jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancement and quenching effects of N(<sup>4</sup>S) and O(<sup>3</sup>P) atoms on nitric oxide β emission. Part 1.—The major effects

In a discharge flow study, N(4S) and O(3P) have been shown to quench and enhance the intensities of NO β chemiluminescence associated with their combination. Rate constants of ∼1.5 × 1010 1. mol–1 s–1 and (6.1 ± 0.6)× 1010 1. mol–1 s–1 are obtained for direct removal of NO(B2Π) by N and O atoms respectively.N is ∼80 times more efficient than N2 in removal of precursors of NO(B2Π)(v′= 0,1) and (15 ± 3) times for (v′= 2,3), suggesting that each pair of levels has a different common precursor. O removes precursors of (v′= O)(11 ± 4) times more efficiently than N2. These quenching effects on (v′= 0) emission are more and less pronounced in He and CO2 carriers respectively, when the much greater variations of the O atom effect indicate that N and O do not act on one precursor only.A considerable enhancement effect shows that O(3P) is ∼350 times more efficient than N2 at 296 K in inducing crossing into NO(B2Π)(v′= 2), strongly supporting NO(b4∑–) as the immediate precursor. Unlike the quenching effects above, this enhancement is temperature dependent; at 196 K O is ∼1400 times more effective than N2. Concurrent superimposed O atom quenching shows that collision induced crossing into NO(B2Π)(v′= 2) is a major depopulation route for the immediate precursor, which cannot be removed significantly by N atoms. CO2 is more efficient than N2 or He in inducing the crossing.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Concomitant cardiac and pulmonary operations for lung cancer.

From 1973 through 1990, 21 patients (17 men and 4 women) underwent concomitant cardiac operation and pulmonary resection for lung cancer. The mean age was 65.3 years (range, 50 to 80 years). Eighteen patients underwent coronary artery bypass; 1 underwent coronary bypass and mitral valve replacement; 1, aortic valve replacement; and 1, left ventricular aneurysmectomy. Pulmonary procedures included 16 lobectomies, 3 segmentectomies, and 2 wedge resections. Nine resections were performed during cardiopulmonary bypass, and 12 were performed either before or after bypass. On final pathologic diagnosis, 11 patients had adenocarcinoma, 7 had squamous cell carcinoma, and 3 had undifferentiated lesions. Twelve patients were in cancer stage 1 and 9 were in stage II. Placement of an intraaortic balloon pump was required in 3 patients. No patient sustained excessive blood loss requiring reoperation. Only 2 incidents (9.5%) of disseminated infection were reported. The overall 1-year survival rate was 90.5% and the 5-year survival rate was 52.4%. We found concomitant cardiac operation and pulmonary resection for lung cancer to be a safe and effective alternative to staged treatment in patients not requiring a pneumonectomy. Combined cardiac and pulmonary surgery spares the patient the risk and cost of a 2nd major surgical procedure without compromising long-term survival.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Eye configuration influences the detection advantage of direct gaze

Research has shown that individuals detect direct eyes (those directed to the observer) more quickly and accurately than averted eyes (those directed elsewhere), a phenomenon known as the direct-gaze advantage. However, the underlying mechanisms of this advantage remain poorly understood. The current study employed a visual search task to investigate whether the direct-gaze advantage in capturing attention is contingent upon a specific configuration (face configuration or eyes configuration). In two experiments, participants were presented with four images and asked to judge whether there was a target with a direct or averted gaze. Experiment 1 revealed that participants showed the direct-gaze advantage across three image types: intact faces (maintaining both two-eye and face configuration), scrambled faces with intact eyes (disrupting the face configuration while preserving the two-eye configuration), and fully scrambled faces (preserving only the single-eye configuration). Experiment 2 further demonstrated that participants showed the direct-gaze advantage for scrambled faces with intact eyes and fully scrambled faces under the upright condition. Interestingly, under the inverted condition, participants only showed the direct-gaze advantage for scrambled faces with intact eyes. These findings indicate that the direct-gaze advantage is influenced by the configuration of two eyes and the configuration of a single eye, but it is not dependent on facial contexts.

Topic: Face Recognition and Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Purification and characterization of VDE, a site-specific endonuclease from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The 119-kDa primary translation product of the VMA1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a self-catalyzed rearrangement ("protein splicing") that excises an internal 50-kDa segment of the polypeptide and joins the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal segments to generate the 69-kDa subunit of the vacuolar membrane-associated H(+)-ATPase. We have shown previously that the internal segment is a site-specific endonuclease (Gimble, F. S., and Thorner, J. (1992) Nature 357, 301-306). Here we describe methods for the high level expression and purification to near homogeneity of both the authentic VMA1-derived endonuclease (or VDE) from yeast (yield 18%) and a recombinant form of VDE made in bacteria (yield 29%). Detailed characterization of these preparations demonstrated that the yeast-derived and bacterially produced enzymes were indistinguishable, as judged by: (a) behavior during purification; (b) apparent native molecular mass (50 kDa); (c) immunological reactivity; and (d) catalytic properties (specific activity; cleavage site recognition; and optima for pH, temperature, divalent cation and ionic strength). The minimal site required for VDE cleavage was delimited to a 30-base pair sequence within its specific substrate (the VMA1 delta vde allele).

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Lingkungan Berdasarkan Teori Hansen Dan Mowen Pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasaman Barat

This research ismotivated by theproblem that hospitals still have minimal knowledge of environmental accounting because it is relatively new and thereis no specific report regardingenvironmental accounting at the RumahSakit Umum Daerah PasamanBarat. The aim ofthis research is to determinethe application of environmental accounting based on Hansen and Mowen's theory at the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasaman Barat in 2022.The dataanalysis method inthis research uses descriptivequalitative analysis. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. The analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are that at the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasaman Barat, in allocating environmental costs, there areseveral things thatare in accordance withPSAK 2015 No.1, namely Identification, Recognition and Measurement, but there are still severalthings that are notin accordance withPSAK 2015 No. 1, namely Presentation of Financial Reports and Disclosure of Financial Reports. The environmental cost categories allocated by the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasaman Barat are appropriate based on Hansen and Mowen's theory, this is proven by the expenditure of appropriate waste-related costs based on theclassification of environmental accountingcosts based on Hansen andMowen's theory, namely prevention costs, detection costs, costs internalfailure, and externalfailure costs.

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Approaches of the Innate Immune System to Ameliorate Adaptive Immunotherapy for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Their Microenvironment

A dominant paradigm being developed in immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies is of adaptive immunotherapy that involves chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers. CAR T-cell therapy has yielded results that surpass those of the existing salvage immunochemotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after first-line immunochemotherapy, while offering a therapeutic option for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, the role of the innate immune system has been shown to prolong CAR T-cell persistence. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 47-blocking antibodies, which are a promising therapeutic armamentarium for DLBCL, are novel innate immune checkpoint inhibitors that allow macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells. Intratumoral Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide plays a pivotal role in FL, and vaccination may be required in MCL. Additionally, local stimulator of interferon gene agonists, which induce a systemic anti-lymphoma CD8+ T-cell response, and the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB/CD137 or OX40/CD134 agonistic antibodies represent attractive agents for dendritic cell activations, which subsequently, facilitates initiation of productive T-cell priming and NK cells. This review describes the exploitation of approaches that trigger innate immune activation for adaptive immune cells to operate maximally in the tumor microenvironment of these lymphomas.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inactivation of<i>YME1</i>, a Member of the<i>ftsH-SEC18-PAS1-CDC48</i>Family of Putative ATPase-Encoding Genes, Causes Increased Escape of DNA from Mitochondria in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>:

Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by body cells for intercellular communication. The circular RNA circ_0000338 was found to be present in extracellular vesicles and improve the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy

Background—Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into a variety of cells, including cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. However, little information is available about the therapeutic potency of MSC transplantation in cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), an important cause of heart failure. Methods and Results—We investigated whether transplanted MSCs induce myogenesis and angiogenesis and improve cardiac function in a rat model of DCM. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates of isogenic adult rats and expanded ex vivo. Cultured MSCs secreted large amounts of the angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and mitogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, adrenomedullin, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Five weeks after immunization, MSCs or vehicle was injected into the myocardium. Some engrafted MSCs were positive for the cardiac markers desmin, cardiac troponin T, and connexin-43, whereas others formed vascular structures and were positive for von Willebrand factor or smooth muscle actin. Compared with vehicle injection, MSC transplantation significantly increased capillary density and decreased the collagen volume fraction in the myocardium, resulting in decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (111 versus 161 mm Hg, P0.05) and increased left ventricular maximum dP/dt (6767323 versus 5138280 mm Hg/s, P0.05). Conclusions—MSC transplantation improved cardiac function in a rat model of DCM, possibly through induction of myogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as by inhibition of myocardial fibrosis. The beneficial effects of MSCs might be

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Performance of black rice (Oryza sativa) varieties grown in Namsai district of Arunachal Pradesh, India

The present study was performed to increase the farmer's income and food security in the Namsai district agroclimatic zone. Therefore, the present study investigated the evaluation of black rice varieties in the climate of Namsai district, Arunachal Pradesh during 2019–2020. The four black rice varieties, namely BR1- Imphal, Chalchao, BR2- Manipur, BR3- Meghalaya, Lalumpam, and BR4- Meghalaya, Nalapara were cultivated in RBD field design with 5 replications during Kharif season. The growth parameters and correlations were obtained from black rice varieties. The observations were calculated with ICAR-Wasp statistical software. The maximum plant height (146.20 cm) was obtained in BR4 (Meghalaya, Nalapara). The maximal productive tillers (26) were observed in BR1 (Imphal, Chalchao). The lowest panicle emergence (48 days) was recorded in BR2 (Manipur). The maximum number of grains per panicle (151) was reported in BR1 (Imphal, Chalchao). The maximum panicle length (25.2 cm) was found in BR3 (Meghalaya, Lalumpam). The maximal yield per plot (13.6 kg) was recorded in BR1 (Meghalaya, Nalapara). The lowest crop duration (119 days) was obtained in BR1 (Imphal, Chalchao), and the maximum crop duration (132 days) was recorded in BR4 (Meghalaya, Nalapara). The total yield per plot positively correlated with plant tillers, the weight of 1000 grain, the L/B ratio, and grains/panicle. The results obtained suggest that these varieties can be utilized as a companion crop for better income, food security in this region.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The first consultation

Abstract Purpose Patients with "photophobia" need a full clinical ophthalmological work‐up. Methods Careful listening to the complaints and a clinical ophthalmological examination are the cornerstone of the decision making in the differential diagnosis. Results Retinal disorders are indeed one of the possible causes of aversion to bright lights but many others have to be considered (refraction, lens, inflammation,...) Conclusion When a patient does not like bright lights a well structured decision making tree of ophthalmological examinations is needed in order to proceed with the necessary technical investigations.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Alcohol drinking as a mediator of the influence of smoking prevalence on second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces: A mediation analysis

Abstract Objective: Both alcohol drinking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure have shown a strong association with smoking behaviour. This study uses mediation analysis to clarify the process underlying the relationship between smoking prevalence and SHS exposure and the extent to which this relationship is mediated by alcohol use in the workplace. Method: A total of 14195 employees from 81 companies in China participated in this survey. Mediation analysis was used to establish the mediation effect of alcohol drinking. Structural equation modelling（SEM） was used to evaluate the role of alcohol drinking when a smoke-free (SF) workplace policy was imposed. Results: For males, approximately 6.3% of the effects on SHS exposure were mediated through the channel of alcohol use. For females, this channel mediated 14.1% of the total effects. SF policy was negatively associated with smoking prevalence and SHS exposure. The indirect effect of the SF policy on reducing SHS exposure by controlling smoking behaviour was significant. For smokers, worksite smoking bans were negatively associated with the smoking amount and drinking behaviour, and the indirect effect of this policy on promoting smokers’ intention to quit by reducing the smoking amount and controlling drinking behaviour was significant. Conclusion: This study confirmed that alcohol drinking is among the channels that mediate the association between smoking prevalence and SHS exposure in workplaces. Our results also find a spillover effect of SF workplace policy and call for effective interventions for alcohol use, which may influence the outcomes of SF policy implementation.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Localized Acceleration of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

The influence of wind forcing on the strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is explored using realistic eddying simulations. The ACC transport is found to be set by both the zonal wind stress, at latitudes of Drake Passage, and by the curl of the wind stress, localized in the western South Atlantic. As such, for certain wind stress patterns, the ACC transport is dramatically increased, without any increase in the mean zonal wind stress. The mechanism by which local wind curl variations effect the strength of the ACC is as follows: In the western South Atlantic the ACC meanders over the shallowest topo- graphic features of its circumpolar path. In this region a positive wind curl induces vortex compression. This compression helps the ACC to move equator-ward and over the shallow topography. This interaction reduces the momentum transfer to the bottom for a given ACC transport. The total ACC transport then increases so that the momentum imparted at the sea surface is transferred to the sea floor. Local wind curl variations in the western South Atlantic are found to be far more effective at driving year to year fluctuations in ACC transport than the zonal wind stress. In addition, changes both in the pattern and in the magnitude of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, concurrent with observed climate change, are likely to have both had an accelerating influence on the ACC of equivalent magnitude.

Topic: Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Discovery of an Orally Efficacious MYC Inhibitor for Liver Cancer Using a GNMT-Based High-Throughput Screening System and Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis

Glycine-<i>N</i>-methyl transferase (GNMT) downregulation results in spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of GNMT inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines and prevents carcinogen-induced HCC, suggesting that GNMT induction is a potential approach for anti-HCC therapy. Herein, we used Huh7 GNMT promoter-driven screening to identify a GNMT inducer. Compound K78 was identified and validated for its induction of GNMT and inhibition of Huh7 cell growth. Subsequently, we employed structure-activity relationship analysis and found a potent GNMT inducer, K117. K117 inhibited Huh7 cell growth <i>in vitro</i> and xenograft <i>in vivo</i>. Oral administration of a dosage of K117 at 10 mpk (milligrams per kilogram) can inhibit Huh7 xenograft in a manner equivalent to the effect of sorafenib at a dosage of 25 mpk. A mechanistic study revealed that K117 is an MYC inhibitor. Ectopic expression of MYC using CMV promoter blocked K117-mediated MYC inhibition and GNMT induction. Overall, K117 is a potential lead compound for HCC- and MYC-dependent cancers.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Field emergence of Marandu palisadegrass influenced by specific seed weight and sowing depth

ABSTRACT Several species of harmful grass weeds were voluntarily brought in by man, mainly with the specific purpose of produce forage. These species compete with crops for physical area and environmental resources, can host pests and diseases, and interfere on harvesting. This work aimed to evaluate in field conditions, the effects of different specific seed weight and sowing depths on the emergence of the species Urochloa brizantha cv. marandú. It was adopted a randomized blocks design with four replications and the treatments arranged in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, with six sowing depths (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0 cm) and three specific seed weight (low, medium, and high). The treatment effects were evaluated by seedling emergence in field. The marandu-grass seedlings emerged until 12 cm depth, regardless of specific seed weight and year. Sowing depths between 1.0 and 4.0 cm depth have promoted the greater percentage of emergence, and the lowest average time and speed index for emergence of seedlings on field, regardless of the specific seed weight. High-specific weight seeds resulted in greater percentage of emergence on field, speed and synchronicity index of emergence of marandú-grass seedlings. Sowing depths higher than 1.0 cm induces a delay on marandú-grass propagation.

Topic: Growth and nutrition in plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hyperkalemia-induced acute flaccid paralysis: a case report.

Acute flaccid paralysis is a medical emergency that may be caused by primary neuro-muscular disorders, metabolic alterations, and iatrogenic effects. Severe hyperkalemia is also a potential cause, especially in elderly patients with impaired renal function. Early diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. Here, we report the case of a 78-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes presenting to the emergency department because of pronounced asthenia, rapidly evolving in quadriparesis. Laboratory examinations showed severe hyperkalemia of 9.9 mmol/L, metabolic acidosis, kidney failure (creatinine 1.6 mg/dl), and hyperglycemia (501 mg/dl). The electrocardiography showed absent P-wave, widening QRS, and tall T-waves. The patient was immediately treated with medical therapy and a hemodialysis session, presenting a rapid resolution of electrocardiographic and neurological abnormalities. This case offers the opportunity to discuss the pathogenesis, the clinical presentation, and the management of hyperkalemia-induced acute flaccid paralysis.

Topic: Potassium and Related Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Legal Certainty and Arbitration

Abstract This chapter assesses legal certainty in international arbitration. It specifically considers the noticeable shift in the balance between legal certainty and legal flexibility. While legal flexibility surely continues to deserve a place among the core values of international arbitration, it is legal certainty’s stock that has been on the rise in recent years. The shift can be felt throughout the international arbitration system, and it is mainly driven by an increased awareness that too much flexibility can ultimately imperil arbitration’s legitimacy. While, in the commercial setting, the shift toward greater certainty is occurring in response to concerns emanating from users of arbitral services, in the investment context, it rather reflects concerns about the power of arbitrators to shape public international law.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences