jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF ROLE OF MRI IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS

<strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> The evaluation of the role of MRI in judging the magnitude of disease in TB-spine.</em> <strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong><em> This study was conducted at Allied / DHQ hospital Faisalabad and the duration the duration of this study was from July 2020 to December 2020 in which 60 patients of tuberculosis were added and these patients were divided into two groups of 55% male (33) and 45% female (27). Their ages were ranging from 14 to 36 years, while the mean was 33 years. We included the TB-spine patients in this research; whereas, removed those from consideration who were having non-tuberculous spondylitis. </em> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> Out of, 63% (38 cases) had back-ache symptoms. Sixteen cases (26.6%) had spinal cord compression, 45% had the symptoms of thoracolumbar spine, whereas rare diffuse involvement was there and those who had an involvement in more than one level were only 5% (three cases). Mode of primary imaging was plain radiography. MRI Scan was most useful while carrying-out the investigation. The reports gathered through MRI Scan showed the paraspinal abscess in 40% (24 cases), narrowed intervertebral disc space in 95% cases, complete destruction of body in 20% (12 cases), wedge collapse of body in 30% (18 cases), card compression in 26.6% (16 cases); whereas, calcification in 30% (18 cases).</em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The most important equipment for investigation of spinal tuberculosis in patients is MRI. It is also a useful surgical treatment guide as it provides the details of the disease including its extent. Monitoring of the feedback to the treatment also becomes very easy using MRI Scans.</em> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Pulmonary Disease, Spinal, Paraplegia</em> <em>Spinal Tuberculosis.</em>

Topic: Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Subsequent Pregnancy After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to find risk factors that can predict the recurrence of GDM in Korean women with previous GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We evaluated women who had GDM in an index pregnancy (1993–2001) and a subsequent pregnancy by 2003. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during the index pregnancy and 2 months postpartum. The recurrence rate of GDM was assessed among 111 women who had a subsequent pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of recurrent GDM. RESULTS—The frequency of recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies was 45.0% (95% CI 35.6–54.4%). Women with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance 2 months postpartum were at increased risk for recurrent GDM (relative risk 2.31, 95% CI 1.24–4.30). Higher BMI before the subsequent pregnancy (P = 0.024), higher fasting glucose concentration (P = 0.007) 2 months postpartum, and lower 1-h insulin concentration (P = 0.004) of the diagnostic OGTT in the index pregnancy were independent risk factors for recurrence of GDM in subsequent pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS—GDM recurred in nearly half of subsequent pregnancies in Korean women. Fasting glucose 2 months postpartum might be a clinically valuable predictor of recurrent GDM risk.

Topic: Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 3 of Epigenomics and transcriptomics of systemic sclerosis CD4+ T cells reveal long-range dysregulation of key inflammatory pathways mediated by disease-associated susceptibility loci

Additional file 3: Figure S1. Additional analyses of DNA methylation datasets.

Topic: Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular Characterization of Unique Junctional Complexes as Communication Pathways among Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Abstract The interaction between stem cells and their niche is essential for the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow are able to differentiate into various tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. We have characterized the intercellular contacts among MSC and previously demonstrated the occurrence of a novel kind of adhering junction, consisting of villiform-to-vermiform cell projections (processus adhaerentes). The molecular compositions of these junctions have now been elucidated. Using a panel of antibodies specific for various components of tight, gap and adhering junctions (the latter comprising desmosomes and adhering junctions), we systematically analyzed the junctional complexes of MSC obtained from bone marrow aspirates from healthy voluntary donors and compared the data to bone marrow tissue in situ. Light and electron microscopy was used and several biochemical analyses were applied, including immunoprecipitation and RT-PCR. We could show that intercellular connections in MSC are realized in vitro by occasional gap junctions and frequent adhering junctions. Intercellular projections are noted, often deeply intruding into the neighbouring cell. These findings have been confirmed in situ in bone marrow biopsy material. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular composition of these junctions and cell-projections. In most of them, we found the transmembrane glycoproteins cadherin 11 and N-cadherin, together with the cytoplasmic plaque proteins alpha- and beta-catenin and protein p120ctn. Interestingly, similar junctions had been already noted in primary mesenchymal stem cells of day 7 to 8.5 mouse embryos. Our hypothesis is that this junction type might be a prerequisite for early mesenchymal cells. Our findings indicate that intercellular communication in MSC in human marrow is realized through a unique type of junctional complexes not described before. These structures are crucial for the long-term fate and differentiation of the cells and might have significant impact on the interaction with hematopoietic stem cells.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Incorporating household production into the National Transfer Accounts for Slovenia

The National Transfer Accounts (NTA) have recently been developed to measure economic flows across age groups. In this article, we extend the NTA for Slovenia by including the value of unpaid household production. Based on time-use data, we discover that people in Slovenia spent even more time on household production than on paid work, which emphasises the necessity of including household production in the NTA analysis. We find that there are large net transfers of household production flowing from adults to children, and to a lesser extent also to the elderly. We calculate unpaid production separately for both genders, and discover that females provide much more unpaid production and total productive work than males. In addition, they face a much more intensive ‘rush hour of life’ than males. We expect that similar patterns may be found in other post-communist countries where equalising labour force participation by gender was central to the communist agenda, but where no similar efforts were undertaken to equalise household work burdens.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ensuring The Safety Of Columns (Transport) In The Course Of Hostilities

<em>In the article, based on the analysis of the experience of combat operations of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan during 1979-1989, national contingents of a multinational coalition forces during operation "Iran Liberty" 2003-2010, and an antiterrorist operation in Donetsk and Lugansk regions made analysis and deferred the way image armed forces that operated inside infrastructure of rear and operation area and provided recommendations for organization the safety and force protection of the columns (transport), during movement of to armed Forces and out transition of equipment and materials and comprehensive support the troops in the combat operations.</em>

Topic: Military, Security, and Education Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bond Fund Returns and Expenses

This study examines the relationship between expenses and net return among bond funds with similar style - that is, duration and quality. It concludes that there is a strong, negative relation between funds9 expense ratios and net return. Most evidence implies that fund expenses, whether in the form of an annual expense ratio or a one-time sales load, are deadweight losses to the investor. The evidence suggests that the lowest-cost bond fund within a sample of similar-style funds will consistently produce top quartile net returns over five-year and longer horizons. Low costs do not produce a persistent net return advantage over shorter horizons, however.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of inoculum distribution and sowing depth on Pleiochaeta root rot of lupins

In paddocks with a history of previous lupin cultivation, propagules of the fungus Pleiochaeta setosa are most concentrated in the top 2 cm of soil and rapidly decline to zero at the base of the tillage layer (10-14 cm). The severity of Pleiochaeta root rot is greatly reduced as sowing depth increases, due to avoidance of the concentrated surface soil borne inoculum. Hypocotyls are not infected by P. setosa, enabling disease escape. In four field trials over three seasons, optimum establishment and grain yield occurred at sowing depths close to 5 cm, deeper than previously recommended for lupins in Western Australia.

Topic: Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of experimental joint inflammation on bone marrow and periarticular bone. A study of two types of arthritis, using variable degrees of inflammation.

The effects of joint inflammation on bone marrow and periarticular bone were studied in mice using antigen-induced arthritis and zymosan-induced arthritis as models for an immune and a non-immune-mediated chronic inflammation. To allow for a comparison of the two types of arthritis care was taken to induce comparable degrees of inflammation as evaluated with 99mTechnetium uptake and histology. The antigen-induced arthritis caused a significant suppression of the mitotic activity in the bone marrow close to the inflammatory focus during the first days of arthritis. The zymosan-induced arthritis did not produce alterations of the bone marrow activity. Both types of arthritis were able to induce long-lasting and irreversible damage to cartilaginous and bony structures. Apposition of bone was observed in both types of arthritis although much earlier in the antigen-induced arthritis. The apposition of bone was found to emerge largely from the periosteum and not from the epiphyseal plates, as shown by 125I-deoxyuridine autoradiography. Qualitative and quantitative differences suggest that joint inflammation which is immunologically mediated, results in more severe (peri)articular tissue damage than a non-immunological arthritis.

Topic: Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The productive restructuration, the strategies of psycho-political control and their impact in the scholar practices

This paper aims to contribute to a reflection on the impact of productive restructuring in school practice, the functioning of pedagogical teams and the goals established by the school. Objective is, thereafter, to examine the political effects, cognitive and affective professionals involved in education (directors, teachers, psychologists, counselors, technicians, among others). It starts with the premise that the loss of identity and any kind of political references in the cognitive-affective labor is, in large part the consequence of an unjust society, a socioeconomic model explorer and governments had other priorities.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Romanticism, Blake, and the Politics of Nature (Flyer)

Because politics is a distinctly human activity, we often think of nature as something that exists apart from the political realm. However, in an era of revolutionary turmoil, William Blake, who championed “England’s green and pleasant land” against industrialism’s “dark Satanic Mills,” understood better than any other Romantic poet that nature was subject to myriad political uses. By showing how cultural institutions invoke nature to “naturalize” their authority, Blake reveals that nature can be thoroughly political. Join author and musician Kevin Hutchings as he explores the politics of Blake’s visionary ecology in poetry, painting, and song.

Topic: Moravian Church and William Blake
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurement of Transition Probabilities in the Visible Spectra of O I and C I and Estimation of Vacuum Ultra-violet Radiation Standards

Previously measured lines λλ3947, 4368, 5330, 5436 of O I and 4770, 4932, 5040, 5052, 5380 Å of C I have been remeasured using vortex arc methods. The new recommended transition probabilities in sec-1 × 105 are, for O I, 3.29, 8.57, 19.6, 29.4 and for C I 9.9, 32, 2.2, 12.6, 10.5 respectively. An axial temperature of 12 436 °K is found for a 50 amp, 8 mm diameter, water vortex arc. The absolute radiation from this arc is computed for Lyman α and O I λ 1302 Å to be 4.88 × 105 and 7.47 × 105 ergs sec-1 cm-2 sterad-1 (cm-1)-1 near the line centres respectively.

Topic: Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Efficient Patched Grid Navier-Stokes Solution for Multiple Bodies. Phase 1.

Abstract : A major problem area in current computational fluid dynamics technology concerns flows about complex configurations formed by multiple components in relative motion. Major difficulties encountered in such problems are those associated with the grid. For such applications, the geometric constraints of the component elements often require that patched grids be employed. Herein, a novel and efficient procedure is described to solve the time-dependent, multidimensional Navier-Stokes equations about multiple body configurations. In contrast to existing patched grid approaches, the present method calculates the entire flow field over both grids simultaneously, without iteration. By eliminating iteration within a time step and allowing time steps to be chosen by accuracy considerations, rather than by stability limits, this procedure could lead to a substantial savings in computer run time. In addition, for steady state problems improved convergence rates could be expected. To demonstrate the capabilities and advantages of the new procedure, a problem of current interest in turbomachinery, the flow field in a rotor-stator stage, is investigated using the developed procedure. A steady state flow field about a cascade of displaced tandem Joukowski airfoils is considered. The accuracy of the calculations and CPT time used are compared with a calculation using a continuous deformed grid algorithm and a patched grid with iteration.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
No-Arbitrage Prices of Cash Flows and Forward Contracts as Choquet Representations

In a market of deterministic cash flows, given as an additive, symmetric relation of exchangeability on the finite signed Borel measures on the non-negative real time axis, it is shown that the only arbitrage-free price functional that fulfills some additional mild requirements is the integral of the unit zero-coupon bond prices with respect to the payment measures. For probability measures, this is a Choquet representation, where the Dirac measures, as unit zero-coupon bonds, are the extreme points. Dropping one of the requirements, the Lebesgue decomposition is used to construct counterexamples, where the Choquet price formula does not hold despite of an arbitrage-free market model. The concept is then extended to deterministic streams of assets and currencies in general, yielding a valuation principle for forward markets. Under mild assumptions, it is shown that a foreign cash flow's worth in local currency is identical to the value of the cash flow in local currency for which the Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to the foreign cash flow is the forward FX rate.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Diammonium hexaaquacobalt(II) bis(sulfate)

In the title compound,(NH4)2[Co(H2O)6](SO4)2, six water mol­ecules are coordinated to one Co2+ cation, which lies on an inversion centre. The geometry around the Co2+ cation is that of an octahedron. The coordinated water mol­ecules, uncoordinated ammonium cations and sulfate anions are linked by hydrogen bonds into a network structure.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Does the Source of Capital Affect Capital Structure?

Prior work on leverage implicitly assumes capital availability depends solely on firm characteristics. However, market frictions that make capital structure relevant may also be associated with a firm's source of capital. Examining this intuition, we find firms that have access to the public bond markets, as measured by having a debt rating, have significantly more leverage. Although firms with a rating are fundamentally different, these differences do not explain our findings. Even after controlling for firm characteristics that determine observed capital structure, and instrumenting for the possible endogeneity of having a rating, firms with access have 35% more debt. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Nangka sebagai Biolarvasida Nyamuk Culex sp

ABSTRACTMosquitoes are type of insect that acts as a disease vector. One of them is Culex sp mosquitos which their existence is many around us. In Indonesia there are still a lot of disease cases that caused by Culex sp mosquitos, one of them is filariasis disease. The efforts to control thecurrent population of Culex sp mosquitoes mostly use chemical insecticides. The control becomes difficult because of the resistance to chemical insecticides and adversely affects the environment. This study aims to determine the potential of jackfruit leaf extract as biolarvasida against Culex sp. The type of this study was post test onlycontrolled group design, using 625 larvae Culex sp instar III, divided into 5 groups (negative control group, 0.25% extract, 0.50% extract, 0.75% extract, extract and 1% extract). Observation was performed 24 hoursafter the treatment and counted the number of larvae death.The data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test followed by Post Hoc Mann-Whitney U test to determine the killing power of leafy leaf extractusing Probit analysis. The results of data analysis in this study were thedeath rate percentage of larvae after 24 hours treatment was 0% incontrol, 44% in 0.25%extract, 52% in0.50% extract, 60% in 0.75%extract,while in the extract group of 1%, the number of larval deaths was 72%. Itobtained results with significant differencein some treatment groups thatwere concentrations of 0.25% - 1%. Probit analysis showed that LC50 wasat 0.382% concentration.From results of the studyit can be concluded that jackfruit leaf extract(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) was potential as Culex sp mosquitobiolarvacide. So it is necessary to conduct further research on the effectsof compounds that contained in other plant parts such as flowers, stemsand roots which will be expected to have a function asbiolarvasida.Keywords: Leaf Jackfruit, Biolarvasida, Mosquito Culex sp

Topic: Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Tin‐Free Regioselective Radical De‐<i>O</i>‐benzylation by an Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer on Carbohydrate Templates

Der bemerkenswerte 1,7-Transfer eines benzylischen Wasserstoffatoms auf ein O-Silylmethylen-Radikal löst die regioselektive De-O-benzylierung von benzylierten Sacchariden aus. Die Reaktion endet mit einem ionischen Schritt und kann allgemein auf verschiedenartig funktionalisierte Substrate mit benzylierten Hydroxygruppen angewendet werden. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Topic: Radical Photochemical Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences