Claim: Bosnia and Herzegovina is a place.

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina -LRB- Bosnian , Croatian and Serbian : Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine , Cyrillic script : Федерација Босне и Херцеговине -LSB- federǎːt͡sija bôsneː i xěrt͡segoʋineː -RSB- -RRB- is one of the two political entities that compose Bosnia and Herzegovina , the other being Republika Srpska . The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 10 autonomous cantons with their own governments . It is inhabited primarily by Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats , which is why it is sometimes informally referred to as the Bosniak-Croat Federation -LRB- with the Bosnian Serbs as the third constituency of the entity -RRB- . It is sometimes known by the shorter name Federation of B&H -LRB- Federacija BiH -RRB- .   The Federation was created by the 1994 Washington Agreement , which ended the part of the conflict whereby Bosnian Croats fought with Bosniaks . It established a constituent assembly that continued its work until October 1996 . The Federation has a capital , government , president , parliament , customs and police departments , two postal systems and an airline -LRB- BH Airlines -RRB- . It had its own army , the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , which was merged with the Army of the Republika Srpska to form the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The capital and largest city is Sarajevo with 438,443 inhabitants and the total population of 688,354 in its metropolitan area .