Claim: Jean-Martin Charcot was a scientist.

Neurology -LRB- from νεῦρον , neuron , and the suffix  - λογία - logia `` study of '' -RRB- is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system . Neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous system -LRB- and its subdivisions , the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system -RRB- ; including their coverings , blood vessels , and all effector tissue , such as muscle . Neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neuroscience , which is the scientific study of the nervous system .   A neurologist is a physician specializing in neurology and trained to investigate , or diagnose and treat neurological disorders . Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research , clinical trials , and basic or translational research . While neurology is a non-surgical specialty , its corresponding surgical specialty is neurosurgery .   There is significant overlap between the fields of neurology and psychiatry , with the boundary between the two disciplines and the conditions they treat being somewhat nebulous .