Claim: Maria Sharapova tested positive for a substance that has been banned by an organization.

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen , for example urine , hair , blood , breath , sweat , or oral fluid/saliva -- to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites . Major applications of drug testing include detection of the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport , employers screening for drugs prohibited by law -LRB- such as cannabis , cocaine and heroin -RRB- and police officers testing for the presence and concentration of alcohol -LRB- ethanol -RRB- in the blood commonly referred to as BAC -LRB- blood alcohol content -RRB- . BAC tests are typically administered via a breathalyzer while urinalysis is used for the vast majority of drug testing in sports and the workplace .   A drug test may also refer to a test that provides quantitative chemical analysis of an illegal drug , typically intended to help with responsible drug use .