tikanga.’ (Ka mārama ake te hunga kaumātua ki te mātauranga me ngā tikanga Māori, inā hoki kua rumakina rātou ki ngā tikanga, kua kite hoki rātou i te whakahaerenga o ēnei tikanga ki ō rātou kāinga, rohe maha."
"In most cases, the tradition holders are still elderly).",I te nuinga o te wā ko ngā kaumātua tonu ngā kaipupuri tikanga).
Song poetry,Waiata oriori
"In addition, another form of education is music.",Tāpiri anō ko tētahi momo whakaheke mātauranga ko te waiata oriori.
These were composed by an old man for his new grandson.,He mea tito ēnei e te kaumātua mō tāna mokopuna hou.
"The words of these songs go back to the traditional stories and whakapapa of his iwi, to remind the child of his responsibilities to the iwi.","Ka hoki ngā kupu o ēnei waiata ki ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā whakapapa a tōna iwi, hei whakamaharatanga ake mā te tamaiti rā ki ōna kawenga mā te iwi."
"Hinekitawhiti of Te Auiti composed his poem for his granddaughter Ahuahukiterangi, who lives in the area of ​​Te Ariuru in Tokomaru.","Ko Hinekitawhiti o Te Auiti tērā i tito i tana waiata oriori mō tāna mokopuna kōhine mō Ahuahukiterangi, e noho mai nā i te takiwā o Te Ariuru ki Tokomaru."
"In this poem, the grandmother greets her grandson, and resolves her many calls from Tokomaru to Raukōkore.","I roto i te oriori nei ka puta te oha a te kuia ki tana mokopuna, me te whakatau ake i ōna kārangaranga maha atu i Tokomaru huri noa ki Raukōkore."
He also gives advice on tribal leaders and landmarks in his area.,Ka whakarērea hoki āna tohutohu mō ngā rangatira ā-iwi me ngā tohu whenua o tōna takiwā.
Model selection,Te kōwhiri tauira
"Elders and even grandmothers did not only give knowledge to the children orally, but they also brought them to various activities.","Kāre ngā kaumātua tae rawa ki ngā kuia i tuku mātauranga ki ngā tamariki mā te waha anake, engari i whakaputaina hoki e rātou ki ngā tini mahinga katoa."
At individual times a child is selected who is expected to study.,Hei ngā wā takitahi kua tohua tētahi tamaiti i tūmanakohia ai mō te ako.
Pei Te Hurinui Jones goes back to the time when he worked with his grandfather Te Hurinui Te Wano until his death in 1911.,Ka hoki a Pei Te Hurinui Jones ki te wā e tai ana ia i te taha o tana koroua i a Te Hurinui Te Wano ā tae noa ki tōna matenga i te tau 1911.
There were many meetings and civil councils that followed.,He nui ngā hui me ngā rūnanga ā-iwi i whai haere ai rāua puta noa i te motu.
across the country.,Ko te nuinga o ngā kōrero tuku iho i a Pei Te Hurinui he mea whāngai e tōna koroua.
Elderly,Kaumātua whāngai
"When parents are called to work or war, the elders look after the children.","I ngā wā e karangahia ana ngā mātua ki te mahi, ki te pakanga rānei, ko ngā kaumātua e nānā ana i ngā tamariki."
It is also customary for the elders to inherit the mātāmūā who will inherit the traditions and whakapapa.,He tikanga anō kia riro mā ngā kaumātua anō te mātāmua e opeope e riro ki a ia ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā whakapapa.
There are many children who are forced by their elders in their own homes.,He nui noa atu te hunga tamariki ka whakapakekehia e o rātou kaumātua ki o rātou kāinga anō.
Grandchild-grandchild bond,Taura here kaumātua-mokopuna
Elders are probably the ones that children see the most.,Ko ngā kaumātua pea te hunga i kitea nui ai e ngā tamariki.
"The relationship between the elder and the child was connected by caring and love, and by giving advice.","I tūhonotia ai te hononga o te kaumātua me te mokopuna i runga i te manaakitanga me te aroha, me te whakaoko tohutohu hoki."
"Te Rangi Hīroa recalled: 'When I was told that an aged visitor whom I had never seen before was an ancestor to me, my heart warmed towards him.","Ka hoki ngā mahara a Te Rangi Hīroa: ‘When I was told that an aged visitor whom I had never seen before was a tipuna to me, my heart warmed towards him."
I placed him in the same category as my other ancestor who resided in the same village and had lavished affection upon me.,I placed him in the same category as my other tipuna who resided in the same village and had lavished affection upon me.
He was a member of the family' .He still has a family).,"He was a member of the family'  (Pēnā ka kīa mai ahau he tipuna tētahi kaumātua manene nōku, ka rata tōku ngākau ki a ia."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Kaumātua and leadership,Kaumātua me te rangatiratanga
Leadership,Rangatiratanga
"Kaumātua, both male and female elders, were the leaders of the whānau.","Ko ngā kaumātua, tāne mai wahine mai, ngā kaiārahi o te whānau."
"Leadership was focused on the oldest members of the whānau, often as patriarch or matriarch possessing the wisdom and experience to guide the younger generations.","I pūtahi te mana o te whānau ki ngā mātāmua, arā ngā mea mātau rawa hei akiaki i ngā tōmuri."
"Kaumātua made the decisions concerning the working of family land, the control and use of family property, and the rearing and education of children.","Kei ngā kaumātua anō te whakatau whakamutunga mō te taha ki ngā take whenua whānau, ngā taonga ā-whānau, te whakatipu me te whakaako i ngā tamariki."
They were the spokespersons for the whānau in rūnanga (tribal councils).,Ko rātou anō ngā māngai o ngā whānau ki ngā rūnanga.
Role of kaumātua in rūnanga,Tūranga kaumātua ki te rūnanga
Kaumātua played a significant role in rūnanga.,He tūranga whai hiranga tō ngā kaumātua ki te rūnanga.
"John Savage, a surgeon, travelled to New Zealand in 1805.",Nō te tau 1805 ka tae mai te tohunga poka tinana a John Savage ki Aotearoa.
"He spent two months in the Bay of Islands before returning to England in 1806 with a Māori named Moehanga, the first New Zealander to visit England.","E rua ngā marama e noho ana ia ki Pēwhairangi, ka hoki ia ki Ingarangi me tētahi Māori, ko Moehanga te ingoa."
"He observed: ‘The elders have great weight in the councils of the chiefs, and in all affairs, excepting those of a military description, they decide independently of them, though the authority of the chiefs would undoubtedly enable them to prevent the elders from carrying any projected measure into execution, should they feel disposed to exert this authority.’",Ko ia te Māori tuatahi kia tae ki Ingarangi.
Taumau – betrothal,Taumau
Kaumātua were often involved in arranging appropriate marriages.,Ka uru anō te kaumātua ki ngā whakahaerenga o te tikanga taumau.
"In some cases they might stand up to betroth an infant grandchild during a function, particularly where such a union might be politically advantageous to the whānau, hapū or tribe.",He wā kua tū te kaumātua i roto i te hui me te rāhui i te mokopuna tamaiti mō te taumau.
In other cases a young man or woman might first talk to his or her kaumātua of their desire to marry someone.,"Ka tūtakina tēnei tikanga hei paihere ā-whānau, hapū, iwi hoki."
"The kaumātua would arrange the marriage rather than the parents, if the match was acceptable.",He wā anō kua kōrero tētahi ki tana kaumātua i mua i te tono atu.
Dispute resolution,Whakatau totohe
Kaumātua also played a prominent role in social control and dispute resolution.,"Ka whai mana anō te kaumātua ki ngā whakahaerenga o te hapori, me te whakawā raruraru."
"Parties in disputes drew on the wisdom and guidance of kaumātua, and in most cases deferred to their judgment.","Ki te puta te totohe i ētahi hunga, kua tahuri rātou ki te rapu i ngā whakaaro āwhina o te kaumātua."
"Merimeri Penfold commented on her elders dealing with misdemeanours during her childhood in the 1930s: ‘Every Sunday they would have this gathering of elders and bring up elements that need to be addressed by them – like these guys who had been tampering with Māori tapu or raiding the hen run … this is the talk around the family, everybody knows about [the family member involved] and he was brought to meet the elders after church and that was sort of punishment, too.’","Ka kōrero a Merimeri Penfold mō te whakawā a ōna kaumātua i te hunga ka taka ki te hē i ngā tau 1930: ‘Every Sunday they would have this gathering of elders and bring up elements that need to be addressed by them – like these guys who had been tampering with Māori tapu or raiding the hen run … this is the talk around the family, everybody knows about [the family member involved] and he was brought to meet the elders after church and that was sort of punishment, too' (Ia Rātapu kua hui katoa ngā kaumātua me te whakaputa ake i ētahi āhuatanga hei tirotiro mā te iwi – pērā i te hunga tānoanoa tapu, i ērā rānei ka whānako heihei ."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Aging in the modern world,Kaumātua i te ao hōu
Stay disconnected,Noho momotu
"When it migrated to the cities at the end of the 19th century, the main aka of the tradition was broken.","I te hekenga ki ngā taone i te pito o te rautau 1900, ka motu te aka matua o te tikanga."
"Some elders, despite their tradition and tradition, have said that they are ignorant of what their elders told them when they were young: 'Gone are the days when we could, but didn't often bother to, sit and listen, as beautiful words and phrases flowed forth from a heart and mind, well versed in the things of his generation and with songs that were history and geography in themselves !","Kua whākī ake ētahi kaumātua ahakoa tōna tikanga kua mau ki ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā tikanga he kuare kē nō rātou ki ngā kōrero a ō rātou kaumātua ake inā kē hoki he ware he kore mau rānei i te wā e rangatahi tonu ana: ‘Gone are the days when we could, but didn't often bother to, sit and listen, as beautiful words and phrases flowed forth from a heart and mind, well versed in the things of his generation and with songs that were history and geography in themselves!"
"… A new era has dawned for us!—""When the tired, the young are hungry."" the heart of that generation that is well versed in traditional songs and stories!","… A new era has dawned for us!—“Ka pu te ruha, ka hao te rangatahi.”' (Kua taha ngā rā i āhei ai he noho taringa kōhatu hoki mātou ki ngā kupu taurangi e maringi mai ana i te hinengaro me te whatumanawa o tērā reanga mātau rawa ki ngā waiata me ngā kōrero tuku iho!"
.,...
..,"Kua takiri ake he ata hou mō mātou!– “Ka pū te rūhā, ka hao te rangatahi.”)"
The reduction of academic information,Te whakaheke kōrero mātauranga
"In 1907, Te Rangi Hīroa saw this great problem being photographed, and he prayed to the Māori elders to pass down their stories:","Nō te tau 1907 ka kite a Te Rangi Hīroa i te pueatanga ake o tēnei raru nui, me tōna īnoi ki ngā kaumātua Māori kia tuku iho i ā rātou kōrero:"
[Don't keep the wealth of our ancestors.,[K]aua e kaiponutia nga taonga a o tatou tupuna.
Let us know.,Tukuna mai .
..,..
"That way our stories will last forever, and will be left as a gift to future generations, so that the joy of the elders will not be wasted in hell and we, the grandchildren, will be left speechless.","Ma kona ka mau tonu ai a tatou korero, ka mahue iho ai hei koha ki nga uri e tipu ake nei, kei moumou te hari atu a nga kaumatua ki te reinga a ka mahue kupu kore matou nga mokopuna."
A settlement,He whakataunga
"In some areas, it has been left to the next generation to develop to fill the gaps of the elderly.",Kei ētahi wāhi kua mahue mai ki te reanga ō muri te whanake ki te whakakī i ngā whārua o ngā kaumātua.
Some tribes have their own kaumātua information center.,Kei ā ētahi iwi he whakapūpū i a rātou whare kōrero kaumātua.
"Finally, there is Te Arataki Manu Kōrero o Tainui, that is, the project initiated by the Ngāti Maniapoto elder Tui Adams to bring together the Tainui elders, Tainui culture and its history to continue the traditional stories.","Ka mutu ko Te Arataki Manu Kōrero o Tainui tērā, arā, te kaupapa i kōkiritia e te kaumātua o Ngāti Maniapoto a Tui Adams hei whākao i ō Tainui kaumātua, i ā Tainui tikanga, i ōna hītori hoki e iere tonu ai ngā kōrero tuku iho me te āhua o Tainui."
Elderly people continue to be the backbone of Māori and Māori power.,"E noho tonu ana te hunga kaumātua hei pakihiwi kaha mō Ngāi Māori, me te mana Māori."
"Mason Durie said: 'The standing of a tribe, its mana .","Nā Mason Durie te kōrero: ‘The standing of a tribe, its mana … relates more to the visible presence and authority of its elders … it is the older generation who carry the status, tradition and integrity of their people' (Ko te āhua o te iwi, me tōna mana ..."
.. relates more to the visible presence and authority of its elders .,kei te kanohi kitea me te mana o ōna kaumātua rangatira ...
".. it is the older generation who carry the status, tradition and integrity of their people' the iwi, and its power .",ko te reanga ō mua tērā e kawe nei i ngā tikanga me te mana o te iwi).
Nursing home,Whare noho kaumātua
"In the 1970s, the establishment of old people's homes began.",Nō te tekau tau 1970 ka tīmata te whakatūtū haere i ngā whare noho kaumātua.
"In 1975, Māori Minister Matiu Rata spoke about the purpose of these houses: '[T]he desire to keep our elders where they become the ones who keep our maraes, our communities and our lands warm with their presence.","I te tau 1975, ka puta te kōrero a te Minita Māori a Matiu Rata mō te kaupapa o ngā whare nei: ‘[T]he desire to keep our elders where they become the ones who keep our maraes, our communities and our lands warm with their presence."
"Not for us the Eventide homes, the boarding houses where the elderly are put on their own, the communities consisting solely of the aged and the infirm.","Not for us the Eventide homes, the boarding houses where the elderly are put on their own, the communities consisting solely of the aged and the infirm."
Elders are part of the community .,"Elders are part of the community … The need for them as the link between the old and the new and as the stabilising group which will perpetuate Māoritanga is greater now than ever before' (He āwhero tēnei kia noho ko te hunga kaumātua tonu ngā kaitiaki o ngā marae, ngā kāinga me ngā kaipupuri i te ahikāroa."
..,"Kāre ngā kāinga Eventide mō mātou, ngā whare poari rānei ki reira noho momotu ai, e nōhia kē ana ēnei hapori e te kauheke anake me te hunga ngoikore."
"The need for them as the link between the old and the new and as the stabilizing group which will perpetuate Māoritanga is greater now than ever before' courtyards, homes and owners of the ahikaroa.",Me whai wāhi tonu te hunga kaumātua ki roto i te hapori ...
"Eventide homes are not for us, or board houses where we can be isolated, these communities are inhabited only by the poor and the weak.","Ko ngā kaumātua hei hononga i te ao tawhito me te ao hou, otirā i āianei he nui atu te whai take o tēnei tūāhua mō te ao Māori)."
"From the first contact of the Māori with the government, the Europeans have many doubts about the Māori culture.",Mai i te hononga tuatahi o te Māori ki te kāwanatanga he maha ngā pōhēhē a te Pākehā ki te ritenga Māori.
One of the most debated issues today is the word government.,Ko tētahi take e tautohetia nuitia ana i ēnei rā ko te kupu kāwanatanga.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
The word government comes from the Māori word for 'governor'.,I takea mai te kupu kāwanatanga i te kupu Māori mō ‘governor’ – kāwana.
It was not until the Declaration in 1835 that the Māori people worked together to establish independence in this country.,Nō te Whakaputanga i te tau 1835 kātahi anō ka mahi ngātahi ngā iwi Māori ki te whakature i te mana motuhake ki tēnei whenua.
The leaders of Te Tai Tokerau were the first to sign the decision until they agreed before forming a government.,Nā ngā rangatira o Te Tai Tokerau i haina tuatahi i runga i te whakatau kia whakaae rā anō ko rātou i mua i te whakatū kāwanatanga.
They will also seek the Crown's guarantee of the security of New Zealand's independence from other nations.,Ka rapua hoki e rātou te kī taurangi a te Karauna mō te noho haumaru o te mana motuhake o Aotearoa i ngā iwi kē.
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed.,I te tau 1840 ka hainatia te Tiriti o Waitangi.
"It was the Māori section that was included by the majority, giving 'governance' back to the Crown.","Ko te wāhanga Māori tērā i tāmokotia e te nuinga, me te tuku anō i te ‘kāwanatanga’ ki te Karauna."
The Māori had a strong hand at that time and it is remembered that the British governor in New Zealand was the only European.,"I te Māori anō te ringa kaha i tērā wā, ā, ka maharatia mō ngā Pākehā anake te kāwana o Piritānia i Aotearoa."
"That section is different from the Pakeha reo kaupapa, which was called 'absolute sovereignty', and the Pakeha people insisted that this was the accepted offer.","He rerekē taua wāhanga i te kaupapa reo Pākehā, i huaina kētia ko te kupu ‘absolute sovereignty’, ā, ka mārō ngā Pākehā koia tonu nei te tuku i whakaaetia."
Trials,Ngā whakawaimehatanga
The government tries to balance Māori with the non-Maori world.,Ka whakamātau te kāwanatanga ki te whakawaimeha i te Māori ki te ao o tauiwi.
That is the area where the most fertile land was acquired by the Māori.,Koirā tonu te papa i riro ai ngā whenua haumako rawa a te Māori.
"The Māori people retaliated, and according to the government, it was an act of selfishness on the part of the Crown, and the Māori were punished with the pen and the sword.","Ka whakahokia te riri e te iwi Māori, ā, ki tā te kāwanatanga, he mahi takatakahi tērā i te ūpoko o te Karauna, ā, ka whakawhiua te Māori ki te pene me te hoari."
That was the outbreak of New Zealand's land wars.,Ko te pakarutanga tērā o ngā riri whenua o Aotearoa.
Māori and Parliament,Māori me te Paremata
"With the creation of Māori seats in 1867, the government wanted to tame Māori and reduce their political power.",I runga i te hanganga o ngā tūru Māori i te tau 1867 ka hiahia te kāwanatanga ki te whakarata i te Māori me te whakaiti i ōna mana tōrangapū.
"However, the Māori continued to oppose the government through the King and Kotahitanga (Parliament Māori).",Heoi ka tukituki tonu te Māori i te kāwanatanga mā roto tonu i te Kīngitanga me te Kotahitanga (Paremata Māori).
The changing world,Te ao hurihuri
"From the Second World War, the Māori began to migrate to the cities to live and gradually came into contact with the European world.","Mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka tīmata te heke a te Māori ki ngā taone noho ai, ā, ka whakapā haere ki te ao Pākehā."
This is why the government decided to compare the Māori to the European world.,Nō konei ka tahuri te kāwanatanga ki te whakawaimeha i te Māori ki te ao Pākehā.
"In the 1970s, Māori became increasingly aware of important issues affecting them.",I ngā tekau tau 1970 ka ohooho ake te Māori ki ngā take nui e pā ana ki a ia.
In 1975 the Treaty of Waitangi Enforcement Committee was created to investigate violations of the treaty.,I te tau 1975 ka waihangatia te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi hei tirotiro i ngā whatinga o te tiriti.
"Since the 1980s, the group has been promoting divisiveness.",Mai i te tekau tau 1980 ka whakatairanga ake te rōpū nei i te iwiruatanga.
"However, in the 2000s, many issues are still in front of the government, such as the laws related to the coast.","Heoi i te rautau 2000 he maha ngā take kei mua tonu i te aroaro o te kāwanatanga, pērā i ngā ture e pā ana ki te takutai moana."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Defining the word government,Te whakamārama i te kupu kāwanatanga
The word government comes from the English word for governor.,Ka ahu mai te kupu kāwanatanga i te kupu Ingarihi mō te kāwana (governor).
His customs are not in the Māori world.,Kāore ōna ritenga i te ao Māori.
"Finally, due to the Māori's civil status, its leadership, management and lifestyle are different from the formal government that emerged from the British crown system.","Ka mutu nā te noho ā-iwi mai o te Māori he rerekē ōna mana rangatira, ōna mana whakahaere me ōna tikanga noho i te huatau kāwanatanga i puea mai i te pūnaha karauna o Peretānia."
That was the search of the first representatives of the British government for some words to explain the ideas they wanted to implement.,Ko te rapunga tērā o ngā kanohi tuatahi o te kāwanatanga Peretānia i ētahi kupu hei whakamārama i ngā tū whakaaro i hiahia rātou ki te whakatinana.
"1835, The Declaration","1835, Te Whakaputanga"
In 1835 the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand was signed by the Northern leaders.,I te tau 1835 ka tāmokotia te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tīreni e ngā rangatira o Te Tai Tokerau.
The painting was designed by British Resident James Busby.,Nā te Kainoho Peretānia nā James Busby te waikanaetanga i hoahoa.
"In the publication, the leaders do not allow anyone to take over the government of their country except the people they have appointed and authorized.","I roto i te whakaputanga kāore ngā rangatira e whakaae kia riro ki tētahi te mana kāwanatanga o tō rātou motu hāunga anō ngā tangata nā rātou i tohu, i whakamana hoki."
It seems that the explanation given to the rulers of the word 'governance' is that they retain absolute sovereignty until they hand it over to others.,"Te āhua nei ko te whakamāramatanga ki ngā rangatira mō te kupu ‘kāwanatanga’, ka mau tonu i a rātou te tino rangatiratanga kia tukuna rā anō e rātou ki ētahi."
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed.,I te tau 1840 ka hainatia te Tiriti o Waitangi.
There were many more signatories than those who signed the publication in 1835.,He nui noa atu ngā rangatira i haina i ērā i haina i te whakaputanga i te tau 1835.
"According to the first part in te reo Māori, 'the whole Government of their lands is surrendered to the Queen of England forever.","E ai ki te wāhanga tuatahi i te reo Māori, ‘ka tuku rawa atu ki te Kuini o Ingarangi ake tonu atu te Kawanatanga katoa o o ratou wenua’."
'.,"I te taha Ingarihi o te tiriti ka mea, ‘he tuku rawa i te mana tūturu katoa o ō rātou whenua ki te Kūini o Ingarangi mō ake tonu atu.’ Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakamāori te kupu ‘kāwanatanga hei whakamārama i te ‘complete sovereignty’."
Redefining the word government,Te whakamārama anō i te kupu kāwanatanga
"Recently, experts have challenged the correctness of linguistic explanations.",I namata nei i werohia ai e te hunga matatau ki te tika o ngā whakamārama reo.
"They have said that the leaders will not sign if they do not understand the depth, that is, to hand over the power to their lands.","Kua kī ake rātou kāore tonu ngā rangatira e haina mena i te mārama ki te hōhonutanga ake, arā, ki te tuku atu i te mana ki ō rātou whenua."
"In Hugh Kāwharu's new translation of the Treaty, the word 'sovereignty' is thrown out, and 'government' is used for 'government'.","I te whakamāoritanga hōu a Hugh Kāwharu o te Tiriti ka whiua atu te kupu ‘sovereignty’, ka whakamahia te ‘government’ mō te ‘kāwanatanga’."
"According to Kāwharu, 'Māori signatories do not understand government as a word for ""sovereignty"": that is, they have no understanding in the situations they have seen in the Māori world, in the examples or in the Māori world, until that time.","E ai ki a Kāwharu, ‘Kore rawa e mārama ngā kaihaina Māori ki te kāwanatanga hei kupu mō te “sovereignty”: arā, kāore kau he māramatanga mō rātou i roto i ngā āhuatanga kua kitea e rātou i te ao Māori, i ngā tauira rānei i roto i te ao Māori, tae noa mai ki taua wā.’"
Sovereignty,Tino rangatiratanga
"In the second part of the Treaty it was confirmed that the 'governance' of the island would go to the Crown, but the Māori would retain full sovereignty over their hapū, their land and all their property.","Kei te wāhanga tuarua o te Tiriti i whakaūngia ko te ‘kāwanatanga’ o te motu ka haere ki te Karauna, engari ka mau tonu te Māori ki te tino rangatiratanga ki ō rātou hapū, ki ō rātou whenua me ō rātou taonga katoa."
"However, in the English language section in the first chapter, the meaning of 'te tino rangatiratanga' is explained ie 'full, exclusive and undisturbed possession'.","Heoi kei te wāhanga reo Ingarihi i te kaupapa tuatahi ka whakamāramatia te tikanga o ‘te tino rangatiratanga’ arā, ‘full, exclusive and undisturbed possession’."
Kāwharu explains that it is the 'unqualified exercise of their chieftainship'.,Ki tā Kāwharu whakamārama ko te ‘unqualified exercise of their chieftainship’.
Māori and the government have always argued over the meaning of 'government' and 'sovereignty'.,Mai noa e tautohe ana te Māori me te kāwanatanga ki te tikanga ake o te ‘kāwanatanga’ me te ‘tino rangatiratanga’.
"The working government determines its governmental powers through recommendation, coordination, force and structural laws.","Ko tā te kāwanatanga mahi he whakatau i ōna mana kāwanatanga mā te taunaki, te whakamahitahi, te ringakaha me ngā ture hanganga."
"However, recently some Māori have defined sovereignty as 'Māori self-government'.",Heoi nō nātatanei ko te whakamārama o ētahi Māori mō te tino rangatiratanga ko te ‘Māori self-government’.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Implementation of government,Te whakatinana i te kāwanatanga
Incorporating Māori culture,Te whakauru i ngā tikanga Māori
"In the years following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, it was very difficult for the government to manage all the Māori territories.","I ngā tau tata whai muri i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi, he uaua rawa mō te kāwanatanga ki te whakahaere i ngā rohe Māori katoa."
"The first governors did not have an army, and their institutions were not strong.","Kāretahi he ope taua o ngā kāwana tuatahi, kāore anō kia pakari ngā whakahaere."
Therefore Māori customs and traditions play an important role.,Nā reira ka whai wāhi nui ngā tikanga me te ritenga Māori.
"In particular, in 1844 Governor Pitiroi approved the Native Exemption Ordinance.","Inā koa, i te tau 1844 ka whakamana a Kāwana Pitiroi i te ture Native Exemption Ordinance."
"In the case of a Māori and a European, it was common to confiscate property from a Māori person; in addition to the other punishments.","I ngā whakawānga kēhi o tētahi Māori me tētahi Pākehā, he reawhā te muru taonga mai i te tangata Māori; tāpiri anō ki ērā atu whakawhiu."
This is similar to the Māori tradition of forgiveness.,He ōrite tēnei ki te tikanga Māori o te murunga hara.
"Under the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 the creation of Māori territories was authorized; and that Māori laws, customs and practices be maintained.","I raro i te ture New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 ka whakamanaia te waihanga o ngā rohe Māori; ā, kia toitū hoki ko ngā ture, ngā ritenga me ngā whakahaere Māori."
"However, these Māori regions were not just created.","Heoi anō, kāore noa iho i waihangatia ēnei rohe Māori."
Litigation and European law,Te whakawaimehatanga me te ture Pākehā
This means that the government's approval of Māori law is only temporary until a new generation accepts European law.,Ko tōna tikanga he rangitahi anake te whakamana o te kāwanatanga i te ture Māori kia puta ētahi reanga hou e whakaae ana ki te ture Pākehā.
"Part of this process is to accustom Māori to European ways, customs and language.","Ko tētahi wāhanga o tēnei tukanga he whakawai i te Māori ki ngā āhua, ngā ritenga me te reo Pākehā."
"Then it was ordered in the government's Maori language newspapers such as Te Karere Maori , Te Manuhiri Tuarangi and Maori Intelligencer to let the Europeans organize everything, because the Europeans have the knowledge and the ability.","Kātahi ka whakahautia ki roto ki ngā niupepa reo Māori a te kāwanatanga pērā i Te Karere Maori, Te Manuhiri Tuarangi me te Maori Intelligencer kia tukua ki te Pākehā ‘te whakarite i ngā mea katoa, nā te mea kei te Pākehā te mātauranga, te kaha, ngā rawa, me te metararahi, ā, ka whakapūmautia te Kawanatanga o tō whenua … whiua ki tahaki te taha Māori, whāia kētia ngā whakahaere a te Pākehā."
.,He nui te Māori i whai i te ia o ēnei tohutohu engari ka mau tonu te nuinga ki ngā āhuatanga o te ao Māori.
Those guns,Ngā taua mau pū
There have been times when the government has resorted to guns to protect itself from threats to its authority.,He wā kua tahuri te kāwanatanga ki te pū hei kaupare i ngā whakatumatuma ki tōna mana.
"In the years 1844 and 1845, Hone Heke Pōkai waved goodbye to the British flag pole at Kororāreka (also known as Russell).",I ngā tau o 1844 me 1845 ka poroporoa e Hōne Heke Pōkai te pou kara o Peretānia i Kororāreka (ko Russell).
"When the dust settled, Governor Pitiroi raised his troops to extinguish the fire of Heke and his allies.",Nō te tutūtanga o te puehu ka whakaara a Kāwana Pitiroi i ana taua ki te tinei i te ahi o Heke me ana hoa pakanga.
It was then that Governor Thomas Gore Browne established government power when he turned his nose to Māori land ownership in Waitara in Taranaki.,Nāwai ka whakaūngia e Kāwana Thomas Gore Browne te mana kāwanatanga i te tūnga o tōna ihu ki te mana whenua Māori ki Waitara i Taranaki.
This is where the war broke out again in 1860.,Nō konei ka pakaru anō mai te pakanga i te tau 1860.
"Due to the lack of interest of Governor Gray (George Grey) to have another authority in New Zealand, he plundered Waikato and the King in 1863.",Nā te kore hiahia o Kāwana Kerei (George Grey) ki tētahi mana whakahaere kē atu i Aotearoa ka pāhuatia e ia a Waikato me te Kīngitanga i te tau 1863.
"In 1881, the war was again used to destroy Parihaka's home in Taranaki.",I te tau 1881 ka whakamahia anō ngā taua hei wāwāhi i te kāinga o Parihaka ki Taranaki.
Those people protested peacefully under the influence of Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi.,He mautohe mārire tā ērā iwi ki raro i te awe o Te Whiti-o-Rongomai rāua ko Tohu Kākahi.
"When the leaders of Muriwhenua refused to pay the dog tax in the years from 1890, and Rua Kēnana and his followers refused to join the First World War, the government's forces intervened again.","I te whakakāhoretanga a ngā rangatira o Muriwhenua ki te utu tāke kurī i ngā tau mai i 1890, me te whakahē a Rua Kēnana me ana apataki kia māpere ki te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka urutomo anō ngā taua o te kāwanatanga."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Suppressing Māori resistance,Te tāmi i ngā ātete Māori
Land acquisition objections,Ngā whakahē hoko whenua
The first Parliament of New Zealand (year 1852) rose to sell Māori land for just a fraction.,Ka whakatika te Paremata tuatahi o Aotearoa (tau 1852) ki te hoko i ngā whenua Māori mō te kongakonga noa iho.
"By 1860 the chief land commissioner Gray had acquired most of the North; except in the North Island, land acquisition was more difficult due to the large number of Māori people.","Taka mai ki te tau 1860 kua riro i te kaikōmihana whenua matua o Kerei te nuinga o Te Waipounamu; haunga anō ki Te Ika-a-Māui, he uaua ake te hao whenua nā te nui o te iwi Māori."
Then tensions grew between tribes and spread across the island.,"Kātahi ka tipu ngā whakamau i waenganui i ngā iwi, ā, ka horapa i te motu."
This is where the Kingship came into being.,Nō konei ka hua ake te Kīngitanga.
Befriending the leaders,Te whakahoa ki ngā rangatira
Then the government turned to friendship with the leaders who were peaceful with the government.,Kātahi ka tahuri te kāwanatanga ki te whakahoahoa ki ngā rangatira noho mārire ki te kāwanatanga.
"In 1860, Governor Browne organized a meeting in Kohimarama, and 200 leaders attended.","I te tau 1860 ka whakatūria e Kāwana Browne te hui i Kohimarama, ā, e 200 ngā rangatira ka mene atu."
Its purpose was to oppose the King's agenda and to approve the government's land acquisition programs.,Ko tōna kaupapa he whakahē i te kaupapa o te Kīngitanga me te whakamana i ngā kaupapa hoko whenua a te kāwanatanga.
"When Gray returned to his position in 1861 he pursued his own strategy of creating a cabinet in the regions, and they would have the power to make laws for the communities alongside the local judges.","I te hokinga o Kerei ki tōna tūranga i te tau 1861 ka whāia e ia tāna ake rautaki kia hanga i ētahi rūnanga ki ngā rohe, ā, ka whai mana rātou i te taha o ngā kaiwhakawā ā-rohe ki te hanga ture ki ngā hapori."
.,Nō konei ka tāmōmōhia te tino rangatiratanga a te Māori mā te tuku i ētahi rangatiratanga ki raro tonu i te mana o te kāwanatanga.
The Māori Land Court,Te Kōti Whenua Māori
"As the European population increased, the government's goal of Māori land became stronger.",Nō te kakenga o te taupori Pākehā ka kaha ake te whāinga a te kāwanatanga i te whenua Māori.
"In order to speed up and facilitate sales, Māori land titles were introduced.","Hei whakatere, hei whakamāmā anō hoki i ngā hoko, ka whakatakitahitia ngā taitara whenua Māori."
"In other words, in 1865 the Māori Land Court was created.","Arā, i te tau 1865 ka hangaia te Kōti Whenua Māori."
This is his promise; 'shows the positive decision of the Colony and the increase in the life and living of the Māori people if their land interests were regulated and the meaning of the rule of Māori land was the same as that of the European law.,"Ko tōna oati tēnei; ‘ka whakaaturia te whakatau whakaaio o te Koroni me te piki o te ora me te noho tika a te iwi Māori mehemea i whakaritea ō rātou pānga whenua, ā, ka ōrite te tikanga o te rangatiratanga o te whenua Māori ki tō te ture Pākehā.’."
'.,Mai i te pito o te rautau 1800 ko te Kōti Whenua Māori te taero nui o te Māori.
From the end of the 1800s the Māori Land Court was the main source of Māori.,"Ki tā ētahi tumukōrero he pononga noa iho te kōti nō te kāwanatanga, ā, ka mahitahi ngā kaiwhakawā me ngā apataki Karauna ki te wewete i te mana whenua Māori."
"According to some commentators, the court is only a servant of the government, and the judges and Crown agents work together to free Māori land ownership.",He maha ngā pitihana a ngā iwi ki te Paremata mō ngā mahi a te Kōti Whenua Māori.
Māori representatives,Ngā māngai Māori
In 1867 four Māori seats were created under the Māori Representation Act.,I te tau 1867 ka hangaia ngā tūru Māori e whā ki raro i te ture Māori Representation Act.
This means that the seats are temporary.,Ko tōna tikanga he kaupapa rangitahi ngā tūru.
The purpose of seats is to attract the people to the government and extinguish the sovereignty of the rulers.,Ko te matū o ngā tūru he whakawai i ngā iwi ki te kāwanatanga me te tinei i ngā tino rangatiratanga o ngā rangatira.
"By placing only four Māori seats, Māori were unable to gain more power through re-election.","Nā te whakanoho kia whā noa iho ngā tūru Māori, kāore i taea e te Māori te whai mana ake mā te pōti hoki."
After 1876 (the time when the seats were set in stone) the government referred to Māori seats for its joint and Māori purposes.,Ka mutu whai muri i te tau 1876 (te wā i whakakōhatuhia ngā tūru) ka tohu atu te kāwanatanga ki ngā tūru Māori mō ōna kaupapa mahitahi me te Māori.
"However, Māori representatives in Parliament are few and they are used as puppets in government affairs against Māori.","Heoi ka raungaitihia ngā māngai Māori i rō Paremata, ā, ka whakamahia rātou hei karetao i ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga ki ngā Māori."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Government analysis,Te tītari kāwanatanga
Union and Monarchy,Kotahitanga me te Kīngitanga
"After New Zealand's land wars, land continued to be acquired, through conquest and other processes.","Whai muri i ngā pakanga whenua o Aotearoa ka riro tonu te whenua, nā te raupatu me ētahi atu tukanga."
"However, the desire for autonomy persists, and often in peace.","Heoi ka mau tonu ngā hiahia mana motuhake, ā, i te nuinga o te wā i roto anō i te mārie."
In the 1890's the Māori Parliament of Te Kotahitanga arose to unite the tribes under the authority of the Treaty of Waitangi.,I te tekau tau 1890 ka ara ake te Paremata Māori o Te Kotahitanga hei whakakotahi i ngā iwi ki raro i te mana o te Tiriti o Waitangi.
Te Kīngitanga immediately appeared after the land wars and they set foot in Ngāruawāhia.,"I puta tonu te ihu o Te Kīngitanga whai muri i ngā pakanga whenua, ā, ka tūrangawaewae rātou ki Ngāruawāhia."
Māori councils,Ngā kaunihera Māori
"In response to Māori sovereignty, land councils and Māori councils were created in 1900.",Hei urupare i te tino rangatiratanga Māori ka hangaia ngā kaunihera whenua me ngā kaunihera Māori i te tau 1900.
The purpose of the land councils was to moderate Māori objections to land acquisition by arranging land lease agreements.,"Ko te pūtake o ngā kaunihera whenua he whakawaimeha i ngā kaupapa whakahē hoko whenua a te Māori, mā te whakarite i ētahi whakaaetanga rīhi whenua."
The purpose of Māori councils is to manage health and social issues of the communities.,"Ko te kaupapa o ngā kaunihera Māori he whakahaere i ngā take hauora, whakahiato ora hoki o ngā hapori."
But these two councils are getting smarter.,Engari ka auare ake ēnei kaunihera e rua.
Integrating Māori,Te whakauru i te Māori
"With the large migration of Māori to the cities, housing and life development projects became more important to the Māori Department.","Nō te hekenga nui o te Māori ki ngā taone ka whai hiranga ake ngā kaupapa whare, whakahiato ora hoki ki te Tari Māori."
The administration of Māori wardens under the Māori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945 was also at the office.,I te tari hoki te whakahaere o ngā wātene Māori nō raro mai i te ture Māori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945.
"Since then, the interaction between Māori and Europeans has been very strong, and Māori wardens have limited powers to establish peace between the two tribes.","Nō konā kua tino kaha te pāhekoheko o te Māori me te Pākehā, ā, ka riro ki ngā wātene Māori ētahi mana iti hei whakatau i te noho mārire i waenganui i ngā iwi e rua."
"According to the recommendations of the Hunn Report, Māori should be integrated into the European world, and this was the basis for the government's Māori programs throughout the 1960s.","E ai ki ngā tūtohunga o te Pūrongo Hunn me whakakotahi mai te Māori ki roto i te ao Pākehā, ā, koinei te tūāpapa mō ngā kaupapa Māori a te kāwanatanga puta noa i te tekau tau 1960."
"The government created the Māori Council, and this is the completion of the government's desire to communicate with the Māori people as one people, rather than with many people.","Ka hangaia e te kāwanatanga te Kaunihera Māori, ā, ko te whakaotinga tēnei o te hiahia o te kāwanatanga kia whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te iwi Māori hei iwi kotahi, kaua ki ngā iwi maha."
Protests and street rights,Ngā mautohe me ngā tika tiriti
"In the 1970s, issues of identity and Māori grievances about past legal wrongs were raised.",I te tekau tau 1970 ka whakaarahia ngā kaupapa o te tuakiri me ngā nawe Māori mō ngā hapanga ture o mua.
In 1975 the Treaty of Waitangi Enforcement Committee was created to investigate violations of the Treaty of Waitangi.,I te tau 1975 ka waihangatia te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi hei whakatewhatewha i ngā whatinga ture o te Tiriti o Waitangi.
Many developments for Māori resulted from the views of the Rōpū Whakamana.,He maha ngā whanaketanga mō te Māori i hua ake i ngā tirohanga o te Rōpū Whakamana.
"In 1987 the Māori language was recognized, and Māori universities, Māori radio stations and Māori TV were established to promote the Māori language.","I te tau 1987 ka whakamanahia te reo Māori, ā, taro ake ka whakatūria ngā wānanga Māori, ngā reo irirangi Māori me Whakaata Māori hei manatoko i te reo Māori."
"In the view of the Authority, some civil disputes resulted in some funds and resources being released.","I ngā tirohanga a te Ropū Whakamana anō ka hua ake ētahi whakataunga kokoraho ā-iwi, i tukua mai ai ētahi pūtea me ētahi rawa."
Ambivalence,Te iwiruatanga
"Since the late 1980s, the government has promoted decentralization, and public services have become more responsive to the needs of the Māori community.","Mai i ngā tau whakamutunga o te tekau tau 1980 ka whakatairanga te kāwanatanga i te iwiruatanga, ā, ka whai kaha ake ngā ratonga tūmatanui ki ngā hiahia o te hapori Māori."
That is the position of some civil organizations as providers of life support to Māori communities and whānau.,Ko te tūnga tērā o ētahi whakahaerenga ā-iwi hei kaiwhakarato whakahiato ora ki ngā hapori me ngā whānau Māori.
"Well, the Whānau Ora program is a program designed to help Māori families benefit from the use of Māori providers.","Kāti, ko te kaupapa Whānau Ora tētahi hōtaka i hangaia kia whai oranga ngā whānau Māori i te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakarato Māori."
"According to the government's chief adviser on Māori affairs, Te Puni Kōkiri, his main focus is for Māori to succeed, but to remain Māori.","Ki tā te kaitohu matua o te kāwanatanga ki ngā take Māori, arā, ki tā Te Puni Kōkiri, ko tōna aronga matua kia angitu te Māori, engari, kia Māori tonu."
Challenges to the government,Ngā wero ki te kāwanatanga
There are many challenges to the government.,He maha tonu ngā wero ki te kāwanatanga.
In 2004 a law was passed that transferred the coast to the Crown.,I te tau 2004 ka whakamanahia te ture i riro ai te takutai moana ki te Karauna.
"More than 30,000 Māori and European supporters lined up at Whare Miere to challenge that law.","Neke atu i te 30,000 ngā Māori me ngā kaitautoko Pākehā i rangatū ki te Whare Miere hei wero i taua ture."
In 2011 that law was repealed under the new Coastal Act.,Nō te tau 2011 ka whakakorea taua ture i raro i te Ture Takutai Moana hou.
Because of this some arguments arise.,Nā konei ka ara ake anō ētahi tautohe.
"This is one of New Zealand's most famous political events, Te Kīngitanga.","Koia tēnei tētehi o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū tūroa o Aotearoa, ko Te Kīngitanga."
"Established in 1858, its purpose was to unite the Māori people under one ruler.","Nō te tau 1858 i tū ai, ko tōna kaupapa he whakakotahi i te iwi Māori i raro i te ariki kotahi."
Waikato is the center of Te Kingitanga.,Ko Waikato te pokapū o Te Kīngitanga.
"In the early years of the second Māori king, King Tāwhiao , in the 1860s, he was exhausted by the European invasion of Waikato.","I ngā tau tōmua o te wā i te kīngi Māori tuarua, Kīngi Tāwhiao, i te tekau tau o 1860, ka pau te kaha ki te takahanga o te riri a te Pākehā ki runga o Waikato."
"Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu will be forty years old on the sacred ahurewa, a tongarerewa, a maapihi maurae.","Ka whā tekau ngā tau o Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu i runga i te ahurewa tapu, he tongarerewa, he māpihi maurea."
No other King had a longer tenure on the Māori throne.,Kāore he nōhanga roa ake o tētehi atu o ngā Kīngi ki te torōna Māori.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Te Kīngitanga is one of New Zealand's most famous political events.,Ko Te Kīngitanga tētehi o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū tūroa o Aotearoa.
It was established in 1858 and is still going on in the 2000s.,"Nō te tau 1858 i tū ai, kei te haere tonu i ngā tau o te 2000."
Origins,Ngā Pūtaketanga
In the past there was no 'King' of all the Māori tribes.,I ngā wā o mua kāore he ‘Kingi’ o ngā iwi Māori katoa.
Each nation has its power and its leader.,"Kei tēnā iwi tōna mana, kei tēnā tōna rangatira."
"By the 1850s, the number of European settlers outnumbered the interest in Māori land.",Nō roto i ngā tau o te 1850 ka nui ake te tokomaha o te kainoho Pākehā i te hiahia ki te whenua Māori.
Māori lack political power and influence.,Kāore kau i te Māori te kaha me te mana tōrangapū.
Others want one nation under one King.,Kei ētehi te hiahia kia kotahi te iwi i raro i te Kīngi kotahi.
"In 1853, Mátene Te Whiwhi and Tamihana Te Rauparaha traveled around the North Island to find a leader to be King.","Nō te tau 1853 ka haerea ai e Mātene Te Whiwhi rāua ko Tāmihana Te Rauparaha te nuku o te whenua o Te Ika-a-Māui, ki te kimi i tētehi rangatira hei Kīngi."
But.,Ēngari.
Most of the leaders did not agree.,Kāore te nuinga o ngā rangatira i whakaae.
About 1858–1860,Pōtatau 1858–1860
"In 1856, in Pūkawa, on the shores of Taupō Moana, the ruler of Waikato, Pōtau The Red , was named king.","I te tau 1856, i Pūkawa, i te tahatika o Taupō Moana, ka whakaingoatia te ariki o Waikato, a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, hei kīngi."
"At first, he refused, but later on.","I te tīmatatanga, kāore ia i whakaae, ēngari nō muri mai."
In 1858 in Ngaruawahia he was anointed as the Māori King.,Nō te tau 1858 i Ngāruawāhia ka whakawahia ia hei Kīngi Māori.
Map 1860–1894,Tāwhiao 1860–1894
"Pōtatau died in 1860, and his son, Tāwhiao , was anointed as the Māori King.","Ka mate a Pōtatau i te tau 1860, ā, ko tāna tama, ko Tāwhiao, ka whakawahia hei Kīngi Māori."
In 1863 the wrath of the European government fell on Waikato.,I te tau 1863 ka taka te riri a te kawanatanga Pākehā ki runga o Waikato.
Waikato ran away.,Ka horo a Waikato.
"Their lands were confiscated, and Tawhiao and his people migrated into Te Nehenehenui.","Ko ō rātou whenua i murua, ka heke a Tāwhiao me tana iwi ki roto o Te Nehenehenui."
In 1881 they returned to Waikato.,Nō te tau 1881 ka hoki rātou ki Waikato.
Tawhiao was unable to return the confiscated lands.,Kīhai i taea e Tāwhiao te whakahoki i ngā whenua i murua.
In 1884 he went to London to seek support from Queen Victoria.,Nō te 1884 ka haere ia ki Rānana ki te rapu tautoko mai i a Kuīni Wikitōria.
"Tāwhiao Te Kauhanganui (the parliament of Te Kīngitanga) established it, and he also established the poukai (the annual visit to some of the marae of Te Kīngitanga).","Nā Tāwhiao Te Kauhanganui (te pāremata o Te Kīngitanga) i tū ai, nāna hoki ngā poukai i whakatū (te toro ia tau ki ētehi o ngā marae o Te Kīngitanga)."
August 1894–1912,Mahuta 1894–1912
"Mahuta ascended to the throne in 1890 after the death of his father, Tawhiao.","Ka eke a Mahuta ki te torōna i te tau 1890 i muri mai o te matenga o tana matua, o Tāwhiao."
In the 1890s Te Kīngitanga tried to go together with Te Kotahitanga (the Māori Parliament).,I te tekau tau o te 1890 ka whakamātau Te Kīngitanga ki te haere ngātahi me Te Kotahitanga (te Pāremata Māori).
"From 1903 to 1910, Mahuta was a member of the Legislative Council, organized by the Prime Minister, Richard Seddon.","Mai i te tau 1903 ki te tau 1910 ko Mahuta tētehi o te Kaunihera Ture, nā te Pirīmia, nā Richard Seddon i whakarite."
"Te Rata 1912-1933, and Te Puea","Te Rata 1912–1933, and Te Puea"
Mahuta died in 1912 and his son Te Rata was anointed as King.,"Ka mate a Mahuta i te tau 1912, ā, ko tāna tama ko Te Rata ka whakawahia hei Kīngi."
Te Rata is still sick.,He māuiui tonu a Te Rata.
In 1914 the three of them went to England.,Nō te tau 1914 ka haere rātou ko tētehi tokotoru ki Ingarangi.
"He met with King Hori V, but was told that land acquisition was a matter for the New Zealand Government to pursue.","Ka tūtaki rāua ko Kīngi Hōri V, ēngari ka kīia mai ko ngā raupatu whenua he take mā te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa hei whai."
"Te Rata's sister, Te Puea Herangi , was appointed as the leader of Te Kīngitanga.","Ka uru te karanga tuahine o Te Rata, a Te Puea Hērangi, hei kaiārahi o Te Kīngitanga."
"He did not allow Māori to participate in the First World War, but devoted his efforts to improving the economic base for the people, and established the Marae of Tūrangawaewae in Ngāruawāhia.","Kāore kau ia i whakaae kia uru te Māori ki roto o Te Pakanga Tuatahi, ka whakapau rā ōna kaha ki te whakatika i te tūāpapa ohaoha mō te iwi, me te whakatū i te Marae o Tūrangawaewae i Ngāruawāhia."
Summary 1933–1966,Korokī 1933–1966
"Despite the odds, Korokī was anointed king in 1933, after the death of his father, Te Rata.","Ahakoa te rangamāheuheu ka whakawahia a Korokī hei kīngi i te tau 1933, i muri mai o te matenga tōna matua, o Te Rata."
He welcomed many visitors to Tūrangawaewae including Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.,Ka manaakitia e ia ngā manuhiri tūārangi ki Tūrangawaewae tae atu ana ki a Kuīni Irihāpeti II i te tau 1953.
The Shadow 1966–2006,Te Atairangikaahu 1966–2006
"When Korokī died in 1966, his daughter, Piki, was anointed as Arikinui Te Ātairangikaahu , the first Māori queen.","Ka mate a Korokī i te tau 1966, ko tana tamāhine, ko Piki, ka whakawahia hei Arikinui Te Ātairangikaahu, te kuīni Māori tuatahi."
He was appointed as Kahurangi in 1970.,Ka tohua ia hei Kahurangi i te tau 1970.
One of his most important actions as the chief of his people was the signing of the Waikato-Tainui settlement with the Crown on the land confiscation issue in 1995.,Ko tētehi o āna tino mahi hei ariki o tana iwi ko te hainatanga o te whakataunga a Waikato-Tainui me Te Karauna o te take raupatu whenua i te tau 1995.
Te Ātairangikaahu died in August 2006.,Ka mate a Te Ātairangikaahu i te Ākuhata o te tau 2006.
No other King has held the Māori throne longer.,Kāore he nōhanga roa ake o tētehi atu o ngā Kīngi ki te torōna Māori.
Recorded 2006–,Tūheitia 2006–
"Te Atairangikahu's son, Tūheitia, was anointed king in 2006.","Ko te tama a Te Atairangikahu, ko Tūheitia, ka whakawahia hei kīngi i te tau 2006."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Origin,Te Pūtaketanga
"Te Kīngitanga is one of the most important Māori events from the time of European colonialism, and it is also one of the political events of New Zealand.","Ko Te Kīngitanga tētehi o ngā kaupapa Māori tūroa mai i te wā o te taipūwhenua Pākehā, ko ia hoki tētehi o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū o Aotearoa."
"Since the year 1858, it is still going on in the years 2000.","Mai o te tau 1858, kei te haere tonu i roto i ngā tau o te 2000."
"The king this year 2012, is King Tūheitia, the seventh of the arikinui since the beginning of Te Kīngitanga.","Ko te kīngi i tēnei tau 2012, ko Kīngi Tūheitia, te tuawhitu o ngā arikinui mai i te tīmatatanga o Te Kīngitanga."
The Thought of a King,Ko te Whakaaro ki tētehi Kīngi
Before the arrival of the Europeans there was no 'King' of all the Māori tribes.,I ngā wā o mua o te taenga mai o te Pākehā kāore he ‘Kingi’ o ngā iwi Māori katoa.
Each tribe has its power and its leader.,"Kei tēnā iwi tōna mana, kei tēnā tōna rangatira."
But each clan has its power and each clan has its leader.,"Engari kei tēnā hapū tōna mana, kei tēnā hapū tōna rangatira."
"However, in the 1850s, the number of European residents had increased, the Māori had been interrupted in politics, and the Crown's desire to sell Māori land became stronger.","Heoi anō, i te tekau tau 1850 kua nui kē ake te tokomaha o ngā kainoho Pākehā, kua haukotia te Māori ki roto o ngā tōrangapū, kua kaha atu te hiahia a Te Karauna ki te hoko i te whenua Māori."
"The Māori have been divided, some for the purchase of land, some not at all.","Kua wehea te Māori, ko ētehi mō te hoko whenua, ko ētehi e kore rawa."
Some Māori say that their King has the same power as that of Britain.,Ko tā ētehi Māori he rite te mana o tō rātou Kīngi kotahi ki tō Piritānia.
"It is a great idea from the people who visited England and saw the British projects, its industries, its police forces, military forces going.","He whakaaro nui nō roto o ngā tāngata i toro ki Ingarangi, i kite hoki i ngā kaupapa Piritānia, i ōna ahumahi, i ōna ope pirihimana, ope hōia e haere ana."
"It was Piri Kawau (Te Āti Awa), who met Queen Victoria in 1843, and Tāmihana Te Rauparaha (Ngāti Toa), who met her in 1852.","Ko Piri Kawau (Te Āti Awa) tērā, i tūtaki i a Kuīni Wikitōria i te tau 1843, ko Tāmihana Te Rauparaha (Ngāti Toa) tērā, i tūtaki i a ia i te tau 1852."
"Their belief was that the unity of the iwi under one king, with the same power as the Queen of England, the war between one tribe and another will end, the Māori people will keep Māori land, and the Māori government will remain to independent Māori power.","Ko tā rātou whakapono mā te kotahitanga o ngā iwi i raro i te kīngi kotahi, he ōrite te mana ki tō te Kuīni o Ingarangi, ka mutu ai te pakanga a tētehi iwi i tētehi, te pupuru a te iwi Māori i te whenua Māori, ā, ko te kāwanatanga o te Māori ka noho tonu ki te mana Māori motuhake."
"However, Kawau and Tamihana together, they will be kings.","Heoi tā Kawau rāua ko Tāmihana tahi, koia hei kīngi."
But Kawau told Queen Victoria that Pōtatau Te Xerowhero of Waikato was the most influential ruler of New Zealand.,Ēngari ko tā Kawau ki a Kuīni Wikitōria ko Pōtatau Te Wherowhero o Waikato te rangatira whaimana nui o Aotearoa.
"Te Rauparaha , the famous chief, said to his son Tamihana, lest Waikato forget that his people were driven from Kāwhia.","Ko tā Te Rauparaha, te rangatira rongonui, ki tāna tama ki a Tāmihana, kei wareware nā Waikato tōna iwi i pana i Kāwhia."
"Hīnana ki Uta, Hīnana ki Tai","Hīnana ki Uta,Hīnana ki Tai"
From 1853 Mātene Te Whiwhi of Ngāti Raukawa and Tamihana Te Rauparaha visited Te Motu to announce the idea to the Māori king for the Māori people.,"Mai i te tau 1853 ka haerea Te Motu e Mātene Te Whiwhi o Ngāti Raukawa rāua ko Tāmihana Te Rauparaha, ki te whakapāoho i te whakaaro ki te kīngi Māori mō te iwi Māori."
"Te Whiwhi invited the chiefs, going first to Topia Turoa , the chief of Whanganui.","Ka toroa e Te Whiwhi ngā ariki, e haere ana tuatahi ki Tōpia Tūroa, te ariki o Whanganui."
"Tūroa said, 'I don't agree.","Ko tā Tūroa, ‘Kāore au e whakaae."
My mountain is Matemate-a-onga.,Ko taku maunga ko Matemate-a-onga.
"My sea is Whanganui, and the food in it is delicious.'.","Ko tōku moana ko Whanganui, ko ngā kai o roto he toitoi he īnanga.’."
"Tūroa said he should pray to Iwikau Te Heuheu , the chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa of Taupō Moana to be king.","Ko tā Tūroa me inoi ki a Iwikau Te Heuheu, te ariki o Ngāti Tūwharetoa o Taupō Moana hei kīngi."
"Te Heuheu said, 'Tongariro is the mountain, Taupo is the sea, Te Heuheu is the man.","Ko tā Te Heuheu, ‘Ko Tongariro te maunga, ko Taupo te moana, ko Te Heuheu te tangata."
"It is in the middle of Te Motu, and streams flow from all sides.","Kei waenganui ia o Te Motu, ka rere mai ngā roma i ngā tahataha katoa."
"Look, the fish in those waters are carp, koura, and flounder.","Titiro, ko ngā ika o aua wai he kōkopu, he kōura, he kōaro."
"Te Heuheu said that Te Amohau of Te Arawa should be the king, and he refused to accept it, saying: 'My mountain is Ngongothaha, Rotorua is the sea, the fish in it are koura and kakahi.","Ko tā Te Heuheu, kia tū ko Te Amohau o Te Arawa hei kīngi, ā, me taua kore e whakaae anō, pēnei: ‘Ko tōku maunga ko Ngongotahā, ko Rotorua te moana, ko ngā ika o roto he kōura, he kākahi, he īnanga.’."
", a goal.'.","Ko tā Te Amohau ko Te Hāpuku o Ngāti Kahungunu hei kīngi, nāna ko Te Kani-a-Takirau o Ngāti Porou."
"Te Amohau had Te Hāpuku of Ngāti Kahungunu as king, and Te Kani-a-Takirau of Ngāti Porou as king.","na, ko tāna, ‘Tūturu nō ngā tātai ariki o ō tūpuna, ēngari kei tētehi taha ahau o Te Ika nei."
"so, he said, 'I'm sure it's from the lords of your ancestors, but I'm on the other side of the island.","Waihoki, ehara taku maunga a Hikurangi i te maunga neke atu tōna wāhi.'."
"These leaders are real leaders, it is clear that they are leaders of their own iwi, but also for the outside and raising the purpose of the king, that's why the word for others.","He rangatira tūturu ēnei rangatira, he mārama pai he rangatira nō ō rātou iwi ake, engari mō waho atu me te hiki hoki i te kaupapa o te kīngi, nā reira te kupu mō ētehi atu."
"Karauria of Ngāti Kahungunu, Tūpaea of ​​Ngāi Te Rangi, Paora Kīngi of Mataatua were invited, and then the project was returned to Te Heuheu.","Ko Karauria o Ngāti Kahungunu, ko Tūpaea o Ngāi Te Rangi, ko Pāora Kīngi o Mataatua i toroa, kātahi te kaupapa ka whakahokia ki a Te Heuheu."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
"Potatau The Red, 1858–1860","Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, 1858–1860"
"In 1856, Iwikau Te Heuheu of Tūwharetoa called an extraordinary meeting, called 'Hīnana ki uta, Hīnana ki tai (search by land, search by sea) at Pūkawa, on the shores of Taupō Ocean.","I te tau 1856 nā Iwikau Te Heuheu nō Tūwharetoa tētehi hui nui whakaharahara i karanga, ka kīia ai ko ‘Hīnana ki uta, Hīnana ki tai (he rapu mā te whenua, he rapu mā te moana) i Pūkawa, i te tahatika o Taupō Moana."
All the great tribes were there.,I reira katoa ngā iwi nui.
"Te Heuheu said there, the famous lord of Waikato, Potatau Te Redowhero , as king.","Ko tā Te Heuheu i reira, ko te ariki rongonui o Waikato, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, hei kīngi."
In 1841 Governor William Hopihana   reported to London that Potatau was the most powerful ruler in New Zealand.,Nō te tau 1841 ko tā Kāwana Wīremu Hopihana  rīpoata ki Rānana ko Pōtatau te rangatira mana nui o Aotearoa.
It was Mātene Te Whiwhi of Ngāti Raukawa who posed the question to experts about the lineage of Te Hūkiki Te Ahukaramū and Te Whīoi of Ngāti Raukawa.,Nā Mātene Te Whiwhi o Ngāti Raukawa te whiu o te pātai ki ngā tohunga mōhio ki te whakapapa ki a Te Hūkiki Te Ahukaramū rāua ko Te Whīoi o Ngāti Raukawa.
He and Potatau are the people.,Ko tā rāua ko Pōtatau te tangata.
His lineage has ties and ties to the great tribes.,"Kei tōna whakapapa he herenga, he hononga ki ngā iwi nui."
His Kingship was greatly supported by the rich and abundant Waikato lands.,Ko tōna Kīngitanga ka tautokona nuitia e ngā whenua mōmona me te nui o ngā rahinga o Waikato whairawa.
"That wealth of Pōtatau is important, so that his iwi can welcome his many guests.","He mea nui taua whairawa a Pōtatau, kia taea ai e tōna iwi te manaaki i te tini o āna manuwhiri."
Consenting to Royalty,Te Whakaae i te Kīngitanga
"Like most, Potatau refused to accept himself as king.","Pērā me te nuinga, mau tonu a Pōtatau ki te kore e whakaae ko ia hei kīngi."
"Many, many meetings were held to discuss the topic, until in 1857 a meeting called Te Puna o te Roimata, in Haurua, among Ngāti Maniapoto.","He nui, he maha ngā hui i tū hei whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro i te kaupapa, tae noa ki te tau 1857 ki tētehi hui ka kīia ai ko Te Puna o te Roimata, i Haurua, i waenga i a Ngāti Maniapoto."
"It was there that one of the leaders of Ngāti Maniapoto, Tanirau, supported Pōtatau as king.",I reira nā tētehi o ngā rangatira o Ngāti Maniapoto nā Tanirau te tautoko a tōna iwi i a Pōtatau hei kīngi.
"Pōtau said, 'E Tā, kua to te rā!', that is, he is old and will soon die.","Ko tā Pōtatau, ‘E Tā, kua tō te rā!’, arā, kua koroheketia, kua kore e roa ka mate."
"Tanirau said, 'When the sun sets in the evening, when it rises in the morning, you stand as King' (The sun sets in the evening, it rises again in the morning: you will be raised as King).","Ko tā Tanirau, ‘E tō ana i te ahiahi, e ara ana i te ata, e tū koe hei Kīngi’ (Ka tō te rā i te ahiahi, ka ara anō ia i te ata: ka whakaarahia koe hei Kīngi)."
"It was his idea that when Pōtatau died, his son Tawhiao would be the king's successor to take him down and down from his house.","Nāna te whakaaro, ka mate ana a Pōtatau, mā tana tama mā Tāwhiao te kaupapa o te kīngi hei kawe, heke iho, heke iho i tōna whare."
"Potatau said, 'That's fine'.","Ko tā Pōtatau, ‘E pai ana’."
"Because of this, he accepted that he would be king, and Waikato took over the role of guardian of the Kingship.","Nā reira ia i whakaae ko ia hei kīngi, ka riro mā Waikato te mahi hei kaitiaki o te Kīngitanga."
As King,Hei Kīngi
In 1858 Pōtatau was anointed as king in Ngāruawāhia.,Nō te tau 1858 ka whakawahia a Pōtatau hei kīngi i Ngāruawāhia.
"Iwikau Te Heuheu said: 'Pōtatau, today, I have chosen you as the King of the Maori people.","Ko tā Iwikau Te Heuheu: ‘Pōtatau, i tēnei rā, nāku koe i tohu hei Kīngi o te iwi Maori."
You and Queen Victoria are bound together.,Ko kōrua ko Kuīni Wikitōria ka paiheretia kia kotahi.
"Believing in Christ will be a blessing for you; the law will be a mat for your feet, forever and ever.","Ko te whakapono ki a Te Karaiti hei korowai manaaki i a koe; ko te ture hei whāriki mō ō waewae, ake, ake tonu atu.’."
"At another meeting in Rangiaowhia in 1858, Te Tāpihana of Ngāti Hikairo asked the people the right title for Pōtatau.","I tētehi atu hui i Rangiaowhia i te tau 1858, nā Te Tāpihana o Ngāti Hikairo te pātai ki te iwi ki te taitara tika mō Pōtatau."
"From the people there came the real Māori names, that is, ariki tauroa, toihau, kahutatara, and finally  Te Moananui o Hastaunga called them 'he kingi'.","Mai i te iwi i reira ka puta ko ngā ingoa Māori tūturu, arā, he ariki tauaroa, he toihau, he kahutātara, ka mutu nā Te Moananui o Heretaunga te karanga ‘he kīngi’."
All will be accepted by the people.,Ka whakaaea katoatia e te iwi.
"Later Pōtatau was anointed as king in Ngāruawāhia, William Tamihana Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa   (i.e. the 'kingmaker') carried out the ceremony of anointing with oil, and it was he who cast the Bible on the head of Correct.","Nō muri mai ka whakawahia a Pōtatau hei kīngi i Ngāruawāhia, nā Wiremu Tāmihana Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa  (arā, ko te ‘kingmaker’) te kawa o te whakawahinga ki te hinu i kawe, nāna hoki te Paipera i whakarewa ki runga o te pane o Pōtatau."
Accident,Ko Aituā
"During his short reign as king, Pōtau lived in Ngāruawāhia, where he established his great council, Te Rūnanga o Ngāruawāhia, to guide his kingship.","I tōna wā poto hei kīngi, ka noho a Pōtatau ki Ngāruawāhia, ki reira whakatū ai i tōna kaunihera nui, Te Rūnanga o Ngāruawāhia, hei ārahi i tōna kīngitanga."
He died around June 25 at his home in Ngaruawahia.,Ka mate ia tata ki te 25 o Hune ki tōna kāinga i Ngāruawāhia.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
"Map, 1860–1894","Tāwhiao, 1860–1894"
"After the death of King Pōtau, his son King Tawhiaohei was anointed on July 5, 1860 in Ngāruawāhia, by Wiremu Tamihana Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa, in the same Bible as the anointing of Pōtatau as king.","Nō te matenga o Kīngi Pōtatau ka whakawahia tāna tama a Tāwhiaohei kīngi i te 5 o Hūrae i te tau 1860 i Ngāruawāhia, e Wiremu Tāmihana Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa  Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa, ki taua Paipera anō i te whakawahinga o Pōtatau hei kīngi."
The Battle of Waikato,Te Pakanga ki Waikato
"In the early years of Tawhiao's reign, the biggest issue was war.",I ngā tau tōmua o te kīngitanga o Tāwhiao ko te take nui rawa atu ko te pakanga.
Governor Tāmati Kō Brown encouraged Tāwhiao to be neutral under Queen Victoria.,Ko tā Kāwana Tāmati Kō Paraone he akiaki i a Tāwhiao kia kūpapa ki raro i a Kuīni Wikitōria.
"After Kō Brown, Tā Hori Gray.","Nō muri i a Kō Paraone, ko Tā Hōri Kerei."
He also did not allow the kings of New Zealand to be two.,Kāore hoki ia i whakaae kia takirua ngā kīngi o Aotearoa.
"In one trip to Ngāruāwāhia, Gray famously said 'I will not fight him with a sword, but I will dig in his sides so that he can defeat himself.'. Gray wasted no time in this policy.","I tētehi haerenga ki Ngāruawāhia he rongonui te kupu a Kerei ‘Kāore au e whawhai i a ia ki te hoari, ēngari ka keri au ki ōna taha kia hinga ai a ia i a ia anō.’. Kīhai a Kerei i moumou taima ki tēnei kaupapa here."
He quickly ordered his army to cross the Mangatāwhiri River (the river Tāwhiao had designated as a barrier and boundary) and Waikato was invaded in July 1863.,"Ka tere whakahau i tana ope hōia kia whakawhitia te Awa o Mangatāwhiri (nā Tāwhiao te awa nei i tohu hei aukati, hei rohenga) ā, ka whakaarikingia a Waikato i te Hūrae o 1863."
"The war in Waikato followed, there were many disasters, and finally Waikato was destroyed.","Ka whai mai te pakanga i Waikato, he nui ngā parekura, ka mutu ka horo a Waikato."
"Tāwhiao and his followers, that is, the 'Kingites', were driven beyond the Awa o Puniu into Te Nehenehenui, along with their neighboring elements and Ngāti Maniapoto.","Ka panaia a Tāwhiao me ōna kaiwhai, arā, ngā ‘Kingites’ ki tua o te Awa o Pūniu ki roto o Te Nehenehenui, me ō rātou huānga tata me Ngāti Maniapoto."
Landscaping,Te Muru Whenua
"Tawhiao and his followers were declared rebels, and nearly 1.2 million acres (about 500,000 hectares) of their prime lands were confiscated.","Ka kīia a Tāwhiao me ōna kaiwhai he whakakeke, ā, ka murua tata ki te 1.2 million eka (ka 500,000 heketea pea) o ō rātou whenua makuru rawa atu."
The return of these lands became a very important issue for Tawhiao and the leaders of Waikato from that time.,Ka noho te whakahokinga mai o aua whenua nei hei take nui whakaharahara ki a Tāwhiao me ngā rangatira o Waikato mai i taua wā.
"Their motto is: 'We lost our land, we must return it'.","Ko tā rātou kupu korero nui: ‘I riro whenua atu, me hoki whenua mai’."
"Tawhiao and the leaders of Ngāti Maniapoto set up a barrier (boundary) by dividing the border at the Puniu River, and Europeans were not allowed to cross.","Ka takoto i a Tāwhiao me ngā rangatira o Ngāti Maniapoto te aukati (rohenga) mā te rohenga raupatu ki te Awa o Pūniu, kāore te Pākehā i whakaaetia kia whiti mai."
Later this area was called Te Rohe Potae.,Nō muri mai ka kīia te takiwā nei ko Te Rohe Pōtae.
The Chronicle,Te Maungārongo
"From Te Nehenehenui, Tawhiao declared that the war should end.","Mai i Te Nehenehenui, ko te whakapuakinga a Tāwhiao me mutu te pakanga."
"However, he also declared that land surveying, land sales, land courts, gold mines, telephone poles, schools, and European law should not be allowed.","Heoi anō rā, he whakapuakinga anō nāna kia kaua te rūri whenua, te hoko whenua, te kōti whenua, te maina koura, te pou waea, te kura, me te ture Pākehā."
"Because he does not believe in Europeans, Tawhiao believes that Māori and Europeans should live separately.","Nā te kore e whakapono ki te Pākehā, ko tā Tāwhiao me noho wehe te Māori me te Pākehā."
"However, in 1881, after years of negotiations with the government, Tawhiao and his followers laid down their weapons in front of the local judge in Arekahānara (Pirongia) and returned to Waikato.","Heoti rā, i te tau 1881, nō muri o ngā tau whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me te kāwanatanga, ka whakatakotoria e Tāwhiao me ōna kaiwhai ā rātou pū ki mua o te kaiwhakawā o te rohe ki Arekahānara (Pirongia), ā, ka hoki ki Waikato."
The Walk to England,Te Whīkoi ki Ingarangi
"Tawhiao kept his promise, to return the conquered lands of Waikato.","Ka mau tonu a Tāwhiao ki tāna, kia whakahokia mai ngā whenua raupatu o Waikato."
In 1884 he went to England with others to find Queen Victoria the prostitute.,Nō te tau 1884 ka haere ia ki Ingarangi me ētehi atu ōna ki te kimi mai a Kuīni Wikitōria te puretumu.
Rānana was shocked to see the tattoo on Tāwhiao's face.,Ka ohorere a Rānana i te kitenga i te moko o te kanohi o Tāwhiao.
But his entourage was not allowed to meet the queen.,Ēngari kīhai i tukua tōna tira kia tūtaki i te kuīni.
"According to the secretary of the Colonial Office, the confiscation issue is a matter for his country, for the government of New Zealand to pursue.","Ko tā te hekeretari o te Tari Koroniara ki a ia he take nō tōna whenua te take raupatu, mā te kāwanatanga o Aotearoa hei whai."
"On his return, Tawhiao established the poukai - an annual visit to certain marae, in the beginning of Waikato - for the poor, the orphans and the poor.","Nō tōna hokinga mai, ka whakatūria e Tāwhiao te poukai – he haerenga ā-tau ki ētehi marae, i te tīmatatanga o Waikato – mō te poaru, te pani me te rawakore."
"The first poukai was held in Whatiwhatihoe in 1885, and the project continues until the 2000s.","Ko te poukai tuatahi i tū ki Whatiwhatihoe i te tau 1885, nāwai rā, haere tonu ana te kaupapa nei tae noa mai ki tēnei rautau 2000."
"The posts include the raising and lowering of flags, a Pai Mārire prayer, welcome and funeral processions, a feast, and discussion of political, social, and spiritual issues in front of the crowd.","Kei ngā marae tata ki te 30 tēnei tikanga o te poukai, he mea haere e te arikinui."
of the king.,"Kei ngā poukai te whakahiki me te whakaheke i ngā kara, he karakia Pai Mārire, te pōwhiri me ngā kawe mate, he hākari, me te matapaki i ngā kaupapa ā-tōrangapū, ā-pāpori, ā-wairua hoki i mua i te aroaro o te kīngi."
"When the king or queen participates in listening to local issues, they must give the opportunity to the marae to show support for the King.","Ka whai wāhi atu te kīngi, te kuini rānei ki whakarongo ki ngā take ā-rohe me tuku i te wāhi ki te marae kia whakaatu i te tautoko mō te Kīngitanga."
Independent Māori Mana,Te Mana Māori Motuhake
Tāwhiao devoted his energies to the pursuit of independent Māori power.,Ka whakapau a Tāwhiao i ōna kaha ki te whai i te mana Māori motuhake .
"He established his Parliament, Te Kauhanganui in 1892.","Nāna tāna Pāremata, Te Kauhanganui i whakatū i te tau 1892."
"It has a council, 12 representatives of the tribes (the Twelve), and 'ministers'.","He kaunihera tōna, ka 12 ngā māngai o ngā iwi (ko te Tekau-mā-rua), me ngā ‘minita’."
"Tupu Taingākawa, the second son of William Tamihana (who held the position of his father at the time), was the Tumaki (ie the Prime Minister).","Ko Tupu Taingākawa, te tamaiti tuarua a Wiremu Tāmihana (nāna te tūranga o tōna pāpā i taua wā), te Tumuaki (arā, te Pirīmia)."
Tawhiao will receive a government pension.,Ka whakawhiwhia a Tāwhiao ki te penihana o te kāwanatanga.
"The people will be disturbed, it seems that this is a surrender of their independence, and the pension will be returned, as well as the internet.","Ka raruraru te iwi, te āhua nei he tuku tēnei i tōna mana motuhake, ka whakahokia te penihana, me te itarete hoki."
It's purple,He Tongikura
Tawhiao is famous for its many fertilizers.,He rongonui a Tāwhiao me āna tongi maha.
"For example, Tawhiao had a prophet about humble trees, not popular, because of the ongoing issue of land confiscation in Waikato, and the amount of damage:","Hei tauira, he poropiti nā Tāwhiao e pā ana ki ngā rākau whakaiti, kāore i te rongonui, mō te tārewa tonu o te take raupatu i ngā whenua o Waikato, me te nui o te pōhara:"
I will build my own house.,Māku anō e hanga tōku whare
Its frame is made of wood.,"Ko tōna tāhuhu, he hīnau."
Its poles are twin and potato.,"Ōna pou he māhoe, he patatē."
Tāwhiao Te Kīngitanga led from that time.,Nā ngā tongi a Tāwhiao Te Kīngitanga i ārahi mai i taua wā.
Accident,Ko Aituā
"King Tawhiao died on August 26, 1894 in Pārāwera.",Ka mate a Kīngi Tāwhiao i te 26 o Ākuhata i te tau 1894 i Pārāwera.
"He was buried on Mount Taupiri, the sacred burial ground of Waikato, where King Potatau was buried in 1903.","Ka tanumia ki runga o Taupiri Maunga, te urupā tapu o Waikato, i tanumia ai a Kīngi Pōtatau i te tau 1903."
"About 3,000 Māori from the four corners of the island attended Tāwhiao's funeral. .","Ka 3,000 pea te tokomaha o te Māori mai i ngā tōpito e whā o Te Motu i tae ake ki te tangihanga o Tāwhiao."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
"Mahuta, 1894–1912","Mahuta, 1894–1912"
"In the days leading up to Atui's death, Tawhiao made it clear who would succeed him as King:","I ngā rā o mua tata i tōna rironga i a Aituā, nā Tāwhiao ka mārama mai ai ko wai mō muri i a ia hei Kīngi:"
"When it's done, Uenuku comes out and Matariki comes out.","Papa te whaitiri, ka puta Uenuku, ka puta Matariki."
Mahuta is the king!,Ko Mahuta te kingi!
"The thunder crashes, Uenuku appears, Matariki appears.","The thunder crashes, Uenuku appears, Matariki appears."
Mahuta is the king!,Mahuta is the king!
"Tāwhiao's son, Mahuta , was anointed as the third Māori King by Tupu Taingākawa Te Waharoa , the successor of the King at that time.","Ka whakawahia te tama a Tāwhiao, a Mahuta, hei Kīngi Māori tuatoru e Tupu Taingākawa Te Waharoa, te kaiwhakawahi Kīngi o taua wā."
Politics,Ngā Tōrangapū
Mahuta is the capital of Te Kauhanganui and its hui.,"Ko Mahuta te pane o Te Kauhanganui, me ōna hui."
"In the 1890s he approached Te Kotahitanga (the Māori Parliament), however, it was not possible to unite.","I te rautau 1890 ka whakatata a ia ki Te Kotahitanga (te Pāremata Māori), ahakoa rā, tē taea te whakakotahi."
"At a meeting with Te Kotahitanga in 1895, Te Kīngitanga was asked to sign the treaty of Te Kotahitanga.",I tētehi hui me Te Kotahitanga i te tau 1895 ka tonoa Te Kīngitanga kia waitohutia te kawenata o Te Kotahitanga.
"However, Te Kīngitanga's covenant, later known as Mahuta's covenant, was signed by 5,000 people.","Engari, te kawenata o Te Kīngitanga, nō muri mai i kīia ai ko te kawenata a Mahuta, i waitohutia e te 5,000 tāngata."
"In 1898, the Member for the West, Hēnare Kaihau, brought the Māori Council Action Bill to Parliament, under the patronage of Mahuta; a path to Māori independence.","I te tau 1898 nā te Mema mō Te Taihauāuru, nā Hēnare Kaihau te Pire Whakakaupapa i Te Kaunihera Māori i kawe ki te Pāremata, i raro i te maru o Mahuta; he huarahi ki te mana Māori motuhake."
The bill is thrown out before the second reading.,Ka rukea te pire i mua i te pānuitanga tuarua.
The Legislative Council,Te Kaunihera Ture
Mahuta was always active in bringing Māori and Europeans together.,He kaha tonu a Mahuta ki te whakatata i te Māori me te Pākehā.
"In 1903, he found a way to direct the government by accepting Prime Minister Richard Seddon 's request to join the Legislative Council and the ministry.","I te tau 1903, ka kitea e ia tētehi huarahi ki te whakahau i te kāwanatanga mā te whakaae i te tono a Pirīmia Richard Seddon kia whai wāhi ia ki te Kaunihera Ture me te manatū."
Seddon said that the King would support him and that Māori land would be available to buy.,"Ko tā Seddon mā reira Te Kīngitanga e tautoko i a ia, ā, ka wātea te hoko i te whenua Māori."
"But in 1906, in one of his few speeches in Parliament, Mahuta said that he should not just sit back and clear Maori land for Europeans to live in.","Ēngari nō te tau 1906, i tētehi o āna whaikōrero ruarua noa ki roto o Pāremata, i kī a Mahuta kia kaua e noho noa iho ki te whakawātea i te whenua Maori hei nōhanga mā te Pākehā."
Parliament must clear a way for Māori to work on their land.'.,Me whakawātea e te Pāremata he huarahi e taea ai e te Māori te mahi i āna whenua.’.
"While he was in Parliament, Mahuta tipped his hat to his younger brother Te Wherowhero Tawhiao.",I a ia i roto o Te Pāremata ka tukua taupuatia e Mahuta tōna pōtae ki tana teina ki a Te Wherowhero Tāwhiao.
Finally in 1910 he returned and took back the hat and the position of King.,Ka mutu i te tau 1910 ka hoki ia ka mau anō ki te pōtae me te tūranga hei Kīngi.
Politician Apirana Ngata had these thoughts about Mahuta in 1900:,Nā te kaitōrangapu nā Apirana Ngata ēnei whakaaro mō Mahuta i te tau 1900:
"The King of Waikato (Mahuta) is a real person to that title, and rightly so, he will fulfill the expectations of the people of Te Kīngitanga.","Ko te Kīngi o Waikato (a Mahuta) he tangata tūturu ki taua taitara, ā, he tika, māna ngā tūmanako o ngā iwi o Te Kīngitanga e whakaea."
"It has real power, but it's still a powerful kit to think about.","He mana tūturu nōna, heoi anō he kaha tonu kit e whaiwhakaaro."
"I think he's smart, attentive to advice, well-spoken and creative; it may have been somewhat interrupted in accordance with the customs of his place in Waikato.","Ki a au he kakama, he aro nui ki te kupu tohutohu, he āta korero he whakahangahanga; tērā pea kua āhua haukotia ki tem au ki ngā tikanga o tōna wāhi o Waikato."
"For me, it is an effort to raise issues to advance the needs of his people, an attempt to use the right conditions of the European world to support that progress for the people.","Ki a au, he kaha ki te whakaara take hei whakaahu whakamua ngā hiahia o tōna iwi, he ngana ki te whakamahi i ngā tūāhuatanga tika o te ao Pākehā hei tautoko i taua whakaahu whakamua mo te iwi."
Accident,Ko Aituā
King Mahuta died on the 9th of November 1912.,Ka mate a Kīngi Mahuta i te 9 o Nōema i te tau 1912.
All the leaders of Te Motu gathered at the summit and discussed who would succeed Mahuta.,"Ka hui katoa mai ngā rangatira o Te Motu ki te uhunga, ka kōrerotia ko wai mō muri i a Mahuta."
The leaders identified his son as Te Rata .,Nā ngā rangatira i tohu ko tāna tama ko Te Rata.
He was anointed shortly before Mahuta was buried on Taupiri.,Ka whakawahia ia i mua tata tonu o te nehunga o Mahuta ki runga o Taupiri.
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
"Te Rata, 1912–1933, and Te Puea","Te Rata, 1912–1933, and Te Puea"
"There was a lot of hope for the new King, Te Rata , but the illness was too strong - mild rheumatism and shortness of breath.","Ka nui te tūmanako o te whakaaro mō te Kīngi hōu, mō Te Rata, engari i te kaha rawa te pā mai o te māuiui– te rūmātiki ātaraiti me te mate manawa."
Te Rata's main task is to investigate the customs of the iwi and whakapapa.,Ko tā Te Rata mahi nui he tirotiro  i ngā tikanga o te iwi me te whakapapa.
"During his time as King, Te Puea Herangi was a strong influence and great leader of Te Kīngitanga, due to his sister calling.","I roto i tōna wā hei Kīngi, nā tana karanga tuahine, nā Te Puea Hērangi te whakaawe kaha me te nui o ngā ārahitanga o Te Kīngitanga."
The Walk to England,Te Whīkoi ki Ingarangi
Over the years Te Rata's close friend Tupu Taingākawa Te Waharoa encouraged the Māori King to go to England to petition the British Crown.,Nō roto i ngā tau nā te hoa tata o Te Rata nā Tupu Taingākawa Te Waharoa te akiaki kia haere te Kīngi Māori ki Ingarangi ki te tuku petihana ki te Karauna o Piritānia.
"Despite the opposition of many Māori people, including the politician Apirana Ngata , in 1914 Te Rata and Taingākawa, and Mita Karaka and Hori Tiro Pāora went to London, just like said King Tawhiao about 30 years ago.","Hei ahakoa te whakahē a te nui o te iwi Māori, tae atu ana ki te kiatōrangapū a Apirana Ngata,  i te tau 1914 ko Te Rata rāua ko Taingākawa, me Mita Karaka rāua ko Hōri Tiro Pāora i haere ki Rānana, he pērā anō i tā Kīngi Tāwhiao e 30 tau pea i mua."
"When he arrived there, Te Rata wrote on the official documents for the visiting guests that he was doing 'the Māori King'.",Nō tana taenga ki reira i pēnei te tuhi a Te Rata ki ngā pepamana mo te hunga manuwhiri e toro ana ki reira ko tāna mahi ‘te Kīngi Māori’.
Taingākawa's text is 'settler'.,Ko tā Taingākawa tuhinga whakanehe: he ‘settler’.
"In London, Te Rata was honored by the British rulers and officials, despite his effects and illness, including the people who lived in New Zealand before.","I Rānana ka whakanuia a Te Rata e ngā arikitanga o Ingarangi, me ngā rangatira, ahakoa ōna pānga e te māuiui, tae atu ana ki ngā iwi i noho ki Aotearoa i mua."
"The meeting with King Hori V and his Queen Mere was finally allowed, but Te Rata, known by his secretary as HH Te Rata, was advised not to talk about the conquest.","Nāwai rā ka whakaaetia te tūtakitanga ki a Kīngi Hōri V me tana Kuīni Mere, ēngari ko te tohutohu i a Te Rata, e kīia ana e tana hekeretari ko H. H. Te Rata, kia kaua ia e korero mō te raupatu."
"Like Tawhiao before him, Te Rata is told by the New Zealand government to pursue these issues.","Pērā me Tāwhiao i mua i a ia, ko te kupu ki a Te Rata mā te kāwanatanga o Aotearoa aua take nei hei whai."
The First World War,Te Pakanganui Tuatahi
In London Te Rata witnessed the outbreak of the First World War.,I Rānana ka kitea e Te Rata te pahūtanga o te Pakanganui Tuatahi o Te Ao.
To his secretary's writings; 'The madness of the English is worse now'.,Ki ngā tuhinga a tana hēkeretari; ‘Kei te kino rawa atu inaianei te porangirangi o nga pakeha’.
"Arriving at home, Te Rata did not strongly support the activities for the war.",Te taenga ki te kāinga kāore i kaha te tautoko a Te Rata mā i ngā mahi mō te pakanganui nei.
"Waikato resisted the coup of 1917, and eventually some of Te Rata's elements were arrested.","Ka whakahē a Waikato ki te māperetanga o te tau 1917, ka mutu ka mauheretia ētehi o ngā huānga o Te Rata."
"According to the representatives of Waikato, in 1881 Tawhiao said that Waikato should stop using guns forever, that is to say: 'The war on this island is like a crowbar.","E ai ki ngā māngai o Waikato, i te tau 1881 i puta te kī a Tāwhiao, me mutu mō ake tonu atu te mau a Waikato ki te pū, arā: ‘Ko te pakanga i runga i tēnei motu, kua rite ki te koka harakeke."
flax The one who starts the war in the future will be the one who will be punished'.,"Ko te tangata whakaara pakanga ā muri ake nei, koia tonu hei utu’."
"The majority of Waikato did not want to fight for European land, their own land was never returned.","Kāore te nuinga o Waikato i hiahia ki te pakanga mō te whenua a te Pākehā, kīhai rawa ō rātou whenua ake i whakahokia mai."
Accident,Ko Aituā
"Te Rata died, with severe effects of rheumatism for the previous six years, at Wāhi Pā, Rāhuipōkeka on 1 October 1933.","Ka mate a Te Rata, me ngā pānga nui tonu o te rūmātiki i roto i ngā tau e ono o mua atu, i Wāhi Pā, Rāhuipōkeka i te 1 o Oketopa i te tau 1933."
"His illness lasted a week, Te Puea made arrangements for him.","Ka kotahi wiki te roa o tana uhunga, nā Te Puea ngā whakaritenga mōna."
"The leaders of Te Motu will also discuss who will be king, their choice is a descendant of the noble family, from the house of Pōtau.","Ka kōrerotia anō e ngā rangatira o Te Motu ko wai hei kīngi, ko tā rātou kōwhiringa anō, he uri nō te kāhui ariki, nō te whare o Pōtatau."
The Puea,Te Puea
Te Puea strongly opposed Waikato's involvement in the war effort.,He kaha a Te Puea ki te whakahē i te whai wāhi o Waikato ki ngā tautokotanga i ngā mahi mō te pakanganui.
Te Puea Herangi is called Te Rata's sister.,Ko Te Puea Hērangi te karanga tuahine o Te Rata.
He was also the main leader of Te Kingitanga at that time.,Ko ia hoki te tino kaiārahi o Te Kīngitanga o taua wā.
"As Taingākawa became less important, Te Puea became the representative of Te Rata.","Ka kore haere te nui o Taingākawa, ka tupu haere tō Te Puea hei māngai mō Te Rata."
"He will use his strength to restore the power of the King to Ngāruāwāhia as his center, thanks to Tāwhiao's words:","Ka whakapau ia i tōna kaha ki te whakaora i te mana o te Kīngitanga ki Ngāruawāhia hei pokapū mōna, nā te tongi a Tāwhiao:"
Arkehānara is my strong horn,Ko Arekahānara tōku haona kaha
Kemureti is my washing vessel,Ko Kemureti tōku oko horoi
Ngāruawāhia is my foothold.,Ko Ngāruawāhia tōku tūrangawaewae.
Alexandra [present-day Pirongia] will ever be a symbol of my strength of character,Alexandra [present-day Pirongia] will ever be a symbol of my strength of character
Cambridge a symbol of my wash bowl of sorrow,Cambridge a symbol of my wash bowl of sorrow
And Ngāruawāhia my footstool.,And Ngāruawāhia my footstool.
Making Money,Te Mahi Moni
"He has a talent for haka, Te Puea founded the team of Te Pou o Mangatāwhiri.","He pukenga ōna ki te mahi haka, nā Te Puea te kapa o Te Pou o Mangatāwhiri i whakatū."
"The team visited Te Motu to hold concerts to raise money for Tūrangawaewae Marae, and in 1929 they opened their main hall, Māhinaarangi.","Ka toro haeretia Te Motu e te kapa nei ki te whakatū kōnohete hei mahi moni mō Tūrangawaewae Marae, ā, nō te tau 1929 ka whakatuwheratia tōna whare nui, a Māhinaarangi."
"Until the 21st century, Tūrangawaewae Marae was still the center of Te Kīngitanga.",Tae noa mai ki te rautau 21 ko Tūrangawaewae Marae tonu te pokapū o Te Kīngitanga.
Agricultural Affairs and Civil Settlements,Ngā Take Ahuwhenua me ngā Nōhanga ā-iwi
"Day or night, that's Te Puea for Te Kingitanga.","Ao noa, pō noa, ko Te Puea tērā mō Te Kīngitanga."
"Motivated by his desire to improve his economic base, he was very interested in Āpiranga Ngata's policies to develop Māori land, through government loans.","Hihiko ai te ngākau ki te whakatika tūāpapa ōhanga mōna, he tino kaingākaunui ia ki ngā kaupapahere a Āpiranga Ngata ki te whakawhanake i te whenua Māori, mā te pūtea taurewa a te kāwanatanga."
"In the past, Te Kīngitanga's followers were a jovial and funny people; now there is a model for this government project.","I mua he iwi whakaioio, he iwi pukutohe ngā kaiwhai o Te Kīngitanga; ināianei he whakatauira mō tēnei kaupapa kāwanatanga."
Te Puea was also one of the leaders of the settlement area in the Waikato invasion in 1946.,Ko Te Puea anō tētehi o ngā tino kaiārahi o te wāhi whakataunga i ngā whakapae raupatu o Waikato i te tau 1946.
It was there that the establishment of Te Poari Māori of Tainui began.,I tīmata i reira te whakatūnga o Te Poari Māori o Tainui.
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
"Summary, 1933–1966","Korokī, 1933–1966"
The Distribution of Korokī,Te Whakawahinga o Korokī
Te Kīngitanga turned his hat to Te Rata 's eldest son Korokī .,Ka tahuri te pōtae o Te Kīngitanga ki te tamaiti kaumātua o Te Rata ki a Korokī.
It was difficult for him to accept.,He mea uaua ki a ia te whakaae.
"It is called Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Hwerowhero, the fifth Māori King.","Ka kīia ko Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, te Kīngi Māori tuarima."
"He was anointed on October 8, 1933.",Ka whakawahia i te 8 o Oketopa i te tau 1933.
"The influence of Te Puea Hērangi continued , and he betrothed Korokī to Te Ātairangikaahu, the daughter of his brother Wanakore Herangi.","Ka noho tonu te whakaawe o Te Puea Hērangi, nāna rā te taumau i a Korokī ki a Te Ātairangikaahu, te tamāhine a tōna tungāne a Wanakore Hērangi."
Formal Activities,Ngā Mahi Hui Ōkawa
On the young shoulders of Kīngi Korokī were the many formal meetings and public scrutiny of him.,"I runga i ngā pakihiwi taiohi nei o Kīngi Korokī te nui o ngā hui ōkawa, ko te tirotirohanga a te iwi whānui ki runga i a ia."
His first big meeting was in Waitangi in 1934 to celebrate the gift of the Governor-General Lord Bledisloe of what is known today as the 'Waitangi Treaty grounds'.,Ko tāna hui nui tuatahi i Waitangi i te tau 1934 hei whakanui i te koha a Te Kāwana-tiānara a Lord Bledisloe o ngā whenua e mōhiotia ana ki tēnei rā ko te ‘Waitangi Treaty grounds’.
"Korokī led many, many thousands of visitors to the top of those floors.","Nā Korokī te tini, te mano o te manuhiri i ārahi ki runga o aua papa."
"His first public speech was announced on 18 March 1938, at the opening of Tūrongo's house at Tūrangawaewae Marae, Ngāruawāhia.","Ko tāna whaikōrero tuatahi ki te iwi whānui i whakapāohotia i te 18 o Maehe i te tau 1938, i te whakatuwheratanga o te whare o Tūrongo i Tūrangawaewae Marae, i Ngāruawāhia."
"There he welcomed officers of the Second World War, as well as other distinguished guests, including a young Queen Elizabeth in 1953.","I reira ka manaakitia e ia ngā apiha o te Hoahoatanga i roto i te Pakanganui Tuarua, me ētehi atu manuhiri tūārangi, tae atu ana ki a Kuīni Irihāpeti taiohi i te tau 1953."
"It is said that he was there to order the iwi, just overnight, in their renovation of the marae.","E kīia ana, ko ia i reira ki te whakahau i te iwi, pō noa, i roto i ā rātou whakatikatikatanga o te marae."
"Queen Irihāpetia also paid for those blessings, the Chrysler in which she came to the marae, which she donated to the House of Lords.","He utu anō tā Kuīni Irihāpetia i aua manaakitanga, ko te Chrysler i tae mai ai ia ki te marae, nāna i tākoha mai ki te Whare Kāhui Ariki."
Korokī's are fun,He Āhuareka nā Korokī
"When Korokī visited poukai, funerals and other public gatherings, he was also seen working with his iwi in the fields, and with his skills in motor work, a repairing such vehicles.","I a Korokī e toro haere ana ki ngā poukai, ki ngā tangihanga me ētehi atu hui a te iwi, ka kitea hoki ia e mahi tahi ana me tana iwi i roto i ngā māra, ā, ki āna pukenga mō te mahi motukā, he whakatikatika i aua waka pērā."
He strongly supports the learning of adults to read and children to pursue education.,"He kaha hoki tāna tautoko i te ako a te hunga pakeke ki te pānui, a te hunga tamariki ki te whai i te mātauranga."
The Last Years of Korokī,Ngā Tau Whakamutunga o Korokī
"As Korokī grew old he was stricken with ill health, and he sent his wife, his advisor and scholar Pei Te Hurinui Jones , the sculptor of Tūrangawaewae, Piri Poutapu , as speaker for him.","Ka koroheke haere a Korokī ka pāngia kinongia ia e te māuiui, ā, ka tukuna e ia ko tana wahine, ko tana kaitohutohu, kaiwhai i te mātauranga hoki a Pei Te Hurinui Jones, ko te tohunga whakairo o Tūrangawaewae, a Piri Poutapu, hei kaikōrero mōna."
"Under the patronage of Te Puea, Korokī's daughter Piki will also play an important role in representing Te Kīngitanga.","I raro i te maru o Te Puea, ko te tamāhine a Korokī ko Piki ka whai wāhi nui hoki hei kanohi mō Te Kīngitanga."
King Korokī died in Ngaruawāhia on 18 May 1966.,Ka mate a Kīng Korokī i Ngāruawāhia i te 18 o Mei i te tau 1966.
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
"Te Atairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–","Te Ātairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–"
Tawhiao was a prophet,He poropiti nā Tāwhiao
"King Tawhiao was a prophet and a fertilizer, 'The time is coming, and from my own end, a woman, a urukehu, will come for him to fulfill this life.'.","He poropiti, he tongi anō nā Kīngi Tāwhiao , ‘Kei te haere mai te wā, ka puta mai i taku pito ake, he wahine, he urukehu, māna hei whakatutuki i tēnei oranga.’."
The Distribution,Te Whakawahinga
"Shortly before the burial of Korokī, young Piki was anointed as Queen Te Atairangikaahu.",Nō mua tata noa o te nehunga o Korokī ka whakawahia a Piki taiohi nei hei Kuini Te Atairangikaahu.
"She was the first woman to be the head of Te Kīngitanga, and she was the first Māori queen.","Ko ia rā te wahine tuatahi hei pane mō Te Kīngitanga, ko ia hoki te kuīni Māori tuatahi."
The prophet Tawhiao has passed away.,Kua ea te poropiti a Tāwhiao.
"He took his mother's name, Te Ātairangikaahu, and his iwi quickly became enamored with him for his ambition and his peace.","Ka mau i a ia te ingoa o tōna māmā, Te Ātairangikaahu, ā, ka tere kaingākaunui tana iwi ki a ia ki tana whai-whakaaronui, ki tana hūmārire."
"In Waikato they affectionately call her 'The Lady', and she bears the Māori title:","I roto i a Waikato ko tō rātou karangatanga ā-ngākau mōna ko ‘The Lady’, ā, ka mau i a ia te taitara Māori: Te Arikinui."
About the General Public and Awards,Mō te Iwi Whānui me ngā Tohu
"Te Ātairangikaahu used to go to public gatherings in the same way, and he also hosted dignitaries.","Ko taua āhua tonu o te haere a Te Ātairangikaahu ki ngā hui o te iwi whānui, nāna hoki ngā manuwhiri rangatira i manaaki."
In 1970 she was knighted as a 'Dame' and in 1973 she was appointed an Honorary Doctorate of the University of Waikato.,"I te tau 1970 ka whakahōnoretia ia hei kahurangi, hei ‘Dame’, ka tohua hoki ia ki te Kairangi Hōnore o Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato i te tau 1973."
She and Sir Edmund Hillary were the first to be named to the Order of New Zealand.,"Ko rāua ko Sir Edmund Hillary te tuatahi kia whakaingoatia ki te Order of New Zealand i te tau 1987, ā, nā Te Whare Wānanga o Wikitoria ia i tohu ki te kairangi hōnore o ngā ture i te tau 1999."
"Under the leadership of Te Ātairangikaahu and his benevolent brother Robert Te Kotahi Mahuta, the cause of the conquest was finally resolved.","I raro i te ārahinga o Te Ātairangikaahu rāua ko tana tungāne atawhai a Robert Te Kotahi Mahuta, ka whakataua rawatia te take o te raupatu."
"In 1995, Tainui-Waikato signed the settlement, and the Crown offered to pay the public, $170 million, until some lands were returned.","I te tau 1995 ka waitohutia e Tainui–Waikato te whakataunga, ko tā te Karauna he tuku utu ki te iwi, ka $170 million, taea noatia te whakahokinga o ētehi whenua."
Accident,Ko Aituā
"When Te Atairangikaahu died on August 15, 2006, there was no other king behind him for as long as he stayed on the throne, ie up to 40 years.","Nō te matenga o Te Atairangikaahu i te 15 o Ākuata i te tau 2006, kāore he kīngi o tua i a ia mō te roa o te noho ki te torōna, arā, ki te 40 ngā tau."
"When many, many people came to his funeral, it was evident how much power he had, how much the people loved him, Māori and European, including many leaders, the lords, the powers of the land.","Nō te taenga mai o te tini, o te mano ki tana tangihanga ka kitea te nui o tōna mana, te nui o te kaingākau o te iwi ki a ia, Māori mai, Pākehā mai, tae atu ana ki te tini o ngā rangatira, ngā ariki, ngā mana o rāwāhi."
King Tuheitia,Ko Kīngi Tūheitia
"At the funeral of Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, Tainui elder Tui Adams asked the following question three times: 'Would Tūheitia be King?' The people there answered three times, 'Yes!'. Kāti, ka whakawahia a Kīngi Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero VII hei Kīngi Māori tuawhitu.","I te tangihanga o Te Arikinui Dame Te Ātairangikaahu, ka toru ngā tukunga o te pātai nei e te kaumātua o Tainui e Tui Adams: ‘Ko Tūheitia hei Kingi?’ Ka toru ngā whakautu mai a ngā iwi i reira, ‘Ae!’. Kāti, ka whakawahia a Kīngi Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero VII hei Kīngi Māori tuawhitu."
"Ko Tūheitia te tama mātāmua a Te Atairangikaahu me tana tāne, a Whatumoana Paki.","Ko Tūheitia te tama mātāmua a Te Atairangikaahu me tana tāne, a Whatumoana Paki."
"Nā Anaru Tāmihana i whakawahi ki taua paipera tonu rā, nā tana tupuna nā Wiremu Tāmihana i uwhi ki runga ki te pane o Pōtatau i te tau 1859.","Nā Anaru Tāmihana i whakawahi ki taua paipera tonu rā, nā tana tupuna nā Wiremu Tāmihana i uwhi ki runga ki te pane o Pōtatau i te tau 1859."
"Kua kōrero tūmatanui a Tūheitia i ia tau mai i tana whakawahinga, engari kua whai wāhi atu hoki ki ngā hui hira me ngā mana ā-ao, i Aotearoa nei, i tāwāhi anō hoki.","Kua kōrero tūmatanui a Tūheitia i ia tau mai i tana whakawahinga, engari kua whai wāhi atu hoki ki ngā hui hira me ngā mana ā-ao, i Aotearoa nei, i tāwāhi anō hoki."
"I te tau 2009, ka haere tahi rāua ko te Pirimia o mua, a Helen Clark ina pōwhiritia ana ia ki te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao  i Niu Ioka hei kaiwhakahaere o te Hōtaka Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao.","I te tau 2009, ka haere tahi rāua ko te Pirimia o mua, a Helen Clark ina pōwhiritia ana ia ki te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao  i Niu Ioka hei kaiwhakahaere o te Hōtaka Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao."
I te tau 2019 he tūtakitanga tūmataiti tāna me Popa Francis ki te Vatican.,I te tau 2019 he tūtakitanga tūmataiti tāna me Popa Francis ki te Vatican.
Kua whai wāhi atu hoki ngā hui huhua puta noa i te motu.,Kua whai wāhi atu hoki ngā hui huhua puta noa i te motu.
Kua aro atu ia ki ngā whakatairanga e whai ana ki te whakaiti i ngā pāpātanga whare herehere o ngāi Māori me te tautoko i te whakahokinga atu ki ngā hapori o ngā mauhere o mua.,Kua aro atu ia ki ngā whakatairanga e whai ana ki te whakaiti i ngā pāpātanga whare herehere o ngāi Māori me te tautoko i te whakahokinga atu ki ngā hapori o ngā mauhere o mua.
"I te tau 2014, ka whakarauoratia e ia te kaunihera tohutohu, teTekau-mā-rua, kia haere tonu te kaupapa i whakatūria e Tāwhiao, engari ka whakauru mai i ngā kaumātua me ngā kaitohutohu i waho atu o Tainui mō te wā tuatahi.","I te tau 2014, ka whakarauoratia e ia te kaunihera tohutohu, teTekau-mā-rua, kia haere tonu te kaupapa i whakatūria e Tāwhiao, engari ka whakauru mai i ngā kaumātua me ngā kaitohutohu i waho atu o Tainui mō te wā tuatahi."
Ko Te Kīngitanga i ngā tau 2000,Ko Te Kīngitanga i ngā tau 2000
I ngā tau tōmua o te manotau 2000 he whare tūroa Te Kīngitanga.,I ngā tau tōmua o te manotau 2000 he whare tūroa Te Kīngitanga.
Ko ngā tikanga mauroa pērā me te poukai (he toronga ā-tau e te arikinui ki ngā marae) me te koroneihana (ngā whakanuitanga i te koroneihana) ka haere tonu.,Ko ngā tikanga mauroa pērā me te poukai (he toronga ā-tau e te arikinui ki ngā marae) me te koroneihana (ngā whakanuitanga i te koroneihana) ka haere tonu.
Ko Te Kauhanganui (te pāremata o Te Kīngitanga) i haere tonu ki tōna āhua hōu.,Ko Te Kauhanganui (te pāremata o Te Kīngitanga) i haere tonu ki tōna āhua hōu.
"I te tau 2018, i tū ngā whakanuitanga ki Tūrangawaewae hei tohu i te 160 tau o te Kīngitanga.","I te tau 2018, i tū ngā whakanuitanga ki Tūrangawaewae hei tohu i te 160 tau o te Kīngitanga."
"Ka tae atu te tini me te mano, tae atu ki ngā rangatia o ngā iwi me ngā kaihautū tōrangapū puta noa i te motu.","Ka tae atu te tini me te mano, tae atu ki ngā rangatia o ngā iwi me ngā kaihautū tōrangapū puta noa i te motu."
"Neke atu i te 1,000 ngā tāngata i whai wāhi atu ki ngā mahi haka, ngā whakataetae hākinakina, ā, neke atu i te 100 ngā waka i tere i runga i te awa o Waikato mō ngā whakanuinga.","Neke atu i te 1,000 ngā tāngata i whai wāhi atu ki ngā mahi haka, ngā whakataetae hākinakina, ā, neke atu i te 100 ngā waka i tere i runga i te awa o Waikato mō ngā whakanuinga."
The rat came to New Zealand on canoes brought by ancestors from the Pacific.,I tae mai te kiore ki Aotearoa mā runga i ngā waka hoea mai e ngā tūpuna i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
There is plenty of food for rats in this country.,Ka nui te kai mā te kiore ki te whenua hāhā nei.
Mice did not eat a lot of plants or animals.,"Kāore i ārikarika te kai a te kiore i te maha rawa atu o ngā tipu, o ngā kararehe."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
What is a mouse?,He aha ia te kiore?
Make the mouse small.,Hanga ririki te kiore.
"It has green fur, however, and a thin, teal belly.","He huruhuru pākākā, heoi, he kiwikiwi he tea te puku."
The mouse was brought by the canoes of the ancestors of the Māori people from the Pacific Ocean.,I kawea mai te kiore e ngā waka o ngā tūpuna o te iwi Māori mai i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"Accommodation, meals","Te wāhi noho, ngā kai"
During the day the mouse stays in its hole.,Hei te awatea ka noho te kiore ki roto i tōna rua.
"Late at night, they went out to dinner.","Pō rawa, ka puta ki te kai."
Foods include: tree fruits such as hinau; bird eggs and droppings; the block; the insect; even a lizard.,Ko ngā kai: he hua rākau pērā i te hīnau; ngā hua me ngā pīpī a te manu; te poraka; te ngārara; tae rawa atu ki te mokomoko.
The mouse in the Māori world,Te kiore i te ao Māori
It is said that Hinemataiti is the ancestor of mice.,E ai ki te kōrero ko Hinemataiti te tipuna o ngā kiore.
"His descendants, the kumaras, kidnapped the two kumaras.",Nāna ōna uri ngā kūmara i kāhaki i te rua kūmara.
"There are many places named after mice - one being Motukiore, an island in Te Hokianga.","He maha ngā wāhi i tapaina mō te kiore – ko Motukiore tērā, he moutere kei Te Hokianga."
Kiore is the name of a star cluster.,Ko Kiore te ingoa o tētahi kāhui whetū.
There is a type of carving called kiri-kiore.,He momo whakairo kīia ai ko kiri-kiore.
"To the Māori, mice are food, and they are carved and served at feasts.","Ki te Māori, he kai te kiore, ka huahuatia, ka horahia i ngā hākari."
Removal and recovery of the mouse,Te tango me te whakaora i te kiore
"According to Te Papa Atawhai, rats are nuisances and pests, and they feed on native plants and animals.","E ai ki Te Papa Atawhai he pōrearea, he riha te kiore, he kai nōna i ngā tipu me ngā kararehe māori."
The rats were swept off the islands and the tuatara inhabited them.,I tahia atu ngā kiore i ngā moutere ka nōhia e te tuatara.
"According to Ngāti Wai of Te Tokerau, they are the guardians of the mouse.","E ai ki a Ngāti Wai o Te Tai Tokerau, ko rātou ngā kaitiaki o te kiore."
They allege that Māori customs and traditions indicate that the rat is blessed.,Whakapae ai rātou kei te tohu ngā tikanga me ngā kōrero a te Māori kia manaakitia te kiore.
"Until today, there are only a few Māori rats, scattered in some old places and some remote islands.","Tae rawa ki ēnei rā, ruarua noa ngā kiore Māori, kua marara ki ētahi wāhi tawhito, ētahi moutere hāhā."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Arrival and residence in New Zealand,Te taenga me te noho ki Aotearoa
Movements of the mouse,Ngā nekeneke a te kiore
The rat (Rattus exulans) covers Asia and the Pacific .,Kapi ai a Āhia me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i te kiore (Rattus exulans).
It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and spread to the Pacific Ocean on the ships of early humans.,"Ko te whakapae, i ahu mai i te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, ka marara ki Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i runga i ngā waka o ngā tāngata tōmua."
"In the 12th century, the canoes of the ancestors of the Māori people landed in Aotearoa, one of the cargo being rats.","Nō te rau tau 1200 ka ū ngā waka o ngā tīpuna o te iwi Māori ki Aotearoa, ko te kiore tētahi o ngā utanga."
Shapes and types of names,Te āhua me ngā momo ingoa
"This type of mouse is small, only 11 to 13 cm long, with a short tail, and weighs 60 to 80 kg.","He iti tēnei momo kiore, 11 ki te 13 henemita noa iho te roa o te tinana, kāpā te whiore, ā, e 60 ki te 80 koma te taumaha."
The body is brown and the belly is white in color.,"He parauri te tinana, he kiwikiwi he mā te tae o te puku."
"The common name of this animal in New Zealand is the mouse, however, there are other names: maunga-rua, for the big mouse; flat, the plant is a living mouse; strong-armed, large rat; toko-loa, a rat; hāmua, a sign of disaster, was not eaten.","Ko te kiore te ingoa noa o tēnei kararehe ki Aotearoa nei, heoi, arā atu anō ngā ingoa: maunga-rua, mō te kiore rahi; tāpapa, he kiore ora te tipu; toro-kaha, he kiore nui; toko-roa, he kiore kiritea; hāmua, he tohu aituā, kīhai i kainga."
"Accommodations, meals","Ngā wāhi noho, ngā kai"
"During the day, the mouse stays in a hole or in a fallen tree.","Hei ngā awatea, ka noho te kiore ki roto i te rua, ki roto rānei i te rākau hinga."
At night they go out to eat.,Hei ngā pō puta ai ki te kai.
The mouse is caught in the winter.,Hei te takurua hopukina ai te kiore.
This is the time when mice are fattening up - especially dangerous in the summer.,Koinei te wā e mōmona ana te kiore – he tūpuhi rawa i te raumati.
"The mouse gets fatter and the color of the fur changes, which is a sign that food is running out and spring is approaching.","Ka mōmona haere te kiore, ka huri te tae o ngā huruhuru, he tohu ki te putu o te kai me te tata haere o te kōanga."
"Hīnau is a great food for mice, as the saying goes, 'Who eats hīnau, the mouse's food.' In addition to hinayu, they eat miro, tawa, tawai, karamū, taraile, kokohe, puriri, and potato.","He tino kai a te kiore te hīnau, inarā te whakataukī, ‘Mā wai e kai te hīnau, te kame a te kiore.’ I tua atu i te hīnau, kainga ai te miro, te tawa, te tawai, te karamū, te taraire, te kohekohe, te pūriri, te patatē."
The tawhara of the kikie is also very edible.,He tino kai hoki te tāwhara o te kiekie.
One practice is to tie the leaves of kikie above the tawhara so that the mice will not eat them before the process.,Ko tētahi mahi ko te here i ngā rau o te kiekie ki runga ake i te tāwhara kia kore ai e kainga e te kiore i mua i te mahinga.
"Rats also eat the eggs and droppings of birds, lizards, beetles, and insects.","Ka kai anō te kiore i ngā hua me ngā pīpī o ngā manu, ngā mokomoko, ngā poraka, ngā ngārara."
"Due to the activities of mice, some birds disappear at night.",Nā te mahi a te kiore ka ngaro ētahi manu ki te pō.
Depression,Te paheketanga
"In the 1700s, the Europeans arrived in New Zealand with Norwegian rats ( rattus norvegicus ).",Nō te rau tau atu i 1700 ka tae te Pākehā me ngā kiore o Nōwei (rattus norvegicus) ki Aotearoa.
"In the 18th century, ship rats ( Rattus rattus ) arrived .","I te rau tau 1800 ka tae ake ngā kiore noho kaipuke (ship rat, Rattus rattus)."
"Some of the Māori names for these mice are pou-o-Hawaiki, muritai.","Ko ētahi o ngā ingoa Māori mō ēnei kiore ko te pou-o-Hawaiki, ko muritai."
These kiore and mahui made the native kiore attack the feeding and living areas.,Nā ēnei kiore me te mauhi i tutetute te kiore māori i ngā wāhi kai me ngā wāhi noho.
"By the 1920s, the mouse was thought to have died out.","Taka rawa mai ki te tekau tau atu i 1920, ko te whakapae kua mate ā-moa te kiore."
"However, it is said that the mouse is still alive in Te Rua-o-te-moko (Fiordland), Rakiura, and other islands.","Heoi, e ai ki te kōrero kei te ora tonu te kiore ki Te Rua-o-te-moko (Fiordland), ki Rakiura, tae atu ki ētahi atu moutere hāhā."
Making a living,Te whai oranga
"According to Ngāti Wai of Te Tokerau, they are the guardian tribe of the mouse.","Ko te kōrero a Ngāti Wai o Te Tai Tokerau, ko rātou te iwi kaitiaki i te kiore."
"Ngāti Wai and many other Māori people believe that the mouse should be cared for, because of its important role in folklore and culture.","Whakapono ai a Ngāti Wai me te nui noa atu o te iwi Māori, me atawhai te kiore, nā tōna wāhi nui i roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā tikanga."
"Apart from this, the law has little help.","Hāunga tēnei, kāore he paku āwhina a te ture."
"Te Papa Atawhai has seen the damage done by mice to birds, lizards and insects.","Kua kite a Te Papa Atawhai i ngā tūkinotanga a te kiore ki ngā manu, ngā mokomoko, ngā ngārara."
"Because of this, all the rats on the islands under the control of the Crown have been killed.","Nā runga i tēnei, kua patua katoatia ngā kiore i ngā moutere kei raro i te mana o te Karauna."
"However, Te Papa Atawhai has started to pay attention to the opinions of the Māori people about the rat, and on that basis, talks with the people before killing them.","Heoi, kua tīmata a Te Papa Atawhai ki te aro ki ngā whakaaro o te iwi Māori mō te kiore, i runga i tēnā, ka whitiwhiti kōrero me ngā iwi i mua."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Information,Ngā kōrero
Astronomical calculation,Te tātai arorangi
The mouse has an effect on the kumara.,He pānga tō te kiore ki te kūmara.
"Rongo-māui, the star of the sky, stole his brother Whānui and took him to earth in his arms.","Nā Rongo-māui te kūmara o te rangi i tāhae i tōna tuakana a Whānui, ka mau ki te whenua i roto i ōna raho."
Rongo-māui married his wife Pani and became the king of the land.,"Ka moe a Rongo-māui i tana wahine a Pani, ka hua ko te kūmara o te whenua."
Pani cooks the kumara to remove the sacredness of the sky.,"E unuhia ai te tapu o te rangi, ka tunua e Pani te kūmara."
"However, when Pani gave birth in the kūmara, where Māui-tikitiki-a-Taranga was watching, he scolded the people for eating the woman's waste.","Heoi, i te whānautanga a Pani i te kūmara, i reira a Māui-tikitiki-a-Taranga e mātaki ana, ka whiua e ia te kōrero ki te iwi, kei te kai rātou i ngā para o te wahine rā."
"Because of shame, Pani and her youngest son Hinemataiti moved to Mataora.","Nā te whakamā, ka heke a Pani rāua ko tana pōtiki a Hinemataiti ki Mataora."
"Eventually, Hinemataiti became the ancestor of the mouse.","Nāwai ā, ka matika a Hinemataiti hei tipuna o te kiore."
"Like his father Rongo-maui, Hinemataiti snatched Pani's kumaras from the pits.","Pērā i tōna matua a Rongo-māui, kāhakina ai e Hinemataiti ngā kūmara a Pani mai i ngā rua."
"According to some tribes, Hinamoki is the father of the rat.","Ko te kōrero a ētahi iwi, ko Hinamoki te matua o te kiore."
Hinamoki is also the name of a type of mouse.,Ko hinamoki hoki te ingoa o tētahi momo kiore.
Information about vehicles,Ngā kōrero mō ngā waka
"When Aotea, H orouta and Māmari sailed to New Zealand , one of the cargo was rats.","I te hoenga o Aotea, o Horouta, o Māmari ki Aotearoa, he kiore tētahi o ngā utanga."
"There is the marae of Te Ohākī in Ahipara, the carvings in the window of the ancestral house tell about the mice of Ruanui, the owner of the waka of Māmari .","Tērā te marae o Te Ōhākī kei Ahipara, ka kōrero ngā whakairo i te matapihi o te tipuna whare mō ngā kiore a Ruanui, te rangatira o te waka a Māmari."
"On reaching the Hokianga River, Ruanui sent his pet rats to Motukiore.","Nō te ūnga ki te awa o Hokianga, ka tuku e Ruanui āna kiore mōkai ki Motukiore."
Naming,Te tapa ingoa
"The mouse remembers the names of people, big buildings, landmarks, plants, and even animals.","Maharatia ai te kiore i ngā ingoa o ngā tāngata, ngā whare nui, ngā tohu o te whenua, ngā tipu, tae atu ki ngā kararehe."
"Niho-o-te-kiore is a part of Motu-kiore, Hine-kiore is a girl's name, and tuatae-kiore is a type of plant.","He wāhi a Niho-o-te-kiore me Motu-kiore, he ingoa kōtiro a Hine-kiore, he momo tipu te tūtae-kiore."
"There is Kiore, a cluster of stars;","Tērā a Kiore, he kāhui whetū; tērā ngā momo tauira tā moko, whakairo, a kiri-kiore me pū-kiore."
Quote,Whakataukī
"The mouse is mentioned in sayings, songs, and hakas.","Whakahuatia ai te kiore ki ngā whakataukī, ngā waiata, ngā haka."
"There is a saying 'Ko tini o para kiore', about a place that is used by many people.","Tērā te kōrero ‘Ko tini o para kiore’, mo tētahi wāhi muia e te tini tangata."
"'Connect the link of the mouse,' Karetehe of Ngāi Tūhoe exhorts his heroes.","‘Honoa te hono a te kiore,’ te kupu whakahau a Karetehe o Ngāi Tūhoe ki āna toa."
"Likewise, his heroes know that they must follow each other, in order to destroy the enemy's army.","Waihoki, ka mōhio āna toa me whai rātou tētahi i tētahi, kia pakaru ai te taua o te hoariri."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Catching and eating rats,Te hopu me te kai kiore
Mouse restrictions,Ngā rāhui kiore
"For the Māori, the native rat is an important food.",Ki te Māori he kai nui te kiore māori.
This type of rat does not carry diseases like other rats.,Kāore tēnei momo kiore i kawe mate pērā i ētahi atu kiore.
"Each tribe reserves certain areas in the forest to keep the growth of mice alive, and when appropriate they are used as food.","Ka rāhui tēnā iwi me tēnā iwi i ētahi wāhi i te ngahere kia ora ai te tipu o te kiore, ā, hei ngā wā e tika ana ka mahia hei kai."
"These rat reserves belong to the hapu and the iwi, and no one else will be allowed to eat them.","Nō te hapū, nō te iwi ēnei rāhui kiore, kore rawa e tukua noatia tangata kē ki te whāwhā."
The natives must agree before they can enter the rat work reserve.,Me whakaae rā anō te tangata whenua kātahi anō ka āhei te rāwaho kia kuhu ki te rāhui mahi kiore ai.
Handling and care of rodents,Te mahi me te tiaki kiore
There is a method based on mouse operation.,He tikanga kei runga i te mahi kiore.
"Even if it is flat, even if it is a pole, poles and poles are placed along the mouse tracks in the forest.","Ahakoa papatahi, ahakoa poupou, ka whakatakotoria ngā tāwhiti me ngā pokipoki ki ngā ara kiore i te wao."
Dig a rat-tray for the rats to fall into and it will come out.,"Keria ai he paepae-kiore kia taka ai ngā kiore ki roto, tē puta."
"The rat is killed, the skin is removed, it is exposed to fire or air, and then it is painted with tar or rat oil.","Ka patua te kiore, ka hūtia te kiri, ka taona ki te ahi, ki te hāngī rānei, kātahi ka huahuatia ki te tahā, ki te hinu kiore tonu."
The mouse pad is the main dish to be placed in front of the guest.,Ko te huahua kiore te tino kai hei tāpae ki mua i te aroaro o te manuhiri tūārangi.
In winters food is stored in shelves and cupboards.,Hei ngā takurua ka puritia ngā kai ki roto i ngā whata me ngā pātaka.
"Shelves and boxes are placed on poles, so that the mice cannot get the food.","Ka tū ngā whata me ngā pātaka i runga pou, kia kore ai e taea e ngā kiore ngā kai."
Feasts and feasts,Ngā hākari me ngā kaihaukai
"Because of the importance of the mouse to the Māori, it became a commodity.","Nā te wāhi nui o te kiore ki te Māori, ka noho hei taonga tauhokohoko."
The tradition of kaihaukai is to spread the mouse drawings at the feasts between the tribes on the coast and the tribes inland.,"Ko te tikanga o te kaihaukai, ko te hora i ngā huahua kiore i ngā hākari i waenganui i ngā iwi ki tai me ngā iwi ki uta."
"In some cases, tribes compete and spread kaihauka to see who spread the biggest feast. The people have more power to spread a bigger and tastier feast before the guests;","Hei ētahi wā ka whakataetae ngā iwi, ka hora kaihaukai kia kitea ai nā wai te hākari nui rawa atu i hora."
"After all, that small tribe will die to give ideas, goods, food, etc. to the people who spread large, long-term grants.","Ka nui atu te mana o te iwi ki te hora he hākari nui rawa atu, reka rawa atu ki mua i te aroaro o te manuhiri; whāia, ka mate taua iwi iti ki te tuku whakaaro, taonga, kai, aha atu ki te iwi hora tahua nui, tahua roa."
"According to the stories, there is a huge festival called ng-tau-tuku-roa, which was held by Te Rehunga o Te Matau-a-Māui, in exchange for the kupu taunu.","E ai ki ngā kōrero, tērā tētahi hākari nui whakaharahara kiīa ai ko ngā-tau-tuku-roa, nā Te Rehunga o Te Matau-a-Māui i whakataka, hei utu mō te kupu taunu."
The leader spread out a sketch of a mouse.,Ka horahia he huahua kiore e te rangatira rā.
"Also, his friend Tama-i-waho thanked Te Rehunga and gave him a piece of land.","Waihoki, ka mihi tōna hoa tauwhāinga a Tama-i-waho ki a Te Rehunga, ka tukua he pito whenua mōna."
"To confirm what he had promised, Tama-i-waho placed a harvest mouse at the boundaries of the ceded land.","Hei whakapūmau i tāna i tāpae, ka whakanoho e Tama-i-waho he kiore huhuti ki ngā paenga o te whenua tuku."
"The place is called Takapau, because of the carpet on which Te Rehunga's feast was spread.","Ka tapaina te wāhi nei ko Takapau, mō te whāriki i horahia ai te hākari a Te Rehunga."
"In the early days the Māori were experts in using stones such as kara, lead, onewa, pounamu and lead to create nails, knives, and weapons.","I ngā rā namata he tohunga te Māori ki te whakamahi i te kōhatu pērā i te karā, te matā, te ōnewa, te pounamu me te matā tūhua ki te auaha whao, kahurangi, patu."
In their fishing activities the stone is also used.,I roto i ā rātou mahi hī ika whakamahia anō ai te kōhatu.
There is an abundance of stone and pottery throughout New Zealand.,He tino rawa ngā kōhatu me ngā taonga kōhutu puta noa i Aotearoa.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Nails,Ngā whao
"The nails are carved from stone, and the ax leaves are also stone and twisted into a wooden handle.","Ka whakairohia ngā whao i te kōhatu, ā, he kōhatu anō ngā rau o ngā toki ka whiria ki te kakau rākau."
Karala and other volcanic rocks are used to carve wood.,Ko te karā me ētahi atu toka puia mō te whakairo i te rākau.
Large rocks are split to make axes and carved with a hammer.,"Ka wāwāhia ngā toka nunui hei hanga toki, ā, ka whakairotia ki te kuru."
The sound will make the leaf sound.,Mā te hōanga hei orooro i te rau.
The hammer was used to sharpen many stones.,I whakamahia te hōanga ki te whakakoi i te kōhatu maha.
"Quartz nails are used for cutting, scraping, and creating a sharp, curved, curved, and smooth surface.","Ko ngā whao kiripaka hei tapahi, hei waruwaru, hei auaha i te matā tūhua, te whaiapu, te karā, te ōnewa."
Sharp stones are also used to drill holes for objects such as hooks.,Ka whakamahia anō ngā kōhatu koi ki te wero kōhao mō ngā taonga pēnei i te matau.
Blues and armor,Ngā kahurangi me ngā patu
The Māori used to make their clothes and accessories made of serpentine.,Whāoa mai ai e te Māori āna takatakai me āna taonga mā i te serpentine.
Strings are attached to the loops to form rings.,Ka whakamaua ngā aho ki ngā takatakai hei whakakai.
Items such as whalebone and file are carved.,Ka whakairotia ngā taonga rite ki te rei tohorā me ērā e rite ana ki te kōnae.
"Later, hei tiki and pohoi were made from the pounamu.",I muri mai ka hangaia ngā hei tiki me ngā pōhoi i te pounamu.
"Weapons are made of onewa, volcanic rock, pounamu.","Ka hangaia ngā patu i te ōnewa, te toka puia, te pounamu."
Fishing,Te hī
The stone is used as a fishing rod.,Mahia ai te kōhatu hei maimoa mō te hopu ika.
A bead is placed on the stone and then strung on a string to form a chain.,Ka whāoa he whakaawa ki te kōhatu kātahi ka whiria ki te aho hei māhē.
Big rocks are anchors and pebbles are net balls.,"Ko ngā toka nunui hei punga, ā, ko ngā kōhatu tāhoata hei pōito kupenga."
Gardening,Te mahi māra
Stones also mark garden boundaries.,Hei tohu anō ngā kōhatu mō ngā paenga māra.
Sand and gravel are dug up with the sand to retain heat and keep the sand warm for the plants.,"Ko te onepū me te kirikiri ka keria me te one kia pupuri i te mahana, kia noho mahana tonu te one mō i ngā tipu pārū."
Other uses,Ētahi atu whakamahinga
"The stone is used to beat fibers in weaving clothes, rugs, ropes, baskets, and nets.","Ko te kōhatu hei patu muka i te whiri kākahu, whāriki, taura, kete, kupenga hoki."
There is also a type of stone for cooking air and boiling water.,He momo kōhatu anō mō te tunu hāngī me te kōhua wai.
"These rocks are carefully collected, as some rocks explode.","He mea āta kohi ēnei toka, i te mea ka pahū ētahi toka."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Stone nails,Ngā whao kōhatu
"When the Māori arrived in New Zealand from Polynesia in the East in the years 1250 to 1300, they found a wide range of good stones for making nails, furniture, etc.","Nō te taenga o te Māori ki Aotearoa mai i Poronīhia ki te Rāwhiti i ngā tau 1250 ki 1300, ka kitea te whānui o ngā kōhatu pai mō te hanga whao, taonga, aha atu."
"They recognize stones such as onewa and whiaapu; however, they did not know about other stones, such as pounamu.","Ka mōhio rātou i ngā kōhatu pērā i te ōnewa me te whaiapu; heoi, kāore rātou i mōhio ki ētahi atu kōhatu, pērā i te pounamu."
"Perhaps within 50-100 years they will find great stones, and there will be places for stone creation.","Nō roto pea i te 50-100 tau ka kitea e rātou ngā kōhatu nui, ā, ka tū hoki ngā wāhi mō te auaha kōhatu."
By the 13th century Māori were trading pounamu and pounamu rocks in all corners of the island.,Taka rawa ki te rau tau 1300 e tauhokohoko ana te Māori i te pounamu me ngā toka pounamu ki ngā kokonga katoa o te motu.
Axes and nails,Ngā toki me ngā whao
The ax and the nail are important.,Ko te toki me te whao ka whai hiranga.
A stone leaf is attached to a tree as a handle.,He mea whītiki te rau kōhatu ki te rākau hei kakau.
These types of axes are for carving and carving.,Mō te whakairo me te tārei waka ēnei tūmomo toki.
The nail for carving.,Ko te whao mō te whakairo.
"Originally, the axes were similar to those found on the islands of the eastern Pacific.","I te tuatahi, he ōrite ngā toki ki ērā ka kitea ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki te rāwhiti."
The front axles have butts to make it easier to twist the handle up.,Kei ngā toki tōmua ngā reke kia pai ai te whiri i te kakau ki runga.
"Many were created from liquid or solid rock, such as:","Ko te tokomaha i auahatia i te ōnewa, i te toka mārō, pērā i te:"
adzite.,adzite.
This stone is so hard that Europeans sometimes call it baked argillite,"He tino mārō tēnei kōhatu, i ētahi wā karangatia ai e te Pākehā he baked argillite"
liquid.,ōnewa.
As time goes by the species of the ax becomes less and less.,Ka pahure te wā ka whāiti iho ngā momo o te toki.
"In the North Island, creativity is easier and the butt is smaller.","Ki Te Ika-a-Māui, ka māmā ake te auahatanga, ka paku iho te reke."
"Most of these axes were made of onewa, karā, pounamu, and bamboo.","Ko te nuinga o ēnei toki i mahia mai te ōnewa, te karā, te pounamu, te pakohe."
The bottle ax was heavily made at Te Wai Pounamu.,Ko te toki pounamu i kaha mahia ki Te Wai Pounamu.
"Adzite and pounamu are found only in Te Wai Pounamu, however, these types of axes are found throughout New Zealand.","Kitea ai te adzite me te pounamu ki Te Wai Pounamu anake, heoi, e kitea ana ngā momo toki nei puta noa i Aotearoa."
This is an indication of the extent to which these objects are used.,He tohu tēnei ki te whānui o te mahi tūopu i ēnei taonga.
Creative ax,Te auaha toki
Ax creation is always a professional activity.,He mahi tohunga tonu te auaha toki.
Rocks are broken by other rocks.,He mea wāwāhi ngā toka mā tētahi atu toka.
The stones are spared and crushed to pieces.,Ko ngā kōhatu ka tohungia ka paoa ki te kuru kia maramara.
Then the brushes were used again to smooth out the rough edges.,Kātahi kua whakamahia anō ngā kuru hei whakamāheni i ngā taratara.
This process is called 'pecking' or 'bruising'.,"E kīia nei tēnei mahi he ‘pecking’, he ‘bruising’ rānei."
"Especially, hammering the ax into the wet limestone – this is a long process.","Oti rawa ake, ko te orooro i te toki ki runga i te kōhatu hōanga mākū – he roa tonu tēnei mahi."
Bullet nails,Ngā whao matā
The most common tools used for cutting and scraping were the awls and awls.,Ko ngā whao i kaha whakamahia mō te tapahi me te waruwaru ko ngā matā tūhua me te whaiapu.
"Cast iron can only be found in the lower part of the North Island, and the main deposits are on the island of Tūhua.","E kitea ai te matā tūhua ki te taha whakararo o Te Ika-a-Māui anake, ā, kei te motu o Tūhua ngā putunga matua."
This type of ammunition was traded throughout New Zealand.,"I tauhokohokotia, tēnei momo matā puta noa i Aotearoa."
Cultivation was widely used on both islands;,I kaha whakamahia te whaiapu ki ngā motu e rua; Ōtākou ka auahatia te silcrete (he hōanga mārō) me te porcelanite.
Silcrete (hard concrete) and porcelanite are also invented.,E kitea nuitia ana te silcrete ki ngā wāhi whaiwhai moa.
Silcrete is commonly found in grouse hunting areas.,Arā atu anō ngā whao matā i auahatia mai te karā me te ōnewa.
There are also bulletproof nails that have been created from colored and silver.,Kei Taranaki ngā pākuru mō te paopao.
"In Taranaki, there are pakurus for the tapo.","E whakaarotia ana o mō te patupatu kēkeno, ēnei whao."
Vibrations and vibrations,Ngā wiri me ngā whaiuru
A drill is a drill to drill a hole in a tree or stone.,"Ko tā te wiri he wero kōhao ki te rākau, ki te kōhatu rānei."
"In the past, this was used to poke holes in fishing hooks.","I ngā wā o mua, ka whakamahia tēnei mō te wero kōhao ki ngā matau hī ika."
"These tools were created from various stones, such as spears, pointed arrows and ax-making stones.","I auahatia ēnei taputapu i ngā tūmomo kōhatu, ki te whaiapu, te matā tūhua me ngā kōhatu hanga toki."
"For a hook, a hole is drilled in the middle of a flat bone (usually a clavicle).","Mō te mahi matau, ka werohia he kōhao ki waenganui i tētahi kōiwi papatahi (he kōiwi moa i te nuinga o te wā)."
Then it was sounded in the morning.,Kātahi ka oroorotia ki te hōanga.
Sometimes it is applied to schist or wood that has been petrified.,"I ētahi wā ka whakamahia ki te schist, te rākau rānei kua kōhatungia."
Large boulders are used for tuning and sharpening stones.,"Ko ngā toka hōanga nunui ka whakamahia hei orooro, hei whakakoi kōhatu."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Blues and weapons,Ngā kahurangi me ngā patu
"The items brought back from Hawaii by the early sailors were necklaces, bracelets, and necklaces.","Ko ngā taonga i mauria mai e ngā kaiheke tōmua i Hawaiki he tautau, he tāhei me ētahi kahurangi."
"The Māori kept these items for many centuries, and finally, in the archaeological sites of the Māori ancestors, various items from that period are found that are similar to those from the Polynesian region to the East.","He maha ngā rautau ka mau haere tonu ngā taonga nei i te Māori, ka mutu, kei ngā wāhi whaipara o ngā tūpuna Māori e kitea ana ngā momo taonga o tērā wā e ōrite ana ki ērā nō te takiwā o Poronīhia ki te Rāwhiti."
"Due to the development of the creative spirit, other blue creations were produced, even those made from pounamu.","Nō te whanaketanga o te wairua auaha, ka hua ake ētahi atu auaha kahurangi, tae rawa ake ki ērā i mahia mai te pounamu."
Rolls and clusters,Ngā takatakai me ngā tautau
Many of the early Māori stone carvings are either stacked or clustered.,Ko te tokomaha o ngā kōhatu whakairo tōmua o te Māori he takatakai he tautau hoki.
It's just as creative to roll a tangiwai.,He rite tonu te auahai te takatakai i te tangiwai.
This brown and green stone is commonly found in the Whakatū region.,"E kitea nuitia ana tēnei kōhatu parauri, kākāriki hoki ki te rohe o Whakatū."
This stone is easy to carve.,He ngāwari tēnei kōhatu ki te whakairo.
"The scrolls were also attached to the neck, and these objects are being discovered at ancient archaeological sites on both islands.","I whakamaua anō ngā takatakai ki te kakī, ā, kei ngā wāhi whaipara tōmua ki ngā motu e rua e huraina ana ēnei taonga."
"Sometimes, some are seen next to the corpses.","He wā anō, kei te taha o ngā tūpāpaku ētahi e kitea ana."
Tangiwai also created clusters resembling whale ivory and other decorative items.,"I auahatia anō i te tangiwai ngā tautau ōrite ki te rei tohorā, me ētahi atu taonga whakanikoniko."
"There is a cluster of whale ivory from the South, more than 20 centimeters in length, and 2 kilos in weight.","Tērā tētahi tautau rei tohorā nō Murihiku, neke atu i te 20 henemita te roa, me te 2 koma mano te taumaha."
"However, most of these types of items are of low quality and are often worn around the neck.","Heoi, ko te nuinga o ēnei momo taonga he iti te hanga, ā, whakamaua ai ki te kakī."
There are also file-making rings worn on the chest.,Arā anō ngā whakakai hanga kōnae i mau ki te uma.
Such items are rare and can only be found at Te Wai Pounamu.,"Ruarua ngā taonga pēnei, ā, kitea anake ki Te Wai Pounamu."
Some have a kanjiwa carved into it.,Kua whakairotia he kāniwha ki ētahi.
On one is a carving of two fish.,Kei runga i tētahi e mau ana te whakairo o ngā ika e rua.
Bottle,Pounamu
"Pounamu items were carved later, probably after the year 1500.","Nō muri mai ka whakairotia ngā taonga pounamu, tērā pea nō muri i te tau 1500."
Important items from that time until the European period were the hei tiki and pohoi taringa.,"Ko ngā taonga whai hiranga i tērā wā ā tae rawa ki te wā o te Pākehā, ko te hei tiki me te pōhoi taringa."
Small bottle axes and nails are also made into clusters by punching a hole in one side to allow a rope to pass through.,Ka auahatia anō ngā toki pounamu iti me ngā whao hei tautau mā te wero i te kōhao ki tētahi taha kia uru atu ai he taura.
"In the 1600s and 1700s, Māori began to carve weapons from stone.",I ngā rau tau 1600 me 1700 ka kaha whakairotia e te Māori te patu mai i te kōhatu.
Onewa and tahaata and pounamu (mere pounamu) for making weapons.,Ko te ōnewa me te tāhoata me te pounamu (mere pounamu) mō te hanga patu.
"These items seem to be widely used in the north, and these are the types of items discovered at Oruarangi Village on the Hauraki Plain.","Ko te āhua a nei whakamahia nuitia ēnei taonga ki te raki, ā, koinei ngā tūmomo taonga i huraina ki te pā o Ōruarangi kei te mānia o Hauraki."
"Maybe the weapon for killing seals, killing moas at Te Wai Pounamu or the weapon for killing seals and moas.","Tērā pea ko te patu mō te patu kekeno, patu moa ki Te Wai Pounamu pea te patu mō te patu kēkeno, moa hoki."
Bottle cutting,Te tapahi pounamu
Pounamu carvings are made by cutting and polishing stone.,Ka hangaia ngā whakairo pounamu mā te tapahi me te orooro i te kōhatu.
"The mills used to cut the bottom of the bottle are granite, limestone, or schist stone.","Ko ngā mira hei tapahi i te papa pounamu he hōanga, he ōnewa, he kōhatu schist rānei."
"A saw cuts two deep grooves on each side of the rock, and then breaks it.","Mā te kani ka haea ngā awaawa hōhonu e rua ki ia taha o te toka, kātahi ka whatiia."
Quartz is what creates the stone.,Ko te kiripaka hei auaha i te kōhatu.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Other uses for the stone,Ētahi atu whakamahinga mō te kōhatu
Fishing,Te hī
"Fishing was important in the Māori world, and in some archaeological sites a variety of stone hooks and skulls have been discovered.","He nui te mahi hī ika ki te ao Māori, ā, kei ētahi wāhi whaipara tangata kua tūhuratia te huhua o ngā matau kōhatu me ngā angaanga."
Their bowls have bones or skulls added to them to make them easier to catch kahawai and manga.,"Ko ā rātou maimoa ka tāpirihia he kōiwi, he angaanga rānei ki runga kia pai ai te hopu kahawai me te mangā."
"These materials are made of limestone, schist, or limestone; however, some have been found made of limestone and tangiwai.","Auahatia ai ēnei taonga i te pakohe, te schist, te ōnewa rānei; heoi, kua kitea ētahi i hangaia mai i te pākohe me te tangiwai."
Their masks are stones that are lit and wrapped in string.,Ko ā rātou māhē he kōhatu ka whakaawatia ka tākai ki te aho.
Sometimes large stones were used as anchors and stones as net balls.,"He wā anō ka whakamahia ngā kōhatu nunui hei punga, ā, ko te tāhoata hei pōito kupenga."
Gardening,Te mahi māra
Māori use stone extensively in their gardening.,He whānui te whakamahi o te Māori i te kōhatu ki roto i ā rātou mahi māra.
They throw sand under their fields to compact the sand and to retain moisture and warmth - this is important for growing plants in New Zealand with its humid climate.,"Ka makaia atu e rātou ngā kirikiri ki raro i ā rātou māra kia pōkurukuru te one, hei pupuri hoki i te haukū me te mahana – he mahi nui tēnei mō te whakatō i ngā tipu pārū ki Aotearoa nei me tōna āhuarangi hātai."
This type of sand is called plaggen and is commonly found along the banks of the Waikato and Waipā rivers.,"E karangatia ana tēnei momo one, ko te plaggen, ā, e kitea nuitia ana ki ngā tahataha o ngā awa o Waikato me Waipā."
Here the sand is taken from the old river embankment and then buried in the ground 30 centimeters deep.,"I konei ka karia te kirikiri mai te parehua tawhito o te awa, kātahi ka purupurua ki roto i te whenua 30 henemita te hōhonu."
The onemata was plowed up and brought back to sit on top of it.,"Ko te onemata i karia, ka whakahokia kia noho heipū ki runga."
Stone lists,Ngā rārangi kōhatu
"Stones are also used as lines, 1-2 meters wide and more than ten meters long.","Whakamahia anōtia ai ngā kōhatu hei rārangi, 1-2 mita te whānui, ā neke atu i te tekau mita te roa."
There are many types of stone lines like this that are laid out.,He maha ngā momo rārangi kōhatu pēnei ka whakatakotohia.
"These fields are usually found along the stone paths, 1-2 meters wide.","He rite tonu te kitea o ēnei māra ki te taha o ngā ahunga kōhatu, 1-2 mita te whānui."
Some lines of stones mark where the garden perimeters are.,Ko ētahi rārangi kōhatu ka tohu kei hea ngā paenga māra.
Other stones were quarried from sugar cane deposits or riverbeds and deposited in small pits.,"He mea keri ētahi atu kōhatu mai i ngā putunga kō, i ngā papanga awa rānei, ka putu ki roto i ngā rua paku noa nei."
"This is similar to plaggen sands, meaning that the stones retain heat and the stones warm the sand above.","He ōrite tēnei ki ngā one plaggen, arā, ka pupuri ngā kōhatu i te mahana, ā, ka whakamahana hoki ngā kōhatu i te one i runga."
The lines themselves may be fields.,Ko ngā rārangi tonu pea he māra.
Other uses,Ētahi atu whakamahinga
Another important plant is flax.,Ko tētahi tipu nui ko te harakeke.
Flax is made by beating the fiber.,He mea patu te harakeke mā te patu muka.
These fiber weapons are created from natural or volcanic stone.,"Ka auahatia ēnei patu muka i te ōnewa, te kōhatu puia rānei."
There are also stones used for the fireplace and stove.,Arā anō ngā kōhatu ka taona mō te hāngī me te umu.
"There are also different types of stones used for making candles, as some stones explode when burned.","He tūmomo kōhatu anō mō te mahi hāngī, i te mea ka pahū ētahi kōhatu ina tāhuna."
The best stones are donated.,Ko ngā kōhatu pai ka kohaina.
"Volcanic stones are the most suitable materials, but onewa is also used.","Ko ngā kōhatu mai ngā puia ngā mea tika, heoi e whakamahia anōtia ai te ōnewa."
In North Tai the various stones are said to be 'the sounding stone of Ruarangi'.,"Kei te Tai Tokerau ka whakataukītia ngā tūmomo kōhatu, ‘te kōwhatu tangi kai o Ruarangi’."
These stones also serve as a source of water.,Ko ngā kōhatu nei hei koropupū anō i te wai.
The stones were set on fire and then stored in water bottles.,"He mea tahuna ngā kōhatu ki te ahi, kātahi ka purua ki roto i ngā ipu wai."
The kōkōwai is soaked in water.,Ka kōnatuhia te kōkōwai ki te autoru.
Kōkwai dust is rubbed on the skin and on the carvings.,"Ko te puehu kōkōwai ka miria ki te kiri, ki ngā whakairo hoki."
Kōkōwai is kept in plastic pots.,He mea pupuri te kōkōwai ki roto i ngā kōhua tāhoata.
The kōkwai is still painted on the carvings.,Kei te pania tonu te kōkōwai ki ngā whakairo.
"Cylinders are created from clay, volcanic stone, or wood.","Ka auahatia ngā pōtaka mai te ōnewa, te kōhatu puia, te rākau rānei."
The bottles are made of flax.,He mea kare ngā pōtaka mā te harakeke.
"Nguros have been found in the Oruarangi area of ​​the Hauraki area and have been made from ash, clay, and solid ash from the volcanoes.","Kua kitea ngā nguru ki te pā o Ōruarangi ki te pae o Hauraki kua mahia mai te hōanga, te hoata, me ngā pungarehu mārō mai ngā puia."
Māori are experts at watching and listening to the movements in their world.,He tohunga te Māori ki te titiro me te whakarongo ki ngā korikoringa i tōna ao.
"His language is full of examples, metaphors for the great part of nature - your eyes are like gray night.","Kei tōna reo tonu ngā tauira, ngā kupu whakarite mō te wāhi nui o te taiao – ō karu anō he hina pō."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
"Metaphors about the sky, the sea, and the earth","Ngā kupu whakarite mō te rangi, mō te moana, mō te whenua"
"The stars, the sea, and the earth have a very important place for Māori.","He wāhi tino nui tō ngā whetū, te moana, te whenua ki te Māori."
There is much to be said about the relationship between the clear whānau and the seasons.,He nui ngā kōrero mō te whanaungatanga i waenganui i te whānau mārama me ngā kaupeka o te tau.
Matariki appeared and harvested the food.,Ka puta a Matariki ka hauhake ngā kai.
The sea is a very important place for Māori for fishing and as a way to travel.,"He wāhi tino nui ki te Māori te moana hei mahinga ika, hei ara haere hoki."
"Similarly, the Māori have words for all aspects of the ocean.","Waihoki, he kupu ā te Māori mō ngā āhua katoa o te moana."
"For example, the calm waters of the east are called tai tamawahine, while the turbulent waters of the west are called tai tamatane.","Hei tauira, kīia ai ngā wai marino o te rāwhiti ko te tai tamawahine, whāia, kīia ai ngā wai pūkeri o te hauāuru, ko te tai tamatāne."
Land is very important to Māori.,He mea nui rawa atu ki te Māori te whenua.
"There is a saying, 'human blood is food; human life is land'.","Tērā te kōrero, ko ‘te toto o te tangata he kai; ko te oranga o te tangata he whenua’."
Human beauty,Ātaahuatanga o te tangata
"If a person's teeth were white, they would be compared to a tiger beetle or a long-tailed deer.","Mehemea he mā ngā niho o te tangata, ka whakaritea ki te pipi taiari, ki te pōhoi toroa rānei."
"The woman's eyes are compared to the fruit moon, her belly is compared to Kopū, and her body is compared to the moon.","Ko ngā kanohi o te wahine ka whakaritea ki te marama hua, ko tana pūrotu ka whakaritea ki a Kōpū ka roko marewa i te pae."
The best weaving is arranged in a spider's web.,Ka whakaritea ngā mahi raranga tino pai rawa atu ki te whare pūngāwerewere.
Human values,Ngā nui o te tangata
"Hard people are encouraged, and these people are called sea rocks.","He mea akiaki te tangata mārō, ā, ko ēnei tāngata ka kīia he toka tū moana."
Those who reach the heights despite the obstacles are compared to the few who reach the heights of success.,Ko te hunga ka eke ki ngā taumata ahakoa ngā pōrearea ka whakaritea ki te iti rearea e eke ana ki te kāuru o te kahikatea.
Human weaknesses,Ngā iti a te tangata
"The Māori life is a family, hapū, and iwi life, so people must participate in public events and activities.","He noho ā-whānau, ā-hapū, ā-iwi te noho a te Māori, nā reira me whai wāhi te tangata ki ngā kaupapa me ngā mahi a te iwi."
A lazy person is compared to a bird that leaves its egg for another bird to feed on.,Ka whakaritea te tangata māngere ki te koekoeā ka whakarere i tana hua mā tētahi atu manu hei whāngai.
People who have no reason to work are 'temporary mushrooms'.,"Kīia ai ngā tāngata kore take ki te mahi, he ‘harore rangitahi’."
"Matapiko people were not given much attention and were compared to kahawai, that is, people who eat horo.","Kāore i arongia nuitia te tangata matapiko, ka whakaritea ki te kahawai, arā, he kai horo."
This type of person is called a shark belly.,Kīia ai tēnei momo tangata he puku mangō.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Metaphors in nature,Ngā kupu whakarite i te taiao
The environment,Te taiao
"To this day, Māori use the natural environment as a model for human behavior.","Tatū ki ēnei rā, tīkina ai e te Māori ngā āhuatanga o te taiao hei tauira i ngā whanonga o te tangata."
"The clear whānau was analyzed for the right times to farm, fish, and cook.","I tātaria te whānau mārama mō ngā wā tika ki te ahuwhenua, ki te hī ika, ki te mahi kai."
"For example, Matariki occurs in the month of June, a symbol of the new year, when crops must be harvested.","Hei tauira, ka puta a Matariki i te marama o Pipiri, he tohu ki te tau hōu, me hauhake ngā kai."
"There is that saying, 'Matariki angungi nui'.","Tērā tērā kōrero, ‘Matariki ahunga nui’."
"For the Māori, the sea is an important place, for fishing and as a way.","Ki te Māori, he wāhi nui te moana, hei mahinga ika, hei ara."
"When it was found that the sea was calmer in the east of the North Island, it was called the tamawahine tide.","Nō te kitenga atu he marino atu te moana i te rāwhiti o Te Ika-a-Māui, ka kīia tērā ko te tai tamawahine."
"Because of the roughness of the western seas, it is called the golden tide.","Nā te pūkeri o ngā moana o te hauāuru, kīia ai tērā ko te tai tamatāne."
The sea's food on land is referred to as 'Hinemoana's chew'.,Ka whakahuatia te kaikai a te moana i te whenua ko ‘te ngaungau a Hinemoana’.
"It is a metaphor for the largest part of the earth to the Maori, 'The blood of a man is food; human life is a country'.","He kupu whakarite mō te wāhi tino nui rawa atu o te whenua ki te Maori, ‘Te toto o te tangata he kai; te oranga o te tangata he whenua’."
Groups of people,Ngā tōpūtanga tāngata
"Māori take examples from the environment to show how family, hapū, and iwi lives.","Ka tīkina e te Māori ngā tauira o te taiao hei whakaatu i te āhua o te noho ā-whānau, ā-hapū, ā-iwi."
"If the hall is telling people they say, 'Me he tumu kuku'.","Mehemea kei te kī te wharenui i te tangata ka kīia, ‘Me he tumu kuku’."
"There is a saying that prepares a lot of people to flood, 'He skill of water, skill of man'.","Arā te kōrero ka whakarite i te nui tangata ki te waipuke, ‘He pukenga wai, he pukenga tangata’."
"There is a saying about the biggest team, then, 'Tena te naoko na me peonpu sea'.","He whakataukī mō te tira nui rawa, inā, ‘Tēnā te ngaoko nā me te onepū moana’."
"The army that is running away is called, 'Like a pinggao in the west that flies on the sand'.","Kīia ai te ope e rere mōrehu ana, ‘Me he pīngao i te tuauru e rere ana i te one’."
"When a great leader is killed by the people, it is said, 'Let the kumara grow, and the caterpillar will eat it'.","Ki te muia tētahi rangatira nui e te iwi, ka kīia, ‘E tupu atu kūmara, e ohu e te anuhe’."
Beautiful,Ātaahua
"There is another Māori metaphor for beauty, taken from nature.","He kupu whakarite anō ā te Māori mō te ātaahua, ka tangohia i te taiao."
"If the smiling teeth are crooked, it is said to be 'slowly extended'.","Mēnā he pīata ngā niho menemene, ka kīia ‘me te pōhoi toroa tērā, pūaho ana’."
"If a woman has cannabis eyes, it is called Ōturu, that is, fruit moon.","Mēnā he karu kānapanapa ō te wahine, ka kīia ko Ōturu, arā, te marama hua."
"It's the same for a proto-woman, then, 'As if Kōpū is flying on the beach'.","He pērā anō mō te wahine pūrotu, inā, ‘Mehemea ko Kōpū e rere ana i te pae’."
"Weaving is a professional job, and it is often referred to as 'A spider's web'.","He mahi ngaio te raranga, whai anō ka kīia te kōrero mōna, ‘He whare pūngāwerewere’."
"There is a metaphor for a bald man, that is, 'A horo to a mountain, a heva to a single person'.","He kupu whakarite mō te tangata pākira, arā, ‘He horo ki tūparimaunga, he hewa ki te tangata kotahi’."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Human strengths and weaknesses,Ngā nui me ngā iti o te tangata
Good behavior,Ngā whanonga pai
People are advised to follow good examples in the environment.,Tohutohungia ai te tangata kia whai i ngā tauira pai i te taiao.
"A brave person is called 'manawa tītī', because that bird is a tītī that can fly in the great ocean for a long time.","Ka kīia te tangata māia he ‘manawa tītī,’ nā te mea ko tērā manu te tītī he manu ka āhei te rērere i te moana nui mō te wā roa."
"People are encouraged to be 'rocks in the sea', lest they be called 'rocks that are moved by the waves'.","Ka akiakina te tangata kia ‘toka tū moana’, kei kīia ia ‘te toka rurenga tai, neneke i te ngaru’."
"The watcher's eyes are aligned with the sun star Antares, which is called Kemokemo.","Ka whakaritea ngā karu o te tūtei ki te whetū rā a Rēhua (Antares), tē kemokemo."
A person with dark eyes is called 'a squinty eye'.,"Kīia ai te tangata karu tore, ‘he kanohi hōmiromiro’."
People are instructed to follow the example of the bird and the lizard and try to rise to the highest level of kahikatea.,Ka whakahaua te tangata kia whai i ngā tauira o te manu rāua ko te mokoroa ka ngana kia kake ki te tipuaki rawa o te kahikatea.
Another story says that 'A small disc will fly away from the fire of the kahikatea'.,Ko tētahi atu kōrero e kī ana ‘He iti te kōpara ka rērere i te puhi o te kahikatea’.
"There is also that saying, 'It was a little mokoroa who stopped the kahikatea'.","Arā anō tērā kōrero, ‘He iti te mokoroa nāna i kakati te kahikatea’."
Laziness,Māngere
"The Māori people live together, so everyone has to participate in activities that make everyone live.","He noho tahi te noho a te iwi Māori, nā runga i tērā me whai wāhi te katoa ki ngā mahi e ora ai te katoa."
"Māori work together in agriculture, fishing, cooking, poultry, etc.","Ka mahi tahi te Māori ki te ahuwhenua, te hī ika, te mahi kai, te mahi manu, aha atu."
That's why Māori hate lazy people.,Nā reira ka anuanu te Māori ki te tangata māngere.
"This type of person compares to the sunbird in the vacuum, because the sunbird abandons its egg in order to feed it.","Whakaritea ai tēnei momo tangata ki te manu rā ki te koekoeā, nā te mea ka whakarērea e te manu rā tana hua mā te tātaihore kē hei whāngai."
"If a person is punished with the question 'Where were you when you heard the sound of the pipwharauroa?', that is a threat to the person who is not seen at the time of planting, however, at the time of harvest it will appear.","Ki te whiua te tangata ki te pātai ‘I hea koe i te tangi o te pīpīwharauroa?’, he taunu tērā i te tangata tē kitea i te whakatōnga, heoi, i te hauhaketanga ka puta ake."
"Likewise, a person who works hard for a short period of time is called a 'temporary fungus'.","Waihoki, kīia ai te tangata ka whakapau kaha mō te wā poto ‘He harore rangitahi’."
"Due to the amount of work, the ancient Māori hated the long sleeper, who was compared to the totheka, at noon of the day when it blooms, when: 'The totheka still sleeps'.","Nā te nui o ngā mahi he whakarihariha ki te Māori onamata te tangata moe roa, ka whakaritea ki te tohetaka, hei te poupoutanga o te rā anō puāwai ai, inā: ‘E moe tonu ana te tohetaka’."
Runner,Kaihoro
"To the Māori, food is for everyone, so they hate people who steal.","Ki te Māori, mā te katoa te kai, nā reira he weriweri rātou ki te tangata kaihoro."
"A kaihoro person is called a 'waha kahawai' or 'puku taniwha', because of the size of his mouth when he eats.","Ko te tangata kaihoro ka kīia he ‘waha kahawai’, he ‘puku taniwha’ rānei, nā te nui o tōna waha i te huakitanga ki te kai."
"The saying, 'he kāka honihoni, kūkū tangai nui' is comparing the slow eating of a kākā to the horo eating of a kūkū.","Ko te kōrero, ‘he kākā honihoni, he kūkū tangai nui’ he whakataurite i te āta kai a te kākā ki te kai horo a te kūkū."
"In the past, Māori lived very close to their iwi.",I ngā wā o mua noho rawa ai te Māori ki ōna iwi.
But today's Kotahitanga groups were established to unite all the Māori tribes of the island.,"Engari ko ngā rōpū Kotahitanga o ēnei rā, he mea whakatū hei whakakotahi i ngā iwi Māori katoa o te motu."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Primary groups,Ngā rōpū tuatahi
In 1834 the leaders of North Tai chose the flag of Te Whakamininga.,I te tau 1834 ka kōwhiringia e ngā rangatira o te Tai Tokerau te haki o Te Whakaminenga.
The following year North Island leaders signed the Declaration of Independence.,I te tau o muri mai ka hainatia e ngā rangatira o Te Ika-a-Māui te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga.
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed which made Queen Victoria the head of state.,I te tau 1840 ka hainatia te Tiriti o Waitangi i whakataua ai ko Kuini Wikitōria te ūpoko o te motu.
"Due to the differences between Māori and Europeans, its meaning is still debated today.","Nā ngā rerekētanga o te taha Māori me te taha Pākehā, e taupatu tonutia ana tōna tikanga i ēnei rā."
Kingship,Kīngitanga
In 1858 the Māori king was chosen as the protector of the land.,I te tau 1858 ka whiria te kīngi Māori hei kaiwawao ake i te whenua.
"This resulted in Pōtau Te Wherowhero, Waikato's loose cloth.","Nāwai ka hua ko Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, kahu tātara o Waikato."
His power passed to his son Tawhiao.,Ko tōna mana ka tau ki tana tama ki a Tāwhiao.
"According to the government view, the King must be killed.",Ki tā te tirohanga kāwanatanga me patu te Kīngitanga.
It was the battle that caused King Tawhiao to enter the Potae Region of Maniapoto.,Ko te whawhaitanga tērā i taui ai a Kīngi Tāwhiao ki roto o te Rohe Pōtae o Maniapoto.
Government and unity,Te kāwanatanga me te kotahitanga
"In 1860 Governor Brown called a meeting in Kohimarama, Auckland.","I te tau 1860 ka karanga a Kāwana Paraone i te hui i Kohimarama, ki Tāmaki-makaurau."
Many leaders attended that meeting.,He maha ngā rangatira i tae ki taua hui.
In 1860 Governor Gray decided to establish Māori councils in each region.,I te tau 1860 ka matika ko Kāwana Kerei ka whakatū i ngā rūnanga Māori ki ia rohe.
This project did not come to fruition.,Kāore tēnei kaupapa i tutuki.
Churches,Ngā hāhi
It is also the resurrection of the churches to unite people with the churches.,Ko te aranga hoki tērā o ngā hāhi hei whakakotahi i te tangata ki ngā hāhi.
"That is Te Pai Mārire, built by Te Ua Haumene in the 1860s; that is Rātana, that is, the church established by Tahupōtiki Williamu Rātana.","Ko te Pai Mārire tērā, nā Te Ua Haumēne i hanga i te tekau tau 1860; ko Rātana hoki tērā, arā, te hāhi i whakaūngia e Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana."
Māori parliament,Ngā pāremata Māori
Some focused on politics and formed a Māori parliament:,"Ko ētahi ka aropū ki ngā mahi tōrangapū, ā, ka hangā ētahi pāremata Māori:"
Māori parliaments in Waitangi and Kohimarama in the 1870s and 1880s,"Ngā pāremata Māori i Waitangi me Kohimarama i ngā tekau tau 1870, 1880 hoki"
The Union Parliament was held between 1892 and 1902,Te Pāremata o Te Kotahitanga i tū ki waenganui i te tau 1892 me te tau 1902
"The parliament of the Kauhanganui a te Kingitanga, held from 1890 to 1920.","Ko te pāremata o te Kauhanganui a te Kīngitanga, i tū mai i te tau 1890 ki te tau 1920."
Coalition parties of the 1900s and 2000s,"Ngā rōpū Kotahitanga o ngā rautau 1900, 2000 hoki"
Māori War Operations were created to prepare troops for the Twenty-Eighth Army for World War II.,I hangaia Ngā Mahi Māori mō te Pakanga ki te whakatari hōia mā te Ope Hōia Rua Tekau Mā Waru mō te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.
The Māori Council is an organization set up by the government.,Ko te Kaunihera Māori tētahi whakahaerenga ka whakaritea e te kāwanatanga.
The Māori Women's Welfare Association was founded in 1951 to focus on social and political issues.,I whakatūria te Rōpū Wāhine Māori Toko i te Ora i te tau 1951 hei arotahi i ngā take pāpori me ngā kaupapa tōrangapū
Urban ministries that provide health and lifestyle services for Māori living in urban areas.,"Ngā manatū tāone e whakarato nei i ngā ratonga hauora, whakahiato ora hoki mō te hunga Māori e noho tāone ana."
"In the 1970s and 1980s, Māori groups emerged that were bitter about racism and remained committed to Māori.","I te tekau tau 1970 me 1980 ka wana ake ngā rōpū Māori i kirikawa ki te kaikiri, ā, i pūmau hoki ki te Māoritanga."
"That was Ngā Tamatoa, that was the Waitangi Working Group.","Ko Ngā Tamatoa tērā, ko te Rōpū Mahi o Waitangi tērā."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
"Early Union parties, 1834 to 1840","Ngā rōpū Kotahitanga tuatahi, 1834 ki te tau 1840"
"The purpose of Kotahitanga is to unite the Māori people, even those who have lost their ties to home.","Ko te tikanga o te Kotahitanga he whakakotahi i te iwi Māori, tae rawa ake ki ērā kua motu ō rātou taura here ki te kāinga."
"Solidarity groups are diverse; some are regional groups, some are national groups.","He kanorau ngā rōpū kotahitanga; he rōpū ā-rohe ētahi, he rōpū ā-motu ētahi."
"Some aim to unify iwi, while others aim to maintain iwi stability.","He whakakotahi i ngā iwi te kaupapa a ētahi, he whakaū i te pūmautanga iwi tā ētahi."
There are also those who supported integration into Māori institutions and did not care about ethnicity.,Arā hoki ērā i tautoko i te whakakotahitanga ki roto i ngā whakahaerenga Māori me te kore aro ki te iwitanga.
"Some come from faith, for example the spiritual side of the Māori people.","Ko ētahi ka pū mai i te whakapono, hei tauira i te taha wairua o te iwi Māori."
"There are also groups that have no ties to the government, and those that get money from the government.","Tērā anō ngā rōpū kāore he here ki te kāwanatanga, me ērā ka whai huruhuru mai i te kāwanatanga."
Flag of 1834,Te haki o te tau 1834
An early example of unity was the first flag of New Zealand.,Ko te tauira tōmua o te kotahitanga ko te kara tuatahi o Aotearoa.
Prior to 1840 ships captured in New Zealand were not allowed to fly the British flag.,I mua i te tau 1840 kāore i whakaaetia ngā waka i hahauhia ki Aotearoa kia whakarere i te haki o Peretānia.
"And the ship of Patuone and Taonui, the Sir George Murray , was detained for not carrying a flag.","Ā, ko te kaipuke o Patuone rāua ko Taonui, ko te Sir George Murray tērā, i puritia mō te kore mau kara."
"To overcome this problem, the British Resident James Busby encouraged North Tai leaders to fly the flag for New Zealand ships.","Hei whakaea i tēnei raru, ka whakarauikatia mai e te Kainoho Peretānia e James Busby ngā rangatira o te Tai Tokerau kia whiri rātou i te haki mō ngā kaipuke o Aotearoa."
"Well, on April 20, 1834, the flag of the People's Assembly was suspended, and 25 Northern leaders ratified it at Waitangi.","Kāti, i te 20 o Aperira i te tau 1834 ka whakatārewatia te kara o Te Whakaminenga o ngā Iwi, ā, ka whakamanaia e ngā rangatira 25 o te Tai Tokerau ki Waitangi."
Britain also recognized the Māori flag and registries.,Ka whakamanaia hoki e Peretānia te haki me ngā rēhita a ngā Māori.
The Declaration,Te Whakaputanga
The following year a national flag was chosen and Busby brought the North's leaders together at Waitangi.,"I te tau o muri mai ka kōwhiria te haki ā-motu, ā, ka whakahuia mai e Busby ngā rangatira o te Tai Tokerau ki Waitangi."
"Finally, on October 28, 1835, the Declaration of the Sovereignty of New Zealand was signed, which gave the kingdom the right to a sovereign state.","Ka mutu i te 28 o Oketopa i te tau 1835, ka tāmokohia Te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tirene, i whai mana ai te rangatiratanga ki te whenua rangatira."
"At first it was signed by the leaders of Te Hiku o Te Ika, and later Te Hwerowhero of Waikato and Te Hāpuku of Ngāti Kahungunu came to Heretaunga.","I te tuatahi ka waitohutia e ngā rangatira o Te Hiku o Te Ika, ā, taihoa ka kuhu haere mai ko Te Wherowhero o Waikato, me Te Hāpuku o Ngāti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga."
"They were supposed to meet every two years, but they never did.","Ko te tikanga ka hui i ia rua tau, engari kāore tonu rātou i hui."
"The Treaty of Waitangi, 1840","Te Tiriti o Waitangi, i te tau 1840"
The Treaty of Waitangi is the foundation of this country's laws.,Ko te Tiriti o Waitangi te tūāpapa o ngā ture o tēnei motu.
There was a dispute between Queen Victoria's Crown and Māori leaders.,Kāti he waikanaetanga i waenganui i te Karauna a Kuini Wikitōria me ngā rangatira Māori.
One reason for conducting the treaty was to choose the transfer of sovereignty based on the decision of the rulers of their independence in 1835.,Ko tētahi take mō te whakahaere i te tiriti he whiriwhiri i te whakawhitinga o te tino rangatiratanga i runga i te whakatau kē o ngā rangatira i tō rātou mana motuhake i te tau 1835.
"The treaty also refers to the earlier settlement, ie : 'The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs'.","Ka kōrero hoki te tiriti mō te whakataunga o mua ake, arā: ‘The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs’."
"According to the European part of the treaty, the treaty transferred sovereignty to Britain, but to the Māori part, it was given to the government.","E ai ki te wāhanga Pākehā o te tiriti, ka whakawhiti te tiriti i te tino rangatiratanga ki Peretānia, engari ki te wāhanga Māori, ka hoatu kē ko te kāwanatanga."
"In the European part, the Māori will keep their lands, but in the Māori part, they will keep the sovereignty.","I te wāhanga Pākehā hoki, ka pupuri tonu te Māori ki ō rātou whenua, engari i te wāhanga Māori, ka puritia tonutia e rātou ko te tino rangatiratanga."
"Also in the resolution of 1835, the meaning of the word rangatiratanga is 'independence'.","I roto hoki i te whakataunga o te tau 1835, ko te tikanga o te kupu rangatiratanga ko te ‘independence’."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Unionist parties in the 1860s,Ngā rōpū Kotahitanga i te tekau tau 1860
The King,Te Kīngitanga
"In the 1850s, Tamihana Te Rauparaha and Hēnare Mātene Te Whiwhi raised the elegance for the King.",Nō te tekau tau 1850 ka whakaarahia te huatau mō te Kīngitanga e Tāmihana Te Rauparaha rāua ko Hēnare Mātene Te Whiwhi.
Te Whiwhi also believed that only a King would defend Māori lands.,He whakapono hoki nō Te Whiwhi mā tētahi Kīngitanga rā anō e wawao i ngā whenua o te Māori.
The purpose was to unite the Māori people under the influence of a king.,Ko te pūtake he whakakotahi i te iwi Māori ki raro i te awe o tētahi kīngi.
"As a result, the Kīngitanga, an anti-land group (land league), was punished.",I te huanga ake ka whiua te heitara he rōpū aukati hoko whenua (land league) te Kīngitanga.
"A meeting was held to decide whether the leader of Waikato, Pōtau Te Wherowhero, would rise to the throne in Pūkawa in 1856.","I tū te hui whakatau kia kake te rangatira o Waikato, a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero ki te piki tūranga kīngi, i Pūkawa i te tau 1856."
The flagpole was erected and the ropes tied to the mountain by the tribes of Te Waipounamu and The North Island to that country.,"Ka whakatūria te pou haki,ā, ka titia ngā taura here maunga o ngā iwi o Te Waipounamu me Te Ika-a-Māui ki tērā whenua."
In 1858 King Potatau was assassinated.,I te tau 1858 ka pōtaea a Kīngi Pōtatau.
The King and the wars,Te Kīngitanga me ngā pakanga
"Pōtatau's reign was temporary - he died on June 25, 1860.",He rangitahi te kīngitanga a Pōtatau – ina rā ka mate i te 25 o Hune i te tau 1860.
He was succeeded by his son Tūkāroto.,Ko tōna piki tūranga ko tana tama ko Tūkāroto.
"Waikato was attacked by the government in 1863, when it was against the King.","Taro kau ake, ka whakaekea a Waikato e te kāwanatanga, i te tau 1863, i tōna wenerau ki te Kīngitanga."
"In August 1864, Tūkāroto took the name Tāwhiao e Te Ua Haumēne.",I te Ākuhata o 1864 ka tapā a Tūkāroto ki te ingoa Tāwhiao e Te Ua Haumēne.
"At the end of the conflict, the government confiscated 1.2 million acres (485,622 hectares), and Tawhiao moved beyond the restriction to the Ngāti Maniapoto's Cap Area.","Nō te mutunga o te riri ka murua e te kāwanatanga te 1.2 miriona eka (485,622 heketea), ā, ka taui a Tāwhiao ki tua atu i te aukati ki te Rohe Pōtae o Ngāti Maniapoto."
Later it was called 'King Country'.,Nō muri mai ka karangatia ko ‘King Country’.
It wasn't until 1881 that Tawhiao laid down his arms and promised that the war in the king's territory would be over.,Nō te tau 1881 rā anō ka hauraro a Tāwhiao i ōna patu me tōna kī taurangi ko te mutunga tērā o te pakanga i roto i te rohe o te kīngi.
"During the First World War, his grandson Te Puea Herangi repeated this story and Waikato men were not allowed to join the war.","I te wā o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka tuaruatia e tōna mokopuna e Te Puea Hērangi te kōrero nei, ā, kāore i whakaaetia ngā tāne o Waikato kia uru ki te pakanga."
"The Meeting at Kohimarama, 1860","Te Hui i Kohimarama, 1860"
"In June 1860, Governor Gore Browne established a cabinet at Kohimarama in Auckland to approve the government's war program in Taranaki.",I te marama o Hune i te tau 1860 ka whakatū a Kāwana Gore Browne i te rūnanga ki Kohimarama i Tāmaki-makaurau ki te whakamana i te kaupapa pakanga o te kāwanatanga ki roto o Taranaki.
Many leaders from all over attended and the Taranaki iwi and the King were opposed.,"He maha ngā rangatira puta noa i tae atu, ā, ka whakahētia ngā iwi o Taranaki me te Kīngitanga."
"Finally, these are the people who sent themselves to the King to meet in Pūkawa.",Ka mutu koinei hoki ngā iwi i tuku i a rātou ki te Kīngitanga ki te hui i Pūkawa.
This cabinet fell to the mobiles of the government.,I taka mai tēnei rūnanga ki ngā pūkoro o te kāwanatanga.
The meeting was then scheduled for the 1835 Declaration on the annual meeting of the cabinet.,Kātahi ka whakaritea te hui ki te Whakaputanga o te tau 1835 i runga i te hui ā-tau o te rūnanga.
This meeting is known as the Kohimarama Treaty or the Kohimarama Treaty.,"Ka mōhiotia tēnei hui ko Te Tiriti o Kohimarama, ko Te Kawenata o Kohimarama rānei."
Gray Māori Councils,Ngā Kaunihera Māori a Kerei
Browne was followed by Governor Gray and his new cabinet (Māori councils).,Whai muri i a Browne ko Kāwana Kerei me tana kaupapa rūnanga hou (ngā kaunihera Māori).
Māori regions are divided into hundreds ('hundreds' - this is the word in England for parts of a region).,Ka wehea ngā rohe Māori kia noho he whakarautanga (‘hundreds’ – koinei te kupu i Ingarangi mō ngā wāhanga o tētahi rohe).
This means that the law commissioners work closely with the leaders; Judges must cooperate with wardens and Māori ambassadors.,"Ko tōna tikanga ka mahitahi ngā kaikōmihana ture ki ngā rangatira; waihoki me mahitahi ngā kaiwhakawā ki ngā wātene, karere Māori hoki."
"However, due to the complexity of this arrangement and land wars it was not revealed.",Heoi nā te uaua o tēnei whakaritenga me ngā pakanga whenua kāore i whakakitea.
The Haumene Rain,Te Ua Haumēne
There are many solidarity groups outside the political world.,He maha ngā rōpū kotahitanga i tua atu i te ao tōrangapū.
Those are the promises of the Māori prophets and the call to unite the Māori people.,Ko ngā kupu taurangi ērā a te hunga poropiti Māori me te karanga whakakotahi i te iwi Māori.
Te Ua Haumene is the Pai Mārire faith.,Nā Te Ua Haumēne ko te whakapono Pai Mārire.
"His people were called Hauhau, and many followers spread his Gospel to all parts of the North Island.","Ka karangatia ōna iwi he Hauhau, ā, he tini ngā apataki i kuramahora i tōna Rongopai ki ngā whaitua katoa o Te Ika-a-Māui."
"His teachings were the inspiration of the leaders of unity such as King Tawhiao and Te Kōti (the founder of the Ringatū Church), Te Whiti and Tohu.","Ko ōna akoako te maruwehi o ngā kaiārahi i te kotahitanga pēnā i a Kīngi Tāwhiao rāua ko Te Kōti (te kaiwhakaū i te Hāhi Ringatū), i a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu hoki."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
"Parliamentary parties, 1870 to 1900","Ngā rōpū pāremata, 1870 ki te tau 1900"
Opposition parties,Ngā rangapū whakahē
Groups opposed to land acquisition in Ngāti Kahungunu will rise again.,Ka ara anō ngā rōpū whakahē i ngā hoko whenua i Ngāti Kahungunu.
"From 1871, Ngāti Kahungunu began to hold meetings in Te Matau-a-Māui under Hēnare Matua and two politicians: Henry Robert Russell and John Sheehan.",Mai i te tau 1871 ka tīmata te taki hui a Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Matau-a-Māui ki raro i a Hēnare Matua mā me ngā kaitōrangapū e rua: ko Henry Robert Russell rāua ko John Sheehan.
Karaitiana Takamoana is another one of the leaders.,Ko Karaitiana Takamoana tētahi anō o ngā rangatira.
Te Wananga 's Māori language newspaper is also a funder of the group.,He kaituku pūtea hoki te niupepa reo Māori a Te Wananga nō te rōpū.
Hiku unity groups (Waitangi and Kohimarama),Ngā rōpū kotahitanga o te hiku (Waitangi me Kohimarama)
During the 1870s and 1880s there were two parliamentary parties of the Kotahitanga.,I te takiwā o ngā tekau tau o 1870 me 1880 e rua ngā rōpū pāremata o te Kotahitanga.
"In 1879 the Māori parliament was held in Ōrākei, at Kohimarama's cabinet house (named after Kohimarama's 1860 meeting).","I te tau 1879 ka tū te pāremata Māori i Ōrākei, ki te whare rūnanga o Kohimarama (i tapaina ki te huinga rangatira o Kohimarama i te tau 1860)."
"At the invitation of Paora Tūhaere, he will talk about the Kohimarama Treaty and the Treaty of Waitangi.",Nā runga i te karanga a Paora Tūhaere ka kōrero mō te Kawenata o Kohimarama me te Tiriti o Waitangi.
The sun set on Kohimarama's parliament in 1889.,Ka tō te rā ki te pāremata o Kohimarama i te tau 1889.
The parliament was also held in Waitangi between 1881 and 1890.,Ko te pāremata hoki tērā i tū ki Waitangi i waenganui i te tau 1881 me te tau 1890.
In 1881 the Cabinet House on Waitangi Street was opened for parliamentary meetings.,I te tau 1881 ka puaretia te whare rūnanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi mō ngā whakaminenga o te pāremata.
The Union Parliament,Te Pāremata Kotahitanga
In 1892 the Māori Parliament met at Waitangi.,I te tau 1892 ka mene te Pāremata Māori ki Waitangi.
It is decided that one house and one national election.,Ka whakatauria ko tētahi whare me tētahi pōti ā-motu.
Parliament has a Lower House and a House of Lords.,"He Whare o Raro, he Whare Ariki hoki tō te pāremata."
The first prime minister was Hamiora Mangakāhia and the first president was Hēnare Tōmoana.,Ko te pirimia tuatahi ko Hāmiora Mangakāhia rāua ko te pika tuatahi ko Hēnare Tōmoana.
"It means that it will be ratified by the European Parliament, and that the Māori will keep their lands.","Ko tōna tikanga ka whakamanahia e te pāremata Pākehā, ā, kia puritia e te Māori ōna whenua."
In 1902 his last meeting was held in Waiomatini on the East Coast.,I te tau 1902 ka tū tōna hui whakamutunga ki Waiōmatatini ki te Tai Rāwhiti.
The Kauhanganui,Te Kauhanganui
"Around 1890, the King's House of Parliament, Te Kauhanganui, was built in Maungakawa.","Nō te takiwā o te tau 1890 ka waihangatia te Whare Pāremata o te Kīngitanga, a Te Kauhanganui ki Maungakawa."
"It has a ministerial palace and twelve (public faces), including the Lower House and the House of Lords.","He urupū minita, he tekau mā-rua (ngā kanohi ā-iwi) hoki tōna, tae atu ki te Whare o Raro me te Whare Ariki."
The Māori king is the head of the Kauhanganui.,Ko te kīngi Māori te ūpoko o te Kauhanganui.
His stories are published in the King's newspaper Te Paki o Matariki.,Ko ōna rongo kōrero ka whakaputaina i te niupepa a te Kīngitanga a Te Paki o Matariki.
"In 1894, its guiding law was laid down, but in the 1920s, the movement of the Kauhanganui hui began to decline.","I te tau 1894 ka whakatakototia tōna ture ārahi, heoi nō te tekau tau 1920 ka peto te ngoi o ngā hui Kauhanganui."
Māori Councils,Ngā Kaunihera Māori
At the end of the 1800's the government ordered some programs that showed unity in the Māori councils and the land councils.,I te pito o te rautau 1800 ka whakahau te kāwanatanga i ētahi kaupapa i kitea ai te kotahitanga i ngā kaunihera Māori me ngā kaunihera whenua.
"These groups are called Te Kotahitanga Hou, and Āpirana Ngata is the pillar (he is also one of the pillars of the Te Aute Student Association).","Ka karangatia ēnei whanatutanga ko Te Kotahitanga Hou, ā, ko Āpirana Ngata te pouturuki (koia hoki tētahi o ngā pou o te Rōpū Tauira o Te Aute)."
"Māori elect the Māori councils, but the government still has control.","Ko ngā Māori tonu ka kōwhiri i ngā kaunihera Māori, engari nā te kāwanatanga tonu te mana whakahaere."
From the year 1903 meetings of these groups were held.,Mai i te tau 1903 ka tū ngā hui o ēnei rōpū.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Coalition parties in the 20th and 20th centuries,Ngā rōpū Kotahitanga i te rautau 1900 me te rautau 2000
Ratan and politics,Ko Rātana me ngā mahi tōrangapū
The Ratan Church also has a political side.,He taha tōrangapū anō tō te Hāhi Rātana.
The fort of Ratan arose near Marton.,I puea ake te pā o Rātana ki tūtata mai o Marton.
The church campaigned for the ratification of the Treaty of Waitangi before the four Māori seats were obtained.,Nāwai ka whakatenetene te hāhi mō te whakamanatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi i mua i te rironga mai o ngā tūru Māori e whā.
"In 1924, Ratana asked to present a petition signed by 45,000 Māori (two-thirds of the Māori population) to King Hori regarding the violations of the Treaty of Waitangi.","I te tau 1924 ka mea a Rātana ki te whakatakoto i te petihana i hainahia e ngā Māori 45,000 (e rua-hautoru o te taupori Māori) ki te aroaro o Kīngi Hōri e pā ana ki ngā whatinga o te Tiriti o Waitangi."
"Although this did not work, the treaty gained importance.","Ahakoa kāore tēnei i hua, i whai hiranga anō te tiriti."
"This led to the emergence of Māori political parties such as Matiu Rata's Mana Motuhake and the Māori Party, which was created in 2004 under the leadership of Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples.","Nāwai ka puea mai ngā rōpū tōrangapū Māori pērā i te rōpū a Matiu Rata i a Mana Motuhake me te Rōpū Māori, i waihangatia i te tau 2004 ki raro i te ārahitanga o Tariana Tūria rāua ko Pita Sharples."
Māori War Actions,Ngā Mahi Māori mō te Pakanga
This group resulted in the creation of the Twenty Eighth Māori Army.,I hua mai tēnei rōpū i te waihanganga o te Ope Hōia Māori Rua Tekau Mā Waru.
Due to the difficulty of recruiting Māori (it was not established that Māori should vote through the electoral roll).,Nā te uaua o te whakatari hōia Māori (kāore i whakaturea kia pōti te Māori mā te rārangi kōwhiri).
In 1942 MPs Praire Paikea and Eruera Tirikātene created a strategy to suppress Māori.,Nā whai anō i te tau 1942 ka hangaia e ngā mema pāremata e Paraire Paikea rāua ko Eruera Tirikātene te rautaki ki te whakatari i ngā Māori.
A committee of four Māori MPs and Rangi Māwhete of the Legislative Council (upper house) was then set up.,Kātahi ka whakatūria te komiti o ngā mema pāremata Māori tokowhā me Rangi Māwhete o te Kaunihera Ture (whare o runga).
"21 regions were established, including 315 iwi committees.","E 21 ngā rohe i whakatūria, tae atu ki ngā komiti ā-iwi e 315."
"In this way, the iwi participated in the national administration of the war.",Mā konei whai wāhi rawa ngā iwi ki ngā whakahaerenga ā-motu mō te pakanga.
The Maori Women's Welfare Association,Te Rōpū Wāhine Māori Toko i te Ora
In 1951 the Māori Women's Welfare Association met for the first time.,I te tau 1951 ka hui tuatahi te Rōpū Wāhine Māori Toko i te Ora.
The welfare committees set up by Māori officials under Te Rangiataahua Royal frowned.,I haramai ngā kanohi a ngā komiti toko i te ora i whakatūria e ngā āpiha Māori i raro i a Te Rangiataahua Royal.
Whina Cooper was the first principal and Miraka (Mira) Petricevich (now Szászy) was the first secretary.,"Ko Whina Cooper te tumuaki tuatahi, ko Miraka (Mira) Petricevich (nāwai ko Szászy) te hēkeretari tuatahi."
Party activities became important during the urban sprawl in the middle of the 20th century.,Ka whai hiranga ngā mahi o te rōpū i te wā o te waihekenga taone i te pokapū o te rautau 1900.
"In addition to social activities, party politics were also important.","I tua atu i ngā mahi toko i te ora, ko ngā mahi tōrangapū hoki a te rōpū."
The Māori Council,Te Kaunihera Māori
After the Second World War the Māori Actions for War group was re-established under the Māori Social and Economic Development Act of 1945.,"Whai muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka hanga houtia te rōpū Ngā Mahi Māori mō te Pakanga ki raro i te Ture Whanake Pāpori, Ohaoha Māori o te tau 1945."
The main committees managed the iwi committees (now known as Māori) under the Māori Department.,Nā ngā komiti matua i whakahaere ngā komiti iwi (nāwai ka kīia he komiti Māori) ki raro i te Tari Māori.
Committee elections are held every two years.,I ia rua tau ngā pōtitanga komiti.
"Finally, all Māori adults in a committee area are eligible to vote.",Ka mutu ko te hunga pakeke Māori katoa o tētahi rohe komiti kā āhei te tuku pōti.
Under the Māori Welfare Act of 1962 district councils were changed to match Māori Land Court districts.,Nō raro i te Ture Toko i te Ora Māori o te tau 1962 ka whakarerekētia ngā kaunihera rohe kia ōrite ki ngā rohe Kōti Whenua Māori.
That is the result of the Māori Council.,Ko te huanga mai tērā o te Kaunihera Māori.
Its members come from local council representatives.,Ko ōna mema ka ahu mai i ngā kanohi kaunihera rohe.
Māori Level Meeting,Hui Taumata Māori
The Hui Taumata Māori was established in the marae of Tūrangawaewae on the 14th of July in 1990.,"I whakaūngia te Hui Taumata Māori ki te marae o Tūrangawaewae, i te 14 o ngā rā o Hūrae i te tau 1990."
It is similar to the Māori Council but has no ties to the government.,He ōrite tōna āhua ki te Kaunihera Māori engari kāore ōna here ki te kāwanatanga.
"It has 37 tribal eyes, but it was not relevant to the issues of each tribe.","E 37 ōna kanohi ā-iwi, heoi kāore i whai kiko ki ngā take o tēnā iwi, o tēnā iwi."
"Therefore, this group also focuses on issues affecting the general Māori people.",Nā reira ka aro pū tēnei rōpū ki ngā take e pā ana ki te iwi Māori whānui.
Opposition parties,Ngā rōpū porotū
"In the 1970s and 1980s, several Māori protest groups emerged.",I ngā tekau tau o 1970 me 1980 ka tītoko ake ētahi rōpū mautohe Māori.
"The issues are land, the Māori language and the fight against racial segregation and racism.","Ko ngā take ko te whenua, ko te reo Māori me te whawhai i te whakawehe iwi me te mahi kaikiri."
"Some of the groups include the Waitangi Action Committee, Ngā Tamatoa, Rōpū Manu Whititua Māori of New Zealand and the Māori Human Rights Organisation.","Ko ētahi o ngā rōpū ko te Komiti Mahi o Waitangi, ko Ngā Tamatoa, ko te Rōpū Manu Whititua Māori o Aotearoa me te Whakahaerenga Māori mō ngā Mōtika o te Tangata."
"In 1971, Ngā Tamatoa petitioned Parliament for the Māori language, and they led the first protests on Waitangi Day.","I tau 1971 ka mauria e Ngā Tamatoa te petihana ki te Pāremata mō te reo Māori, ā, nā rātou i whakarautaki ngā whakatutū puehu tuatahi ki te Rā o Waitangi."
The majority of these groups are of all ethnicities.,Ko te mātotoru o ēnei rōpū nō ngā mātāwaka katoa.
City Ministries,Ngā Manatū Taone
"Due to the efforts of various kaitiakitanga and people's groups to bring Māori to the towns, a number of Māori ministries have emerged in the towns.","Nā runga anō i ngā whakapau kaha o ngā momo kaitiakitanga me ngā rōpū tāngata ki te tauawhi i te Māori ki ngā taone, ka hua mai ētahi manatū Māori kaitā ki ngā taone."
Prominent groups include Manukau Urban Māori Authority (MUMA) and Te Whānau o Waipareira ki Uru o Tāmaki.,Ko ngā rōpū rongonui ko Manukau Urban Māori Authority (MUMA) me Te Whānau o Waipareira ki te Uru o Tāmaki.
Its services are health and social to urban Māori regardless of where they are from.,"Ko ōna ratonga he hauora, he pāpori ki ngā Māori noho taone ahakoa nō hea ake."
"Before Europeans arrived in New Zealand, it was difficult to understand carbohydrates in the English language.","I mua i te taenga o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa, me uaua ka taea te nui o te warowaihā, te carbohydrate ki te reo Pākehā."
"To Māori, kūmara is the kura from Hawaii.","Ki te Māori, ko te kūmara te kura mai Hawaiki."
"Despite the long history, the gardens and pits of the ancient Māori can still be seen.","Ahakoa te roa o te wā ki mua, kei te kitea tonutia ngā māra me ngā rua kūmara a te tangata Māori onamata."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
The arrival of the kumara,Te taenga mai o te kūmara
The kūmara was brought to New Zealand by the ancestors of the Māori people around the 1200s.,Nā ngā tīpuna o te iwi Māori te kūmara i kawe ki Aotearoa i te takiwā o te rau tau 1200.
It is believed that those same ancestors brought the kumara from South America and brought it to the Pacific Ocean.,"Ko te whakapae, nā aua tīpuna anō te kūmara i tiki ake i te tonga o Amerika, kawe mai ai ki Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
The kumara in New Zealand,Te kūmara i Aotearoa
New Zealand is colder than the islands in the Pacific.,He makariri ake a Aotearoa i ērā o ngā moutere i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
Kumara does not grow in winter - let the days get warmer and then six.,Kīhai te kūmara e tipu i te hōtoke – kia mahana haere ngā rā kātahi ka ono.
Some places are too cold for kumara.,He makariri rawa ētahi wāhi mō te kūmara.
There are other types of plants brought from Hawaii; it did not grow here because of the coldness of the country.,Arā atu anō ngā momo tipu i mauria mai i Hawaiki; kīhai i tipu ki konei nā te mātao o te whenua.
That is the reason why there is more space in the kumara.,Koinā te take nui atu ai te wāhi ki te kūmara.
"Today's kumara sold in stores are from North America, unlike the kumara of the ancient Māori.","Nō te raki o Amerika kē ngā kūmara o nāianei e hokona ana i ngā toa, kāore i pērā i ngā kūmara a te Māori onamata."
Cultivation of kumara in New Zealand,Te whakatipu kūmara ki Aotearoa
"The Māori had large gardens, which were laid out in open areas where the sun shone.","He nui ngā māra a te Māori, ka takoto ki ngā wāhi aupaki ka whitingia e te rā."
The plant is planted in sandy loam.,Ka whakatō te tipu kūmara ki te one ahuahu.
The soil is kneaded with sand to allow the water to drain away.,Ka pokepokea te oneone ki te kirikiri kia pai ai te rere atu o te wai.
Fences are erected to provide shelter from the wind and to keep out birds such as vultures.,"Ka whakatūhia ngā taiapa hei whakaruru i te hau, hei kati atu hoki i ngā manu pērā i te pūkeko."
Sometimes caterpillars eat plants.,He wā ka kainga ngā tipu e ngā anuhe.
This is why gulls feed on caterpillars.,Koinei te take ka whakamōkai he karoro hei kai i ngā anuhe.
"Eventually, it becomes difficult to find good land for growing kumara.","Nāwai, ka uaua haere te rapu whenua pai mō te whakatipu kūmara."
Food storage,Te rokiroki kai
March is the time of year to harvest kumara.,Ko Maehe te wā o te tau hauhake i te kūmara.
Kumaras are left in burrows throughout the winter.,Ka waiho ngā kūmara ki ngā rua puta noa i te hōtoke.
"The kumaras that are not eaten, are planted in the next warm season.","Ko ngā kūmara kāore i kainga, ka whakatōhia ā te aroaromahana ka whai."
Cooking the kumara,Te tunu i te kūmara
"Cucumbers are grilled, boiled, or steamed.","Ka tao te kūmara ki te hāngī, ka kōhuatia rānei, ka koromamaotia rānei."
Small tubers dry in the sun.,Ka whakamaroke ngā kōpura iti i te rā.
The divine side,Te taha atua
Rongomatane is the god of the kūmara.,Ko Rongomātāne te atua o te kūmara.
"At the time of planting, karakia is performed.",I te wā o te whakatō ka takina ngā karakia.
Sometimes they kill an animal - such as a bird.,Hei ētahi wā ka patua he amonga - pērā i te manu.
"Then the priest sanctifies the garden, so that the plant will survive until the time of harvest.","Kātahi ka whakatapua e te tohunga te māra, kia ora ai te tipu, tae rawa atu ki te wā o te hauhake."
A hedge is planted to protect the garden.,Ka whakanōhia he mauri hei tiaki i te māra.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
The kumara arrives in New Zealand,Ka tae te kūmara ki Aotearoa
Around the 1200's the kumara ( Ipomoea batatas ) arrived in New Zealand with the Māori.,Nō te takiwā o te rau tau atu i 1200 ka tae mai te kūmara (Ipomoea batatas) ki Aotearoa me te Māori.
"There are other plants that are imported, such as taro, gourds, yams and tea leaves.","Arā atu anō ētahi tipu he mea mau mai, pērā i te taro, te hue, te uwhi me te tī pore."
"In addition, the kite was tied; but it was not eaten; instead use the skin as clothing.","I tua atu, ko te aute i heria mai; engari kāore i kainga; whakamahia kētia te kiri hei kākahu."
"When he arrived in New Zealand in 1769, Captain Cook saw all these plants in Pēwhairangi.","I tōna taenga ki Aotearoa i te tau 1769, ka kite a Kāpene Kuki i ēnei tipu katoa ki Pēwhairangi."
It seems that the ancestors of the Māori went to the south of America and brought them from the kumara to Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.,"Ko te āhua nei ka haere ngā tīpuna o te Māori ki te tonga o Amerika, ka heri mai i te kūmara ki Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
Strangers in a new land,Ngā tauhou ki te whenua hōu
"The climate in New Zealand is different from that of the Pacific islands, so different methods of growing food are required.","He rerekē te āhua o ngā rangi ki Aotearoa tērā ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, nā reira me rerekē ngā tikanga mō te whakatipu kai."
The northern part of New Zealand has the same temperature as the Pacific islands.,Ko Te Tai Tokerau te rohe ki Aotearoa ka rite rawa te pā mahana ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"After all, the South is the most difficult place to grow these types of plants.","Whāia, ko Murihiku te wāhi uaua rawa mō te whakatipu i ēnei momo tipu."
Kumara grows throughout the year on the islands of the Pacific.,Puta noa i te tau ka tipu te kūmara ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
It is customary on those islands to plant the feathers of the kumara.,"Ko te tikanga ki aua moutere rā, ka whakatōkia ko ngā huruhuru o te kūmara."
"However, due to the cold weather in New Zealand, bulbs are planted instead.","Heoi, nā te makariri o Aotearoa, ka whakatōkia ko ngā kōpura kē."
"Due to the cold weather in New Zealand, the Māori people changed their kumara cultivation methods, so that they could be stored in the winter and planted in the summer.","Nā te makariri o ngā rangi i Aotearoa, ka tahuri te Māori ki te panoni i ngā tikanga whakatipu kūmara, kia pai ai te penapena i te hōtoke, te whakatō i te raumati."
Kumara grows in the warmer parts of the North Island and on the beaches north of Te Wai Pounamu.,Ka tipu te kūmara ki ngā wāhi mahana o Te Ika-a-Māui me ngā takutai i te raki o Te Wai Pounamu.
Hakaroa on the Canterbury coast is the most southerly place where kumara grows.,Ko Hakaroa i te takutai ki Waitaha te wāhi whakatetonga rawa e tipu ai te kūmara.
Early gardens,Ngā māra tōmua
Early gardens were not very large.,Kāore noa iho i tino rahi ngā māra tōmua.
"On arrival in New Zealand, the kumaras were planted as soon as possible to prevent them from dying.","I te taenga ki Aotearoa, ka whakatōngia wawetia ngā kūmara kei mate."
The waste is set aside to make it available for gardening.,Ka tūngia te ururua kia wātea ai mō te mahi māra.
It is suspected that the kumara was planted in several places at the same time.,Ko te whakapae i whakatōkia te kūmara ki ētahi wāhi i te wā kotahi.
"Eventually, the ancestors learned to plant the tubers, except for the feathers.","Nāwai ā, ka ako ngā tūpuna kia whakatō ko ngā kōpura, hāunga ngā huruhuru."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Growing cucumbers,Te whakatipu kūmara
Gardens,Ngā māra
"In the case of kumara, it is planted in soil that has been shaped and leveled.","Mō te kūmara, ka whakatō ki te oneone kua ahua, kua rārangitia."
The type of line is like the number 5 on the map.,"Ko te momo rārangi, ka rite ki te tohu 5 i runga i te pīrori."
Tubers planted in sand are shaped.,Ko ngā kōpura ka whakatō ki roto i ngā one he mea ahu.
The best places to grow kumara are open areas that get full sun.,"Ko ngā wāhi rawe rawa mō te whakatipu kūmara, ko ngā wāhi aupaki ka whitingia i te rā."
Soil change,Te panoni oneone
Loamy sand is good for a kumara garden.,He pai te one marewa mō te māra kūmara.
"For coarse soils, i.e. loose sands, mix with sand.","Mō ngā oneone mātotoru, arā, ngā one tuatara, ka whakahanumi ki te kirikiri."
"Sometimes, for large gardens, it is a long trip to get gravel.","Hei ētahi wā, mō ngā māra nui, he haerenga tawhiti ki te mau kirikiri mai."
"Arguably, the water drains better than sand dunes.","Ko te whakapae, he pai atu te rere o te wai i ngā one kirikiri."
"In this way it is possible to plant kumara early, as the sandy sand warms up quickly to protect it from frost.","Mā konei ka taea te whakatō tōmua i te kūmara, i te mea ka mahana wawe te one kirikiri hei kaupare i te hukapapa."
Old gardens,Ngā māra tawhito
You can see the remains of old gardens and stone walls.,Kitea noatia ai ngā mahuetanga o ngā māra tawhito me ngā taiepa kōhatu.
"In some places the stones are arranged, in some places they are laid in a line, in other places these two methods go together.","Ki ētahi wāhi ka whakaahutia ngā kōhatu, ki ētahi wāhi ka takoto rārangi, ki ētahi atu wāhi ka haere ngātahi ēnei tikanga e rua."
It is not clear what the significance of these stone offerings is.,Kāore i te mārama he aha te tikanga o ēnei tāpaetanga kōhatu.
"In the same way, sometimes the kumara is planted in the soil that is placed on the stones, so that the temperature is the same all the time.","Waihoki, he wā ka tipuria te kūmara ki te oneone kua tāpaea ki runga i ngā kōhatu, kia rite ai te mahana i ngā wā katoa."
"However, there may be another explanation for those stone deposits; in the middle of the floor before the division, the foot stones are placed and the kumaras are planted in the middle.","Heoi, arā atu anō pea he whakamārama mō aua putunga kōhatu; i te wawaenga o te papa i mua i te tiringa, ka whakaahutia ngā kōhatu putu, ka whakatōkia ngā kūmara ki waenganui."
Carnivorous insects,Ngā ngārara kai kūmara
"The gardens were surrounded by hedges, that is, low walls, to provide shelter and protection from insects.","Taiāwhiotia ai ngā māra ki ngā ahuriri, arā, ngā taiepa pāpaku noa, hei whakaruruhau, hei kaupare i ngā pūkeko."
The seagull is fed to eat the caterpillar.,Ka whakamōkaitia te karoro hei kai i te anuhe.
Sometimes the leaves are burned to pollinate and repel the caterpillars.,"He wā kua tahuna ngā rau kawakawa kia whakapoa, kia panaa te anuhe."
Gardening becomes increasingly difficult,Ka uaua haere te whakatakoto māra
It didn't take long to grow kumara in a place where the soil became dry and weak.,"Kāore noa iho i roa te whakatipu i te kūmara ki tētahi wāhi ka pākeka, ka kaha kore te oneone."
"Therefore, that field must be abandoned and a new place must be found.","Nā reira, me whakarere taua māra, ka rapu wāhi hou."
"On the islands of the Pacific, it takes 20 - 25 years for the sand to regain its strength.","Ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, e 20 – 25 ngā tau kātahi anō ka hoki te kaha ki te one i māratia."
"However, the problem in New Zealand is that if you leave an open area, the fern will take over.","Heoi, ko te mate kē ki Aotearoa, ina waiho noa tētahi wāhi mārakerake, taihoa ka tipuria e te rarauhe."
"Due to the complexity of the stems and roots, this plant is difficult to grow; there is no reason for witchcraft, it will shoot again.","Nā te whīwhiwhi o ngā ake me ngā tā, he uaua tēnei tipu te huke ake; kāore he take o te tahutahu, ka wana anō hoki."
"Therefore, it becomes increasingly difficult to find good land to share a new garden.",Nā reira ka uaua haere te rapu whenua pai hei tiri māra hou.
Types of cucumbers,Ngā momo kūmara
"In the 19th century, other varieties of kumara came from abroad.",I te rau tau 1800 ka tae mai ētahi atu momo kūmara i tāwāhi.
It grows faster and more seedlings can be grown.,"He tere ake te whakatipu, he rahi atu ngā kūmara ka taea te whakatipu."
These species are derived from the killer whales of North America.,"I ahu mai ēnei momo i ngā kaipatu kēkeno, tohorā nō te raki o Amerika."
There are currently three types of commercial kumara in New Zealand.,I tēnei wā e toru ngā momo kūmara arumoni o Aotearoa.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Tools and pits,Ngā taputapu me ngā rua kūmara
Tools in the garden,Ngā taputapu i te māra
"Māori used many tools for farming, including:","He maha ngā taputapu a te Māori mō te ngaki mara, arā ko te:"
hoe - for turning soil,toki hengahenga – mō te kauhuri oneone
hoto – a type of sugar made from sugarcane,hoto – he momo kō he mea hanga i te maire
ko – for digging soil.,kō – mō te keri oneone.
About 2 meters long.,E 2 mita pea te roa.
There is a lie in some of the legs.,He teka kei ētahi kō hei takahitanga mō te waewae.
Kaheru – a type of sugarcane used as a soil conditioner and as a garden plant.,"kāheru – he momo kō hei whakaahu oneone, hei tūkari kūmara."
form – a long edged sugar.,puka – he kō mata roa.
"tipi or arrow - just a small blade, attached to the handle to cultivate vegetables and to cultivate grass.","tipi, pere rānei – paku noa te mata, ka whakamau ki te kakau hei ngaki tōtō, hei ngaki tarutaru."
"ketu – shaped like a paddle, used to plow the soil before harvesting","ketu – he rite ki te hoe tōna hanga, hei pāpako i te oneone i mua i te hauhaketanga"
hammer – to hammer sand,patupatu – hei patu i te one kerepei
kōkō – used like sugar,kōkō – whakamahia pēnei i te kō
timo - to weed the grass in the garden.,timo – hei kūtoro i ngā tarutaru o te māra.
Keeping calm,Te pupuri kūmara
Kumara grows in the summer; and in March they will harvest.,"Tipu ai te kūmara i te raumati; ā, hei te Maehe ka hauhake."
"Kumara does not grow in the winter, so the tubers must be stored.","Kīhai te kūmara e tipu i te hōtoke, nā reira me penapena ngā kōpura."
The people of Te Moananui-a-Kiwa are already used to keeping kumara in pits; he was educated in New Zealand.,Kua taunga kē ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki te pupuri kūmara ki roto rua; he mātauranga ia i kawea ki Aotearoa.
"Due to the heat and humidity of the pits, the tubers will not rot.","Nā te takawai me te mahana o ngā rua kūmara, e kore ngā kōpura e pirau."
The leftovers that are not eaten in the winter are stored and planted in the summer.,"Ko ngā toenga kāore i kainga i te hōtoke, ka pupuri, ka whakatō ā te raumati."
Two kumara,Rua kūmara
"Out in New Zealand, the sites of ancient kumara pits can still be found.","Puta i Aotearoa, kitea tonutia ai ngā wāhi o ngā rua kūmara tawhito."
Each tribe builds its own type of pit.,"Ka hangaia e tēnā iwi, e tēnā iwi ōna ake momo rua."
"Some pits are rectangular in shape, while others are dug on flat land or on hillsides.","Ko ētahi rua he tapawhā te takoto, ko ētahi ka keria i ngā whenua papatahi, ki ngā tahataha hiwi rānei."
"After burning pits to repel germs, doors were erected to keep out mice and bad weather.","Ka mutu te tahu i ngā rua hei pana iroriki, ka tū ngā kūaha hei kati i ngā kiore me ngā āhuarangi kino."
Eating kumara,Te kai kūmara
"After harvesting the small tubers, they are dried in the sun so that they can be made well.","Ka waru i ngā kōpura iti, ka whakamaroke ki te rā kia pai ai te mahi kao."
"It is eaten raw, soaked in water, mashed, or cooked inside.","Ka kai mata, ka rūmaki ki te wai, ka penupenu, ka tunu rānei te kao ki roto hāngī."
Following are some of the main cooking methods:,Ka whai iho ētahi o ngā momo tunu i ngā kūmara rahi:
into the air,ki roto hāngī
then cook and fill with water,ka tunu ka kīnaki ki te wai kina
barbecue in ash,te rorerore ki roto pungarehu
boiling or steaming with sulfur,"te kōhua, te koromamao rānei ki te ngāwhā"
the noise; call this a rooi.,te waruwaru; kīia tēnei he roroi.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
The divine side,Te taha atua
The spiritual side,Te taha wairua
"Due to the difficulty of growing other plants from Hawaiki, kūmara has a greater role in the Māori world.","Nā te uaua o te whakatipu i ētahi atu o ngā tipu mai i Hawaiki, ka nui atu te tūranga o te kūmara i te ao Māori."
"Due to the dwindling of good land for growing crops, the position became too large.","Nā te mimiti haere o ngā whenua pai mō te whakatipu māra, kātahi ka nui rawa atu te tūranga."
"Activities related to kūmara are sacred, and they are dedicated to Rongomatāne, one of the main deities of the Māori world.","He tapu ngā mahi e pā ana ki te kūmara, whai anō ka whakatapua ia ki a Rongomātāne, tētahi o ngā atua nui o te ao Māori."
Rongo is also the god of peace.,"I tua atu, ko Rongo te atua o te māriretanga."
This may be a reference to the important role of the kumara garden in that of war and anger.,He tohu pea tēnei ki te wāhi nui o te māra kūmara i tērā o te pakanga me te riri.
Foreigner's garden,Māra tautāne
"Before planting the kumaras in the main garden, the small garden is planted.","I mua o te onoono i ngā kūmara ki te māra nui, ka whakatōhia te māra tautāne."
"This garden is separated from the main garden, the bulbs are dedicated to the gods.","Ka wehea tēnei māra i te māra nui, ko ngā kōpura ka whakatapua ki ngā atua."
Six kūmara rituals,Ngā tikanga ono kūmara
"At the time of planting kumara, the salad ceremony is performed and an offering is made to the gods - usually a bird.","I te wā o te whakatō kūmara, ka takina te kawa huamata, ka tāpaea he amonga ki ngā atua – hei te nuinga o te wā he manu."
The experts sanctify the field until the harvest.,Ka whakatapua e ngā tohunga te māra kia tae rā anō ki te hauhakenga.
This is forbidden to people.,He mea aukati tēnei i te tangata.
Harvest,Hauhake
There is a lot of bitterness when harvesting kumara.,He nui te kawa i te hauhakenga i te kūmara.
The ritual of purification is performed to lift the sacredness.,Takina ai te karakia purenga hei hiki i te tapu.
"The earliest gopura were dedicated to gods, such as Rongo.","Ko ngā kōpura tōmua rawa ka whakatapua ki ngā atua, pērā i a Rongo."
Next is the party.,Whai muri ko te hākari.
Mauri,Mauri
The essence of the garden is protected by some items such as the god level - a stone that is associated with a god such as Rongo.,Tiakina ai te mauri o te māra e ētahi taonga pērā i te taumata atua – he kōhatu ka whakarite ki tētahi atua pērā i a Rongo.
A compact deity is a carved tree stuck in the sand.,Ko te atua kiato he rākau whakairo ka titia ki te one.
There was a time when the heads of the enemies were hung on the poles to keep the essence of the kumara.,He wā ka whakairia ngā ūpoko o ngā hoariri ki runga i ngā pou hei pupuri i te mauri o te kūmara.
"The dog became food, clothing, and a pet for the owners.","Ka noho te kurī hei kai, hei whakakākahu, hei mōkai mā ngā rangatira."
"There are stories about a petrified dog, the frequency of ghost dogs, supernatural beings that look like dogs.","Kōrero ai ngā pūrākau mō te kurī kua whakakōhatutia, ngā auau o ngā kurī kēhua, ngā tipua ka rite ki te kurī."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
"The original Māori dog, brought to New Zealand by Māori ancestors from the Pacific in the 12th century, has died out.","Kua mate ā-moa te kurī tūturu a te Māori, i kawea ki Aotearoa e ngā tūpuna o te Māori mai i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i te rau tau 1200."
"The dog has long fur, and ends up being small, with short legs and a hairy tail.","He roa ngā huruhuru o te kurī, ka mutu he pakupaku, poto noa ngā waewae, pūhuruhuru te whiore."
"Some are black, some are white, some are striped.","Ko ētahi he pango, ko ētahi he mā, ko ētahi he kōingoingo."
"The dog doesn't bark, it barks.","Kāore te kurī e pahupahu, ka auau kē."
Stories,Ngā pūrākau
Irawaru is the dog god.,Ko Irawaru te atua o te kurī.
"One time, Māui got angry with Irawaru, who was lazy.","Tērā tētahi wā, ka riri a Māui ki a Irawaru, he māngere hoki."
"Also, Irawaru's nose was snoring, Māui came and pulled his ears, nose and back, so that he looked like a dog.","Waihoki, e ngongoro ana te ihu o Irawaru, ka haere mai a Māui ka kumekume i ōna taringa, tana ihu me tōna tuarā, kia rite ai tōna hanga ki te kurī."
"When Kupe moved to New Zealand, he had a dog.","I te heke a Kupe ki Aotearoa, he kurī āna."
One was abandoned in Te Hokianga.,I whakarerea tētahi ki Te Hokianga.
"The dog waited and waited for Kupe to come back, more awkward.","Ka tatari, ka tatari te kurī rā kia hoki mai a Kupe, hauwarea ake."
Eventually the sun dog turned to stone.,I te mutunga ka huri te kurī rā ki te kōhatu.
There are stories about a dog that jumped off Tokomaru at night and guided the boat to the coast of New Zealand with its frequency.,"Tērā ngā kōrero mō tētahi kurī i peke iho i a Tokomaru i te pō, ka ārahi i te waka ki te takutai o Aotearoa mā tana auau."
There are two stone dogs in Taupō lake.,E rua ngā kurī kōhatu i te moana o Taupō.
"It is said that if the boatmen mistook the canoes for wild dogs, they would be attracted by them, and a storm would arise to drown the canoe, including the people on board.","E ai ki te kōrero, ki te pōhēhē ngā tāngata eke waka he kurī māori ērā e hoihoi rā ka tīwaha atu, ka ara ake te āwhā ki te toremi i te waka rā, tae atu ki ngā tāngata ki runga."
Activities,Ngā mahinga
Māori prefer dog meat.,Ka reka kē ki te Māori te kiko o te kurī.
"According to Captain Cook, it tastes like lamb.","E ai ki a Kāpene Kuki, he rite ki te reme te reka."
The hair of the dog is used to weave dog clothes; the bones are used as hooks and necklaces.,"Ko te huruhuru o te kurī hei whatu kahu kurī; ko ngā wheua hei matau, hei tāhei."
The hairs of the dog's tail are tied to a thread and shaken to repel the enemy.,"Ka whakamaua ngā huruhuru o te whiore o te kurī ki te taiaha, ka ruia hei whakaware i te hoariri."
Where these feathers are found are the influences.,"Kīia ai ēnei huruhuru, ko ngā awe."
"The dog knows how to catch kiwi, pukeko, etc.","He mōhio te kurī ki te hopu kiwi, pūkeko, arā atu."
A dog is killed as an offering to the gods; it is food for the priest.,Ka patua he kurī hei whakahere ki ngā atua; he kai nā te tohunga hoki.
When did the dog die?,Nōnahea mate atu ai te kurī?
It is not known when the dog died.,Kāore i te mōhiotia nōnahea mate atu ai te kurī.
Perhaps it was when European dogs arrived in the early 1800s that the Māori dog began to decline.,"Tērā pea nō te urunga mai o ngā kurī a te Pākehā i te tōmuatanga o te rau tau 1800, ka tīmata te paheke o te kurī Māori."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
What is a dog?,He aha te kurī?
Native American dogs originated in the Pacific.,I ahu mai ngā kurī māori i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"Eventually, they all died in New Zealand.","Nāwai ā, ka kore haere, ka mate katoa ki Aotearoa."
The dog was brought to New Zealand by the ancestors of the Māori people in the 1200's.,Nā ngā tīpuna o te iwi Māori te kurī i mau ki Aotearoa i te rau tau atu i te tau 1200.
The dogs in New Zealand are bigger and stronger than the dogs in the islands in the Pacific.,"Ka nui atu, ka pakari atu ngā kurī i Aotearoa tērā i ngā kurī kei ērā o ngā moutere i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
. It weighs between 13 and 15 kilos.,Kei waenganui i te 13 me te 15 koma-mano te taumaha.
The nature of the dog,Te āhua o te kurī
The dog is small and has long hair.,"He pakupaku noa te kurī, he roa ngā makawe."
The dog is about the size of a border collie.,He rite te nui o te kurī ki te border collie.
"The head is small, the ears are pointed, and the jaw is large.","He pakupaku te māhunga, he koi ngā taringa, ā he rahi te kauae."
"They have large shoulders and necks, short legs, and full fur on their tails.","He nui ngā pokohiwi me te kakī, he poto ngā waewae, he huruhuru katoa te whiore."
"Some dogs are black, others are white, brown, or yellow.","He pango ētahi kurī, ko ētahi he mā rānei, he kōingoingoi rānei, he kōwhai rānei."
Other names,Ngā ingoa kē
The Te Wai Pounamu people's name for a dog is 'gurī'.,Ko te ‘gurī’ te ingoa a ngā iwi o Te Wai Pounamu mō te kurī.
"There is also the word 'pero'; it is believed to have come from the Spanish, as 'perro' is the Spanish word for dog.","Tērā anō te kupu ‘pero’; ko te whakapae i ahu mai i ngā tāngata Pāniora, i te mea ko ‘perro’ te kupu Pāniora mō te kurī."
Later the word animal was used for all living things with four legs.,Nō muri ka whakahuatia te kupu kararehe mō ngā mea ora katoa e whā ngā waewae.
The 'Māori dog' does not come from the 'native dog'.,Kāore i kore i ahu mai te ‘Māori dog’ i te ‘kurī maori’.
"However, a 'natural dog' simply means a normal dog.","Heoi, ko te tikanga ake o te ‘kurī maori’, ko te kurī noa."
A source of food,He puna kai
"No matter where the Pacific Islander goes, his dogs, pigs, chickens, and mice go by his side.","Ahakoa haere te tangata māori o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki hea, ka haere āna kurī, poaka, heihei, kiore ki tana taha."
"Apart from mice, these animals are domesticated and eaten whole.","I tua atu i te kiore, he mea whakarata ngā kararehe nei, kainga katoatia."
"However, only dogs and rats make it to New Zealand.","Heoi, ko te kurī me te kiore anake ka tae ki Aotearoa."
"Due to the lack of pigs, dogs were used as food.","Nā te kore poaka, ka tīkina ko te kurī hei kai nui."
There was no doubt that there was plenty of food such as chicken and seal for dogs in early Maori homes.,Kāore i kore ka nui ngā kai pērā i te moa me te kekeno mā te kurī i ngā kāinga Māori tōmua.
"There were more dogs than in the early days, which is why most of the younger dogs were eaten.","I maha atu ngā kurī i ngā rā tōmua, koira te take i kainga te maha rawa atu o ngā kurī āhua tamariki ake."
"There were more and more delicious dogs in those days, why not breed them carefully.","He reka ake, he maha atu ngā kurī o aua wā, hei aha te āta whakatipu."
"Later, fish became the main food of the dog, but according to the evidence, most of the dogs killed for food were adults.","Nō muri rawa, ko te ika kē te kai nui a te kurī, inarā, e ai ki ngā taunakitanga, he pakeke te nuinga o ngā kurī i patua hei kai."
When did the dog die?,Nōnahea mate ai te kurī?
It is not clear when the dog died.,Kāore i te mārama nōnahea mate atu ai te kurī.
Captain Cook's scientists observed the dog in all parts of New Zealand during his travels in the years 1770 to 1779.,I mātaki ngā tohunga pūtaiao a Kāpene Kuki i te kurī i ngā moka katoa o Aotearoa i nga haerenga i ngā tau 1770 ki te 1779.
It is possible that the introduction of other dogs caused the dog to disappear forever.,Tērā pea nō te kuhu mai o ngā kurī kē ka ngaro te kurī mō ake tonu.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Ancient stories about the dog,Ngā kōrero onamata mō te kurī
Eight,Irawaru
Irawaru is the guardian of the dog.,Ko Irawaru te kaitiaki o te kurī.
He is the sister-in-law of the god Māui.,Koia te taokete a te tipua a Māui.
"Eventually, Māui became angry because of Irawaru's laziness.","Nāwai ā, ka whakatakariri a Māui mō te māngere o Irawaru."
"Irawaru was sleeping, snoring his nose, when Māui came and pulled his ears, nose, and back like a dog.","E moe ana a Irawaru, e ngongoro ana tōna ihu, ka haere mai a Māui ka kumekume ōna taringa, tōna ihu, tōna tuarā kia rite ki te kuri."
Later the women of Māui came and asked where their brother was.,Nō muri ka haere mai ngā wāhine a Māui ka pātai kei hea tō rāua tungāne.
Māui told them to go 'Moi!' – the dog's voice.,Ka kī atu a Māui kia tīwaha rāua ‘Moi!’ – te reo o te kurī.
Then the women called out.,Kātahi ka karanga atu ngā wāhine rā.
No!,Ehara!
Irawaru came running.,Ka oma mai a Irawaru.
The arrival of the dog,Te taenga mai o te kurī
There are many stories about the dog in Hawaii and its arrival in New Zealand.,He nui ngā kōrero mō te kurī i Hawaiki me te taenga ki Aotearoa.
"The arrival of the dog in New Zealand is a sign of the amount of food on the ships, because if there was no food, the dogs would have been eaten by the time they landed in Hawaii.","He tohu te taenga o te kurī ki Aotearoa ki te rahi o te kai i runga i ngā waka, inarā mēnā kīhai he kai, kua kainga kē ngā kurī i te hekenga i Hawaiki."
Riots in Hawaii,Ngā riri i Hawaiki
That's the story of Houmaitawhiti and his pet dog Pōtaka Tawhiti.,Tērā te kōrero mō Houmaitawhiti me tana kurī mōkai a Pōtaka Tawhiti.
"Because of the quarrels between Houmaitawhiti and Uenuku, Uenuku ate Pōtaka Tawhiti.","Nā ngā rīriri i waenganui i a Houmaitawhiti me Uenuku, ka kainga e Uenuku a Pōtaka Tawhiti."
"Later, Hou's son, Tamatekapua, heard the spirit of a dog coming from the heart of Uenuku.","Whāia, ka rongo a te tama a Hou, a Tamatekapua, i te wairua o te kurī rā e auau ana mai i te puku o Uenuku."
It must be said that this is the origin of the conflicts that caused Tamatekapua and his people to migrate to New Zealand via Te Arawa .,"Me kī, koia nei te takenga mai o ngā rīriri i heke ai a Tamatekapua me tōna iwi ki Aotearoa mā runga i a Te Arawa."
Dogs in caravans,Ngā kurī i ngā waka heke
Kupe discovered New Zealand.,Nā Kupe te whenua o Aotearoa i tūhura.
He had a dog on trips in Matawhaorua 's boat .,He kurī āna i ngā haerenga i te waka a Matawhaorua.
"According to the story, he left a dog in Te Hokianga; because of Kupe's play, the dog turned into a stone.","E ai ki te kōrero, nana i whakarere he kurī ki Te Hokianga; nā te takaroa o Kupe, ka huri te kurī rā ki te kōhatu."
Aotea is ruled by Turi .,Ko Turi te rangatira i a Aotea.
He gave his wife a dog coat.,Nāna i koha he kahu kurī ki tana wahine.
"In return, his son-in-law gave him the car.",Hei utu ka homai e tōna hunaonga te waka.
"On the way down from Hawaii to New Zealand, the boat stopped at Rangitāhua (Kermadecs) and Turi killed two dogs to honor the god Maru.","I te heke i Hawaiki ki Aotearoa, ka tū te waka ki Rangitāhua (Kermadecs) ka patu a Turi i ngā kurī e rua hei whakanui i te atua a Maru."
Manaia was the leader of Tokomaru who emigrated from Hawaii.,Ko Manaia te rangatira i a Tokomaru i heke i Hawaiki.
When Tokomaru got close to New Zealand the dog jumped into the water.,Ka tata a Tokomaru ki Aotearoa ka peke te kurī ki roto wai.
"In fact, the frequency of the dog led the boat to shore at night.","Otirā, nā te auau o te kurī rā te waka i ārahi ki uta i te pō."
Paoa is the leader of Horouta .,Ko Pāoa te rangatira i a Horouta.
He named Te Kūrī-a-Pāoa's mataarae for his lost dog.,Nāna i tapa te mātārae a Te Kurī-a-Pāoa mō tana kurī ngaro.
Weird dog,Kurī tipua
The importance of the dog to the Māori can be seen in the stories about dog gods.,Ka kitea te wāhi nui o te kurī ki te Māori i ngā pūrākau mō ngā tipua kurī.
Moekahu is a female dog and a goddess.,"He uwha kurī, he atua a Moekahu."
"Just like a person, when a dog dies, the soul goes to Hell on the tail of the fish Māui, however, there is a way for people and a way for dogs.","He rite ki te tangata, ina mate ana he kurī ka haere te wairua ki Te Rēinga i te hiku o te ika a Māui, heoi, he ara ki te tangata, he ara ki te kurī."
"There is a dog named Mohorangi, a dog that lives in Whanga-o-keno in the East Coast.","Tērā tētahi kurī ko Mohorangi, he kurī ka noho ki Whanga-o-keno i Te Tai Rāwhiti."
"A woman - Ponuiawahine - saw him and turned him into a rock, which still stands outside Whanga-o-keno.","Ka kite tētahi wahine – ko Pōnuiawahine – i a ia, ka hurihia hei toka, e tū tonu nei i waho atu o Whanga-o-keno."
There are two ghost dogs in Taupō Lake.,E rua ngā kurī kēhua kei te moana o Taupō.
"If a car comes from outside, they will shout at the dogs, 'Moi!","Ki te haere mai he waka nō te rāwaho ka tīwaha ki aua kurī, ‘Moi!"
Hello!' a storm arose to destroy them.,Moi!’ ka ara ake te āwhā ki te whakangaro i a rātou.
It's a husky dog,He kurī kaitā
Kōpūwai is a guitar prodigy in Te Wai Pounamu.,He tipua kaitā a Kōpūwai i Te Wai Pounamu.
The head is like that of a dog.,He rite te māhunga ki tō te kurī.
"Kōpūwai was followed by ten small dogs, each with two heads.","Tekau ngā kurī iti ka whai i a Kōpūwai, e rua ngā māhunga o tēnā kurī, o tēnā kurī."
"In Waikaremoana there is a dangerous dog, Te Kūrī-nui-a-Meko, who kills people and goes to the forest to hunt birds.","Kei Waikaremoana tētahi kurī whakawehi, a Te Kurī-nui-a-Meko, ka patupatu i ngā tāngata ka haere ki te ngahere ki te mahi manu."
"Kōpūwai was arrested, imprisoned and stabbed to death.","Ka hopukina a Kōpūwai, ka mauherea, ka werohia, mate rawa."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Very rich,He tino rawa
Dog meat is a staple food for Māori.,He tino kai ki te Māori te kiko o te kurī.
Rumors spread of large feasts of dog meat.,Ka hau te rongo mō ngā hākari nui o te kiko kurī.
Hikawera was the ruler of Waiōhiki in Te Matau-ā-Māui.,Ko Hikawera te rangatira o Waiōhiki i Te Matau-ā-Māui.
He ordered 70 dogs to be killed to feed the guests.,I whakahau a ia kia patua ngā kurī e 70 hei whāngai manuhiri.
"After that, they threw tusks into the water, and that river was then called Tūtaekuri.","Whāia, ka whiua tūtae ki roto wai, whai anō kiia ai taua awa, ko Tūtaekurī."
The place where the dogs are cooked is called Te Umukurī.,"Tapaina ai te wāhi tunua ai ngā kurī rā, ko Te Umukurī."
"There is a story about the people of Te Wai Pounamu, who would pierce the ears of dogs to get fat from the village.","Tērā te kōrero mō ngā iwi o Te Wai Pounamu, ka poka i ngā raho o ngā kurī kia mōmona atu ai i te kainga."
Clothing and jewelry,Ngā kākahu me ngā taonga whakapaipai
"Make a costume in the shape of a dog, including a coat to protect Tū's trees.","Mahia ai he kākahu i te huru kurī, tae atu ki tētahi pūeru hei arai i ngā rākau a Tū."
This type of clothing is called 'he tapahu of Irawaru'.,Kīia ai tēnei momo kākahu ‘he tāpahu o Irawaru’.
"Feathers are shaved from the tail as armor for those under the dark cloud, or as feathers for fighting trees.","Ka heua te huruhuru i te whiore hei tīpare mō te hunga kei raro i te kapua pōuri, hei huruhuru rānei ki ngā rākau whawhai."
"Bones, jaws, and teeth are used to make fish hooks and rings.","Mahia mai ai he hei, he mau kakī, aha atu i ngā kōiwi, ko te kauae me ngā niho hei matau hī ika, hei whakakai hoki."
The dog is used to hunt birds.,Whakamahia ai te kurī hei whakangau manu.
"When Tūrongo left to return to his home in the valley to Waikato, he left his dog with his wife Māhinaarangi, to guide him from the East Coast, and to hunt birds for him along the way.","I te wehenga o Tūrongo kia hoki ki tōna kāinga i te riu ki Waikato, ka whakarere i tana kurī ki tana wahine a Māhinaarangi, hei ārahi i a ia mai i Te Tai Rāwhiti, hei hopu manu hoki māna i te huarahi."
Tara was the son of Whatonga; he has a dog that hates hunting.,"Ko Tara te tama a Whātonga; he kurī tāna, he kino ki te whakangau."
"In the 1800's the dog was used to catch coot, weka, pukeko, and even decoy ducks.","I te rau tau atu i 1800 whakamahia ai te kurī hei hopu i te kākāpō, te weka, te pūkeko, tae atu ki ngā pārera whakamāunu."
"A man lures a kiwi by barking at the sound of the bird, while his dog is tied to a rope.","Ka poapoa te tangata i te kiwi mā te pakoire i te tangi o taua manu, ko tana kurī kei te herea ki te taura."
"When it comes close, the dog is allowed to catch the bird.","Kia tata mai, ka tukua te kurī kia hopu i te manu rā."
Teone (Hône) Taare Tīkao of Ngāi Tahu talked about the dog's role in catching sharks.,I kōrero a Teone (Hōne) Taare Tīkao o Ngāi Tahu mō te mahi a te kurī ki te hopu pūkeko.
"However, when the westerly wind blows strongly, people go and beat the swamp, so that the birds fly up into the wind.","Heoi, hei ngā wā ka kaha te pupuhi o te hau ā uru, ka haere ngā tāngata ka patupatu i te repo, kia rere ake ngā manu rā ki te ihu tonu o te hau."
"Eventually, the birds run out of energy and land on the ground.","Nāwai ā, ka pau te kaha o ngā manu rā, ka tau ki te whenua."
Then the dogs catch them.,Hei reira ka hopukina e ngā kurī.
Wild dogs,Ngā kurī mohoao
There are stories about wild dogs.,Tērā ngā kōrero mō ngā kurī mohoao.
"There is a cave in Waitomo, the Ruakuri cave.","He ana kei Waitomo, ko te ana Ruakurī."
Some hunters are chased by wild dogs.,Ka whāia ētahi tāngata hopu manu e ngā kurī mohoao.
"In the same way, a great distance is made and built close to the cave.","Waihoki, ka mahia he tāwhiti nui ka whakatū kia tata ki te ana."
No!,Ehara!
The wild dogs were there.,Mau ana ngā kurī mohoao rā.
"Wild dogs are hunted far away, in fact many areas of the island have been named Tāwhitikuri.","Ka hopukina ngā kurī mohoao ki te tāwhiti, inarā he maha ngā wāhi o te motu kua tapaina ko Tāwhitikurī."
One tradition at Te Wai Pounamu is to tie the female in a place to attract wild dogs.,"Ko tētahi tikanga ki Te Wai Pounamu, ko te here i te uha ki tētahi wāhi hei poapoa i ngā kurī mohoao kia whakatata mai."
"During the European period, wild dogs that had conflicts with European dogs were killed.","I te wā o te Pākehā, pūhia noatia ai ngā kurī mohoao kua puta i ngā aitanga ki ngā kurī a te Pākehā."
Soon those dogs will be gone.,"Taihoa ā, ka ngaro atu aua momo kurī."
Dog and bitter,Te kurī me te kawa
"A dog is killed by tohunga hiki kawanga, to appease Tūmatauenga, the god of anger, or another god.","Patua ai he kurī e ngā tohunga hiki kawanga, hei whakamāuru i a Tūmatauenga te atua o te riri, tētahi atu atua rānei."
"In addition, the flesh of the dog is to be eaten by the priest.","I tua atu, ko te kiko o te kurī hei kai mā te tohunga."
"In Mangakāhia in the 1830s, one of the last dogs was killed to be eaten by the tohunga who tattooed a tapairu woman.","I Mangakāhia i te tekau tau atu i 1830, ka patua tētahi o ngā kurī mutunga hei kai mā te tohunga nāna i tā te moko o tētahi wahine tapairu."
"According to the Māori calendar, because of the coldness of the month of August, 'the knees of people who have been burned by fire can be seen'.","Ki tā te maramataka Māori, nā te kaha makariri o te marama o Hereturikōkā, ‘ka kitea ngā turi o te tangata kua rāngai e te ahi’."
"In the same way, the moon grows and grows.","Waihoki, ka hua, ka riko te marama."
"Eventually, the world will become warmer; even as far as Kohitatea, the fruits are hanging from the trees.","Nāwai ā, ka mahana haere te ao; tae rawa ki a Kohitātea, e tautau ana ngā hua i ngā rākau."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
What is the calendar?,He aha te maramataka?
There are twelve months in the Māori calendar.,Tekau-mā-rua ngā marama i te maramataka Māori.
These months begin and end with the fruit month.,"Ka tīmata, ka oti ēnei marama i te marama hua."
Around 30 days a month.,Āwhiwhiwhi e 30 ngā rā i te marama.
The stars also have a place in the calendar.,He wāhi anō tō ngā whetū i te maramataka.
"Each month has its own star, each month has its own star or constellation.","Kei tēnā marama tōna whetū, kei tēnā marama tōna whetū, kāhui whetū rānei."
"For example, Matariki, the sign of the new year, appears in June (May-June).","Hei tauira, hei te Pipiri (Mei-Hune) ka puta a Matariki, te tohu o te tau hōu."
Nights of the moon,Ngā pō o te marama
"Each night of the month has its own name - Whiro is the first night, Mutuwhenua is the last night.","Kei tēnā me tēnā pō o te marama tōna ake ingoa – ko Whiro te pō tuatahi, ko Mutuwhenua te pō mutunga."
"The moon indicates the best days to fish, harvest tuna, plant or harvest food.","Ka tohu te marama he aha ngā rā pai ki te hī ika, ki te mahi tuna, ki te whakatō, ki te hauhake kai rānei."
"Also, the moon indicates what bad days are.","Waihoki, ka tohu te marama he aha ngā rā kino."
"For example, 'Mutuwhenua has a very bad day', however, Ōuenuku has a good day 'to get things done!","Hei tauira, ‘he rā kino rawa atu a Mutuwhenua’, heoi, he rā pai a Ōuenuku ‘kia taka ki ngā mahi!"
It's also a tuna night'.,He pō mahi tuna hoki’.
Planting and fishing,Te whakatō me te hī
The calendar is an important symbol of planting and fishing.,He tohu nui te maramataka mō te whakatō me te hī ika.
"Even today, the calendar is still used by fishermen.","Taka rawa ki ēnei rā, kei te whakamahia tonutia te maramataka e ngā kaihī ika."
Pouaka Whakaata Māori has a weather forecast section with calendar advice on tides and the best time to plant food.,Kei ngā tohu huarere i a Pouaka Whakaata Māori tētahi wāhanga me ngā tohutohu a te maramataka mō ngā tai me te wā pai kia whakatō kai.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Months,Ngā marama
The Māori calendar has twelve months.,Tekau-mā-rua ngā marama o te maramataka Māori.
The word 'light' means light/light and light time.,"Ko te tikanga o te kupu ‘marama’, mō te atarau/marama me te wā marama."
"There are twenty-nine and a half days to the moon, depending on the moon's waxing and waning.","Rua tekau mā iwa me te hāwhe ngā rā ki te marama, kei runga i te hua me te riko o te marama."
"The Māori looked for a method that would match the months of the Māori calendar to the European year, as the European year is measured on the lunar calendar.","Ka rapu ngā Māori mō tētahi tikanga ka whakarite i ngā marama o te maramataka Māori ki te tau Pākehā, i te mea ka inea te tau Pākehā i runga i ngā huri o Tamanui-te-rā, kāpā i te marama."
The European year - eleven - has more days than the Māori year.,He rahi atu ngā rā o te tau Pākehā – tekau-mā-tahi – tērā i ō te tau Māori.
"Some tribes add another month to make the year 13 months, a sign that sometimes another month is added to replace the days that are in leaps and bounds.","Ka tāpiri ētahi iwi i tētahi marama anō kia e 13 ngā marama i te tau, he tohu ki te mea hei ētahi wā ka tāpiritia tētahi anō marama hei whakakapi i ngā rā kei te noho tāwēwē."
"Allegedly, the iwi have another tradition that adheres to 12 months, which covers the calendar dates.","Ko te whakapae, he tikanga atu anō tā ngā iwi ka ū ki ngā marama e 12, e kapi ai ngā rā tāwēwē."
"There are times when the months are calculated: May-June is Te Tahi, June-July is Te Rua, and so on.","He wā ka tātaitia ngā marama: ko Mei-Hune koia tērā ko Te Tahi, ko Hune-Hūrae koia tērā ko Te Rua, haere ake."
"Each month has a name, each month has a name, and finally, each tribe has different names.","He ingoa tō tēnā marama, he ingoa tō tēnā marama, ka mutu, he rerekē ngā ingoa kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi."
These names and explanations were given to Te Pēhi (Elsdon Best) by Tūtakangahau of Ngāi Tūhoe:,Nā Tūtakangahau o Ngāi Tūhoe ēnei ingoa me ngā whakamārama i kōrero ki a Te Pēhi (Elsdon Best):
June (May-June).,Pipiri (Mei-Hune).
"Everything on the earth gets cold, including people.","Ka pipiri ngā mea katoa i te whenua i te mātao, me te tangata."
Hongonui (July or June-July).,"Hongonui (Hōngongoi, Hune-Hūrae rānei)."
Kick the cold; people light a fire and burn it.,"Kikini te makariri; ka tahutahu ahi te tangata, ka pāinaina."
August-Turi-Kōkā (July-August):,Here-turi-kōkā (Hūrae-Ākuhata):
People's knees are burned by fire.,Kua rāngia ngā turi o te tangata i te ahi.
September (August-September):,Mahuru (Ākuhata-Hepetema):
"The earth, plants and trees warm up.","Ka mahana haere te whenua, ngā tipu, ngā rākau."
October (September-October):,Whiringa-ā-nuku (Hepetema-Oketopa):
The country is very warm.,Kua tino mahana te whenua.
November (October-November):,Whiringa-ā-rangi (Oketopa-Nōema):
It's summer and Tamanui-te-rā is strong.,"Kua raumati, kua kaha a Tamanui-te-rā."
December (November-December):,Hakihea (Nōema-Tīhema):
The birds have settled in the kōhanga.,Kua noho ngā manu i roto i te kōhanga.
Harvest (December-January):,Kohi-tātea (Tīhema-Hānuere):
The food is dry and people eat the fresh food of the season.,"Kua makuru te kai, ka kai te tangata i ngā kai hōu o te tau."
February: (January-February): Rūhī-te-rangi (a summer star) has set foot on the earth.,Hui-tanguru: (Hānuere-Pēpuere):
All foods are solid.,Kua tau te waewae o Rūhī-te-rangi (he whetū o te raumati) ki te whenua.
March: (February-March):,Poutū-te-rangi: (Pēpuere-Maehe):
"March is the month of the year, the peak of oil.","Ko Poutū-te-rangi te mātahi o te tau, te putunga o te hinu."
The food has been harvested.,Kua hauhake te kai.
April (March-April):,Paenga-whāwhā (Maehe-Āperira):
Crops of food have accumulated around the edges of the fields.,Kua putu ngā tupu o ngā kai i ngā paenga o ngā māra.
May (April-May):,Haratua (Āperira-Mei): Kua kōputu ngā kai ki ngā rua.
Food is stored in pits.,Kua oti ngā mahi a te tangata.
The stars,Ngā whetū
"A moon and its star, a moon and its star.","He marama me tōna whetū, he marama me tōna whetū."
"According to a Ngāti Kahungunu expert, 'the stars are the masters of the months'.","E ai ki tētahi tohunga o Ngāti Kahungunu, ‘ko ngā whetū ngā ariki mō ngā marama’."
"For example, for most Māori, the publication of Matariki in May or June marks the first of the year.","Hei tauira, mō te nuinga o ngā iwi Māori, ko te putanga o Matariki i te Mei, Hune rānei ka tohu ki te mātahi o te tau."
The Māori calendar will rise again,Ka ara anō te maramataka Māori
"In 1990, Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori started the Māori calendar.",I te tau 1990 ka whakaaratia e Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori te maramataka Māori.
"They did not want names of European origin for the months, such as Hanuere (January), May; they will follow the names mentioned by Tūtakangahau.","Kāore rātou i hiahia ki ngā ingoa i takea mai i te reo Pākehā mō ngā marama, pērā i a Hānuere (January), i a Mei (May); ka whai kē rātou i ngā ingoa i kōrerohia e Tūtakangahau."
"Otherwise, the lunar calendar is abandoned and the European calendar is followed, for example, June is set to fall on June.","Hāunga tērā, ka whakatahangia te wātaka ka whai i te marama / atarau, ka whāia ko te wātaka a te Pākehā kē, hei tauira, ka whakaritea a Pipiri kia taka i te wā i a Hune."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Nights of the moon,Ngā pō o te marama
Moon/day indicates where the month begins.,Ko te marama/atarau ka tohu ā hea tīmata ai te marama.
Each month is 29 and a half days long.,E 29 me te hāwhe rā te roa o ia marama.
"The ancient Māori did not talk about the days of the month, they talked about the nights.","Kāore te Māori o mua e kōrero mō ngā rā o te marama, kōrero kē ia mō ngā pō."
"That night has a name, that night has a name.","He ingoa tō tēnā pō, he ingoa tō tēnā pō."
In most calendars Whiro is the first night and Mutuwhenua is the last night.,"Hei te nuinga o ngā maramataka ko Whiro te pō tuatahi, ko Mutuwhenua te pō whakamutunga."
"Some nights were good for planting food and fishing, some nights were not.","He pai ētahi pō mō te whakatō kai me te hī ika, ko ētahi pō kāore i pai."
Names of the nights,Ngā ingoa o ngā pō
"Each tribe has a name, each tribe has a name for the nights and the changing of the moon.","He ingoa ō tēnā iwi, he ingoa ō tēnā iwi mō ngā pō me te huri o te marama."
The following list of names comes from Ngāti Kahungunu:,I ahu mai i a Ngāti Kahungunu te rārangi ingoa o ngā pō ka whai iho nei:
"Whiro: it's a bad day, and the moon, that is, the new moon.","Whiro: he rā kino, ka ea te kōhiti, arā, te marama hōu."
Terea: the light is dim.,Tirea: ririki te marama.
"Hoata: good weather, little light.","Hoata: he rangi pai, ririki te marama."
Ouenuku: let's do it!,Ōuenuku: me mahi!
Tonight is a good night for tuna fishing.,He pai tēnei pō mō te mahi tuna.
"Ōkoro: in the evening there will be good weather, this night is good for tuna fishing.","Ōkoro: hei te ahiahi ka puta he rangi pai, he pai tēnei pō mō te mahi tuna."
Try it out: the weather is bad and the sea is getting worse.,"Tamatea-ngana: ka kino te āhuarangi, kei te tuarangaranga te moana."
Tamatea-kai-ariki: the climate will improve.,Tamatea-kai-ariki: ka pai haere te āhuarangi.
"Hidden: the climate is bad, the food is bad.","Huna: he kino te āhuarangi, ka kino ngā kai."
Ari-loa: good for fishing and fishing.,Ari-roa: he pai mō te mahi tuna me te matarau.
Maure: a sunny day.,Maure: he rā paki.
Tip: good for goldsmithing.,Māwharu: he pai mō te mahi kōura.
Results: a day to work.,Ōhua: he rā ki te mahi.
"Result: it's a bad day, the sea is rough.","Hotu: he rā kino, kei te tuarangaranga te moana."
God: it's a beautiful day.,Atua: he rā mōrikarika.
Turu: a day to gather seafood.,Turu: he rā kia kohi kaimoana.
Big tree: selects the moon; eat seafood.,Rākau-nui: ka tōhua te marama; ka kai i ngā hua o te moana.
Warning tree: a sunny day; the moon is shining.,Rākau-matohi: he rā paki; ka taha te marama.
Tagirau: the morning is sunny.,Takirau: he paki te ata.
Oike: good evening.,Oike: he pai te ahiahi.
Unearned: a bad day.,Korekore-te-whiwhia: he rā kino.
No fun: a bad day.,Korekore-te-rawea: he rā kino.
Korekore-sahani: today looks good.,Korekore-hahani: āhua pai tēnei rā.
Tangaroa-amua: a good day for fishing.,Tangaroa-āmua: he rā pai mō te hī ika.
Tangaroa-ā-roto: a good day for fishing.,Tangaroa-ā-roto: he rā pai mō te hī ika.
"Tangaroa-kiokio: a very good day for fishing, seaweed on the ground.","Tangaroa-kiokio: he rā tino pai mō te hī ika, pūkohukohu te whenua."
Otane: sunny days and nights for tuna fishing.,"Ōtāne: he rā paki, he pō hei mahi tuna."
"Orongonui: it's a beautiful day, the mood will drop.","Ōrongonui: he rā ātaahua, ka heke te īnanga."
"Mauri: it's a sunny morning, the moon is dark.","Mauri: he ata paki, kua pōuri te marama."
Omutu: a bad day.,Ōmutu: he rā kino.
"Mutuwhenua: a very bad day, the moon has set.","Mutuwhenua: he rā tino kino, kua roku te marama."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Planting food and fishing,Te whakatō kai me te hī ika
A calendar of activities,He maramataka mō ngā mahi
"The main purpose of the Māori calendar is to mark the times to plant and harvest food, fish, hunt birds, mice, etc.","Ko te tikanga nui rawa atu a te maramataka a te Māori, ko te tohu i ngā wā ki te whakatō me te hauhake i ngā kai, te hī ika, te whaiwhai manu, kiore, aha atu."
"There are four seasons of the year - summer, autumn, spring, winter, and finally, there are activities for each season, activities for each season.","E whā ngā kaupeka o te tau - raumati, ngahuru, kōanga, takurua, ka mutu, he mahi ki tēnā kaupeka, he mahi ki tēnā kaupeka."
"These times are different for each tribe, because of where they live, the climate of their region, the ability to grow, birds, and sea food.","He rerekē anō ēnei wā ki tēnā, ki tēnā iwi, nā te wāhi noho ai rātou, te āhuarangi o tō rātou rohe, te āheinga ki ngā tupu, ngā manu, ngā kai o te moana."
The changing world,Te ao hurihuri
"By the year 2000, the Māori calendar for planting food and fishing has been strongly followed.","Tatū rawa ki te tau 2000, kua kaha anō te whāia o te maramataka Māori mō te whakatō kai me te hī ika."
Many anglers believe in the calendar.,Ka whakapono te tini kaihī ki te maramataka.
"Bill Höhepa - expert fisherman - published a calendar that is supported by many people, Māori and non-Maori.","Nā Bill Hōhepa - tohunga hopu ika - tētahi maramataka i whakaputa e tautokohia ana e te tini tāngata, Māori mai tauiwi mai."
"Pouaka Whakaata Māori will read the changes in the Māori calendar - what are the tides, when is the best time to plant food, and even the weather signs.","Tērā a Pouaka Whakaata Māori ka pānui i te huri o te maramataka Māori –he aha ngā tai, he aha te wā pai hei whakatō kai, tae rawa ki ngā tohu huarere."
Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa (Massey University) in Te Papa-i-ōia is a good example of the joint journey of the Māori calendar and the knowledge of the changing world.,Kei Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa (Massey University) i Te Papa-i-ōia tētahi tauira pai mō te haerenga ngātahitanga o te maramataka Māori me ngā mōhiotanga o te ao hurihuri.
"In fact, some researchers have planted 25 species of taewa, under the instructions of the Māori calendar.","Otirā, kua whakatōngia e ētahi kairangahau ngā momo e 25 o te taewa, i raro i ngā tohutohu a te maramataka Māori."
The goal of this work is to keep the traditional knowledge and to bring back the teawa as food for trade.,"Ko te whāinga o tēnei mahi, kia puritia ngā mātauranga tuku iho, kia hoki mai hoki te taewa hei kai mō te hokohoko."
Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of a variety of Māori seafood.,Kua hura ngā tohunga whaipara tangata i ngā taunaki o te huhua o ngā momo kaimoana a te Māori.
"Māori collected many types of shellfish such as white slipper shell, volute, paua, clams and oysters.","He maha ngā tūmomo mātaitai i kohia e te Māori pērā i te white slipper shell, te volute, te pāua, te pipi me te tio."
Shellfish harvesting continues in the shellfish gardens around the long reef.,Kei te haere tonu te mahi kohi mātaitai ki ngā māra mātaitai huri noa i te ākau roa.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
"Paua, kina, koura, bipi, oysters, kuutai and other seafood are also a staple food for Māori.","Mai anō he kai rangatira te pāua, te kina, te kōura, te pipi, te tio te kūtai me ētahi atu kaimoana ki te Māori."
"On these days, whānau go out to collect shellfish to feed at feasts, or to cook lilies for the whānau.","I ēnei rā, ka haere ngā whānau ki te kohi mātaitai hei whāngai atu ki ngā hākari, kia tunua rānei he rengarenga mō te whānau."
Ancient fossils,Ngā para mātaitai ō mua
A midden is an ancient waste site that archaeologists study to see how a people lived.,Ko te midden he wāhi para tawhito ka rangahautia e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata kia kite he pēhea te oranga o tētahi iwi.
"Among the ancient Māori flora, there is evidence of the many types of seafood the Māori ate, as well as different shellfish, such as the ringed venus shell.","Kei roto i ngā ahu otaota o ngā iwi Māori ō mua e whakaatu ana te tokomaha o ngā kaimoana i kaingia e te Māori, tae atu ki ngā mātaitai rerekē, pērā i te ringed venus shell."
This shows the variety of shellfish eaten at that time.,He whakaatu tēnei ki te huhua o ngā momo mātaitai i kainga i tērā wā.
The previous harvest,Te hauhake ō mua
"According to Māori tradition, each whānau will have a garden set aside for each whānau.","E ai ki ngā tikanga Māori ka whakarohea he māra mātaitai mō tēnā whānau, mō tēnā whānau."
Before entering the sea they offered prayers.,I mua i te kuhunga ki te moana kua tuku karakia rātou.
"If a visitor comes to collect shellfish, the guardian is prayed for and gifts are given to him.","Mēnā ka tae mai he manuhiri ki te kohi mātaitai, kua īnoi atu ki te kaitiaki me te tuku taonga ki a ia."
Method,Tikanga
Collecting seafood is still a meaningful activity:,He mahi whai tikanga tonu te kohi kaimoana:
The child should not be paralyzed.,Kaua te tamaiti e hāparangi.
Do not handle shellfish while one is still in the water.,Kaua e huakina ngā mātaitai inā kei roto tonu tētahi i te wai.
One type is collected at a time.,Ka kohia te momo kotahi i te wā kotahi.
Establishing a ban to stop seafood harvesting.,Ko te whakatū rāhui hei whakakore I te i te kohi kaimoana.
Restricted areas are marked with a restricted pole.,Mā te pou rāhui hei tohu i ngā rohe rāhui.
Cooking and drying,Te tunu me te whakamaroke
"Shellfish are cooked in ovens, with sides lined with hot stones.","Ka tunua ngā mātaitai ki roto i ngā umu, me ngā tahā kua purua ki ngā kōhatu wera."
Another method is to burn shellfish and dry fern on top.,Ko tētahi atu tikanga ko te tahu i ngā mātaitai me te rarauhe maroke ki runga.
"When the clams are heated, the shells open.","Ka wera ana ngā mātaitai, ka tuwhera mai ngā angaanga."
"In the winter, food is dried for the winter.",I ngā hōtoke ka whakamaroketia ngā kai mō te hōtoke.
The meat is hung on a tree to dry.,Ko ngā kiko ka whakairia ki runga rākau maroke ai.
Distribution of seafood,Te toha i ngā kaimoana
People eat together at hakari or other large gatherings.,"Ka kai tahi te iwi ki ngā hākari, ki ētahi atu hui nui rānei."
"This is where clams, oysters and other foods are cooked.","Hei konei e marū ana te pipi, te tio me ētahi atu kai."
The people of the forest have sold their food in exchange for shellfish.,Ko ngā iwi o te ngāhere kua haramai me o rātou kai hei tauhoko mō te mātaitai.
Types of shellfish,Ngā momo mātaitai
Today there are many different types of watches that are still at home.,I ēnei rā he maha ngā mātaitai rerekē e kāinga tonu ana.
"However, his wetness is not the same as before.",Heoi ko tōna mākuru kāore rawa e rite ki ō mua.
There are also restrictions on the size of seafood that can be transported.,He here anō mō te rahi o te kaimoana ka hāria.
Paua lives on sea rocks and is best cooked as a lily.,"Ka noho te pāua ki ngā tokatū moana, ā, he pai kia tunua hei rengarenga."
The shell is a small shell that lives on reefs and sea rocks.,He mātaitai iti te pūpū ka noho ki ngā ākau me ngā tokatū moana.
The tissue is removed with a needle.,He mea tango te kiko mā te pine.
One has to dive for gold.,Me ruku rawa tētahi mō te kōura.
It's delicious.,Inā tōna reka.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Archaeological evidence,Ngā taunaki whaipara tangata
It is a noble food,He kai rangatira
"Since the arrival of the first peoples in New Zealand, shellfish has been a staple food for Māori.",Mai anō i te taenga mai o ngā iwi tuatahi ki Aotearoa he kai nui te mātaitai ki te Māori.
It is a month for collecting and harvesting each and every fish to feed the people at all times of the year.,He marama mō te kohi me te hao i tēnā mātaitai i tēnā hei whāngai i te iwi i ngā wāhanga katoa o te tau.
"There are three main purposes for making mātaitai - to eat, to spread at parties and festivals, and to eat in the winter.","E toru ngā kaupapa nui mō te mahi mātaitai – hei kai, hei hora ki ngā hui me ngā hākari, hei ō hoki i te hōtoke."
Skull deposits,Ngā putunga angaanga
Different types of shellfish can be found in the vegetation at that time.,Kei roto i ngā ahu otaota ka kitea ngā tūmomo mātaitai i tērā wā.
"There are many types of shells in these places that can be found by archaeologists, namely tuatua, pipi, paua, pūpū, kūtai, tuangi, tupa and vhētiko.","He huhua ngā tūmomo mātaitai kei ēnei wāhi ka kitea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata, arā, te tuatua, te pipi, te pāua, te pūpū, te kūtai, te tuangi, te tupa me te whētiko."
"In Te Māhia there are skulls of kankihi and huamutu, as well as karaka or garuru.","Kei Te Māhia ngā angaanga o ngā ngākihi me ngā huamutu, tae atu ki te karaka, ngāruru rānei."
There are other species that have been found.,Arā atu anō ngā momo i kitea.
"Such as the black nerita, ostrich foot, white slipper shell, white rock shell, knobbed whelk, conch shell, cockle shell, strangler shell, ringed venus shell.","Pērā i te black nerita, te ostrich foot, te white slipper shell, te white rock shell, te knobbed whelk, te pūpū, te kākahi, te tohemanga, te kaikaikaroro me te ringed venus shell."
"It is not known if some were eaten, or if others were attached to shellfish and mussels, such as slipper shells and neritas.","Kāore i te mōhiotia mēnā i kainga ētahi, mēnā rānei i piri ētahi ki te pāua me te kuku, pērā i te slipper shell me ngā nerita."
Monthly camps,Ngā puni a-marama
Archaeologists have found fossils of skulls on the shores of North Tai.,Kua kite ngā tohunga whaipara tangata i ngā ahu otaota angaanga ki ngā tātahi o te Tai Tokerau.
These wastes were left there after a shellfish gathering trip.,He mea waiho ēnei para ki reira whai muri i tētahi haerenga ki te kohi mātaitai.
The large herbaceous plant of huamutu and vhētiko was discovered in Māhakipawa in Te Hoiere district of Te Waipounamu.,Ka huraina te ahu otaota nunui o te huamutu me te whētiko ki Māhakipawa ki Te Hoiere takiwā o Te Waipounamu .
"It is believed that many tons of shellfish were buried here, and due to the lack of fish and bird bones, it is thought that this was just a camp for shellfishing.","E whakaarotia ana he maha ngā tōne o te mātaitai i pohaina ki konei, ā, nā te kore kite i ngā kōiwi ika, manu hoki, e whakaarotia ana he puni noa iho tēnei mō te mahi mātaitai."
Cooking,Te tunu
Sometimes the food is already in the oven.,Kei ētahi wā kua taona te kai ki te umu.
The method of sprinkling is to fill the shells and burn dried ferns on top and sides.,Ko te tikanga o te tuwhatu he heipū i te mātaitai me te tahu i ngā rarauhe maroke ki runga me ngā taha hoki.
"The technique is called kohue, and the leaves and hot stones are thrown into it to cook.","Ko te tikanga e kīia ana he kōhue, ka makaia ngā mātatai me ngā kōhatu wera kia tunu ki roto hue."
From there the skulls are attacked and its juice is used as a medicine.,"Nō konā kua huaki mai ngā angaanga, ā, ko tōna wai ka whakamahia hei rongoā."
Planting food,Te whakamara kai
In 1843 a surveyor wrote about Māori gathering mussels on Rangitoto Island.,I te tau 1843 ka tuhi tētahi kairūri whenua mō ngā Māori e kohi kuku ana ki te motu o Rangitoto.
Then they dry the mussels in an oven.,Whai muri ka whakamaroke rātou i ngā kuku ki roto umu.
The flesh is then removed and hung on a tree to dry.,"Kātahi kua tangohia te kiko, ka whakairihia ki runga rākau kia maroke."
"This is also the case for drying chickpeas, tuatua and toheroa - and why it's easier to get dry food to the bar.","Waihoki tēnei mahi mō te whakamaroke pipi, tuatua, toheroa hoki – me te aha he māmā ake te ō i ngā kai maroke ki te pā."
Some villages are further away from the observation points.,Inā te tawhiti atu o ētahi kāinga i ngā putunga mātaitai.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Method of harvesting,Te tikanga o te hauhake
Requirements,Ngā whakaritenga
"Before going to the sea to collect seafood, the divers say a prayer to prepare them for the kaupapa.","I mua i te haere ki te moana ki te kohi kaimoana, ka tuku karakia ngā kairuku hei whakarite i a rātou mō te kaupapa."
Some people of Te Mahia have a custom of washing in a well before going to the harbor to collect seafood.,Ko te tikanga ā ētahi iwi o Te Māhia he horoi ki roto i tētahi puna i mua i te haerenga ki te whanga ki te kohi kaimoana.
"Before they returned home, they worshiped that spring again.",I mua o tā rātou hokinga ki te kāinga kua karakia anō rātou ki taua puna rā.
"According to an old man from the East, the basket must be washed before collecting shellfish.",E ai ki tētahi koroheke o te Tai Rāwhiti me miia te kete i mua i te kohi mātaitai.
According to Ngā Puhi's grandfather they do the same thing but on a different net.,E ai ki te koroua o Ngā Puhi he pērā anō tā rātou mahi engari ki runga kupenga kē.
Forbidden,Rāhui
Getting seafood out to sea is a sacred activity.,He mahi tapu te tiki kaimoana ki waho ki te moana.
Children are advised not to ride on the beach.,Ka tohutohungia ngā tamariki kia kaua e hāparangi i runga tātahi.
"Seafood was not attacked when people were in reefs and shellfish gardens, or when someone was still in the water.","Kāore i huakina ngā kaimoana inā te tangata kei te ākau me ngā māra mātaitai, inā rānei kei roto tonu tētahi i te wai."
Collecting each type,Te kohi i ia momo
The trip is planned to be the right time to collect only one type of shellfish.,Ka whakaritea te haerenga kia taka mai te wā tika mō te kohi i te momo mātaitai kotahi anake.
"If the purpose of the trip is to carry the luggage, only the luggage will be carried.","Mēnā ko te pāua te kaupapa o te haerenga, ko te pāua anake ka haria."
There is a time for picking fish and another time for catching goldfish.,"He wā anō mō te kohi kina, he wā anō mō te hopu kōura."
The guardian,Te kaitiaki
Each whānau of each hapu has its own seafood reserve.,He wāhi rāhui kaimoana anō tō ia whānau ō ia hapū.
"They knew where the caves and holes where the koura were hiding, or where the kina and paua, the fields of pipi and tuatua.","I mārama rātou i hea ngā ana me ngā rua e huna ana te kōura, i hea rānei ngā kina me ngā pāua, ngā māra o te pipi me te tuatua."
"If there is a need from outside families to collect seafood, the guardian has been asked to authorize the trip.","Mēnā he hiahia nō whānau o waho ki te kohi kaimoana, kua tonoa te kaitiaki hei whakamana i te haere."
They also bring food for their relatives - such as pigs from the mainland or oysters from Whāingaroa.,"Ka ō mai anō e rātou he tahua kai mō o rātou whanaunga – pērā i ngā poaka o uta, i ngā tio rānei o Whāingaroa."
That's why the keeper has mentioned the best places for collecting shellfish.,Nō konā kua whakahua i te kaitiaki ngā wāhi pai mō te kohi mātaitai.
"When the visitor returns, a watch is left for the day care taker.",Ka hoki ana te manuhiri kua waihotia he mātaitai mō te kaitiaki rā.
Donate food,Takoha kai
Donating food is also an important tradition at the hui.,Ko te takoha kai anō tētahi tikanga nui ki ngā hui.
"The food served in baskets is bipi, kutai, karengo and koura - among other traditional foods.","Ko ngā kai ka horahia ki roto kete he pipi, kūtai, karengo me te kōura – me ērā atu kai ō mua."
It is also customary for the natives to prepare their main dishes for the guests.,He tikanga anō te taka a te tangata whenua i ōna kai rangatira mā te manuhiri.
This practice continues.,Kei te haere tonu tēnei tikanga.
"If Ngāti Rongomaiwahine's hui is held on one of their marae, kina, karengo, paua and koura have fallen.","Inā ka tū te hui a Ngāti Rongomaiwahine ki runga i tētahi o o rātou marae, kua taka mai te kina, te karengo, te pāua me te kōura."
Blessings,Manaakitanga
"According to the Hauraki kuia, the right person should cook the fish for the guest - this is a sign of love and blessing.",E ai ki te kuia o Hauraki mā te tangata tika anō hei tunu i ngā ika mō te tohunga manuhiri – he tohu aroha he tohu manaakitanga hoki tēnei.
"World War II veterans also talk about how excited they were to receive envelopes full of mustard - it was a staple food, and one that tied them back to their homesickness.","Ka kōrero anō ngā pāraeroa o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao mō tā rātou harikoa ki te taenga atu o ngā pūhera kikī ana i te pāwhara – he tino kai tēnei, ā, he kai hoki i paihere i a rātou ki ngā āhuatanga o te wā kāinga."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Harvesting power and today,Te mana hauhake me te i ēnei rā
"If a stone is moved when a person dives for shellfish, that stone is returned.","Me ka nekehia he kōhatu inā ka ruku ana te tangata mō te mātaitai, ka whakahokia taua kōhatu rā."
Bring seafood that matches the size of your family.,Me haria ngā mātaitai e ōrite ana ki te nui o tōu whānau.
"However, if there is a meeting, it is possible to get a permission slip from the marae elder to collect the shells.","Heoi mēnā kei te tū he hui, ka taea te tiki i te pepa whakaaetanga mai te kaumātua o te marae mō te kohi mātaitai."
"In some areas, permission slips are issued only for marae meetings.","Ki ētahi takiwā, ka tukuna ngā pepa whakaaetanga mō ngā hui marae anake."
Worship and holiness,Te karakia me te tapu
Some pray before they go to the sea to collect fish.,Ka karakia tonu ētahi i mua i tā rātou haerenga ki te moana kohi mātaitai ai.
"Women who are bleeding should not enter the water to collect food, because the woman is sacred, and it is not good to combine sacredness, collecting food and water.","Ko ngā wāhine e mate toto ana me kaua e kuhu ki roto i te wai ki te kohi kai, nā te mea he tapu te wahine, ā, kāore e pai te whakakotahi i te tapu, te kohi kai me te wai."
"The sharks smelled the blood again, making the trip even more dangerous.","Nā te rongo anō o ngā mango i te toto, ka mōrearea ake te haerenga."
Picking up kina,Te kohi kina
Some people follow the natural cues to catch seafood.,Ka whai tonu ētahi i ngā tohu o te taiao mō te hao i te kaimoana.
"For example, in Te Māhia the kina becomes fat when the manuka blooms.","Hei whakatauira ake, ki Te Māhia ka mōmona te kina inā ka pua te mānuka."
"In other areas, the flowers of kowhai and pohutukawa are fattened.",Ki ētahi atu takiwā kua mōmona i te puanga o te kōwhai me te pōhutukawa.
"Generations ago the whole fruit was eaten, but now only the fruit is eaten.","I ngā reanga ki mua ka kaingia te katoa o te kina, heoi ināianei ko ngā hua anake ka kainga."
Forbidden,Rāhui
"When the reservation is made, people know that the seafood is sacred.",Ka tū ana te rāhui kua mōhio te tangata kua whakatapuhia ngā kaimoana.
Prohibition is imposed when there is a sea hazard or when a person drowns.,"Ka whakatauhia te rāhui i ngā wā e tūpuhi ana te kaimoana, inā rānei ka toremi he tangata."
"In the past, a stop sign was enough to show the location.",I ō mua wā ka tokona te pou rāhui hei whakaatu i te wāhi.
A piece of seaweed or clothing belonging to the person who drowned is hung on this post.,"Ka whakairia ki runga i te pou nei he rimurimu, he kākahu rānei nō taua tangata i toremi."
Many people will believe in this reservation if they understand that there is a reservation there.,Ka pono te tokomaha o te tangata ki tēnei rāhui mēnā e mārama ana rātou kua tū he rāhui ki reira.
Depreciation of property,Te paheketanga o ngā rawa
"At the beginning of commercial harvests, the cinchona and koura were damaged.",Nō te tīmatanga o ngā hauhake ahumoni ka tūkinotia te pāua te kina me te kōura.
"In the 1970s, the fish in Te Mahia's reef were so large that there was no reason to use diving equipment.","I te tekau tau 1970, he pērā rawa te nunui o ngā kai o te ākau o Te Māhia kāore he take o te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ruku."
Environmental protection,Te tautiaki taiao
"Māori are experts in the knowledge of the sea, including the times and methods of collecting seafood and different working methods.","He tohunga te Māori ki ngā mātauranga o te moana, tae atu ki ngā wā me ngā tikanga mō te kohi kaimoana me ngā tikanga mahi rerekē."
This knowledge resulted from his use and observation of the features of the sea.,"I hua mai tēnei mātauranga i tōna whakamahi, me tōna kite i ngā āhuatanga o te moana."
"At all times, beneficent gardens should be blessed.",Hei ngā wā katoa me manaakitia ngā māra mātaitai.
Shellfish quickly absorb waste such as sewage and are unhealthy to eat.,"Tere tonu ngā mātaitai te ngongo i ngā paru pērā i te parakaingaki, ā, ka kino mō te kai."
Fields are also damaged when they are wheeled by garden machinery.,Ka tūkinotia anō ngā māra inā ka wīrahia e ngā mīhini kari.
"Similarly to other resources, the management of the observation areas should be effective in order to increase the harvest next year.","Waihoki ki rauemi kē, me tōtika te whakahaerenga o ngā wāhi mātaitai kia huhua anō ai te hauhake ā tērā tau."
This is why they enjoy going to the beach and gathering the food that their ancestors gathered.,Nō konei ka harakoa ake te haerenga ki tātahi me te kohi i ngā kai i kohia e o rātou tīpuna.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
"Te paua, kina, pipi, tuangi and tuatua","Te pāua, kina, pipi, tuangi me te tuatua"
"If a man says he's going to get seafood, he's talking a lot about fish and shellfish.","Mēnā ka kī te tangata kei te haere a ia ki te tiki kaimoana, e kōrero nui ana a ia mō te pāua me te kina."
Paua,Pāua
Paua are found on rocky seashores and adjacent reefs.,E kitea ana ngā pāua ki ngā tahataha tokatū moana me ngā toka o te ākau e piri ana.
His food is pasta.,Ko ōna kai he rimurapa.
The color of the shell results from the type of pasta in that area.,Ka hua mai te tae o te angaanga i te momo o te rimurapa kei taua takiwā.
Also use skulls as faces for carvings.,Whakamahia anō ngā angaanga hei kanohi mō ngā whakairo.
The tip of the skull is used to make pā kahawai.,Ko te kōngutu o te angaanga ka auahatia hei mahi pā kahawai.
Re-draw the skulls to protect them.,Whakairotia anō ngā angaanga hei puipuiaki.
Some people eat the fruit or cook it as a lily.,"Ko ētahi tāngata ka kai i te hua, ka tunua rānei hei rengarenga."
"However, obesity eats away at the pulp.",Heoi ko te mātotoru ka kai i te kiko o te pāua.
"Very lean meats can be cooked, but if they are to be eaten later, they should be pounded until the meat is tender.","Ko ngā pāua tino māota ka taea te tunu, engari mēnā ka kainga ā muri, me paopaohia kia ngohengohe te mīti."
One of the most popular recipes for cooking pau is pau with onions and cream.,Ko tētahi tino tohutaka mō te tunu pāua ko te pāua kōnatunatu te riki me te kirīmi.
It won't take long for the beans to ripen.,Kāore e roa ka maoa te pāua.
"According to the guidelines for fishing, the size of the paua should exceed 125 cubits, and 10 per person per day.","E ai ki ngā ture ārahi mō te hao ika, me neke atu te rarahi o te pāua i te 125 tuke haumano, ā 10 te rahi mā ia tangata i ia rā."
"According to the guidelines, scuba diving and snorkelling are not allowed.",E ai anō ki ngā ture ārahi kāore e whakaāetia te ruku pāua me te mīhini hopu hā.
China,Kina
Kina live under rocks or in crevices below the cliff's tidal flat.,"Ka noho te kina ki raro toka, ki roto kapiti rānei ki raro i te papa o te tai pari."
"He often carries rocks, skulls, and seaweed to hide himself from snappers and other predators.","He rite tonu te wā e mau ana ngā kōhatu, angaanga, rimurapa hoki ki a ia hei huna i a ia mai ngā tāmure me ētahi atu konihi."
50 kina per person per day is the maximum amount of kina possible.,50 kina mō ia tangata i ia rā te rahi o te kina ka taea.
Bees,Pipi
The clam is the most familiar seafood during summer vacations.,Ko te pipi te mātaitai ka kaha mōhiotia e te nuinga i ngā whakangā o te wā raumati.
Pipi can be found in ponds and areas where water flows.,E kitea ana te pipi ki ngā pūaha me ngā wāhi hoki e rere ana te wai.
"Up to 150 chicks can be harvested per person, and the bigger ones are the best.","Ka taea te kohi i te 150 pipi mō ia tangata, ā, ko ngā mea nunui ngā mea pai."
In the past there was also a type of basket for collecting chickpeas.,I ngā wā ō mua he momo kete anō mō te kohi pipi.
"When the basket is dipped in water, the small objects will be sucked out of the holes in the basket.","Ka rūrūhia ana te kete ki roto wai, ka ngahoro ngā mea iti i ngā kōhao o te kete."
Cast,Tuangi
"It can be seen in the vicinity of the pipi fields, but most of them are located on the rocky shores of the estuaries.","E kitea ana te tuangi ki kōtata mai o ngā māra pipi, heoi ko te nuinga kei ngā papa pōharu o ngā wahapū."
"It is not good to pour gravel and places where water flows, that is, the habitat of pipi.","Kāore e pai ki te tuangi ngā kirikiri me ngā wāhi e rere ana te wai, arā, te nōhanga o te pipi."
Tuatua,Tuatua
It's bigger than a chick.,He nui ake te tuatua i te pipi.
Its habitats are sand dunes.,Ko ōna nōhanga kei ngā onepū kirikiri.
This food is harvested during the rainy season.,Ka kohia te kai nei i te tai timu.
"The tuatua are spread with the feet, and until the tuatua are touched, they are then removed by hand.","Ka whāwhāngia ngā tuatua mā ngā waewae, ā, kia pāngia rā anō ngā tuatua kātahi ka nanao atu mā te ringa."
A person can do up to 150 prayers in one day.,E 150 te rarahi o te tuatua ka taea e te tangata i te rā kotahi.
"But also the regions of Auckland and Hauraki, only 50 are possible.","Engari anō ngā rohe o Tāmaki-makaurau me Hauraki, e 50 anake ka taea."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
"Crabs, oysters, dolphins and other shellfish","Te kūtai, tio, toheroa me ētahi atu mātaitai"
Kutai,Kūtai
It grows wildly on rocks or on piers.,"Ka tipu ā-pū te kūtai ki runga toka, ki runga i ngā pou o ngā wāpu rānei."
"A maximum of 50 mussels can be harvested, and larger ones will be harvested.","E 50 te rahi o te kuku ka taea, ā, ko ngā mea nunui ake ka tangohia."
Weavers use mussel shells to scrape flax for fiber.,Ka whakamahi ngā tohunga raranga i te angaanga kuku ki te waruwaru harakeke mō te muka.
The fiber is then used to weave clothes.,Whai muri ka whakamahia te muka mō te whatu kākahu.
Kahi,Kākahi
Sometimes the neck is caught with a cup.,I ētahi wā ka hopukina te kākahi mā te kapu.
"In the sediments of lakes, rivers and streams, kakahi is found.","Kei roto i ngā paru o ngā roto, awa, kōawa hoki te kākahi e kitea ana."
There was a time when turtles were caught only for aquariums.,He wā kua hopukina noa iho te kākahi mō ngā kauranga ika (aquarium) anake.
"At present, cotton is not really harvested for food.",I nāianei kāore i te tino kohia te kākahi hei kai.
Ice,Tio
Oysters can be seen clinging to rocks in harbors and estuaries.,E kitea ana ngā tio e piri ana ki runga toka ki ngā whanga me ngā wahapū.
The famous Awarua oyster is caught for a short period of the year from Te Ara-o-Kewa.,Ko te tio rongonui o Awarua tērā ka haongia mō tētahi wā poto o te tau mai Te Ara-o-Kewa.
Pacific oysters grow faster and eventually become larger.,"He tere ake te tipu o te tio o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ka mutu he nunui ake."
"In the 1970s, it began to be bred in New Zealand.",Nō te tekau tau 1970 ka tīmata tōna whakatipuhia ki Aotearoa.
"As well as the fish, this fish is important to the aquaculture industry.","Waihoki ki te kūtai, he whakahirahira tēnei mātaitai ki te ahumoni ahumoana."
Toheroa,Toheroa
The dolphin is an endangered species that is protected under the law.,He mātaitai tata wharengaro te toheroa e wawaongia ana ki raro i te ture.
"On one of the days of the Ministry of Oceans, people will be able to collect this shell at Oreti beach, in the South.","Hei ngā rā kotahi anake a te Manatū Moana ka wātea te tangata te kohi i tēnei mātaitai ki te onepū o Oreti, kei Murihiku."
Gun,Pūpū
All are happy with the young ones.,Pāreka katoa ana ki te hunga nohinohi te pūpū.
The shell is found on the sea bed.,E kitea ana te pūpū ki runga tokatū moana.
The color of the skull is green and black.,He kākāriki me te pango te tae o te angaanga.
The tissue covering the skull cavity is green and teal.,He kākāriki me te tea te whatu e kapi ana i te kōhao o te angaanga.
The cooked meat is removed with a pin.,Ko te kiko maoa ka tangohia mā te pine.
Stars,Whetiko
Now the fetus looks like a shell.,Ānō nei te āhua o te whētiko he pūpū.
Its habitat is in harbors or on the rocky hulls of estuaries.,"Kei roto whanga, kei runga rānei i ngā takere pōharuharu o ngā wahapū ōna nōhanga."
The color of the fruit is lighter than that of the shell.,He māmā ake te tae o te whētiko i tō te pūpū.
"When the stem is soft, cut off the top so that the pulp can be absorbed.",Kia marū ana te whētiko ka tapahia o runga kia pai ai e ngote i te kiko.
Player,Kaikaikaroro
"The surfer's home is in the same places as tuatua - that is, where the waves break.",Ko te kāinga o te kaikaikaroro kei ngā wāhi ōrite ki te tuatua – arā ki te wāhi ka whati mai ngā ngaru.
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Gold and silver,Kōura me te karengo
Gold,Kōura
"Before the start of its sale, koura was thick in Te Māhia.",I mua i te tīmatahia o tōna hokonga he mātotoru te kōura ki Te Māhia.
The elders thought back to the time when they collected the koura before returning home.,Ka hoki ngā whakaaro a ngā kaumātua ki te wā ka kohia ngā kōura i mua i te hokinga atu ki te kāinga.
"The children didn't just dive for koura, they caught koura in the shallow waters.","Kāore noa iho ngā tamariki i ruku mō te kōura, inā rā ka hopukina te kōura ki ngā wai pāpaku."
The big ones are for adults and the smaller ones are for children.,"Ko ngā kōura nunui mō ngā pākeke, ko ngā mea iti mō ngā tamariki."
Gold is running out these days.,Kua pau haere te kōura i ēnei rā.
The lobster is either submerged or caught with a hook.,"Ka rukutia te kōura, ka hopukina rānei mā te tāruke."
Six koura per person per day.,E ono te rahi o ngā kōura mō ia tangata i ia rā.
The width of the cup should be 54 to 60 cubits.,Me 54 ki te 60 tuke haumano te whānui o te kapu.
"If the shell is soft or if it contains eggs, the goldfish should be returned to the sea.",Mēnā he ngohengohe te angaanga mēnā rānei kei te mau hua a ia me whakahokia te kōura ki te moana.
Broken,Pawharu
Cod is also found in New Zealand waters and is thicker than red carp.,"Ka kitea anō te pawharu ki ngā waitai o Aotearoa, ā he mātotoru ake i te kōura whero."
Kewai (liquid gold),Kēwai (kōura waimāori)
"The kewai is found in creeks, lakes and marshes throughout the area.",E kitea ana te kēwai kei ngā kōawa ngā roto me ngā repo puta noa i te takiwā.
The subspecies is found in the North Island and northwestern Pacific.,Ko te momo iti ka kitea ki Te Ika-a-Māui me te raki mā-uru o Te Waipounamu.
The larger species inhabits the south-eastern part of the North and South Pacific.,Ko te momo rarahi ake ka noho ki te taha tonga mā-rāwhiti o Te Waipounamu me Rakiura.
It was green in color and only 125 cubits long.,"He kākāriki tōna tae, ka mutu 125 tuke haumano noa iho tōna roa."
Koura is caught with a bamboo stick.,Ka haoa te kōura mā te rākau mānuka.
"The tree is dipped in water, then the caterpillars crawl on the leaves.","Ka rūmakina te rākau ki roto I te wai, kātahi ka ngōki ngā kōura ki runga i ngā rau."
There are 50 times a person can be happy in one day.,E 50 te maha o te kakahi ka taea e te tangata te hari i te rā kotahi.
If other types of food are caught the limit is reduced.,Mēnā ka hopukina ētahi atu momo kai kua whakapakuhia te here.
"However, goldfishing is prohibited in Taupō Moana.",Heoi kua rāhuitia te mahi kōura ki Taupō Moana.
Forget it,Karengo
Karengo is also a traditional food.,Ko te karengo anō tētahi kai rangatira ō mua.
The karengo is harvested in autumn and winter.,Hei ngā ngahuru me ngā takurua ka katohia te karengo.
"At the beginning of the autumn rains, these crops will grow on the rocks.",Hei te tīmatanga o ngā ua o te marama ngahuru ka tipu haere ēnei kai ki runga i te ākau.
On the east coast of Te Māhia there is a creek that leads to the sand.,Kei Te Māhia ki te tai rāwhiti tētahi kōawa ka puta ki te onepū.
There is a stone altar where the guardian families of that area put the first fruits of the harvest.,Kei reira tētahi toka tūahu i whakatakotoria e ngā whānau kaitiaki o taua rohe ngā hua tuatahi o te hauhake.
The karengo is dried to be eaten throughout the year.,Ka whakamarokehia te karengo hei kai mō te roanga o te tau.
"Crabs, squid and squid are also caught on the reef.","Ko te pāpaka, te pātangaroa me te wheke ka hopukina anō ki te ākau."
"As the winter sky approaches at dusk, Matariki heralds the Māori New Year.","Kia taukapo mai ki te rangi takurua i te atapō, kua tohu a Matariki i te Tau Hou Māori."
"For Māori, the rise of Matariki is a time of remembrance, happiness and peace.","Ki a ngāi Māori, ko te aranga ake o Matariki te mātārere mō te whakamaharatanga, te harikoa me te rongomau."
This is the time when communities come together to celebrate.,Koia nei te wā e whakakotahi ai ngā hapori ki ngā mahi whakanui.
"In the 2000s, Matariki was once again recognized by both Māori and Europeans.","I ngā tau 2000, ka kaha kitea anō te whakanuia o Matariki e ngāi Māori me ngāi Pākehā."
From 2022 there will be a public holiday to celebrate Matariki in June or July of each year.,"Atu i te tau 2022 ka tū he hararei tūmatanui e arohia ai a Matariki i te Pipiri, i te Hōngongoi rānei o ia tau."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
What is Matariki?,Ko wai a Matariki?
Matariki is the Māori name for the star cluster also known as the Pleiades.,Ko Matariki te ingoa Māori mō te kāhui whetū e mōhiotia ana anō ko Pleiades.
"It is held in the winter and finally, for many Māori people, it is the symbol of the beginning of the new year.","Ka whakakau ake i wē-takurua, ka mutu, ki tētahi tokomaha tonu o ngāi Māori, ko ia te tohu o te tīmatanga o te tau hou."
"People know about Matariki and it is celebrated all over New Zealand, each tribe in its own way, and each tribe in its own time.","E mōhio ana ngā iwi mō Matariki, ka whakanuia hoki puta noa i Aotearoa, ko tēnā iwi ki tōna anō momo whakanui, ko tēnā iwi hei tōna anō wā."
"Matariki is short for 'Ngā Mata o te Ariki Tāwirimātea ' which refers to a large star cluster, also known in Europe as the Pleiades.","He whakapotonga a Matariki mō ‘Ngā Mata o te Ariki Tāwhirimātea e tohu ana i tētahi kāhui whetū nui tonu, e mōhiotia ana anō ki Ūropi ko Pleiades."
"According to Māori tradition, when the wind god Tāwirimātea was so angry when their parents, Ranginui and Papatūānuku, were separated from their older brothers, he opened his eyes, thrown into the air.","E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngāi Māori, i te kaha riri o te atua o te hau o Tāwhirimātea i te wehea o ō rātou mātua, a Ranginui rāua ko Papatūānuku, e ōna tēina tuākana, ka tīkarohia mai e ia ōna mata, ka makaia ki te rangi."
From life to death,Atu i te ora ki te mate
"In the olden days, Matariki time was the time when the dead were honored and allowed to be buried.","I ngā rā o nehe, ko te wā ki a Matariki te wā e whakamihia ai te hunga kua mate e tukua ai kia whetūrangihia."
"This is also a time to reminisce, praise the gods for the fruits of the earth, and celebrate with family and friends.","He wā anō tēnei e hoki ai a mahara, e whakamihia ai ngā atua mō ngā hua o te whenua, e hākari tahi ai te whānau me ngā hoa."
The revival of Matariki,Te whakarauorahia o Matariki
"There was a time when Matariki celebrations were popular, but by the 1940s, they were no longer celebrated.","He wā tōna i kaingākautia ai ngā mahi whakanui i a Matariki, engari tae atu ki ngā tau 1940, kua kore e tino whakanuia."
"In the 2000s, it was revived.","I ngā 2000, ka whakarauoratia."
"Today, thousands of people take part in celebrations to mark the beginning of the Māori New Year, as well as take part in family celebrations to remember those who have passed away and prepare for the future.","I ēnei rā ka whai wāhi atu te mano tini ki ngā huihuinga whakanui i te tīmatanga o te Tau Hou Māori, me te whai wāhi atu anō ki ngā mahi whakanui a te whānau ki te mahara ake ki te hunga kua riro me te whakariterite mō te tau ki mua."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Signing in to the new year,Te tohu ki te tau hōu
Look up at the stars,Tirohia ake ngā whetu
As if Matariki is moving,Me ko Matariki e ārau ana
We will pick up the memories that we are collecting,He tiki mai tahau i ngā mahara e kohi nei
Let go of the tears you pour,Whakarerea ake e nā te roimata koua riringi
My eyes are a source of water.,He puna wai kai aku kamo…
I gaze up to the stars,I gaze up to the stars
To the assembly of Matariki,To the assembly of Matariki
Captured are my memories of you who have left me behind,Captured are my memories of you who have left me behind
Tears rippling,Tears rippling
like springs in my eyes.,like springs in my eyes.
"Matariki is a small star cluster in the Taurus constellation, also known as the Pleiades.","He kāhui whetū ririki a Matariki kei te kāhui o Taurus, e mōhiotia anō ko Pleiades."
"In New Zealand it can be seen hanging from the north-west horizon, at the tip of the South Island, at night in mid-winter.","I Aotearoa ka kitea e iri hāhaka mai ana i te huapae ki te raki-mā-uru, i te hiku o Te Ika-o-te-Rangi, i te atapō i wē-takurua."
This is the beginning of the Māori New Year and the change of season.,Koia nei te mātārere o te Tau Hou Māori me te huringa o te pekanga o te tau.
"There is another time when Matariki is celebrated by each iwi, some iwi when the herd is first seen in the early morning, others after the Ōturu eanga, or at the beginning of the kohiti.","He wā kē anō e whakanuia ai a Matariki e tēnā me tēnā iwi, ko ētahi iwi hei te kitenga tuatahi o te kāhui i te ata iti, ko ētahi atu i muri o te eanga o Ōturu, i te tīmatanga rānei o te kōhiti."
"For other tribes there are seven stars in the cluster, for others nine.","Ki ētahi atu iwi e whitu ngā whetū kei te kāhui, ki ētahi atu e iwa kē."
"However, for all iwi, the importance of Matariki is expressed in a saying and a song that connects her to the star, Whānui:","Heoi, mō ngā iwi katoa, ka whakapuakina te hiranga o Matariki ki te whakataukī me te waiata e hono ana i a ia ki te whetū taiahoaho, a Whānui:"
Matariki comes out and runs Whānui,Ka puta Matariki ka rere Whānui
That's the sign of the year!,Ko te tohu tēnā o te tau e!
"Matariki reappears, Whānui starts its flight.","Matariki reappears, Whānui starts its flight."
Being the sign of the [new] year!,Being the sign of the [new] year!
Creation Story,Kōrero Orokohanganga
Matariki is short for 'Ngā Mata o te Ariki Tāwirimātea'.,He whakapotonga a Matariki mō ‘Ngā Mata o te Ariki Tāwhirimātea’.
"According to Māori tradition, when Ranginui and Papatūānuku were separated from their children, one of their sons, the wind god Tāwirimātea, became so angry that his face was torn off and thrown into the sea.","E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngāi Māori, i te wehea o Ranginui rāua ko Papatūānuku e ā rāua tamariki, ka tino riri tētahi o ā rāua tama, te atua o te hau a Tāwhirimātea, ka tīkarohia mai ōna mata, ka makaia ki te rangi."
"According to Tūhoe's astrologer, Professor Rangi Matamua, nine stars were counted by his ancestors:","Ko te kōrero a te tohunga kōkōrangi o Tūhoe, a Ahorangi Rangi Matamua, e iwa ngā whetū i tatauria e ōna tūpuna:"
"Matariki – the star that symbolizes life, memories, hope and bringing people together; considered to be a female star, she is the guardian of the other stars in the cluster.","Matariki – te whetū tohu i te noho ora, i te hokinga mahara, i te tūmanako me te whakahuihui i te iwi; e whakaarotia ana he whetū wahine, ko ia nei te kaitiaki o ērā atu whetū o te kāhui."
Matariki is the name of this individual star and the whole cluster.,Ko Matariki te ingoa o tēnei whetū takitahi me te kāhui katoa.
Waitī  – the star associated with natural water and the foods of natural water.,Waitī – te whetū e hono ana ki te wai māori me ngā kai o te wai māori.
Waitā  – the star associated with tidal water and the food of tidal water.,Waitā – te whetū e hono ana ki te wai tai me ngā kai o te wai tai.
Tupaūnuku  – the star associated with the food that grows on the earth.,Tupuānuku – te whetū e hono ana ki ngā kai ka tupu ki te whenua.
Tupuarangi  – the star associated with food that comes from the sky: fruits of trees and birds.,Tupuārangi – te whetū e hono ana ki ngā kai ka ahu mai i te rangi: te hua o te rākau me te manu.
Waipunarangi  – the star associated with rain.,Waipunarangi – te whetū e hono ana ki te ua.
Weather  – the stars that set the winds for the year.,Ururangi – te whetū ka whakarite i ngā hau mō te tau.
Pōhutukawa  – the star associated with the dead.,Pōhutukawa – te whetū e hono ana ki te hunga kua mate.
Hiwa-i-te-rangi  – the star associated with dreams and aspirations for the coming year.,Hiwa-i-te-rangi – te whetū e hono ana ki te moemoeā me te wawata mō te tau ka takoto ake.
"Others say that Matariki was the mother, surrounded by her six daughters, Tupuānuku, Tupuārangi, Waitī, Waitā, Waipunarangi, and Ururangi.","Ko ētahi atu e kī ana ko Matariki te whaea, huri noa i a ia ko ana tamāhine tokoono, ko Tupuānuku, ko Tupuārangi, ko Waitī, ko Waitā, ko Waipunarangi, ko Ururangi."
"One story says that Matariki and her daughters help Te Rā, who has weakened from his winter journeys from the north.","Ko tētahi kōrero e kī ana ka āwhina a Matariki rātou ko ana tamāhine i Te Rā, kua ngoikore nei i ana haerenga iho i te takurua mai i te raki."
Matariki and Puanga,Matariki rāua ko Puanga
"Except when all tribes celebrate New Year Māori in June and July, some tribes in Whanganui, Taranaki, Te Aupōuri and Te Waipounamu call this time of the year Puanga, not Matariki.","Hāunga ia te whakanui a ngā iwi katoa i te Tau Hou Māori i te Pipiri me te Hōngongoi, ka kīia tēnei wā o te tau e ētahi iwi ki Whanganui, ki Taranaki, ki Te Aupōuri me Te Waipounamu ko Puanga, kaua ko Matariki."
"In these parts of the island, the Matariki cluster is not clearly visible, so the Puanga star, the second most important star next to Matariki, will be easier to see in the double sky.","I ēnei wāhi o te motu, kāore e mārama te kitea o te kāhui o Matariki, nō reira ka noho hiranga mai ko te whetū o Puanga, te whetū hiranga tuarua tata katoa ki a Matariki, ka māmā ake te kitea i te rangi rere rua."
. To Ngāi Tahu in Te Waipounamu the name of the star is Puaka.,Ki a Ngāi Tahu i Te Waipounamu ko Puaka te ingoa o te whetū.
"In its own regions, the decline of the star of Rehua in the winter is the sign of the change of the branch of the year.",I ōna anō rohe ko te hekenga o te whetū o Rehua i te takurua te tohu o te huringa o te pekanga o te tau.
Calculation of Matariki,Tātaitanga o Matariki
"In the olden days, the Māori were astrologers, who knew the fall of time and the change of seasons from the stars, and calculated these to navigate the currents of the sea.","I ngā rā o mua, he iwi tātai arorangi te Māori, e mōhiotia ai te taka o te wā me te huringa o te pekanga tau mai i ngā whetū, me te tātai i ēnei e rere ai i te au o te moana."
"People calculate the beginning and the end of Matariki differently, due to the constant changes in the environment, the geography, and the way they see the sun and the moon.","He rerekē anō te tātai a ngā iwi i te tīmatanga me te whakamutunga o Matariki, nā ngā rerekētanga tonu o te taiao, o te matawhenua, me te āhua o te tū mai o te rā me te marama e kite ana rātou."
The cycle of the moon is based on the 354-day Māori calendar .,Ko te huringa o te marama kei te tūāpapa o te Tau Māori e 354 rā te roa.
"But the Western European calendar (Gregorian), which is 365.25 days long, is based on the rotation of the Earth during the day.","Engari anō te maramataka o Ūropi ki te Uru  (Gregorian), e 365.25 rā te roa, kei tōna tūāpapa ko te amionga o Papatūānuku i te rā."
"Because of this, the dates for Matariki vary from year to year in the Western calendar.",Nā tēnei ka rerekē anō ngā rā ki a Matariki i ia tau i te maramataka o te Uru.
"Matariki's stars disappear from the sky in the month of May (meaning from May to early June), and will be visible again the following month in June (meaning from late June to early of July).","Ka ngaro ngā whetū o Matariki i te rangi i te marama o Haratua (te tikanga i wē Haratua ki te tōmuatanga o Pipiri), ka kitea anō hei tōna marama i muri mai i te Pipiri (te tikanga i te tōmuritanga o Pipiri ki te tōmuatanga o Hōngongoi)."
For some people the return of the stars marks the beginning of the new year.,Ki ētahi iwi ko te hokinga ake o ngā whetu kē ka tohu i te tīmatanga o te tau hou.
"However, since Matariki is visible in the sky, that does not mean that it is the right time for celebrations, this is determined by the phases of the moon.","Heoi anō, i te mea e kitea ana a Matariki i te rangi, ehara tērā i te tohu koia te wā tika mō ngā mahi whakanui, ka tohua kēngia tēnei e ngā wāhanga o te marama."
The other time for celebrations falls a few days after the first rising of Matariki in the huapae.,Ko te wā kē mō ngā mahi whakanui ka taka i ētahi rā i muri mai o te aranga tuatahi o Matariki i te huapae.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Life and death,Te ora me te mate
Māori believed that the rising of Matariki into the sky on the eve of New Year's Eve marked the beginning of the Māori New Year.,"I whakapono te Māori e tohu ana te whakakau ake o Matariki ki te rangi i te atapō i wē-takurua i Te Mātahi o te Tau, te tīmatanga o te Tau Hou Māori."
"The astrologer has found the rise of Matariki in the morning, and has carefully studied the shape of each star.","Kua kimi te tohunga kōkōrangi i te aranga ake o Matariki i te atapō, kua āta mātai i te āhua o tēnā me tēnā whetū."
"Through these studies, the conditions of the coming year can be predicted, such as the weather and the state of the harvest.","Mā ēnei mātaitanga e matapaetia ai ngā āhuatanga o te tau kei te tū mai, pērā i te huarere me te āhua o te hauhaketanga."
"Matariki is a time of remembrance, celebration and celebrations.","Ko Matariki te wā o te whakamaharatanga, te haumakotanga me ngā mahi whakanui."
There are three main points:,E toru ngā mea tino hiranga:
Remembering those who have:,Te mahara ki te hunga kua riro:
Go to the threshold of Matariki and Rehua.,"Haere atu rā e koro ki te paepae o Matariki, o Rehua."
Go away.,Haere atu rā.
"Farewell old man, go to the threshold of Matariki, of Rehua.","Farewell old man, go to the threshold of Matariki, of Rehua."
Farewell.,Farewell.
"When the Maori first saw Matariki, it was a mourning for those who had died since his resurrection last year.","Ko tā te Māori o mua i te kitenga tuatahi i a Matariki, he tangi ki te hunga kua mate mai i tōna aranga ake i te tau ka hori."
"The practice of 'whangai te hautapu' was carried out during this time to remember those who died, a part of which was 'whangai tetu' with carefully prepared food.","I whakahaeretia te tikanga o te ‘whāngai i te hautapu’ i tēnei wā hei whakamaharatanga ki te hunga kua mate, ko tētahi wāhanga ōna ko te ‘whāngai whetū’ ki te kai kua āta whakaritea."
"In 1957, Rangihuna Pire, an elder of Ngā Ruahine in Taranaki, recalled being forced as a child to find Matariki in Kaūpokonui, south of Taranaki:","I te tau 1957, ka mahara ake a Rangihuna Pire, tētahi kaumatua o Ngā Ruahine i Taranaki, ki te heria ōna i a ia e tamariki ana ki te kimi i a Matariki i Kaūpokonui, ki te tonga o Taranaki:"
That will keep the old people awake for a few nights before the stars come up.,Tērā e oho roa ai ngā kaumatua mō ētahi pō nei i mua i te whakakau ake o ngā whetū.
They have made a small arrangement.,Kua mahia e rātou he hāngī iti.
"When the stars were visible, they cried and recited the names of those who had become Matariki since his descent.","Kia kitea ngā whetū, kua tangi, kua taki haere i ngā ingoa o te hunga kua riro ki a Matariki mai i tōna hekenga, kua hukea te hāngī kia āwhiowhio ai tōna kakara ki te whakakaha ake i ngā whetū, kua ngoikore hoki, kua makariri hoki."
Celebrate this season:,Te whakanui i tēnei wā:
"Matariki's food, which he raised up.","Ngā kai a Matariki, nāna i ao ake ki runga."
"The foods of Matariki, by her scooped up.","The foods of Matariki, by her scooped up."
"Once the time to mourn is over, the focus has shifted to Matariki celebrations.","Kia mutu te wā ki te tangi, kua huri te aronga ki ngā mahi whakanui i a Matariki."
"When Matariki fell at the end of the harvest, there was enough food for the feast.","I te takanga o Matariki i te mutunga o te hauhaketanga, ranea ana te kai mō te hākari."
"The people are happy, singing and dancing the karawhiu to celebrate the change of the new year and the new year.","Harikoa ana te iwi, he waiata, he kanikani te karawhiu ki te whakanui i te huringa o te pekanga tau me te tau hou."
Looking to tomorrow:,Te titiro ki āpōpō atu:
"Matariki deutah ascends from the long sky,","Matariki atua ka eke mai i te rangi e roa,"
and descends to the surface of the long year.,E whāngainga iho ki te mata o te tau e roa e.
"Divine Matariki come forth from the far-off heaven,","Divine Matariki come forth from the far-off heaven,"
Bestow the first fruits of the year upon us.,Bestow the first fruits of the year upon us.
Matariki is also the time to prepare for the next year.,Ko Matariki anō te wā e whakariterite ai mō te tau ka takoto ake.
"If it's clear and the stars are shining, it's a good year, a wet year is on the way, food immersion has started in September.","Ki te mārama, ki te taiahoaho ngā whetū, he tau pai, he tau humi kei te haere, kua tīmata te rumaki kai i te Mahuru."
"If it is dusty, if the stars are close, the cold of winter is bad, and the dipping of food is left for November.","Ki te rehurehu, ki te tātata ngā whetū, kua kino te makariri o te takurua, kua waiho te rumaki kai mō te Whiringa-ā-nuku."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Elements of the modern world,Matariki o te ao hou
Matariki was popularly celebrated before the arrival of Europeans in New Zealand and continued until the 1900s.,"I kaingākautia te whakanui i a Matariki i mua i te taenga mai o ngā iwi o Ūropi ki Aotearoa, ka haere tonu tae atu ki ngā tau 1900."
"the 1940s, but local education was still kept by some iwi.","Nā wai, nā wai ka kore haere, ko ngā taiopenga ahurei whakamutunga i tū i ngā tau o te 1940, engari i puritia tonuhia ngā mātauranga o te rohe e ētahi iwi."
"Some new Māori churches, such as the Ringatū church, incorporated aspects of Matariki into their new practices.","I komokomohia e ētahi hāhi Māori hou, pērā i te hāhi Ringatū, ētahi āhuatanga ake o Matariki ki ā rātou tikanga hou."
Enlightenment,Whakarauoratanga
"At the beginning of the 21st century, Māori people began to revive Matariki celebrations as a sign of remembrance, happiness and peace.","I te tīmatanga o te rau tau 21 ka tahuri a ngāi Māori ki te whakarauora ake i ngā mahi whakanui i a Matariki hei tohu i te whakamaharatanga, i te harikoa me te rongomau."
"Tribes, clans and families came together during Matariki to mourn the loss of the lost family, to eat together, to discuss and celebrate Matariki in their communities.","I whakakotahi mai anō ngā iwi, ngā hapu me ngā whanau i te wā ki a Matariki ki te tangi i ērā o te whānau kua riro, ki te kai tahi, ki te wānanga me te whakanui anō i a Matariki i ō rātou hapori."
"Some traditional rituals are carried out early in the morning, to recite the names of those who have died since the resurrection of Matariki, to say goodbye to them, and to cook seasonal foods.","Ka whakahaeretia e ētahi ngā tikanga o mua i te ata iti, ka taki ai i ngā ingoa o te hunga kua mate mai i tērā aranga ake o Matariki, hei poroporoaki i a rātou, me te tunu anō i ngā kai o te kaupeka o te tau."
It is important for the Māori people to revive the community's interest in celebrations.,Hiranga ana te wāhi ki ngā iwi Māori ki te whakarauora ake i te aro atu a te hapori whānui ki ngā mahi whakanui.
"When Te Rangi Huata organized Ngāti Kahungungu's Matariki celebrations in the year 2000, about 500 people participated; in 2003, attendance was 15,000.","I a Te Rangi Huata i whakarite ai i ngā mahi whakanui i a Matariki a Ngāti Kahungungu i te tau 2000, i āhua 500 te hunga i whai wāhi atu; i te tau 2003, 15,000 te hunga i tae ake."
"In 2021, Te Rangi will help organize its 21st celebration, with activities held from the Wairoa to the Wairarapa.","I te tau 2021, ka āwhina a Te Rangi ki te whakarite i tana hui whakanui 21, ko ngā mahi i tū ki te Wairoa ahu atu ki te Wairarapa."
"Te Rangi believed that Matariki was a way to celebrate Māori culture, that is, to unite all the peoples of New Zealand.","I whakapono a Te Rangi i noho huarahi a Matariki hei whakanui i te ahurea Māori, waihoki, ki te whakakotahi i ngā iwi katoa o Aotearoa."
"The books of the astrologer and Māori education expert, Professor Rangi Matamua (Tūhoe), have helped to demonstrate the importance of Matariki in early Māori societies, and its relationship with Māori's understanding of his natural and spiritual world.","Kua āwhina hoki ngā pukapuka a te tohunga tātai arorangi, te mātanga mātauranga Māori, a Ahorangi Rangi Matamua (Tūhoe), ki te taunaki i te hiranga o Matariki ki ngā hapori Māori o mua, me ōna hononga ki te noho mārama a ngāi Māori ki tōna ao māori me te ao wairua."
"Due to the festivals organized by local councils and organizations such as Te Papa Tongarewa, Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori and Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, the focus has shifted to Matariki.","Nā ngā taiopenga hoki kua whakaritea e ngā kaunihera ā-rohe me ngā whakahaere pērā i Te Papa Tongarewa, i Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori me Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, kua huri anō te aronga ki a Matariki."
"Kapa haka performances, mataai tethu, flaming drum, hangī and concerts are held around the island.","Haere ana ngā mahi kapa haka, te mātai whetū, te pahū muramura, te hāngī me te konohete huri noa i te motu."
"In 2017 the firecracker night in Wellington, which was held in November to mark Guy Fawkes Day, was moved to July, in celebration of Matariki.","I te tau 2017 ka nekehia te pō pahū muramura i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, i whakahaeretia nei i te Whiringa-ā-rangi hei tohu i te Rā o Guy Fawkes, ki te Hōngongoi, hei whakanui i a Matariki."
The revitalization of Matariki also played a role in increasing the popularity of pāuka.,I whai wāhi atu anō te whakarauoratia o Matariki ki te whakapiki ake i te kaingākautia o te pākau.
"According to Hekenukumai Busby, an expert on ancient seafaring techniques, the ancestors of the Maori people honored Matariki by sending pauka, just like the Polynesian people of old.","Hei tā Hekenukumai Busby, tētahi tohunga ki ngā tikanga whakatere moana o nehe, i whakanuia e ngā tūpuna o ngāi Māori a Matariki mā te tuku pākau, pērā anō ngā iwi o Poronīhia o nehe."
Public holidays,Hararei tūmatanui
"In 2020, the government announced its intention to hold a public holiday during Matariki to recognize and celebrate the Māori community, the first of which will be held in 2022.","I te tau 2020, ka pānuitia e te kāwanatanga tana whakaaro kia tū he hararei tūmatanui i te wā ki a Matariki ki te whakamihi me te whakanui i te ao Māori, ka tū tuatahi ā te tau 2022."
The Matariki Leadership Team will be established in giving guidance to ministers about the time and manner of celebrating this public holiday.,Ka whakatūria te Rōpū Arataki o Matariki ki te tuku kupu ārahi ki ngā minita mō te wā me te āhua o te whakanui i te hararei tūmatanui nei.
The calendar date for the Matariki public holiday will be shifted by a year to align with the Māori calendar.,"Ka neke te rā o te maramataka mō te hararei tūmatanui o Matariki haere he tau, kia hāngai ai ki te maramataka Māori."
Usually in late June or early July.,Te tikanga hei te tōmuritanga o Pipiri hei te tōmuatanga rānei o Hōngongoi.
The members of the Leadership Team were drawn from all over the island where the knowledge of other peoples and peoples can be learned.,"I tōia mai ngā mema o te Rōpū Arataki i te motu nui tonu e puta ai ngā mātauranga o iwi kē, o iwi kē."
The Māori world is open to the internet - if they have a phone or a computer.,Kua tuwhera te ao Māori ki te ipurangi – mena he waea he rorohiko tā rātou.
"There has also been a Māori and Māori Google desktop, as well as people's strategies for building the site.","Kua puta hoki he papamahi reo Māori me te Māori Google, tae atu ki ngā rautaki a te hunga ki te hanga i te tauwāhi."
New Zealand Māori use the internet to contact whānau in Australia.,Rawe kē ki ngā Māori o Aotearoa ipurangi ki te whakapā ki ngā whānau kei Ahitereiria.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Māori use of IT,Te whakamahi a te Māori i te IT
"Although many Māori were quick to adopt internet technology (IT), there were many reasons why Māori in general were slower to take up the internet than other peoples.","Ahakoa he nui te Māori i tere hopu i te hangarau ipurangi (IT), he maha anō ngā take i pōturi te kapo ake a te iwi Māori whānui i te ipurangi i ērā atu iwi."
This creates a 'digital divide' between Māori and other New Zealanders.,Nō konei ka hua tētahi ‘wehenga matihiko’ i waenganui i te Māori me ērā atu iwi o Aotearoa.
Universities have made an effort to provide computers for Māori to use and study technology.,Kua whakapau kaha ngā wānanga ki te tuku i ngā rorohiko hei whakamahi mā ngā Māori me te ako i te mātauranga hangarau.
This is the effort of some tribes.,Koinei anō te whakapau kaha a ētahi iwi.
NZMIS is the leading Māori advocate for the internet.,Ko NZMIS te kaitaunaki matua a te Māori mō te ipurangi.
There is also a website called Nekeneke.,Arā anō te pae tukutuku ko Nekeneke.
Here is a place to discuss.,Kei konei tētahi wāhi hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
This was started by Huarahi Tika Trust. Te Huarahi Tika arose from the desire of Māori to use New Zealand's frequencies.,I tīmatahia tēnei e Huarahi Tika Trust. I puea ake a Te Huarahi Tika i te hiahia o te Māori ki te whakamahi i ngā iarere o Aotearoa.
A virtual court,He marae mariko
"If people live far from their tūrangawaewae, they can still connect with their marae on public internet pages.","Me he noho tawhiti te tangata mai i o rātou tūrangawaewae, ka taea tonu e rātou te hono atu ki ō rātou marae i runga i ngā whārangi ipurangi ā-iwi."
"Lots of information, history, civil registration information, discussion points, information on Treaty of Waitangi issues and Māori language advice.","He maha ngā pārongo, ngā hītori, ngā pārongo rēhita ā-iwi, ngā wāhi whakawhiti kōrero, ngā kōrero e pā ana ki ngā kokoraho Tiriti o Waitangi me ngā tohutohu reo Māori."
There are many websites that support te reo Māori.,He nui noa atu ngā whārangi ipurangi e tautoko ana i te reo Māori.
Māori are eager to use the internet – the Māori King has a Bebo page.,He hikaka te Māori ki te whakamahi i te ipurangi – he whārangi Bebo tō te Kīngi Māori.
"KAREN is a fast internet connection used by universities, libraries, research centres, schools and museums in New Zealand.","He hononga ipurangi hohoro a KAREN e whakamahia ana e ngā whare wānanga, whare pukapuka, pūtahi rangahau, kura, whare taonga hoki o Aotearoa."
Māori use this page for discussions.,Ka whakamahi ngā Māori i tēnei whārangi mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro.
Tribal rights,Mana whakairo ā-iwi
Other peoples have used Māori pictures and stories.,Kua whakamahia e iwi kē atu ngā pikitia me ngā kōrero a te Māori.
Te Reo Māori,Te Reo Māori
It will take some time before the recipe will be available online.,Ka roa te wā kātahi ka wātea mai te tohutō ki runga i te ipurangi.
"In 2009, it became available on Windows, Microsoft Office and Google.","I te tau 2009, ka wātea mai i runga i a Windows, Microsoft Office me Google."
The most commonly used secondary domain addresses are .maori.nz and .iwi.nz.,Ko ngā wāhitau tūranga tuarua ka kaha whakamahia ko te .
NZMIS is responsible for setting the highest address level: .aa.,maori.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Participate in technology,Whai wāhi ki te hangarau
Māori are a people with a strong technological background.,He iwi whai kaha te Māori ki te ao hangarau.
"However, the computer world is somewhat different.",Heoi he āhua rerekē te ao rorohiko.
"Tribes, Māori organizations and individuals are promoting the presentation of te reo Māori on the internet.","Ko ngā iwi, ngā whakahaerenga Māori me ngā tāngata takitahi kei te whakapūmau i te whakaaturanga o te reo Māori ki runga i te ipurangi."
"However, the Māori people are behind other peoples in terms of using the internet in New Zealand.",Heoi kei muri te iwi Māori i ētahi atu iwi mō te whakamahi i te ipurangi ki Aotearoa nei.
Māori representation,Te whai kanohi a te Māori
The main Māori face on the Internet is Te Whānau Internetari o Aotearoa (New Zealand Māori Internet Society).,Ko te kanohi matua a te Māori ki te ao ipurangi ko Te Whānau Ipurangi o Aotearoa (New Zealand Maori Internet Society).
This group was established in 1997.,He mea whakatū tēnei rōpū i te tau 1997.
In 2003 another group was established called the Aotearoa Māori Internet Organisation.,I te tau 2003 ka whakatūhia tētahi atu rōpū e kīia ana ko Aotearoa Māori Internet Organisation.
Later they joined The Internet Family of New Zealand.,Whai muri ka hono tahi ki Te Whanau Ipurangi o Aotearoa.
The World Internet Family was involved in the development of the second-ranking sites .,I whai wāhi Te Whānau Ipurangi o te Ao ki te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tauwāhi tūranga tuarua o .
maori.,maori.
nz and .iwi.nz.,nz me .iwi.nz.
"His role is to manage communications between government groups to oversee the Māori world, and information technology (IT) and communications.","Ko tāna mahi he whakahaere i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenganui i ngā rōpū a te kāwanatanga hei tirotiro i te ao Māori, me te hangarau pārongo (IT), kōrero hoki."
"Later, Te Waka Wahine Wā-Hangarau (Society for Professional Maori Women in Information Technology) was created to represent Maori women in the Internet world.",Nō muri mai ka hangaia a Te Waka Wahine Wā-Hangarau (Society for Professional Maori Women in Information Technology) hei kanohi mō te wahine Māori i roto i te ao ipurangi.
The Right Way Trust,Te Huarahi Tika Trust
"The Māori spectrum trustee group, Te Huarahi Tika Trust, was established in 2000 to empower Māori to purchase the third generation spectrum (3G) spectrum that is being purchased by the Crown (with 3G the faster data transfer).","I whakatūhia te rōpū kaitiaki mō ngā iarere tūāwhiorangi Māori, arā Te Huarahi Tika Trust i te tau 2000 hei whakamana i te Māori ki te hoko i te reanga tuatoru o te tūāwhiorangi (3G) aratuku e hokona ana e te Karauna (mā te 3G ka tere ake te whakawhitinga o ngā raraunga)."
Māori sought a part of the spectrum below the Treaty of Waitangi.,I rapu te Māori ki tētahi wāhi o te tūāwhiorangi ki raro i te Tiriti o Waitangi.
In 2008 Te Huarahi Tika organized a national conference on the information technology industry in 2008.,Nō te tau 2008 ka whakaritea e Te Huarahi Tika te hui ā-motu e pā ana ki te ahumahi hangarau pārongo i te tau 2008.
They established the website www.nekeneke.,"Ka whakatūhia e rātou te whārangi ipurangi www.nekeneke.com hei āwhina i te Māori i roto i te hangarau pārongo ki te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro, kōrero hoki."
com to help Māori in technology.,He hea ōna kei roto i te kamupene kōtuinga waea pūkoro 2degrees.
The digital divide,Te wehenga mamati
In 2003 Māori were defined as a people who do not use the internet much.,I te tau 2003 ka tautuhia ko te Māori tētahi iwi kaore e kaha whakamahi i te ipurangi.
"This situation occurred because the majority of Māori did not have access to the internet and information technology due to lack of telephones, low income and lack of education.","I tū tēnei āhuatanga nā te mea kāre i whai wāhi te nuinga o te Māori ki te ipurangi me ngā mahi hangarau pārongo i runga i te kore waea, te iti o te pūtea me te kore eke ki ngā taumata o te mātauranga."
"In 2001, 25.3 percent of Māori had internet at home, and 45.5 percent of Europeans.","I te tau 2001, 25.3 ōrau o te Māori he ipurangi kei te kāinga, ā, ko te iwi Pākehā e 45.5 ōrau."
"Other people, 70.4 percent of them have internet.",Ko ētahi iwi atu e 70.4 ōrau rahi he ipurangi nō rātou.
"According to a 2007 World Internet Project report, 62 percent of Māori, 72 percent of Pacific Islanders, 77 percent of Europeans and 94 percent of Asians have internet access.","E ai ki te pūrongo a te World Internet Project i te tau 2007, 62 ōrau o ngā Māori, 72 ōrau o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, 77 ōrau o ngā Pākehā me te 94 ōrau o ngā iwi o Ahia he ipurangi ā rātou kei te kāinga."
they are at home.,"Ko ngā rangatahi, ngā hunga whai rawa, noho tāone hoki te hunga e mau ana i te ipurangi."
Closing the gap,Te kati i te wehenga
Many initiatives have been launched to introduce the digital age.,He maha ngā kaupapa whakaaro kua whakarewahia hei whakatūtaki i te tauwehenga mamati.
Universities have a key role in introducing the digital age – in 2000 Raukawa University received an award for providing computers and training classes to all students and teachers.,He tūranga matua tō ngā wānanga ki te whakatūtaki i te tauwehenga mamati – i te tau 2000 ka whakawhiwhia Te Wānanga o Raukawa i tētahi tohu mō te whakarato i ngā rorohiko me ngā akomanga whakangungu ki ngā tauira me ngā kaiako katoa.
"EDS (an information technology company), the Māori Education Program and Te Puni Kōkiri offer scholarships to Māori students pursuing information technology.","Ka tukuna e EDS (he kamupene hangarau pārongo), te Kaupapa Mātauranga mō te Iwi Māori me Te Puni Kōkiri ngā karahipi ki ngā tauira Māori e whai ana i te hangarau pārongo."
This is a project that has been pursued by iwi.,He kaupapa tēnei kua whāia e ngā iwi.
"For example, Te Whānau-a-Apanui has teamed up with the company Cisco Systems to teach young Māori about Cisco network systems.","Hei tauira, ka whakakotahi mai a Te Whānau-a-Apanui me te kamupene a Cisco Systems ki te ako i ngā rangatahi Māori i ngā pūnaha whatunga a Cisco."
They established the Cyberwaka Training Academy in the Māori town of Te Wairoa.,Nā rātou i whakatū te Cyberwaka Training Academy ki te tāone Māori o Te Wairoa.
Because of that there will be more computers for the internet called Wairoa.com.,Nō konā ka tokomaha ake ngā rorohiko mō te ipurangi e kīīa ana ko Wairoa.com.
School,Kura
"There is also an information technology support task for the Eastern Wharekuras, schools and remote schools that provide computer equipment and video and audio conferencing support.","Tērā hoki tētahi tūmahi tautoko hangarau pārongo mō ngā wharekura, ngā paerangi me ngā kura momotu o te Tai Rāwhiti e whakarato ana i ngā taputapu rorohiko, me ngā tautoko hui ataata, kōtuitui hoki."
"Because of this, teachers can study together with students from other schools, and to learn difficult topics - the resources of kura kaupapa Māori are very limited, but there is a lot of information technology in kura kaupapa.","Nā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaiako te ako tahi me ngā tauira o kura kē, ki te ako hoki i ngā kaupapa uaua – he tino whāiti ngā māhita o ngā kura kaupapa Māori, heoi he nui te hangarau pārongo ki roto i ngā kura kaupapa."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
The division of nations,Te kōtuitui i ngā iwi
"In the past, whānau and hapū lived within the confines of the tribal area.","I ngā wā ō mua, ka noho ngā whānau me ngā hapū ki roto i te maru o te rohe ā-iwi."
"In the middle of the 20th century, Māori moved from the countryside to the cities.","Nō te pokapūtanga o te rau tau 1900, ka nuku ngā Māori mai i ngā taiwhenua ki ngā tāone."
"Because of this, many Māori lived outside their home areas.",Nō konei ka noho te tokomaha o ngā Māori ki waho i ō rātou rohe kāinga ake.
"Descendants stay close to the iwi by returning to the marae for hui, funerals and family gatherings.","Ka noho tata ngā uri ki te iwi mā te hokihoki ki ngā marae mō ngā hui, ngā tangihanga me ngā hui whānau."
There are also tribal groups in the cities that are called rope-ties.,Arā anō ngā rōpū ā-iwi kei ngā tāone e kīīa ana he taura-here.
"However, the internet will bring together generations.",Heoi mā te ipurangi anō hei whakakotahi mai i ngā uri.
A virtual court,He marae mariko
Descendants of clans and tribes can connect to their marae online.,Ka taea e ngā uri o ngā hapū me ngā iwi ki te hono ki ō rātou marae i runga i te ipurangi.
Another popular website is naumaiplace.com.,Ko tētahi pae tukutuku e kaha whakamahia ana ko te naumaiplace.com.
His goal is to register all marae in the country so that descendants can have access to the stories of their marae.,"Ko tōna whāinga, kia rēhitatia katoa ngā marae huri i te motu kia āhei ngā uri te whai wāhi ki ngā kōrero a ō rātou marae."
He also wants to unite whānau and marae around the world.,He hiahia anō tōna kia whakakotahi i ngā whānau me ngā marae huri noa i te ao.
"On Old Friends it is also possible to connect to a marae, job position or school.","I runga i a Old Friends ka taea hoki te hono atu ki tētahi marae, tūranga mahi, kura rānei."
There is also a discussion section on the internet that promotes Māori issues.,Kei runga anō i te ipurangi te wāhanga kōrero e whakatairanga ake ana i ngā take Māori.
Aotearoa Café is a website that expresses their opinions differently from those of the media.,He pae tukutuku a Aotearoa Café e whakaputa ana i ō rātou whakaaro rerekē ki ērā o te hunga pāpāho.
Public websites,Ngā pae tukutuku ā-iwi
Each tribe has its own website.,He pae tukutuku tō tēnā iwi tō tēnā.
There are many different name positions.,He maha ngā tūranga ingoa rerekē.
"Other than iwi.nz, maori.","Atu i te iwi.nz, ko te maori."
"nz, .co.nz and .com: For example:","nz, te .co.nz me te .com: Hei tauira:"
Muaupoko – www.,Muaūpoko – www.
muaupoko.iwi.nz,muaupoko.iwi.nz
Ngai Takoto – www.ngaitakoto.,Ngāi Takoto – www.ngaitakoto.
com,com
Te Terarawa – www.terarawa.co.nz,Te Rarawa – www.terarawa.co.nz
Ngai Tai – www.ngaitai.,Ngāi Tai – www.ngaitai.
maori.,maori.
nz,nz
Ngāi Te Rangi – www.ngaiterangi.org.nz,Ngāi Te Rangi – www.ngaiterangi.org.nz
information about iwi - notices and calendars,ngā pārongo e pā ana ki te iwi – ngā pānui me ngā maramataka
court lines,ngā rārangi marae
the history of the people,te hītori o te iwi
registration information,ngā pārongo rēhita
public goods,ngā taonga hokohoko a te iwi
information about the Treaty of Waitangi and fishing money,ngā pārongo e pā ana ki te Tiriti o Waitangi me ngā moni ika
parts of the story,ngā wāhanga kōrero
the revival of the national language.,te whakaoratanga anō o te reo ā-iwi.
"Although public websites are different, they have the same organization.","Ahakoa te rerekē o ngā pae tukutuku ā-iwi, he ōrite ō rātou whakahaerenga."
Public websites include:,Kei roto i ngā pae tukutuku ā-iwi:
Language resources,Ngā rauemi reo
Many tribes have set up websites for the revival of their own language.,He maha ngā iwi kua whakatū i ngā pae tukutuku mō te whakaoranga ake o tō rātou ake reo.
Your Ngāi Tahu is the website of Kotahi Mano Kāika.,Ko tō Ngāi Tahu ko te pae tukutuku o Kotahi Mano Kāika.
"Their goal is to have 1,000 Ngāi Tahu Māori language centers by 2025.",Ko tō rātou aronga kia kotahi mano ngā whare kōrero Māori o Ngāi Tahu tae noa ki te tau 2025.
Taranaki Reo is also a website that shows language learning strategies.,Ko Taranaki Reo anō tētahi pae tukutuku e whakaatu ana i ngā rautaki ako reo.
It includes an outline of important dates and a digital video to help students learn the Taranaki language.,Kei roto e whakaraupapahia ana ngā rā whai hiranga me tētahi whitiāhua mamati hei āwhina i ngā tauira ki te mau i te reo o Taranaki.
A virtual meeting,He hui mariko
"University staff and researchers make extensive use of a connection called KAREN, a high-speed Internet connection used by New Zealand's universities, libraries, research centres, schools and museums.","E kaha whakamahi ana ngā kaimahi me ngā kairangahau whare wānanga i te hononga e kīia ana ko KAREN, arā, he hononga ipurangi hohoro e whakamahia ana e ngā whare wānanga, whare pukapuka, pūtahi rangahau, kura, whare taonga hoki o Aotearoa."
"In Manu Ao's meeting, Māori workers and Māori researchers can exchange ideas on KAREN.","I roto i te hui a Manu Ao, ka taea e ngā kaimahi Māori me ngā kairangahau Māori te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro i runga i a KAREN."
It's a joke,He whakahahakatanga
"Although there are many ups, there are also many downs associated with the digital age.","Ahakoa he maha ngā piki, he nui anō ngā heke e pā ana ki te ao mamati."
Cybersquatting is a serious problem on websites with Māori names.,He raru nui te cybersquatting i runga i ngā pae tukutuku ingoa Māori.
"Due to interest in place names, Māori place names are sold with the expectation that people interested in those names will also buy them.",Nā te kaikā ki ngā ingoa tūranga ka hokona ngā ingoa tūranga Māori i runga i te whakaaro ka hokona anō e te hunga ngākaunui ki ērā ingoa.
The digitization of Māori concepts is another problem.,He raru anō te whakamamatitanga o ngā ariā Māori.
There have been more and more intellectual property rights issues related to the display of genealogies and the digitization of ancestral portraits on the internet.,Kua maha ake ngā take mōtika whakairoiro hinengaro e pā ana ki te whakaaturanga o ngā whakapapa me te whakamamatitanga o ngā whakaāhua tīpuna i runga i te ipurangi.
"Businesses have used songs, stories and hakas, and Māori concepts are used in computer games.","Kua whakamahia e ngā pakihi ngā waiata, pūrākau me ngā haka, ā, e whakamahia ana ngā ariā Māori i roto i ngā kēmu rorohiko."
The connection,Te tūhonohono
"According to a 2007 study, Māori use social networking sites more than Europeans - similar to Asian people.","E ai ki te rangahau i te tau 2007, he kaha ake te whakamahi a te Māori i ngā pae tukutuku whakahoahoa i te Pākehā – he ōrite ki ngā iwi o Ahia."
"However, the use is stronger among the people of Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.",Heoi he kaha ake te whakamahi o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"Due to the strong use of social networking sites between Māori and Pacific people, the Electoral Enrollment Center confirmed the 2008 elections on Bebo.","Nā te kaha whakamahia o ngā pae tukutuku whakahoahoa i waenganui i te Māori me ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ka whakamanahia e te Electoral Enrolment Centre ngā kōwhiringa o 2008 ki runga i te Bebo."
Bebo also features the Māori king Te Arikinui Tūheitia.,Kei runga i a Bebo hoki te kīngi Māori ko Te Arikinui Tūheitia.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Te reo Māori on the internet,Te reo Māori i runga ipurangi
Māori content,Ngā ihirangi Māori
"In 2009 there were many Māori features on the internet, such as newspapers from the 1800s and 1900s, dictionaries, the first Māori-only dictionary i.e. He pātaka kupu and public language data such as in The Dictionary of the North.","I te tau 2009 he maha ngā āhuatanga Māori i runga i te ipurangi, pērā i ngā niupepa o ngā rautau o 1800 me 1900, ngā papakupu, te papakupu reo-Māori anakē tuatahi arā a He pātaka kupu me ngā raraunga reo ā-iwi pērā i Te Papakupu o Te Tai Tokerau."
The Internet Kit is a resource provider in kura kaupapa Māori.,He kaiwhakarato rauemi a Te Kete Ipurangi i ngā kura kaupapa Māori.
The students will also learn the old and new stories of Te Ao Hou .,"Ka ako hoki ngā tauira i ngā kōrero tawhito, hou hoki o Te Ao Hou."
This is a journal that was published from the 1950s to the 1970s.,He hautaka tēnei i whakaputaina mai i te tekau tau o 1950 ki 1970.
Tips,Ngā tohutō
"The main language of the internet is English, so the Latin alphabet is used.","Ko te reo matua o te ipurangi ko te Ingarihi, nā reira ka whakamahia te tātai reta Latin."
There is no problem in displaying the Māori language because the Pākehā script is also used.,Kāre he raru hei whakaatu i te reo Māori nā te mea i whakamahia hoki te tātai reta Pākehā.
The main problem is to show how long a sound signal is: Here are three ways to show how short or long a sound signal is:,Ko te raru matua ko te whakaatu i te roa o te tō i te tohu oro:
no proof – Maori,kāre he tohu – Maori
letter sounds – Natural,te ororua i te reta – Maaori
using the dictionary - Māori.,te whakamahi i te tohutō – Māori.
"Due to the lack of vowels on the computer, umlauts are used instead - Mäori.","Nā te korekore o ngā tohutō i runga i te rorohiko, ka whakamahia kē ko ngā umlauts – Mäori."
"However, it was in the early 2000s that coupons became more widely used.",Heoi nō ngā tau tōmua o 2000 ka kaha ake te whakamahia o ngā tohutō.
A hat is another name for a hat.,Ko te pōtae anō tētahi ingoa mō te tohutō.
The legacy will be more important to the generation that is learning te reo Māori as a second language.,Ka whai hiranga ake te tohutō ki te whakatipuranga e ako ana i te reo Māori hei ārero tuarua.
Māori software,Ngā pūmanawa rorohiko Māori
On the 29th of November 2005 the Māori version of Windows was released on Microsoft Office.,I te 29 o ngā rā o Noema 2005 ka whakaputaina ngā wāhanga reo Māori o Windows i runga i a Microsoft Office.
"This was held in partnership with Microsoft, Te Taura Whiiri i te Reo Māori and Waikato University.","I tū tēnei i te hononga o Microsoft, Te Taura Whiiri i te Reo Māori me te Whare Wānanga o Waikato."
"On 24 June 2008, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa launched the Māori language screen for Google.","I te 24 o ngā rā o Hune 2008, ka whakarewahia e Te Wānanga o Aotearoa te mata reo Māori mō Google."
This project has been going on for many years before it was managed by TangataWhenua.com.,He maha ngā tau e haere ana tēnei kaupapa i mua i tōna whakahaerehia e TangataWhenua.com.
"This was translated by Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori, the University of Waikato and individuals.","Nā Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori, te Whare Wānanga o Waikato me te hunga takitahi i whakamāori i tēnei."
"In 2008, there was no Māori browser, but there was a Māori example on Firefox.","I te tau 2008, kāre he kairapu reo Māori, heoi tērā tētahi tauira reo Māori i runga i a Firefox."
Wikipedia also has a Māori language section.,He wāhanga reo Māori anō tō Wikipedia.
"This is not a translation, but the readings are gradually integrated into the language.","Ehara tēnei i te whakamāori, engari he mea whakauru haere ngā pānui ki roto i te reo."
Second place Māori names,Ngā ingoa Māori tūranga tuarua
"The top level domain (TLD) is the last part of an internet domain, such as .com or .nz.","Ko te tūranga teitei (TLD) te wāhanga whakamutunga o te tauwāhi ipurangi, pērā i a .com, i a .nz."
The pre-TLD (the 2LD) domain names in New Zealand are .,Ko te ingoa i mua i te TLD (te 2LD) ko ngā ingoa matua i roto o Aotearoa ko .co.nz me .org.nz.
"Māori have two 2LDs, namely .","E rua ngā 2LD a te Māori, arā ko ."
maori.,maori.
nz and iwi.nz.,nz me iwi.nz.
"These 2LDs are launched by the NZMIS, which is the face of Māori on the internet.","He mea whakarewa ēnei 2LD e te NZMIS, arā, te kanohi mō te Māori ki ngā kaupapa ipurangi."
International place names,Ngā ingoa wāhi ā-ao
"Previously, the field name had to be English.","I mua, me Ingarihi te ingoa wāhi tau."
"Later other languages ​​were used, and they were called internationalized domain names (IDNs).","Nō muri mai ka whakamahia ētahi atu reo, a ka kīia he internationalised domain names (IDNs)."
This is why the suffix is ​​added to place names - maori.co.nz and maori.com have changed to māori.com and māori.co.nz.,Nō konei ka whakauruhia te tohutō ki ngā ingoa tau wāhi – kua huri a maori.
Bilingual pledge system,Te pūnaha taunaha reo rua
"In 2007 the NZMIS decided to create the New Zealand domain name system - that is, to open Māori and European URLs.","I te tau 2007 ka whakatau te NZMIS kia hanga i te pūnaha ingoa tauwāhi o Aotearoa – arā me te whakatuwhera i te URL Māori, Pākehā hoki."
It is up to users of the site to choose which one they use.,Mā ngā kaiwhakamahi tau wāhi hei whiriwhiri ko tēhea ka whakamahia e rātou.
The definitions of the two 2LDs are:,Ko ngā whakamāoritanga o ngā 2LD e rua ko:
.co.nz – .work.,.co.nz – .mahi.nz
.net.nz – .ipu.nz,.net.nz – .ipu.nz
.org.nz – .group.,.org.nz – .ropu.
nz,nz
.gen.nz – .noa.,.gen.nz – .noa.
nz,nz
.,.
school.nz – .school.,school.nz – .kura.
nz,nz
.ac.nz – .university.nz or .university.nz.,.ac.nz – .wananga.
The Māori name guarantee system,Te pūnaha taunaha ingoa Māori
At the opening of the high-profile years there was an order that Māori should create their own .com.,Nō te whakatuwheratanga o ngā tau wāhi teitei kua puta te whakahau me hanga te Māori i tōna ake .com.
Names such as .,Kua whakaputahia ngā ingoa pērā i a .maori me .aotearoa hei URL.
The NZMIS has stated that a domain number should be created for New Zealand with the TLD of .aa.,Kua kī te NZMIS me hangaia he tau wāhi mō Aotearoa me te TLD o .aa.
"In the past, Māori studied together in groups with their relatives, according to traditional customs.","I ngā wā o mua ka ako tahi ā-rōpū te Māori i te taha o ana whanaunga, i runga anō i ngā tikanga o tua whakarere."
Only elites are allowed to enter university courses.,Ko te hunga rangatira anake ka tukua kia tomo ki ngā akoranga o te whare wānanga.
"In the years since 2000, wānanga, kōhanga reo, and kura kaupapa Māori have been established, and te reo Māori is the language of instruction for children in these schools.","I ngā tau mai i te tau 2000, kua tū mai ngā wānanga, ngā kōhanga reo, me ngā kura kaupapa Māori, ā, ko te reo Māori te reo whakaako i ngā tamariki i ēnei kura."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Basic Māori education,Mātauranga Māori taketake
"In the past, the tohunga performed the karakia to prepare the child for each and every task in the iwi.","I ngā wā o mua, nā te tohunga ngā karakia whakarite i te tamaiti mō tēnā mahi, mō tēnā mahi māna i roto i te iwi."
The children learn together and are immersed in the rituals of divorce.,"Ka ako tahi ngā tamariki, ka rumakina ki ngā kawa o tua whakarere."
The doors of the university are open only to children of the upper classes.,He puare ngā tatau o te whare wānanga ki ngā tamariki nō ngā kāwai rangatira anake.
Missionary and non-religious schools,"Ngā kura mīhana, tauiwi hoki"
Missionary Thomas Kendall founded the first European school for Māori in Pēwhairangi in 1816.,Nā te mihinare nā Thomas Kendall te kura Pākehā tuatahi mō ngā Māori i waihanga ki Pēwhairangi i te tau 1816.
"By the 1830s, the country was covered with mission schools.","Nō te tekau tau 1830, kapi katoa te whenua i ngā kura mīhana."
"In 1847 the government began supporting mission schools to provide evangelism, industrial training and English lessons.","I te 1847 ka tīmata te tautoko a te kāwanatanga i ngā kura mīhana ki te whakarato i te rongopai, ki te whakangungu mō ngā ahumahi me ngā akoranga reo Ingarihi."
"In 1858, it was decided that Māori students had to stay in their schools.",Nō te tau 1858 kua tau me noho pōri rawa ngā tauira Māori ki ō rātou kura.
"Māori schools, 1867 to 1969","Ngā kura Māori, te tau 1867 ki te tau 1969"
In 1867 the Māori school system was established.,I te tau 1867 ka whakatūria te pūnaha kura Māori.
"Since 1894, the law has mandated that Māori children go to school in peace.","Mai i te tau 1894 ka whakahau te ture, me haere mārire te tamariki Māori ki te kura."
They are taught English and killed for speaking Māori.,"Ka whakaakona rātou ki te reo Pākehā, ā, ka patua mō te korero Māori."
"These schools have no results; the kaiako are incompetent, they end up with a dirty nose, and the lessons are just a cleaning job.","Kāore he hua o ēnei kura; he koretake ngā kaiako, ka mutu he ihu oneone, he mahi horoi noa iho ngā akoranga."
In the 1930s secondary school became free but Māori still did not participate.,Nō te tekau tau 1930 ka kore-utu te kura tuarua engari kāore tonu te Māori i whai wāhi atu.
From 1941 secondary school sections were opened to some Māori schools.,Mai i te tau 1941 ka tuwhera ngā wāhanga kura tuarua ki ētahi kura Māori.
In 1969 the management of Māori schools fell under the control of local school boards.,I te tau 1969 ka taka te whakahaere o ngā kura Māori ki raro i ngā poari kura ā-rohe.
Māori religious schools,Ngā kura hāhi Māori
"The first Māori schools were established in the 1800s, as mission schools.","Nō te rautau 1800 ka whakatūria ngā kura Māori tuatahi, hei kura mīhana."
It was Te Aute who championed the study of education and brought Māori children to European universities.,Ko Te Aute tērā i whakaihuwaka mō te ako i te mātauranga me te whakaputa i ngā ihu o te tamariki Māori ki ngā whare wānanga Pākehā.
"However, the Government continued to encourage these schools to focus on vocational training.","Heoi anō, i āki tonu te Kāwanatanga i ēnei kura kia arotahi ki ngā akoranga mahi ā-ringa."
"When Māori moved to the towns in the 1940s, Māori children went to secondary schools.","Kia maunu haere te Māori ki ngā tāone noho ai i te tekau tau 1940, kātahi ka haere te tamariki Māori ki ngā kura tuarua."
"By the early 2000s, some of the Māori religious schools had closed.","Tae rawa ake ki ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 2000, kua kati ētahi o ngā kura hāhi Māori."
Te kaupapa Māori,Te kaupapa Māori
Since the 1980s Māori education has expanded to include:,Mai i te tekau tau 1980 ka whātoro ake anō te mātauranga Māori i te:
kōhanga reo,kōhanga reo
kura kaupapa Māori,kura kaupapa Māori
Māori universities.,whare wānanga Māori.
These were created by the Māori themselves before the government took over.,Nā te Māori tonu ēnei i waihanga i mua tonu i te tahuri mai a te kāwanatanga.
In 2011 Te Wānanga o Aotearoa was the second largest university in New Zealand.,I te tau 2011 ko Te Wānanga o Aotearoa te wānanga tuarua nui ake o Aotearoa.
Temporary developments,Ngā whanaketanga mohoa noa
Due to the rapid growth of the Māori sector there are not enough resources and Māori language teachers for all Māori language organizations.,Nā te tipu matomato o te wāhanga reo Māori kua kore anō e rahi ngā rauemi me ngā kaiako reo Māori mō ngā whakahaere reo Māori katoa.
Many reports say that Māori are not reaching the standards of the education system.,E mea ana te tini o ngā pūrongo kāore te Māori i te eke ki ngā taumata o te pūnaha mātauranga.
"However, it seems that those who attend Māori schools are more likely than those who attend mainstream schools.","Ahakoa rā, te āhua nei he momoho ake ērā e haere ana ki ngā kura Māori i ērā kei ngā kura auraki."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Education in the early Māori world,Te mātauranga i te ao Māori o mua
Study methods,Ngā tikanga ako
In the old days there was a method of reduction for all important things.,I ngā rā o mua he tikanga whakaheke mō ngā mea nui katoa.
These are traditions that have been around for centuries.,He tikanga ēnei i kunea mai i ngā rautau maha.
"The learning process begins in the womb, as the mother sings a poem to the child who has not yet been born.","Ko te tukanga ako ka huataki i te kōpū, i te māmā e waiata oriori ana ki te tamaiti kāore anō kia whererei."
"When the child is born, the priest prepares the child's way into the iwi.","Kia whānau te tamaiti, mā te tohunga e whakarite te huarahi o te tamaiti ki roto ki te iwi."
"To become stronger and be gradually mobilized in the activities of the hapu and the iwi; such as gathering food, harvesting and preparing food, weaving, carving and being a warrior.","Kia pakari haere ka āta whakakorikoritia ki ngā mahi a te hapū me te iwi; pērā i te kohi kai, i te hauhake me te taka kai, te raranga, te whakairo me te tū hei toa pakanga."
Beers are used and trained.,"Ka whakamahia, ka whakangungua hoki ngā pia."
Through play and practice they will sharpen their skills in adult activities.,Mā ngā tākaro me ngā whakaharatau ka whakakoi rātou ki ngā mahi a te pakeke.
Terms and conditions,Ngā tikanga me te whāngainga
"A ceremony will be held to mark the levels reached in the learning process, such as a beer tasting.","Ka tū tētahi kawa hei tohu i ngā taumata ka ekea i te tukanga ako, pēnei i te whakamātau pia."
"The lessons are shared, and fathers, mothers and elders participate equally in the lessons.","He mea tuku ngātahi ngā akoako, ā, he rite tonu te whai wāhi mai ngā a ngā pāpā, a ngā whāea me ngā kaumātua ki ngā akoako."
"Based on the nature of the tapu, they are carefully adapted to all its tikanga.","I runga i ngā āhua o te tapu, ka āta whāngaia rātou ki ōna tikanga katoa."
The Māori are a people with traditional stories.,He iwi kōrero tuku iho te Māori.
"His history, his talents and his behavior are in song, proverb, old story, legend and genealogy.","Ko ōna hītori, ko ōna pūmanawa me ōna whanonga kei roto i te waiata, te whakataukī, te kōrero tawhito, te pūrākau me te whakapapa."
The university,Te whare wānanga
The university is where the student is fed solid food.,Ko te whare wānanga te wāhi e whāngaia ai te tauira ki te kai mārō.
The students come from the ruling class of the people.,Ko ngā tauira ka ahu mai i ngā kāwai rangatira o te iwi.
"The student must also be a humanist who can hold various waiata, karakia, whakapapa and old stories that will make him a tohunga.","Me ihumanea hoki te tauira e mau ai ngā momo waiata, karakia, whakapapa me ngā kōrero tawhito e mana ai ia hei tohunga."
"According to a story of Ngāti Kahungunu, Tāne ascended to Te Toi-o-ngārangi, that is, to the tropical sky.","E ai ki tētahi kōrero o Ngāti Kahungunu ka kake ake a Tāne ki Te Toi-o-ngā-rangi, arā, ki te rangi ngahuru mā rua."
There he took three baskets of wānanga and two tukukura.,I reira ka naomia e ia ngā kete e toru o te wānanga me ngā whatukura e rua.
"The baskets came from a house called Mātangireia, and the stones came from another house called Rangiātea.","Ko ngā kete i ahu mai i te whare ko Mātangireia, ā, ko ngā kōhatu i ahu mai i tētahi atu whare ko Rangiātea te ingoa."
"Then Tane descended from the heavens and hung the baskets and stones in Wharekura; a house in the second heaven, in Rangitāmaku.","Kātahi ka heke a Tāne i ngā rangi, ā, whakairia rawatia ngā kete me ngā kōhatu ki Wharekura; he whare kei te rangi tuarua, kei Rangitāmaku."
"Ruatepupuke founded the first human university in Te Hono-i-Wairua, also called Wharekura.","Ko te whare wānanga tuatahi o te ao tangata nā Ruatepupuke i waihanga ki Te Hono-i-Wairua, ko Wharekura anō te ingoa."
Te Rāwheoro ki Ūawa is perhaps the most famous university in New Zealand.,"Ko Te Rāwheoro ki Ūawa te whare wānanga rongonui rawa pea, i Aotearoa nei."
The purpose of the university,Te kaupapa o te whare wānanga
"Each tribe has a wānanga, and each has its own name.","He wānanga tō ia iwi, ā, he ingoa ake tō tēnā, tō tēnā."
"There are other learning centers such as the bora (weaving) center, the māta (hunting birds and fish) center and the kōkōrangi math center.","Arā atu ētahi whare ako pērā i te whare pora (raranga), te whare mātā (te hopu manu me te ika) me te whare tātai kōkōrangi."
"The students are very selective, and the organizations are taken outside the temple on tapu.","He mea tīpako rawa ngā tauira, ā, ka kawea ngā whakahaere ki waho o te pā i runga i te tapu."
"During the winter, the drills will take place from dawn to dusk.","Hei te hōtoke tū ai ngā akoako, mai anō i te ata hāpara tae noa ki te tūhoetanga o te rā."
"The whakapapa, te tatai atua, traditional stories are called by the tohunga and his taura for the students to catch.","Ko te whakapapa, ko te tātai atua, ko ngā kōrero tuku iho ka huaina e te tohunga me ōna taura hei hopu mā ngā tauira."
The last universities of Ukiuki were established in the last part of the 19th century.,Ko ngā whare wānanga whakamutunga o ukiuki i tū i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te rautau 1800.
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Missionaries,Ngā mihinare
"Mission schools, European education","Ngā kura mīhana, te mātauranga Pākehā"
The first school for Māori in New Zealand was founded by Thomas Kendall of the Anglican Church in Rangihoua in Pēwhairangi in 1816.,Ko te kura tuatahi mō te Māori i Aotearoa nā Thomas Kendall o te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare i whakatū ki Rangihoua ki Pēwhairangi i te tau 1816.
Kendall used rote learning to teach reading and writing .,"Ka whakamahia e Kendall te tikanga ako ā-tūī, arā, rote learning, hei whakaako i te pānui me te tuhi, ā, ka whakapirihia atu ko ngā kōrero karaipiture."
"writing, and adding scripture references.","E ai ki te kōrero he uaua ki a Kendall te hopu i ngā taringa o ana tauira, ka mutu, i haere te kura i ngā wā anake o te whiwhi kai, i āhei ai a Kendall ki te whāngai i āna tauira."
"It is said that it was difficult for Kendall to get the attention of his students, and finally, the school only went to meal times, so Kendall was able to feed his students.","I tū ngā akoranga i te ata me te ahiahi, ā, he kohi kai te mahi i te awatea."
"Lessons were held in the morning and in the evening, and food was collected during the day.",Nā Kendall tonu i tuhi ngā puka tuatahi ki roto ki te reo Māori hei whakamahi ki tana akomanga.
Kendall himself wrote the first forms in te reo Māori for use in his classroom.,E rua tau e haere ana te kura o Kendall ka kati.
Kendall's school was closed for two years.,Nō te tekau tau 1830 he maha ngā kura ka tāpirihia ki ngā whare mīhana puta noa i te motu.
In the 1830s many schools were added to the mission houses throughout the country.,"I te tau 1822 ka tū ngā kura o ngā Metoriti, me ērā o ngā Katorika i te tau 1838."
Passionate about writing and reading,Te kai-ngākau ki te tuhituhi me te pānui
It wasn't long before Māori became interested in reading and writing.,Kāore i roa ka kaingākautia e te Māori te pānui me te tuhituhi.
"Apart from the view of the missionaries, for them this was a way to the scriptures, however, the Māori wanted the new world and its ships, guns and iron tools.","Hāunga ia te tiro a ngā mihinare, ki a rātou he huarahi tēnei ki ngā karaipiture, heoi anō, ka hiahia kē te Māori ki te ao hōu me ōna kaipuke, ki ōna pū, taputapu rino hoki."
"When the students left these schools, they rebuilt schools in their own homes.",I te putanga o ngā tauira o ēnei kura ka hangaia anō e rātou ngā kura ki ō rātou ake kāinga.
"When the missionary and Māori protector George Clarke visited Waikato and Hauraki around 1840, he found almost all Māori villages had schools.","I te haerenga o te mihinare me te kaiwhakaruru iwi Māori a George Clarke ki roto o Waikato me Hauraki i te takiwā o 1840, tata tonu i te katoa o ngā kāinga Māori i kitea e ia he whai kura."
"According to the example in the 1840s, one half of the Māori people knew how to read and write.","E ai ki te tauira i ngā tau o 1840, kotahi haurua o te iwi Māori i mōhio ki te pānui me te tuhituhi."
"Most of the lessons were in the Māori language, but due to the lack of resources other than the scriptures, Māori did not attend English schools from the 1840s.","Ko te nuinga o ngā akoranga he reo Māori, engari nā te korekore o ngā rauemi atu i ngā karaipiture, kua kore haere e aronui atu te Māori ki ngā kura Pākehā, mai i te tekau tau 1840."
Governor Gray,Ko Kāwana Kerei
Harry Gray was the governor of New Zealand from 1845 to 1853 and from 1860 to 1868.,Ko Hōri Kerei te kāwana o Niu Tīreni i ngā tau o 1845 ki 1853 me ngā tau o 1860 ki 1868.
He was the advocate of the government's racist laws in the early years of European settlement.,Koia te kaiwhao i ngā ture kaikiri a te kāwanatanga i ngā tau tōmua o te noho Pākehā.
"According to the laws he created, Māori were excluded from the education system until the 1930s.","I runga i ngā ture i waihangatia e ia, ka whakawaimehatia te Māori ki roto ki te pūnaha mātauranga, ā, tae noa ki ngā tau o 1930."
"The belief at that time was that the Europeans were a stronger race, and there was great respect for the Māori to call themselves brown Britons.","Ko te whakapono o tērā tāima he iwi kaha ake te Pākehā, ā, he hōnore nui mō te Māori kia huaina rātou he Piritana parauri."
"Finally, in the middle of the 1840's the door to anger opened, and it was thought that education was the way to tame the Māori.","Ka mutu, i waenganui i te tekau tau 1840 ka tuwhera te tāwaha o te riri, ā, ka whakaarotia ko te mātauranga te huarahi hei whakarata i te Māori."
There are also recommendations that the government prepares to use Māori to work on the soil for the new wetland.,Arā hoki ngā taunaki e whakarite ana te kāwanatanga ki te whakamahi i te Māori ki ngā mahi ihu oneone mō te whenua maru hou.
The Education Act 1847,Te Ture Mātauranga 1847
"Due to lack of government funds, Gray established a network of mission schools through the Education Ordinance 1847, based on four principles:","Nā te kore moni o te kāwanatanga, ka taituarā a Kerei i te whatunga kura mīhana mā te ture Education Ordinance 1847, i runga anō i ngā mātāpono e whā:"
faith must be advised,me tohutohu i te whakapono
and training for industries,me whakangungu mō ngā ahumahi
must be instructed in English,me tohutohu ki te reo Ingarihi
government delays should be allowed.,me āhei ngā whakatewhanga kāwanatanga.
The Māori Schools Act 1858,Te Ture Kura Māori 1858
This system was carried forward under the Māori Schools Act of 1858.,Ka kawea whakamua tēnei punaha i raro i te Ture Kura Māori o 1858.
"It provided 7,000 pounds to schools, and required Māori students to leave their homes and go to boarding schools.","I whakaratohia te 7,000 pāuna ki ngā kura, me te whakahau me wehe rawa ngā tauira Māori i ō rātou kāinga ki ngā kura noho ai."
"By 1851, there were 700 to 800 Māori students in government schools, fewer than those attending mission schools in the 1830s.","Taka mai ki te tau 1851, e 700 ki te 800 ngā tauira Māori o ngā kura a te kāwanatanga, ā, he iti iho i ērā i haere ki ngā kura mīhana i te tekau tau 1830."
"reo Pākehā, and spending money to directly support schools.","He uaua te taha ki te ako mā te reo Pākehā, me te pau o te moni ki te tautoko tika i ngā kura."
"However, there are still many schools in reo Māori.","Heoi, he maha tonu ngā kura i reo Māori tonu."
"During the war years of the 1860s, most of the mission schools were closed.","Heke iho ki ngā tau pakanga o ngā tau 1860, ka kati te nuinga o ngā kura mīhana."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
"The Māori school system, 1867 to 1969","Te pūnaha kura Māori, 1867 ki te tau 1969"
Māori schools,Ngā kura Māori
Due to the Māori Schools Act 1867 after the New Zealand land wars a national system of primary schools was created in Māori homes.,Nā runga i te Ture Kura Māori 1867 whai muri i ngā pakanga whenua o Aotearoa ka waihangatia te pūnaha ā-motu o ngā kura tuatahi ki ngā kāinga Māori.
These organizations fell under the then Māori Department.,Ka taka ēnei whakahaere ki raro ki te Tari Māori o tērā wā.
"According to this law, the Māori had to contribute some land and some money for the classrooms and the cost of the mahita.",I runga i tēnei ture me takoha e te Māori ētahi whenua me ētahi pūtea mō ngā akomanga me te utu mō te māhita.
It was not until 1871 that the fees for classrooms and classrooms were raised.,Nō muri mai nō te tau 1871 ka hīkina ngā utu mō ngā akomanga me te māhita.
In 1879 Māori schools were taken over by the Department of Education (established in 1877).,I te tau 1879 ka riro te mana whakahaere o ngā kura Māori ki te Tari Mātauranga (tau waihanga 1877).
"The Māori School Code 1880 standardized the creation of schools, curricula, study hours, organizations and other programs.","Nā te Waehere Kura Māori 1880 i whakaōrite te āhua ki te waihanganga o ngā kura, ngā marautanga, ngā haora ako, ngā whakahaere me ētahi kaupapa atu hoki."
In 1894 it was established that all Māori children had to go to school.,I te tau 1894 ka whakaturea me haere rawa te katoa o te tamariki Māori ki te kura.
"Some tribes are also eager to establish schools, and even those tribes who stayed calm with the government during the war.","He rikarika hoki ētahi iwi ki te whakatū kura, ā, tae hoki ki ērā iwi i noho mārire ki te kāwanatanga i te wā o te pakanga."
English language and hands-on exercises,Te Reo Ingarihi me ngā akoako mahi ringa raupā
Since its origin is the study of the European language.,Mai anō ko tōna pūtake he ako i te reo Pākehā.
"He thinks that when a Maori area changes to the Pakeha language, its Maori school will be abolished.","Ko te whakaaro ia, hei te huringa o tētahi takiwā Māori ki te reo Pākehā, ka whakakorea tōna kura Māori."
"Although te reo Māori was accepted as the language of instruction in European affairs, European officials soon rejected the use of te reo Māori.","Ahakoa i whakaaetia te reo Māori hei reo ako i ngā mahi Pākehā, kāore tonu i roa ka whakakāhoretia e ngā āpiha Pākehā te whakamahinga o te reo Māori."
"Then, they started beating Māori children for speaking Māori at school.","Nāwai rā, ka tīmata te patu i ngā tamariki Māori mō te kōrero Māori ki te kura."
"For many years, this command was accepted in the European language by the Māori communities themselves, in order to expose their children to the European world.","He maha ngā tau ka whakaaetia tēnei whakahau i te reo Pākehā e ngā hapori Māori tonu, hei whakaputa i te ihu o ā rātou tamariki ki te ao Pākehā."
"Apart from basic reading, writing, and basic math, the curriculum focused on earthwork and cleaning exercises.","Hāunga ngā mahi pānui taketake, tuhituhi, pāngarau taketake, i aro nui kē te marautanga ki ngā mahi ihu oneone me ngā akoako horoi."
School disasters,Ngā pōrarutanga kura
There were many games when the organizations were already in Wellington.,He maha ngā takaroatanga i te noho kē mai o ngā whakahaere ki Pōneke.
"They sit and sit and then a school is completed, and most of them are booths.","Ka noho, ka noho kātahi ka oti tētahi kura, ā, ko te nuinga he tīhokahoka."
"Only once a year does a doctor arrive, on horseback.","Kotahi noa iho te wā i te tau ka tae tētahi kaimātai, mā runga hōiho."
Students also travel a long way from home to school.,He roa hoki te haere o ngā tauira mai i ngā kāinga ki te kura.
Some teachers do not even have training qualifications.,Ko ētahi kaiako kāore hoki he tohu whakangungu.
"In the past, the teachers were all European, and later some had Māori assistants.","I mua, he Pākehā katoa ngā kaiako, ā, nō muri rawa ka whiwhi kaiāwhina Māori ētahi."
"Due to the efforts of Āpirana Ngata in the 1920s and the easing of apartheid laws in Africa, Māori art was introduced into Māori schools in the 1930s.","Nā ngā whakapau kaha a Āpirana Ngata i ngā tekau tau 1920 me te whakangāwaritanga o ngā ture kaikiri ki Awherika, ka whakaurua ngā mahi toi Māori ki roto ki ngā kura Māori i te tekau tau 1930."
of the government's judicial programs.,Ko te tīmatanga tēnei o te tuku haeretanga o ētahi o ngā kaupapa whakawaimeha a te kāwanatanga.
High school education,Te mātauranga kura tuarua
"Despite the freedom to go to secondary school in the 1930s, Māori were a rural people and ended up going to schools in the city.","Ahakoa te koreutu o te haere ki te kura tuarua i te tekau tau 1930, he iwi noho taiwhenua te Māori, ka mutu, i te taone kē ngā kura."
"Also in the later years of that decade, less than 1,000 Māori children went to secondary school - most of them poor schools.","Waihoki i ngā tau tōmuri o taua tekau tau, iti iho i te 1,000 ngā tamariki Māori i haere ki te kura tuarua – ko te nuinga he kura pōri."
"In 1941, regional Māori secondary schools were linked to primary schools; in 1956, there were 13 schools.","I te tau 1941, ka tūhonotia ngā kura tuarua Māori ā-rohe ki ngā kura tuatahi; nō te tau 1956, e 13 ngā kura nei."
"First of all, these schools had no resources and only focused on hands-on learning.","Tuatahi ake kāore he rauemi o ēnei kura, ā, i aro noa iho ki ngā akoranga ā-ringa."
"When the Certificate School was launched in 1945, that situation ceased to exist.","Nō te whakarewanga rā anō o te Kura Tiwhikete i te tau 1945, kātahi ka kore tērā tūāhua."
After the war,I muri mai i te pakanga
After 1945 the Māori population and the Māori people living in the cities became more dense.,I muri i te tau 1945 ka mātotoru ake te iwi Māori me te hunga Māori noho tāone hoki.
There are more children in mainstream schools than those in Māori schools (in 1947 they started to be called 'Māori schools').,Ka huhua noa ake ngā tamariki kura auraki i ērā o ngā kura Māori (nō te tau 1947 ka tīmata te karangatanga ‘Māori schools).
"In 1955 the number of Māori schools had increased to 166, but it was then that the education department planned to transfer the control of the schools to the local education boards.","I te tau 1955 kua kake te maha o ngā kura Māori ki te 166, heoi nō tērā wā e whakamahere ana te tari mātauranga ki te whakawhiti i te mana whakahaere o ngā kura ki ngā poari mātauranga ā-rohe."
Māori families objected to the idea that the schools belonged to them.,"Ka whakahē ngā kāinga Māori i runga i te whakaaro, nō rātou tonu ērā kura."
Māori school advocates point to the fact that this schooling system is better for Māori than mainstream schooling.,Ka whakapuaki ngā kaitaunaki kura Māori i te meka he momoho ake tēnei tikanga kura mō te Māori i tērā o te kura auraki.
However in 1961 the Hunn Report recommended the shortcomings of the Māori in the education system and ordered that Māori be included in European schools.,"Heoi i te tau 1961 ka tūtohu te Pūrongo o Hunn ki ngā ngoikoretanga a te Māori i roto i te pūnaha mātauranga, ā, ka whakahau kia whakawhenumitia te Māori ki roto ki ngā kura Pākehā."
By 1969 the last Māori school was transferred to the hands of local education boards.,Tae rawa ki te tau 1969 ka whakawhitiria te kura Māori whakamutunga ki ngā ringaringa o ngā poari mātauranga ā-rohe.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Māori religious schools,Ngā kura hāhi Māori
The school network,Te Whatunga kura
"Church schools were the main schools for Māori, until the 1940s.","Ko ngā kura hāhi ngā kura nui mō te Māori, tae noa ki te tekau tau 1940."
"These schools grew into mission schools, such as Tīpene ki Tāmaki-makaurau (Missionary, founded in 1844), Wesley College It is in Auckland (Methodist, founded in 1844), and the College of Te Aute in Te Matau-a-Māui (Anglican, founded in 1854).","I hua ake ēnei kura hei kura mīhana, ā, ko Tīpene ki Tāmaki-makaurau tērā (Mihinare, tau waihanga 1844), ko te Kāreti o Wesley ki Tāmaki-makaurau tērā (Metoriti, tau waihanga 1844), ko te Kāreti o Te Aute ki Te Matau-a-Māui tērā (Mihinare, tau waihanga 1854)."
"Hukarere (Missionary, founded in 1875) and Victoria in Auckland (Missionary, founded in 1875) were established as sister schools for Te Aute and Tīpene.","Ko Hukarere (Mihinare, tau waihanga 1875) me Wikitōria ki Tāmaki-makaurau (Mihinare, tau waihanga 1875) ērā, i huakina hei kura tuāhine mō Te Aute me Tīpene."
Other Māori religious schools are:,Ko ētahi atu kura hāhi Māori ko:
"Waerenga-a-Hika College in Turanganui (Missionary, 1856)","Te Kāreti o Waerenga-a-Hika ki Tūranganui (Mihinare, 1856)"
"St Joseph's School for Māori Girls in Ahuriri (Catholic, 1867)","Te Kura Kōtiro Māori o Hato Hōhepa ki Ahuriri (Katorika, 1867)"
"Hikurangi College in Wairarapa (Missionary, 1903)","Ko Te Kāreti o Hikurangi ki Wairarapa (Mihinare, 1903)"
"Turakina College at Marton (Presbyterian, 1905)","Ko Te Kāreti o Turakina ki Marton (Perehipitiriana, 1905)"
"Otaki Maori College (Missionary, 1908)","Ko Te Kāreti Māori o Ōtaki (Mihinare, 1908)"
"The Waipounamu Māori Girls' College in Christchurch (Mission, 1909)","Ko Te Kāreti Kōtiro Māori o Te Waipounamu ki Ōtautahi (Mihinare, 1909)"
"Saint Peter in Auckland (Catholic, 1928)","Ko Hato Petera ki Tāmaki-makaurau (Katorika, 1928)"
"St. Paul, in Feilding (Catholic, 1948).","Ko Hato Paora, ki Feilding (Katorika, 1948)."
Government scholarship program,Te kaupapa karahipi a te kāwanatanga
"From the 1880s to the 1920s, the government provided small grants to Māori school principals to reach secondary school.",Mai i te tekau tau 1880 ki ngā tau o 1920 i tukuna e te kāwanatanga ētahi moni āwhina paku ki ngā toki o ngā kura Māori kia tae ki te kura tuarua.
Those grants are two-year scholarships.,Ko aua āwhina he karahipi rua tau te roa.
"This is a sign of the thinking of the time, that Māori were only good at manual labor such as agriculture.","He tohu tēnei nō te whakaaro o tērā wā, he pai noa iho te Māori mō ngā mahi ā-ringa pērā i te ahuwhenua."
"Because Māori schools only have levels 1-4 (years 3-6), the two years for the scholarship remained in primary school (years 7-8, intermediate level).","Nā te mea he taumata 1-4 (tau 3-6) anake ngā kura Māori, i noho tonu tērā rua tau mō te karahipi ki te kura tuatahi tonu (tau 7-8, pae takawaenga)."
Traditional learning and hands-on activities,Te akoranga tautōhito me ngā mahi ā-ringa
"In the 1890s, under the influence of John Thornton, Te Aute Kareti produced some of the terrors of the Māori world, such as Āpirana Ngata and Te Rangihīroa, Māui Pōmare and Tūtere Wi Repa.","I te tekau tau 1890, i raro i te awe o John Thornton, ka hua i a Te Aute Kāreti ētahi o ngā whakawehiwehi o te ao Māori, pērā i a Āpirana Ngata rātou ko Te Rangihīroa, ko Māui Pōmare ko Tūtere Wī Repa."
The Manual Instruction Act of 1900 encouraged officials to support manual training in religious schools and mandated that scholarship holders enroll in agricultural courses.,"Nā te Ture Tohutohu ā-Ringa o 1900 ka akiakitia ngā āpiha kia tautoko i ngā whakangungu ā-ringa ki ngā kura hāhi, me te whakahau me whakauru ngā kaipupuri karahipi ki ngā akoranga ahuwhenua."
"According to Māori parents, there is no benefit in sending their children to school to learn farming.","Ki tā ngā mātua Māori kāore hoki he hua o te tuku i ā rātou tamariki ki te kura, ako ai ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua."
Agricultural education,Te mātauranga ahuwhenua
"In 1906 the crown commission investigated that Te Aute should also study agriculture, as well as complete professional studies.","I te tau 1906 ka whakatewhatewha te kōmihana karauna me ako hoki a Te Aute i te ahuwhenua, me te whakapaku i ngā akoranga ngaio."
This idea is opposed by principal Thornton.,Ka ātetehia tēnei whakaaro e te tumuaki e Thornton.
"Although Mr. Aute included some agricultural lessons, he did not really enjoy them.","Ahakoa i whakauru rawa a Te Aute i ētahi akoranga ahuwhenua, kīhai i tino pārekarekatia."
"However, there were still schools that supported agricultural education.","Heoi, arā tonu ngā kura i hāpai i ngā mātauranga ahuwhenua."
"That was the establishment of the Māori Agricultural School in Hastings (Mormon, 1912), and the move of Wesley (in 1922) and Tīpene (in 1931) to the countryside to be able to provide agricultural education.","Ko te whakatūnga tērā o te Kura Ahuwhenua Māori ki Heretaunga (Moromona, 1912), ā, ko te nekenga o Wesley (i te tau 1922) me Tīpene (i te tau 1931) tērā, ki te taiwhenua e āhei ai te whakarato i ngā mātauranga ahuwhenua."
In the 1920s the scholarship was extended to three years.,I te tekau tau 1920 ka whakaroahia ake te karahipi ki te toru tau.
Carpet years – from the 1930s,Ngā tau whīroki – mai i te tekau tau 1930
In the 1930s Māori schools felt the effects of the economic recession and other threats.,I te tekau tau 1930 ka rongo ngā kura Māori i te kino o te paheketanga ohaoha me ētahi atu tūponotanga.
"In 1931, the Māori Agricultural School and Te Aute were damaged by the great earthquake in Te Matau-a-Māui, which closed the agricultural school.",I te tau 1931 ka tāoroorohia te Kura Ahuwhenua Māori me Te Aute i te rū nui o Te Matau-a-Māui i kati rawa ai te kura ahuwhenua.
"Hikurangi (1932) and Waerenga-a-Hika (1937) were closed by fire, and Otaki Māori College was closed in 1938 due to financial issues.","Nā te weranga o Hikurangi (1932) me Waerenga-a-Hika (1937) i te ahi ka kati ērā kura, ā, nā ngā take pūtea i kati ai Te Kāreti Māori o Ōtaki i te tau 1938."
When the Certificate School (national examination) started in local Māori schools in 1945 enrollments in Te Aute and Hukarere gradually decreased.,Nō te tīmatanga o te Kura Tiwhikete (whakamātautau ā-motu) ki ngā kura Māori ā-rohe i te tau 1945 ka heke haere ngā whakaurunga ki Te Aute me Hukarere.
"As a result of the migration to the cities, there are more Māori students in government secondary schools.",I runga i te hekenga ki ngā tāone ka nui ake ngā tauira Māori ki ngā kura tuarua kāwanatanga.
"Between the years of 1969 and 1992 the doors of Hukarere were closed, although the rooms were still open for the students of the Ahuriri High School for Girls.","I waenganui i ngā tau o 1969 me 1992 ka tūtakina ngā tatau o Hukarere, ahakoa i tuwhera tonu ngā rūma mō ngā tauira noho o te Kura Tuarua mō ngā Kōtiro o Ahuriri."
"Also in the 1980s, Te Kura Kōtiro Māori of Te Waipounamu was used as a place of residence, and in 1990 all its walls were pulled down.","Waihoki i te tekau tau 1980, ka whakamahia Te Kura Kōtiro Māori o Te Waipounamu hei wāhi noho, ā, nō te tau 1990 ka tōia katoatia ōna whatitoka."
The rest of the religious schools were merged with government schools in the 1970s and 1980s.,Ko te toenga atu o ngā kura hāhi ka whakahanumia ki ngā kura kāwanatanga i ngā tekau tau o 1970 me 1980.
"Due to declining school enrollments, Tipene (in 2000) and Victoria (in 2001) closed.","Ā, nā te hekenga o ngā tāurunga kura, ka kati a Tīpene (i te tau 2000) me Wikitōria (i te tau 2001)."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Te kaupapa Māori,Te kaupapa Māori
The great development of Māori education at the end of the 20th century was the catalyst for the growth of Māori projects.,Ko te whanaketanga nui nei o te mātauranga Māori i te pito o te rautau 1900 ko te haumako o te tipu o ngā kaupapa Māori.
"Kōhanga Reo paved the way in the 1980s, so that kura kaupapa Māori would also participate after him.","Nā te Kōhanga Reo i para te huarahi i ngā tau 1980, kia whai wāhi hoki ko te kura kaupapa Māori i muri mai i a ia."
The kōhanga reo,Te kōhanga reo
The kōhanga reo is the Māori response to the loss of the Māori language.,Ko te kōhanga reo te urupare Māori ki te haumate o te reo Māori.
"In 1913 more than 90 percent of the children spoke Māori; by 1975, it was only 5 percent.","I te tau 1913 nuku atu i te 90 ōrau ngā tamariki kōrero Māori; tae rawa ake ki te tau 1975, e 5 ōrau noa iho."
"Kōhanga reo is a Māori-led project to fully immerse the child in the language, as well as his whānau.","He kaupapa te kōhanga reo nā te Māori i turuki, kia rumakina rawatia te tamaiti ki te reo, me tōna whānau."
In 1982 the first kōhanga reo opened in Wainuiomata.,I te tau 1982 ka tuwhera te kōhanga reo tuatahi ki Wainuiomata.
"One year later, 100 kōhanga reo were established across the island.","Kotahi tau i muri mai,100 ngā kōhanga reo ka whakatūria puta noa i te motu."
The growth of the kōhanga,Te tipu o te kōhanga
"Although there was not much government funding until the 1990s, the kōhanga reo continued to grow in the eighties.","Ahakoa kāore i rahi ngā pūtea kāwanatanga kia tae rā anō ki te tau 1990, ka tipu haere tonu te kōhanga reo i ngā tau waru tekau."
"By 1993, there were 819 kōhanga reo, more than European preschools.","Te taenga ki te tau 1993, e 819 ngā kōhanga reo, ā, he rahi ake i ngā kura kōhungahunga a te Pākehā."
"More than 14,000 kōhanga reo children, half of all Māori children, were enrolled in early childhood services nationwide at that time.","Neke atu i te 14,000 ngā tamariki kōhanga reo, kāti, he haurua o ngā tamariki Māori katoa i whakaurua ki ngā ratonga kōhungahunga puta noa, i tērā wā."
In 2009 there were 464 kōhanga reo nationally.,Nō te tau 2009 e 464 ngā kōhanga reo ā-motu.
This reduction is due to regulatory approvals and financial circumstances.,Nā ngā ture whakaae me ngā āhuatanga pūtea tēnei whakahekenga.
"60,000 students graduated from kōhanga reo; this is an important reason why reo Māori developed as a living language.","E 60,000 ngā tauira i puta i te kōhanga reo; he take nui tēnei i whanake anō ai te reo Māori hei reo ora."
The kaupapa Māori school,Te kura kaupapa Māori
"The kura kaupapa Māori is a government school, and it is run with a Māori family perspective and a focus on the Māori language.","He kura kāwanatanga te kura kaupapa Māori, ka whakahaerehia pū i runga i te whakaaro whānau Māori me te ahomatua o te reo Māori."
In 1985 Hoani Waititi's first Māori kaupapa school was established in West Auckland.,I te tau 1985 ka waihangatia te kura kaupapa Māori tuatahi o Hoani Waititi ki te Uru o Tāmaki-makaurau.
"Just like the kōhanga reo, parents have to raise enough funds to build their kura before receiving any government grants.","Rite tonu ki te kōhanga reo, me kohi pūtea rawa ngā mātua e tū ai ō rātou kura i mua i te whakawhiwhinga ki ētahi tahua kāwanatanga."
"Kura kaupapa Māori came into force in the Education Act of 1989, and in 1990 the Ministry of Education supported the establishment of new schools.","Ka whai mana te kura kaupapa Māori ki roto ki te Ture Mātauranga o 1989, ā, i te tau 1990 ka tautoko te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga i te whakatūnga o ētahi kura hou."
Development of schools,Te whanaketanga o ngā kura
"Māori schools grew significantly in the 1990s, and growth slowed again in the 2000s.","Ka tipu nui ngā kura Māori i te tekau tau 1990, ā, ka āta haere anō te tipunga i te rautau 2000."
"In 2009, there were 73 Māori kaupapa schools with 6,000 students.","I te tau 2009 e 73 ngā kura kaupapa Māori, e 6,000 ōna tauira."
"Most of them are integrated schools (years 1-13), that is, they started as primary schools and later expanded to have a wharekura section.","Ko te nuinga he kura whakakotahi (tau 1-13), arā, i tīmata hei kura tuatahi kātahi ka pūāwai kia whai wāhanga wharekura."
"In 2001, the Ministry of Education approved junior high schools.",I te tau 2001 ka whakamana te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga i ngā kura teina.
"These are schools that have applied to be recognized as primary schools, but have not yet been fully recognized.","He kura ēnei kua tono kia whakamanaia hei kura tuatahi, engari kāore anō kia āta whakamanaia."
"These schools will be under the auspices and guidance of an official kura kaupapa, known as kura tuakana","Ka noho ēnei kura i raro i te maru me te ārahi o tētahi kura kaupapa whai mana, e kīia ana ko te kura tuakana"
"Altered to reflect the fact these are both primary schools in the arrangement, not secondary schools mentoring primary.","Altered to reflect the fact these are both primary schools in the arrangement, not secondary schools mentoring primary."
Also translated 'that have applied'.,Also translated ‘that have applied’.
.etc in Eng text.,.etc in Eng text.
.,.
Then split into two sentences for easy reading.,Then split into two sentences for easy reading.
Universities,Ngā wānanga
"Kura wānanga were developed to encourage the Māori language and Māori education, and to promote Māori in general world education.","I whakawhanaketia ngā kura wānanga hei whakatenatena i te reo Māori me te mātauranga Māori, me te whakatairanga ake i te Māori ki ngā mātauranga ao whānui."
Most of the students did not come directly from high school.,Ko te nuinga o ngā tauira kāore i ahu tika mai i te kura tuarua.
The world's first revolutionary conference,Te wānanga tuatahi o te ao hurihuri
"Te Wānanga o Raukawa was established in Ōtaki in 1981 by the people of Te Āti Awa, Ngāti Raukawa and Ngāti Toarangatira.","I whakatūria Te Wānanga o Raukawa ki Ōtaki i te tau 1981 e ngā iwi o Te Āti Awa, o Ngāti Raukawa me Ngāti Toarangatira."
The seminar resulted in the tribal strategy of those three tribes in 1975 to respond to the language crisis in those regions.,I hua mai te wānanga i te rautaki ā-iwi o aua iwi e toru i te tau 1975 hei urupare i te haumate o te reo ki ērā rohe.
Other universities,Ētahi atu wānanga
Te Wānanga o Aotearoa started at the Waipā Kōkiri Arts Center in 1984 and now has educational facilities all over New Zealand.,"I tīmata Te Wānanga o Aotearoa ki te Waipā Kōkiri Arts Centre i te tau 1984, ā, kei ngā whaitua katoa o Aotearoa ōna whare ako ināianei."
"In 2009 it had 21,000 students; this is the second largest university in the country.","I te tau 2009 e 21,000 ōna tauira; ko te tuarua tēnei o ngā whare wānanga nui o te motu."
In 1992 the doors of Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi opened.,I te tau 1992 ka tuwhera ngā tatau o Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi.
"In 2004, Awanuiarangi was authorized to conduct doctoral studies, a first for an original university in the world.","Nō te tau 2004 ka whakamanatia a Awanuiārangi ki te kawe i ngā akoranga tākutatanga, he tuatahi mō tētahi whare wānanga taketake o te ao."
"In 1993 the government recommended the universities of Raukawa and Aotearoa, and in 1997 Awanuiārangi was recommended.","I te tau 1993 ka tūtohua e te kāwanatanga ngā wānanga o Raukawa me Aotearoa, ā, i te tau 1997 ka tūtohua ko Awanuiārangi."
"After the issue with the Treaty of Waitangi Ratification Group in 1998, some funding was allocated to these universities as a solution to the lack of funding at their inception.","Whai muri i te take ki te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1998, ka whakatauria ētahi tahua pūtea ki ēnei wānanga hei rongoā mō te korekore o ngā tahua i tō rātou tīmatanga mai."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Other developments,Ētahi atu whanaketanga
Government programs of the 1970s and 1980s,Ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga o ngā tekau tau o 1970 me 1980
In the 1970s Māori language training services for kaiako and kaiako reo Māori training programs began.,I te tekau tau 1970 ka tīmata ngā ratonga whakangungu i te Māoritanga mō ngā kaiako me ngā kaupapa whakangungu kaiako reo Māori.
In 1975 a number of Māori resource teacher positions were opened to instruct primary school teachers in Māori language and culture.,I te tau 1975 ka tuwhera ētahi tūnga kaiako rauemi Māori ki te tohutohu i ngā kaiako kura tuatahi i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga Māori.
The kōhanga and schools,Te kōhanga me ngā kura
"Due to the rapid growth of the kōhanga reo and kura kaupapa, the funding pool is rapidly dwindling and there are very few kaiako reo Māori.",Nā te hohoro o te tipu o te kōhanga reo me te kura kaupapa ka tere mimiti te puna tahua me te iti rawa o ngā kaiako reo Māori.
"There are many criticisms about the quality of the language from some teachers, who have just learned the language.","He maha ngā kupu whakahē mō te kounga o te reo i ētahi kaiako, kātahi nei ka ako i te reo."
"Since 1986, te reo leaders (things that have grown out of te reo) have been sent to support developing students, from the kōhanga reo to the kura.","Mai i te tau 1986 ka tonoa ngā kaiārahi i te reo (ngā mea i tipu ake i te reo) ki te taituarā i ngā tauira e whanake ana, i te kōhanga reo ki te kura."
"In 1992 the Ministry of Education published Te Marautanga o Aotearoa, that is, the curriculum based on Māori concepts.","I te tau 1992 ka whakaputaina e te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga ko Te Marautanga o Aotearoa, arā, te marautanga ako e hua mai ana i ngā ariā Māori."
Dual preschools and special schools,Ngā kura kōhungahunga reorua me ngā kura motuhake
"Although the number of kōhanga reo students declined, those in the bilingual section increased again in the 2000s.","Ahakoa ka paheke te rahi o ngā tauira kōhanga reo, ka piki anō ērā o te wāhanga reorua i te takiwā o te tekau tau 2000."
"In 2011, 15 special schools were created under section 156 of the Education Act ( these schools had an immersion section).","Nō te tau 2011, 15 ngā kura motuhake ka waihangatia i raro i te wāhanga 156 o te Ture Mātauranga (i whai wāhanga rumaki ēnei kura)."
"With the exception of the Māori section of some schools, some lacked quality.","Hāunga te wāhanga reo Māori o ētahi kura, kāore ētahi i whai kounga."
"In fact, some people repeat their studies in order to re-establish the identity of their own iwi.","Otirā, ka hoki anō ngā akoako a ētahi kia pū anō ai i te tuakiri o ō rātou iwi ake."
Achievements,Ngā tutukitanga
There are no reports of Māori being underrepresented in the European education system since the early 20th century.,"Kāore e ārikarika ngā pūrongo e whakapuaki ana i te noho rōrā o te Māori ki roto ki te pūnaha mātauranga Pākehā, mai anō i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900."
"According to the Māori Language Report of the Treaty Organization in 1986, no Māori children were properly educated in the education system, and the management of the education system was in violation of the Treaty.","E ai ki te Pūrongo Reo Māori a te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti i te tau 1986, kāre tahi te tamariki Māori i akona tikatia i roto i te pūnaha mātauranga, ka mutu e takahi ana ngā whakahaere o te pūnaha mātauranga i te Tiriti."
"In 1998, Te Puni Kōkiri published his observations about the rare characteristics among Māori:",I te tau 1998 ka puta i a Te Puni Kōkiri ōna kitenga mō ngā āhuatanga kāore e kite nuitia i waenganui i te Māori:
access to early childhood education,te uru ki ngā mātauranga kōhungahunga
being in the last semester of high school,te noho ki te wāhanga whakamutunga o te kura tuarua
leaving high school with a degree,te wehe mai i te kura tuarua me tētahi tohu
enrollment in colleges and universities.,"te whakauru ki ngā whare takiura, whare wānanga hoki."
Most Māori in universities are in their secondary programmes.,Ko te nuinga o ngā Māori kei roto i ngā whare wānanga kei ō rātou hōtaka tuarua.
The success of kauwaka Māori,Te angitu o te kauwaka Māori
"In 2009, only 22.6 percent of Māori students left high school and were able to enter university.",I te tau 2009 e 22.6 ōrau noa iho ngā tauira Māori ka wehe i te kura tuarua ka āhei ki te kuhu ki te whare wānanga.
"For Europeans, 51.7 percent go to university.","Mō te Pākehā, e 51.7 ōrau ka puta ki te whare wānanga."
"According to research, students in Māori schools are more active than their counterparts in European schools.","E ai ki ngā rangahau, he momoho ake ngā tauira kei ngā kura Māori i ō rātou hoa kei ngā kura Pākehā."
"But in 2010, only 14.6 percent of Māori school students followed Māori education programs.","Engari i te tau 2010, e 14.6 ōrau noa iho ngā tauira o ngā kura Māori ka whai i ngā kaupapa mātauranga Māori."
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
Māori education law,Ture mātauranga Māori
Previous rules,Ngā ture ō mua
"Before the arrival of Tauiwi, ​​the whānau, hapū and iwi had control over education.","I mua i te taenga mai o Tauiwi kei te whānau, te hapū me te iwi te mana whakahaere i te mātauranga."
"Before the invasion of the government, missionary schools had already been set up to teach Māori children.",I mua i te whakaekenga mai o te kāwanatanga kua tū kē ngā kura a ngā mihinare ki te ako i ngā tamariki Māori.
Governor Harry Gray passed legislation to support these schools in the 1840s.,Nā Kāwana Hōri Kerei i whakatau ture ki te tautoko i ēnei kura i te tekau tau 1840.
"They included government inspectors and principles - ie religious instruction, industrial training and the use of the English language.","Otirā ko te urunga tērā o ngā kaitirotiro kāwanatanga me ngā mātāpono – arā, te ako i te whakapono, te whakangungu ahumahi me te whakamahi i te reo Pākehā."
.,I noho tonu ngā kaupapa whakamutunga e rua ki roto ki te ture mātauranga tae noa ki waenga pū o te rautau 1900.
"Although it was said to be a law that combines the interests of the European world and Māori culture, it is a law that separates Māori culture into the European world.","Ahakoa i kīia he ture whakakotahi i ngā painga o te ao Pākehā me te ahurea Māori, he ture whakawaimeha kē i te ahurea Māori ki roto ki te ao Pākehā."
This was the guiding law until the 1930s.,Koinei te ture ārahi tae rawa mai ki ngā tau 1930.
Māori school system law,Ture pūnaha kura Māori
From 1867 the basic school system was created; which resulted in the national system of primary schools.,Mai i te tau 1867 ka hangaia te pūnaha kura taketake; i hua ake ai te pūnaha ā-motu o ngā kura tuatahi.
"Initially, this was managed by the Māori Department.","I te tuatahi, nā te Tari Māori tēnei i whakahaere."
"In 1879, the management of Māori schools was transferred to the Department of Education, and the rules of English language learning and the practice of pottery continued.","I te tau o 1879 ka riro atu te mana whakahaere i ngā kura Māori ki te Tari Mātauranga, ā, ka haere tonu ngā ture o te ako reo Pākehā me ngā akoako mahi ihu oneone."
There are very few paths to high school.,He whāiti rawa ngā huarahi ki te kura tuarua.
"In 1941, secondary school sections were added to the Māori primary schools.","Nō te tau 1941, ka tāpirihia ngā wāhanga kura tuarua ki ngā kura tuatahi Māori."
"These schools also focused on the study of handicrafts, and in 1945 it changed again when the Kura Twihikete examinations began.","I aro pū anō ngā kura nei ki te ako i ngā mahi ā-ringa, ā, nō te tau 1945 ka rerekē anō i te tīmatanga o ngā whakamātautau Kura Tiwhikete."
From that year the Māori began to live in cities and study in European schools.,Mai i taua tau hoki ka tīmata te noho tāone o te Māori me te ako ki ngā kura Pākehā.
Efforts of the indigenous people,Ngā whakapau kaha o te iwi taketake
"Thanks to the efforts of the community and the support of the Māori Department, the kōhanga reo was developed in the 1970s.",Nā ngā whakapau kaha o te hapori me ngā tautoko a te Tari Māori ka whakawhanaketia te kōhanga reo i te tekau tau 1970.
"The children became more and more active, and the parents were eager to continue the education for the children in the world.","Ka māhuri tōtara haere ngā tamariki, kua hīkaka hoki ngā mātua kia haere tonu ngā akoranga mā ngā tamariki ki roto ki te ao Māori."
Māori.,Nā whai anō ko te waihanganga o te kura kaupapa Māori i te tau 1985.
This was followed by the creation of the kura kaupapa Māori in 1985.,"I te tau 1989 ka whakamanatia e te ture te kura kaupapa, ā, i te tau 1990 ka tautokotia e te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga te whakatūnga o ētahi atu kura hou."
Kaupapa Māori also developed into the university sector.,I whanake hoki te kaupapa Māori ki roto ki te wāhanga whare wānanga.
"In 1981, Te Wānanga o Raukawa invaded the world.",I te tau 1981 ka huaki a Te Wānanga o Raukawa ki te ao.
It took a long time before this university and the other two universities were funded.,He roa te wā kātahi rawa ka tahuatia tēnei wānanga me ērā atu wānanga e rua.
"As with most Māori language programs, the government is slow to step in to help.","Waihoki ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa reo Māori, ka tōmuri te kuhu haere o te kāwanatanga ki te āwhina."
The Twentieth Century,Te Tau Ruamano
"In the 2000s, the Ministry of Education created Ka hikitia: managing for success: the Māori education strategy, 2008-2012 ; that is, the strategy that recommends a wide range of learning methods for Māori into the world of education.","I te rautau 2000 ka waihangatia e te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga a Ka hikitia: managing for success: the Māori education strategy, 2008-2012;"
"This strategy focuses on unique outcomes for Māori students; reo Maori mai, bilingual mai, reo Pakeha mai.","arā, te rautaki e tūtohu ana i te whānui o ngā tikanga ako mā te Māori ki roto ki te ao mātauranga."
The strategy covered everyone from young children to university students.,"Ka arotahi tēnei rautaki ki ngā putanga momoho mō ngā tauira Māori; reo Māori mai, reorua mai, reo Pākehā mai."
It has four main effects:,I kapi katoa te rautaki i te hunga mai i ngā tamariki nohinohi tae noa ki ngā tauira whare wānanga.
the collaboration of Māori students to develop a learning path to success,te mahi tahi o te ākonga Māori ki te rapa huarahi ako ki te angitu
"for Māori students to excel, and to be exposed to their unique cultural abilities and talents","kia tuawhiti te ākonga Māori, me te whakakite ki ō rātou mana ahurea motuhake, pūmanawa hoki"
for Māori students to participate in the Māori world,kia whai wāhi te ākonga Māori ki te ao Māori
"for the Māori to take ownership of the trees of the changing world, he will have a role in the island and the world.","kia riro i te Māori ngā rākau o te ao hurihuri, e whai wāhi i a ki te motu, me te ao."
"After the arrival of foreigners, the natural trees of the Māori gradually died.",I muri i te taenga mai o tauiwi ka tāmate haere te mau rākau tūturu a te Māori.
"When the shadow was left behind, the gun was raised;","Ka mahue iho te taiaha, ka hīkina te pū; ka popo hoki ngā pou o ngā para whakawai."
The columns of the garbage will also pop.,"Mai i ngā tau 1980 kua torokaha anō te mau rākau – heoi, he whāiti ake ngā whakamahinga i te rākau whawhai i ēnei rā."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Tree training,Ngā whakangungu rākau
Anger and trees are big business in Māori society.,He umanga nui te riri me te mau rākau i roto i te ao Māori.
"A man should be properly trained when he is young; the activities are boxing, wrestling and whipping.","Whakangungua rawatia ai te tangata i te wā e tamariki ana; ko ngā mahi he mekemeke, he mamau, he whiuwhiu rākau."
"In the trial waste the thief learns about the trees; to wait in line, to hold a stick; to crush and avoid; to train with reeds as training sticks.","I roto i te para whakawai ka ako te tāhae ki te mau rākau; ki te tūtira hōkai, ki te mau i te rākau; ki te kuru me te karo; ki te whakangungu puta taua me te mau kākaho hei rākau whakangungu."
Foot washing is important.,He mea nui te rakanga waewae.
Trees,Ngā rākau
The tree is a heritage of Māori.,He taonga tuku iho te rākau ki te Māori.
"The slaying stick is carefully made of wood, stone, and bone, and it takes a long time to finish.","He mea āta hanga te rākau patu tangata ki te rākau, ki te kōhatu, ki te wheua, ka mutu he roa tōna mahinga."
"Sometimes the tree is worshiped to confirm the power, sanctity and essence in the tree.","I ētahi wā ka karakiatia te rākau hei whakaū i te mana, te tapu me te mauri ki roto ki te rākau."
"Long sticks are held in both hands; one end is a leaf, the other is a tongue.","Ko ngā rākau roa ka puritia ki ngā ringa e rua; he rau tētahi pito, he ārero tētahi."
These are the trees:,Ko ngā rākau ēnei:
the shadow.,te taiaha.
Diamonds are decorative and end up being valuable.,"He mea whakanikoniko te taiaha, ka mutu he taonga nui."
the investigation.,te tewhatewha.
A probe is like an axe.,He rite te tewhatewha ki te toki.
This tree is equipped with a trigger gun to stun the enemy,He mea whakarākei tēnei rākau ki te puhi whakaaweawe hei whakahopo i te hoariri
"sharp trees, such as pouwhenua, koikoi and tararua.","ngā rākau koi, pērā i te pouwhenua, te koikoi me te tararua."
Short sticks are weapons.,Ko ngā rākau poto he patu.
One hand held.,Kotahi te ringa mau.
"One arm is wrapped in blue, for training.","Ka tākaia tētahi ringa ki te puru, hei whakangungu."
Failure,Te korehāhātanga
When foreigners arrived in New Zealand the trees began to die.,Nō te taenga o tauiwi ki Aotearoa ka haumate haere te mau rākau.
"Leaving the shadow, he turned to the gun.","Ka mahue te taiaha,  ka nanao ki te pū."
"When the rain is filled with waste, the knowledge of the trees will gradually disappear.","Nāwai ka pū te rūhā ki te para whakawai, ka ngarongaro haere ai ngā mātauranga o te mau rākau."
Self-indulgence,Te whakamāuitanga ake
"In the 1980s the trees began to recover, due to the resurgence of Māori culture.","Nō ngā tau 1980 ka ora haere te mau rākau, nō te oranga anō o te ahurea Māori."
There are a number of false accusations that have been created in the wombs of nations.,Tērā ētahi para whakawai ruarua kua waihangatia i roto anō i te kōpū o ngā iwi.
"The tree is used in the challenge, kapa haka and speech.","Ka whakamahia te rākau i roto i te wero, te kapa haka me te whaikōrero."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Tree shields,Ngā whakangungu rākau
Child training,Te whakangungu tamariki
The Māori world was also centered on war and trees.,I hāngai pū te ao Māori ki te pakanga me te mau rākau.
The Māori warrior's wish was to die in flames.,Ko te manako nui o te toa Māori kia mate ki te mura o te ahi.
"Due to his growth, he became familiar with the trees and the strategies of the war.",Nā tōna tipunga ka whakakoi ia ki te mau rākau me ngā rautaki o te pakanga.
Children are modeled by parents in the ways of good training; such as waking up the student at night to keep him awake; and just hitting the stick to learn to avoid the stick.,Ka whakatauiratia ngā tamariki e ngā mātua ki ngā tikanga whakangungu toa; pērā i te whakaoho i te ākonga i ngā pō kia mataara tonu ia; me te hahau noa ki te rākau kia ako ai ki te karo i te rākau.
Beer games also had an impact on the war.,Ka whai pānga anō ngā tākaro a ngā pia ki te pakanga.
"Running, jumping, playing with grass, throwing stones, planting, playing with a tree and defensive games are some of the ways to prepare children for war.","Ko te mahi omaoma, te pekepeke, te tirikohu, te maka kōhatu, te whātōtō, ko te tī rākau me ngā tākaro parepare ētahi o ngā āhuatanga hei whakakoi i te tamariki ki te pakanga."
They are taught the karakia of hoa rakau and mata rakau to move the feet; or to polish wood.,Ka akona rātou ki ngā karakia o te hoa rākau me te mata rākau hei whakatere i ngā waewae; hei whakakoi rānei i te rākau.
"After entering the training camp, he learned how to handle trees.",Nō te kuhunga ki te para whakawai kātahi ka ako mārika ki te mau rākau.
Waste of money,Para whakawai
"In the training camp, the young man is taught to wait in line; to carry logs and learn kuru and karo.",I roto i te para whakawai ka akona te tamatāne ki ngā tūtira hōkai; ki te kawe i ngā rākau me te ako i ngā kuru me ngā karo.
"The foot is carefully tested; keep your feet warm, clean, and strong.","Ka āta whakamātauria te rakanga waewae; kia ihonui, kia horo, kia pakari tonu ngā waewae."
"There is a saying, 'Heavy feet with wet skin', in other words advises the hero not to be lazy.","Tērā te kōrero, ‘He waewae taumaha he kiri mākū’, arā e tohutohu ana i te toa kei noho ka māngere ia."
Beers are also involved in innovation wars.,Ka uru anō ngā pia ki ngā pakanga hangahanga.
The trees are reeds.,Ko ngā rākau he kākaho.
"They will learn how to plant trees, how to organize trees and how to cut trees, as well as karakia related to war and trees.","Ka ako rātou ki te whakatū rākau, ki te whakarite rākau me te whakahoro rākau, tae atu ki ngā karakia hāngai pū ki te pakanga me te mau rākau."
Treasure trees,Ngā rākau taonga
The tree is not just a human-killing tree.,Ehara te rākau i te rākau patu tangata noa.
It is a gift passed down from generation to generation.,He taonga tuku iho mai i tēnā whakatipuranga ki tēnā whakatipuranga.
"In the past, wood carving took a long time and ended when it was difficult.","I ngā wā o mua, he roa te mahi whakairo i te rākau, ka mutu, inā tōna uaua."
It takes several months to make the shade.,E hia marama te roa e hanga ai i te taiaha.
It takes more than a year to make a stone log.,Neke atu i te kotahi tau e mahia ai te rākau kōhatu.
"Finally, the tree and its owner have control over how it was created.",Ka mutu ka whai mana anō te rākau me tōna kaipupuri i te āhua o tōna hanganga.
"According to the anthropologist Te Pēhi, 'But the blood-letting tree has a name, and on it are stories of war, of greatness and of open anger'.","E ai ki te kaimātai momo tangata a Te Pēhi, ‘Engari te rākau whakaheke toto he ingoa tōna, ā, hai runga i a ia ngā kōrero o te pakanga, o te maungārongo me te riri māhorahora’."
Te Rauparaha of Ngāti Toa had the village called Amokura.,I a Te Rauparaha o Ngāti Toa te mere e kīia ana ko Amokura.
His uncle Hape-ki-tuarangi gave it to him.,Nā tōna matua kēkē nā Hape-ki-tuarangi i tuku ki a ia.
Te Rangitāhau of Tūwharetoa had the weapon called Te Ringa Toto.,I a Te Rangitāhau o Tūwharetoa te patu ko Te Ringa Toto te ingoa.
The people of Taranaki possessed a famous toki (adze) known as Te Āwhiorangi.,The people of Taranaki possessed a famous toki (adze) known as Te Āwhiorangi.
"It is said that this adze was once owned by the god of the forest, Tāne Mahuta himself, and was used to separate the remaining bonds that held the sky and the earth together.","It is said that this adze was once owned by the god of the forest, Tāne Mahuta himself, and was used to separate the remaining bonds that held the sky and the earth together."
There was a time when the tree was worshiped to confirm the essence of a god so that the tree was sacred.,He wā kua karakiatia te rākau hei whakaū i te mauri o tētahi atua kia tapu ai te rākau.
"Before going to war, Tītokowaru included his god Uemutu in his taiaha.","I mua i te haerenga ki te pakanga, ka whakauru a Tītokowaru i tōna atua a Uemutu ki roto ki tana taiaha."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Natural trees,Ngā rākau tūturu
Different types of trees,Ngā momo rākau
"The Māori tree is made of wood, stone and bone.","He mea hanga te rākau Māori ki te rākau, ki te kōhatu me te kōiwi."
"There are two types, long sticks (two-handed) and short sticks (one-handed weapons).","E rua ngā momo, he rākau roa (e rua ngā ringa mau) me ngā rākau poto (ngā patu, kotahi te ringa mau)."
Long trees,Ngā rākau roa
"The big trees are taiaha, tetheweha and pouwhenua, and finally, they are 1 to 2 meters tall.","Ko te taiaha, te tewhatewha me te pouwhenua ngā rākau nui, ka mutu, 1 ki te 2 mita tōna roa."
"The taiaha is made of hardwood such as maire, rata and kanuka.","He mea hanga te taiaha ki te rākau mārō pērā i te maire, te rātā me te kānuka."
"The taiaha is carved, kura kāka, and its rakes are made of waero.","He mea whakairo te taiaha, he kura kākā, he waero ōna rākei."
"The tree is not just a tree, it is also a symbol of leadership.","Ehara te taiaha i te rākau noa, ka mutu he tohu rangatira anō ia."
Volunteers in the war never wear a hat.,Kore rawa te hunga tūtūā o te taua e mau taiaha.
The probe is shaped like an axe.,He rite te hanga o te tewhatewha ki te toki.
"At the opening of the leaf, his guns are fired, to confuse the enemy.","Kei te puare o te rau ka tāiri ōna puhi, hei whakarangirua i te hoariri."
This is also a sign of leadership.,He tohu rangatira hoki tēnei.
"This tree also indicates the heroes in the movements of the army, if they need to rush, attack or change.","Ko tēnei rākau hoki ka tohu i ngā toa ki ngā nekeneke o te ope taua, mēnā me kōkiri, me hawaiki pēpeke, me taui rānei."
Tree techniques,Ngā tikanga mau rākau
"The long sticks have a leaf at one end for the kuru, and a sharp end for the tihoka.","Kei tētahi pito o ngā rākau roa te rau mō te kuru, me tētahi pito koi mō te tīhoka."
"He wears a flat or short position, with the tongue always pointing downwards.","Ko tōna mau he tū one, he popotahi rānei, ko te ārero e anga whakararo ana i ngā wā katoa."
"The hero sprays the same, then sprays it on the person's neck or shoulder.","He rite tonu ka whakarehu te toa, kātahi ka whitiapu ki runga i te mātenga, i te pakihiwi rānei o te tangata."
"According to a commentator, 'A hero must watch the front foot of the enemy.","E ai ki tētahi kaikōrero, ‘Me mātaki te toa i te waewae tōmua o te hoariri."
The width of his leg indicates the flight of the tree.,Ko te kōnui o tōna waewae ka tohu i te rere o te rākau.
Therefore the store is available to prepare the avoidance.,Nā reira ka wātea te toa ki te whakarite i te karo.
"Other than that, watching the movements of the shoulders.","Atu i tēnā, ko te mātaki i ngā ioio o ngā pakihiwi."
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Spear trees,Ngā rākau tao
"The most common types of trees seen in war are pouwenhua, koikoi, staff, spears, stilts, tete, taraura, reti, and tarelera.","He pouwhenua, he koikoi, he tokotoko, he tao, he timata, he tete, he tararua, he reti, he tārerarera ngā rākau ka kite nuitia i roto i te pakanga."
Teak is a type of tree whose bark can be removed.,Ko te tete he momo rākau ka taea te tango tōna tara.
"The tara is made of wood, bone, or the tail of a deer.","He mea hanga te tara ki te rākau, ki te kōiwi, ki te tara o te whai rānei."
This tree is pricked or beaten.,"He mea wero, he mea whiu rānei tēnei rākau."
In some rituals the spear is used to prevent the person from dying.,I roto i ētahi tuku mātakitahi ka whakamahia te tao kia kore ai te tangata e mate.
"A European who lived among the Māori people in the 1800s, Frederick Maning, explained these types of carvings: 'Kuru and karo are at a very professional level; jabs, javelins dodging and stabbing trees.","Nā tētahi Pākehā i noho i waenganui i te iwi Māori i te rautau 1800, nā Frederick Maning ngā whakamārama mō ēnei momo kākari: 'Kei ngā taumata ngaio rawa ngā kuru me ngā karo; pakō mai, pakō atu ngā tao i te karo me te wero o ngā rākau."
"If the tree is being destroyed quickly, people should be very careful.","Inā te tere o te whakahoro i te rākau, me kanohi hōmiromiro rawa te tangata."
"Finally, the tree touched the sister-in-law; the blood of our leader is wet.","Nāwai, ā, ka pā te rākau ki te taokete; kua mākū hoki ngā toto o tō mātou rangatira."
So the war ended.,Nō reira ka mutu te whawhai.
','
Short trees,Ngā rākau poto
These short sticks are called bats.,Ko ngā rākau poto ēnei ka kīia he patu.
"One hand is holding, one hand is wrapped in blue to protect from the blows of the enemy.","Kotahi te ringa mau, kotahi te ringa e tākaia ana ki te puru hei kaupare i ngā hahau a te hoariri."
The messages,Te mau mere
"According to a 19th century writer, 'When a man is wearing a sword, he tends to grab the hair of the enemy with the left hand, so that the size of the head is well covered.","E ai ki te kaituhi o te rautau 1800, ‘I te wā e mau mere ana te tangata, e nanaiore ana ia ki te hopu i ngā makawe o te hoariri ki te ringa mauī, kia pai ai te karawhiu o te rahirahinga o te upoko."
.,Ko tētahi atu mau he hopu ki te tinana o te hoariri me te hahau i te mere ki raro i ngā rara.’
Other trees,Ētahi atu rākau
"There are also some weapons of war such as the axe, the bow, the stick, the club and the mace.","Arā anō ētahi rākau pakanga pērā i te toki, i te kōpere, i te oka, i te pātuki me te matauhitangata."
Everyone has a tree.,"He rākau tā tēnā tangata, tā tēnā tangata."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Trees in the 2000s,Te mau rākau i te tau rua mano
The death of real trees,Te haumatenga o te mau rākau tūturu
"When the Europeans arrived with their new technology, the trees gradually died.",Nō te taenga o te Pākehā me ōna hangarau hou ka tāmate haere te mau rākau.
"When the shadow was left, the gun was raised.","Ka mahue iho te taiaha, ka hikina ake te pū."
That is why the Māori wars were different.,Nō reira i rerekē ai ngā pakanga a te Māori.
"Eventually, the wastes will disappear, and some tribes will lose their own trees.","Nāwai, ka kore ngā para whakawai, ā, ka ngaro te mau rākau ake a ētahi iwi."
"There are still people who stick to trees, that is, those who are assigned to work during the night.","Arā tonu ngā iwi ka mau tonu ki te mau rākau, arā, ko te hunga ka tohua ki ngā mahi i roto i te pō kenekene."
But it was not like the actual training schools where the Māori warriors were trained.,Engari kāore i rite ki ngā kura para whakawai tūturu i whakangungua ai te pōkai toa a te iwi Māori.
The revitalization of Māori trees,Te whakarauoratanga o ngā rākau Māori
Since the 1980s the trees have been left behind.,Mai i nga tau 1980 ka whakamāui ake te mau rākau.
Today trees are one of the most important symbols of Māori culture.,I ēnei rā ko te mau rākau tētahi o ngā tohu nui o te ahurea Māori.
"This restoration took place in the 1960s between the people who brought the trees back to life, such as Irirangi Tiakiawa, Pita Sharples, Te Rangihau, Matiu Māreikura and Mita Mohi.","I hua ake tēnei whakamāuitanga i ngā tau 1960 i waenganui i ngā tāngata nā rātou te mau rākau i whakarauora, pērā i a Irirangi Tiakiawa, i a Pita Sharples, i a Te Rangihau, i a Matiu Māreikura me Mita Mohi."
Old fashioned waste,Ngā para whakawai o mohoa
"Today, the trees are limited to popular trees such as taiaha.",I ēnei rā kua whāiti te mau rākau ki ngā rākau rongonui pērā i te taiaha.
"Likewise, there are only a few legal disputes that are still open between tribes.",Waihoki he tokoiti noa iho ngā para whakawai e tuwhera tonu ana ki waenganui i ngā iwi.
The substance of the knowledge about these wastes will continue to contribute to the general public discussion.,Ko te matū o ngā mātauranga e pā ana ki ēnei para whakawai ka whai wāhi tonu ki ngā kōrero whānui a te iwi.
"The training camp at Mokoia in Rotorua, the descendants of Te Arawa and those who are hungry for trees and their traditions.","E whakangungu ana te para whakawai ki Mokoia i Rotorua, ngā uri o Te Arawa me rātou e hiakai ana ki te mau rākau me ōna tikanga."
The school is under the influence of Mita Mohi and started in the mid 1980s.,"Kei raro te kura i te awe o Mita Mohi, ā, nō te pokapū o te tekau tau 1980 tīmata ai."
"From the ruins of Te Whare Tū Taua o Aotearoa to Hoani Waititi, other classes have sprung up in many regions.",Mai i te para whakawai o Te Whare Tū Taua o Aotearoa ki Hoani Waititi kua hua ake ētahi atu akomanga ki ngā rohe maha.
This school was started by Pita Sharples to restore the Māori world to its own trees.,Nā Pita Sharples tēnei kura i tīmata hei whakahoki ake i te ao Māori ki tōna mau rākau ake.
Challenge,Wero
It is during times of challenge that the flow of the tree can be seen.,Hei ngā wā o te wero kitea ai te rere o te rākau.
"During the challenge, the winner stops and rushes forward before handing over the check (a historical token) for the guest to collect.","I te wā o te wero kua kaupare te toa, kua kōkirikiri whakamua i mua i tana tuku i te taki (he tohu maungārongo) hei kohi mā te manuhiri."
This is often seen in large gatherings.,E kitea tonutia ana tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā hui nui.
"There is one challenger in many bigs, but in some of the big hui there are three challengers.","Kotahi te kaiwero i ngā nui maha, engari kia tae ki ētahi o ngā hui nunui e toru rawa ngā kaiwero."
Crafts,Ngā mahi toi
"Since the 1980's, kapa haka has been booming in New Zealand.",Mai i ngā tau 1980 ka pohū ake te mahi kapa haka ki Aotearoa.
"At the festivals, there is no doubt that the hero will be seen swinging a sword and a weapon to be judged on stage.","Hei ngā taiopenga, kāore e kore ka kitea te toa e piu ana i te taiaha me te patu hei whakawana ake i te tūnga ki te atamira."
Eventually the sticks became part of haka team training.,Ka mutu ka noho ko te mau rākau ētahi wāhanga o ngā whakangungu kapa haka.
Speaking,Whaikōrero
These days the trees have come back to life in the talks on the marae.,I ēnei rā kua ora anō ngā mau rākau ki roto i ngā whaikōrero o runga marae.
"In the past, it didn't matter if people spoke with a short stick or a long stick.","I ngā wā o mua, kāre he aha ka whaikōrero te tangata me te rākau poto, rākau roa rānei."
Te Panekiretanga i te reo Māori is a school that revives these traditions.,Ko Te Panekiretanga i te reo Māori tētahi kura whakarauora i ēnei tikanga.
"In 2012, Pou Tēmara was probably the only person who was able to hold trees in the context of a speech.","I te tau 2012, ko Pou Tēmara anake pea te tangata i āhei ki te mau rākau i roto i te horopaki o te whaikōrero."
"Because of his work, the people of tomorrow have been able to follow the lock and the lock of their ancestors.",Nā runga i ōna mahi kua āhei anō te hunga o āpōpō ki te whai i te raka me te mau a ō rātou tīpuna.
Lake Waipunahau lies in the center of the Muaūpoko area near Taitoko (Levin); here is also a great natural resource.,E takoto mai ana te roto o Waipunahau ki te pokapū o te rohe o Muaūpoko e tū tata ana ki Taitoko (Levin); kei konei anō tētahi pūtere taiao nui whakaharahara.
"Farming has polluted the lake's water; however, now Muaūpoko and his friends are working together to improve the lake and to raise the natural fish.","Nā ngā mahi pāmu i whakakino i te wai o te roto; heoi, ināianei kei te mahi tahi a Muaūpoko me ōna hoa ki te whakapai i te roto, ki te whakaara ake anō hoki i ngā ika tūturu."
This is an example of the amount of work that Muaūpoko is accomplishing to improve their resources and promote civil rights in the region.,He tauira tēnei o te nui o ngā mahi kei te tutuki e Muaūpoko ki te whakapai ake i o rātou rauemi me te whakatairanga anō i te mana ā-iwi ki te rohe.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Tara's ancestor,Te tipuna a Tara
Ngāi Tara is the real name of Muaūpoko.,Ko Ngāi Tara te ingoa tūturu o Muaūpoko.
The people are named after their ancestor Tara.,He mea whakaingoa te iwi ki te tipuna ki a Tara.
"His parents were Whātonga, the leader of Kurahaupō , and Hotuwaipara.","Ko ōna mātua, ko Whātonga, te kaihautū o Kurahaupō, rāua ko Hotuwaipara."
"Shortly before Tara was born, a fish star landed on Hotuwaipara's finger, so their son was named Tara.","I mua tata i te whānautanga mai o Tara, ka tū te tara ika ki te mati o Hotuwaipara, nā reira tapaina ai tā rāua tama ko Tara."
"Later, the people migrated from the North West to Wellington.","Nō muri, ka heke te iwi i te Te Matau-a-Māui ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara."
"Later the tribe was named Muaūpoko, to indicate that they were the tribe that lived at the head of the North Island.","Nō muri ka tapaina te iwi ki te ingoa a Muaūpoko, hei tohu ko rātou te iwi ka noho ki te ūpoko o Te Ika-a-Māui."
Mua'upoko area,Te rohe o Muaūpoko
"In the beginning, Ngāi Tara lived in the coastal areas of Wellington and Kapiti.","I te tīmatanga, i noho a Ngāi Tara ki ngā whenua huri āwhio i Te Whanganui-a-Tara me Kapiti."
"There, they lived together with other tribes.","I reira, ka noho tahi rātou me ētahi atu iwi."
"From the 1820s, the area was invaded by the Ngāti Toa tribes of Te Āti Awa from the north.","Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1820, ka tomokia te rohe e ngā iwi o Ngāti Toa, o Te Āti Awa o te raki."
"Once the hostilities with Ngāti Toa subsided, Muaūpoko fled to the Horowhenua and Manawatū regions where he lived.","Kia tau ngā riri ki a Ngāti Toa, ka rere a Muaūpoko ki ngā rohe o Horowhenua, o Manawatū noho ai."
Land acquisition,Te rironga whenua
"In 1839, the owners of Te Ati Awa sold the lands of Te Whanganui-a-Tala to the New Zealand Company, to create European settlements.","I te tau 1839, ka hokona e ngā rangatira o Te Āti Awa ngā whenua o Te Whanganui-a-Tara ki te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Company), hei waihanga i ngā nōhanga Pākehā."
"Despite Muaūpoko's impact on the land, they were not discussed.","Ahakoa ngā pānga o Muaūpoko ki te whenua, kāore rātou i kōrerohia."
"Due to Muaūpoko's wars with other tribes, his lands in Horowhenua were also acquired.",Nā ngā pakanga a Muaūpoko ki iwi kē kua riro anō ōna whenua ki Horowhenua.
"When the European settlers arrived, the power and power of the iwi decreased.","Nō te taenga o ngā tāngata whai Pākehā, ka heke te kaha me te mana o te iwi."
"Waipunahau will be harmed by farming and logging, and the fish in the lake will die.","Ka kino a Waipunahau i ngā mahi pāmu me ngā mahi poro rākau, ka mate ngā ika o te roto."
Topic today,Muaūpoko i ēnei rā
The Ministry of Civil Affairs of Muaūpoko is located in Taitoko (Levin) and Horowhenua.,Kei Taitoko (Levin) ki Horowhenua Te Manatū ā-iwi o Muaūpoko.
It is the provider of grants for health and welfare issues.,"Koia te kaiwhakarato i ngā tahua mō ngā take hauora, toko i te ora hoki."
"The people are raising their culture, history and traditions.","Kei te hiki ake anō te iwi i āna tikanga, hītori, kōrero tuku iho."
"Muaūpoko has created a Waipunahau Guardian Group, whose main goal is to improve the water quality, fill the lake with fish, and grow trees on its banks.","Kua oti i a Muaūpoko te hanga i tētahi Rōpu Kaitiaki o Waipunahau, ko tōna whāinga matua ko te whakatika i te wai kia pai, te whakakī i te roto ki te ika, te whakatipu rākau ki ōna tahataha."
"In the 2013 census, 2,691 people claimed to be of Muaūpoko descent.","I te tataunga iwi o te tau 2013, e 2,691 ngā tāngata i kī he uri rātou nō Muaūpoko."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
The origin of iwi,Te pūtake o te iwi
The name of the people,Te ingoa o te iwi
The Muaūpoko people are descended from Tara's ancestor.,He uri whakaheke te iwi o Muaūpoko nō te tipuna a Tara.
There are many places in the area that are responsible for his name.,He maha ngā wāhi o te takiwā he mea taunaha ki tōna ingoa.
The most famous of these is Wellington.,"Ko te wāhi rongonui rawa o ēnei, ko Te Whanganui-a-Tara."
The real name of Tara's descendants is Ngāi Tara.,"Ko te ingoa tūturu o ngā uri o Tara, ko Ngāi Tara."
"However, recently they were called Muaūpoko, a reference to the fact that they are the people who live at the head of the Māui fish; this is one of the names that Te Whanganui-a-Tala is known by.","Heoi, nō ngā rā tata nei ka karangahia rātou, ko Muaūpoko, he tohu ki te mea, ko rātou te iwi e noho ana ki te ūpoko o te ika a Māui; koinei tētahi o ngā ingoa e mōhiotia nei a Te Whanganui-a-Tara."
Whatonga,Whātonga
Whātonga was the captain of Kurahaupō 's boat when he went to Te Māhia.,Ko Whātonga te rangatira o te waka a Kurahaupō i tōna ūnga ki Te Māhia.
"He was an expert sailor and the grandson of Toitehuatahi, the famous sailor throughout the Pacific.","He tohunga whakatere waka ia, ā, he mokopuna ia nā Toitehuatahi, te kaumoana rongonui puta noa i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
Nukutaurua in the interior of Te Māhia was the place where people first settled.,Ko Nukutaurua ki roto o Te Māhia te wāhi i nōhia tuatahitia e te iwi.
"While he was in Te Matau-a-Māui, Whātonga married Hotuwaipara, and they had a son named Tara.","I a ia i Te Matau-a-Māui ka moe a Whātonga i a Hotuwaipara, ka whānau mai he tama, ko Tara tōna ingoa."
He was given that name when his mother's toe stuck in the fin of a fish just before he was born.,I hoatu tērā ingoa mōna i te weronga o te matimati o tōna whāea ki te tara o te ika i mua tonu i tana whānautanga mai.
Whātonga has a careless spirit; and that was his trip to the interior of Te Moana-a-Raukawa.,"He wairua karore tō Whātonga; ā, ko tana haerenga tērā ki roto o Te Moana-a-Raukawa."
It was here that he first discovered Wellington.,Nō konei kitea tuatahi e ia a Te Whanganui-a-Tara.
He then went west to reach the Manawatū river.,"Kātahi ia ka haere mā te tai hauāuru, kia tae ki te awa o Manawatū."
"When he arrived at Aokauere, he met and married his second wife, Reletua, to get out, Tautoki;","I tōna taenga atu ki Aokauere, ka tūtaki, ka moe ia i tana wahine tuarua, i a Reretua, kia puta ki waho, ko Tautoki; nā Tautoki ko tana tamaiti, ko Tānenui-ā-rangi (rangona anō ko Rangitāne), te tipuna taketake o Rangitāne."
"Tautoki's son, Tānenui-ārangi (also known as Rangitāne), was the original ancestor of Rangitāne.","He iwi noho tuawhenua a Rangitāne, i noho ki ngā pito o te āpiti o Manawatū."
"Eventually, Whātonga returned to Te Matau-a-Māui, and Whātonga once again trusted Hotuwaipara and Tara.","Nāwai rā, ka hoki a Whātonga ki Te Matau-a-Māui, ka whakawhirinaki atu anō a Whātonga ki a Hotuwaipara rāua ko Tara."
They then headed south to Wellington.,Kātahi rātou ka ahu ki te tonga kia tae ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara.
The island of Matiu (Somes Island) was their first settlement in that area.,Ko te moutere o Matiu (Somes Island) tō rātou nōhanga tuatahi ki tērā rohe.
"Later, they moved to the largest island in the harbor, Motukairangi (now Miramar Peninsula).","Nō muri, ka hūnuku rātou ki te moutere nui rawa atu o te whanga, ki a Motukairangi (ko Miramar Peninsula ināianei)."
Dollars,Tara
"Tara is also a descendant of the great explorer, Kupe.","He uri anō hoki a Tara nō te kaihōpara nui, nō Kupe."
"During his explorations, Kupe reached Wellington, where he befriended many of his neighbors.","I āna torotoronga, i tae a Kupe ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ka taunahatia e ia te tokomaha o ōna takiwā."
"Nā Tara, Whakanui or Wakanui; and his son was Turia.","Nā Tara, ko Whakanui, ko Wakanui rānei; ā nāna ko tana tama ko Tūria."
"Tūria married Hinematua and they had a son, Te Ao Haeretahi.","Ka moe a Tūria i a Hinematua, ka puta ko tā rāua tama, ko Te Ao Haeretahi."
Te Ao Haeretahi married Rakaimāori to come out as Tūteremoana.,Ka moe a Te Ao Haeretahi i a Rakaimāori kia puta ki waho ko Tūteremoana.
"In time, Tuteremoana became the ruler of Ngāi Tara.","Ā, tōna wā ka tū a Tūteremoana hei ariki mō Ngāi Tara."
"His name is given to the rocks on the coast to the north of Whanganui Island, to the coast of Kapiti Island, and also to the fishing rocks on the south side of Barretts Reef in Te Wellington.","Ko tōna ingoa tapaina iho ai ki ngā toka o te tātahi ki te taha raki o te pūaha o Whanganui, ki te matatihi o te moutere o Kapiti, tae atu hoki ki ngā toka hī ika ki te taha tonga o te ākau o Barretts ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara."
Public land boundaries,Ngā paenga whenua ā-iwi
"The Ngāi Tara region is surrounded by the Tararua mountain range to the east, Te Moana-tapokopoko-a-Tāwhaki to the west, Rimurapa (Sinclair Head) to the south, and the Rangitīkei River to the north.","E karapotia ana te rohe o Ngāi Tara e te pae maunga o Tararua ki te rāwhiti, e Te Moana-tāpokopoko-a-Tāwhaki ki te uru, e Rimurapa (Sinclair Head) ki te tonga, e te awa o Rangitīkei ki te raki."
"In the 16th century, some of his family moved to the Tōtaranui area (Queen Charlotte Sounds) to live.","I te rau tau 1600, ka nuku ētahi o ōna hapū ki te rohe o Tōtaranui (Queen Charlotte Sounds) noho ai."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Tribal and European invasions,Ngā whakaekenga a ngā iwi me te Pākehā
1800 – 1840:,1800 – 1840:
Settlement in Wellington,Te nōhanga ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara
"By the year 1800, Ngāi Tara was living together with other tribes in their lands in Whanganui-a-Tara - Ngāti Apa, Rangitāne, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Hāmua, Ngāti Ira.","Kia taka ki te tau 1800, e noho tahi ana a Ngāi Tara me iwi kē atu ki ōna whenua ki roto o Te Whanganui-a-Tara – a Ngāti Apa, a Rangitāne, a Ngāti Kahungunu, a Ngāti Hāmua, a Ngāti Ira."
"this is why some of the land ends of Ngāi Tara were conquered; some lands were co-occupied with other tribal elements, such as Ngāti Māmoe, a tribe that also subjugated Toi.","nō konei raupatutia ētahi o ngā pito whenua o Ngāi Tara; ko ētahi whenua i nōhia ngātahitia me ētahi atu huānga iwi, pēnei i a Ngāti Māmoe, he iwi whakaheke anō i a Toi."
"Even so, Muaūpoko held on to most of his lands.","Ahakoa rā, i pupuri a Muaūpoko ki te nuinga o ōna whenua."
"From 1819, the invasions of the tribes of the north coast into the interior of the south began to be very greedy.","Atu i 1819, ka tīmata ngā whakaekenga o ngā iwi o te tai tokerau ki roto o te tonga ki te apo rawa."
"In 1822, the great migration of Ngāti Toa and Te Āti Awa, Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama reached the Kapiti coast.","Nō te tau 1822, ka tae atu te heke nui o Ngāti Toa rātou ko Te Āti Awa, ko Ngāti Mutunga, ko Ngāti Tama ki te takutai o Kapiti."
"At first, Muaūpoko welcomed Ngāti Toa.","I te tuatahi, i pōhiritia e Muaūpoko a Ngāti Toa."
"However, when a woman from Muaūpoko was killed, the anger stopped.","Heoi, nō te patunga o tētahi wahine nō Muaūpoko, ka tū te riri."
The price is the sacrifice of the Te Rauparaha family in Papaitonga.,"Ko te utu, ko te patunga o te whānau o Te Rauparaha i Papaitonga."
"Because of this, Ngāti Toa's hatred towards Muaūpoko worsened.","Nō konei, ka kino rawa atu te mauāhara o Ngāti Toa ki a Muaūpoko."
"And when the power of Ngāti Toa settled in the regions of Te Whanganui-a-Tara and Kapiti, Muaūpoko's stay was limited to Horowhenua and Manawatū.","Ā, nō te taunga o te mana o Ngāti Toa ki ngā rohe o Te Whanganui-a-Tara, o Kapiti, kua whāiti te noho a Muaūpoko ki Horowhenua me Manawatū."
Interactions with Europeans,Ngā pāhekoheko me te Pākehā
"In 1839, the New Zealand Company began to buy land in Wellington from the tribal leaders there.","I te tau 1839, ka tīmata te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Company) ki te hoko whenua ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara mai i ngā rangatira o ngā iwi o reira."
"Not a single official spoke to Muaūpoko about these land sales, and Muaūpoko did not receive a portion of the land reserved for Māori.","Kīhai tētahi āpiha kotahi i kōrero ki a Muaūpoko mō ēnei hokonga whenua, ā, kīhai hoki a Muaūpoko i whiwhi i tētahi wāhanga o ngā whenua i rāhuitia ki te Māori."
"The same is true for the lands in Kapiti, which were bought by other people, without any mention to Muaūpoko.","He pērā anō mō ngā whenua ki Kapiti, i hokona e iwi kē, kāore he kōrero ki a Muaūpoko."
These actions will be a major factor in Muaūpoko's claims to the Treaty of Waitangi Authority.,Ka tū ngā mahi nei hei kaupapa nui i ngā kerēme o Muaūpoko ki Te Rōpu Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi.
"In the 1860s, Muaūpoko fell into land wars, under their leader Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui (to the Europeans, Major Kemp).","I te tekau tau atu i 1860, ka taka a Muaūpoko ki roto i ngā pakanga whenua, i raro i tō rātou rangatira i a Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui (ki te Pākehā, ko Meiha Kemp)."
"According to Te Keepa, this is a project that allows the people to overcome their past problems.","Ki tā Te Keepa, he kaupapa tēnei e taea ai e te iwi te ranaki i ōna mate o mua."
"When the dust of the war settled down, he would get compensation through the Māori Land Court, which would return some of the land from Muaūpoko to Horowhenua.","Kia tau ngā puehu o ngā pakanga, ka whai utu ia mā Te Kōti Whenua Māori, e hoki mai ai ētahi o ngā whenua o Muaūpoko ki Horowhenua."
Some of this land was sold in the 1880s for the railroad and as homesteads for settlers.,"Ko ētahi o ngā whenua nei i hokona i te tekau tau atu i 1880 mō te rerewē, hei kāinga hoki mō ngā tāngata whai."
"There are many disputes among the people about the ownership of these lands; these disputes will be taken to the courts, to stay there for a long time; until it reached parliament, where it was discussed, and in 1896, a Royal Commission was set up to judge the matter.","He nui ngā tautohetohe i roto i te iwi mō te mana o ēnei whenua; ka kawea ēnei tautohetohe ki ngā kōti, kia noho ki reira mō tētahi wā roa; ka tae rā anō ki te whare paremata, ki reira kōrerohia ai, ā, i te tau 1896, ka whakatūria he Kōmihana Roera hei whakawā i te take nei."
"In any case, Muaūpoko lands will be taken to pay for these movements.","He aha te aha, ka riro tonu ngā whenua o Muaūpoko hei utu i ngā whakanekeneke nei."
Some land was acquired to pay for the administration of the Commission.,Ko ētahi whenua i riro hei utu i ngā whakahaere o te Kōmihana.
The fee for Te Keepa's lawyer's work is from Papaitonga to Horowhenua.,"Ko te utu mō ngā mahi a te rōia a Te Keepa, ko te roto o Papaitonga ki Horowhenua."
"Like other tribes in the 1800s and 1900s, the Muaūpoko tribe had a negative impact from land acquisitions, agriculture and European settlement.","Pērā i ētahi atu iwi i ngā rau tau 1800 me 1900, he pānga kino o ngā murunga whenua, ngā mahi ahuwhenua me te noho Pākehā ki te iwi o Muaūpoko."
"However, at this time some of the legal mistakes that affected the iwi are being corrected.","Heoi, i tēnei wā kei te whakatikatikahia ētahi o ngā hapanga ā-ture i pā ki te iwi."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Today's Topic,Muaūpoko i ēnei rā
"In 2004, the iwi administrative office was located in Taitoko (Levin) within Horowhenua.","I te tau 2004, e tū ana te tari whakahaere o te iwi ki Taitoko (Levin) ki roto o Horowhenua."
"Wellington, Wairarapa, the southern part of the North, the Taranaki region are other areas where the density of the iwi lives.","Ko Te Whanganui-a-Tara, Te Wairarapa, te taha tonga o Te Matau-a-Māui, te rohe o Taranaki ētahi atu wāhi kei reira te mātotoru o te iwi e noho ana."
"Although there is evidence that at one time there were 27 clans of the Muaūpoko tribe, only 6 clans are still active today - namely Ngāi Te Ao, Ngāti Hine, and Ngāti Pāriri. , Ngāti Tamarangi, Ngāti Whanokirangi, Punahau.","Ahakoa kei reira ngā taunaki e kī ana, tērā te wā e 27 kē ngā hapū o te iwi o Muaūpoko, e 6 noa iho ngā hapū e kaha tonu ana i tēnei wā - arā ko Ngāi Te Ao rātou ko Ngāti Hine, ko Ngāti Pāriri, ko Ngāti Tamarangi, ko Ngāti Whanokirangi, ko Punahau."
Waipunahau,Waipunahau
Waipunahau (Lake Horowhenua) is one of the most frequented places for the iwi.,Ko Waipunahau (Lake Horowhenua) tonu tētahi o ngā wāhi karapinepine ai te iwi.
Muaūpoko owns the lake and has two marae facing the water.,"Kei a Muaūpoko te mana o te roto, ā, e anga atu ōna marae e rua ki te wai."
"That's when Waipunahau is full of food - eels, sardines, goldfish, flounder, eels, as well as seabirds and kereruu.","Tērā te wā e kikī ana a Waipunahau i te kai – i te tuna, te īnanga, te koura, te pātiki, te kākahi tae atu ki ngā manu tātahi me te kererū."
"However, the lake and its banks will be damaged, due to the cutting of the forest, the drying up of the swamps, and even the discharge of agricultural waste into the lake.","Heoi, ka kino te roto me ōna tahataha, nā te tapahitanga o te ngahere, te whakamarokenga o ngā repo, tae atu ki te tukutanga o ngā para ahuwhenua ki te roto."
"Since 1996, through the Lake Horowhenua Trust, Muaūpoko has been involved in improving the condition of the lake.","Atu i te tau 1996, mā te Lake Horowhenua Trust, ka whai wāhi a Muaūpoko ki te whakatikatika i te āhua o te roto."
This is one of New Zealand's largest environmental restoration projects.,Koinei tētahi o ngā tūmahi whakaora taiao nui rawa o Aotearoa.
The goal is to restore the fish and water in the lake.,"Ko te whāinga, ko te whakaora anō i ngā ika me te wai o te roto."
Planting has started again on the banks of the water.,Kua tīmata anō te whakatō tipu ki ngā tahataha o te wai.
Public transportation,Ngā nekeneke a te iwi
The Muaūpoko Tribal Authority (Muaūpoko Tribal Authority) provides health and welfare services to the people and the wider community.,"Ko te Manatū ā-iwi o Muaūpoko (Muaūpoko Tribal Authority) te kaiwhakarato i ngā mahi hauora, toko i te ora ki te iwi, ki te hapori whānui tonu."
Muaūpoko celebrates Waitangi Day with haka and rugby team competitions.,"Ka whakanui a Muaūpoko i te rā o Waitangi, mā ngā whakataetae kapa haka, pā whutupaoro hoki."
This is a time when the clans of Muaūpoko come together to celebrate their identity.,He wā tēnei e whakakotahi mai ai ngā hapū o Muaūpoko ki te whakanui i tō rātou tuakiri.
"The main goal is to pass on the wealth of the ancestors to the next generation, so that those wealth will not be lost forever.","Ko te whāinga nui, ko te whāngai i ngā taonga a ngā tīpuna ki ngā whakatupuranga, kia kore ai aua taonga e ngaro mō ake tonu atu."
"The hope is to establish some universities to study the customs, rituals, and traditional stories of the Muaūpoko people.","Ko te wawata, kia whakatūria ētahi whare wānanga hei ako i ngā tikanga, te kawa, ngā kōrero tuku iho hoki a te iwi o Muaūpoko."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Rights and statistics,Ngā tika me ngā tatauranga
Ethnic identities,Ngā tuakiritanga ā-iwi
"In the New Zealand census since 1991, Māori people have been asked which tribe they belong to.",I ngā tatauranga o Aotearoa mai i te tau 1991 ka pātaihia ngā tāngata Māori nō tēhea iwi rātou.
Below are the numbers that mainly show people from Muaūpoko (or related to other people as well).,Kei raro ko ngā nama e whakaatu ana tokohia ngā tāngata nō Muaūpoko (e whai pānga ana rānei ki ētahi atu iwi hoki).
The iwi of the major regions are also shown below in the 2013 census.,Kei raro anō whakaatuhia ai ngā iwi o ngā rohe nunui i te tatauranga o te tau 2013.
"1991 census: 1,407","tatauranga o 1991: 1,407"
"2001 census: 1,836","tatauranga o 2001: 1,836"
"2006 census: 2,499","tatauranga o 2006: 2,499"
"2013 census: 2,691","tatauranga o 2013: 2,691"
Large areas,Ngā rohe nunui
"Momentum-Whanganui: 1,176","Manawatū-Whanganui: 1,176"
Wellington: 483,Te Whanganui-a-Tara: 483
The Muriwhenua area is the 'back of the earth'.,Ko te takiwā o Muriwhenua te ‘muringa o te whenua’.
This is the reason why this area is named.,Koinei te take whakaingoatia ai te rohe nei.
"The land in that area including the northern tip of the land, Te Rēinga, the tail of the fish.","Ko ngā whenua o taua rohe tae atu ki te whaitua raki o te whenua, a Te Rēinga, te hiku o te ika."
According to tradition this is the location of Te Rerenga Wairua.,E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho koinei te wāhi o Te Rerenga Wairua.
If the information is broad.,Inā te whānui o ngā kōrero nei.
"In the history of the six iwis, it is told how the lands of these iwis were taken and returned to them.",Kei roto i ngā hītori mō ngā iwi e ono kōrerohia ai te rironga atu me te hokinga o ngā whenua o ngā iwi nei ki a rātou.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Tribes,Ngā iwi
"There are six tribes in Muriwhenua: Ngāti Kurī, Ngāi Takoto, Te Patū, Ngāti Kahu, Te Aupōuri, and Te Rarawa.","E ono ngā iwi o Muriwhenua: ko Ngāti Kurī, ko Ngāi Takoto, ko Te Pātū, ko Ngāti Kahu, ko Te Aupōuri, ko Te Rarawa."
Lands,Ngā whenua
The territory of the Muriwhenua people is in the northernmost part of New Zealand.,Ko te rohe o ngā iwi o Muriwhenua kei te pito whakateraki rawa o Aotearoa.
extending from the Mangamuka range to Te Rēinga in the north.,ka toro atu i te pae maunga o Mangamuka ki Te Rēinga i te raki.
This is the tail of the fish that Māui caught.,Ko te hiku tēnei o te ika i hīia ake e Māui.
Kupe was the first person in this area.,Ko Kupe te tangata tuatahi ki te takiwā nei.
"He thought he saw a whale, but it was Houhora mountain, north of Kaitaia.","I pōhēhē i kite ia i tētahi tohorā, engari ko te maunga o Houhora kē, kei te raki o Kaitāia."
"Stories, stories","Ngā kōrero, ngā pūrākau"
"It contains a wealth of traditional information about the people of Muriwhenua, including the circumstances that gave them their names.","Kei roto kitea te mōmona rawa o ngā kōrero tuku iho mō ngā iwi o Muriwhenua, tae rawa atu ki ngā āhuatanga i tapaina ai o rātou ingoa."
"Ngāti Kurī's name means 'the people of the dog', and was named so because of their ability to repel the enemy by making whales out of their fur.","Ko te tikanga o te ingoa o Ngāti Kurī, ‘ko te iwi o te kurī’, i whakaingoatia pērātia, nā runga i tō rātou whakapātari i te hoariri ki tātahi mā te hanga tohorā ki ō rātou kahu waero."
Another story describes a nose outlet in Murimotu village.,Ko tētahi atu kōrero e whakamārama ana i tētahi putanga ihu i te pā o Murimotu.
"The chief Tūmatahina ordered his people to walk individually and flee the wall, to step on the footprints of those in front of them, not to leave a sign that they had already fled.","I whakahauhia e te rangatira e Tūmatahina tana iwi kia takitahi te hīkoi i a rātou ka rere i te pā, kia takahia ngā tapuwae o te mea kei mua, kia kaua e mahue iho he tohu kua rere kē rātou."
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
61 Muriwhenua chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 in the hope that their lands would be protected by its laws.,E 61 ngā rangatira o Muriwhenua i haina i te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1840 nā runga i te tūmanako ka tiakina o rātou whenua e ōna ture.
"Over the years, the iwi's large estates were lost to the followers or the government.","Heke iho i ngā tau ka ngaro ngā whenua nui o te iwi i ngā tāngata whai, i te kāwanatanga rānei."
"In 1994, the iwi filed its claim before the Tribunal at the Treaty of Waitangi.","Atu i 1994, ka heria e te iwi tōna kerēme ki te aroaro o te Rōpu Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi."
Each tribe has its own place where its claims are heard.,"Kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi tōna ake wāhi e rangona ai o rātou kerēme."
Muriwhenua these days,Muriwhenua i ēnei rā
"In 2013 there were over 40,000 Muriwhenua people in New Zealand.","I te tau 2013 neke atu i te 40,000 ngā tāngata o ngā iwi o Muriwhenua kei Aotearoa puta noa."
"After 1950, many of them moved to the big cities and ended up with a little more than a third of the people of Muriwhenua living at home.","Atu i 1950 he nui rātou i hūnuku ki ngā tāone nunui ka mutu, paku ake i te hautoru o ngā tāngata o Muriwhenua e noho ana ki te wā kāinga."
"About 18,000 live in the Auckland region.","Tata ki te 18,000 e noho ana ki te rohe o Tāmaki-makaurau."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Ancestors,Ngā tīpuna
"Muriwhenua is a collective name for six tribes: Ngāti Kurī and Ngāi Takoto, Te Patū, Ngāti Kahu, Te Aupōuri and Te Rarawa.","He ingoa whakahuihui a Muriwhenua mō ngā iwi e ono: a Ngāti Kurī rātou ko Ngāi Takoto, ko Te Pātū, ko Ngāti Kahu, ko Te Aupōuri, ko Te Rarawa."
The Tail of the Fish,Te Hiku-o-te-Ika
The Muriwhenua iwi live in the lands that stretch from the Mangamuka plateau north to Te Rēinga.,E noho ana ngā iwi o Muriwhenua ki ngā whenua e totoro atu i te paeroa o Mangamuka ki te raki ki Te Rēinga.
Legend has it that this is the tail of a fish that Māui caught in the depths of the ocean.,Kei ngā kōrero paki e mea ana koinei te hiku o te ika i hīia e Māui i te hōhonutanga o te moana.
"The elders of Muriwhenua say that even though the head of the Māui fish is in Wellington, the head will only go where the tail allows!","Ka kōrero ana ngā kaumātua o Muriwhenua, ahakoa kei Te Whanganui-a-Tara te ūpoko o te ika a Māui, haere noa ai te ūpoko ki ngā wāhi tērā ka whakaaetia e te hiku!"
Kupe's unveiling,Te hurainatanga a Kupe
Ngāti Kurī say that the great pilot Kupe discovered the land.,E kī ana a Ngāti Kurī nā te kaiurungi nui nā Kupe te whenua i hura.
"He thought he saw a whale, but it was Mount Houhora.","I pōhēhē ia i kite a ia i tētahi tohorā, engari ko te maunga o Houhora kē."
The people of Kupe lived in the lands from Te Rēinga to Pārengarenga Bay.,Noho rawa ai te iwi o Kupe ki ngā whenua atu i Te Rēinga ki te whanga o Pārengarenga.
Kupe pledged the land from Te Ara Wairua to Te Rēinga.,Nā Kupe te whenua i taunaha atu i Te Ara Wairua ki Te Rēinga.
"According to Ngāti Kahu traditions, Kupe lived in the Karikari Peninsula, the Tokerau Peninsula, the Whangaroa Bay and the Matauri Bay.","Kei roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho a Ngāti Kahu, i nohonoho a Kupe ki te kūrae o Karikari, te onepū o Tokerau, te whanga o Whangaroa me te whanga o Matauri hoki."
It is said that Te Aukānapanapa led Kupe ashore to the base of Mount Whakārāra in Matauri Bay.,E kōrerohia ana nā Te Aukānapanapa a Kupe i ārahi ki uta ki te take o te maunga o Whakarārā kei te whanga o Matauri.
"Te Aupōuri and Te Rarawa agree that Kupe landed at Hokianga and when he returned to Hawaiki he raised the tides to hit the western coast of Te Tokerau, the Oneroa-a-Tōhē.","E whakaae tahi ana a Te Aupōuri me Te Rarawa, i tau a Kupe ki Hokianga ā, i tana hokinga ki Hawaiki ka whakaarahia e ia ngā tai āki kia tukia te tai hauāuru o Te Tai Tokerau, o te Oneroa-a-Tōhē."
Take care,Tūmatahina
"During the siege of Muriwhenua, the people's food was running out.",I te wā e whakapaeangatia ana te pā o Muriwhenua e pau haere ana ngā kai o te iwi.
"This is why Tūmatahina instructed the iwi to build statues of people on the raupō, and set them up on the walls of the pā.","Nō konei ka tohu a Tūmatahina ki te iwi kia hangaia ngā whakapakoko tangata ki te raupō, ka whakatūtūhia ki ngā tūwatawata o te pā."
Later they twisted the flax into a rope and tied it to a rock on the shore.,"I muri mai ka whiria e rātou te harakeke hei taura, ka herea ki tētahi toka kei uta."
"When the work was completed, Tūmatahina asked his people to descend one by one by rope, so that the footsteps of the former and the latter would be trodden on.","Nō te otinga o ngā mahi ka tono a Tūmatahina kia heke takitahi tōna iwi mā te taura, kia takahia ngā tapuwae o te mea o mua e ngā mea o muri."
"Because of this they deceived the invading army, they suspected that the iwi was still in their wall.","Nā konei i tinihangatia ai e rātou te ope whakaeke, e pōhēhē ana rātou kei roto tonu te iwi rā i tō rātou pā."
Muriwhenua has a song celebrating this event:,He waiata tā Muriwhenua e whakanui ana i tēnei mahi:
"Sow, sow, sweep, sweep,","Ruia, ruia, tahia, tahia,"
"Let the gathering die,","Kia hemo te kākoakoa,"
Let it be bound by the cocoon.,Kia herea mai i te kawau korokī.
"Let's call from the cell phone, with the heart,","Kia tātaki mai i roto i te pūkorokoro, whaikoro,"
"The bird, the bird that is blooming,","Te kūaka, he kūaka mārangaranga,"
"A bird that has landed on the fire, fly away, fly away, fly away!","Tahi manu i tau ki te tāhuna, tau atu, tau atu, tau atu!"
The kūaka is a symbol for the people of Muriwhenua.,He tohu te kūaka mō ngā iwi o Muriwhenua.
"In the spring season, the tern migrates from the Northern Hemisphere to gather in the harbors of the Muriwhenua area.","Hei te kaupeka o te kōanga heke ai te kūaka i te tuakoi raki, kia hui ki ngā whanga o te rohe o Muriwhenua."
"In the fall they will leave together, like the people of Tūmatahina who left their village.","Hei te ngahuru ka wehe tahi atu rātou, pērā i te iwi o Tūmatahina i puta i tō rātou pā."
Argue,Tōhē
Tōhē was a Ngāti Kahu chief.,He rangatira a Tōhē nō Ngāti Kahu.
He has great ancestors from Muriwhenua.,He tipuna nui a ia nō roto i a Muriwhenua.
He lived at Mount Piko in Kapowairua Bay.,I noho ia ki Maunga Piko ki te whanga o Kapowairua.
"His daughter Rāninikura married a man from Kaipara, near Tākiwira.","Ka moe tana tamāhine a Rāninikura i tētahi tangata nō Kaipara rā anō, kei te wāhi e pātata ana ki Tākiwira."
"When he was old, Tōhē announced that he was going south to see his daughter before he died.",Kia kaumātua a ia ka puta te ōhākī a Tōhē kei te haere ia ki te tonga kia kite i tana tamāhine i mua i tōna matenga.
"Because of his old age, his people asked him not to go.",Nā tona kaumātuatanga ka tono tōna iwi kia kaua ia e haere.
Tohe replied:,Ka whakahoki a Tōhē:
Double the amount of air that can be avoided.,Whakarua i te hau e taea te karo.
"Double my daughter, you can't avoid coming back","Whakarua i taku tamāhine, e kore e taea te karo"
"anywhere,","Taea Hokianga ā hea ā hea,"
what you do will grab my soul.,"Ko tā koutou mahi e kapo ake ai, ko taku wairua."
"From this story comes the name of Kapowairua, the real name of Spirits Bay.","Nō tēnei kōrero ka takea mai te ingoa a Kapowairua, te ingoa tūturu o Spirits Bay."
"When Tōhē went south, he named 100 places on the west coast.","Ka heke a Tōhē ki te tonga, ka whakaingoatia e ia ngā wāhi 100 ki te tai hauāuru."
He died at Whāngaiariki on the slopes of Mount Maunganui before he reached his daughter's home.,I mate a ia ki Whāngaiariki kei te pari o Maunganui i mua i tana taenga ki te kāinga o tana tamāhine.
The places named by Tōhē stand as a reminder of this solitary journey.,Ka tū ngā wāhi i tapaina e Tōhē hei whakamaumaharatanga mō tēnei haerenga mokemoke āna.
The most famous name of these undertakings is Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē.,"Ko te ingoa rongonui rawa atu o ēnei taunahatanga, ko Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē."
The Houtaewa,Te Houtaewa
Te Houtaewa was a descendant of the great chief of Te Aupōuri through Te Ikanui.,Hei uri a Te Houtaewa mā te rangatira nui o Te Aupōuri mā Te Ikanui.
He is famously brave.,He māia rongonui a ia.
It was because of a plan that he stood and placed Hukatere as a boundary between Te Rarawa and Te Aupōuri.,Nō tētahi mahinga i tū ai ia ka whakatakotoria ko Hukatere hei paenga whenua ki waenganui i a Te Rarawa me Te Aupōuri.
"There was a time when he ran the length of the sand from Te Kao to Ahipara, to take big baskets full of kumara from Te Rarawa.","Tērā tētahi wā i omangia e ia te roanga o te one mai i Te Kao ki Ahipara, ki te tango i ngā kete nui, kikī ana i ngā kūmara a Te Rarawa."
"He was chased by the people there, and despite the kumaras he was carrying, he was never caught.","Ka taki whāia ia e ngā iwi o reira, ā, ahakoa ngā kūmara e kawea ana e ia, kore rawa a ia i mau."
Later Te Houtaewa led Te Aupōuri to a great battle at Hukatere.,Nō muri ka arahina e Te Houtaewa a Te Aupōuri ki tētahi pakanga nui ki Hukatere.
Ngāpuhi and Te Rarawa were enemies under the influence of the leaders Hongi Hika and Te Poroa.,Ko Ngāpuhi me Te Rarawa te hoariri i raro i te awe o ngā rangatira a Hongi Hika rāua ko Te Pōroa.
"In this war, Ngāruhe - the surviving son of Whēru, the chief of Te Aupōuri - was released to be captured by Ngāpuhi, to be tortured and killed, so that his relatives would appear.","I tēnei pakanga, ka tukuna a Ngāruhe - te mōrehu tama a Whēru te rangatira o Te Aupōuri - kia hopungia a ia e Ngāpuhi, kia whakamamaetia, kia patua, e puta ai ōna whanaunga."
"During this battle, Te Houtaewa was shot by Hongi Hika, chased, captured and killed at Pukenui, which is close to Houhora Harbour.","I tēnei pakanga ka pūhia a Te Houtaewa e Hongi Hika, ka whāia, ka mau, ka patua ki Pukenui, e pātata ana ki te whanga o Houhora."
From that time Hukatere became the border between Te Rarawa and Te Aupōuri.,Mai i taua wā ka noho ko Hukatere te paenga whenua ki waenganui i a Te Rarawa rāua ko Te Aupōuri.
"Page 2. Ngāti Kurī and Ngāi Takoto, Te Pātū and Ngāti Kahu","Whārangi 2. Ngāti Kurī rātou ko Ngāi Takoto, ko Te Pātū, ko Ngāti Kahu"
Ngāti Kurī,Ngāti Kurī
"Ngāti Kurī is descended from Pōhurihanga, the owner of the Kurahaupō boat.","Ka whakapapa mai a Ngāti Kurī i a Pōhurihanga, te rangatira o te waka o Kurahaupō."
"The boat landed at Takapaukura / Wākura, a place close to Spirit Flight.","I ū te waka nei ki Takapaukura / Wākura, he wāhi e pātata ana ki te Rerenga Wairua."
"When they landed, that place was called Pōhurihanga, 'the Muri-o-te-whenua' - hence the name for the people of Muriwhenua.","I tō rātou taunga, ka kīia taua wāhi e Pōhurihanga, ‘te Muri-o-te-whenua’ – nō reira ahu mai ai te ingoa mō ngā iwi o Muriwhenua."
"Pōhurihanga married Maieke, and their descendants occupied the lands of Kapowairua, Pārengarenga Bay, and Murimotu.","Ka moe a Pōhurihanga i a Maieke, ka nōhia e ō rāua uri ngā whenua o Kapowairua, o te whanga o Pārengarenga, o Murimotu."
Their daughter Muriwhenua moved to Karikari to marry Rongokako of Tākitimu .,"I hūnuku tō rāua tamāhine a Muriwhenua, ki Karikari, kia moe i a Rongokako o te waka o Tākitimu."
It is in the tradition that explains how the iwi came to be called Ngāti Kurī.,Kei roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho e whakamārama ana i te āhua i tapaina ai te iwi ki a Ngāti Kurī.
"When they attacked a wall, the wall did not collapse.","I tā rātou whakaekenga i runga i tētahi pā, kīhai te pā i horo."
This is why they have made a whale out of their cotton wool and set it up on the beach.,Nō konei kua hangaia e rātou he tohorā mai i o rātou kahu waero ka whakatūhia ki runga i te tātahi.
"Due to the sighting of whales on the beach, people have come out to collect their bones and meat.",Nā te kitenga o te pā i ngā tohorā i runga i te tātahi kua puta mai te iwi ki te apu i ngā kōiwi me ōna kiko.
When they came out they took the public harvest.,I te putanga mai ka mau rātou i te kokoti a te iwi.
That is the story of Ihutara's funeral on the island of Motukurī in the harbor of Pārengarenga.,Tērā te kōrero mō te tangihanga a Ihutara ki te moutere o Motukurī ki te whanga o Pārengarenga.
During the feast dogs are served as food.,I te wā o te hākari ka horahia ngā kurī hei kai.
Ngāi Takoto and Te Patū,Ngāi Takoto rāua ko Te Pātū
The tribes of Ngāi Takoto and Te Pātū are also descended from the Kurahaupō waka .,Ka whakapapa mai anō ngā iwi o Ngāi Takoto me Te Pātū i te waka o Kurahaupō.
Pōhurihanga e Tūwhakatere married two women.,E rua ngā wāhine i moea e te uri whakaheke o Pōhurihanga e Tūwhakatere.
"To his first wife, Tüterangi-a-tōhia, they had a son called Popota; in his day he became the great ancestor of Te Pātū.",Ki tana wahine tuatahi a Tūterangi-a-tōhīa ka whānau mai tā rāua tama ko Popota; ka tū ia i ōna rā hei tipuna nui nō Te Pātū.
"Tūwhakatere and his second wife, Tūpoia, had a son, Hoka.","Nā Tūwhakatere rāua ko tana wahine tuarua a Tūpoia, ka whānau mai tā rāua tama, ko Hoka."
Ngāi Takoto was named after Hoka's defeat in battle.,I tapaina ai te ingoa o Ngāi Takoto i te hingatanga a Hoka i roto i te pakanga.
Tūwhakatere was so sad that he lay there and died.,He pērā rawa te pōuri a Tūwhakatere ka takoto ia ki reira tonu ka mate.
Ngāti Kahu,Ngāti Kahu
The name of the tribe comes from Tumoana's daughter Kahutianui-o-te-rangi.,I takea mai te ingoa o te iwi i te tamāhine a Tūmoana i a Kahutianui-o-te-rangi.
Tūmoana is the owner of Tinana 's boat .,Ko Tūmoana te rangatira o te waka a Tinana.
"When he returned to Hawaiki, his nephew Te Parata renamed the boat, Māmaru .","Ka hoki ia ki Hawaiki, ka whakaingoatia anōtia e tana irāmutu e Te Parata te waka, ko Māmaru."
"When Māmaru returned to the Muriwhenua region, the first land they saw was the Puwheke mountain.","Nō te hokinga o Māmaru ki te rohe o Muriwhenua, ko te whenua i kitea tuatahitia e rātou, ko te maunga o Pūwheke."
"Te Parata married Kahutianui-o-te-rangi, and their descendants occupied the harbors of Rangaunu and Tokerau.","Ka moe a Te Parata i a Kahutianui-o-te-rangi, ka nōhia e ō rāua uri ngā whanga o Rangaunu me Tokerau."
"The descendants spread south to Whangaroa Bay, Matauri Bay and Te Tī, where they slept with the descendants of Puhi, the owner of Mataatua's boat .","Ka hōrapa ngā uri ki te tonga ki te whanga o Whangaroa, ki te whanga o Matauri me Te Tī, ki reira moe ai ki ngā uri o Puhi, te rangatira o te waka a Mataatua."
"Tamatea was the captain of Tākitimu's boat , which landed at Awanui in Rangaunu harbor; (this is an important mathematical connection; at that time Ngāti Kahu were known as Ngāi Tamatea.) Other important waka to Ngāti Kahu were:","Ko Tamatea te rangatira o te waka a Tākitimu, i pae ki Awanui kei te whanga o Rangaunu; (he hononga tātai nui tenei; tērā te wā i mōhiotia a Ngāti Kahu, ko Ngāi Tamatea.) Ko ētahi atu waka nui ki a Ngāti Kahu ko:"
"Riukakara , settled in Mangonui, Paoa was the chief","Riukakara, i tau ki Mangonui, ko Pāoa te rangatira o runga"
"Waipapa , located in Karikari kurae, the chiefs were Kaiwhetū and Wairere.","Waipapa, i tau ki te kūrae o Karikari, ko ngā rangatira o runga ko Kaiwhetū rāua ko Wairere."
"Ruakaramea , its rulers were Moehuri and Tukiata (according to another story Te Uriparaoa and Te Papawi were the rulers).","Ruakaramea, ko ōna rangatira ko Moehuri rāua ko Tukiata (e ai kī tētahi atu kōrero ko Te Uriparāoa rāua ko Te Papawi kē ngā rangatira)."
"In those days, Ngāti Kahu were famous for their marau among the coastal tribes and their trading activities in distant places, including Waipoua forest, Whāngārei, Mahurangi and elsewhere.","I ōna rā, he iwi rongonui a Ngāti Kahu mō ā rātou marau i ngā iwi o te takutai me a rātou mahi tauhokohoko ki ngā wāhi tawhiti, tae rawa atu ki te ngahere o Waipoua, ki Whāngārei, ki Mahurangi, ki kō atu hoki."
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Darkness and Darkness,Te Aupōuri me Te Rarawa
Te Aupōuri and Te Rarawa have many ferries:,He maha ngā waka o Te Aupōuri me Te Rarawa:
The boat was Matawhaorua and Kupe was the captain,Ko Matawhaorua te waka ko Kupe te rangatira
Kurahaupō was the boat and Pōhurihanga was the captain,Ko Kurahaupō te waka ko Pōhurihanga te rangatira
"Ngātokimatawhaorua , Nukutwahiti was the ruler","Ko Ngātokimatawhaorua, ko Nukutawhiti te rangatira"
"The leaders were Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi , Rongomai and Whakatau.","Ko Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi, ko Rongomai rāua ko Whakatau ngā rangatira."
"The main vehicle of Te Aupōuri is Māmari , the man is Ruanui.","Ko te waka matua o Te Aupōuri ko Māmari, ko Ruanui te tangata."
Ruanui's descendants live on the west coast of North Korea.,Noho rawa ngā uri o Ruanui ki te tai hauāuru o Te Tai Tokerau.
"Te Rarawa celebrates their release from Tinana 's boat , led by Tūmoana.","E whakanuia ana e Te Rarawa tā rātou whakahekenga mai i te waka o Tinana, i ārahina e Tūmoana."
"The descendants of Tūmoana spread north of Hokianga, heading northeast to Mount Taniwha.","Ka hōrapa ngā uri o Tūmoana ki te raki o Hokianga, ahu whakaterāwhiti ana ki Maunga Taniwha."
"Eventually, Tūmoana returned to Hawaiki, leaving behind his son Tamahotu and his daughter Kahutianui-o-te-rangi in Tauroa.","Nāwai ā, ka hoki a Tūmoana ki Hawaiki, ka whakarere mai ki Tauroa ko tana tama a Tamahotu rāua ko tana tamāhine a Kahutianui-o-te-rangi."
It is said that the ancestors of Te Aupōuri and Te Rarawa traveled around Mirupōkai in the North Island on Mataatua's boat .,E kīia ana i huri taiāwhio te tipuna o Te Aupōuri me Te Rarawa a Mirupōkai i Te Ika-a-Māui mā runga i te waka a Mataatua.
The Darkness,Te Aupōuri
The real name of Te Aupōuri is Ngāti Ruānui.,Ko Ngāti Ruānui te ingoa tūturu o Te Aupōuri.
"They had a close relationship with Te Rarawa, because of the bed of Waimirirangi and Kairewa.","He hononga tata ō ratou ki a Te Rarawa, nā te moenga o Waimirirangi rāua ko Kairewa."
"Their daughter Haere-ki-te-rā was an ancestor of the Ngāti Ruānui leaders, Whēru and Te Ikanui.","He tipuna tā rāua tamāhine a Haere-ki-te-rā nō ngā rangatira o Ngāti Ruānui, a Whēru rāua ko Te Ikanui."
"Pare is another daughter; they and her husband Te Rēinga, and her brother Tamatea were some of the great ancestors of the iwi before Te Rarawa.","Ko Pare tētahi atu tamāhine; ko rātou ko tana tāne a Te Rēinga, ko tana tungāne a Tamatea ētahi o ngā tīpuna nui o te iwi i mua i a Te Rarawa."
The territory of Ngāti Ruānui is located between the harbors of Whāngāpē and Herekino.,Kei ngā whanga o Whāngāpē me Herekino te rohe o Ngāti Ruānui.
"Eventually, there was a conflict between the elements of Ngāti Te Rēinga and Ngāti Kairewa, Ngāti Manawa, and Ngāti Te Aewa.","Nāwai ā, ka tutū te puehu i waenganui ki ngā huānga a Ngāti Te Rēinga rātou ko Ngāti Kairewa, ko Ngāti Manawa, ko Ngāti Te Aewa."
"These tribes are strong in their homes in Motutī, Whakarapa and Motukauri; these villages are located on the shores in the north of Hokianga.","E kaha ana te tū o ēnei iwi i ō rātou kāinga i Motutī, i Whakarapa, i Motukauri; ko enei kāinga kei ngā tātahi i te raki o Hokianga."
"There were many wars between these tribes in the harbors of Whāngāpē of Herekino, including Ahipara and Hukatere in Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē.","He maha ngā pakanga i waenganui i ngā iwi nei ki ngā whanga o Whāngāpē o Herekino, tae atu ki Ahipara me Hukatere kei Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē."
"In one of these battles, Ikanui and Whēru mā were besieged in their Pawarenga, in Whāngāpē.","I tētahi o ēnei pakanga i whakapaea a Ikanui rātou ko Whēru mā i roto i tō rātou pā a Pawarenga, kei Whāngāpē."
One night they set fire to the equipment of the bar to make the current flow.,I tētahi pō ka tahuna rātou ngā taputapu o te pā kia rere te au.
Their noses came out of the current of darkness.,Mā te au pōuri nei i puta ai o rātou ihu.
From that time Ngāti Ruānui was known as Te Aupōuri.,"Mai i tēra wā ka mōhiotia a Ngāti Ruānui, ko Te Aupōuri."
The Warehouse,Te Rarawa
Te Rarawa's name comes from a job on the shores of Kaipara Harbour.,I ahu mai te ingoa o Te Rarawa i tētahi mahi i ngā tātahi i te whanga o Kaipara.
"There was a tapairu lord named Te Ripo, who was killed by a warrior from Kaipara.","Tērā tētahi ariki tapairu ko Te Ripo, i whakamatea e tētahi taua nō Kaipara."
Ngāmotu led the death squad and chased the killers to the southern side of Kaipara Bay.,"I arahina e Ngāmotu te taua rānaki mate, ka whāia ngā kaikōhuru ki te taha tonga o te whanga o Kaipara."
"However, the enemy fled and crossed the harbor to reach their fort at Okika.","Heoi, ka rere te hoariri, ka whakawhiti i te whanga kia tae ki tō rātou pā ki Okika."
Their karakia will cause the waters of the harbor to be confused and the Ngāmotu army will not be able to cross.,Ka heua a rātou karakia e pohepohe ai ngā wai o te whanga e kore ai e taea e te taua o Ngāmotu te whakawhiti atu.
"Because of their prowess, Ngāmotu's army entered a cemetery on the shores of the harbor and took out the remains of a priest.","Nā tō rātou pōkaikaha, ka toro te taua o Ngāmotu ki roto i tētahi urupā kei ngā takutai o te whanga, ka hahua ngā kōiwi o tētahi tohunga."
The bones are cremated and the ashes are thrown into the harbor to wash away the water.,"Ka tahuna ngā kōiwi, ka whiua ngā pungarehu ki te whanga kia rokia ngā wai."
They also affect a part of the body.,Ka apungia hoki e rātou tētahi wāhi o te tinana.
"When Toko's grandmother saw these actions, she said, 'The people have just eaten a lot!' and the saying 'Te Rarawakaiwhare!' This is why the people are called Te Rarawa.","Nō te kitenga o te kuia a Toko i ēnei mahi ka kī, ‘Kātahi anō te iwi kai rarawa!’ me te kōrero nei ‘Te Rarawakaiwhare!’ Nō konei ka karangahia te iwi nei, ko Te Rarawa."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
First encounters with Europeans,Ngā tūtakitanga tuatahi ki te Pākehā
Waitangi Street,Te Tiriti o Waitangi
"On 28 April 1840, 61 Muriwhenua chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Kaitaia.","I te 28 o Āperira 1840, e 61 ngā rangatira o Muriwhenua i haina i te Tiriti o Waitangi i Kaitāia."
Lieutenant Governor Hopihon said that the treaty would govern the Europeans and that the treaty would protect the lands and interests of the Māori.,"Nā Rūtene Kāwana Hopihona te kōrero, mā te tiriti ngā tāngata whai Pākehā e whakahaere ā, mā te tiriti anō e tiaki ngā whenua me ngā pānga o te Māori."
He did not reveal that the Europeans would take over the kingdom of this country.,Kāore ia i whāki atu ka riro i te Pākehā te rangatiratanga o tēnei whenua.
"Nöpera Pana-kareao expressed her thoughts on this story, 'The Queen took the form of the land, the body of the land was left to the Māori'.","I whakahuatia e Nōpera Pana-kareao ōna whakaaro ki tēnei kōrero, ‘Ko te atarau o te whenua i riro i te Kuini, ko te tinana o te whenua i waiho ki ngā Māori’."
"One year later, he changed his words like this, ""the body of the land belongs to the Queen, only the land is left to the Māori"".","Kotahi tau i muri mai ka hurihia pēneihia e ia tana kōrero, “ko te tinana o te whenua kei te Kuini, ko te atarau anake i mahue ki te Māori”."
Land acquisitions,Ngā rironga whenua
Muriwhenua was badly affected by the Crown's Māori land laws.,I tāmia kino a Muriwhenua e ngā ture whenua Māori a te Karauna.
"Due to the Crown's investigations into European land purchases before the treaty was signed, the Europeans acquired 8,100 hectares of land.","Nā ngā rangahau a te Karauna ki ngā hokonga whenua a te Pākehā i mua i te hainatanga i te tiriti, ka riro i te Pākehā te 8,100 heketea whenua."
"The Crown also took 10,500 hectares of land for itself under the Ancillary Lands Act.","Ka tangohia anōtia e te Karauna ngā whenua 10,500 heketea mōna anō ki raro i te ture o Ngā Whenua Āpiti."
"By 1865, another 113,000 hectares had been acquired.","Kia tae ki te tau 1865, kua riro atu anō te 113,000 heketea."
"In 1890, the government acquired 31,000 hectares.","Nō te tau 1890, kua riro hoki te 31,000 heketea ki te kāwanatanga."
"Because of this, there is not much land in Muriwhenua where the iwi can live and follow the customs of their ancestors.",Nō konei kua kore e rahi ngā whenua o Muriwhenua e taea ai e ngā iwi te noho me te whai i ngā tikanga a ō rātou tīpuna.
Muriwhenua these days,Muriwhenua i ēnei rā
"In 2013 there were over 40,000 Muriwhenua people in New Zealand.","I te tau 2013 neke atu i te e 40,000 ngā tāngata o ngā iwi o Muriwhenua kei Aotearoa puta noa."
"Due to large land acquisitions and pressure on Māori society, culture, economy and politics, including the mass migration of Māori to the cities in the 1950s, less than 12,000 descendants of Muriwhenua live in the North Island region in 2013.","Nā te nui o ngā whenua i riro me te pēhi o ngā hapori, ngā tikanga, te ōhanga me ngā mahi tōrangapū a te Māori, tae atu ki te hekenga nui a te Māori ki ngā tāone atu i te tau 1950, e paku iho i te 12,000 ngā uri o Muriwhenua e noho ana ki te rohe o Te Tai Tokerau i te tau 2013."
"Most of them are outside the region where they live, but there are 18,000 descendants of immigrants in the Auckland region.","Ko te nuinga o rātou kei waho ake o te rohe e noho ana, ina rā e 18,000 ngā uri whakaheke kei te rohe o Tāmaki-makaurau e noho ana."
Treaty matters,Ngā take tiriti
"Since the 1960s, Muriwhenua people have played an important role in the political affairs of the Treaty of Waitangi.","Mai anō i te tekau tau atu i 1960, he tūranga nui tō ngā iwi o Muriwhenua ki ngā take tōrangapū a te Tiriti o Waitangi."
Whina Cooper led the march from Te Hāpua to parliament in 1975 for Māori land issues.,Nā Whina Cooper i ārahi te hīkoi mai i Te Hāpua ki te whare paremata i te tau 1975 mō ngā whenua Māori te take.
The Muriwhenua iwi also played an important role in the claims before the Treaty of Waitangi Ratification Party; since 1994 they have made many claims.,He tūranga nui anō tō ngā iwi o Muriwhenua i ngā kerēme ki mua i te aroaro o te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi; atu i te tau 1994 he maha ngā kerēme i whakatakotoria e rātou.
The Muriwhenua Fisheries Report (1988) played an important role in the 1992 settlement of Māori claims to fisheries resources in the Uriuri Sea.,"He wāhi nui tō te Pūrongo Hī Ika a Muriwhenua (1988), i hua mai ai te whakataunga o 1992 mō ngā kerēme a te Māori ki ngā rawa hao ika kei te moana uriuri."
The Report on Ngā Whenua o Muriwhenua (1997) set out information about the acquisition of land and the harm that it would cause to the iwi.,Nā te Pūrongo mō Ngā Whenua o Muriwhenua (1997) i whakatakoto ngā kōrero mō te rironga o ngā whenua me ngā tūkinotanga ka pā ki te iwi.
"In the initial negotiations, it was said that decisions should fall under Te Rūnanga o Muriwhenua.","I ngā whiriwhiringa tuatahitanga, i kōrerohia kia taka ngā whakataunga ki raro i Te Rūnanga o Muriwhenua."
"However, after disputes between iwi, each iwi prepared its own settlement.","Heoi, nō muri i ngā tautohetohe i waenganui i ngā iwi, ka whakaritea e tēnā iwi me tēnā iwi tōna ake whakataunga."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Rights and statistics,Ngā tika me ngā tatauranga
Ethnic identities,Ngā tuakiritanga ā-iwi
"In the New Zealand census since 1991, Māori people have been asked which tribe they belong to.",I ngā tatauranga o Aotearoa mai i te tau 1991 ka pātaihia ngā tāngata Māori nō tēhea iwi rātou.
Below are the numbers that show people from Muriwhenua (or related to other people as well).,Kei raro ko ngā nama e whakaatu ana tokohia ngā tāngata nō Muriwhenua (e whai pānga ana rānei ki ētahi atu iwi hoki).
The iwi of the major regions are also shown below in the 2013 census.,Kei raro anō whakaatuhia ai ngā iwi o ngā rohe nunui i te tatauranga o te tau 2013.
Lying Down,Ngāi Takoto
1991 census: 186,tatauranga o 1991: 186
2001 census: 489,tatauranga o 2001: 489
2006 census: 774,tatauranga o 2006: 774
"2013 census: 1,113","tatauranga o 2013: 1,113"
Large areas,Ngā rohe nunui
North: 495,Te Tai Tokerau: 495
Auckland: 369,Tāmaki-makaurau: 369
Ngāti Kahu,Ngāti Kahu
"1991 census: 4,275","tatauranga o 1991: 4,275"
"2001 census: 6,957","tatauranga o 2001: 6,957"
"2006 census: 8,313","tatauranga o 2006: 8,313"
"2013 census: 8,580","tatauranga o 2013: 8,580"
Large areas,Ngā rohe nunui
"Auckland: 3,747","Tāmaki-makaurau: 3,747"
"North: 2,733","Te Tai Tokerau: 2,733"
Ngāti Kurī,Ngāti Kurī
"1991 census: 1,395","tatauranga o 1991: 1,395"
"2001 census: 4,647","tatauranga o 2001: 4,647"
"2006 census: 5,757","tatauranga o 2006: 5,757"
"2013 census: 6,492","tatauranga o 2013: 6,492"
Large areas,Ngā rohe nunui
"Auckland: 2,781","Tāmaki-makaurau: 2,781"
"North: 2,040","Te Tai Tokerau: 2,040"
The Darkness,Te Aupōuri
"1991 census: 6,720","tatauranga o 1991: 6,720"
"2001 census: 7,848","tatauranga o 2001: 7,848"
"2006 census: 9,333","tatauranga o 2006: 9,333"
"2013 census: 8,700","tatauranga o 2013: 8,700"
Large areas,Ngā rohe nunui
"Auckland: 3,828","Tāmaki-makaurau: 3,828"
"North: 2,109","Te Tai Tokerau: 2,109"
The Warehouse,Te Rarawa
"1991 census: 5,919","tatauranga o 1991: 5,919"
"2001 census: 11,526","tatauranga o 2001: 11,526"
"2006 census: 14,895","tatauranga o 2006: 14,895"
"2013 census: 16,512","tatauranga o 2013: 16,512"
Large areas,Ngā rohe nunui
"Auckland: 7,224","Tāmaki-makaurau: 7,224"
"North: 4,881","Te Tai Tokerau: 4,881"
"By 2750 BC, the construction of the great pyramids of Giza in Egypt had already been completed.","Kia taka ki te tau 2750 BC, kua oti kē ngā whangarima nunui (great pyramids) Giza i Īhipa te waihanga."
"However, the islands of New Zealand were isolated.",Heoi i te noho tūhāhā ngā moutere o Aotearoa.
Around 1200 BC the Lapita people began to spread to Poland to the west.,Atu i te tau 1200 BC ka tīmata te hōrapa o te iwi Lapita ki Poronihia ki te uru.
"During that time, the Roman Empire rose and fell.","I taua wā, ka tū, ka hinga hoki te emepaea o ngā Romana."
By 700 AD the Arab empire was expanding.,Kia tae ki te tau 700 AD kei te hōrapa te emepaea o ngā Āripa.
In 1066 Britain was invaded by the Normans.,I te tau 1066 whakaekea ai a Piritana e te iwi Nōmana (Normans).
"However, New Zealand was still surprised.",Heoi i te tūhāhā tonu a Aotearoa.
"It wasn't until two hundred years later that Pacific explorers landed in New Zealand, the land at the end of the world.","Kia hipa rā anō te rua rau tau kātahi anō ka tau ngā kaihōpara o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki Aotearoa, te whenua kei te pito o te ao."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Migration in Africa,Te heke i Āwherika
"The human race first appeared in Africa about 100,000 years ago.","Ka puta te ira tangata ki te whai ao ki te ao mārama ki Āwherika e 100,000 tau ki mua."
Within thousands of years they began to move to new places.,I roto i ngā hia mano tau ka tīmata rātou ki te neke ki wāhi hōu.
"Soon, the whole world is covered with them.","Nāwai, kapi katoa te ao i a rātou."
"The islands of the Pacific, including New Zealand, were the last places to be discovered by humans.","Ko ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, tae rawa ki Aotearoa, ngā wāhi tōmuri rawa kia kitea e te tangata."
"3,200 years ago, people had just begun migrating northward from Asia to the Pacific.","E 3,200 tau ki muri, kātahi anō ngā tāngata ka tīmata te heke whakaterāwhiti mai i Āhia ki Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa."
This tribe was a brave and skilled people who crossed the great ocean.,"He iwi māia, he iwi tohunga tēnei iwi i whakawhiti i te moana nui whakaharahara."
Signs of human habitation,Ngā tohu mō te noho a te tangata
"On the islands where they lived, people left signs of their presence - places where they burned or killed animals, and introduced exotic animals, such as rats.","I ngā moutere i noho rātou, i mahue e ngā tāngata ngā tohu ki tā rātou noho – ngā wāhi i tahu ahi, i patu kararehe rānei rātou, me ngā kararehe tauhōu nā rātou i kawe mai, pēnei i te kiore."
"The most widely used technique is radiocarbon dating, which measures the age of bones and trees.","Ko te tikanga kei te nui te mahia ko te radiocarbon dating, ka ine i te pakeke o ngā kōiwi me ngā rākau."
There is a lot of evidence that people from the Pacific Ocean first came to New Zealand between 1250-1300 AD by boat.,He nui ngā taunakitanga e tohu ana ki te mea i tae tuatahi mai he tāngata i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki Aotearoa i waenganui i ngā tau 1250–1300 AD mā runga waka.
Argument about the mouse,Tautohe mō te kiore
In the 1990s radiocarbon dating indicated that the rat had only arrived in New Zealand between 50-150 AD.,"I te tekau tau atu i 1990 nā te radiocarbon dating i tohu, kua tae noa mai te kiore ki Aotearoa i ngā tau 50–150 AD."
"Since the rat is not a native animal of New Zealand, and it does not swim far, it is thought that the rat must have followed the people who migrated to New Zealand on their vehicle.","I te mea ehara te kiore i te kararehe tūturu o Aotearoa, me te mea, kāore ia e kauhoe tawhiti, ko te whakaaro ka toko ake, kāore e kore i whai mai te kiore i ngā tāngata i heke ki Aotearoa i runga i ō rātou waka."
"Therefore, the story has been raised that people came to New Zealand in those early years, but did not stay or leave any signs of their arrival.","Nā reira, kua whakaaratia te kōrero i tae mai te tangata ki Aotearoa i aua tau tōmua, engari kāore i noho, i waiho tohu rānei mō tā rātou haerenga mai."
The truth or falsity of this story is still being debated.,Kei te tautohetohea tonutia te tika te hē rānei o tēnei kōrero.
Did people come to New Zealand between 1250-1300?,Nō te wā 1250–1300 tae mai ai te tangata ki Aotearoa?
Did they come to New Zealand much earlier?,Nō mua noa atu rānei tō rātou taenga mai ki Aotearoa?
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Argument about when people came to New Zealand,Tautohe mō te wā tae mai te tangata ki Aotearoa
Africa,Āwherika
"100,000 years ago people left their place of origin in Africa and spread to Europe in the north and Asia in the east.","E 100,000 tau ki mua ka wehe mai ngā tāngata i tōna wāhi take mai ia, a Āwherika, ka hōrapa ki Ūropi i te raki me Āhia i te rāwhiti."
"Between 50,000 BC and 25,000 BC, people migrated from the large islands of Southeast Asia.","I te wā 50,000 BC ki 25,000 BC, ka heke haere ngā tāngata i ngā moutere rahi o Āhia ki te tonga mā rāwhiti."
Their cars are just packages.,He mōkihi noa iho ō rātou waka.
"Eventually, they arrived in Australia and Papua New Guinea; at that time these countries were connected.","Nāwai, ā, ka tae rātou ki Ahitereiria me Papua Nūkini; i taua wā e hono ana ēnei whenua."
"3,200 years ago, humans left the Solomon Islands and set sail for the Pacific Ocean.","E 3,200 tau ki mua, ka wehe mai te tangata i Ngā Motu Horomona ka hoe ki Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa."
The islands of Melanesia were inhabited.,Ka nōhia ngā moutere o Melanesia.
"Between 1200 and 1000 BC they spread from Melanesia to Fiji and Poland to the west, even to Tonga and Samoa.","I te wā 1200 ki te 1000 BC ka puta rātou atu i Melanesia ki Whītī me Poronihia ki te uru, tae rawa ki a Tonga me Hāmoa."
"The last migrations from the Pacific to the remote islands - Hawaii (600 AD), Te Pito-o-te Henua - Rapa Nui (700 AD), New Zealand (1250–1300 AD).","Ko ngā heke whakamutunga i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki ngā moutere tawhiti pāmamao – Hawaii (600 AD), Te Pito-o-te-Henua - Rapa Nui (700 AD), Aotearoa (1250–1300 AD)."
They came to South America around 1000 AD.,Nō te 1000 AD pea rātou tai ai ki te tonga o Amerika.
Scholars still debate when and where humans first arrived.,Kei te tautohetohe tonu ngā mātanga mō ngā wā me ngā wāhi tae tuatahi atu ai te tangata.
The same goes for the arguments about the first arrival of people in New Zealand.,Kei te pērā hoki ngā tautohe mō te taenga tuatahi a te tangata ki Aotearoa.
Arrive in New Zealand,Taenga ki Aotearoa
New Zealand was one of the last large countries to be inhabited by humans.,Ko Aotearoa tētahi o ngā whenua nui whakamutunga kia nōhia e te tangata.
People came from Poland to the east in their chartered boats.,I haere mai ngā tāngata mai i Poronihia ki te rāwhiti mā runga i ō rātou waka hourua.
"There are many ways to evaluate when people first arrived in New Zealand, and when people inhabited this land.","He maha ngā tikanga aromātai i te wā tae tuatahi ai te tangata ki Aotearoa, me te wā i nōhia te whenua nei e te tangata."
"Despite the differences between them, everyone agrees that New Zealand was settled around the year 1300.","Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i a rātou, e whakaae ana te katoa i nōhia a Aotearoa i te takiwā o te tau 1300."
Current research,Ngā rangahautanga o ēnei rā
Evaluators are still asking that question: When was New Zealand first inhabited?,Kei te pātai tonu ngā tohunga aromātai i taua pātai: Nōnahea a Aotearoa nōhia tuatahitia ai?
Research from the last ten years indicates that this issue is not over yet.,"Ka tohu ngā rangahautanga o ngā tau tekau kua pahure ki te mea, kāore anō kia mutu tēnei take."
Most experts agree that people arrived in New Zealand between 1250 and 1300.,"E whakaae ana te nuinga o ngā tohunga aromātai, i tae te tangata ki Aotearoa i te wā 1250 ki te 1300."
"However, some researchers have pointed to the period 50-150 AD as the time when people first arrived in New Zealand.","Heoi, kua tohu ētahi kairangahau ki te wā 50–150 AD mō te wā tae tuatahi ai te tangata ki Aotearoa."
It is thought that these explorers either returned or died in New Zealand.,"Ko te whakaaro, i hoki atu ēnei kaihōpara, i mate ā-moa rānei ki Aotearoa."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Evaluations using genealogical formulas,Ngā aromātai mā ngā tātai whakapapa
"The meaning here is that by counting the generations of Māori from the ancestors who migrated to New Zealand by boat, it is possible to determine when they arrived.","Ko te tikanga i konei, mā te tatau i ngā whakatipuranga Māori tatū rawa ki ngā tīpuna i heke ki Aotearoa mā runga i ngā waka, ka taea te tohu ki te wā tau mai ai rātou."
"In the early 2000s, most genealogies went back 24 to 27 generations.","I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, ko te nuinga o ngā whakapapa ka hoki e 24 ki te 27 whakatipuranga ki mua."
"If there are 25 for each generation, it can be said that 1325-1400 AD is when they arrived in New Zealand.","Ki te whakaritea e 25 mō ia whakatipuranga, ka taea te kī ko 1325–1400 AD te wā tae ai rātou ki Aotearoa."
"In addition to whakapapa to waka, there are also whakapapa of early explorers.","I tua atu i ngā whakapapa ki ngā waka, kei reira anō ngā whakapapa o ngā kaihōpara tōmua."
According to many traditions Kupe was the first person in New Zealand.,E ai ki te maha o ngā kōrero tuku iho ko Kupe te tangata tuatahi ki Aotearoa.
"Toi is also an ancestor that is mentioned, living in the North Island long before the arrival of tribal boats.","Ko Toi anō tētahi tipuna e kōrerotia ai, i te noho ki Te Ika-a-Māui i mua noa atu i te taenga mai o ngā waka o ngā iwi."
"Some servers oppose this requirement; according to them, these stories came from the Europeans, or from the islands of the Pacific Ocean, or from the Māori.","E whakahē ana ētahi tūmū kōrero ki tēnei whakaritenga; ko tā rātou, he kōrero kē ēnei i ahu mai i te Pākehā, i ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa rānei, kāpā nā te Māori."
These stories say that Kupe and Toi were alive when the ships of the iwi arrived - 1300-1400 or later.,"Ko ēnei kōrero e mea ana e ora ana a Kupe rāua ko Toi i te wā ka tae mai ngā waka o ngā iwi – 1300–1400, nō muri mai rānei."
The loss of time evaluation through genealogy,Te mate o te arotake wā mā te whakapapa
There are problems with genealogical evaluation.,He raruraru kei roto i te arotake mā te whakapapa.
"For example, if you set the age for each generation to be 20 years instead of 25 years, the time between the time of arrival in New Zealand and the time of settlement will differ by hundreds of years.","Hei tauira, ki te whakaritea e koe ko e 20 kē te tau mō ia whakatipuranga kāpā te e 25 tau, ka rerekē te wā i te wā tae ki Aotearoa me te wā ka tau te noho mā te hia rau tau."
"Another thing is that not all ancestors will be retrieved, only some will be carefully explained.","Ko tētahi atu mea, ehara i te mea ka tīkina ngā tīpuna katoa, ko ētahi noa iho ka āta whakamāramatia."
In addition the ties in the Māori world are complex; in some cases the reduction by age to child has been avoided and continues.,"I tua atu he whīwhiwhi ngā here i roto i te ao Māori; hei ētahi wā kua karohia te whakaheke mā te pakeke ki te tamaiti ā, haere tonu."
"Although genealogy cannot predict when people arrived in New Zealand, it is still useful to be able to compare it with other theories and evidence.","Ahakoa te mea kāore e taea e te whakapapa te tohu he aha te wā tae ai te tangata ki Aotearoa, he mea pai tonu kia taea ai te whakataurite ki ētahi atu ariā, taunakitanga."
"Other than that, the time period assigned by the genealogies (1325–1400, assuming 25 years for each generation) is consistent with the radiocarbon dating evidence.","Hāunga tērā, kei te ōrite te wā ka tohua e ngā whakapapa (1325–1400, mēnā e 25 tau mō ia whakatipuranga) ki ngā taunakitanga o te radiocarbon dating."
That is why it can be said that people settled in New Zealand around 1300 years ago.,Nā reira taea ai te kī nō te takiwā o te tau 1300 tau ai te noho a te tangata ki Aotearoa.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
The radiocarbon dating method,Te tikanga radiocarbon dating
"In the 1940s, a new type of scientific analysis of human remains was born, namely radiocarbon dating.","I te tekau tau atu i 1940 ka hua tētahi momo tātaritanga mātai whai para tangata hōu, arā, ko radiocarbon dating."
"By this method it is possible to measure the hardness of an organic material such as wood, shell or bone.","Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te ine i te pakeke o tētahi mea paraumu (organic) pēnei i te rākau, anga, kōiwi rānei."
All organisms in the world have a type of carbon called carbon 14.,Kei ngā kaiao katoa o te ao tētahi momo matūwaro (carbon) kīia ai ko carbon 14.
Scientists know how long it takes for this type of carbon to begin to decay.,"Kei te mōhiotia e ngā tohunga pūtaiao he aha te roa, kātahi ka tīmata te pirau haere o tēnei momo matūwaro."
"Therefore, by measuring the amount of carbon 14 in an object in its past life, it is possible to determine how old it is.","Nā reira, mā te ine i te korahi o te carbon 14 kei roto i tētahi mea i te ora i mua, ka taea te whakatau he aha te pakeke o taua mea."
"Although this method can determine the general age of an object, it cannot accurately indicate the age of an object.","Ahakoa taea ai e tēnei tikanga te whakatau i te pakeketanga whānui o tētahi mea, kāore e taea e ia te āta tohu ki te pakeke ake o tētahi mea."
"Between the 1960s and 1980s, the period 1000–1100 AD was the earliest period determined by this method of evaluation.","I waenganui i ngā tekau tau o 1960 me 1980, ko te wā 1000–1100 AD te wā tōmua rawa i whakaritea e tēnei tikanga aromātai."
"In the 1990s, with the development of these scientific knowledge, the time when people first arrived in New Zealand was re-evaluated.","I te tekau tau atu i 1990, i te whanaketanga o ēnei mātauranga pūtaiao, ka arotakengia anōtia te wā tae tuatahi ai te tangata ki Aotearoa."
"One thing they found was that radio carbon dating from charcoal chips didn't matter: the wood that had just been burned could have been several years old, suggesting that a place where the evidence was found was older.","Ko tētahi mea i kitea, kāore he take o ngā arotakenga radio carbon mai i ngā maramara ngārehu: tērā pea ka hia tau kē te pakeke o te rākau kātahi anō ka wera, ka pōhēhē he tawhito ake tētahi wāhi i kitea aua taunakitanga."
"Therefore, the evidence after 1250 is more reliable, despite the suspicion of some archaeologists, the evidence for the period 1180–1250 AD is still correct.","Nā reira, he tūturu ake ngā taunakitanga nō muri i te tau 1250, ahakoa te whakapae a ētahi mātai whaipara tangata, kei te tika tonu ngā taunakitanga mō te wā 1180–1250 AD."
Analysis of volcanic ash,Tātaritanga o ngā pungarehu puia
"There are different types of ash thrown out by volcanoes – volcanic glass, rock fragments, earth breath fragments, etc.","He rerekē te pungarehu ka rukea e te puia – he karaehe puia (volcanic glass), maramara toka, he maramara manawa whenua, aha atu."
Therefore it is possible to measure the age of the eruption.,Nā reira ka taea te ine he aha te tau o te hū.
Perhaps the eruptions of Taupō (known as Taupō ash) in the year 232 (± 15 years) and Tarawera (known as Kaharoa ash) in the year 1314 (± 12 years) covered some villages.,Tērā pea nā ngā hū o Taupō (mōhiotia ia ko pungarehu Taupō) o te tau 232 (± 15 tau) me Tarawera (mōhiotia ai ko pungarehu Kaharoa) o te tau 1314 (± 12 tau) i taupoki ētahi kāinga.
In the eastern part of the North Island some ancient settlements have been found above the Kaharoa ash layer.,I rāwhiti o Te Ika-a-Māui kua kitea ētahi nohoanga tawhito ki runga tata ake i te paparanga o te pungarehu Kaharoa.
"Therefore, this seat is after that eruption.",Nā reira nō muri kē tēnei nohoanga i taua hū.
"However, no human settlements have been found under the Taupō or Kaharoa layers.","Heoi, kāore anō kia kitea ētahi nohoanga tāngata ki raro i te paparanga o Taupō, o Kaharoa rānei."
The play islands,Ngā moutere pūreirei
Some theories about how people live in New Zealand are based on the environment.,Taketake mai ana ētahi ariā mō te taunga o te noho a te tangata ki Aotearoa i te taiao.
"Poland to the east is above, New Zealand is below, and finally, the weather is a bit different there.","Ko Poronihia ki te rāwhiti ki runga, ko Aotearoa kei raro iho, ka mutu, hā rerekē te āhua o ngā rangi ki reira."
"Due to the winds in this area, it is difficult to sail directly from Poland in the east to New Zealand, or from New Zealand to Poland in the east.","Nā ngā hau o tēnei takiwā, he uaua te hoe tika atu i Poronihia i te rāwhiti ki Aotearoa, atu i Aotearoa ki Poronihia i te rāwhiti rānei."
"By evaluating the evidence on the islands they visited when they came to New Zealand, it is possible to point to a time when people arrived in New Zealand.","Mā te aromātai i ngā taunakitanga i ngā moutere i peka rātou i tā rātou haerenga mai ki Aotearoa, ka taea te tohu ki tētahi wā tērā i tae te tangata ki Aotearoa."
The Kermadec and Norfolk Islands are also between Poland to the east and New Zealand.,Kei waenganui pū ngā moutere o Kermadec me Norfolk i a Poronihia ki te rāwhiti me Aotearoa.
There is no doubt that the boats stopped at these islands when they were going to or coming back from New Zealand.,"Kāore e kore i peka ngā waka ki ēnei moutere i a rātou ka haere atu, ka hoki mai rānei i Aotearoa."
Obsidian has been found in New Zealand in the Kermadec Islands.,Kua kitea te matā tūhua (obsidian) mai i Aotearoa ki ngā moutere o Kermadec.
No doubt it was bound there by explorers returning to the Pacific.,Kāore e kore i heria ki reira e ngā kaihōpara e hoki ana ki Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.
"Radiocarbon evidence may support the theory that New Zealand, the Kermadecs and Norfolk were found together.","Tērā pea ka taea e ngā taunakitanga radiocarbon te tautoko i te ariā e mea ana i kitea ngātahitia a Aotearoa, ngā Kermadec me Norfolk."
Staying in Wharekauri,Te noho ki Wharekauri
"According to radiocarbon dating evidence, Wharekauri was inhabited around 1500.","E ai ki ngā taunakitanga radiocarbon dating, nō te takiwā o te tau 1500 nōhia ai a Wharekauri."
"However, some very early seats have not been found.",Heoi kāore anō kia kitea etahi nohoanga tōmua rawa.
"This follows the pattern of exploration in the Pacific: first the Kermadecs, then New Zealand (perhaps as far as Enderby Island, in the Auckland Islands near the southern tip of the ao), recently Wharekauri.","Ka whai tēnei i te tikanga tūhura i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa: i te tuatahi ko ngā Kermadec, nō muri ko Aotearoa (tae rā anō pea ki te moutere o Enderby, i ngā Auckland Islands tata ki te pito tonga o te ao), kātahi anō a Wharekauri."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Pollen analysis,Te tātari hae – pollen
By carefully analyzing the pollen it is possible to point to changes in plants over the past centuries.,Mā te āta tātari i te hae (pollen) ka taea te tohu ki ngā rerekētanga e pā ana ki ngā tipu i ngā rau tau kua tohipa.
"Scientists such as Janet Wilmshurst and Matt McGlone have turned to collecting vegetation from ponds and lake beds, in order to analyze the remaining pollen in it.","Ka tahuri ngā kaimatai pūtaiao pēnei a Janet Wilmshurst rātou ko Matt McGlone mā ki te kohi otaota mai i ngā pakihi me ngā papa o ngā roto, kia pai ai te tātari i ngā toenga hae ki roto."
"Sudden changes in pollen types point to fires that early humans lit to settle here, to clear the forest. Despite the evidence that there were fires before 1250 AD, these fires were not frequent.","Ko ngā rerekētanga ohorere ki ngā momo hae ka tohu ki ngā ahi i tahuna e ngā tāngata tōmua kia noho ki konei, hei whakawātea i te ngahere."
"Because of their small size, it is thought that these fires were not made by humans.","Ahakoa ngā taunakitanga e mea ana i te mura he ahi ki mua i te 1250 AD, kāore noa iho i maha ēnei ahi. Nā tō rātou iti, ko te whakaaro ehara nā te tangata ēnei ahi i tahu."
Pollen collected from some places in the North Island (below the Kaharoa peat layer) points to a change in the landscape around the year 1280.,Ka tohu ngā hae i kohia i ētahi wāhi i Te Ika-a-Māui (i raro iho i te paparanga ngarehu o Kaharoa) ki te rerekētanga o te whenua i te takiwā o te tau 1280.
"Because this evidence is consistent with radiocarbon dating evidence at Te Wairau (1288–1300), some scientists believe that when the early settlers arrived in New Zealand, they started burning the forest.","Nā te mea e ōrite ana ēnei taunakitanga ki ngā taunakitanga radiocarbon dating i Te Wairau (1288–1300), ko te whakaaro o ētahi kaimātai pūtaiao, i te taenga mai o ngā tāngata tōmua ki Aotearoa, ka tahuri rātou ki te tahu i te ngahere."
"However, there is very little evidence, and it cannot be said that the fires were started by humans before about 1300.","Heoi, iti rawa ngā taunakitanga, e kore e taea te kī nā te tangata aua ahi i kā i mua tata i te tau 1300."
"However, if they did come then, the sea creatures would have been covered by Kaharoa eruption in 1314.","Heoi, mēnā i tae mai rātou i taua wā, kua uhia ngā mea e noho ana ki tai e ngā ngārehu o te hū o Kaharoa i te tau 1314."
"Most of New Zealand's fossil evidence points to the fact that, after 1300, the landscape changed from forest to fern, with an increase in carbon.","Ka tohu te nuinga o ngā taunakitanga hae o Aotearoa ki te mea, atu i te tau 1300 ka huri te āhua o te whenua mai i te ngahere ki te rarauhe, me te piki o te waro."
The reason why the land is like this is because people burned the forest so that the kumara would grow.,Nā te tahutahu a ngā tāngata i te ngahere kia tipu ai te kūmara te take i pēnei te āhua o te whenua.
The ancient people also ate a lot of fern.,He nui hoki te aruhe hei kai mā ngā tāngata tōmua nei.
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Rat bones,Ngā poroiwi kiore
The Māori mouse - an early arrival?,Te kiore Māori – i tae tōmua mai?
Māori rats have no reason to swim.,Kāore he take o te kiore Māori ki te kauhoe.
"Therefore, someone else brought him to New Zealand.","Nā reira, nā te tangata kē a ia i kawe ki Aotearoa."
"In the mid-1990s, a scientist measured some rat bones found in caves in the North Island and the Pounamu Basin, and the result was the period 50-150 AD.","I ngā tau pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1990, i inea e tētahi kaimātai pūtaiao ētahi poroiwi kiore i kitea i ētahi ana i Te Ika-a-Māui me Te Wai Pounamu, ka hua ko te wā 50–150 AD."
"Therefore, this refers to the arrival of man at this time.","Nā reira, ka tohu tēnei ki te taenga mai o te tangata i tēnei wā."
"The entire scientific world woke up to this, and debates began.","Oho katoa te ao pūtaiao mō tēnei, ka tīmata ngā tautohetohe."
"In a cave in Te Tau-a-Māui called Hukanui, a single mouse was found.","Kei tētahi ana i Te Matau-a-Māui ko Hukanui te ingoa, i kitea tētahi poro kiore kotahi."
"It is said that it was found under the ash layer of the Taupō eruption of the year 232 AD, the period of which is 134-320 AD.","E kī ana te kōrero i kitea i raro i te paparanga ngārehu o te hū o Taupō o te tau 232 AD, ko te wā mōna, 134–320 AD."
This corresponds to its location below the peat layer.,Ka hāngai tēnei ki tōna takoto ki raro i te paparanga ngārehu.
It was in 1959 that the rat fossil was discovered by a Lingarapa archaeologist.,Nō te tau 1959 kitea ai te poroiwi kiore nei e tētahi kaimatai whaipara tangata ringarapa.
"That rat remains in a box at the New Zealand Dominion Museum for forty years, and its age has just been measured.","Ka noho tērā poroiwi kiore ki tētahi pouaka māti ki te Whare Taonga o Aotearoa (Dominion Museum) mō tētahi whā tekau tau, kātahi anō ka inea tōna pakeke."
It is still disputed whether the statue was found under the Taupō clay layer of 232 AD.,Kei te tautohea tonutia te kitea o te poroiwi nei ki raro i te paparanga ngārehu o Taupō o te tau 232 AD.
"However, a rat bone from Hukanui has been dated to 1300; a 3000-year-old kereru stone was also found there.","Heoi, ka inea tētahi poroiwi kiore mai i Hukanui, ko tōna wā ko te 1300; ka kitea anō hoki tētahi poroiwi kererū ki reira e 3000 tau te pakeke."
"This means that if some rocks are found in the same mud layer, it means they must be the same age.","Ko te tikanga mēnā ka kitea ētahi poroiwi i te paparanga ngārehu kotahi, ko tōna tikanga me rite kē ō rātou pakeke."
So a big question mark still hangs over the 'chess box'.,Nā reira e iri tonu ana tētahi tohu pātai nui ki runga i te ‘poroiwi pouaka māti’.
Are mouse balls real?,Kei te pono ngā poroiwi kiore?
Other researchers such as Atholl Anderson challenged the information about rat bones; his concerns are:,Ka werohia ngā kōrero mō ngā poroiwi kiore e ētahi atu kairangahau pēnei i a Atholl Anderson; ko ana māharahara:
Maybe an animal dug up the fossil and left it under the mud layer?,Nā tētahi kararehe pea te poroiwi i keri ka waiho ki raro iho i te paparanga ngārehu?
"When some fossils were measured from some caves, some were hundreds of years older than the clay layer in which they were found.","I te inenga o ētahi poroiwi mai i ētahi ana, ka hia rau tau kē te pakeke o ētahi ki te paparanga ngārehu i kitea rātou."
This suggests that the mice may have been mistimed - so their ages were not correctly determined.,"E tohu ana tēnei ki te mea, tērā pea kei te hē kē ngā wā mō ngā kiore – nā te aha kāore i tika te whakatau i ō rātou pakeke."
"Perhaps the scientific laboratories did not take proper care of these rats, and in the end the rats were so damaged that their age could not be accurately measured.","Kāore pea i tika te tiaki a ngā taiwhanga pūtaiao i ngā poroiwi kiore nei, i te mutunga kua parahako ngā poroiwi e kore e taea te ine tika i tō rātou pakeke."
"The mouse may have eaten something with old carbon in it, which may be the reason why the age of the mouse is incorrectly estimated.","Tērā pea i kainga e te kiore tētahi mea he matūwaro tawhito i roto, koinā pea te take ka hē te whakatau i te pakeke o te kiore."
It was not until other mouse fossils were found under the Taupō layer of 232 AD that this theory was widely supported by most scientists; or to develop another method of measuring 50–150 AD age bones.,"Kia kitea rā anō ētahi atu poroiwi kiore i raro i te paparanga ngārehu o Taupō o te tau 232 AD, kātahi anō pea ka tautokona whānuitia tēnei ariā e te nuinga o ngā kaimātai pūtaiao; kia puea ake rānei tētahi atu tikanga ine i ngā poroiwi 50–150 AD te pakeke."
The theory of the early arrival of rats in New Zealand is not supported by radiocarbon dating of rat fossils in 2004.,Kāore i te tautokona te ariā o te taenga tōmua o te kiore ki Aotearoa e ngā rangahautanga o ngā mahi radiocarbon dating o ngā poroiwi kiore i te tau 2004.
Two scientific laboratories obtained some rat fossils from some caves at Te Wai Pounamu in measure; the versions indicated that they were from the year 1250 AD or later.,"Nā ētahi whare pūtaiao e rua ētahi poroiwi kiore mai i ētahi ana i Te Wai Pounamu i ine; ko ngā putanga i tohu, nō te tau 1250 AD rātou, nō muri iho rānei."
"If the story is correct, humans arrived in New Zealand between 50–150 AD, and rats, they either died out or they didn't exist, as there is no evidence for the existence of the people to New Zealand, probably around 1250–1300 AD.","Mēnā kei te tika te kōrero, i tae he tangata ki Aotearoa i te wā 50–150 AD, me te kiore, i mate ā-moa rānei rātou, kāore rānei rātou i noho, i te mea kāore he taunakitanga mō te noho a te tangata ki Aotearoa, tatū rawa ki te wā 1250–1300 AD."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Mouse DNA,Te DNA o te kiore
The mouse,Te kiore
A mouse's DNA tells a lot about itself.,Ka nui ngā kōrero a te DNA o te kiore mōna anō.
"In the 1990s scientists turned their attention to mitochondrial DNA and, in other words, the descent of the human sex through the female side.","I te tekau tau atu i 1990 ka tahuri ngā kaimātai pūtaiao te titiro ki te DNA mitochondrial, me kī, te hekenga iho o te ira tangata mā roto i te taha wahine."
"If we look at the differences between DNA from different populations, it is possible to see their similarities, and how long the populations have been separated from each other.","Ki te tirohia ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā DNA mai ngā taupori rerekē, ka taea te kite i ō rātou ōritetanga, me te roa o te wā kua noho wehe ngā taupori, tētahi i tētahi."
"Most of the DNA of New Zealand mice points to their original home in eastern Poland, and a DNA link to Norfolk has also been found.","Ka tohu te nuinga o ngā DNA o ngā kiore o Aotearoa ki tō rātou kāinga tūturu i Poronihia ki te rāwhiti, i kitea anō he hononga DNA ki Norfolk."
New Caledonia is the closest tropical island to New Zealand.,Ko New Caledonia te moutere pārūrū tata rawa ki Aotearoa.
"Perhaps Norfolk Island is the branch from New Caledonia to New Zealand, and New Caledonia to New Caledonia.","Tērā pea ko te moutere o Norfolk te pekanga atu i New Caledonia ki Aotearoa, Aotearoa ki New Caledonia hoki."
"During the period 50–150 AD, people lived in New Caledonia, Fiji and western Poland.","I te wā 50–150 AD, e noho ana he tangata ki New Caledonia, Whītī me Poronihia ki te uru."
"However, there is no evidence pointing to the arrival of humans in eastern Poland at this time.","Heoi, kāore he taunakitanga e tohu ana ki te taenga o te tangata ki Poronihia ki te rāwhiti i tēnei wā."
"Therefore, if mice arrived in New Zealand between 50-150 AD, the people who brought them to New Zealand were not from Poland to the east, but from the islands to the west.","Nā reira, mēnā i tae he kiore ki Aotearoa i te wā 50–150 AD, ko ngā tāngata nā rātou aua kiore i kawe ki Aotearoa, ehara nō Poronihia ki te rāwhiti, nō ngā moutere ki te uru kē."
"Computers can show that it was possible to row from New Caledonia, Fiji and Poland to New Zealand in the west, or to row to New Zealand from Poland in the east.","Ka āhei ngā rorohiko te tohu i taea te hoe mai i New Caledonia, Whītī me Poronihia ki te uru ki Aotearoa, tērā i te hoe ki Aotearoa mai i Poronihia ki te rāwhiti."
Therefore this may have been a route followed by people coming from the west.,Nā reira he huarahi pea tēnei i whāia e ngā tāngata i ahu mai i te uru.
"If this were the case, the people on board the boat were killed, or all were men; however, the mouse survived.","Mēnā i pēnei, i mate rānei ngā tāngata o runga i te waka, he tāne katoa rānei; heoi, ka ora tonu te kiore."
Analyzing mouse DNA from these islands may reveal new insights.,Mā te tātari i ngā DNA kiore o ēnei moutere pea e whāki i ētahi tirohanga hōu.
"Despite the flavor of these stories, the fact cannot be avoided that the people who came and settled in New Zealand came from eastern Poland in the period 1250-1300 AD.","Ahakoa te reka o ēnei kōrero, e kore e tareka te karo i te mea, ko ngā tāngata i haere mai ka noho ki Aotearoa, i ahu mai i Poronihia ki te rāwhiti i te wā 1250–1300 AD."
"The DNA of today's Māori points to that story, even the earliest artifacts found in New Zealand.","Ko ngā DNA a ngā Māori o ēnei rā ka tohu ki tērā kōrero, tae noa ki ngā taonga tōmua kua kitea ki Aotearoa."
Seeds eaten by snails and snails,Ngā kākano i kainga timotimotia me te ngata
One of the rodents' food is seeds.,Ko tētahi kai a te kiore ko ngā kākano.
Observe the rodents chewing on the seed and moving the seed.,Kitea tonuhia ngā ngaungau a te kiore i te kākano me te pūkoro o te kākano.
These types of seeds can be found in waste and can even be measured by radiocarbon dating to see if the seed was gnawed by a rat.,"Kitea ai ēnei momo kākano i ngā para, ā, ka taea noatia te ine mā te radiocarbon dating kia kitea mehemea i ngaua taua kākano e te kiore."
Some seed cells have been analyzed from Taranaki and Moehau.,Kua tātaria ētahi pūkoro kākano mai i Taranaki me Moehau.
The earliest evidence of rats eating the seed dates back to the 1200s AD; these are measured by radiocarbon dating.,"Ko ngā taunakitanga tōmua rawa mō te kai a te kiore i te kākano, nō te rau tau 1200 AD; he mea ine ēnei mā te radiocarbon dating."
There are no mouse marks on the cell phones before 1200 AD.,Kāore he tohu kiore i runga i ngā pūkoro kākano nō mua i te 1200 AD.
"Since no seed cell has been found under the clay layers of Kaharoa, it was after the year 1314 (± 12).","I te mea kāore anō kia kitea he pūkoro kākano ki raro i ngā paparanga ngārehu o Kaharoa, nō muri kē i te tau 1314 (± 12)."
The mouse ate the snail.,Kainga ai e te kiore te ngata.
So Fred Brook turned to analyzing some old snail shells that had been eaten in North Korea.,Nā reira ka tahuri a Fred Brook ki te tātari i ētahi anga ngata tawhito kua kainga timotimotia i Te Tai Tokerau.
"In any case, the mice did not eat the snails, and somehow, their shells were intact.","Ahakoa he aha, kāore i kainga ngā ngata e ngā kiore, me te aha, ka tika anō ō rātou anga."
"However, there were still signs of rodent gnawing on the snail's shell.","Heoi, i reira tonu ngā tohu ki ngā ngaungau a te kiore i te anga o te ngata."
"Because of this, Fred suspected, the rat tried to eat the shell of a live snail, rather than an old shell that had died.","Nā tēnei, i whakapae a Fred, i ngana te kiore ki te kai i te anga o tētahi ngata e ora ana, kaua i tētahi anga tawhito kua mate noa atu te ngata."
"Around 1250 AD or later, the snail's shell was eaten by mice.",Nō te tau 1250 AD me muri mai kainga timotimotia ai e te kiore te anga o te ngata.
There is no evidence of rats on the skeletons before 1250 AD.,Kāore he taunakitanga kiore ki ngā anga nō mua noa atu i te tau 1250 AD.
"Studies of seeds that have been eaten in the forest have similar results to the evidence for snail shells, that is, the arrival of rats (and humans) to New Zealand around 1250-1300 AD.","He rite ngā putanga o ngā rangahautanga o ngā kākano kua kainga timotimotia i te ngahere ki ērā ngā taunakitanga mō ngā anga ngata, arā, nō te wā 1250–1300 AD tae ai te kiore (me te tangata) ki Aotearoa."
This evidence points to the fact that the ages of the mice previously measured by radiocarbon dating may not be accurate.,"Ka tohu ēnei taunakitanga ki te mea, kāore pea i te tika ngā pakeke o ngā kiore i inea tōmuatia mā te radiocarbon dating."
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
"Death by death, degeneracy","Ka mate ā-moa, ka paheke"
Big birds,Ngā manu nui
"By measuring the time of death of certain animals, it is possible to determine the time of arrival and settlement of people in New Zealand.","Mā te ine i te wā mate ā-moa ai ētahi kararehe, ka taea te whakarite i te wā tae ai, noho ai te tangata ki Aotearoa."
The ancestors of the Māori hunted the moa and other large birds.,I whai ngā tīpuna o te Māori i te moa me ētahi atu manu nunui.
"Archaeologists have found in their research of some of the settlements of early humans after the year 1300 AD, that 11 species of birds and other large birds died out during this time.","Ka kite ngā kaimātai whaipara tangata i a rātou rangahautanga o ētahi o ngā nohoanga o ngā tāngata tōmua nō muri i te tau 1300 AD, e 11 ngā momo moa me ētahi atu manu nunui i mate atu i tēnei wā."
The moa probably died out within a century or two of humans arriving in New Zealand.,"I mate pea te moa i roto i te kotahi, rua rau tau rānei mai i te taenga o te tangata ki Aotearoa."
Small animals,Ngā kararehe pakupaku
"Some researchers such as Trevor Worthy and Richard Holdaway tried to point out that the rodents caused the decline of many bats, pigeons and some small birds (petrel, owlet nightjar, Finsch's duck) before 1300 AD.","I ngana ētahi kairangahau pēnei i a Trevor Worthy rāua ko Richard Holdaway ki te tohu, nā te kiore heke ai te maha o ngā pekapeka, koeau me ētahi o ngā manu ririki (petrel, owlet nightjar, Finsch’s duck) i mua i te tau 1300 AD."
.,"Mēnā kei te tika tēnei kōrero, kāti i konei anō te tangata i taua wā."
"If this story is true, then the man was here at the time.","Heoi he mea uaua ka kitea ngā taunakitanga mō te mate ā-moa o tētahi manu, kararehe rānei i te mea, iti noa ngā taunakitanga ka tohu nā te aha mate ai tētahi kararehe."
"However, it is difficult to find evidence of the death of a bird or animal because there is very little evidence to indicate what caused the death of an animal. Therefore, this is only a story at this time about the eating of these animals and birds.","Nā reira he kōrero noa iho tēnei i tēnei wā mō te kai a te kiore i ēnei kararehe, manu."
"If it is true that there were rats in New Zealand before 1300 AD, why is there no evidence that they ate timothy from seed cells?","Mēnā kei te tika te kōrero e mea ana he kiore i Aotearoa i mua i te tau 1300 AD, he aha te take kāore he taunakitanga e whakaatu ana i tā rātou kai timotimo i ngā pūkoro kākano?"
Evidence for rodents eating timothy from seed cells does not support the arrival of rodents in New Zealand between 50–150 AD.,Kāore ngā taunakitanga mō te kai timotimo a te kiore i te pūkoro kākano e tautoko i te taenga o te kiore ki Aotearoa i te wā 50–150 AD.
This area of ​​the project needs further research.,Me kaha tonu te rangahau i tēnei wāhanga o te kaupapa.
"Until the evidence from different measurement methods and measurement methods from different parts of New Zealand is agreed upon, scientists may be tempted to date earlier than 1250–1300 AD.","Kia whakaae rā anō ngā taunakitanga mai i tēnā momo tikanga ine me tēnā momo tikanga ine, mai i ngā wāhi maha o Aotearoa, kātahi anō pea ka rata ngā kaimātai pūtaiao ki te whakatau wā i mua atu i te 1250–1300 AD."
One disadvantage is the short time since people first arrived in New Zealand.,"Ko tētahi mate, ko te poto o te wā mai i te taenga tuatahitanga o te tangata ki Aotearoa."
"Unless people arrived in New Zealand 700 years ago or 2,000 years ago, the results of research should be interpreted with caution.","Hāunga te mea i tae rānei te tangata ki Aotearoa i ngā tau e 700 ki muri, i ngā tau e 2,000 rānei, kia tūpato tonu te whakamārama i ngā putanga o ngā rangahautanga."
Are Māori descendants of the Greeks and the Egyptians?,Hei uri te Māori nō te Kariki me te iwi o Īhipa?
They are a lost tribe of the Koral Tribes of Israel - was India their original home?,He iwi ngaro rātou nō ngā Iwi Korara o Iharaira – ko Īnia tō rātou kāinga taketake ake?
Did they come in a big car chase?,I tae mai rātou i roto i te tāruru waka nui?
"Ever since the first encounters with the Māori, the skills of the European world have been fascinated by the origin of the natives of New Zealand.","Mai anō i ngā tūtakitanga tōmua ki te Māori, kua mīharo ngā pūkenga o te ao Pākehā ki te takenga mai o te tangata whenua o Aotearoa."
Many theories have emerged – most of which are simply conjecture or incorrect.,"He nui nga ariā i puta ake – ko te nuinga he pōhēhē noa iho, he hē rānei."
Recent scientific research has revealed new evidence regarding the arrival of Māori in the Pacific.,I huraina i ngā rangahau pūtaiao o nanahi tata nei ngā taunaki hōu e pā anō ai ki te ahunga mai o te Māori i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Previous concepts,Ngā ariā o mua
"When Europeans arrived in New Zealand, they discussed the origins of Māori.","I te taenga o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa, ka wānanga rātou mō te takenga mai o te Māori."
Captain Cook noticed that the languages ​​and customs of the islands of the eastern part of the Pacific are similar to those of the Māori.,"I kite a Kāpene Kuki, he rite ngā reo me ngā tikanga kei ngā moutere o te pito rāwhiti o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki ō te Māori."
He believed they came from the islands of Southeast Asia.,I whakapono a ia i heke mai rātou i ngā moutere o te tonga mā-rāwhiti o Āhia.
It is accepted today that the Māori are a people who came from the area of ​​Taiwan.,"E whakaaehia ana i ēnei rā, he iwi te Māori i ahu mai i te takiwā o Taiwana."
"According to some of the early visitors who were studying objects such as hutukawa and whakairo, the ancestors of the Māori were probably Greek or Egyptian.","E ai ki ētahi o ngā manuhiri tōmua e ako haere ana i ngā taonga pēnei i te hutukawa me te whakairo, he Kirihi, he Ihipana pea ngā tīpuna o te Māori."
A tohungata is a Māori print like a Roman toa.,Ko tētahi tohungatā he mea tā i te Māori pēnei i te toa Rōmana.
"The Christian missionaries suspected that the ancestors of the Māori were Hūrae, from the Koral tribes of Israel.","I whakapae ngā mihingare Karaitiana, he Hūrae ngā tīpuna o te Māori, nō ngā iwi korara o Iharaira."
"Going to New Zealand again, going back in time.","Anō nei te haere ki Aotearoa, te hoki kōmuri i te au o te wā."
The Aryan concept,Te ariā Aryan
"In the 1850s, scholars realized that most European languages ​​were derived from Sanskrit, the original language of India.","I te tekau tau 1850, i kite ngā pūkenga, i ahu mai te nuinga o ngā reo o Ūropi i te reo Sanskrit, arā, te reo taketake ake o Īnia."
"Some people still believe that Europeans and Indians are of the same race, Aryan or Caucasian.","E whakapono tonu ana ētahi he kāwai kotahi tō te Pākehā me te Īniana, nō te kāwai Aryan, Caucasian rānei."
Some anthropologists such as Edward Tregear also suspected that the Māori came from India.,I whakapae hoki ētahi kaimātai momo tangata pērā i a Edward Tregear i ahu anō mai te Māori i Īnia.
He saw similarities between Māori and Sanskrit words and symbols.,I kite a ia i ngā tauriterite i waenganui i ngā kupu me ngā tohu a te Māori ki te Sanskrit.
The story of Taruru Nui,Te pūrākau mō te Tāruru Nui
There are many different stories about the arrival of Māori to New Zealand from the Pacific.,He maha ngā kōrero rerekē i puta i ngā pūkenga e pā ana ki te taenga mai o te Māori ki Aotearoa mai i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"However, listening to the traditional stories of the Māori led Te Mete (S. Percy Smith) to suspect that they had migrated together in a 'Tāruru Nui' around 1350 AD.",Heoi nā tōna whakarongo ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori ka puta te whakapae a Te Mete (S.
There are seven vehicles.,"Percy Smith), i heke tahi mai rātou i roto i tētahi ‘Tāruru Nui’ i te takiwā o te tau 1350 AD."
"According to Te Mete, they first defeated the Moriori, a wild Merani tribe living in New Zealand.",E whitu ngā waka nei.
"For the next 60 years, everyone agreed with Te Mete's words.","E ai ki a Te Mete, kātahi rātou ka patupatu i te Moriori, he iwi mohoao nō Meranīhia e noho ana ki Aotearoa."
"This story was important because of the assumption that, in due time, the conquest of the European people would take place.","Mō ngā tau e 60 ka whai iho, whakaae ana te katoa ki ngā kōrero a Te Mete."
A new understanding,He māramatanga hōu
"In the 1920s, scientists discovered that, like the Māori, the Moriori of Wharekauri were descended from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific.","Atu i te tekau tau 1920, ka kite ngā kaimātai pūtaiao, pērā ki te Māori, he uri te Moriori o Wharekauri nō ngā iwi taketake o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"After the year 1300 AD, around the year 1500, the Moriori from New Zealand arrived at Wharekauri.","Nō muri i te tau 1300 AD, i te takiwā o te tau 1500 pea ka maunu atu te Moriori i Aotearoa ki Wharekauri."
In the 1960s errors were found in Te Mete's research on the theory of the Great Fall.,I te tekau tau atu i 1960 ka kitea ngā hapa i ngā mahi rangahau a Te Mete mō te ariā o te Heke Nui.
Some of today's scientific evidence includes genetic analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological sites.,"Ko ētahi o ngā taunaki pūtaiao o ēnei rā, ko te tātari pītau ira me te radiocarbon dating ki ngā wāhi whaipara tangata."
"Today it is widely believed that the Māori arrived at various points in the eastern Pacific at different times, in the last years of the 1200s.","I ēnei rā e whakapono ana te nuinga he rerekē ngā wā i taetae mai ai te Māori i ngā tōpito maha o te taha rāwhiti o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, i ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1200."
Page 1. 1770–1840: the early years,Whārangi 1. 1770–1840: ngā tau tōmua
The first Europeans,Ngā Pākehā tuatahi
When the Europeans first arrived in the Pacific they were amazed at the fact that most of the islands of the Pacific were inhabited.,Nō te taenga tuatahi o te Pākehā ki roto o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ka mīharo rātou ki te mea kua nōhia te nuinga o ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"They started thinking again, who are these people, where did they come from, and finally, why did they come to this remote area.","Ka tīmata anō ā rātou whakaaroaro, ko wai ēnei iwi, i ahu mai i hea, ka mutu, nā te aha rātou i tae ai ki te takiwā pāmamao nei."
That is the turn of the European world to analyze this topic.,Ko te tahuritanga anō tērā o te ao Pākehā ki te tātari i te kaupapa nei.
Cook's recipes,Ngā hōparatanga a Kuki
"Captain James Cook's three voyages into the Pacific discovered and mapped the area, later known as Poland: that is, the islands of the Pacific, including to New Zealand.","Nō ngā haerenga e toru a Kāpene Hēmi Kuki ki roto o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ka huraina, ka whakamaherehia hoki e ia te takiwā, nō muri ka rangona ko Poronihia: arā ko ngā motu o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, tae atu ki Aotearoa."
Cook also discovered the Malayo-Polynesian language (now called Austronesian ).,Nā Kuki anō i hura te momo reo o Malayo-Polynesian (i ēnei rā e karangahia ana ko Austronesian).
"They and their scientists saw the similarities in the physical, cultural, literary, and linguistic structures of the Pacific peoples, including the Māori.","Nā rātou ko ōna kaimātai pūtaiao i kite ngā āhuatanga ōrite o ngā hanga ā-tinana, ā-tikanga, ā-kōrero paki, ā-reo anō hoki o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, tae atu ki te Māori."
The evidence indicates that the area was inhabited a long time ago.,"E tohu ana ngā taurite, nō mua tata ka nōhia taua takiwā."
"Cook's discoveries also include the idea that the people of the islands originated in the western part of the world - in 'Malaysia', or in the 'Eastern part of India';","Kei roto anō i ngā kitenga a Kuki te whakaaro i takea mai ngā iwi o ngā moutere i te pito uru o te ao – i ‘Mareia’, takiwā o te ‘Taha Rāwhiti o Īnia’ rānei; Nā te kore kite i ētahi āhuatanga ōrite ki ngā iwi o Ahitereiria me te Taha Tonga o Amerika, kīhai aua whenua i whakaarotia he whenua ērā i ahu mai ai te Māori."
"Because they did not see any similarities with the people of Australia and the South Side of America, those countries were not considered to be the countries where the Māori came from.",I ēnei rā e whakaaehia tonu ana te tirohanga nei.
"The Greeks, the people of Poland, the people who run away from the currents of time","Te Kariki, ngā iwi o Poronihia, te hunga rere i te au o te wā"
"After Cook came the new European speakers, and their views were very different from Cook's.","I muri mai i a Kuki ka whai mai ko ngā kaikōrero Pākehā hōu, ā, he rerekē rawa atu o rātou whakaaro ki ō Kuki."
"They followed the popular theory of the time - that is, their own origins in the ancient world of Kirishi.","I whai rātou i te ariā rongonui o te wā – arā, ō rātou ake pūtakenga mai i te ao tawhito o Kirihi."
"When the French explorer Dumont d'Urville arrived, he 'passively compared' the towns, landscapes and people of New Zealand to those of Greece.","I te taenga o te kaihōpara Wīwī a Dumont d’Urville, ka ‘whakataurite poka noa’ a ia i ngā taone, ngā whenua me ngā āhuatanga tangata o Aotearoa ki ērā o Kirihi."
He also organized the Māori warships into those of the 'warriors of Troy'.,Nāna anō i whakarite ngā waka taua a te Māori ki ērā o ngā ‘toa o Troy’.
"Until the 19th century, the theory that the Māori came from, including the peoples of the Pacific Ocean, Europe or western Asia was still alive.","Taka tonu ki te rau tau 1900, i te ora tonu te ariā i ahu mai te Māori, tae atu ki ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, i Ūropi, i te taha uru o Āhia rānei."
The way of life of the people of the Pacific Ocean was modeled after the way of life of the people of the old world of Europe.,Ka tauiratia te noho o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki te āhuatanga noho o ngā iwi o te ao tawhito o Ūropi.
"As some of the speakers make conclusions, they go back in time to see how their ancestors lived.","Whāia ka puta ngā whakatau a ētahi kaikōrero, e hoki whakamua ana rātou i te au o te wā kia kite i te āhua i noho ai ō rātou tīpuna."
"However, modern understanding has shown that the first peoples of the Pacific appeared in the area of ​​the southern part of the China Sea, however, the thought process of the Polynesian peoples developed right into the Pacific Ocean.","Heoi anō, nā ngā māramatanga o ēnei rā kua kitea i puta mai ngā iwi tuatahi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i te takiwā o te taha tonga o te moana o Haina, heoi anō, i whanake te tikanga whakaaro a ngā iwi o Poronihia ki roto tonu i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
Missionaries and lost peoples,Ngā mihingare me ngā iwi ngaro
"The historical interpretation of the Christian missionaries was taken from the Bible, that is, all the people of the world are descendants of Noah after the Great Flood.","Ko te whakamāramatanga ā-hītori o ngā mihingare Karaitiana i tīkina mai i te Paipera, arā hei uri ngā tāngata katoa o te ao nō Noa whai muri i te Waipuke Nui."
"According to them, the 'wild animals' including the people of Te Moananui-a-Kiwa descended from Noah's pet son, Shem; but the 'wild ones', that is, the natives of Papua and Australia, descended from his son Ham.","Ki tā rātou, i heke mai ngā ‘tūmomo mohoao’ tae atu ki ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, i te tama mōkai a Noa, i a Shem; engari ko ngā ‘mohoao ware’, arā, ngā tāngata whenua o Papua me Ahitereiria i takea mai i tana tama meamea i a Ham."
Perhaps the missionary Samuel Marsden was the first person to propose the origin of the Māori from the Hūrae or Semitic people (meaning the descendants of Shem).,"Tērā pea ko te mihingare a Samuel Marsden te tangata tuatahi kia whakatakoto kōrero mō te takenga mai o te Māori i te iwi Hūrae, Semitic (ko ngā uri o Shem te tikanga) rānei."
"Seeing the Māori's ability to trade, he came to the conclusion that the Māori were 'sprung from some dispersed Jews'.","Nā tōna kite i te whai kaha o te Māori ki ngā mahi tauhokohoko, ka puta tana whakatau mō te Māori arā, ‘sprung from some dispersed Jews [i puta mai i ētahi Hūrae kua korara]'."
"According to the other missionary Thomas Kendall, the concepts of the Old Testament are included in the beliefs of the Māori, including their art of carving.","Ki tā tērā atu mihingare a Thomas Kendall, kei roto ngā ariā o te Kawenata Tawhito i ngā whakapono o te Māori, tae atu ki ōna toi whakairo."
"After reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica, he explored the Pythagorean concepts of the Māori's universal knowledge.",Whāia nō tana pānui i te Encyclopaedia Britannica ka tūhuratia e ia ngā ariā Pythagorean i te mātauranga ao nui mārama a te Māori.
"He suspects that they came from Egypt, but not July.","Ka whakapae a ia i ahu mai rātou i Īhipa, engari ehara i te Hūrae."
"However, the story that most of the missionaries brought to New Zealand and the islands of the Pacific was the theory that the people of Poland came from one of the golden peoples of Israel.",Heoi ko te kōrero i kawea haerehia e te nuinga o te hunga mihingare ki Aotearoa me ngā motu o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ko te ariā i ahu mai ngā iwi o Poronihia i tētahi o ngā iwi korara o Iharaira.
This is a story believed by the Māori to justify the claim that they are God's sworn people.,"He kōrero tēnei i whakaponohia e te Māori hei whakamana i te whakapae, he iwi oati rātou nō te Atua."
Page 2. 1840–1930: the Aryan theory,Whārangi 2. 1840–1930: te ariā Aryan
Comparative sciences,Ngā pūtaiao whakataurite
"Around the second half of the 1800s, ideas shifted from Semitic origins to Aryan, Caucasian origins.","I te takiwā o te wāhanga tuarua o te rau tau atu i 1800, ka anga ngā whakaaro mai i ngā taketakenga Semitic Hūrae ki ngā taketakenga Aryan, Caucasian."
"It was then argued that the origins of Māori were not in Egypt or Greece, but rather in India as the origin of the Polynesian people.","Kātahi ka whakapaetia kāore ngā pūtake o te Māori ki Īhipa, ki Kirihi rānei, engari ko Īnia kē te motu taketake ake o ngā tāngata Poronihiana."
"This theory resulted from the scientific studies that were going strong in England at the time - comparing grammar, religion and literature.","I hua mai te ariā nei i ngā mātauranga pūtaiao e haere kaha ana i Ingarangi i taua wā – te whakataurite i ngā mātauranga wetereo, whakapono, pūrākau hoki."
One of the cultural achievements of that time was to gain an understanding of the historical connections and development of languages.,Ko tētahi o ngā whakatutukinga ahurewa o tērā wā ko te whai māramatanga i ngā tuituinga ā-hītori me te whanaketanga o ngā reo.
This began with William Jones in 1786.,I tīmata mai tēnei i a William Jones i te tau 1786.
"He suspected connections between European languages ​​and Sanskrit, the original language of India.","I whakapaetia e ia ngā tūhonotanga i waenganui i ngā reo o Ūropi me te reo Sanskrit, arā, te reo taketake ake o Īnia."
Grammatical humanism revealed the Indo-European language variety.,Nā te kāwai tangata wetereo i hura te momo reo Indo-European.
"In the 18th century, influential scholars such as the Oxford grammarian Max Müller pointed to the importance of the entrance of the ancient Aryan tribes into India.",I te rau tau 1800 ka tohu ngā pūkenga whai mana pērā i te kaiwetereo o Oxford a Max Müller ki te whakahirahira o te tomokanga o ngā iwi Aryan o mua ki roto o Īnia.
"Indian languages ​​and philosophies were the basis for the development of Greece and Rome, as well as the societies of modern Europe.","Ko ngā reo me ngā tikanga whakaaro Īniana te pūtake i tipu mai ai a Kirihi me Roma, tae atu ki ngā hapori o Uropi o tēnei wā."
Müller equates linguistic history with human history.,"Ka whakaōrite a Müller i te hītori ā-reo, ki te hītori ā-tāngata."
He believed that the peoples of Europe and India had a common descent from the Aryan tribe.,I whakapono a ia he hekenga tahi tō ngā iwi o Ūropi me Īnia i te kāwai Aryan.
This is why the Māori were once again included in the list of people who were thought to have descended from the ancient Aryan people.,Nō konei ka makaia anō te Māori ki roto i te rārangi iwi i whakaarohia i heke mai i ngā iwi tawhito o te Aryan.
"One of the founding fathers of anthropology, Edward Taylor, extended his analysis to the humanities and linguistics.",Nā tētahi o ngā kaiwhakaū o te mātauranga tikanga tangata a Edward Taylor i whakawhānui ōna tātaritanga ki ngā mātauranga pūtaiao tangata me ngā mātauranga wetereo.
He then suggested that there are also clues in some human thought processes from the early years of human life.,Nā whai anō ka whakapae a ia arā anō ngā maramara taunaki i roto i ētahi tikanga whakaaro tāngata nō ngā tau tōmua o te koiora tangata.
Sanskrit remains,Ngā toenga Sanskrit
"In addition to Captain Cook, the speakers will compare the grammar and religious studies of the Pacific.","Atu i te wā i a Kāpene Kuki, ka whakatauriterite ngā kaikōrero i ngā mātauranga wetereo, whakapono hoki o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"However, with the advent of scientific comparative studies, analyzes became systematic.","Heoi nō te putanga mai o ngā mātauranga whakatauriterite pūtaiao, ka nahanaha ngā tātaritanga."
"More recently, scholars in the Pacific have found links between the Malayo-Polynesian language and the Indo-European language.",Taro kau ake ka kitea e ngā pūkenga ki Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ngā hononga i waenganui i te momo reo o Malayo-Polynesian me te reo Indo-European.
"It is argued that there were not too many Sanskrit references in the languages ​​of the peoples of the Pacific; and yet, the traditions, myths and beliefs of the peoples of the Pacific are full of the Aryan philosophy.","Ka whakapaetia kīhai i nui rawa ngā taunaki Sanskrit i ngā reo o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa; ā, heoi, kikī ana ngā tikanga, pakiwaitara, whakapono hoki a ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i ngā taunaki o te tikanga whakaaro Aryan."
Edward Tregear was a grammarian and scholar who arrived in New Zealand in 1863.,"He kaiwetereo, he pūkenga hoki a Edward Tregear i tae mai ki Aotearoa i te tau 1863."
"He suspected that some of the Sanskrit-speaking Aryans (the original language of India) that Muller spoke of had traveled through the small islands of south-east Asia, and out to the islands of the Pacific, and even to New Zealand.","Nāna te whakapae ko ētahi o ngā iwi Aryan kōrero Sanskrit (te reo taketake ake o Īnia) i kōrerohia e Muller, i paneke mā ngā moutere ririki o te tonga mā rāwhiti o Āhia, ka puta atu ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, tae rawa ake ki Aotearoa nei."
"He concludes that the language, stories and customs of the Māori contain evidence of the heritage of the Aryan-Indian people.","Ka whakatau a ia kei roto i te reo, ngā pūrākau, tikanga hoki a te Māori ngā taunaki o ngā taonga tuku iho a te iwi Aryan-Īniana."
"Therefore, it is believed that the secret information about the philosophies of the people of the Pacific will be revealed in these games, and it will also be clear how the Aryan philosophies arose.","Nā, ka maharatia ka puta ngā kōrero muna mō ngā tikanga whakaaro o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i ēnei tīwhiri, ā, ka whai mārama anō hoki ki te āhua i puea mai te tikanga whakaaro Aryan."
"The concept of the Aryan or Caucasian became widespread in New Zealand and the Pacific, starting in the 1930s.","Ka whānui te takoto o te ariā o te Aryan, Caucasian rānei ki roto i ngā pūkenga o Aotearoa o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa hoki, tatū rawa mai ki te tekau tau atu i 1930."
Page 3. 1840s–early 1900s: tradition and the great shadow,Whārangi 3. 1840–ngā tau tōmua o 1900: ngā kōrero tuku iho me te tāruru nui
Traditions,Ngā kōrero tuku iho
"From the 1840s, many people collected Māori traditions.","Atu i te tau 1840, tokomaha ngā tāngata kohikohi i ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori."
"However, they did not find any information about when they arrived, who arrived, the number of boats that arrived, or where these boats came from in Poland.","Heoi, kīhai i kitea e rātou etahi kōrero mō te wā i ū mai rātou, ko wai i tae mai, tokohia rānei ngā waka i tae mai, i ahu mai rānei ngā waka nei i tēhea muka o Poronihia."
"However, there are areas where they agree.","Heoi, arā anō ngā wāhi i whakaae ai rātou."
"One thing that tradition agrees on is the places where the wakas landed, and some of the wakas have their names heard in other areas.","Ko tētahi mea e whakaae ana ngā kōrero tuku iho, mō ngā wāhi i tau mai ai ngā waka, ā, ko ētahi o ngā waka rangona ai ō rātou ingoa ki ētahi ake takiwā."
At that time it was thought that the destination of these vehicles was hundreds of years ago and not thousands of years ago.,"I taua wā i maharatia nō roto i ngā rau tau ki mua kaua nō ngā mano tau ki mua, te ūnga mai o ngā waka nei."
"There is another story, there were wild people here before the Māori, and when the Māori came they were conquered.","Tērā anō te kōrero, he iwi mohoao i konei i mua i te Māori, ā, nō te taenga mai o te Māori ka eketia te iwi rā."
New interpreter: S. Percy Smith,He kaiwhakamārama hōu: ko Te Mete (S. Percy Smith)
"With the rise of questions about the origin of Pacific peoples including Māori in the late 19th century, the identity of New Zealand began to be heard.","Nā te āranga mai o ngā uiui mō te pūtake mai o ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa tae atu ki te Māori i ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1800, ka tīmata te rongohia o te tuakiri o Aotearoa."
In order to implement that there will be interesting stories about the history of this island and a simple explanation about the impact of the European world on the Māori.,Hei whakatinana i tērā ka puta ngā kōrero whakarekareka mō te hītori o tēnei motu me tētahi whakamāramatanga ngāwari mō te pānga o te ao Pākehā ki runga i te Māori.
Te Mete implemented this type of history for New Zealand.,Nā Te Mete te momo hītori nei mō Aotearoa i whakatinana.
He was a senior surveyor and co-founder and editor (along with Edward Tregear) of The Polish Society.,"He kairūri matua a ia, ā, ko ia anō tētahi o ngā kaiwhakaū, ētita (rāua tahi ko Edward Tregear) hoki o Te Rōpū Poronihia."
"In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Te Mete 'improved' the form of traditional Māori stories to make them easier and clearer for the ear, and the European eye.","I ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1800 me ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 1900, nā Te Mete i ‘whakapaipai’ te āhua o ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori kia ngāwari ai, kia whai mārama anō hoki ai ki te taringa, me te kanohi Pākehā."
The Great Mistake,Te Heke Nui
"According to Te Mete, New Zealand was discovered around 750 AD by the Pacific explorer Kupe.","E ai ki a Te Mete, nō te takiwā o te tau 750 AD ka huraina a Aotearoa e te kaihōpara o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa e Kupe."
"At that time there were no people here; and around 1000-1100 AD, the explorers of the Pacific, Toi and Whātonga, arrived.","I taua wā kīhai he tangata o konei; ā kia taka mai ki ngā tau 1000-1100 AD, ka tae mai ngā kaitoro o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, i a Toi rāua ko Whātonga."
When they arrived they found that the land was already inhabited by a wild tribe called the Moriori.,Nō tā rāua taenga ka kitea e rāua kua nōhia kētia te whenua e tētahi iwi mohoao e kīia ai he Moriori.
Fast forward to 1350 AD when the 'Great Depression' arrives.,Kia tatū rawa mai ki te tau 1350 AD ka tae mai te ‘Tāruru Nui’.
"There were seven boats - Aotea , Kurahaupō , Mataatua , Tainui , Tokomaru , Te Arawa, Tākitimu - these were the boats that transported Māori from the Tahiti area to New Zealand.","E whitu ngā waka – ko Aotea, ko Kurahaupō, ko Mataatua, ko Tainui, ko Tokomaru, ko Te Arawa, ko Tākitimu – koinei ngā waka kawe i te Māori i te takiwā o Tahiti ki Aotearoa nei."
"The Moriori people were killed by this tribe of drought, war and agriculture.","Nā tēnei iwi whatutoto, pakanga, ahuwhenua hoki i whakamate te iwi Moriori."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
1880s–1970s: the origins of Moriori and the Great Taruru,Tekau tau 1880–ki te tekau tau 1970: te takenga mai o te Moriori me te Tāruru Nui
Early theories of Moriori,Ngā ariā tōmua mō te Moriori
"In the middle of the 1800s, a bone was found lying next to the nails of a person.",Nō te pokapū o te rau tau atu i 1800 kua kitea he kōiwi moa e takoto ana i te taha o ngā whao o te tangata.
"This is why questions arise as to whether the moa was killed by the Māori, or if it was killed by an earlier tribe.","Nō konei ka pupū ake ngā pātai mēnā nā te Māori te moa i patupatu, mēnā nā tētahi iwi tōmua ake rānei te moa i patu."
"And if there were people here before the arrival of the Māori, who were they and what did they do?","Ā, mēnā he iwi i konei i mua i te taenga mai o te Māori, ko wai rātou, ā, i aha rātou?"
"According to geologist Julius von Haast, the people who built the moa were Palaeolithic people.","Hei tā te kaitātai aro whenua a Julius von Haast, he iwi Palaeolithic te iwi nā rātou i patu te moa."
"The stories of Te Mete (S. Percy Smith) about the Great Flood give a simple explanation of what happened to them and when this situation happened: the original people of New Zealand were wild, wandering, butchering people (Palaeolithic Moriori) was destroyed and overtaken by a more powerful and agriculturally advanced tribe (Neolithic Māori).","Nā ngā kōrero a Te Mete (S. Percy Smith) mō te Tāruru Nui ka puta he whakamārama noa i ahatia rātou, ā, nōnahea hoki tēnei āhuatanga i tū: he iwi mohoao, haere, patupatu moa ngā iwi taketake ake o Aotearoa (Palaeolithic Moriori) i whakangarohia, i ekehia hoki e tētahi iwi kaha ake, matatau hoki ki te ahuwhenua (Neolithic Māori)."
Supporting agriculture,Te tautoko i te whakataiwhenua
"Since the time of Captain Cook, it has been believed that the people of Te Moanani-a-Kiwa would die from contact with Europeans, despite the fact that there is no evidence to support this.","Mai anō i te wā i a Kāpene Kuki ko te whakapono ka mate ngā tāngata o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i te tūtakitanga ki te Pākehā, ahakoa te mea kāore he taunaki e tautoko ana i tēnei."
"In the second half of the 1800's, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution appeared which said that - due to the laws of nature, weak people such as the people of Te Moananui-a- Quiet.",I te wāhanga tuarua o te rau tau 1800 ka puta te ariā a Charles Darwin mō te kunenga e mea ana – nā runga i ngā ture tonu o te taiao ka mate ā-moa ngā iwi ngoikore pēnei i ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
"When the 1896 census was published, it was found that the Māori population was at an all-time low (42,000).","Nō te whakaputanga o ngā tatauranga o te tau 1896 ka kitea kei raro rawa te taupori Māori e putu ana (e 42,000)."
This is the smallest Māori minority since colonization began.,Koinei te tokoiti rawa o te Māori atu i te tīmatanga o te whakataiwhenuatanga.
"This is why, from a European point of view, the destruction of the Māori by the Europeans is meaningful because the Māori destroyed the Moriori people.","Nō konei, ki tā te Pākehā tirohanga, ka whai tikanga te whakangarotanga a te Pākehā i te Māori nā te whakangarotanga a te Māori i te iwi Moriori."
The concept of the Great Depression allowed for the colonization and possible extermination of Māori by Europeans.,Nā te ariā o te Tāruru Nui i whakamana te whakataiwhenuatanga me te whakamatenga tūturu pea o te Māori e te Pākehā.
Charles Goldie's photographs show the fastness of the Māori people who are resting at night.,Kei ngā whakaahua a Charles Goldie e whakaaturia ana te nohopuku o te tangata Māori e whakarehurehu ana ki te pō.
The arrangement of the Aryan,Te whakaritenga o te Aryan
He pai kia tirohia ngā kōrero a Te Mete mō te Tāruru Nui i roto i te horopaki whānui mō ngā Aryan.,He pai kia tirohia ngā kōrero a Te Mete mō te Tāruru Nui i roto i te horopaki whānui mō ngā Aryan.
"Kei roto i āna kōrero i tētahi hītori roa, mōrearea hoki mō te iwi Māori, iwi Pākehā hoki.","Kei roto i āna kōrero i tētahi hītori roa, mōrearea hoki mō te iwi Māori, iwi Pākehā hoki."
"Me tana kī taketake mai ai ngā iwi e rua nei i te tātai kotahi, ahakoa tawhito.","Me tana kī taketake mai ai ngā iwi e rua nei i te tātai kotahi, ahakoa tawhito."
"Heoi, ko te rangatiratanga o Aotearoa – ka riro i ngā tāngata whai Pākehā – ā, e hanga hōu ana rātou i tētahi motu, mō rātou, mō te ao whānui hoki.","Heoi, ko te rangatiratanga o Aotearoa – ka riro i ngā tāngata whai Pākehā – ā, e hanga hōu ana rātou i tētahi motu, mō rātou, mō te ao whānui hoki."
I whakapono ngā Pākehā nei o te tonga he momo tāngata hōu rātou i heke i ō rātou tīpuna o Ingarangi.,I whakapono ngā Pākehā nei o te tonga he momo tāngata hōu rātou i heke i ō rātou tīpuna o Ingarangi.
"Nō ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau atu i 1800, i tirohia a Aotearoa pēnei i te taiwhanga pūtaiao hapori o te ao, arā, te wāhi i whānau mai ai te rau tau 1900.","Nō ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau atu i 1800, i tirohia a Aotearoa pēnei i te taiwhanga pūtaiao hapori o te ao, arā, te wāhi i whānau mai ai te rau tau 1900."
Ka memeha te ariā mō te Tāruru Nui,Ka memeha te ariā mō te Tāruru Nui
I āwhinatia a Te Mete e ngā pūkenga o te mātauranga Māori pēnei i a Te Pēhi.,I āwhinatia a Te Mete e ngā pūkenga o te mātauranga Māori pēnei i a Te Pēhi.
"Nāna ngā kōrero mō te Moriori i whakamōmona, arā, he iwi mohoao i takea kē mai i Meranīhia.","Nāna ngā kōrero mō te Moriori i whakamōmona, arā, he iwi mohoao i takea kē mai i Meranīhia."
"Ka whakaaehia te ariā o te Tāruru, Nui e te Māori, me te Pākehā.","Ka whakaaehia te ariā o te Tāruru, Nui e te Māori, me te Pākehā."
"Ā, nā te pūkenga tonu o te ao Māori, nā Te Rangihīroa, i whakapae nā tōna toto Poronihia i pā mai ai ngā māramatanga o te matakite ki a ia mō ngā mātauranga o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.","Ā, nā te pūkenga tonu o te ao Māori, nā Te Rangihīroa, i whakapae nā tōna toto Poronihia i pā mai ai ngā māramatanga o te matakite ki a ia mō ngā mātauranga o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"Heoi i tohe tonu ia nō te kāwai tangata o te Aryan te Māori, tērā pea i ahu mai i te Waenganui Rāwhiti (Middle East), ā, tērā tonu pea i noho ki tētahi takiwā ki Īnia.","Heoi i tohe tonu ia nō te kāwai tangata o te Aryan te Māori, tērā pea i ahu mai i te Waenganui Rāwhiti (Middle East), ā, tērā tonu pea i noho ki tētahi takiwā ki Īnia."
Ka tautoko a ia i te ariā o te Tāruru Nui.,Ka tautoko a ia i te ariā o te Tāruru Nui.
"Ka tautoko ia i ngā kōrero mō Kupe rātou ko Toi, ko Whātonga me ā rātou tūhuratanga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.","Ka tautoko ia i ngā kōrero mō Kupe rātou ko Toi, ko Whātonga me ā rātou tūhuratanga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"Heoi anō, ka whakahē a ia i te kōrero ko te Moriori te iwi tuatahi ki Aotearoa.","Heoi anō, ka whakahē a ia i te kōrero ko te Moriori te iwi tuatahi ki Aotearoa."
"Nāwai ā, ka huri te kōrero a Te Mete hei pūrākau.","Nāwai ā, ka huri te kōrero a Te Mete hei pūrākau."
Kia taka mai ki te tekau tau atu i 1970 kei te akongia tonuhia ngā kōrero a Te Mete ki te Pākehā me te Māori.,Kia taka mai ki te tekau tau atu i 1970 kei te akongia tonuhia ngā kōrero a Te Mete ki te Pākehā me te Māori.
Me kī kua whai pakiaka āna kōrero ki roto i te ahurea whānui o Aotearoa.,Me kī kua whai pakiaka āna kōrero ki roto i te ahurea whānui o Aotearoa.
Page 5. 1920–2000: a new understanding,Whārangi 5. 1920–2000: he māramatanga hōu
The story of the Moriori is diluted,Ka waimeha te pūrākau mō te Moriori
"Two New Zealand anthropologists argued for the theory that the Moriori were here before the Māori - H. D Skinner, in the 1920s, and Roger Duff in the 1920s.",Tokorua ngā kaimātai tikanga tangata o Aotearoa i tohe i te ariā e mea ana i konei te Moriori i mua i te Māori – ko H.
1940.,"D Skinner, i te tekau tau atu i 1920, ā, ko Roger Duff i te tekau tau atu i 1940."
"They suspected that the first inhabitants of this island - the Poultry people, came from Poland.","I whakapae rāua ko ngā tāngata tuatahi o tēnei motu – ngā iwi patu moa, i puta mai i Poronihia tonu."
"Due to his excavations in the Te Wairau River basin, Duff found the real evidence, that is, the early Māori people who hunted moose.","Nā ana kerikeritanga ki te tāhuna o te awa o Te Wairau, ka kitea e Duff ngā taunaki pono, arā, he iwi Māori tōmua aua iwi whaiwhai moa."
"His explanation for the variety of tools found in the sites excavated at archaeological sites is that all the tools were made by Māori, showing the strength of Māori culture, not advocate for an earlier tribe than the Māori in New Zealand.","Ko tana whakamārama mō te rerekē o ngā taputapu i kitea i ngā papanga i kerikeria ki ngā wāhi whaipara tangata e mea ana, nā te Māori katoa aua taputapu i hanga, e whakaatu ana i te pakaritanga o te ahurea o te Māori, ehara i te taunaki mō tētahi iwi tōmua ake i te Māori ki Aotearoa."
The following is the understanding of these times; Pacific Islanders were the first to settle in New Zealand around the 1200's.,E whai ake nei ko te māramatanga o ēnei wā; ko ngā tāngata o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ngā iwi tuatahi kia noho ki Aotearoa i te takiwā o te rau tau atu i 1200.
"Around the 1400's, some people migrated to Wharekauri, 800 km away.","I te takiwā o te rau tau atu i 1400, ka rere ētahi tāngata ki Wharekauri, e 800 kiromita te pāmamao."
remote.,"Ka motu ngā here ki Aotearoa, ka tipu ā rātou tikanga whakahaere."
"As ties to New Zealand are broken, their management practices grow.",I te tekau tau atu i 1830 ka tae atu ētahi Māori ki Wharekauri mā runga i tētahi kaipuke Pākehā.
In the 1830s some Māori arrived at Wharekauri on a European ship.,Koinei te tūtakitanga tuatahi a ngā iwi kiritata e rua nei mō ngā tau e 300 te roa.
This is the first meeting between the two civilized tribes for 300 years.,Ko te ingoa kārangaranga o ngā iwi o Wharekauri ko te Moriori – tā rātou whakahua i te kupu Māori.
Criticism of the theory of the Great Shadow,Te whakahē i te ariā o te Tāruru Nui
"Skinner and Duff supported Te Mete's (S. Percy Smith) account of early Pacific explorers - about Kupe (750 AD), about Toi and Whātonga (1000-1100) - and the Great Cloud around 1350.","I tautoko tonu a Skinner rāua ko Duff i te kōrero a Te Mete (S. Percy Smith) mō ngā kaihōpara tōmua o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa – mō Kupe (750 AD), mō Toi rāua ko Whātonga (1000–1100) – me te Tāruru Nui i te takiwā o te tau 1350."
"In the 1950s, a new method for determining the age of an object (such as wood, skull, bone) from archaeological sites emerged.","I te tekau tau atu i 1950 ka hua tētahi tikanga hōu mō te tātari i te pakeke o tētahi mea (pēnei i te rākau, te angaanga, te kōiwi) mai i ngā wāhi whaipara tangata."
The method of radiocarbon dating is to look at the age of some waste by seeing the amount of carbon-14 isotope remaining in the waste.,Ko te tikanga o te radiocarbon dating ko te tiro i te tawhito o ētahi para mā te kite i te nui o te isotope carbon-14 e toe ana i roto i te para.
"Due to the new evidence, it is concluded that the arrival of the Māori was much earlier - around 800 AD.","Nā ngā taunaki hōu nei, ka puta te whakatau he tōmua noa atu te taenga mai o te Māori – i te takiwā o te tau 800 AD."
Radiocarbon dating is one of several scientific studies that has disproved the story of the Big Bang.,Ko te radiocarbon dating tētahi o ngā tūmomo mātauranga rangahau i whakahē i te kōrero mō te Tāruru Nui.
In the 1960s the anthropologist David Simmons analyzed Te Mete's theory of the Great Depression.,I te tekau tau atu i 1960 ka wetewetea e te kaimātai momo tangata e David Simmons te ariā o Te Mete mō te Tāruru Nui.
"He showed Te Mete's cunning ways of manipulating Māori tradition and whakapapa, to make the story he liked.","I whakaaturia e ia ngā mahi mūrere a Te Mete ki te raweke i ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā whakapapa a te Māori, kia hua ko te kōrero e pai ana ki a ia."
"For example, Te Mete believed that all Māori traditions were correct.","Hei tauira, i whakapono a Te Mete he tika katoa ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori."
"Most of these stories are genealogical, starting with the destination of a waka.","Ko te nuinga o ngā kōrero nei he whakapapa, tīmata mai ana i te ūnga o tētahi waka."
"By adding 25 years to the names of the genealogy, the age of a story can be found.",Mā te uta i te 25 tau ki runga i ngā ingoa o te whakapapa ka kitea te tawhito o ngā tau o tētahi kōrero.
"Unfortunately, tribal history did not start at the same time.","Heoi ko te mate, kīhai ngā kōrero ā-iwi i tīmata i te wā kotahi."
Therefore he turned to balance these stories.,Nā reira ka tahuri ia ki te whakaōrite i ngā kōrero nei.
This gives 1350 AD as the year the Great Flood arrived in New Zealand.,Nō konei ka hua mai a 1350 AD mō te tau tae ai te Tāruru Nui ki Aotearoa.
"After all, despite Te Mete's assertion that all the information he used was correct, some of his choices were ambiguous.","Whāia, ahakoa te whakapae a Te Mete he tika katoa ngā kōrero i whakamahia e ia, he rangirua ētahi o ana whiriwhiringa."
One of the people who spoke to him was Te Whatahoro Jury.,Ko tētahi o ngā tāngata whāngai korero ki a ia ko Te Whatahoro Jury.
Te Whatahoro alleged that he studied in Te Mātorohanga's schools in the 1860s.,Ko te whakapae a Te Whatahoro i ako ia ki roto i ngā kura wānanga a Te Mātorohanga i te tekau tau atu i 1860.
"However, not all of Te Whatahoro's studies were genuine.","Heoi, ehara i te mea he tūturu ngā akoranga katoa a Te Whatahoro."
"He was baptized as a Mormon, and he helped to translate the Book of Mormon (which states that the people of Poland were one of the Koral Tribes of Israel).","I iriiritia a ia hei Mōmona, i āwhina a ia ki te whakamāori i te Puka Mōmona (kei roto e kī ana ko ngā iwi o Poronihia tētahi o ngā Iwi Korara o Iharaira)."
"He is also a member of the Polynesian Group, and he is very close to Te Mete in their work.","He mema anō hoki ia nō te Rōpū Poronihiana, ā, he tino tata a ia ki a Te Mete i roto i ā rāua mahi."
He was his advisor on Māori culture.,Ko ia tonu tana kaitohutohu ki ngā tikanga Māori.
Recently it has been seen that Te Whatahoro once again stood for the Māori political party Te Kotahitanga.,Nō mua tata nei kua kitea i tū anō a Te Whatahoro mō te rōpū tōrangapū Māori a Te Kotahitanga.
It is clear that his heritage collection activities are under the auspices of Te Kotahitanga.,"Mārama te kitea, kei raro kē ana mahi kohikohi kōrero tuku iho i te maru o Te Kotahitanga."
"Te Whatahoro is used by Te Mete, and Te Mete is used by Te Whatahoro.","Ka whakamahia a Te Whatahoro e Te Mete, ka whakamahia hoki a Te Mete e Te Whatahoro."
"In addition to the fictional story about the Taruru Nui, Te Mete's fictional explanation says that Kupe was the first explorer to arrive in 750 AD. Kupe was not famous in the tradition;","Tāpiri atu ki te kōrero tito mō te Tāruru Nui, ko te whakamāramatanga tito a Te Mete e mea ana, ko Kupe te kaihōpara tuatahi i tae mai i te tau 750 AD."
"He is very late, from the 13th century.","Kīhai a Kupe i rongonuitia ki roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho; nō muri rawa a ia, nō te rau tau 1300."
Follow all the information about Toi and Whātonga.,Whāia nāna katoa ngā kōrero mō Toi rāua ko Whātonga.
He chooses information that supports his theories and discards information that contradicts his theories.,"Ka whiriwhiri ia i ngā kōrero e tautoko ana i āna ariā, ka whakatahangia e ia ngā kōrero e whakahē ana i ana ariā."
"In the 1960s, the theory of the Great Cloud was again challenged by the historian Andrew Sharp.",I te tekau tau atu i 1960 ka whakahēhia anōtia te ariā mō te Tāruru Nui e te tumu kōrero e Andrew Sharp.
He suspected that the people of Te Moananui-a-Kiwa did not have the knowledge to travel on the tropical sea.,"Ko tāna i whakapae, kīhai i ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa te mātauranga mō te haere i runga i te moana uriuri."
"According to Sharp, the New Zealand explorers came from the eastern part of Poland and just happened to be here.","E ai ki a Sharp, i ahu mai ngā tāngata hura i Aotearoa i te taha rāwhiti o Poronihia, i tūpono noa mai ki konei."
"This was a controversial view, but it was widely followed at the time.","He tirohanga tēnei i tautohetia, engari i whāia e te rahi i taua wā."
Today's view,Te tirohanga o ēnei rā
"Since the end of the 20th century, there have been many different studies on the origins of Māori.","Atu i te paunga o te rau tau 1900, he maha ngā tūmomo rangahau mō te takenga mai o te Māori."
"This includes radiocarbon dating of archaeological sites, analysis of volcanic ash, genetic analysis of Māori women and Pacific rats, and modern dating.","Otirā ko te radiocarbon dating ki ngā wāhi whaipara tangata tērā, ko te tātaritanga o ngā pungarehu mai i ngā puia tērā, ko te tātaritanga pītau ira mai i ngā wāhine Māori me te kiore o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa tērā, ko te tāraitanga hōutanga o ngā waka tere moana o Poronihia hoki tērā."
"It is now believed that New Zealand was first inhabited by a people from the eastern part of Polynesia - from the area of ​​Rarotonga and Tahiti; they migrated slowly on different boats, in many migrations, and they arrived in New Zealand around the end of the 12th century.","I nāianei e whakaponohia ana i nōhia tuatahitia a Aotearoa e tētahi iwi nō te taha rāwhiti o Poronihia – mai i te takiwā o Rarotonga me Tahiti; i āta heke rātou i runga i ngā waka rerekē, i ngā hekenga maha, ā, nō te takiwā o te whakamutunga o te rau tau 1200 tae ai rātou ki Aotearoa."
"Despite the strong scientific evidence supporting these explanations, these explanations may change as new evidence emerges.","Ahakoa te kaha o ngā taunaki pūtaiao e tautoko ana i ngā whakamārama nei, ka panoni pea ngā whakamārama nei ki te puta mai ētahi taunaki hōu."
"As with all theories about the origin of Māori, the theories reflect the knowledge and understanding of the time.","Waihoki ki ngā ariā katoa e pā ana ki te pūtakenga mai o te Māori, he whakaaturanga ngā ariā ki ngā mātauranga me ngā māramatanga o taua wā."
Some people still follow the theory of the Great Depression - people don't fall for this - but this is the education that has been taught in schools for decades.,E whai tonu ana ētahi i te ariā o te Tāruru Nui – kāore te tangata e tumeke ki tēnei – otirā koinei te mātauranga i whāngaia ki roto i ngā kura mō ngā tekau tau maha.
"Since the 1970s, Aotearoa has seen the creativity of writers, filmmakers, sculptors, creative designers, musicians, etc.","Mai anō i te tekau tau o 1970, kua kaha te puta a Aotearoa i ngā auahatanga o ngā kaituhi, kaihanga kiriata, kaiwhakairo, kaihoahoa auaha, kaiwaiata, arā atu."
"Because of their courage and the depth of their vision, they are known nationally and internationally.","Nā tō rātou māia me te hōhonu o tā rātou titiro, kei te hau te rongo mō rātou ki te motu, ki te ao."
A summary,He korero whakarapopoto
An overview,He tirohanga whānui
"New Zealand's art traditions come from many countries, that is, from British settlers, immigrants from the Pacific, Asia, and Europe.","Ka ahu mai ngā tikanga toi o Aotearoa i ngā whenua maha, arā, mai ngā tāngata whai o Ingarangi, ngā manene o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, o Āhia, o Ūropi."
"Due to New Zealand's independence from other islands, New Zealand artists go abroad to work.","Nā te noho motuhake o Aotearoa i ētahi atu motu, ka haere ngā tohunga toi o Aotearoa ki tāwāhi kē mahi ai."
"However, these days there has been a strong growth in the arts at home.","Heoi, i ēnei rā kua kaha te tipu o ngā mahi toi ki te wā kāinga."
Sculpture arts,Ngā toi whakairo
Many New Zealanders buy art or go to galleries and museums to view art.,"He maha ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ka hoko mahi toi, ka haere rānei ki ngā taiwhanga whakaatu me ngā whare taonga kia mātaki mahi toi."
"Some funding is available from Toi Whakaari, the council for the arts.","Ka taea ētahi pūtea āwhina mai i a Toi Whakaari, te kaunihera mō ngā mahi toi."
More and more Māori people are involved in the arts.,Kei te nui ake te iwi Māori kei roto i ngā kaupapa toi.
Example,Tauira
Design practices have matured since the 1980s; in those years it seemed to work better with fabrics from New Zealand.,"Kua pakari ngā mahi hoahoa mai i te tekau tau atu i 1980; i aua tau ko te titiro, he pai ake te mahi me ngā papanga mai Aotearoa."
"A variety of New Zealand designers working in industrial design, interior design, computer science, etc. - will focus on foreign trends, however, New Zealand models and materials will always be involved.","Ka aro ngā tūmomo kaihoahoa o Aotearoa e mahi ana i te hoahoa ahumahi, roto taiwhanga, ā-rorohiko, arā atu - ki ngā ia o tāwāhi, heoi, ka whai wāhi tonu ngā tauira me ngā rauemi o Aotearoa."
The work of New Zealand designers can be seen at major exhibitions abroad.,Kitea ai ngā mahi a ngā tohunga kaihoahoa o Aotearoa ki ngā whakaaturanga nui ki tāwāhi.
Architecture,Hoahoanga
"New Zealand's architectural traditions come from England, America, and Europe, and are adapted to this country and climate.","Ka ahu mai ngā tikanga hoahoanga o Aotearoa i Ingarangi, i Amerika, i Ūropi, ka whakaritea ki tēnei whenua me te āhuarangi."
The model of the Māori house and the milk shed will be closely examined.,Ka āta tirohia te tauira o te whare Māori me te hēte miraka.
Film and media,Kiriata me te pāpāho
The growth of the film industry is very strong since the decade of 1980.,Kaha rawa atu te tipu o te ahumahi kiriata atu i te tekau tau o 1980.
"Some of the famous films are The piano, Whale rider, and The lord of the rings.","Ko ētahi o ngā kiriata rongonui ko The piano, ko Whale rider, ko The lord of the rings."
"In addition, there are more televisions and radios.","I tua atu, he maha ake ngā pouaka whakaata me ngā reo irirangi."
Irirangi te motu (New Zealand on Air) aims to bring more Maori and all New Zealanders into the media.,Ko Irirangi te motu (New Zealand on Air) kei te whai kia nui ake te kanohi Maori me ngā kanohi katoa o Aotearoa ki roto i ngā mahi pāpāho.
A Māori television station has been established.,Kua tū tētahi pouaka whakaata Māori.
Writing and publishing,Te tuhi me te whakaputa
Many cultures and tribal stories have contributed to the writing of New Zealand.,He maha ngā ahurea me ngā kōrero a ngā iwi kua whai wāhi ki ngā tuhituhi o Aotearoa.
"The groups, the New Zealand Society of Authors (PEN NZ) and the New Zealand Writers Guild represent writers.","Ko ngā rōpū, te New Zealand Society of Authors (PEN NZ) me te New Zealand Writers Guild ngā kanohi mō te hunga kaituhi."
Popular and classical songs,Ngā pūoru o nāianei (popular) me ngā pūoru ōkawa (classical)
"Since the 1920's and 1930's, when jazz, blues, and country music were first heard, modern music has become popular.","Mai anō i ngā tekau tau o 1920 o 1930, i te wā rongohia tuatahitia ai te jazz, te blues, te country, ka manakotia ngā pūoru o nāianei."
"The 1980s were a big time, with the release of albums by bands under the vinyl label Flying Nun and others.","He wā nui te tekau tau atu i 1980, i te putanga o ngā pūoru o ngā pēne i raro i te kamupene hanga kōpae pūoru a Flying Nun me ētahi atu."
"The New Zealand Music Industry Commission promotes musicians throughout the country, including Māori and Pacific musicians.","E whakatairanga ana te New Zealand Music Industry Commission i te hunga waiata puta noa i te motu, tae rawa ki ngā tāngata Māori me ngā tāngata o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"Acting, dancing, haka team","Whakaari, kanikani, kapa haka"
Professional art galleries are located in the main centers.,Kei ngā pokapū matua ngā whare toi ngaio.
"Toi Whakaari is the acting school, and Playmarket is the place where writers are encouraged to compile and promote their plays.","Ko Toi Whakaari te kura whakaari, ko Playmarket te kai awhi i ngā kaituhi kia whakahiato, whakatairanga i ā rātou tuhituhinga whakaari."
"The Royal New Zealand Ballet Company was established in 1953, and several new companies have also been established.","Nō te tau 1953 ka tū te Royal New Zealand Ballet Company, ā, kua tū hoki ētahi kamupene hōu."
"Dance is taught in a number of schools, one of which is the New Zealand School of Dance.","Ka whakaakongia te kanikani ki ētahi whare ako, ko tētahi kura nui ko te New Zealand School of Dance."
"The haka team is important to many, many people.","He mea nui te kapa haka ki te tini, ki te mano."
Haka teams compete to qualify for national haka team competitions.,Ka whakataetae ngā kapa haka kia eke ki ngā whakataetae kapa haka ā-motu.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
The creative spirit of New Zealand,Te wairua auaha o Aotearoa
Central to New Zealand's identity is the creative spirit.,"Kei waenganui pū i te tuakiri o Aotearoa, ko te wairua auaha."
"An important part of the arts is the story of New Zealand, even following the artistic ideas of the peoples of the world.","He wāhanga nui o ngā mahi toi, ko te kōrero mō Aotearoa, tae rawa atu ki te aru i ngā whakaaro toi o ngā iwi o te ao."
"New Zealand will reap the benefits of these exchanges, as will other countries.","Ka whiwhi a Aotearoa i te hua o ēnei whitiwhitinga, pērā i ētahi atu whenua ka whiwhi i ngā hua."
Different methods,Ngā tikanga rerekē
"New Zealand art comes from many sources: from the Māori people, the natives of this country; Europeans settled after 1840; in the nations of the Pacific, Asia and Europe that came after the Second World War.","Ka ahu mai ngā mahi toi o Aotearoa i ngā takenga maha: i te iwi Māori, te tangata whenua o tēnei whenua; i ngā Pākehā ka tau i muri i te tau 1840; i ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, o Āhia me Ūropi ka tae mai i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao."
Arts are supported,Ka tautokona ngā mahi toi
"There are many famous experts in New Zealand - such as the poet Douglas Lilburn, the printer Colin McCahon, the writer Janet Frame.","He tokomaha ngā tohungatā rongonui o Aotearoa – pērā i te kaitito a Douglas Lilburn, te tohunga tā a Colin McCahon, te kaituhi a Janet Frame."
Due to the smallness and remoteness of this country this was not done much here.,Nā te iti me te tāwhiti o tēnei whenua kāore i nui tēnei mahi i konei.
That's why most people leave abroad.,Koirā te take ka wehe te nuinga ki tāwāhi.
"However, from the 1940s and 1950s, support for these activities increased.","Heoi, atu i ngā tekau tau 1940 me 1950, ka nui haere ngā tautoko mō ēnei mahi."
To die for art,Ka mate mō te mahi toi
"According to a 1999 study, the average annual salary for performing arts - music, writing, visual arts, etc. was $20,700; the national average is $27,934. 66% of them were paid $10,000 a year for their art.","E ai ki tētahi rangahau i te tau 1999, e $20,700 te utu toharite ā-tau ki te hunga toi whakaari – pūoro, tuhituhi, toi ataata, aha atu; ko te utu toharite mō te motu whānui, e $27,934."
"According to the story, the price is so low because of the small number of supporters;","E 66% o rātou i utua te $10,000 i te tau mō ā rātou mahi toi."
There are not many jobs like this that are open; and limited government assistance.,"E ai ki te kōrero, ka pēnei te iti o te utu nā te tokoiti o te hunga tautoko; kāore i tino nui ngā mahi pēnei e tuwhera ana; me te iti o ngā āwhina a te kāwanatanga."
"According to an expert, 'If we are in another country, if you have the ability to do the same as we do….","E ai ki tētahi tohungatā, ‘Mēnā kei tētahi atu whenua tātou, ki te pēnei tō kaha ki te mahi pēnei i a mātou nei…."
.,.
you will not feel the harm of lack of wealth.,e kore koe e rongo i te kino o te rawa kore.
',’
It spread in the 1970s,Ka hōrapa i te tekau tau atu i 1970
"Since the 1970s, the arts have attracted supporters, artists, and many others who make a living from the arts.","Mai anō i te tekau tau atu i 1970 kua hua ngā mahi toi i te hunga tautoko, ngā tohunga toi, me te tokomaha atu ka whai oranga i ngā toi."
"Some art groups have been established, while others will receive government support.","Kua tū ētahi rōpū toi, ko ētahi ka whai āwhina i te kāwanatanga."
In 1998 Te Papa Tongarewa opened in Wellington.,Nō te tau 1998 ka tuwhera Te Papa Tongarewa ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara.
Arts New Zealand is the government ministry that supports the arts.,Ko Toi Aotearoa te manatū a te kāwanatanga e tautoko ana i ngā mahi toi.
"There have been more classrooms and teaching centers for drama, drama, kapa haka, and dance.","Kua rahi ake ngā akomanga me ngā whare whakaako mō ngā kaupapa whakaari, ngā whakaari, kapa haka, kanikani hoki."
"There have been many museums, art galleries, and even art awards and exhibitions for those who are emerging in the arts.","Kua tū te maha o ngā whare pupuri taonga, ngā whare toi, tae rawa ki ngā tohu toi me ngā takuhe mō te hunga kei te pihi ake i ngā kaupapa toi."
"Groups have been set up to present art projects, from formal music (chamber music) to 'mau noa'.","Kua tūtū ngā huihui whakaatu i ngā kaupapa toi, atu i ngā waiata ōkawa (chamber music) ki ngā ‘mau noa’."
"The most famous event, the New Zealand International Art Festival is held every two years.","Ko te huihui rongonui rawa atu, ko te Hui Toi o Aotearoa ki te Ao ka tū ia rua tau."
"The organization was established in 1984 in Wellington, and in 1986 the first unique event took place.","I hua ake te whakahaerenga i te tau 1984 ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ā, nō te tau 1986 ka tū te ahurei tuatahi."
Culture and identity,Ahurea me te tuakiri
The reason for the strong growth of the arts in New Zealand is because of the different economic and social conditions.,"Ko te take i kaha te tipu o ngā mahi toi ki Aotearoa, nā te rerekē o te ōhanga me te hapori."
"Since the 1970s, New Zealand has changed dramatically.","Mai anō i te tekau tau atu i 1970, kua tino rerekē a Aotearoa."
"The country has opened up, the old restrictions have been removed, the people have become more diverse, and the ties with the countries of the Pacific and Asia have become stronger.","Kua whenua tuwhera, kua tangatanga ngā here o mua, kua kanorau hoki te iwi, kua kaha ake ngā hononga ki ngā whenua o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa me Āhia."
"This is clearly seen in the arts; topics seen on television, the role of Pacific peoples in today's music, the different styles of the 1980s.","Mārama te kitea o tēnei i ngā kaupapa toi; ngā kaupapa ka kitea i te pouaka whakaata, te wāhi ki ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i roto i ngā pūoro o ēnei rā, ngā tauira rerekē o te tekau tau atu i 1980."
Another rise is Māori art.,"Ko tētahi anō pikinga, ko ngā toi Māori."
. There has also been an increase in the power of traditional Māori art and contemporary Māori art.,Kua piki anō te kaha o ngā toi Māori tūturu me ngā toi Māori o tēnei ao.
Take art projects,Kawea ngā kaupapa toi
Mika is a singer and dancer.,"He kaiwaiata, kaikanikani a Mika."
He and his Tour team have been to Edinburgh's unique event four times.,E whā ngā wā kua tū a ia me tana rōpū Torotoro ki te hui ahurei o Edinburgh.
"Their style of dance and music is a mix of kapa haka, hip hop, funk and break dance.","Ko tā rātou momo kanikani, waiata, he nunumitanga o te kapa haka, hip hop, funk me te kanikani whati."
Bringing New Zealand art to the world,Te hari i te toi o Aotearoa ki te ao
"Since the 1970s, more and more New Zealand art has gone global.","Atu i te tekau tau o 1970, kua nui ake ngā toi o Aotearoa kua hau ki te ao."
"There was news about New Zealand artists who lived abroad, such as the short story writer Katherine Mansfield, the scholar Frances Hodgkins, the sculptor Len Lye, the musical theater singer Kiri Te Kanawa.","I puta te rongo mō ngā tangata toi o Aotearoa i noho ki tāwāhi, pēnei i te kaituhi kōrero poto a Katherine Mansfield, te tohungatā a Frances Hodgkins, te kaiwhakairo a Len Lye, te kaiwaiata whakaari pūoro a Kiri Te Kanawa."
"However, until a few years ago, New Zealand's artists and creative artists were not widely known abroad.","Heoi, tatū ki ngā tau tata ki muri, kāore i tino whānui te rongo ki tāwāhi mō ngā toi me ngā tohunga auaha toi o Aotearoa."
"However, New Zealand's filmmakers, writers, visual artists, models, performers, and musicians have reached international standards.","Heoi, kua ekea ngā taumata o te ao e te hunga hanga kiriata, tuhituhinga, toi ataata, tauira, toi whakaari, pūoro o Aotearoa."
"Today, New Zealand art can be seen at major art fairs around the world.","I ēnei rā, ka kitea ngā mahi toi o Aotearoa ki ngā hui toi nui puta noa te ao."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
"Visual arts, crafts","Ngā toi ataata, ngā mahi toi"
It's a tradition,He tikanga mai anō
"The history of visual arts and crafts goes back 700 years, to the first arrival of Māori in New Zealand from the Pacific.","Hoki rā anō te hītori o ngā toi ataata me ngā mahi toi ki ngā tau e 700 ki mua, ki te taenga tuatahitanga a te Māori ki Aotearoa i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
They bring their carving and weaving skills.,"Ka kawea mai e rātou ō rātou toi whakairo, ō rātou toi raranga."
"When the Europeans arrived with their art, they took root in this country, and kept an eye on the movements of the art world abroad.","I te taenga mai o te Pākehā me āna toi, ka whai pakiaka ia ki tēnei whenua, me te titiro tonu ki nga nekeneke o te ao toi ki tāwāhi."
"In recent years, the two origins of New Zealand's visual arts and crafts have gained wider attention.",Nō ngā tau tata nei kātahi anō ka arongia whānuitia ngā pūtakenga e rua o ngā toi ataata me ngā mahi toi o Aotearoa.
Art appreciation,Te whakaaro nui ki ngā mahi toi
"A 2002 survey indicated that while 36% of the New Zealand population had purchased an original work of art in the past 12 months, 48% had visited a gallery or museum.","Nā tētahi tiro whānui o te tau 2002 i tohu ki te mea e 36% o te taupori o Aotearoa i hoko tētahi mahi toi taketake i roto i te e 12 marama ki muri, e 48% i tae ki tētahi taiwhanga whakaatu, whare taonga rānei."
". There are many galleries - public and private - in New Zealand, which cater to the needs of each and every visitor in the country.","He maha ngā taiwhanga whakaatu – tūmatanui, tūmataiti hoki – ki Aotearoa, e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia o tēnā, o tēnā whaitua o te motu."
"Great support for artists such as John Reynolds, Bill Hammond, Peter Robinson; sculptors Neil Dawson and Jacqueline Fraser; photographer Anne Noble; quarterback artist Ann Robinson.","He nui ngā tautoko mō ngā tāngata toi pērā i ngā tohungatā a John Reynolds, a Bill Hammond, a Peter Robinson; ngā kaiwhakairo a Neil Dawson, a Jacqueline Fraser mā; te kaitango whakaahua a Anne Noble; te tohunga toi kōata a Ann Robinson."
Art Galleries,Ngā Taiwhanga Toi
"There are major art galleries in the main cities of the country such as the Auckland Art Gallery, the City Gallery, the Christchurch Art Gallery Art Gallery), the Dunedin City Art Gallery.","Kei ngā tāone matua o te motu ngā taiwhanga toi nui pērā i te Taiwhanga Whakaatu o Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland Art Gallery), te Taiwhanga Tāone o Te Whanganui-a-Tara (City Gallery), te Taiwhanga Whakaatu o Ōtautahi (Christchurch Art Gallery), te Taiwhanga Whakaatu o Ōtepoti (Dunedin City Art Gallery)."
Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington houses the nation's largest collection of art.,Ko Te Papa Tongarewa i Te Whanganui-a-Tara kei te pupuri i te kohinga taonga toi o te motu.
"There have been galleries for a long time, such as the Suter art museum in Whakatū.",Kua roa e tū ana ētahi taiwhanga whakaatu pērā i te whare taonga o Suter i Whakatū (Suter art museum).
"Despite this, there are still many art galleries, such as the Dowse museum in Te Awakairangi and the Govett-Brewster gallery in Ngāmotu that have been established in the last 30 years.","Ahakoa tērā, he maha tonu ngā whare toi, pērā i te whare taonga o Dowse ki Te Awakairangi me te taiwhanga whakaatu o Govett-Brewster ki Ngāmotu i whakatūria i roto i te e 30 tau kua pahure."
"In the 1960s, galleries were raided;",Nō te tekau tau atu i 1960 ka huaki ngā taiwhanga hoko taonga; kua maha ēnei momo whare i ēnei rā.
There are many such houses today.,Kei te whakamahia te ipurangi hei hoko mahi toi.
Developing artists,Te whanake i te hunga toi
Toi Aotearoa has funding to support artists; organizers of exhibitions and projects; those who go abroad to work.,"Kei a Toi Aotearoa ngā pūtea āwhina i te hunga toi; te hunga whakatū whakaaturanga, tūmahi hoki; te hunga haere ki tāwāhi mahi ai."
"There are also groups that support artists, such as Photoforum and the New Zealand Society of Potters.","Kei reira anō ngā rōpū tautoko i ngā tāngata toi, pērā i a Photoforum me te New Zealand Society of Potters."
"Art education is taught in universities, colleges, institutions, and private schools.","Kei ngā whare wānanga, ngā kuratini, ngā pūtahi, ngā kura tūmataiti e akohia ana ngā mātauranga toi."
The most popular art publication in New Zealand is Art New Zealand.,"Ko te putanga toi rongonui rawa ki Aotearoa, ko Art New Zealand."
It contains many articles about art.,Kei roto te nui o ngā tuhinga a pā ana ki te toi.
Auto innovation,Te auaha motukā
"This is 'Trekka', Michael Stevenson's artwork for the 2003 Venice Biennale.","Koinei te ‘Trekka’, te mahinga toi a Michael Stevenson mō te Venice Biennale o te tau 2003."
This work shows the things that bind New Zealand to the world.,E whakaatu ana tēnei mahi i ngā āhuatanga e paihere ana i a Aotearoa ki te ao.
The Trekka is designed to resemble a jeep.,Ka hangaia te waka nei te Trekka kia ōrite tōna hanga ki tō te jeep.
"Parts of the Trekka are from New Zealand, the chassis is from Czechoslovakia, and the engine is from the Skoda company.","Ko ētahi wāhanga o te Trekka nō Aotearoa, ko te anga (chassis) nō Czechoslovakia, ko te mīhini nā te kamupene Skoda."
"This car was built in the 1960s and 1970s, when there were not many new cars in New Zealand.","Ka hangaia tēnei motukā i ngā tekau tau o 1960, o 1970, i te wā kīhai i tino rahi ngā motukā hōu ki Aotearoa."
"New Zealand will be proud of this vehicle, a testament to New Zealand's expertise and independence.","Ka tū whakahīhī a Aotearoa mō tēnei waka, he whakaaturanga mō te tohungatanga, mō te tū motuhake o Aotearoa."
The Trekka also became a symbol of the nation's aspirations for itself.,I tū anō te Trekka hei tohu mō ngā wawata o te motu mōna anō.
"However, because the architecture and components for this car were all sourced from overseas, the Trekka is a testament to the continued reliance of New Zealand's economy and arts on foreign countries.","Heoi, nā te mea i ahu katoa mai te hoahoanga me ngā wāhanga mō tēnei motukā i tāwāhi, he tohu te Trekka ki te whirinakitanga tonutanga a te ōhanga me ngā toi o Aotearoa ki ngā whenua ki tāwāhi."
Maori art,Toi Māori
"Since the 1970s, Māori art has been on the rise.","Mai anō i te tekau tau atu i 1970, kei te nui haere ngā toi Māori."
"At that time, Ngā Puna Waihanga, a group of Māori artists, was established.","I taua wā ka whakatūria Ngā Puna Waihanga, he rōpū whakahui i ngā tāngata toi Māori."
"Some of the experts in this group are Ralph Hotere, Para Matchitt, Robyn Kahukiwa, and newcomers like Michael Parekowhai and Shane Cotton.","Ko ētahi o ngā tohunga o tēnei rōpū ko Ralph Hotere, ko Para Matchitt, ko Robyn Kahukiwa, ko ngā tauhōu pēnei i a Michael Parekōwhai rāua ko Shane Cotton."
A very important project was the presentation of Te Māori to the world in 1984.,Ko tētahi kaupapa nui whakaharahara ko te whakaaturanga o Te Māori ki te ao whānui i te tau 1984.
"Te Māori opened the eyes of the world, and New Zealand itself, to the arts of the Māori World.","Nā Te Māori tuwhera ai ngā kanohi o te ao, o Aotearoa tonu, ki ngā toi o te Ao Māori."
"Māori art is supported by Toi Māori Aotearoa, a group of artists.","E tautokona ana ngā toi a te Māori e Toi Māori Aotearoa, he rōpū o ngā tāngata toi."
Art itself is a sign of patronage of the works and goods of Māori artists.,"Ko toi iho te waitohu manaaki i ngā mahi, i ngā taonga a ngā tāngata toi Māori."
Great view,Tirohanga nui
New Zealand art is well known abroad.,Kei te hau te rongo ki tāwāhi mō ngā mahi toi o Aotearoa.
"In recent decades, the Sydney Biennale and the Asia-Pacific Triennale have had an increasing influence on New Zealand art.","I roto i ngā tekau tau tata kua taha, kua nui haere te awe o te Sydney Biennale me te Asia-Pacific Triennale i runga i ngā mahi toi o Aotearoa."
"However, it was not until 2001 that New Zealand entered the Venice Biennale.","Heoi, nō te tau 2001 rā anō kātahi anō ka uru a Aotearoa ki roto i te Venice Biennale."
In 2004 the largest exhibition of New Zealand and Pacific art opened in America.,Nō te tau 2004 ka tuwhera ki Amerika te whakaaturanga nui rawa atu o ngā toi hōu o Aotearoa me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Model and innovation,Tauira me te auaha
It is a meaningful creative process,He tikanga auaha whai kiko
There is a great story that is said to have originated from New Zealand design in its ability to create meaningful things from very little.,Tērā tētahi kōrero nui e mea ana i taketake mai ngā tauiratanga (design) o Aotearoa i tōna matatau ki te hanga mea whai kiko mai te iti noa iho.
"However, it is still true to say that New Zealand's innovation is more about nature, available materials, or low cost materials.","Heoi, he tika tonu te kōrero ka toko ake ngā auahatanga o Aotearoa i te taiao, i ngā papanga e wātea ana, i ngā papanga iti rānei te utu."
"He no longer needs a korowai to clothe him, a pā to fish to feed him, the Māori has already died from the cold and lack of food.","Me kore ake te korowai hei kākahu i a ia, te pā hei mahi ika hei whāngai i a ia, kua mate kē te Māori i te mātao, i te kore kai."
"However, in addition to life, these items are missing;","Heoi, i tua atu i te oranga ka tareka i ēnei taonga; tukuna ihotia ai ēnei hei taonga kura i roto i ngā whakatipuranga."
These were passed down as school gifts through the generations.,"Nāwai rā ka auahatia e te Pākehā āna anō taonga ātaahua, whai kiko – te ipu putiputi Crown Lynn, me te tūru ‘Curvesse’."
Development of New Zealand designs,Whanaketanga o ngā tauira (design) o Aotearoa
"By the 1980s, much of New Zealand's innovation - industry, interior design, blue goods, clothing - was modeled after foreign trends.","Tatū ki te tekau tau atu i 1980, i tauirahia te nuinga o ngā auahatanga o Aotearoa - ahumahi, roto taiwhanga, taonga kahurangi, kākahu - i ngā ia o tāwāhi."
"After all, because of New Zealand's remoteness from the world, due to trade restrictions by some countries, a type of real New Zealand model will grow.","Whāia, nā te pāmamao o Aotearoa ki te ao, nā ngā aukati hoko a ētahi whenua, ka tipu he momo tauira tūturu o Aotearoa."
Some new innovations were Hamilton engines for jet boats; John Britten's autobiography; clothing and backpacks; equipment for living outside (outdoors).,"Ko ētahi auahatanga hōu i puta mai, ko ngā pūkaha Hamilton mō ngā waka (jet boat); te motupaika o John Britten; ngā kākahu me ngā tau uwhi tuarā (backpack); taputapu mō te noho ki waho (outdoors)."
All these tools are an expression of the creative spirit of New Zealand.,He whakaaturanga katoa ēnei taputapu i te wairua auaha o Aotearoa.
"By the mid-1990s, Māori, Pacific, and New Zealand carvings and symbols played an important role in the patterns and architecture of New Zealand.","Tae rawa ki te pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1990, kua whai wāhi nui ngā whakairo, ngā tohu a te Māori, a ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, a Aotearoa whānui tonu ki roto i ngā tauira me ngā hoahoanga o Aotearoa."
"More recently, a type of model called 'Pacific minimalism' emerged.","Taro kau ake, ka puea ake tētahi momo tauira kīia ai, ‘Pacific minimalism’."
"The Designers Institute of New Zealand was established in 1991 to promote various models - graphic, spatial, industrial, fashion, craft; he was also appointed as an administrator to study these matters.","Ka whakatūria te Designers Institute of New Zealand i te tau 1991 ki te whakatairanga i ngā momo tauira – graphic, spatial, industrial, fashion, craft; i whakatūria anō hoki ia hei whakahaere hei ako hoki i ēnei take."
Sell ​​to the world,Hoko ki te ao
New Zealand has looked broadly at industrial models and has looked abroad at innovation there.,"Kua whānui te titiro o Aotearoa ki ngā tauira ahumahi, kua titiro ki tāwāhi ki ngā auahatanga ki reira."
"Some companies have succeeded by focusing on the customer, focusing on new technologies, investing in research and developing marketing strategies.","Kua angitū ētahi kamupene nā te arotahi ki te kiritaki, te nanao ki ngā hangarau hōu, te whakangao moni ki ngā mahi rangahau, te hanga rautaki hokohoko hoki."
"Items designed for everyday use - dishwashers, chairs, buses, etc.","Ko ngā taonga kua hangaia mō ngā mahi noa o ia rā - pūrere horoi maitai, tūru, pahi, aha atu."
Some of the developments have yet to be implemented.,Ko ētahi o ngā whanaketanga kāore anō kia māhia.
The government's Design Industry Taskforce is promoting exemplary behavior among New Zealand companies to increase the amount of goods they sell overseas.,"E whakatairanga ana te tari kāwanatanga a Design Industry Taskforce i ngā whanonga mō te tauira i te taha o ngā kamupene o Aotearoa hei aha, hei whakapiki ake i te rahi o ngā rawa ka hokona ki tai."
The computer and internet industry is experiencing global movements.,"Ko te ahumahi rorohiko, ipurangi hoki kei te rongo i ngā nekeneke o te ao."
The far side should be close,Ko te pae tawhiti kia tata
New Zealand is at the top for the yacht model.,Kei runga noa atu a Aotearoa mō te tauira pere rua (yacht).
"America is home to Bruce Farr, master of the double shot model.","Ko Amerika te kāinga o Bruce Farr, tohunga ki te tauira pere rua."
He was born in Auckland.,I whānau mai ia ki Tāmaki-makau-rau.
He has won many competitions around the world.,He maha ngā whakataetae puta i te ao kua riro i ngā pere rua nāna i tauira.
"Since 1981, Farr biplanes have been raced in world championships.","Atu i te tau 1981, kua reihi ngā pere rua o Farr ki ngā whakataetae taiāwhio te ao."
"Those cars won in 1981, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.","Ka wikitōria aua waka i ngā tau 1981, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998."
Fashion trends,Ngā ia o ngā hoahoa (fashion)
"In the past, New Zealand was very ignorant of international design trends.","I ngā rā ki mua, tino kūare a Aotearoa ki ngā nekeneke o te ao hoahoa ki tāwāhi."
"Due to New Zealand's distance from the design centers of the world, at that time, new designs were a year late.","Nā te tawhiti o Aotearoa i ngā pokapū hoahoa o te ao, tērā te wā, kotahi tau te tōmuri o te taunga o ngā hoahoa hōu."
"Because of the climate and the amount of outdoor activities, more attention is paid to how well the clothes fit than how they look.","Nā te āhuarangi me te nui o ngā mahi ki waho, ka nui atu te aro ki te pai o te kuhu o te kākahu, tērā i te pai o te āhua."
"Due to the lifestyle of the people of New Zealand, as well as the amount of outdoor sports, the clothes are adapted to those conditions; for example, the blouse / block style, the Swanndri and heeled shoes (jandals).","Nā te noho tonu o te iwi o Aotearoa, tāpae atu ki te nui o ngā hākinakina ki waho, ka hāngai ngā kākahu ki ērā āhuatanga; hei tauira, ko te momo koti / poraka, te Swanndri me ngā hū rekereke (jandals)."
There were also very rare clothes - 'short pants' and 'long socks';,I hua anō hoki ngā mau kākahu heahea rawa atu – te mau ‘tarau poto’ me ngā ‘tōkena roa’ ; nui te kitea o ēnei kākahu i ngā tari mahi i te tekau tau o 1950 ahu atu ki te tekau tau o 1980.
Who will follow and who will lead,"Ko wai ka whai, ko wai ka ārahi"
"Since then, some have looked for foreign designs.","Mai anō, ka rapuhia e ētahi ngā hoahoa o tāwāhi."
"In the 1960s and 1970s, the annual Benson & Hedges design awards started the promotion of fashion design in New Zealand.","I ngā tekau tau o 1960, o 1970, nā ngā tohu hoahoa ā-tau a Benson & Hedges i tīmata te whakatairangatanga o ngā mahi hoahoa kākahu ki Aotearoa."
"Except, the world of design continues to expand into the realm of life.","Hāunga, ka toro whakawaho tonu te ao hoahoa ki rāwāhi mō ngā oranga."
"Eventually, the world changed.","Nāwai ā, ka huri te ao."
"London Fashion Week was held in 1999; four New Zealand designers were recognized for their outstanding work - World, Nom D, Zambesi and Karen Walker.","Ka tū te wiki mō ngā hoahoa ki Rānana (London Fashion Week) i te tau 1999; tokowhā ngā kaihoahoa o Aotearoa i whakanuia mō te rawe rawa atu o ā rātou mahi - a World, a Nom D, a Zambesi, a Karen Walker."
"They call their work 'even though it's dark, it's sharp'.","Kīia ai ā rātou mahi ‘ahakoa pōuri, koi ana’."
Industrial design,Ahumahi hoahoa
New Zealand's design industry is also benefiting from the global economy.,Kei te whai hua anō te ahumahi hoahoa o Aotearoa i te ōhanga o te ao whānui.
The growth of design classes in high schools has increased.,Kua makuru te tipu o ngā akomanga hoahoa ki ngā kuratini.
"Auckland, Wellington and Edinburgh will be the center of the design industry in New Zealand.","Ka tū a Tāmaki-makau-rau, a Te Whanganui-a-Tara, a Ōtepoti hei pokapū mō te ahumahi hoahoa ki Aotearoa."
It turns out that cities have 'niches' for design and the arts.,Kitea ai kei ngā tāone nui ngā ‘kōhanga’ mō te hoahoa me ngā toi.
New Zealand Fashion Week was started in 2000 to showcase designers and their work.,I tīmataria te wiki o te ao hoahoa o Aotearoa (New Zealand Fashion Week) i te tau 2000 hei whakaatu i nga kaihoahoa me ā rātou mahi.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Architecture,Hoahoanga (architecture)
Influences,Ngā awe
Foreign architecture plays an important role in New Zealand architecture.,He nui te wāhi o ngā hoahoanga o tāwāhi ki ngā hoahoanga o Aotearoa.
"When they arrived in New Zealand in the middle of the 19th century, the Europeans wanted the types of building left behind in Britain.","I tā rātou taenga ki Aotearoa i te pokapū o te rau tau e 1800, ka hiahia ngā Pākehā ki ngā momo hanga whare i mahue atu ki Peretānia."
"In fact, European and American styles of architecture are followed.","Nāwai ā, ka whāia ngā momo hoahoanga o Ūropi, o Amerika."
"Get some good examples of architecture from abroad; the Gothic style of the 1840s-60s, which can be clearly seen in the works of Benjamin Mountfort and Frederick Thatcher from England; the style of the 1930s, which focuses on the beauty of the house or what is being built;","Kia tīkina ētahi tauira pai o ngā momo hoahoanga mai tāwāhi; te momo o te Gothic o ngā tekau tau 1840-60, e kitea māramatia ai i ngā mahi a Benjamin Mountfort rāua ko Frederick Thatcher mai Ingarangi; te momo o te tekau tau atu i 1930, e arotahi ana ki te ātaahua o te whare, aha rānei kei te hangaia; nā ngā tohunga hoahoanga mai i Ūropi pēnei i a Ernst Plischke ēnei mahi."
"However, from the beginning, foreign architecture gradually changed to match the nature of this country.","Heoi, mai anō i te tīmatanga, ka huri haere ngā hoahoanga o tāwāhi kia rite ki te taiao o tēnei whenua te āhua."
"For example, due to the density of the forest, a large amount of lumber is produced.","Hei tauira, nā te mātotoru o te ngahere, ka nui te mahia o te papa rākau."
"Architects became more familiar with the climate, the sunlight, and even the way of life of the people of New Zealand.","Ka matatau haere ngā tāngata hoahoanga ki te āhuarangi, te whiti o te rā, tae rawa ki te āhua o te noho o te iwi o Aotearoa."
New Zealand's original structures - such as the Māori house - have had a great influence on the thinking of architects.,He awe nui ngā hanga tūturu o Aotearoa – pēnei i te whare Māori – ki runga i ngā tokona whakaaro o ngā tāngata hoahoanga.
The Māori house,Te whare Māori
"To protect against the cold, the Māori built their house in a square; let the door be a little lower; let the roof be long enough to lay a porch; those in the middle; the sleeping areas on the walls of the house.","Hei ārai i te makariri, ka hangaa e te Māori tōna whare kia tapawhā; kia pakupaku iho te tatau; kia roa te tuanui e takoto ai he mahau; ko ngā takuahi ki waenganui; ko ngā wāhi moe ki ngā pakitara o te whare."
Today's wharenui are still built in this way.,He pēnei tonu te hanga o ngā wharenui o ēnei rā.
The model of the Māori house can be seen in other types of houses that have been built.,Ka kitea te tauira o te whare Māori ki ētahi atu momo whare kua hangaia.
The error,Te hēte
The houses of the early Europeans had to be strong; their sheep shearing shirts and milking cows.,"Me pakari te tū o ngā whare o ngā Pākehā tōmua ka tika; ō rātou hēte kuti hipi, miraka kau hoki."
Their houses are made of natural materials.,Ka mahia ō rātou whare ki ngā papanga o te taiao.
This shape gives rise to the bach / crib type of house.,Nā tēnei āhua ka puta ko te momo whare bach / crib rānei.
"The materials used to build these types of houses are not expensive - fibrolite, corrugated iron, recycled wooden boards.","Kāore noa iho e nui te utu mō ngā papanga hei hanga i ēnei momo whare – he fibrolite, he haeana kōwakawaka, he papa rākau hangarua noa iho."
Preservation of old buildings,Te tiaki i ngā whare tawhito
In 1954 the Pouhere Taonga (New Zealand Historic Places Trust) was established to protect important places including old buildings.,I te tau 1954 ka whakatūria te Pouhere Taonga (New Zealand Historic Places Trust) hei tiaki i ngā wāhi nui tae atu ki ngā whare tawhito.
"(In 2014, it was renamed Heritage New Zealand.) Despite his efforts, it wasn't until the end of the 20th century that the importance of those buildings, those important areas, was widely seen.","(I te tau 2014, tapaina anōtia ko Heritage New Zealand.) Ahakoa tana kaha, kia tae rā anō ki te paunga o te rau tau 1900, kātahi anō ka kitea whānuitia te wāhi nui o aua whare, aua wāhi nui."
"Many old buildings were demolished in the 1980s, when the construction trade was booming; old buildings are demolished to make way for new buildings.","Nui ngā whare tawhito i turakina i te tekau tau atu i 1980, i te wā e tino kaha ana ngā tauhokohoko hanga whare; ka turakina ngā whare tawhito kia pai te whakatū whare hōu."
"Despite its meaning, the Resource Management Act 1991 protects old buildings from the dangers of a changing world, but there is still no real protection for them.","Ahakoa tōna tikanga, mā te Ture Whakahaere Rawa (Resource Management Act) 1991 ngā whare tawhito e tiaki i ngā tutetute o te ao hurihuri, kāore tonu he whakamarumaru tūturu mō rātou."
"However, we are hearing a trend of changing ideas: for example, the Ahuriri art festival is taking over the tourism sector.","Heoi, kei te rongo i te ia o ngā whakaaro e huri ana: hei tauira, kei te muia te hui toi o Ahuriri i te wae tāpoi."
Teaching architecture,Te whakaako hoahoanga
Architecture is booming in New Zealand.,Kei te kaha te hoahoanga ki Aotearoa.
Some public buildings recently established are the Academy of Performing Arts at Waikato University (by Warren & Mahoney);,"Ko ētahi whare tūmatanui nō ngā rā tata nei ka whakatūhia ko te Academy of Performing Arts i te whare wānanga o Waikato (nā Warren & Mahoney); te taunga waka rererangi o Te Whanganui-a-Tara (nā Craig Moller), te taiwhanga toi o Adams i te whare wānanga o Wikitōria i Te Whanganui-a-Tara (nā Ian Athfield); te taiwhanga pāngarau, tatauranga, pūtaiao rorohiko ki te whare wānanga o Waitaha (nā Architectus)."
"Wellington airport (by Craig Moller), Adams art gallery at Victoria University in Wellington (by Ian Athfield); the mathematics, statistics and computer science laboratory at the University of Canterbury (by Architectus).","Kei te whakaakongia te hoahoanga ki ngā whare wānanga o Wikitōria, o Tāmaki, o Wairaka (Unitec)."
"Architecture is taught at universities in Victoria, Auckland and Wairaka (Unitec).",Ko te Rōpū Hoahoanga o Aotearoa (New Zealand Institute of Architects) te rōpū ngaio ā-motu.
The New Zealand Institute of Architects is the national professional body.,Ko tā rātou mahi he hāpai i te ngaiotanga i roto i ngā mahi hoahoanga mā te whakawhiwhi tohu ia tau.
Their mission is to promote professionalism in architecture by awarding awards each year.,Kei ngā maheni pērā i te Architecture New Zealand ka kitea ngā ariā mō te hoahoanga.
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Film and media,Te kiriata me te pāpāho
Film,Kiriata
"Some of the most enjoyable activities for the population of New Zealand are watching television, video tapes or video discs.","Ko ētahi mahi pārekareka rawa atu ki te taupori o Aotearoa ko te mātaki pouaka whakaata, rīpene whakaata, kōpae whakaata rānei."
"According to a study in 2002, 40% of the population will follow these programs in four weeks.","E ai ki tētahi rangahau i te tau 2002, e 40 % o te taupori ka whai i ēnei kaupapa i roto i te whā wiki."
"There are more New Zealand films these days, and more people abroad watch New Zealand films.","He nui ake ngā kiriata o Aotearoa i ēnei rā, ka nui hoki te iwi ki tāwāhi ka mātaki i ngā kiriata o Aotearoa."
Amazing work,Mahi nui whakaharahara
"In 2004, the third installment of The Lord of the Rings won most of the Oscars honors.","I te tau 2004, ka riro te nuinga o ngā hōnore o ngā tohu Oscars ki te tuatoru o ngā whakaaturanga o The lord of the rings."
"This is not the first film to receive 11 awards, or to receive all of the awards it entered, but The return of the king is the first film to receive both of these honors.","Ehara tēnei i te kiriata tuatahi ka whiwhia ki ngā tohu e 11, ka whiwhia rānei ki te katoa o ngā tohu i kuhu ia, engari ko The return of the king te kiriata tuatahi ka whiwhi tahi i ngā hōnore e rua nei."
"According to Guinness, it is the fastest film to gross over $US 1 billion in ticket sales.","E ai ki a Guinness, koinei te kiriata tere ake kia kohi i te e $US 1 piriona i ngā tīkiti hoko."
"After all, The fellowship of the ring is the largest latex film ever made (over 1,600 feet).","Whāia, ko The fellowship of the ring te kiriata nui rawa te rīpene latex i mahia e tētahi kiriata (neke atu i te e 1,600 putu)."
The film industry,Te ahumahi kiriata
"With the introduction of talking movies in the 1920s, New Zealand's film industry began.","Nō te whakakuhuna o ngā kiriata whai oro (speaking movies) i te tekau tau atu i 1920, ka tīmata te ahumahi kiriata o Aotearoa."
In 1941 the National Film Unit was set up to create an independent film.,I te tau 1941 ka whakatūria te National Film Unit hei hanga motuhenga.
"Apart from that, very few feature films were made before the 1970s.","Hāunga tērā, tokoiti noa ngā kiriata roa i hangaia i mua i te tekau tau atu i 1970."
"In 1978 the government established the New Zealand Film Commission, to distribute grants to film producers.","I te tau 1978 ka whakatūhia e te kāwanatanga te Tūmū Whakaata Taonga (New Zealand Film Commission), hei tohatoha i ngā tahua āwhina ki ngā kaihanga kiriata."
". In the 1980s, more films were made.","Atu i te tekau tau o 1980, ka maha ake ngā kiriata i hangaia."
A world view,He tirohanga ki te ao
"In 1993, the world celebrated a New Zealand film, The Piano, which received an Oscar in Hollywood, the Palme d'Or at the unique film festival in Cannes; directed by Jane Campion.","Nō te tau 1993 ka whakanuia e te ao tētahi kiriata nō Aotearoa, arā, The Piano, ka whiwhia ki te Oscar ki Hollywood, te Palme d’Or i te hui ahurei kiriata ki Cannes; ko Jane Campion tōna kaiwhakahaere."
Now Whale rider and The lord of the rings are rising to the world level.,Ināianei ko Whale rider rāua ko The lord of the rings e kake ana ki ngā taumata o te ao.
"There are rumors about film directors Lee Tamahori and Peter Jackson, as well as actors such as Sam Neill and Kerry Fox.","E hau ana te rongo mō ngā kaiwhakahaere kiriata a Lee Tamahori rātou ko Peter Jackson mā, tae atu ki ngā kaiwhakaari pērā i a Sam Neill, a Kerry Fox mā."
The real thing,Te mea tūturu
One of the reasons why Whale Rider was well received was its perspective on the Māori world.,"Ko tētahi take i manakohia a Whale rider, ko tana titiro ki te ao Māori."
"Whale rider tells the story of Paikea, the great ancestor of Ngāti Porou, who came to New Zealand on a whale.","E kōrero ana a Whale rider mō Paikea, te tipuna nui o Ngāti Porou, i tae mai ki Aotearoa mā runga tohorā."
Whale rider was made in Whāngārā on the East Coast.,I mahia a Whale rider i Whāngārā i Te Tai Rāwhiti.
Many of the extras are descendants of Paikea.,He uri whakaheke nō Paikea te tokomaha o ngā tāngata tāpiri (extras).
"Hosting, movie promotion","Te manaaki, te whakatairanga kiriata"
Film groups and film festivals present a wide variety of art and genres.,"Ko ngā rōpū kiriata me ngā taiopenga kiriata e whakaatu ana i ngā tūmomo mahi toi, motuhenga hoki."
The New Zealand Film Archive and Archives New Zealand collect and preserve New Zealand's ancient heritage.,"Ko Ngā Kaitiaki o ngā Taonga Whitiāhua (New Zealand Film Archive) me te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga (Archives New Zealand) e kohikohi ana, e tiaki ana i ngā waihotanga tawhito o Aotearoa."
Development of radio and television,Te whanaketanga o te reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata
The media is the best medium for communication and cultural innovation among the general public.,Ko te pāpāho te ara pai rawa mō te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me te auaha ahurea i waenganui i te iwi whānui.
"Radio came to New Zealand in 1922; in the 1960s, television began.",I te tau 1922 ka tae te reo irirangi ki Aotearoa; nō te tau 1960 ka tīmata te pouaka whakaata.
In the 1970s televisions were installed and color televisions were installed.,"I te tekau tau o 1970 ka tūtū ngā pouaka whakaata, ka kuhuna ngā pouaka whakaata whai tae."
"At that time, New Zealand programs and soap operas were increasingly shown; say, early programs of the Shortland Street variety.","I tērā wā, ka nui haere te whakaaturia o ngā kaupapa o Aotearoa me ngā momo soap opera; me kī, ngā hōtaka tōmua o te momo o Shortland Street."
There will be more variations and options,Ka nui atu ngā rerekētanga me ngā kōwhiringa
"When government regulations were lifted in the 1980s, television and radio stations became more and more popular, including pay TV.","Nō te whakakorenga o ngā ture ārahi a te kāwanatanga i te tekau tau atu i 1980, ka nui ake ngā teihana pouaka whakaata me ngā reo irirangi, tae rawa ki ngā pouaka whakaata whaiutu."
"In 2004, there were three major free-to-air television stations in New Zealand, some paid stations; more than 200 radio stations.","I te tau 2004, e toru ngā teihana pouaka whakaata nui, kore utu i Aotearoa, ētahi teihana whaiutu; neke atu i te e 200 ngā reo irirangi."
"There are two non-commercial radio systems, National Radio and Concert FM.","E rua ngā pūnaha reo irirangi kāore e arumoni, ko National Radio rāua ko Concert FM."
Services for the community,Ngā ratonga mā te hapori
"National Radio's main goal is to broadcast the work of New Zealanders on radio, television, and pay TV.","Ko te whāinga matua o Irirangi ā-Motu, kia pāpāho i ngā mahi a ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ki ngā reo irirangi, ngā pouaka whakaata, tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakaata whaiutu."
That is why Reo Tataki o Aotearoa (TVNZ) will be a Crown company under its own charter.,Koinā tonu te take ka tū te Reo Tātaki o Aotearoa (TVNZ) hei kamupene a te Karauna i raro i tōna ake tūtohinga.
Another goal is to broadcast kaupapa Māori.,"Ko tētahi atu whāinga, ko te pāho i ngā kaupapa Māori."
"In particular, there are 21 Māori radio stations, one national news service in the Māori language, and one Māori television station.","Otirā, e 21 ngā reo irirangi Māori, kotahi te ratonga pūrongo ā-motu i roto i te reo Māori, kotahi te teihana pouaka whakaata Māori."
"People in the Pacific and elsewhere have started their own radio stations, and their programs will be part of the nation's public radio stations.","Kua tīmatahia e ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, o ētahi atu wāhi, ā rātou ake reo irirangi, ka whai wāhi hoki ā rātou kaupapa ki ngā reo irirangi tūmatanui o te motu."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Writing and publishing books,Te tuhi me te whakaputa pukapuka
Writing and publishing books,Te tuhi me te whakaputa pukapuka
"Māori and their people play an important role in the life of New Zealand; then the growth will be great, and the writings will be great.","He wāhi nui tō te Māori rāua ko te tangata whai ki te koiora o Aotearoa; whai anō ka nui te tipu, ka nui te pai o ngā tuhituhinga."
"Many of them emerged from different backgrounds as writers for New Zealand, such as Bill Manhire, Patricia Grace, Albert Wendt, Maurice Gee, Margaret Mahy.","Tokomaha rātou i puea ake i ngā tipuranga rerekē hei kaituhi mō Aotearoa, pērā i a Bill Manhire, Patricia Grace, Albert Wendt, Maurice Gee, Margaret Mahy."
The word about them is in the air abroad.,Kei te hau te rongo mō rātou ki tāwāhi.
Māori literature and publications,"Ngā tuhinga, ngā whakaputa pukapuka a te Māori"
"The Māori people are eager to use the pen to express their thoughts, both in the Māori language and in the English language.","Hīkaka te iwi Māori ki te nanao ki te pene hei putanga whakaaro, ki te reo Māori, ki te reo Pākehā hoki."
A collection of Maori songs and stories.,Kohikohia ai ngā waiata me ngā kōrero a te Maori.
"In the 1920s, Tā Āpirana Ngata published Ngā moteatea.",Nō te tekau tau atu i 1920 ka tāngia e Tā Āpirana Ngata a Ngā mōteatea.
"In the 1960s and 1970s, the creative spirit was seen in the writings in English by Māori such as Hone Tūwhare and Witi Ihimaera.","I ngā tekau tau o 1960, o 1970, ka kitea te wairua auaha i ngā tuhinga i te reo Pākehā a ngā Māori pērā i a Hone Tūwhare, i a Witi Ihimaera mā."
Followers,Ngā tāngata whai
"In the 19th century, Europeans wrote better if they were honest; but this situation can be seen in the diaries and reports of that time.","I te rau tau 1800, he pai ake ngā tuhinga a ngā Pākehā mēnā e kōrero pono ana rātou; inarā ka kitea tēnei āhuatanga i ngā rātaka me ngā pūrongo o tērā wā."
"It took a long time for some European writers to develop with their poems and fantastic stories, such as Jane Mander, Ursula Bethell, Frank Sargeson, Allen Curnow, James K.","He roa te wā kātahi ka whanake ake ētahi kaituhi Pākehā me ā rātou whiti, pakiwaitara rawe, pērā i a Jane Mander, Ursula Bethell, Frank Sargeson, Allen Curnow, James K."
Baxter.,Baxter.
In the 1930's there was a kind of vision among New Zealand writers about the types of writing in this country;,"I te tekau tau atu i 1930 ka puta tētahi momo tirohanga i waenganui i ngā kaituhi o Aotearoa mō ngā momo tuhituhi o tēnei whenua; ka mau haere tēnei tirohanga i roto i ngā tau, ka pā tōna awe ki te rahi o ngā kaituhi."
This view took hold over the years and influenced many writers.,"Mai i taua wā, kua pakari ētahi kaituhi me ā rātou mahi ki te ao, pērā i a Elizabeth Knox."
Authors' names,Ngā taituarā o ngā kaituhi
"The New Zealand Society of Authors (PEN NZ) actively advocates for paid New Zealand authors in negotiations with publishing companies, radio stations and theatres.","Whakapau kaha ai te New Zealand Society of Authors (PEN NZ) mō ngā kaituhi whaiutu o Aotearoa i roto i ngā whitiwhitinga me ngā kamupene whakaputa tuhinga, ngā teihana pāho, ngā whare whakaari."
"In addition, they choose copyright, distribution, etc.","I tua atu, ka whiriwhiria e rātou te manatārua, ngā tiringa, aha atu."
"The New Zealand Writers Guild represents freelance writers in negotiations for television, radio, studio shows, videotapes, media discs, etc.","Ko te Rōpū Kaituhi o Aotearoa (New Zealand Writers Guild) te kanohi mō ngā kaituhi whaiutu i ngā whiriwhiringa mō te pouaka whakaata, reo irirangi, taiwhanga whakaatu, rīpene whakaata, kōpae pāpāho, aha atu."
"Currently, there are more than 50 awards, prizes, and competitions for writers, and there are more writing classes at universities and schools.","I tēnei wā, neke atu i te e 50 ngā tohu, takuhe, whakataetae hoki mā ngā kaituhi, ā, kei te tokomaha ake ngā akomanga tuhituhi i ngā whare wānanga, i ngā kura tini."
"Many magazines have risen and fallen since the first issue of Landfall in 1947, such as Sport and New Zealand Books.","He maha ngā maheni kua tū, kua hinga hoki mai i te putanga tuatahitanga o Landfall i te tau 1947, pērā i a Sport me New Zealand Books."
Book sales,Tauhokohoko pukapuka
There are very few booksellers in New Zealand.,Iti noa ngā tauhokohoko pukapuka i Aotearoa.
"However, despite being small the competition is fierce.","Heoi, ahakoa iti kei te kaha te whakataetae."
The Book Publishers Association of New Zealand (Book Publishers Association of New Zealand) is responsible for their projects.,Ko Ngā Kaiwhakaputa Pukapuka o Aotearoa (Book Publishers Association of New Zealand) e waha nei i ā rātou kaupapa.
Some New Zealand companies such as Whitcombe & Tombs have been bought by major international companies.,Kua hokona ētahi o ngā kamupene o Aotearoa pēnei i a Whitcombe & Tombs e ngā kamupene nui o te ao.
Booksellers New Zealand promotes the export of New Zealand books and is the organizer of a number of literary awards.,"Ko Booksellers New Zealand kei te whakatenatena i te hokonga o ngā pukapuka o Aotearoa ki tāwāhi, koia hoki te kaiwhakahaere o ētahi whakawhiwhinga tohu mō te tuhituhi."
The biggest event of the year is the Montana New Zealand Book Awards.,Ko te hui nui rawa atu i te tau ko ngā tohu a Montana mō ngā pukapuka o Aotearoa (Montana New Zealand Book Awards).
Discussions about reading,Ngā kōrerorero mō te pānui
There are many reading groups in New Zealand.,He nui ngā rōpū pānui pukapuka i Aotearoa.
"Usually, there are 7 to 12 people in each group.","I te nuinga o te wā, e 7 ki te e 12 tāngata kei ia rōpū."
"They meet every month to drink together, eat together, and talk about a book that has just been published.","Ka hui rātou ia marama ki te inu tahi, ki te kai tahi, ki te kōrerorero mō tētahi pukapuka kātahi anō ka puta."
"In 1973, the discussion scheme was established by the education branches of the Federation of Workers Educational Associations.",I te tau 1973 ka whakatūria te kaupapa whitiwhiti kōrero (discussion scheme) e ngā rāngai mātauranga o te Huinga Kaimahi (Federation of Workers Educational Associations).
"More than 640 groups from across the country are connected, and what's more, 56% of its members are from outside the big cities.","Neke atu i te e 640 ngā rōpū puta i te motu kei te hono atu, me te aha, e 56% o ana mema nō waho kē i ngā tāone nui."
Readers,Te hunga pānui
New Zealanders love to read.,Ka ngākau nui te iwi o Aotearoa ki te pānui tuhituhi.
"According to a 2002 study, 44% of adults bought a book in the past four weeks, and 39% of them had been to a library.","E ai ki tētahi rangahau o te tau 2002, e 44% o te hunga pakeke i hoko pukapuka i roto i te whā wiki kua taha, e 39% o rātou kua tae ki tētahi whare pukapuka."
"There are also support groups such as the New Zealand Book Council, festivals such as the Listener Women's Book Festival, New Zealand Post's week for New Zealand readers and writers.","Kei reira anō ngā rōpū tautoko pērā i te Kaunihera Pukapuka o Aotearoa (New Zealand Book Council), ngā taiopenga pērā i te taiopenga pukapuka o Listener (Listener Women’s Book Festival), te wiki a New Zealand Post mō ngā kaipānui, kaituhituhi o New Zealand Post (New Zealand Post Readers and Writers Week)."
"Since the missionary's arrival in New Zealand in 1814, the Māori have joined the churches.","Mai i te taunga mai o te mihinare ki Aotearoa i te tau 1814, ka mene te Māori ki ngā hāhi."
Since the middle of the 20th century there has been a push for Māori to take part in new religions.,Mai i te pokapū o te rautau 1900 kua taukumekume i te āhua kia whai wāhi ake te Māori ki roto ki ngā whakapono hōu.
A brief summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Anglican Church,Hāhi Mihinare
The Anglican Church was the first faith to send its missionaries to New Zealand in 1814.,Ko te Hāhi Mihinare te whakapono tuatahi kia tuku i ōna mihinare ki Aotearoa i te tau 1814.
Its Māori name refers to this.,Inā e tohu ana tōna ingoa Māori ki tēnei.
The missionaries wanted to convert the Māori so that they could preach the gospel to the people.,Ko tā ngā mihinare he whakatahuri i ngā Māori mā rātou anō e kauhau i te rongopai ki te iwi.
The first Māori priest was Rota Waitoa who was ordained in 1860.,Ko te pirihi Māori tuatahi ko Rota Waitoa i whakawāhia i te tau 1860.
"At the end of the 19th century after the land wars, Māori influence in the Anglican Church (also in New Zealand) was diluted.","Taka rawa ki te pito o te rautau 1800 i muri i ngā pakanga whenua, ka waimeha te awe Māori ki roto ki te Hāhi Mihinare (ki Aotearoa nei hoki)."
"However, in 1928 the new Māori generation and the new Māori bishop of the Anglican Church grew.","Heoi anō, tau iho ki te tau 1928 ka tipu te reanga Māori hōu, me te pīhopa Māori hōu o te Hāhi Mihinare."
"After the Second World War, Māori people moved to the cities.",Whai muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ko te hūnukutanga o Ngāi Māori ki ngā taone noho ai.
"That was the establishment of the Anglican Church, and other churches, in some programs to help the people living in the city.","Ko te whakatūnga tērā o te Hāhi Mihinare, me ētahi atu hāhi, i ētahi hōtaka āwhina i te hunga noho taone."
"Since 1992, the Anglican Church has had three ethnic divisions - for the European people, the Māori people and the Pacific people.","Mai i te tau 1992, e toru ngā kaupeka ā-iwi o te Hāhi Mihinare – mō te iwi Pākehā, te iwi Māori me ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
All priests of the church are trained in te reo Māori.,Ka whakangungua katoatia ngā pirihi o te hāhi ki te reo Māori.
Methodist Church,Hāhi Metoriti
Methodist missionaries arrived in New Zealand in 1822.,Nō te tau 1822 ka tau mai ngā mihinare Metoriti ki Aotearoa.
"Māori ministers were paid less than their European counterparts, but they played an important role in the growth of this faith.","He paku iho ngā utu a ngā minita Māori i o rātou hoa Pākehā, heoi i whai wāhi nui rātou ki te tipunga o te whakapono nei."
"In 1970, Rua Rakena published his book asking for a change in the way the church treated its Māori servants, and finally for the Methodist Church to become secular.","I te tau 1970 ka whakaputaina e Rua Rakena tōna pukapuka e tono ana kia rerekē mai te āhua o te hāhi ki ōna pononga Māori, ka mutu kia ao rua te Hāhi Metoriti."
Catholic Church,Hāhi Katorika
In 1838 the first Catholic missionaries arrived in New Zealand.,I te tau 1838 ka tau mai ngā mihinare Katorika tuatahi ki Aotearoa.
"Father they ordered to the North, to Waikato.","Mātua ka whakahau rātou ki te Tai Tokerau, ki Waikato."
"For many years after the land wars missionary activities among the Māori were suspended, but the Māori Catholic communities remained loyal to the church.","He maha ngā tau whai muri i ngā pakanga whenua ka whakatahangia ngā mahi mihinare ki waenganui i te Māori, engari ka piripono ngā hapori Katorika Māori ki te hāhi."
"In the 1940s William Te Āwhitu was ordained as the first Māori priest for the Catholics, and Easter celebrations began.","I te tekau tau 1940 ka whakawāhia a Wiremu Te Āwhitu hei pirihi Māori tuatahi mō ngā Katorika, ā, ka tīmata hoki ngā Hui Aranga."
In the 1980's the leaders of the Catholic Church reconciled the two peoples and established the Council of the Catholic Church in New Zealand.,"I te tekau tau 1980 ka tauawhitia e ngā rangatira o te Hāhi Katorika te iwi ruatanga, ā, ka whakatūhia Te Rūnanga o Te Hāhi Katorika ki Aotearoa."
In 1988 Max Takuira Māriu became the first Māori bishop.,I te tau 1988 ka tū ko Max Takuira Māriu hei pīhopa Māori tuatahi.
Presbyterian Church,Hāhi Perehipitiriana
"In its beginning, the Presbyterian Church was for the European settlers, and later their activities spread to the Māori people.","I tōna tīmatanga, mō ngā kainoho Pākehā te Hāhi Perehipitiriana, ā, taihoa ake ka hōrapa ā rātou mahi ki te iwi Māori."
The first Presbyterian minister was Timu Teoke in 1931.,Ko te minita Perehipitiriana tuatahi ko Timu Teoke i te tau 1931.
In 1945 more Māori leaders were called to the church.,I te tau 1945 ka karangatia kia nui ake ngā kaiārahi Māori o te hāhi.
In 1947 the church yard was established in Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi as a center for the Māori of the church.,Nō te tau 1947 ka tū te marae o te hāhi ki roto o Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi hei pokapū mō ngā Māori o te hāhi.
In 1953 Te Wānanga a Rangi was established to train Māori spiritually in the church.,Nō te tau 1953 ka whakatūhia ko Te Wānanga a Rangi hei whakangungu i te taha wairua o te Māori ki te hāhi.
Mormon Church,Hāhi Mōmona
In 1881 the Mormons sent their missionaries from America to New Zealand.,Nō te tau 1881 ka tonoa e ngā Momona o rātou mihinare mai i Amerika ki Aotearoa nei.
"He had many Māori slaves, even in the North and East.","He maha ōna pononga Māori, tae rawa ake ki te Tai Tokerau me te Tai Rāwhiti."
"In the early years of the 2000s, more than half of the servants of the Mormon Church were Māori.","I ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 2000, neke atu i te haurua o ngā pononga o te Hāhi Momona he Māori."
The Salvation Army,Te Ope Whakaora
"When The Salvation Army first arrived in New Zealand, their work was also concentrated in the towns.","I te taenga tuatahi mai o Te Ope Whakaora ki Aotearoa, ka pū anō ā rātou mahi ki ngā taone."
"In 1888 exploration began in the Whanganui River, and in the middle of the 20th century the church conducted a mission to the East Coast.","Nō te tau 1888 ka tīmata te torotoro ki roto o te awa o Whanganui, ā, taka mai ki te pokapū o te rautau 1900 ka whakahaere te hāhi nei i tētahi mīhana ki te Tai Rāwhiti."
"Since the year 2000, the church has been more involved with the Māori people.",Mai anō i te tau 2000 kua whai kaha ake ngā mahi a te hāhi ki te iwi Māori.
Regards,Ringatū
The Ringatū Church was founded by the Māori prophet Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Türuki.,I waihangatia te Hāhi Ringatū e te poropiti Māori e Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Tūruki.
The church became legal in 1875.,Ka mana ā-ture te hāhi i te tau 1875.
The Rattan Church,Te Hāhi Rātana
The Rātana Church was founded by Tahupōtiki William Rātana in 1925.,I waihangatia Te Hāhi Rātana e Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana i te tau 1925.
"In 2006, the Rātana Church was the largest Māori church in the country, with 50,565 members, or 10 percent of the Māori population.","I te tau 2006, ko te Hāhi Ratana te hāhi Māori nui ake o te motu, ā, e 50,565 ōna mema, arā, 10 ōrau o te taupori Māori."
Pentecostal Churches,Ngā Hāhi Penekōtara
Some churches work hard to cultivate their Māori leaders.,Ka whakapau kaha ētahi hāhi ki te whakatipu i o rātou kaiārahi Māori.
"In the middle of the 1990s, Brian Tāmaki started the Destiny Church, and 75 percent of its members are Māori.","I te pokapū o te tekau tau 1990 ka tīmatahia e Brian Tāmaki te Hāhi Destiny, ā 75 ōrau o ōna mema he Māori."
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
The Anglican Church,Te Hāhi Mihinare
Bringing the Gospel,Te kawe i te Rongopai
The Anglican Church was born in 1814 when Ruatara brought Samuel Marsden and the Anglican Church to Oihi in Pāwhairangi.,Ka hua te Hāhi Mihinare i te tau 1814 i te tō mai o Ruatara i a Samuel Marsden me te Tira Hāhi Mihinare ki Oihi i Pāwhairangi.
"After that, Māori priests themselves carried the Gospel, such as Piripi Taumata-a-kura of Ngāti Porou and Ihaia Te Ahu of Te Arawa.","Whai muri i tērā, nā ngā tohunga Māori tonu i kawe nui i te Rongopai, pērā i a Piripi Taumata-a-kura o Ngāti Porou me Īhaia Te Ahu o Te Arawa."
By 1853 there were 440 Māori settlers working with 23 European missionaries throughout the island.,No te tau 1853 e 440 te rahi o ngā kaiwhakau Māori e mahi tahi ana me ngā 23 mihinare Pākehā puta noa i te motu.
Creating the Church,Te waihanga i te Hāhi
"It took years before George Augustus Selwyn, the first bishop of New Zealand, agreed to allow Māori as ministers in the church.","Ka roa ngā tau ka whakaae a George Augustus Selwyn, te pihopa tuatahi o Aotearoa kia whakawāhia te Māori hei minita ki roto i te hāhi."
"However, in 1853 Rota Waitoa was appointed as a Māori minister, and in 1860 he was ordained as a minister.","Heoi nō te tau 1853 ka whakatūhia ko Rota Waitoa hei rīkona Māori, ā, nō te tau 1860 ka whakawahia ia hei minita."
"Māori did not participate in the establishment of the church in 1857, i.e. the origin of the dioceses, except for the attempts to share the authority in the Church such as the four synods of Waiapu.","Kāore i whai wāhi te Māori i roto i te whakaturenga hāhi o te tau 1857, arā, te pūtake mai o ngā Pīhopatanga, , hāunga tonu rā ngā whakamātau ki te tiri i te mana whakahaere i roto i te Hāhi pērā ki ngā hīnota e whā o Waiapu."
All lectures are in Māori,He reo Māori katoa ngā kauhau
"After the wars in New Zealand, Māori were relegated to low positions in the Church and in the country as a whole.","Whai muri i ngā pakanga o Aotearoa ka whakatahangia te Māori ki ngā tūranga iti o te Hāhi, o te motu katoa hoki."
This is a difficult time to have a position in the organizations of the general church.,He wā taumaha tēnei ki te whai tūranga ki ngā whakahaere o te hāhi whānui.
"In 1891, a proposal to include praises of the Māori King in the Prayer Book of the Anglican Church was defeated.","I te tau 1891, ka hinga te tono kia whakauruhia ai ngā whakamoemiti ki te Kīngi Māori ki roto i te Puka Inoi o te Hāhi Mihinare."
A new generation,He reanga hōu
At the turn of the century a new generation of leaders emerged who led the Anglican Church in a different direction.,Nō te huringa rautau ka tipu ake he reanga rangatira hōu e ārahi ana i te Hāhi Mihinare ki tētahi atu huarahi.
"Āpirana Ngata was one of the church's teachers during his time in Te Aute, one of the two schools established by the church for young Māori.","Ko Āpirana Ngata tētahi ka āhua mai e te hāhi i tōna wā i Te Aute, tētahi o ngā kura e rua i whakatūhia e te hāhi mō ngā tamatāne Māori."
Ngata also made the first call for a Māori bishop.,Nā Ngata anō te karanga tuatahi mō tētahi Pīhopa Māori.
"Despite opposition from non-religious people, Frederick Augustus Bennett of Te Arawa was elected as New Zealand's first Māori bishop.","Heoi anō ngā whakahē a ngā tauiwi o te hāhi tonu, ka whakawāhia ko Frederick Augustus Bennett o Te Arawa hei pīhopa Māori tuatahi o Aotearoa."
The kaupapa is due to the hard work of the iwi to milk cows with wool.,Nā ngā whakapau kaha a ngā iwi ki te miraka kau whai huruhuru te kaupapa.
Urban development,Ngā whanaketanga tāone
After the Second World War the church was hit hard by the mass migration of Māori to the cities.,Whai muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka pā ngā taero maha ki te hāhi i te hekenga nui o Ngāi Māori ki ngā tāone.
Urban marae such as Tātai Hono Marae ki Tāmaki were created under the influence of King Matutaera Īhaka.,"Ka waihangatia ngā marae tāone pērā i a Tātai Hono Marae ki Tāmaki, i raro i te awe o Kīngi Matutaera Īhaka."
"In the work of the tribal ministers, the attitude remained Māori, and the wisdom was returned to the people.","I ngā mahi a ngā minita-a-iwi ka noho Māori tonu ai te āhua, ā, ka whakahokia te whakaaro nui ki te iwi."
Three-way church,Hāhi tikanga toru
"Due to the efforts of the Māori to have rights in society and the church in general, the new constitution was established in 1992, that is, Te Pouhere.","Nā ngā taukumetanga a te Māori kia whai mana ki roto i te hapori me te hāhi whānui ka whakaūngia te kaupapa ture hōu i te tau 1992, arā, Te Pouhere."
"This is the beginning of the Three Traditions for Europeans, Maori, and Pacific Islanders.","Koinei te tīmatanga o ngā Tikanga e toru mō te hunga Pākehā mai, Māori mai, me ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa."
"Under this system, the Māori will have the power in the church to appoint bishops and take the church as they see fit, including regional cooperation.","Nō raro mai i tēnei tikanga ka riro ki te Māori te mana ki roto i te hāhi kia whakatū Pīhopa me te kawe i te hāhi ki tāna i pai ai, tae atu ki te mahi tahi ā-rohe."
All the ministers of the church learn te reo Māori.,Ka ako ngā minita katoa o te hāhi ki te reo Māori.
"In the 2006 census, 13 percent of the Anglican Church was Māori.","I ngā tatauranga i te tau 2006, 13 ōrau o te Hāhi Mihinare he Māori."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
The Methodist Church,Te Hāhi Metoriti
Methodist missions,Ngā mīhana Metoriti
"In 1822 the Methodist Church was founded in Whangaroa, a district in Muriwhenua.","I te tau 1822 ka poua te Hāhi Metoriti ki Whangaroa, he takiwā ki Muriwhenua."
"It was long in the North, and then the church spread to the west of the North Island.","He roa tonu i te Tai Tokerau, ā, kātahi ka horapa te hāhi i te taihauāuru o Te Ika-a-Māui."
"By 1840, the Methodist Church had reached parishes throughout the island.",Nō te tau 1840 kua tae te hāhi Metoriti ki ngā pākaiahi puta noa i te motu.
"In the early years of the ruamano, this church was always at the tail of the fish that went down into the Taranaki lake.",I ngā tau tōmua o te ruamano e kā tonu ana tēnei hāhi ki te hiku o te ika heke iho ki roto o Taranaki.
After the Colonial period,I muri i te wā Koroniara
God's work was done by Māori and Māori carried it out.,Nā te Māori ngā mahi a te Atua i kawe e te Māori anō.
Although their wages were not the same as those of European workers; they raised the church immediately after the land wars.,Ahakoa kāore i rite ō rātou nā utu ki ō ngā kaimahi Pākehā; nā rātou te hāhi i whakatipu aoake tonu i ngā pakanga whenua.
The memories of the churches during the years of the war ended.,Ka mutu i te mata tonu ngā mahara ki ngā pūrahorua a ngā hāhi i ngā tau o te pakanga.
"It was then that the Māori were included in the European organizations of the Church, and in 1919 the Māori were accepted into the annual meeting for the Methodists.","Nā whai anō ka tāmia te Māori ki roto ki ngā whakahaerenga Pākehā a te Hāhi, ā, nō te tau 1919 rānō ka whakaaetia te Māori ki roto ki te Hui ā-tau mō ngā Metoriti."
"In 1874 and 1910 the laws of the church were changed, but nothing could be done.","I te tau 1874 me te tau 1910 ka panonitia ngā ture o te hāhi, engari tē taea te aha."
The Māori response,Te urupare Māori
"In 1971 Rua Rakena, head of the Māori of the Methodist Church, wrote his book The Māori response to the gospel .","I te tau 1971 ka tuhi a Rua Rakena, ūpoko o ngā Māori o te hāhi Metoriti, i tōna puka a The Māori response to the gospel."
His great concern was the verification of the schism within the Methodist Church.,Inā tōna nui whakaharahara ki te manatokonga o te iwiruatanga i waenga i te Hāhi Metoriti.
"In fact, this was a reaction that brought together Māori ideas about Christianity and encouraged the desire to change the relationship between Māori and Europeans in the church.",Inā rā he urupare tēnei i whakaemia ai ngā whakaaro Māori e pā ai ki te Karaitiana rā kia arearehia ngā hiahia ki te panoni i ngā whanaungatanga o te Māori me te Pākehā i roto i te hāhi.
It wasn't until about ten years later that those trends were implemented.,Nō ngā tekau tau tata i muri ka kitea te whakatinanatanga o ērā huatau.
"In 1983, the church established its biracial committee so that the status of Māori was equal to that of Europeans in a way that was accepted by the church.",I te tau 1983 ko te whakatūnga o te hāhi i tōna komiti iwi rua kia ōrite ai te mana o te Māori ki tō tērā o te Pākehā i runga anō i te huarahi i manakohia e te hāhi.
"By the year 2000, Te Taha Māori o te Hahi was one of the most influential groups in the wider church.",Tatū rawa ki roto o te tau 2000 ko Te Taha Māori o te Hāhi tētahi o ngā rōpū whai mana o roto i te hāhi whānui.
"In 2006, 13.5 percent of the members of the Methodist Church were Māori.",I te tau 2006 e 13.5 ōrau o ngā mema o te hāhi Metoriti he Māori.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
The Catholic Church,Te Hāhi Katorika
Creation,Waihangatanga
"The first Catholic bishop, Jean Baptiste Pompallier, arrived with the Catholic Church in 1838.",I ū mai te pīhopa Katorika tuatahi a Jean Baptiste Pompallier i te taha o te rāngai amorangi Katorika i te tau 1838.
The first mass of the Catholics was held in the kurae of Tōtara in Hokianga.,Ko te miha tuatahi a ngā Katorika i tū ki te kūrae o Tōtara ki Hokianga.
"Similarly to those of the churches, the first Māori slaves were very committed to the churches they had to select.",Waihoki ki ērā o ngā hāhi ka ū rawa ngā pononga Māori tuatahi ki ngā hāhi ka mātua tīpakotia e rātou.
"And in 1839, seven priests joined Bishop (Pompallier) and the church moved from Kororareka to Pēwhairangi.","Ā i te tau 1839 e whitu ngā pirihi ka Marihi ka tūhono ki a Pikopo (Pompallier), ā, ka neke te hāhi ki Kororāreka ki Pēwhairangi."
From there the church spread throughout the North and Waikato.,Mai i konā ka horapa te hāhi ki te Tai Tokerau whānui me Waikato.
Missionaries among the Māori,Ngā mihinare i waenganui i te Māori
"During the New Zealand wars, James McDonald was the only missionary who was thrown by the Catholics to live among the Māori.",Aoake i ngā riri o Niu Tīreni ko James McDonald noa iho te mihinare ka makaia e ngā Katorika kia noho ki te mātotoru o te Māori.
"After 1886, the ministry of St Joseph Society for Foreign Missions, that is Mira Hiwi, was established in the Auckland region.",I muri mai i te tau 1886 ko te minitatanga a St Joseph Society for Foreign Missions arā a Mira Hiwi i tū ai ki te rohe o Ākarana.
"Add Suzanne Aubert's (Hihita Mere Hōhepa) sweat-drops to the North-West, followed by the Whanganui River, which kept the church alive among the Māori.","Tuia atu ko ngā whakaheke werawera a Suzanne Aubert (ko Hihita Mere Hōhepa) ki te Matau-a-Māui, whai muri atu ko te awa o Whanganui, i ora tonu ai te hāhi ki waenga i te Māori."
"Except for the conversion of some to other religions, some communities remained steadfast in that religion.","Haungā te te tahuri o ētahi ki hāhi kē, i pūmau tonu ai ētahi hapori ki taua hāhi."
In 1944 William Te Āwhitu of the Māori Mission of Tau-a-Māui was ordained as a priest for the Catholic Church.,Nō te tau 1944 ka whakatapua a Wiremu Te Āwhitu o te Mīhana Māori o te Matau-a-Māui hei pirihi mō te Hāhi Katorika.
He is the first Māori to receive this honor.,Koia te Māori tuatahi kia whiwhi ki tēnei hōnore.
The church after World War II,Te hāhi i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua
"From the 1940s, the Māori clubs in the towns were supported by the Catholic Church to help Māori who had migrated from home with social and religious needs.","Mai i te tekau tau 1940 ka tautokohia ngā karapu Māori o ngā tāone e te hāhi Katorika ki te awhina i ngā Māori i heke mai i te wā kāinga e pā ana ki ngā hiahia hapori, me ngā hiahia hāhi."
These clubs were organized nationally by the General Council of United Clubs.,I whakaritea ā-motu ēnei karapu e te Kaunihera nui o ngā Karapu Whakakotahi.
"In 1946 the hui was launched, until it was named Hui Aranga.","I te tau 1946 i whakarewangia te hui, nāwai rā ka whakaingoatia te Hui Aranga."
This is a meeting for Māori and religious traditions.,He hui tēnei mō ngā tikanga Māori me ngā tikanga hāhi.
These meetings were opposed by some European Catholics because they had a different purpose to the union of the two peoples.,I whakahēngia ēnei hui e ētahi Katorika Pākehā nā te mea he kaupapa rerekē ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā iwi e rua.
"The marae in the towns, such as Te Ūnga Waka in Epsom, Auckland, became a second home for Catholic Māori who immigrated to the towns.","Ko ngā marae ki ngā tāone, pērā i Te Ūnga Waka i Epsom, Tāmaki Makarau, i noho hei kāinga tuarua mō ngā Māori Katorika i heke mai ki ngā tāone."
Insurance,Iwiruatanga
The Second Vatican Council paved the way for a wider view of different cultures in the Catholic Church which benefited Māori Catholics.,Nā te Kaunihera Watikana Tuarua i para te huarahi kia whānui ake te titiro ki ngā ahurea rerekē i roto i te Hāhi Katorika i whai hua ai ngā Katorika Māori.
"It was not until the 1980s that the idea of ​​mutuality was discussed by church leaders, and the Council of the Catholic Church emerged in New Zealand to guide Māori living in dioceses throughout the country.","Taka rawa ki te tekau tau 1980 kua tauawhitia te kaupapa iwiruatanga e ngā rangatira o te hāhi, ā, pua ake ai ko Te Rūnanga o Te Hāhi Katorika ki Aotearoa hei takitaki i ngā Māori noho pihopatanga puta noa."
"In 1988, Max Takuira Māriu was consecrated as Deputy Bishop of Hamilton, becoming the first Māori Catholic Bishop.","I te tau 1988 ko te whakawahinga o Max Takuira Māriu hei Pīhopa Tuarua mō Kirikiriroa, ka mutu hei Pīhopa Katorika Māori tuatahi."
"In 2006, 14 percent of the Catholic Church was Māori.",I te tau 2006 e 14 ōrau o te Hāhi Katorika he Māori.
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
The Presbyterian Church,Te Hāhi Perehipitiriana
It is a church of followers,He hāhi tāngata whai
"The Presbyterian Church emerged as a church for the followers of Scotland, but the Māori communities were not able to carry it.","I puea ake te hāhi Perehipitiriana hei hāhi mō ngā tāngata whai o Kotirana, engari taro kau iho tōna kawea e ngā hapori Māori."
John MacFarlane was confirmed by the ecclesiastic; it was taught in his own language that was transferred from Karahako.,"Ko te tangata nānā te hāhi i whakaū, a John MacFarlane; he mea ako ki te reo nōna e whakawhiti mai ana i Karahako."
"After his arrival, he ran for the New Zealand Company for not giving up the promised tithes in the Wellington region.",I muri i tōna taenga mai ka rere āna heitara mō te Kamupene Niu Tīreni mō te kore whakataha ōna i ngā whenua whakatekau i oatitia ki te rohe o Te Whanganui-a-Tara.
The church's missions did not spread to Māori until 1895 when James Fletcher visited Ngāti Tūwharetoa in Taupō.,Kīhai i momoho ngā mīhana a te hāhi ki roto o te Māori ā tae noa ki te tau 1895 i te toronga o James Fletcher ki roto o Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki Taupō.
From here it spread to Nūhaka in the north of Te Matau-a-Māui.,Mai i konei ka horapa atu ki Nūhaka ki te raki o Te Matau-a-Māui.
Māori Mission,Mīhana Māori
From the early 1900's most of the Māori missions were organized like Hihita.,Mai i ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900 ka riro te nuinga o ngā mīhana Māori ki te rīkona pērā i a Hihita.
"They and their flock concentrated on establishing schools in small communities such as Ruatāhuna to Maungapōhatu, around Waiōhau, and even to Matahī, Te Waimana and Kawerau.","I aropū rātou me ō rātou kāhui ki te whakatū kura ki ngā hapori iti pērā i Ruatāhuna ki Maungapōhatu, huri noa ki Waiōhau, mawhiti atu ki Matahī, ki Te Waimana me Kawerau."
There is also a lot of welfare work done by women's organizations in Nūhaka as well.,He nui anō ngā mahi toko i te ora a ngā rīkona wāhine ki Nūhaka hoki.
"In addition to women and Hoani in Te Urewera; the ordination in 1931 of Timu Teoke, the first Māori minister of the Presbyterian Church.",I tua atu i ngā rīkona wāhine me Hoani i roto o Te Urewera; ko te whakataputanga i 1931 o Timu Teoke te Māori tuatahi hei minita mō te hāhi Perehipitiriana.
"Hoani joined Rua Kēnana, and the Presbyterians joined Rua's church, that is the Israelites, and the Ringatū, that is the church of the prophet Te Kooti.","Ka hono anō a Hoani ki a Rua Kēnana, i whai hono anō ai te Perehipitiriana ki te hāhi o Rua, arā ngā Iharaira me te Ringatū, arā te hāhi a te poropiti a Te Kooti."
In 1936 Hoani was sent to organize the Māori missions of the church.,I te tau 1936 ka tonoa a Hoani hei kaiwhakarite mō ngā mīhana Māori o te hāhi.
Later in 1956 that branch grew into a synod.,Taihoa ake i te tau 1956 ka tipu ake taua rāngai hei hīnota.
Churches after the war,Ngā hāhi i muri i te pakanga
"In 1945, Hémi Pōtatau (the first Māori director of the Māori synod) called for Māori to have a position in leadership positions in the Presbyterian Church.",I te tau 1945 ka karanga ake a Hēmi Pōtatau (te kaiwhakahaere Māori tuatahi o te hīnota Māori) kia whai tūranga hoki te Māori ki ngā tūnga rangatira o te hāhi Perehipitiriana.
"In 1947, Te Maungarongo was opened in Ōhope in Te Moana-a-Toi, as a marae for the Māori of the church.","Nō te tau 1947 ka whakatuwheratia a Te Maungarongo ki Ōhope kei Te Moana-a-Toi, hei marae hoki mō ngā Māori o te hāhi."
The church also works hard for Māori who live in the city.,Ka whakapau kaha anō te hāhi ki ngā Māori e noho taone ana.
The church built four hostels in Auckland in the 1960s to support young Māori members of the church who were living at home.,E whā ngā whare noho ka waihangatia e te hāhi ki Tāmaki-makaurau i ngā tau 1960 hei taituarā i te rangatahi Māori o te hāhi ka maunu i te wā kāinga.
They are supported in the physical and spiritual world.,Ka tautokohia rātou i roto i te ao kikokiko me te taha wairua.
In 1961 the Māori Synod of the Presbyterian Church published the document A Māori view of the ' Hunn report ' .,Nō te tau 1961 ka whakaputa te hīnota Māori o te Hāhi Perehipitiriana i te tuhinga o A Maori view of the ‘Hunn report’.
"In it, the path being paved by the government for its Māori projects, and the enrichment of Europeans within the church will be calculated.","Kei roto ka tātāhia te huarahi e paraia ana e te kāwanatanga mō ōna kaupapa Māori, me te whakarangatira ake o ngā Pākehā o roto o te hāhi."
New groups,Ngā rōpū hōu
Te Wananga a Rangi will be established as a religious education center for Māori.,Ka whakatūhia a Te Wananga a Rangi hei kura ako i ngā mātauranga whakapono e hāngai ana ki te Māori.
"New ministers, namely Amorangi, will also grow to support Māori communities, ie all volunteer ministers.","Ka tipu ake anō ngā minita hou, arā ngā Amorangi ki te tautoko i ngā hapori Māori, ara he minita tūao katoa."
These are developments to promote Māori power in a new way that was broken by the Māori Presbyterian Church.,He whanaketanga ēnei hei whakatairanga ake i te mana Māori i roto i te huarahi hōu i takahia e te Hāhi Perehipitiriana Māori.
"In 2006, more than 5 percent of members of the Presbyterian Church were Māori.","I te tau 2006, neke atu i te 5 ōrau o ngā mema o te Hāhi Perehipitiriana he Māori."
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
The Mormon Church,Te Hāhi Momona
"The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or the Mormon Church, arrived among the Māori people in 1881.","Ko te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti mō te Hunga Tapu o ngā Rā o Muri Nei, arā ko te Hāhi Mōmona tērā ka tae ki waenganui i te iwi Māori i te tau 1881."
"At the beginning of the 20th century, it had many slaves.",Nō te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900 he nui ōna pononga.
"The Mormons have some similarities with the Māori, and finally the focus is on whakapapa, or ancestral descent.","He rite tahi ētahi āhuatanga o te Mōmona ki te Māori, ka mutu i hāngai pū te aro ki te whakapapa, ki te whakaheke tīpuna rānei."
"Mormon missionaries also adhere to that of the Book of Mormon, that is, the people of the Pacific are the descendants of the Lost Nations of Israel.","Ka ū anō ngā mihinare Mōmona ki tā tērā o te Puka Mōmona, ara ko ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa hei uri anō mā ngā Iwi Ngaro o Iharaira."
Find out how the Māori and the Mormons share the same story about the long distance migrations of the mysterious people.,Whāia he rite tahi ngā kōrero a te Māori me ngā Mōmona mō ngā heke pāmamao a te iwi tohu a te wāhi ngaro.
"From the 1880s, the visions of the Māori prophets Arama Toiroa and Paora Te Pōtangaroa of Ngāti Kahungunu were seized; and King Tāwhiao of Waikato, and is used to explain the arrival of the Mormon Church among the Māori.","Mai i ngā tau 1880 ka kapohia ngā kite taurangi a ngā poropiti Māori a Arama Toiroa me Pāora Te Pōtangaroa o Ngāti Kahungunu; me Kīngi Tāwhiao o Waikato, ā, ka whakamahia hei whakamārama i te taenga ake o te Hāhi Mōmona ki waenganui i te Māori."
"After that, many Māori joined this church in the North and East.",Nā whai anō ka nui ngā Māori ka mene ki tēnei hāhi ki te Tai Tokerau me te Tai Rāwhiti.
The rise of the Mormon Church,Te tipunga o te Hāhi Mōmona
The Mormon church still accepts the use of te reo Māori in its prayers.,Ka whakaae tonu te hāhi Mōmona ki te whakamahinga o te reo Māori i ōna karakia.
"Because of the rise of the church after the land wars, the church did not participate in the activities of the Māori like other churches.","Nā te hua ake o te hāhi i muri i ngā pakanga whenua, kāore i uru te hāhi ki ngā mahi mūrere ki te Māori pērā i ērā atu o ngā hāhi."
Mormons were not interested in Māori lands.,Kīhai hoki te Mōmona i pīrangi ki ngā whenua Māori.
"Their life was real, and baptisms took place right in the water of their ancestors.","He tūturu tō rātou noho, ā, i tū ngā iriiri ki roto tonu ki ngā wai kōiri a ngā mātua tīpuna."
"The Mormons were also successful in bringing the slaves of other religions to areas that did not want to sell their land, such as the North-East.",Ka angitū anō ngā Mōmona ki te whakarata i ngā pononga o ērā atu hāhi ki ngā rohe kīhai i pai ki te hoko i ō rātou whenua pērā i te Matau-a-Māui.
There are many leaders who become disillusioned and jump into the Mormon Church.,He nui ngā rangatira ka kaikaiwaiū ā ka peke ki te Hāhi Mōmona.
"In 1890 there were 3000 Māori in the Mormon Church, 1 out of 12 Māori at that time.","I te tau 1890 e 3000 ngā Māori o te Hāhi Momona, 1 o ngā Māori 12 i tērā wā."
Look out,Matataki
"The Mormon Church developed through the exchange of slaves from other religions, and the Mormon Church clashed with Māori of other faiths.","I whanake te hāhi Mōmona i runga i te whakawhitiwhiti o ngā pononga o hāhi kē, ā, ka Tukituki te Hāhi Mōmona me ngā Māori o ētahi atu whakapono."
The Mormons were blocked in Ngāti Porou.,Ina rā i āraingia ngā Mōmona i roto o Ngāti Porou.
"After the Second World War, the Church did not know whether to integrate Māori with European characteristics, or to recognize Māori in the Church.","I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao kāore e mōhio te Hāhi mehemea ka whakahanumi i te Māori ki ngā āhuatanga o te Pākehā, ka whakamana rānei i Ngāi Māori i roto i te Hāhi."
"At that time, the traditional homes and houses of worship were abandoned and the Maori people migrated to the cities to live.",I taua wā ka whakarerea ngā wā kāinga me ngā whare karakia o ngā kāinga ā ka maunu atu te iwi Maori ki ngā taone noho ai.
Then the Māori language was removed from Mormon activities.,Kātahi ka whakatakētia te reo Māori i ngā mahi Mōmona.
"But his benefit was the inclusion of Māori in leadership positions in the church, and the church continues to grow among the Māori people today.","Engari ko tōna painga ko te whakaurunga o ngā Māori ki ngā tūranga rangatira o te hāhi, ā, ka tipu tonu te hāhi ki waenga i te iwi Māori i ēnei rā."
"In 2006, 50 percent of the Church was Māori.","I te tau 2006, e 50 ōrau o te Hāhi he Māori."
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
The Salvation Army,Te Ope Whakaora
The arrival of the Salvation Army,Te taenga mai o te Ope Whakaora
The Salvation Army means the army that heals people.,"Ko te tikanga o Te Ope Whakaora, ko te taua e whakarauora i te tangata."
"The officers of the Salvation Army arrived in New Zealand in Piritone in 1883, at a time when Māori were growing tired of the management of European churches in New Zealand.","Ko ngā āpiha o te Ope Whakaora i tae ki Aotearoa i Piritone I 1883, he wā kua hōhā haere Ngāi Māori i ngā whakahaere o ngā hāhi Pākehā i Aotearoa."
"At the same time, the Salvation Army worked in towns and cities, but Māori did not participate, because they lived outside the cities.","I te tutahi i mahi te Ope Whakaora ki ngā taone me ngā tāone nui, engari kāore i uru mai ngā Māori, nā te mea, kei waho o ngā tāone rātou e noho ana."
"The few who joined were people like 'Māori Joe' Solomon from Kaiapoi, and Maraea Morris, a leading woman who was the flag sergeant of the Tūranga party.","Ko te tokoiti i uru mai ko ngā tāngata pērā I a ‘Māori Joe’ Solomon nō Kaiapoi, rāua ko Maraea Morris, he wāhine rangatira i tū hei heihana-kara o te rōpū o Tūranga."
Māori missions,Ngā mīhana Māori
In 1888 Captain Ernest Holdaway of the Salvation Army and his wife Lizzie began their mission in the Whanganui River.,I te tau 1888 ka tīmata te mīhana a Kāpene Ernest Holdaway o te Ope Whakaora me tana wahine a Lizzie ki roto o te awa o Whanganui.
"The star in the sky was captured by them, namely the leader of Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi, Tamatea Aurunui.",Ko te whetū i te rangi ka kapohia e rāua ara ko te rangatira o Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi ko Tamatea Aurunui.
"He vacated his house in Jerusalem for a meeting for them, and he gave Rangimarie's car to the officers.","I whakawātea ia i tana whare i Hiruharama hei huihuinga mō rātou, ā, nānā i tuku i te waka o Rangimarie ki ngā āpiha."
"Holdaway also went to other tribes and met Tawhiao, Te Whiti and Te Kooti.","Ka haere anō a Holdaway ki ētahi atu o ngā iwi, ā, ka tūtaki ki a Tāwhiao, ki a Te Whiti me Te Kooti."
He also performed Māori concerts of the Salvation Army abroad.,Nānā anō i taki ngā kōnehete Māori o te Ope Whakaora ki tāwāhi.
19th century,Rautau 1900
The Salvation Army's activities in Māori communities were reduced due to changes in its programs by the organization's managers.,Nā te whakarerekētanga o ana kaupapa e ngā kaiwhakahaere o te ope ka iti iho ngā mahi mā te Ope Whakaora ki ngā hapori Māori.
"In the aftermath, Māori support for the army declined again.",Nā whai anō ka paheke anō te tautoko a te Māori i te ope.
But it was during the time of Major Robert Prowse that he managed his mission in the East for 30 years until he died in 1967.,Engari nō te wā i a Meiha Robert Prowse ka whakahaere ia i tana mīhana ki te Tai Rāwhiti mō te 30 tau ā mate noa ia i te tau 1967.
"In the year 2000, the Army made another effort to enter the Māori community.",Nō te tau 2000 ku whakapau kaha anō te Ope ki roto ki te ao Māori.
"In 2006, Second Captains Joe (Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi) and Nan Pātea (Ngāti Porou) became the leaders of the Māori ministry of the Salvation Army.",Nō te tau 2006 ka tū ngā Kāpene Tuarua a Joe (Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi) me Nan Pātea (Ngāti Porou) hei rangatira mō te minitatanga Māori o te Ope Whakaora.
Page 7.,Whārangi 7.
Rattan and Ringatū,Rātana me Ringatū
The Primary Church,Te Hāhi Ringatū
Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Türuki was a prophet who escaped from Wharekauri when he was wrongfully imprisoned by the Crown.,He poropiti a Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki i marere morehu i Wharekauri i tana mauhere hētia e te Karauna.
When he was strong God appeared to him and he led his people from the desert to the promised land.,"I tōna pōkaikahatanga ka whakaputa te Atua ki a ia, ā, ka aratakina e ia tōna iwi mai i te koraha ki te whenua oati."
In 1868 he was involved in the capture of the ship Rifleman .,I te tau 1868 i pahiko ia te hopunga o te kaipuke Rifleman.
300 prisoners (including women and children) were exposed.,"E 300 ngā mauhere (wāhine mai, tamariki mai hoki) i puta te ihu."
"When they landed, they raised their hands to praise God, and that was the photograph of the Ringatū Church.","Ka pae noa ki uta, ka tū ngā ringa whakamoemiti ki te Atua, ā, ko te pueatanga tērā o te Hāhi Ringatū."
The Use of Security,Te Whakahāhitanga o te Ringatū
"In 1875, Te Kooti approved this belief as a religion.",I te tau 1875 ka whakamanatia i a Te Kooti te whakapono nei hei hāhi tonu atu.
"The Ringatū does not have churches, but in its marae where its days are held.","Kāore ngā whare karakia o te Ringatū, engari ki ōna marae whakahaeretia ai ōna rā."
His ministers are also called priests.,Ko ōna minita ka kīia he tohunga hoki.
"In 1915, Ringatū priests were called ministers under the Marriage Act.","I te tau 1915, ka kīia ngā tohunga Ringatū hei minita i raro i te Ture Mārena."
In 1928 the governing laws of the church were registered under the Corporations Act.,I te tau 1928 ka rēhitatia ngā ture ārahi o te hāhi ki raro ki te Ture mō ngā Rōpū Kaporeihana.
"Originally, the head of the church was the bishop, but then this position changed to the president.","Mātua, ko te ūpoko o te hāhi ko te pīhopa, engari nāwai ka huri tēnei tūnga hei perehitini."
"At a great meeting in Rūātoki, it was decided to call the head of the church the Poutikanga.","I tētahi hui nui ki Rūātoki, ka whakatauhia kia karangatia te ūpoko o te hāhi ko te Poutikanga."
"In 2006 there were 16,419 slaves in the Ringatū.","I te tau 2006 e 16,419 ngā pononga o te Ringatū."
Great Days of the Holy Church,Ngā Rā Nui o te Hāhi Ringatū
"Saturdays are the Lord's Sabbath, and the twelfth day of each month is the day of the church's main karakia.","Ko ngā Hatarei ngā Rā Hāpati a te Ringatū, ā, hei ngā tekau mā rua o ia marama ngā karakia nui a te hāhi."
"In addition there are four pillars of the church year; i.e. the January One, the June One, the July One and the November One.","Tāpiri atu e whā ngā pou o te tau o te hāhi; arā ko te Tahi o Hanuere, ko te Tahi o Hune, ko te Tahi o Hūrae me te Tahi o Noema."
"The First of January goes back to Exodus 40:2, which refers to the first day of the first month.","Ko te Tahi o Hanuere ka hoki ki te Hekenga (Exodus) 40:2, e tūtohu ana ki te rā tuatahi o te marama tuatahi."
The Tahi o Hūrae goes back to the 'sabbath of sabbaths'.,Ko te Tahi o Hūrae ka hoki ki te ‘hāpati o ngā hāpati’.
"Salad is held on June 1st, and Pure is held on November 1st (or December 1st in some places).","Ko te huamata ka tū i te Tahi o Hune, ā, ko te Pure ka tū i te Tahi o Noema (1 o Tīhema rānei ki ētahi wāhi)."
The Church of London,Te Haahi Rātana
The Original Pillar of the Ratan Church,Te Pou Taketake o te Hāhi Rātana
Tahupōtiki Williamu Ratana was born in 1873; a leader and a double father.,"I whānau mai a Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana i te tau 1873; he kaiārahi, he pā whakawairua hoki."
"When God appeared to him, he was determined to gather the Maori people under the protection of Jehovah, and abandon the beliefs of the Maori.","Nō ngā putanga o te Atua ki a ia, ka marutuna ia kia whakamine i te iwi Māori ki te maru o Ihowā, ā, whakarere i ngā whakapono a te Māori."
"Under his influence, a small town sprung up on Ratana Farm to the east of Whanganui.","Nō raro mai i tōna awe, ka puea ake te taone iti ki te pāmu o Rātana ki te rāwhiti o Whanganui."
Eventually this place became known as Rātana Pā.,Nāwai ka mōhiotia tēnei wāhi ko Rātana Pā.
"In the beginning, Ratana ordered people to remain faithful to their religion, but then he established his new faith.","I te tīmatanga, ka whakahau a Rātana kia piripono tonu ngā tāngata ki ō rātou hāhi, engari nāwai ka whakatū i a ia tōna whakapono hōu."
The spread of the Church,Te horapatanga o te Hāhi
"In 1925, the religious order of the Ratan Church was created, and the Ratan Church was registered separately in that year as well.","I te tau 1925 ka waihangatia te tikanga whakapono o te Haahi Rātana, ā, ka rēhita motuhaketia te Haahi Rātana i taua tau hoki."
Ratana was the representative.,Ko Rātana tonu te māngai.
The main symbol is the five-pointed star.,"Ko te tohu matua, ko te whetū e rima nei ōna mata."
"The church does not include the Holy Trinity, namely the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit as well as the True Angels and the Representative.","Hai roto hoki i te hāhi ko te tokotoru tapu, arā ko te Matua, te Tama me te Wairua Tapu tae atu ki ngā Anahera Pono me te Māngai."
"In 1928, the Temple of the Ratana church was built with its two bell towers.",Nō te tau 1928 ka whakatūhia te Temepara o te hāhi Rātana me ana pourewa pere e rua .
"Since then, many such temples have been established throughout the island.",Atu i taua wā he nui ngā momo temepara pēnei kua whakatūhia puta noa i te motu.
"In 2006 the Ratana Church was the largest Māori church in New Zealand, with 50,565 members, around 10 percent of the Māori population.","I te tau 2006 ko te Haahi Rātana te hāhi Māori nui ake o Aotearoa, ā, e 50,565 ōna pononga, kei te takiwā o te 10 ōrau o te taupori Māori."
Page 8.,Whārangi 8.
The Pentecostal Church,Te Hāhi Penetaka
The Pentecostal Church came to New Zealand in the early 1900s.,Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900 ka tau mai te Hāhi Penetaka ki Aotearoa.
"Their focus was on healing, miracles and baptizing adults.","Ko tā rātou i arohia ko ngā mahi whakaora, ngā mahinga tipua me te iriiri i ngā pākeke."
These are some of the factors that attracted Māori to this church.,Ko ēnei ētahi o ngā āhuatanga i rarata ai te Māori ki tēnei hāhi.
"In 1928 the European Stephen Jeffries prayed for a Māori suffering from cancer, and God healed him.","I te tau 1928 ka karakia te Pākehā a Stephen Jeffries mō tētahi Māori e mate pukupuku ana, ā, ka whakaorangia tērā e te Atua."
Many Māori converted to this church.,He nui ngā Māori ka tahuri ki tēnei hāhi.
God's audience,Ngā minenga o te Atua
"This is the largest of the Pentecostal Churches and Congregations of God, and has only a small number of Māori members.","Ko tēnei te hāhi nui rawa o ngā Hāhi Penetaka me ngā Minenga o te Atua, ā, he tokoiti noa iho ōna mema Māori."
"Because its leaders were immigrants, the churches were only found in the towns, and Māori did not attend this church.","Nā te mea he manene nō tāwāhi ōna rangatira, ka mutu i ngā taone anake ngā whare karakia, kāore te Māori i mene ki tēnei hāhi."
"In 2007, the main council of the church decided to allow Māori more participation in the church.",I te tau 2007 ka whakatau te kaunihera matua o te hāhi ki ōna ngoikorehanga kia whai wāhi ake te Māori ki roto ki te hāhi.
That is why Minister Peter Hira was sent to lead a review on this issue.,Nō konā ka tonoa ko Minita Peter Hira ki te ārahi i tētahi arotake ki te take nei.
"In 2006, 8 percent of this church was Māori.",I e tau 2006 e 8 ōrau o tēnei hāhi he Māori.
Apostolic Churches and New Life,"Ngā Hāhi Āpotoro, Koiora Hōu hoki"
In the 1940's and 1950's the Apostolic Church and the New Life Church held tent trips.,I ngā tekau tau 1940 me 1950 ka tū ngā haerenga tēneti o te hahi Āpotoro me te hāhi Koiora Hou.
"Due to the location of these camps in rural areas, many Māori left.","Nā te tū o ēnei puni ki ngā taiwhenua, he nui te Māori ka mene atu."
The desire to raise Māori leaders was evident in the church.,He whakatipu rangatira Māori te hiahia i mārakerake kitea atu i te hāhi nei.
Manuel Renata later became the chairman of the highest organization of the Apostolic Church.,Nō muri mai ka tū a Manuel Renata hei heamana o te whakahaerenga teitei rawa o te hāhi Āpotoro.
Many hui are held in marae such as Tūrangawaewae to celebrate the church.,He nui ngā hui ka tū ki ngā marae pērā i Tūrangawaewae hei whakamāui i te hāhi.
"At one of the meetings in 1979, Brian Tāmaki joined, and later he became a great leader of this church.","I tētahi o ngā hui i te tau 1979 ka uru mai a Brian Tāmaki, ā, nō muri mai ka tū ia hei rangatira nui mō tēnei hāhi."
"When he left in 1994, Māori participation decreased.",Nō tana wehenga i te tau 1994 ka iti iho te whai wāhi atu o te Māori.
"In 2006, 13 percent of the church was Māori.",I te tau 2006 e 13 ōrau o te hāhi he Māori.
Destiny Church,Te Hāhi Destiny
"Brian Tamaki (Ngāti Ngāwaero, Ngāti Maniapoto) grew up as a Methodist, but when he was 21 he joined the Apostolic Church.","I tipu ake a Brian Tamaki (Ngāti Ngāwaero, Ngāti Maniapoto) hei Metoriti, engari nō te wā e 21 ana tau ka hono ia ki te Hāhi Āpotoro."
"Soon he became the leader of the branch of the church in Rotorua, Lake City Church, the second church in the island for the Apostles.","Nāwai ka puea ia hei kaiārahi mō te peka o te hāhi ki Rotorua, Lake City Church, te hāhi tuarua o te motu mō ngā Āpotoro."
But in 1994 he left the church due to financial issues in the national administration.,Engari i te tau 1994 ka wehe ia i te hāhi i runga i ētahi take utu i te whakahaerenga ā-motu.
"The Destiny Church was the result, and its followers quickly grew to 7,000.","Ko te huanga mai tērā o te Hāhi Destiny, ā, ka tere piki ōna pononga ki te 7,000."
"According to church statistics, 78 percent of the church is Māori, and in 2008 he became the Māori ministry in the towns.","E ai ki ngā tatauranga o te hāhi, e 78 ōrau o te hāhi he Māori, ā, i te tau 2008 ka tū ia hei manatū Māori ki ngā taone."
"This is why they are eligible for government funding to support economic, social and cultural services to Māori communities.","Nō konei ka āhei rātou ki ngā pūtea kāwanatanga hei tautoko i ngā ratonga mahi ōhanga, pāpori, ahurea hoki ki ngā hapori Māori."
"In 2005, Thomas was consecrated as Bishop of the Destiny Church.",I te tau 2005 ka whakatapua a Tāmaki hei Pīhopa mō te Hāhi Destiny.
"In 2009, he became 'Te Māngai', the name by which Tahupōtiki Willemu Ratana, the founder of the Ratana Church, was called.","I te tau 2009 ka meatia e ia koia tonu ‘Te Māngai’, ara te ingoa i karangatia ai a Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, te kaiwhakaū i te Hāhi Rātana."
"Although the flag is not of the real Māori world, this feature quickly caught on.","Ahakoa ehara te haki nō te ao Māori tūturu, he tere te hopu o tēnei āhuatanga."
"The flag is visible in ethnic, political, religious and social contexts.","Kei roto i ngā āhuatanga iwi, tōrangapū, whakapono, pāpori hoki te haki e kitea ana."
A brief summary,He korero whakarapopoto
Europeans brought the culture of the flag to New Zealand and it became part of Māori thought as a symbol of power and sovereignty.,"Nā te Pākehā i kawe mai te tikanga o te haki ki Aotearoa nei, ā, ka whai wāhi ki roto i te tikanga whakaaro Māori hei tohu mana, rangatiratanga hoki."
Its Māori words are a flag or flag - this is an abbreviation of the word 'Union Jack'.,"Ko ōna kupu Māori, he kara, he haki rānei – he whakarāpopototanga tēnei o te kupu ‘Union Jack’."
First uses of the flag,Ngā whakamahinga tuatahi o te haki
"Missionaries also brought flags to Māori, and some flags were flown to Māori homes on Sunday.","Nā ngā mihinare hoki i kawe mai ngā haki ki te Māori, ā, ka whakarewaina ētahi haki ki ngā kāinga Māori i te Rātapu."
"From the 1830s, flags began to be placed on food shelves during festivals.","Mai i te tekau tau 1830, ka tīmata te whakarere haki ki ngā whata kai i ngā wā hākari."
The Flag of the Congregation,Te Haki o Te Whakaminenga
The decision to make a flag for the island of New Zealand was made by the English resident Phuhipi.,Nā te kainoho Pākehā o Ingarangi nā Pūhipi te whakatau kia hanga i tētahi haki mō te motu o Niu Tīreni.
In 1834 the Northern leaders were invited to meet at Waitangi.,I te tau 1834 ka pōwhiritia ngā rangatira o te Tai Tokerau kia hui ki Waitangi.
The point is to choose a flag for them.,Ko te take kia kōwhiri i tētahi haki mā rātou.
There are three options.,E toru ngā kōwhiringa.
In the end it was decided that the flag of Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Aotearoa.,I te mutunga ake ka whakatauria ko te haki o Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Aotearoa.
"After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi which made New Zealand a British colony, the Union flag became the flag of New Zealand.","Whai muri i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi i hua ake ai a Aotearoa hei koroni mō Ingarangi, ka puta ko te haki Uniana hei haki mō Aotearoa."
"In protest against the pressures of European law, the flagpoles of the Union Flag were cut.","Hei porotū ki ngā mahi pēhi a te ture Pākehā, ka poroa ngā pou haki o te Haki Uniana."
Māori churches,Ngā hāhi Māori
"There are three flags of the Pai Mārire (Hauhau) faith, which are used to launch the organization of the church.","E toru ngā haki o te whakapono Pai Mārire (Hauhau), whakarewaina ai i ngā whakahaerenga o te hāhi."
Each of the five apostles of the church has a flag.,He haki hoki tō ia āpotoro e rima o te hāhi.
The Court also binds its battle banners to the flames of fire.,Ka heria hoki e Te Kooti ōna kara pakanga ki te mura o te ahi.
Some of his flags were captured after the wars.,Ko ētahi o ana haki i hopukina whai muri i ngā pakanga.
"In 1868, Te Kooti captured the Ngāti Kahungunu flag, Te Wepu, and two years later a European captain captured it.","I te tau 1868, ka hopukina e Te Kooti te haki o Ngāti Kahungunu, a Te Wepu, ā, e rua tau i muri ka hopukina e tētahi kāpene Pākehā."
There are many flags of each Māori prophet and Māori prophet.,"He maha ngā haki o tēnā poropiti Māori, o tēnā poropiti Māori."
Māori politics,Ngā tōrangapū Māori
"Independent power groups also use the flag; that is the King, that is the Unity.","Ka whakamahi hoki ngā rōpū mana motuhake i te haki; ko te Kīngitanga tērā, ko Te Kotahitanga tērā."
Each Māori chieftain has a flag.,He haki tō ia ūpoko ariki Māori.
Māori forces also used the flag in the land wars of the 19th century.,Ka whakamahi hoki ngā kūpapa Māori i te haki i ngā pakanga whenua o te rautau 1800.
"For their protection of the town of Whanganui during the marau wars in the 1860s, a flag was given to those people of Whanganui who stood for Crown.","Mō tā rātou whakahaumaru i te tāone o Whanganui i ngā taua marau i te tekau tau 1860, ka takohatia tētahi haki ki ērā iwi o Whanganui i tū mō te Karauna."
The kings and queens of England have also given a flag to the people of the island.,Kua takohatia hoki he haki e ngā kīngi me ngā kuini o Ingarangi ki ngā iwi o te motu.
Protests,Ngā porotēhi
Since the 1970s Māori have abandoned the flag as a sign of protest.,Mai i te tekau tau 1970 kua whakarere te Māori i te haki hei tohu mautohe.
"The most visible is the national flag, which was created in 1989.","Ko tērā e kitea nuitia ana ko te haki tino rangatiratanga, i waihangatia i te tau 1989."
"In 2009, the national flag was selected as the national flag by Māori.",I te tau 2009 ka tīpakotia te haki tino rangatiratnga hei haki ā-motu nā te Māori ake.
Page 1.,Whārangi 1.
Māori use of the flag,Te whakamahinga a te Māori i te haki
Terms of the flag,Ngā tikanga o te haki
"Since the arrival of Europeans, Māori have used the flag for two centuries.",Mai anō i te taenga mai o te Pākehā ka whakamahi te Māori i te haki mō ngā rautau e rua.
"Although the Māori did not talk about the flag before the arrival of the Europeans, the flag has been sewn into the Māori world with all its many meanings, including different ethnic, social, political and religious aspects.","Ahakoa kāore he kōrero ā te Māori mō te haki i mua i te taenga mai o te Pākehā kua tuia te haki ki roto i te ao Māori me ōna rerenga maha katoa, tae atu ki ngā tūmomo āhuatanga iwi, pāpori, tōrangapū, whakapono hoki."
"To the lords and leaders of the Māori people, the flag is a symbol of authority.","Ki ngā ariki me ngā rangatira o te iwi Māori, he tohu mana te haki."
In it are carved the lines of information that make people understand whether the person is on the side of the Crown or on the side of independent Māori power.,"Kei roto e whakairotia ana ngā takotoranga kōrero e mārama ai te tangata mēnā kei te taha o te Karauna, kei te taha rānei o te mana Māori motuhake te tangata."
"Finally, its Māori name is kara or flag.","Ka mutu, ko te kara, ko te haki rānei ōna ingoa Māori."
Missionaries and the flag,Ngā mihinare me te haki
"One of the first effects was in 1812, that is, when the Ngāpuhi leader Ruatara returned, after touring England and Australia.","Ko tētahi o ngā pānga tuatahi i te tau 1812, arā, i te hokinga mai o te rangatira o Ngāpuhi a Ruatara, i muri i tāna taiāwhio i Ingarangi me Ahitereiria."
What he brought with him was a muslin briefcase given to him by Samuel Marsden of the Missionary Society.,Ko tāna i kawe mai ko te pūeru muslin i tahuatia ki a ia e Samuel Marsden o te Rōpū Mihinare.
His writing on it is 'Holy Day'.,"Ko ōna tuhituhi kei runga, ko ‘Ra Tapu’."
"In the 1820s, on Sundays, the people of Pēwhairangi abandoned the white flag and the red flag as a symbol of their commitment to Sunday.","I te tekau tau 1820, hei ngā Rātapu kua whakarere ngā iwi o Pēwhairangi i te haki mā me te haki whero hei tohu ki tō rātou whakamana i te Rātapu."
The mission house of Te Waimate was erected and they raised a flag with a cross and the words 'Good News'.,"Ka whakatūria ko te whare mīhana o Te Waimate, ā, ka whakarewa rātou i te haki e mau ana i te rīpeka me ngā kupu ‘Rongo Pai’."
Flags on food shelves,Ngā haki ki ngā whata kai
"From the early 1830s, flags are depicted hanging on food shelves.",Mai i ngā tau tōmua o 1830 ka whakaahuatia ngā haki e iri ana ki runga i ngā whata kai.
"At a big feast, Hone Heke climbed to the top of a food rack and waved the flag to mark the final discharge of the feast food into Pēwhairangi.","I tētahi hākari nui ka piki ake a Hōne Heke ki te tihi o tētahi whata kai, ka tīhoka i te haki hei tohu i te whakamutunga rawatanga o ngā kai hākari ki roto o Pēwhairangi."
Page 2.,Whārangi 2.
Early national flags,Ngā haki tōmua o te motu
Gathering of New Zealand Tribes,Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Niu Tīreni
In the 1830s the need for a national flag for New Zealand merchant ships arose.,Nō ngā tau 1830 ka ara ake te hiahia ki tētahi haki ā-motu mō ngā kaipuke hokohoko o Aotearoa.
"Patuone and Taonui of Ngāpuhi for their ship, Sir George Murray , left a captain in the convoy.","Ko tā Patuone rāua ko Taonui o Ngāpuhi mō tō rāua kaipuke, a Sir George Murray, he whakarere i tētahi kaitaka ki te tira waka."
Foreign authorities declared this flag invalid and the ship was grounded in Sydney.,"Ka kīa e ngā mana o tāwāhi kāore he mana o tēnei haki, ā, ka whakamauria te kaipuke ki Poihākena."
In 1833 James Busby was sent as European Resident for New Zealand (an official position).,I te tau 1833 ka tonoa a James Busby hei Kainoho Pākehā mō Niu Tīreni (he tūranga āpiha).
He wrote to the colonial secretary to design a flag.,I tuhi atu ia ki te hēkeretari koroni kia auahatia tētahi haki.
Busby objected to the first innovation because it did not have the color red – a color that had significance to Māori.,Ka whakahē a Busby i te auahatanga tuatahi nā te mea kāore he tae whero – he kara whai mana ki te Māori.
"Then, Henry Williams of the Missionary League arranged for three students to be born.","Na, ka whakaritea e Henry Williams o te Rōpū Mihinare kia whatua mai ngā tauira e toru."
"Finally on the 20th of March in 1834 the three flags were unveiled to the Ngāpuhi leaders, and the meeting decided to use the one that was already being used by the Missionary League.","Ka mutu i te 20 o ngā rā o Poutūterangi i te tau 1834 ka huraina ngā haki e toru ki ngā rangatira o Ngāpuhi, ā, ka whakatau te hui kia whakamahia tērā e whakamahi kētia ana e te Rōpū Mihinare."
"It was launched at the flagpole and received a twenty-one-gun salute from the King's ship, the Alligator .","Ka whakarewaina ki te pou haki, ā, ka whakawhiwhia ki te keunga pū rua tekau mā tahi mai i te kaipuke o te Kīngi, i te Alligator."
It was later approved by King William the Fourth and became known as the flag of the People's Assembly of New Zealand.,"Nō muri mai ka whakamanaia e Kīngi Wiremu Tuawhā, ā, ka mōhiotia ko te haki o Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Niu Tīreni."
Busby wanted the flag to unite the efforts of the Māori people.,Ko te pīrangi a Busby mā te haki e whakakotahi ngā mahi a te iwi Māori.
"It goes without saying that many of those leaders signed the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand in 1835, which declared them the sovereign power of New Zealand.","Taro kau iho ko te tokomaha o aua rangatira ka haina i te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tīreni i te tau 1835, i whakataua ai ko rātou te mana rangatira o Aotearoa."
Raising the flag of The Gathering,Te whakarewa i te haki o Te Whakaminenga
"When the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840, the flag of the People's Assembly of New Zealand was replaced by the Union Flag, when New Zealand became a British colony.","I te waitohutanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi i tau 1840 ka takahia te haki o Te Whakaminenga o Ngā Hapū o Niu Tīreni mō te Haki Uniana, i te huatanga ake o Aotearoa hei koroni mō Ingarangi."
"Despite this, Māori continued to fly the flag of Te Whakaminega.","Ahakoa tērā, ka whakarewaina tonutia e ngā Māori te haki o Te Whakaminenga."
Tūhawaiki flew the flag of Te Whakaminenga on the island of Ruapuke and he died.,"Nā Tūhawaiki i whakahoka te haki o Te Whakaminenga ki te moutere o Ruapuke, ā, mate noa ia."
"In 1856 in Pūkawa, Te Heuheu Iwikau brought together many tribes so that they would turn to prepare a Māori King.",I te tau 1856 ki Pūkawa ka whakahuihuitia e Te Heuheu Iwikau ngā iwi maha kia tahuri rātou ki te whakarite i tētahi Kīngi Māori.
On the flagpole will fly the flag of The Congregation.,I runga i te pou haki ka rere ko te haki o Te Whakaminenga.
Te Kotahitanga also uses the flag of Te Whakamininga.,Ka whakamahi hoki te rōpū Te Kotahitanga i te haki o Te Whakaminenga.
"Finally in 1907 a meeting was held for a Māori congregation, and Rāwhiti presented his example of the flag of Te Whakamininga.","Ka mutu i te tau 1907 ka tū te hui mō tētahi whakaminenga Māori, ā, nā Rāwhiti i whakaatu tana tauira o te haki o Te Whakaminenga."
"In the 1970s, the flag was flown again, and was widely seen until after the 2000s, as a symbol of protest.","I te tekau tau 1970, ka kapakapa mai anō te haki, ā, i kitea nuitia tae noa mai ki tua o te tau rua mano, hei tohu mautohe."
The Union Flag,Te Haki Uniana
Hone Heke toppled the flagpole four times in 1844 and 1845.,E whā ngā turakitanga a Hōne Heke i te pou haki i ngā tau o 1844 me 1845.
"Heke, the chief of Ngāpuhi, opposed the flying of the British flag, and he toppled the flagpole at Kororāreka.","Ko Heke te rangatira o Ngāpuhi ka whakahē i te rere o te haki o Peretānia, ā, ka turakina e ia te pou haki ki Kororāreka."
"He believed that the ownership of the land should not fall under the control of the government, but that the rights of the Māori should remain equal.","Ko tana whakapono kia kaua te mana o te whenua e taka ki raro i te mana o te kāwanatanga, engari kia noho ōrite te mana o te Māori."
The Ngāpuhi leader Te Ruki Kawiti said that he would rather die before letting the British flag fly in Kororāreka.,"Ko tā tērā o ngā rangatira o Ngāpuhi a Te Ruki Kawiti, he pai kē atu ia kia mate i mua i te tuku i te haki o Peretānia kia rere tonu ki Kororāreka."
"He also used the British flag as a symbol of European rule, which would destroy 'the power of our rulers and our country'.","Ko tāna anō hei tohu tēnei mea te haki o Peretānia mō te ture Pākehā, e ngaro ai ‘te mana o ngā rangatira me ō mātou whenua’."
"In 1863, the Māori cut down the flagpole and burned the boats in Manukau Island.","Nō te tau 1863, ka tapahia e ngā Māori te pou haki, ā, ka tahuna ngā poti i te kūrae o Manukau."
"In 1892 south of Auckland in Akaaka, Kina Ohina Muri was accused of stealing government flags after some land surveys.","I te tau 1892 ki te tonga o Tāmaki ki Akaaka, ka whakapaetia a Kina Ohina Muri mō te kāhaki i ngā kara kāwanatanga i muri i ētahi rūri whenua."
"When asked, he replied that he was only interested in the King.",I tana uiuinga ka whakahoki ia ko te Kīngitanga anake tāna i aro atu ai.
Page 3.,Whārangi 3.
Māori churches,Ngā hāhi Māori
The Haumene Rain,Te Ua Haumēne
"Te Ua Haumene is the head of the Pai Mārire church, and his servants are the Hauhau.","Ko Te Ua Haumēne te tumu whakarae o te hāhi Pai Mārire, ā, ko ōna pononga ko ngā Hauhau."
Kēnana's flag represents his belief in the relationship between Māori and Jews.,Ko te haki a Kēnana hei whakaahua i tana whakapono ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te Māori me te Hūrai.
"Each of the five apostles of the church, including leaders Tītokowaru and Peehi Tūroa, has a flag.","He haki tō ia āpotoro tokorima o te hāhi, tae atu ki ngā rangatira ki a Tītokowaru rāua ko Peehi Tūroa."
It is the oldest flag of the church and is the largest flag in New Zealand.,"Ko te tino haki o te hāhi inā noa atu tōna roa, ā, koia nei te haki nui rawa i Aotearoa."
It is 7 meters long and 3.7 meters high.,"E 7 mita te roa, e 3.7 mita tōna teitei."
"On the flag is the image of Te Matairenga, a Māori god of war.","I runga i te haki ko te āhua o Te Matairenga, he atua Māori nō te pakanga."
"Among the Hauhau religious ceremonies was the pou niu, which is a 30 feet (more than 9 meters) high pole that stood in the middle of a vacant lot.","I waenganui pū i ngā whakahaerenga karakia Hauhau ko te pou niu, arā he poupou 30 putu (neke atu i te 9 mita) te teitei i tū ki waenga i tētahi whenua wātea."
Above the coconut tree are three flags:,I runga ake i te pou niu ko ngā haki e toru:
"Riki, a red flag bearing a white cross.","ko Riki, he haki whero e mau ana i te rīpeka mā."
Now is the battle flag,Koianei te haki pakanga
"the flag of the prophet or the apostle of the priest, each religious organization","ko te haki o te poropiti, o te āpotoro o te tohunga rānei, i a ia ngā whakahaere karakia"
"Ruru, another red flag, is bigger than those.","ko Ruru, he haki whero anō, whānui ake i ērā."
Above is the cross of St. Andrew and another carving.,I runga ko te rīpeka o Hato Anaru me tētahi atu whakairotanga.
This is the flag of peace.,Koinei te haki o te rangimārie.
The Court,Te Kooti
"Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Türuki, the cornerstone of the Church of England, also recognized the authority of the flag.","Ko Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Tūruki te poutokomanawa o te Hāhi Ringatū, i mōhio anō ki te mana o te haki."
He has a flag for times of success and other signs of war.,"He haki tāna mō ngā wā ka angitu, mō ētahi atu tohu pakanga hoki."
"Its famous flag is Te Wepu, which is 15.8 meters long and 1.2 meters high.","Ko tōna haki rongonui ko Te Wepu, e 15.8 te roa, e 1.2 mita tōna teitei."
"This dress was sewn by the teachers of Greenmeadows, the mission school of Ngāti Kahungunu leaders.","I tuia mai te kākahu nei e ngā hihita o Greenmeadows, te kura mīhana a ngā rangatira o Ngāti Kahungunu."
"In 1868 Te Kooti captured it, and it took him two years to capture Tawa in Rotorua in 1870.","I te tau 1868 ka hopukina e Te Kooti, ā, e rua tau ki a ia ka mau i a Tawa ki Rotorua i te tau 1870."
"Te Kooti captured two more flags, namely Te Pôrere and Tāpapa, on the side north of Putāruru.","E rua anō ngā haki a Te Kooti i hopukia, arā ki Te Pōrere me Tāpapa, ki te taha raki o Putāruru."
Paola Te Potangaroa,Pāora Te Pōtangaroa
"Pāora Te Pōtangaroa was a prophet from the Wairarapa, who designed the prophetic flag with its symbols.","He poropiti a Pāora Te Pōtangaroa nō Wairarapa, nāna i hoahoa te haki matakite nui noa atu ōna tohu."
"In 1881 the people were invited, and thousands of people attended.","I te tau 1881 ka karangatia te iwi, ā, inā te mano tāngata i mene mai."
"However, there was no understanding of the symbols of the flag at that time.","Heoi, kāore i puta he māramatanga ki ngā tohu o te haki i taua wā."
Free Mail,Mere Rikiriki
Mere Rikiriki was a leader from Ngāti Apa.,Ko Mere Rikiriki tētahi rangatira nō Ngāti Apa.
He was also the leader of Te Hahi o Te Wairua Tapu in the early 1900s.,Koia anō hoki te kaiārahi o Te Hāhi o Te Wairua Tapu i ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900.
His flag was sent by King Tawhiao as a sign of his spiritual power.,I tukuna mai tāna haki e Kīngi Tāwhiao hei tohu ki tōna mana wairua.
"They carry a white flag with stars and the words 'O te iwi, kia ora'.","E mau ana i te haki mā ko ngā whetū me te kōrero ‘E te iwi, kia ora’."
Rua Kenana,Rua Kēnana
The prophet of Ngāi Tūhoe e Rua Kēnana continued to carry the flags of faith into the 20th century.,Kawea tonutia e te poropiti o Ngāi Tūhoe e Rua Kēnana ngā kara haki o te whakapono ki roto i te rautau 1900.
One of them was the Union Flag which was presented by the governor to Tūtakangahau of Maungapōhatu in 1904.,Ko tētahi ko te Haki Uniana rahi i takohatia e te kāwana ki a Tūtakangahau o Maungapōhatu i te tau 1904.
Later on Te Rua wrote the statement 'One law for the two Maungapohatu tribes' to indicate the relationship between the Prime Minister and Te Waari.,Nō muri mai ka tuhia e Te Rua te kōrero ‘Kotahi te ture mo nga iwi e Rua Maungapohatu’ hei tohu i te hononga ki te Pirimia ki a Te Waari.
Te Rua has two more flags.,E rua anō ngā haki a Te Rua.
"Te Tahi o Te Rangi, i.e. the ruanuku ancestor of Ngāi Tūhoe, is one, and Te Wairua Kino, i.e. a black flag to encourage the people to attack.","Ko Te Tahi o Te Rangi, arā, ko te tipuna ruanuku o Ngāi Tūhoe tētahi, me Te Wairua Kino, arā, he haki pango hei whakaōhiti i te iwi ki ngā taua whakaeke."
Page 4.,Whārangi 4.
Monarchy and Unity,Te Kīngitanga me Te Kotahitanga
The King,Te Kīngitanga
"Despite the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, tensions arose between Māori and Europeans who hungered for new land, and hostilities broke out in the 1860s.","Ahakoa te hainatanga o Tiriti o Waitangi ka tutū te puehu i waenganui i te Māori me te Pākehā i te hiakai ki te whenua o te hunga tauhou, me te pakarutanga mai o ngā riri i te tekau tau 1860."
kaupapa mana motuhake Māori and all their special features.,Ko te pueatanga ake tērā o ngā kaupapa mana motuhake Māori me ō rātou tohu motuhake katoa.
"Finally, Te Kingitanga is one.",Ka mutu ko Te Kīngitanga tētahi.
"At the inauguration of the first Māori king, Pōtau Te Wherowhero in 1858 three flags were flown with the words 'Kingi' and 'New Zealand'.","I te whakawahinga o te kīngi Māori tuatahi, o Pōtatau Te Wherowhero i te tau 1858 tokotoru ngā haki ka whakahokaina ki runga me ngā kupu ‘Kīngi’ me ‘Niu Tireni’."
In May 1860 a meeting was held in Otaki.,I te Mei o 1860 ka tū tētahi hui ki Ōtaki.
The number of people who attended was 350.,"Ko ngā tāngata i tae atu, e 350 te tokomaha."
"One half opposed the King's banner, the other half agreed.","Kotahi haurua ka whakahē ki te haki o te Kīngi, kotahi haurua ka whakaae."
"When Tawhiao ascended to the position of Potatau, his colors were blue and yellow, and he wore three stars representing the three islands of New Zealand.","I te pikinga o Tāwhiao ki te tūranga o Pōtatau he kahurangi, he kōwhai te tae o tōna kara, ā, e mau ana i ngā whetū e toru e tūtohu ana i ngā motu e toru o Aotearoa."
"Tāwhiao's highest rank is King Mahuta, whose flag is 5.2 meters long and 2.4 meters wide.","Ko te piki tūranga o Tāwhiao ko Kīngi Mahuta, ko tōna kara e 5.2 mita te roa, he 2.4 mita te whānui."
"The background of this flag is white, and at the end it holds the vehicle of Tainui , the bow god of Uenuku, Matariki, a cross, the moon, and the sun.","He mā te papamuri o te haki nei, ka mutu e mau ana i te waka o Tainui, te atua kōpere a Uenuku, ko Matariki, ko tētahi rīpeka, ko te marama, me te rā."
In the years since the year 2000 the flag of Te Kīngitanga has continued to be used at poukai and coronations.,I ngā tau mai i te tau rua mano whakamahia tonutia ai te haki o Te Kīngitanga ki ngā poukai me ngā koroneihana.
Unity,Kotahitanga
The Māori parliament of the Union started in 1893 in Waipatu marae in Hastings.,Ko te paremata Māori o te Kotahitanga tērā i tīmata ake i te tau 1893 ki te marae o Waipatu ki Heretaunga.
"On their flag is a Māori man standing; one unit to the North Island and one unit to the Waipounamu – this is the flag of Māui, the great ancestor of the Māori, who fished the land that is here.","Kei runga i tō rātou haki ko te tangata Māori e tū ana; ko tētahi wae ki Te Ika-a-Māui me tētahi wae ki Te Waipounamu – koinei te haki a Māui, te tipuna ruanuku o te Māori, nāna i hī ake te ikawhenua e takoto nei."
"In 1897 when the visitors entered the parliament of the Kotahitanga, they decided to hold a reception.","I te tau 1897 i te kuhunga o ngā manuhiri ki roto i te pāremata o te Kotahitanga, ka whakatau rātou ki te haka pōwhiri."
The haka team is waving 'European flags'.,Ko tā te kapa haka he piupiu i ngā ‘haki Pākehā’.
"There are four flags in the marae: the 'Treaty of Waitangi flag' (probably the Assembly flag), Rongopai below that, Māui below that and Paora Pōtangaroa at the very bottom.","Tokowhā ngā haki o te marae: ko ‘te haki o te Tiriti o Waitangi’ (ko te haki Whakaminenga pea), ko Rongopai ki raro iho, ko Māui ki raro iho i tērā me tō Pāora Pōtangaroa ki raro rawa."
There is a photo showing parliament sitting in 1897 with the Union Flag.,Tērā tētahi whakaahua e whakaatu ana i te noho o te pāremata i te tau 1897 me te Haki Uniana.
Page 5.,Whārangi 5.
Flags and Flags,Ngā kūpapa me ngā haki
The Moutoa Flag,Te Haki o Moutoa
"Some Māori were neutral towards Europeans, and flags became a symbol of recognition.","Ko ētahi Māori ka kūpapa atu ki te Pākehā, ā, ka noho anō ngā haki hei tohu whakamana."
"In 1865, Mete Kīngi Te Rangi Paetahi was presented with a silk flag known as the Moutoa flag.",I te tau 1865 ka takohatia ki a Mete Kīngi Te Rangi Paetahi te haki hīraka e karangatia ai ko te haki o Moutoa.
He led the Māori kupapa of Whanganui and attacked the Hauhau village on the island of Moutoa in May 1864.,Nāna i ārahi te taua kūpapa Māori o Whanganui me ngā kōkiri i te pā o ngā Hauhau ki te moutere o Moutoa i te marama o Mei 1864.
The flag costs 20 pounds and was made by the European women of Whanganui and Rangitīkei. and Manawatū i watu.,"E 20 pauna te utu o te haki nei ā, nā ngā wāhine Pākehā o Whanganui, o Rangitīkei me Manawatū i whatu."
"Above is the crown, and the folded hands of the European and Māori people who say 'Moutoa'.","Kei runga ko te karauna, me ngā ringa kōtui o te Pākehā me te Māori e kī ana ‘Moutoa’."
Noise,Tangiharuru
"The flag was also given to the Māori who fought alongside the Europeans in Te Urewera, and were named Tangiharuru, that is, an ancestor from Waikato who lived in a part of Te Urewera.","Ka takohatia hoki te haki ki ngā Māori i whawhai i te taha o te Pākehā ki roto o Te Urewera, ā, ka tapaina ko Tangiharuru, arā, he tipuna i ahu mai i Waikato i noho ki tētahi wāhanga o te Urewera."
"This flag was challenged with ammunition, and some Māori say that its power saved 30 soldiers from a thousand Hauhau.","I werowerohia te haki nei ki te kāriri, ā, e kī ana ētahi Māori nā tōna mana i wawao ngā hōia 30 mai i ngā Hauhau kotahi mano te rahi."
Kahui Ariki and flags,Kāhui Ariki me ngā haki
"In the 1860s, Queen Victoria presented the flag of Te Rakau in Mataahu to the Ngāti Porou fisherman, Rāpata Wahawaha.","I ngā tau o 1860 ka takoha a Kuini Wikitōria i te haki o Te Rakau i Mataahu ki te kaingārahu o Ngāti Porou, ki a Rāpata Wahawaha."
"In 1901 the chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa Te Heuheu again sent a flag to King Erueti, and he accepted it and returned it to Te Heuheu.","I te tau 1901 ka tukuna anō e te rangatira o Ngāti Tūwharetoa e Te Heuheu tētahi haki ki a Kīngi Erueti, ā, he mea whakaae e ia, ā, ka whakahokia ki a Te Heuheu."
The following year the Prince of Wales presented the Union Flag to the governor of New Zealand to be sent to Te Arawa.,I te tau o muri mai ka takohatia e te Pirinihi o Wera te Haki Uniana ki te kāwana o Aotearoa kia tukuna ki a Te Arawa.
Te Arawa also had a Union Flag sent by the Duke of Edinburgh in 1870.,I a Te Arawa anō tētahi Haki Uniana i tukuna e te Tiuka o Etinapara i te tau 1870.
Red signal,Te tohu whero
"From the beginning of the 19th century, the Māori began to display a red flag on the marae with the names of their ancestors, marae, iwi and waka.","Mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900 ka tīmata te whakaari a te Māori i te haki whero ki runga marae me ngā ingoa o ō rātou tīpuna, marae, iwi, waka hoki."
This tradition was started by Governor Hori Gray when he donated these flags to the new marae.,Nā Kāwana Hōri Kerei tēnei tikanga i tīmata i tāna takoha i ēnei haki ki ngā marae hou.
"These flags were already restricted to commercial ships, but the law allowed them to be sent to the mainland, adding words in the Māori language.","He mea rāhui kē ēnei haki mō ngā kaipuke hoko, engari nā te ture i whakaae kia tukuna ki te tuawhenua, me te tāpiri kupu mā ki te reo Māori."
Araitheuru,Āraiteuru
Tame Parata launched the flag of Áraiteuru at Phuket in 1903.,Ka whakarewaina e Tame Parata te haki o Āraiteuru ki Puketeraki i Ōtepoti i te tau 1903.
Parata was the Member of Parliament for Tai Tonga.,Ko Parata te mema Pāremata mō te Tai Tonga.
The water will be released with the Kaikorai Band playing 'God save the king'.,Ka tukuna te waipū i runga i te whakatangi o te Pēne Parāhe o Kaikorai i a ‘God save the king’.
Āraiteuru was a monster who led one of the ancestral boats from Hawaiki to New Zealand.,"He taniwha a Āraiteuru, nāna i ārahi mai tētahi o ngā waka tīpuna mai i Hawaiki ki Aotearoa."
The upper side is white and the lower side is black.,"He mā te taha whakarunga, he pango te taha whakararo."
"On the white section is the warship with the crew, and the commander in front is counting the stores and mail.","Kei runga i te wāhanga mā ko te waka taua me ngā kaihoe, ā, ko te kaihautū kei mua e taki ana i ngā toa me te mere."
This is a symbol of the cargo brought by Aariteuru.,He tohu tēnei mō ngā utanga i mauria mai e Āraiteuru.
In the white section is the name of Áraiteuru.,Kei te wāhanga mā ko te ingoa o Āraiteuru.
Page 6.,Whārangi 6.
Objections,Ngā mautohe
Protest groups,Ngā rōpū mautohe
"From the 1970s protest groups displayed their flags as a sign of protest, and were commonly seen on Waitangi Day.","Mai i te tekau tau 1970 ka whakaaturia e ngā rōpū mautohe ō rātou haki hei tohu porotēhi, ā, ka kitea nuitia ki te rā o Waitangi."
"Some flags that are used are the Kotahitanga flag, the Te Whakamininga flag, the Tino Rangatiratanga flag, and that of the Tūhoe Autonomous Region.","Ko ētahi haki ka whakamahia ko te haki o te Kotahitanga, ko te haki o Te Whakaminenga, ko te haki Tino Rangatiratanga, me tērā o te Mana Motuhake o Tūhoe."
Sovereignty,Tino rangatiratanga
"The independence flag originated in 1989, from the protest group of Te Kawariki.","I takea mai te haki tino rangatiratanga i te tau 1989, i te rōpū mautohe o Te Kawariki."
"Hiraina Marsden, Jan Dobson and Linda Munn won the competition.",Nā Hiraina Marsden rātou ko Jan Dobson ko Linda Munn i toa i te whakataetae.
The last draft was published on Waitangi Day in 1990.,I whakaputaina te tauira whakamutunga ki te Rā o Waitangi i te tau 1990.
"The black part represents Te Korekore, the white part represents Te Ao Marama.","Ko te wāhanga pango ka tohu mō Te Korekore, ko te wāhanga mā ko Te Ao Mārama."
"The red part is Te Whei Ao, Papatūānuku itself.","Ko te wāhanga whero ko Te Whei Ao, ko Papatūānuku tonu."
Koru is a symbol of life.,Ko te koru he tohu mō te koiora.
Māori flag option,Kōwhiringa haki Māori
In the months of July and August 2009 there was an election for a national Māori flag.,I ngā marama o Hūrae me Ākuhata i te tau 2009 ka tū te kōwhiringa mō tētahi haki Māori ā-motu.
"There were four flags to choose from: the New Zealand flag, the New Zealand red flag, the Commonwealth flag and the sovereign flag.","E whā ngā haki i noho hei kōwhiringa: ko te haki o Aotearoa, ko te haki whero o Aotearoa, ko te haki o te Whakaminenga me te haki tino rangatiratanga."
"There were more than 1,200 submissions, and more than 80 percent chose the sovereign flag.","Neke atu i te 1,200 ngā tukunga, ā, neke atu i te 80 ōrau ka kōwhiri i te haki tino rangatiratanga."
"On Waitangi Day in 2010, the flag was flown at important places in New Zealand, such as the Auckland-Macauarau Bridge, the Parliament, Te Papa and Auckland Airport.","I te Rā o Waitangi i te tau 2010 ka rere te haki ki ngā wāhi nui o Aotearoa, pērā i te Piriti Nui o Tāmaki-makaurau, i te Paremata, i Te Papa me Tāmaki Paenga Hira."