jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract Wed053: Cardiomyocyte-Specific Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 Deletion Leads to Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction Independent of Blood Pressure Effects

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality. Protein kinase G1 (PKG1) activation improves HF outcomes but often causes hypotension. Identifying blood pressure (BP)-independent PKG1 effectors could offer new therapeutic targets. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) is a novel PKG1a substrate, and whole-body MLK3 knockout mice develop more severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after transaortic constriction but also have hypertension. The cardiac myocyte (CM) and BP-independent effects of MLK3 remain unclear. Hypothesis: MLK3 kinase function in the CM opposes basal pathological LV remodeling and dysfunction independent of BP. Methods: Male and female 3- and 6-month-old CM-specific MLK3 deletion (CMKO, n=12) and control MLK3 intact (MLK3 fl/fl Cre-, n=11) littermate mice were studied. Wild type (WT) mice were injected with MLK3 kinase inhibitor URMC-099 or vehicle for 2 weeks (10mg/kg 2x/day, n=4 per group). Echocardiography, organ masses, and LV hemodynamics were measured. We performed phosphoproteomics from the above groups to examine MLK3 kinase-dependent and CM-specific signaling. Results: At 3 months, LV dP/dt was reduced in CMKO males, while dP/dt and dP/dt min were reduced in females, compared with MLK3 intact. At 6 months, CMKO mice exhibited increased LV/tibia length, heart weight/tibia length , and end-diastolic dimension, along with reduced ejection fraction, dP/dt, dP/dt min, and contractile index in females. Notably, BP was not increased in MLK3 CMKO mice. MLK3 kinase inhibition decreased ejection fraction in females, compared with vehicle. MLK3 protein expression was unchanged between WT males and females at 3 and 6 months. Principal component analysis of phosphoproteomic data revealed distinct protein expression and phosphorylation patterns between MLK3 CMKO and MLK3-inhibited groups. Conclusion: CM-specific MLK3 deletion and systemic MLK3 kinase inhibition lead to pathological LV remodeling and dysfunction independent of BP effects, particularly in females, supporting a requirement of intact MLK3 kinase function for normal cardiac function. These findings, combined with the observed phosphoproteomic changes suggest that modulating MLK3 or MLK3-dependent signaling could improve LV function in HF.

Topic: Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Utilization of Alcohols for the Dehydration of Magnesium Chloride

Two processes are proposed for preparing anhydrous magnesium chloride by use of alcohols. Some alcohols can replace water to form coordinates with MgCl2, and make the dehydration of magnesium chloride much easler. The possibility of dehydration by alcohol distillation is discussed, and n-butanol was found to be the preferred solvent. For the system MgCl2–H2O–C4H9OH, the relations between temperature and liquid-gas compositions were investigated. Under optimum conditions, almost all the water can be removed by butanol distillation. After finally evaporating butanol, anhydrous magnesium chloride was obtained at a low level of MgO. Another process proposed is the preparation of anhydrous magnesium chloride from carnallite by alcohol leaching. The dehydration of carnallite (MgCl2·KCl·6H2O) is much easler than MgCl2·6H2O, but anhydrous carnallite used as bath feed will cause the accumulation of alkaline chlorides. In the present study, the solubilitles of the relevant chlorides in alcohols were determined. Because the solubilitles of MgCl2 and KCl or NaCl are very different, they can be separated from each other by alcohol leaching. Thus, anhydrous carnallite was treated with ethanol to dissolve MgCl2, leaving KCl and NaCl in the residue. Then the solution was heated to remove all the alcohol, the anhydrous MgCl2 obtained containing MgCl2 99.62% MgO 0.18% KCl 0.03% and others 0.14%. Résumé Deux procédés sont proposés pour la préparation de chlorure de magnésium anhydre au moyen d’alcools. Certains alcools peuvent remplacer l'eau pour former des liaisons avec MgCl2 et favoriser la déshydration du chlorure de magnésium. La possibilité de déshydration par la distillation de l'alcool est discutée et le solvant préféré s'avère être le n-butanol. Pour le système MgCl2–H2O–C4H9OH, les relations entre les températures et les compositions liquide–gaz ont été étudlées. Dans les meilleures conditions, presque toute l'eau peut être retirée par la distillation au butanol. Après l'evaporation du butanol, le chlorure de magnésium anhydre est obtenu avec de faibles teneurs en MgO. Un autre procédé proposé consiste en la préparation de chlorure de magnesium anhydre à partir de Carnollite lassivée par l'alcool. La déhydration de la Carnollite (MgCl2–KCl·6H2O) est beaucoup plus aisée que celLe de MgCl2–6H2O bien que la Carnollite anhydre utilisée à l'entrée du bain puisse causer des accumulations de chlorures alcalins. Dans l'etude actuelle, les solubilites des chlorures utilisables dans les alcools ont été déterminees. Puisque les solubilités de MgCl2, KCl et NaCl sont très differentes, il est possible de séparer ces sels par lessivage dans l'alcool. La Carnollite anhydre a donc été traitée au moyen d'éthanol afin de dissoudre MgCl2, laissant des résidus de KCl et NaCl. La solution a ensuite été chauffée pour evaporer l'alcool, donnant un MgCl2 anhydre dont la composition exacte est: 99.62% MgCl2, 0.18% MgO, 0.03% KCl et 0.14% d'impuretés.

Topic: Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Examination of wheat gluten by partial solubility methods. II.—Partition by dilute formic acid

Abstract When gluten is treated with dilute acid, swelling of the gelatinous component occurs with concomitant diffusion from the gel of the more soluble proteins. This process is independent of the partition by organic solvent described in Part I and the two processes may be applied consecutively in either order with substantially the same result. The resulting three fractions have been examined by viscosimetric and electrophoretic methods. The possible structure of gluten in terms of these fractions is discussed.

Topic: Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The landscape identity of rural settlements: Turkey’s Aegean Region

This research presents a methodology for assessing the landscape identity of rural settlements. The methodology evaluates landscape identity parameters as descriptive units and analyses landscape identity according to natural, built, socioeconomic, and sociocultural parameters at various scales. Turkey’s Aegean Region was selected as a case study for the research because of its rich rural pattern created by the combination of diverse geomorphology, a unique rural architectural character, climatic conditions, the rural economy, and sociocultural structures. The research presents several findings related to physical landscape identity. In addition, it shows important aspects of rural settlements through the lens of landscape identity and highlights the importance of identity-based approaches for sustainable rural development.

Topic: Agricultural and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Modulation frequency and modulation level owing to vocal microtremor

Vocal microtremor designates a normal slow modulation of the vocal cycle lengths of speakers who do not suffer from pathological tremor of the limbs and whose voices are not perceived as tremulous. Vocal microtremor is therefore distinct from pathological vocal tremor. The objective is to report data about the modulation frequency and modulation level owing to vocal microtremor. The modulation data have been obtained for vowels [a], [i], and [u] sustained by normophonic and mildly dysphonic male and female speakers. The results are the following. First, modulation frequencies and relative modulation levels do not differ significantly for male and female speakers, normophonic and mildly dysphonic speakers, as well as for vowel timbres [a], [i], and [u]. Second, the typical interquartile intervals of the modulation frequency and modulation level are equal to 2.0–4.7 Hz and 0.4%–1.3%, respectively. Third, dissimilarities between data reported by different studies are due to different cutoff frequencies below which spectral peaks are considered not to contribute to vocal microtremor.

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Landslide susceptibility mapping using a logistic regression approach: a case study in Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado

A landslide is defined as a mass-wasting process of soil, rock or debris that moves downslope (U.S. Geological Survey, 2004). Landslides can occur on any terrain if the geomorphic, geological, and hydrological conditions are right. Landslides can cause significant property damage and even fatalities. Located in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado Springs has proved to be highly susceptible to landslides. In summer 2015, approximately 200 homes were destroyed due to natural hazards including landslides in the area (FEMA, 2015). Efforts to quantify accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps by failure mechanism in Colorado Springs have been limited, thus warranting this study. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a geology-slope logistic regression (logit) model used to create landslide susceptibility maps. The inputs of the geology-slope logit model include only more readily available geology and topography data. To assess the effectiveness of this geology-slope logit model, a borehole-slope logit model that includes cohesion, friction angle, unit weight, groundwater depths, and topography was also developed. The two models were applied to study landslide susceptibility in a six square mile area of southwestern Colorado Springs. The results of both models were compared and evaluated for their accuracy by using a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve method. The landslide susceptibility maps are specific to failure mechanisms present in the study area including circular failures within the colluvium deposits, circular failures within the weathered shale and planar failures within the weathered shale. The landslide susceptibility maps were produced for each failure mechanism present in the study area. The results show that the geology-slope model yields an ROC ranging from 53% to 62%, and the borehole-slope model yields an ROC ranging from 52% to 79%. The borehole-slope model outperformed the geology-slope model for circular failures in the colluvium deposits and planar failures within the weathered shale. The geology-slope model had a more successful ROC curve accuracy than the borehole-slope model for circular failures within the weathered shale. In addition, the results indicate that geology was the significant input in the geology-slope model, while soil strength parameters were the significant input for the borehole-slope model. In summary, the logit models developed in this study were used to create failure-mechanism-specific landslide susceptibility maps, which have not been done in previous studies for the Colorado Springs area. The landslide susceptibility maps produced in this study provide insights for prioritizing areas of additional field investigation. The geology-slope model can be easily and rapidly applied to other study areas since both geologic and topographic information are readily available.

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ground-breaking Theory of Knowledge Representation Practices for Information Sharing in IT Organization

Sharing information has become very important in the proper use of information assets, and the reason for this is that sharing information can be considered the most important part of an organization because information from organizations must be transferred and participated in order to be known and understood, wherein a clear and unambiguous information is considered a key criterion. To stimulate creativity, information sharing or integration is used to bring disparate pieces of knowledge together. Many current information sharing practices, such as training and development programs, IT systems, reports, official documents, and hard-working groups, are examples of integrating information. By integrating information everywhere to improve the quality of products and services, increases responsiveness to customer needs, develop new capabilities, and improve every aspect of the environment. This study reviews the ground-breaking theory behind information sharing in an organization. From the author’s perspective, this is the first study which gives a complete overview about knowledge representation.

Topic: Knowledge Management and Sharing
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Planning and Simulation of High-Voltage Energy Storage Assembly for Automotive Industry - from Scalable Product Concepts via Assembly Planning and Material Flow Simulation through to Web-Based Assembly Information

Driven by the demand for green mobility alternatives and the claim to reduce the carbon footprint, technologies for electric mobility are on the advance. Although the idea of using electricity as drive energy came up more than 150 years ago, a considerable potential of development still remains. The automotive industry is in the midst of a time of transition, in which business may change fundamentally in order to meet the upcoming conditions.

Topic: Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PTEN immunohistochemistry in endometrial hyperplasia: which are the optimal criteria for the diagnosis of precancer?

Guidelines recommend protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) immunohistochemistry for differentiating between benign endometrial hyperplasia (BEH) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (AEH/EIN). However, it is unclear when PTEN expression should be defined as ‘lost’ and thus suggestive of AEH/EIN. We aimed to determine the optimal immunohistochemical criteria to define PTEN loss in endometrial hyperplasia, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in both BEH and AEH/EIN specimens. PTEN status (‘loss’ or ‘presence’) was the index test; histological diagnosis (‘AEH/EIN’ or ‘BEH’) was the reference standard. Accuracy was quantified based on the area under the curve (AUC) on summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, for several different thresholds of PTEN expression. Eighteen studies with 1362 hyperplasias were included. Six different criteria to define PTEN loss were assessed. Low diagnostic accuracy was found for complete loss of expression (AUC = 0.71), presence of any null gland (AUC = 0.63), positive cells &lt;10% (AUC = 0.64), positive cells &lt;50% (AUC = 0.71) and moderate‐to‐null intensity (AUC = 0.64). Barely moderate diagnostic accuracy was only found for the subjective criterion ‘weak‐to‐null intensity’ (AUC = 0.78). Therefore, the clinical usefulness of PTEN immunohistochemistry in this field should be further investigated.

Topic: Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photolithography

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Exposure Tools Image Formation and Resolution Contact and Proximity Printing Optical Mask Aligner X‐Ray Stepper Projection Printing Near UV Projection Systems Deep UV Projection Systems Nonconventional UV Lithography Post‐Optical Lithography Photoresist Processing Quality Control and Resist Deposition Purity and Storage Stability Resist Coating Resist Exposure and Development Characteristic Curve and Standing Wave Effects Process Latitudes Dissolution Rate and Development Methods Pattern Inspection and Resist Profile Simulation Etching, Resist Stripping and Planarization Photoresists Principles of Photoresist Chemistry Negative‐Tone Resists Photocrossslinking Via Azides Free‐Radical‐Initiated Polymerization Acid‐Catalyzed Crosslinking Positive‐Tone Resists Dissolution Inhibition/Dissolution Promotion Acid‐Catalyzed Deblocking Polymer Degradation Solvents for Photoresists and Main Resist Suppliers Special Photoresist Techniques Nonconventional Diazo Resist Processes Resist Profile Modification and Image Reversal Bilayer Systems for Contrast Enhancement Suppression of Reflections and Standing Wave Effects Dyed Resists Antireflective Layers Silicon‐Containing Multilayer Resists Negative‐Tone Silicon Bilayer Resists Positive‐Tone Silicon Bilayer Resists Top Surface Imaging Gas Phase Silylation Systems Liquid Phase Silylation Systems Trends in Photolithography

Topic: Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Analysis of Sinabung Volcano Eruption in Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract Indonesia is set between 3 colliding active plates, i.e. Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific Plates. The collision of those plates give rise to many volcanoes in Indonesia, some of them are active, including Sinabung volcano. Sinabung Volcano is an A type volcano with its summit reaching 2460 masl. Sinabung Volcano has been active again since 2010, and its activity has been increasing since then until its latest eruption on 19 February 2018. Its volcanic activities, including its eruption is a threat to local residents in Karo Regency, which live around the volcano. The danger of the eruption includes volcanic ash, hot ash, pyroclastic flow, lahar flow, lava flow, poisonous gas, and ejected molten rock fragments. The purpose of this research is to analyze the threat index of each sub-districts in Karo region where Sinabung volcano is located, in case it erupts someday. The method for this research is secondary data analysis which includes Administrative Map, Disaster Prone Zone Map, Land Use Map, and Population Data. Risk Analysis Table is then produced from the compilation of the data, which shows the threat index of each sub-district. The Risk Analysis Table serves a guide to develop local disaster mitigation and to educate the local residents, providing a more directed and more prepared mitigation and evacuation. Sustainable Development Goals 11, especially in indicator 11.B, strongly implies that sustainable cities &amp; communities require disaster risk reduction strategies. Based on the analysis, several sub-districts, i.e. Payung, Tiganderket, Simpang Empat, and Naman Teran are categorized as regions with high threat index.

Topic: Geological and Geophysical Studies
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermal buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded fiber-reinforced composite laminated plates

Thermal buckling and postbuckling behavior is presented for fiber-reinforced laminated plates subjected to in-plane temperature variation and resting on an elastic foundation. Two kinds of fiber-reinforced laminated plates, namely, uniformly distributed and functionally graded reinforcements, are considered. The material properties of fiber-reinforced laminated plates are based on a micromechanical model and are assumed to be temperature dependent. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation plate theory that includes plate–foundation interaction and the thermal effect. Numerical illustrations are carried out for fiber-reinforced polymer matrix and metal matrix composite laminated plates without or resting on elastic foundations. The numerical results show that the buckling temperature as well as thermal postbuckling strength of the plate can be increased as a result of functionally graded fiber reinforcements. The results reveal that the effect of functionally graded fiber reinforcements on the thermal buckling and postbuckling strength of the plate with polymer matrix is more pronounced compared to the plate with metal matrix.

Topic: Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The interaction of economic and pedagogical ideals in the context of workplace learning in Germany: a framework for empirical research – inspired by business ethics

As an effect of marketisation, the importance of workplace learning in Germany has increased. The article follows up on the long-standing discourse around the question of how economic and pedagogical ideals interact in this context. In order to develop a theoretical framework for empirical research, three major positions of the discipline of business ethics are introduced. Business ethics in more abstract ways deals with the very same question, namely how do ideas such as profit orientation interact with other norms and values? The new perspectives show that the discourse has been hitherto based on a specific understanding of economy. In order to derive an empirical answer to the research question, the question is re-formulated as follows: Which values are inherent in the decisions taken? Consequently, it suggests using the concept of ‘rationalities of justification’ for empirical research. The article shows how this concept can be applied by conducting a test run.

Topic: Ethics in Business and Education
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Moth image segmentation based on improved Unet

Moths are pests that pose a major threat to food production in China, and the monitoring and prevention of moth infestation is of great significance. To address the problems of a high diversity of moths with minor differences and difficult identification, a semantic segmentation network based on depthwise separable convolution, attention mechanism, pyramid pooling—Depthwise Squeeze-and-Excitation Pyramid network (DSEPNet)—was proposed. The network to extract texture features and wing edge information of moths was enhanced based on the optimization of the model of channel attention mechanism on UNet. The computational speed of the model was increased and the number of parameters of the model was reduced based on the improvement in depthwise separable convolution. A pyramid pooling module was added between the encoder and decoder so that the model could input images of an arbitrary size, while enhancing its ability to learn feature information of different dimensions. DSEPNet was evaluated by ablation and contrast experiments. Compared with UNet, the accuracy, mean intersection over union (mIoU), and F1-Score of DSEPNet were improved by 2.04%, 9.14%, and 4.08%, respectively. Based on the moth dataset, compared with R2AU-Net, the mIoU of DSEPNet was improved by 3.04%. To verify the generalization of the model, comparison experiments were done on the Pascal VOC 2012 dataset. The mIoU of DSEPNet was improved by 0.51% compared with PSPNet and by 0.18% compared with DeepLabv3. Meanwhile, an automatic annotation algorithm for data sets was proposed to solve the time-consuming and laborious process of manual annotation, which can automatically generate semantic segmentation annotation files. DSEPNet can be installed on moth traps to identify moths and monitor the number and species of moths in the area.

Topic: Date Palm Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences