jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19 Impact on Older Adults: The Voices of Social Workers

Heightened anti-Asian racism and hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted older adults and the social workers who supported them. Yet, the experiences of Asian and Asian American (AAA) social workers are unknown. This study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of social workers focusing on the aging population during the anti-Asian racism climate and the COVID-19 pandemic. Guided by a qualitative approach, seventeen AAA social workers participated in semi-structured interviews. Based on thematic analysis, the following themes were identified: concerns about safety and discrimination, perceived service and support needs for older adults, and perceived generational gaps in advocacy. Social work practice, policy, and research implications are discussed.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Developing teachers' personal knowledge management competencies through integrating e-learning activities in learning study course

The paper explores how Learning Study, a collaborative action research approach, can be integrated with eLearning activities to enhance personal knowledge management (PKM) competencies of pre-service teachers for effective instructional design and assessment for learning. PKM competencies are conceptualized as knowledge retrieving, organizing, analyzing and collaborative skills for effective learning. The study adopts Cheng’s (2011) PKM model to proposal a curriculum for developing teacher’s PKM skills through a teaching development project conducted in The Hong Kong Institute of Education. A Solomon four group quasi-experimental research design was adopted to collect data from pre and posttest of PKM measurement from the participants of the Learning Study course. All items were measured using a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Another professional study course is set as the control group. Lesson observation and qualitative interviews were conducted to evaluate the development of the pre-service teacher. The effectiveness of the e-learning activities, the use of PKM tools and the collaborative action research approach were evaluated. Results showed that integrating learning activities in the Learning Study course had impacts on the retrieving, organizing, analyzing skills for instructional design and student assessment. A set of learning activities for planning the PKM curriculum could be articulated from the result of this study. For example, access databases and websites for information retrieval; operate electronic tools for information integration to design lesson plans; use spreadsheet and statistical software for data and information analysis to assess student learning problems; use collaborative PKM tools to support both synchronous and asynchronous communication for the purpose of collective learning; and construct knowledge that is based on an appropriate understanding of the nature of data, sound inference, and an understanding of potentially meaningful relationships within a data set. To support the sustainable development of teachers as professionals in the knowledge society, teacher education institutions should integrate PKM tools, e-learning activities and collaborative action research into the pre-service teacher education curriculum. This could be of significant assistance to pre-service teachers in retrieving, organizing, analyzing and collaborating around information across all disciplines. If teacher education institutions really want to fully engage pre-service teachers with a professional and lifelong learning process, they should develop pre-service teachers’ PKM competency by making PKM tools available.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Biosafety Oversight and Compliance: What do you Mean, I have to Fill Out Another Form?!

Abstract This unit is an overview of biosafety compliance and oversight in the United States. Specific attention is given to the oversight of the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) and how the purview of the IBC may overlap with other local committees, such as the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for animal research and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for research on human subjects. Requirements for the Federal Select Agent Program and Dual Use Research of Concern (DURC) are also briefly reviewed for those working with materials and experiments covered under these regulations. This unit serves as a guide for new and established investigators who are navigating the regulatory world and how regulatory oversight applies to their research. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

Topic: Animal testing and alternatives
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Transformative use and user generated content - Integrating new paradigms of creativity in copyright law

The authors outline the legal situation in regard to user generated content (UGC) in European and international copyright law and proceed to further examine the example of German law. This is of particular interest because German law contains a doctrine of so-called free use, which would allow, on principle, appropriate dealing with derivative or transformative works in the context of UGC. However, it is doubtful whether this doctrine is compliant with the strict framework of exceptions to copyright law in the European InfoSoc-Directive. The German reference to the CJEU in the case Metall auf Metall might provide for future clarification. In this context, the authors argue in favour of the development of a 'free use' doctrine in European case law de lege lata. In particular, such doctrine seems indispensable in order to fairly balance the involved fundamental rights in the UGC sector. Also, moral rights will have to be considered when regulating the field of UGC. The authors further consider innovative solutions de lege ferenda, such as the example of the new Canadian exception for UGC. As a result, they argue for a general flexibilisation of the closed shop catalogue of possible exceptions to copyright by reforming the European InfoSoc Directive. Such legislative reform would also have to take the UGC sector into account, preferably by way of a targeted remunerated exception and certain subjective rights of creative users instead of a mere defence.

Topic: Copyright and Intellectual Property
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Immunological Functions of Oxidized Human Immunoglobulin G in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Its Potential Role in Diabetic Smokers as a Biomarker of Elevated Oxidative Stress

The role of oxidized immunoglobulin G in type 1 diabetic smokers has been investigated in the present study. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The binding characteristics of circulating autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes patients against native and modified IgG were assessed by direct binding ELISA. High degree of specific binding by 68.5% of patients sera towards ROS-modified IgG was observed in comparison to its native analogue ( p &lt; 0.05). In addition, diabetic smokers ( n = 28) were examined and the results were compared with diabetic non-smokers ( n = 26). Circulating antibodies of diabetic smokers showed substantially stronger binding to modified IgG as compared with the antibodies present in diabetic non-smokers ( p &lt; 0.05). Normal human sera ( n = 53) showed negligible binding with either antigen. Competitive inhibition ELISA reiterates the direct binding results. The increase in total serum protein carbonyl levels in the diabetic smokers was largely due to an increase in oxidized IgG. Diabetic smokers showed substantially higher carbonyl contents in sera as well as in purified IgG as compared with sera and IgG of diabetic non-smokers. Collectively, the oxidation of plasma proteins, especially IgG, might enhance oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes smokers.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Intermittent Lighting for Night-Break and the Light Quality on Floral Inhibition in Chrysanthemum

キクの暗期中断における間欠照明の花芽分化抑制に対する有効性を赤色光（以下R光と略す）および赤色光 + 遠赤色光（以下R + FR光と略す）を用いて検証した．同一照射時間帯（22:00～2:00） で連続照明と間欠照明を比較したところ，R光およびR + FR光ともにDuty比が低下するにつれて花芽分化抑制効果が低下した．またR光の連続照明とDuty比0.5で積算の放射照度を連続照明に対して1.0および0.5に設定した間欠照明の効果を比較したところ，1.0区は連続照明と同等であったが，0.5区は連続照明に比較して効果が劣った．このことから，本実験ではキクの同一時間帯での連続照明に対する間欠照明の優位性は確認できなかった．次に，同一積算照射時間において短時間の連続光（18分） と間欠により3時間に照射時間帯を拡張した間欠照明を比較した場合では，R光は間欠照明の効果が認められなかったが，R + FR光では連続照明に比較して間欠照明の花芽分化抑制効果が高くなった．これは短時間照明（18分） の場合，R + FR光の連続照明は，R + FR光によるフィトクロムの低Pfrレベルにより，暗期中断の効果が低下することによると考えられた．また，連続照明の時間帯を変えることで暗期中断の効果が変化したことから，同一積算照射時間の場合は，キクの暗期中断に対する感度が時間帯で変化することに注意する必要があると考えられた．実際のキク電照栽培では，暗期中断の時間がR + FR光での低Pfrによる花芽分化抑制効果の低下が発現する時間よりも比較的長時間であるために，間欠電照の優位性はほとんどないと考えられた．

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Fighting for SurvivalThe War of Independence in Nagorno-Karabakh

This chapter gives an insight on the violence that spread in Armenia and narrates stories of people who survived in spite of the traumatic experience, and how they raised army against Azeri invasion. Although Armenians put up a fighting force, they always felt threatened by the Azeri troops, who, 1992, occupied almost half of Nagorno-Karabakh's territory. In response to this, Armenians launched an all-out offensive in the spring of 1993. The chapter also discusses how Russia played a key role in the war on Armenia. It appeared that Russian domination was best achieved by supporting both Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, playing one side against the other and thereby keeping them both weak.

Topic: Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of a β-Glucan-Rich Blend of Medicinal Mushrooms and Botanicals on Innate Immune Cell Activation and Function Are Enhanced by a Very Low Dose of Bovine Colostrum Peptides

Nutraceutical immune support offers potential for designing blends with complementary mechanisms of action for robust support of innate immune alertness. We documented enhanced immune activation when bovine colostrum peptides (BC-Pep) were added to an immune blend (IB) containing β-glucans from yeast, shiitake, maitake, and botanical non-β-glucan polysaccharides. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with IB, BC-Pep, and IB + BC-Pep for 20 h, whereafter expression of the activation marker CD69 was evaluated on NK cells, NKT cells, and T cells. Cytokine levels were tested in culture supernatants. PBMCs were co-cultured with K562 target cells to evaluate T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. IB + BC-Pep triggered highly significant increases in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, above that of cultures treated with matching doses of either IB or BC-Pep. NK cell and T cell activation was increased by IB + BC-Pep, reaching levels of CD69 expression several fold higher than either BC-Pep or IB alone. IB + BC-Pep significantly increased T cell-mediated cytotoxic killing of K562 target cells. This synergistic effect suggests unique amplification of signal transduction of NK cells and T cells due to modulation of IB-induced signaling pathways by BC-Pep and is of interest for further pre-clinical and clinical testing of immune defense activity against virally infected and transformed cells.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
MEKiAUTO: A phase I/II open-label study of combination therapy with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib, Immune-checkpoint blockade with atezolizumab, and the AUTOphagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine in <i>KRAS</i>-mutated advanced malignancies.

TPS450 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are aggressive diseases which account for the third and second leading causes of cancer-related death, respectively. Limited progress has been made towards effective treatments or cure. K RAS is mutated or amplified in nearly 30% of all cancers, including up to 95% of PDAC and 45% of CRC. Although no successful KRAS directed therapy has been approved to date, data has emerged demonstrating that inhibition of downstream targets of KRAS, namely MEK/ERK, increases autophagic flux in KRAS-mutated tumors. This catabolic process is used by many tumors to maintain viability and recent preclinical studies have shown that combining MEK/ERK and autophagy inhibitors in KRAS-mutated tumors can synergistically suppress cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of autophagy has demonstrated an increase in antigen presentation which sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Presented here is a trial-in-progress that will evaluate combination of cobimetinib (MEK inhibitor), atezolizumab (anti-PDL1), and hydroxychloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) in KRAS-mutated advanced malignancies. Methods: This is a phase 1/2 multicenter, open-label study of combination cobimetinib (40-60mg) orally once daily on days 1-21, hydroxychloroquine (600mg) orally twice daily on days 1-28, and atezolizumab 840 mg IV on days 1 and 15 of each 28 day cycle. Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic or unresectable KRAS-mutant adenocarcinoma for which standard curative or meaningful life-prolonging treatment options do not exist or are no longer effective will be enrolled. The primary objective of the phase I portion of this trial, which seeks to enroll 18 patients, is to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of these agents using a two-stage time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM). The primary objective of the phase II portion of this trial, which seeks to enroll approximately 66-157 patients, is to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of this combination, based on the objective response by 16 weeks. Secondary endpoints include PFS, OS, and safety. Correlative aims include analyses of pre- and on-treatment biopsies with quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence, RNA-sequencing, reverse phase protein array for association with clinical benefit and to determine mechanisms of action/resistance. An interim analysis will be performed at the conclusion of the phase I portion of the study. This study is open with 4 patients enrolled at the time of submission. Clinical trial information: NCT04214418 . This trial is being conducted as part of the imCORE collaboration. Clinical trial information: NCT04214418.

Topic: Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Changes in smoking, stress, and sleep duration among Israeli hospital workers during COVID-19

Abstract Background Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among frontline health workers, have been widely noted. The aim of this study was to explore smoking behaviour changes and associations with perceived changes in stress levels and sleep duration among Israeli hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted (May-June, 2020) among employees of a large tertiary medical centre. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, smoking status, perceptions of risk for COVID-19 infection and disease severity, presence of a chronic illness, COVID-19 exposure and infection status, involvement in treating COVID-19 patients, changes in stress levels, sleep duration, and in smoking behaviour during the pandemic. Multi-nominal logistic regression modelling assessed the effect of covariates on smoking behaviour changes. Results More than half (59%) of the 920 respondents, reported an increase in stress levels, and 28% reported changes in sleep duration. One-third (35%) of current smokers (n = 132) reported smoking more during COVID-19. Increased smoking was associated with increased stress (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.2-9.4). In addition, a significant association was demonstrated between an increase in sleeping hours and a decrease in smoking (OR = 6.62, 95% CI 1.2-32). The negative association between changes in smoking and sleep duration was strongest among smokers who reported perceived levels of stress to be the same or slightly higher than pre-COVID-19. Conclusions The mental health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically for health workers, include negative changes in smoking behaviours and sleep patterns. Mental health support for health workers should address smoking behaviours alongside stress-management skills and coping strategies. Lessons learned from the current pandemic should guide us as the world prepares for a future health crisis. Key messages Increased stress was linked with increased smoking among Israeli hospital workers during COVID-19. Mental health support should target smoking together with offering stress-management skills.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Daňové zvýhodnění při střídavé péči o dítě

The paper discusses the issue of alternating custody under Czech law both from the point of view of civil law and especially from the point of view of tax law. The author focuses especially on the gaps in law pertaining to the tax benefits available to parents having alternating custody of their children and presents some recommendations de lege ferenda. The article also focuses on the issue of single-household custody and the resulting private law and tax law consequences.

Topic: Taxation and Legal Issues
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Pom121 links two essential subcomplexes of the nuclear pore complex core to the membrane

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) control the movement of molecules across the nuclear envelope (NE). We investigated the molecular interactions that exist at the interface between the NPC scaffold and the pore membrane. We show that key players mediating these interactions in mammalian cells are the nucleoporins Nup155 and Nup160. Nup155 depletion massively alters NE structure, causing a dramatic decrease in NPC numbers and the improper targeting of membrane proteins to the inner nuclear membrane. The role of Nup155 in assembly is likely closely linked to events at the membrane as we show that Nup155 interacts with pore membrane proteins Pom121 and NDC1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the N terminus of Pom121 directly binds the β-propeller regions of Nup155 and Nup160. We propose a model in which the interactions of Pom121 with Nup155 and Nup160 are predicted to assist in the formation of the nuclear pore and the anchoring of the NPC to the pore membrane.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHAOS THEORY, GLOBAL SYSTEMIC CHANGE, AND HYBRID WARS

The global system is being rocked by the dueling ambitions of two competing blocs, with the US and its allies fighting to reinforce their unipolar system while Russia and its partners struggle to forge a multipolar future. The rapidity and scope with which events are unfolding makes it overwhelming for the casual observer to make sense of all of the complex processes currently at play, and truth be told, it’s understandable that all of this can appear confusing. In an attempt to clarify the present state of global affairs and forecast the direction that it’s all headed in, the article begins by explaining the nature of chaos theory and describing how it’s applicable to conceptualizing contemporary international relations. Afterwards, the idea of “chaos sequencing” is proposed, which in essence is a model that can be used in understanding the process of chaotic change. Following that, the article addresses the topic of global systemic change and includes the most relevant examples for how this relates to the present day. Next, the research combines these two aforementioned elements (chaos theory and global systemic change) and presents a forward-looking geopolitical analysis that incorporates cutting-edge Hybrid War theory and aims to put the New Cold War into its proper perspective. Finally, the article ends on a suggestive note in encouraging analysts to study the authors’ conceptualization of Hybrid War in order to better prepare themselves for understanding and responding to forthcoming international events.

Topic: European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effects Of Green Products, Price Perception And Attitude On Purchase Intention of Sustainable Fashion

Objective : The issue of environmental damage caused by clothing garbage accumulation, which highlights the importance of focusing on businesses that prioritize the environment and sustainability, which need to be enhanced in today's economy. This study aims to analyze the effect of Green Products, Price Perceptions, Environmental Attitudes on Buying Interests of Senaleen clothing products. Methodology : The population in this study were Senaleen Instagram followers, who are concerned about the environment and know the Senaleen brand. Sampling method using Purposive Sampling. The data collection method uses a survey method, with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is Partial Least Square. Finding : Green Products have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. Price Perception has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. Environmental Attitudes do not have a significant effect on Purchase Intention.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Career–family strategies and spatial mobility among South Korean women scholars

This paper examines the mobility of female South Korean scholars and their career–family strategies for negotiating their relationships. Despite the importance of the relations and social capital of workers, previous studies on the mobility of highly skilled professionals have overlooked their social and personal relationships. South Korean women scholars consider not only career opportunities but also familial relations in the process of migration decision-making. To negotiate their relationships, they adopt strategies to build and maintain their relations at various geographic levels. Their strategies for making networks are complex and vary according to career, personal and familial goals.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Terrorism – Prisons and Risk Management

Coping with Islamist and right-wing terrorism and extremism requires a holistic approach. This paper examines the role of prisons on two levels in this context: as part of the state risk management, i.e. the role of prisons in the security architecture on the one hand, and risk management in prisons on the other hand. By highlighting the importance of an individualised perspective on the incarcerated persons bearing in mind the heterogeneity of the phenomenon, the paper also intends to raise interest beyond the purely dogmatic issues and to include the perspective of prisons in the discussion on how to deal with terrorism and extremism.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences