jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sensor Actuators

Object movement during exposure generates blur. Removing blur is challenging because one has to estimate the motion blur, which can spatially vary over the image. Even if the motion is successfully identified, blur removal can be unstable because the blur kernel attenuates high frequency image contents. We address the problem of removing blur from objects moving at constant velocities in arbitrary 2D directions. Our solution captures two images of the scene with a parabolic motion in two orthogonal directions. We show that our strategy near-optimally preserves image content, and allows for stable blur inversion. Taking two images of a scene helps us estimate spatially varying object motions. We present a prototype camera and demonstrate successful motion deblurring on real motions. 1.

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nanoporous Titania Coating of Microwell Chips for Stem Cell Culture and Analysis

Stem cell research is today an active and promising field of research. To learn more about the biology of stem cells, technical improvements are needed such as tools to study stem cells in order to characterize them further and to gain insights to the molecular regulations of their maintenance, differentiation and identification. Common procedure when studying stem cells is to coat the surface where the stem cells are to be cultured with organic materials like matri-gel, poly-L-lysine and fibronectin. The resulting coating is usually relatively fragile and it is difficult to know if the coating is evenly distributed. In addition, these forms of coatings cannot be sterilized and re-used, but must be added as an initial, time-consuming step in the daily protocol. A microwell chip with hundreds of 500 nl wells has recently been shown to be a useful tool for stem cell culturing. This platform is here modified to facilitate and improve the coating conditions for adherent cell culture. A robust and highly porous film of TiO2 is deposited in the wells prior cell seeding. TiO2 is known to be biocompatible and provides a surface that is even and well characterized, simple to produce and re-usable. Furthermore it enables the microwell chips to be stored pre-coated for longer periods of time before use. We investigated the growth of rat mesenchymal stem cells on nanoporous titania films and found that they proliferated much faster than on conventional coatings. The combination of the robust TiO2 coating of the microwell chip enables thousands of individually separated single, or clones of, stem cells to be studied simultaneously and opens up the possibility for more user-friendly cell culturing.

Topic: 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
a patterns of failure analysis

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of early-stage minimally invasive ocarcnioma in situ overall survival (35 % vs. 47%, p = 0.66). There was a trend towards lower three-year rates of freedom from distant failure in patients with any diagnosis of BAC compared to those without (26 % vs. 38%, p = 0.053). Badiyan et al. Radiation Oncology 2013, 8:4

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Kinetic properties and sites of autophosphorylation of the partially purified insulin receptor from hepatoma cells.

Autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor was studied using a glycoprotein fraction solubilized and purified partially from the rat hepatoma cell line, Fao. Incubation of this receptor preparation with [gamma-32P] ATP, Mn2+, and insulin yielded a single insulin-stimulated phosphoprotein of Mr = 95,000 which corresponds to the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor. At 22 degrees C, incorporation of 32P was half-maximal at 30 s and about 90% complete after 2 min. At steady state, about 200 pmol of 32P were incorporated per mg of protein; this value corresponded to about 2 molecules of phosphate per insulin binding site estimated from Scatchard plots. Insulin increased the Vmax for autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor kinase nearly 20-fold with no effect on the Km for ATP. Mn2+ stimulated autophosphorylation by decreasing the Km of the kinase for ATP, whereas Mg2+ had no effect. Dilution of the insulin receptor over a 10-fold concentration range did not decrease the rate of autophosphorylation suggesting that it may occur by an intramolecular mechanism. When the phosphorylated beta-subunit of the insulin receptor was digested with trypsin, at least 5 phosphopeptides could be separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a mu Bondapak C18 reverse-phase column. Insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of all sites. These phosphate acceptor sites varied in their rate and degree of phosphorylation. Phosphopeptides pp4 and pp5 were phosphorylated very rapidly and reached steady state within 20 s, whereas phosphorylation of pp1 and pp2 required several minutes to reach steady state.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Critical knowledge/skill sets required by industries: an empirical analysis

Classifies the critical knowledge/skill set according to content or domain of knowledge by means of a survey. This is conducted in accordance with what IS practitioners and educators can easily relate. The survey uses this approach and includes four broad categories of critical Information Systems (IS) knowledge/skills: IS technology knowledge/skills, organizational and societal knowledge/skills, interpersonal knowledge/skills, and personal trait knowledge/skills.

Topic: Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Residual strength at −40 °C of a precracked cold‐formed rectangular hollow section made of ultra‐high‐strength steel – an engineering approach

ABSTRACT This study investigated the residual strength of a precracked cold‐formed rectangular hollow section made of novel ultra‐high‐strength steel. The primary goal was to experimentally discover the residual strength of the structure when used in low temperature service conditions. The secondary goal was to predict the residual strength by using a J ‐integral approach with nonlinear finite element calculations and to compare these predictions with measured results. The experimental tests were carried out with a beam in four‐point bending loading. The test specimens were taken from a cold‐formed rectangular hollow section fabricated from direct quenched (untempered) ultra‐high‐strength steel S960 QC omitting the annealing in the fabrication process. The tests for final failure were carried out at −40 °C, with the exception of the first pilot test. There were two kinds of tests: (1) the beam was cyclically loaded until the final fracture or the fatigue precrack was first introduced and (2) the specimen was then subjected to a quasistatic bending loading condition until it failed. The new experimental results matched well with our predictions, and both confirmed the high toughness of ultra‐high‐strength steel in beam construction studied, even at a low ambient temperature.

Topic: Structural Load-Bearing Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance Analysis of detecting Distributed Target Under Correlated K-Distributed Clutter Background

Sliding window accumulation detector and order statistics-sliding window accumulation detector for missile-borne high-resolution radar target detection are presented in this paper.Their performance under space-time correlated K-distributed clutter background has been investigated.Under null hypothesis, the approximate probability density function expressions for the test statistics are derived, the relationship between false-alarm probability, CFAR detection threshold and clutter parameters are established, based on the theory of generalized K-distribution fitting, moment matching, valid sample size estimation of relevant data and fractional order statistics computing.Both the theoretical analyses and simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Fracture of the first rib due to a trivial accident].

A patient is presented with an isolated fracture of the first rib due to a fall from a bicycle. Although fractures of the first rib are often the result of high impact injury, these fractures may occur after trivial accidents and in several kinds of sports. The mechanism of fractures of the anterior rib in this typical localization is elucidated. The reason why serious neurovascular lesions are frequently seen in displaced posterior rib fractures caused by high impact injury is discussed.

Topic: Trauma Management and Diagnosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experimental and modeling analysis on moisture induced failures in flip chip on flex interconnections with anisotropic conductive film

This paper reports the investigations into the moisture induced failures in flip-chip-on-flex interconnections with anisotropic conductive films (ACF). Both experimental and modeling methods were applied. In the experiments, the contact resistance was used as a quality indicator and was measured continuously during the accelerated tests (autoclave tests). The temperature, relative humidity and the pressure were set at 121°C, 100%RH, 1atm respectively. The contact resistance of the ACF joints increased during the tests and nearly 25% of the joints were found to be open after 168 hours' testing time. Visible conduction gaps between the adhesive and substrate pads were observed. Cracks at the adhesive/flex interface were also found. It is believed that the swelling effect of the adhesive and the water penetration along the adhesive/flex interface are the main causes of this contact degradation. Another finding from the experimental work was that the ACF interconnections that had undergone the reflow treatment were more sensitive to the moisture and showed worse reliability during the tests. For a better understanding of the experimental results, 3D finite element (FE) models were built and a macro-micro modeling method was used to determine the moisture diffusion and moisture-induced stresses inside the ACF joints. Modeling results are consistent with the findings in the experimental work.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optical characterization of asphalt binder microstructure

This dissertation presents results of optical characterization of asphalt binder microstructure. We use noncontact optical microscopy methods to observe microstructure at the surface as well as in the bulk of asphalt binder samples. Normal incidence optical microscopy is used to image elongated, striped, surface microstructures (known as ’bees’ since they resemble bumble-bees) with comparable resolution to atomic force microscopy (AFM). Narrow band dark field optical microscopy is used to measure surface microstructure areal density and bulk microstructure volume density. Short wavelength illumination images surface microstructures, while longer wavelength near infrared (NIR) illumination penetrates into the bulk and images sub-surface microstructures. We subject the binder to temperature cycles and observe the resulting microstructure kinetics. We benchmark these optical measurements with rheometry measurements obtained from identical thermal cycles. We also use optical methods to observe surface ’bee’ microstructure variations due to interfacial tension modifications and compare these results to thin film mechanics theory

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Face‐Localized Bonding Models for Borane Cage Ligands in Transition‐Metal Coordination Chemistry

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Boron Compounds in Chemistry
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modelling capability-based risk allocation in PPPs using fuzzy integral approach

Appropriate risk allocation and sharing are significant critical success factors for public-private partnership projects, but evidence suggests that poor risk allocation practices prevail. This signifies the need to develop a robust model for assisting stakeholders in risk allocation decision-making. A non-additive fuzzy integral based multiple attribute risk allocation decision approach is proposed to effectively aggregate each stakeholder’s risk management capability assessment on accepted risk allocation principles that are derived from qualitative judgements and experience based knowledge of experts. Data collected from privately financed and developed power and transport infrastructure projects in Pakistan are used to demonstrate and validate the model for key risk factors that exhibit variable risk allocation preferences. Comparison of results with an additive aggregation approach confirms suitability of the adopted methodology as it performs better when modelling risk allocation preferences of experts due to its ability to handle interdependencies in the risk allocation criteria. Apparently, the allocation and sharing of key risks is significantly influenced by market, sector and project contexts.

Topic: Public-Private Partnership Projects
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimising MPI Applications for Heterogeneous Coupled Clusters with MetaMPICH

Cluster systems built mainly from commodity hardware components have become more and more usable for high performance computing tasks in the past few years. To increase the parallelism for applications, it is often desirable to combine those clusters to a higher lever, commonly called metacomputer. This class of high performance computing platforms can be understood as a cluster of clusters, where each cluster provides different processors, memory performance, cluster interconnect and external networking facilities. Our project called MetaMPICH provides a transparent MPI-1 implementation for those inhomogeneous cluster systems. While this feature of transparency makes porting existing MPI applications to metacomputers quite simple, the slowest network connection and the slowest processor will dominate the performance and scalability due to the lack of opacity. This paper describes our approaches to adapt iterative, grid based simulation algorithms to the structures of such heterogeneous coupled clusters.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two-dimensional binary arrays with constant sidelobe in their PACF

A survey is presented of different methods for constructing binary arrays with constant PACF sidelobes. For each method the sizes, numbers of elements, and PACF sidelobe level of the resulting binary arrays are specified. Binary arrays with vanishing sidelobes are considered in detail. Properties of the discrete Fourier transform of arrays with constant PACF sidelobes are examined. These properties are shown to be of great importance in acoustics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Antenna Design and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Whitehead's Philosophy and Quantum Mechanics (QM) A Tribute to Abner Shimony

This paper is a tribute to Abner Shimony and a continuation of my discus- sions with him. In the first part some of Whitehead's concepts, and, in particular, ac- tual entities and atemporal processes, are introduced. These are shown to correspond to the objectivized aspects of the collapse of quantum states. Next we reconcile the entanglement of quantum states with the speed of light barrier for the transmission of information by modifying Whitehead's system: We suggest that events that take place far apart can be aspects if the same actual entity. We show that this takes care of Lovejoy's objection to Whitehead's system.

Topic: Whitehead's Philosophy and Applications
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect Of Different Level Crop Load And Humic Substance Applications On Yield And Yield Components Of Alphonse Lavallee Grape Cultivar

This study was carried out to investigate effects of Control (C), 18 bud/vine, 23 bud/vine, 28 bud/vine, 18 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil), 23 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil), 28 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil) applications on yield and yield components of Alphonse Lavallee grape cultivar. The results were obtained as the highest cluster weight (302.31 g) with 18 bud/vine application; the highest berry weight (6.31 g) with 23 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil) and (6.79 g) with 28 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil) applications; the highest maturity index (36.95) with 18 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil) application; the highest L* color intensity (33.99) with 18 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil); the highest a* color intensity (1.53) with 23 bud/vine + TKI-Humas (soil) application. The effects of applications on grape fresh yield, grape juice yield and b* color intensity values were not found statistically significant.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Odd-parity quadrupole order and induced nonreciprocal transport in the kagome metal CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ driven by quantum interference

Kagome metals present a fascinating platform of quantum phases thanks to the interplay between the geometric frustration and strong electron correlation. Here, we propose the emergence of the electric odd-parity bond order (BO) that originates from the intra-unit-cell odd-parity configuration in recently discovered kagome metal CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$. The predicted E1u BO is induced by the beyond-mean-field mechanism, that is, the quantum interference among different sublattice spin fluctuations. Importantly, the accompanied nematic deformation of the Fermi surface is just ~1% while the intensity of the quasiparticle interference signal exhibits drastic nematic anisotropy, consistent with the scanning tunneling microscope measurements in CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$. The present odd-parity BO triggers interesting phenomena, such as the non-linear Hall effect and emergent electromagnetism.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive Biases and Other Human Challenges of Integrated Environmental Modeling

Integrated environmental modeling (IEM) can organize and increase our knowledge of the complex, dynamic ecosystems that house our natural resources and control the quality of our environments. Human behavior, however, must be taken into account. Human biases/heuristics reflect adaptation over our evolutionary past to frequently experienced situations that affected our survival and that provided sharply distinguished feedbacks at the level of the individual. Unfortunately, human behavior is not adapted to the more diffusely experienced, less frequently encountered, problems and issues that IEM typically seeks to address in the simulation of natural resources and environments. While seeking inspiration from the prophetic traditions of the Oracle of Delphi, several human biases are identified that may affect how the science base of IEM is assembled, and how IEM results are interpreted and used. These biases are supported by personal observations, and by the findings of behavioral scientists. A process for critical analysis is proposed that solicits explicit accounting and cognizance of potential human biases. A number of suggestions are made to address the human challenges of IEM, in addition to maintaining attitudes of watchful humility, open-mindedness, honesty, and transparent accountability. These include creating a new area of study in the behavioral biogeosciences, using structured processes for engaging the modeling and stakeholder community in IEM, and using "red teams" to increase resilience of IEM constructs and use.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gender difference in thermal perception and the role of estrogen in mice (1105.3)

The present study aimed to assess if there is a gender difference in thermal perception, and estrogen is involved in the mechanism. Methods Male (M group) and female ICR mice were used (n=6 and 18, respectively). Each mouse was placed a device for temperature measurement in the abdominal cavity under general anesthesia. Female mice were divided to three groups: two groups were bilaterally ovariectomized with and without estradiol replacement (E 2 and N groups) and one sham‐operated (F group). Mice were placed in an experiment box (50x12x15 cm), of which 5 Pertier boards at the bottom. Each board temperature was controlled by computer program, and changed each 6 min for 90 min. The temperature was selected from either of 28°C, 31°C, 34°C, 37°C, and 40°C with a difference from that of the other boards. Abdominal temperature (T abd ) and the position of a mouse and its board temperature were recorded every 1 min. Experiment was started after 60‐min baseline period with all boards set at 34°C. Mice were habituated to the box 2‐3 times before the experiment. Results During the housing period before the experiment, there were no differences in T abd among the groups; however, during the experiment, T abd was higher in the F group than in the M group. In addition, the F group preferred 40°C board, but the M group 34°C board. There were no differences in T abd and temperature preference of the board among the F, E 2 and N groups. Conclusion In this experimental condition, male mice showed higher environmental condition than female mice. However, estradiol is not likely mechanism for the difference. Grant Funding Source : MEXT.KIBANKEISEI

Topic: Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences