jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Host Selection and Probing Behavior of the Poplar Aphid &lt;I&gt;Chaitophorus leucomelas&lt;/I&gt; (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) on Two Poplar Hybrids With Contrasting Susceptibility to Aphids

Poplars are frequently attacked by aphids. The differential susceptibility of poplar hybrids to the aphid Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) has been described, but the mechanism underlying this pattern is unknown. This work tested the hypothesis that poplar resistance to this aphid is associated with the presence of volatiles and secondary plant compounds that affect host selection and feeding behavior. This hypothesis was tested by studying the host choice and feeding behavior of C. leucomelas on two poplar hybrids with contrasting susceptibilities to this aphid ([Populus trichocarpa Torrey & Gray x Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall] x P. deltoides [TD x D], and [P. trichocarpa x Populus maximowiczii Henry] x [P. trichocarpa x P. maximowiczii] [TM x TM]). The results showed that C. leucomelas rejected leaves of the TM x TM hybrid and did not prefer odors from either hybrid. Electronic monitoring of the probing behavior of C. leucomelas suggested the involvement of antifeedant factors in the TM x TM hybrid. In addition, the chemical characterization of volatiles, epicuticular waxes, and internal phenols of leaves from both poplar hybrids revealed that TM x TM had a higher abundance of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, n-alkanes, and phenols. These results are discussed in terms of their contribution to poplar breeding programs aimed at enhancing insect resistance.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Homeotic &lt;I&gt;DUX4&lt;/i&gt; genes shape dynamic inter-chromosomal contacts with nucleoli in human cells

Nucleoli shape inter-chromosomal contacts with genes controlling differentiation and cancer genesis. DUX4 genes specify transcription factor possessing two homeodomains. Previously, using Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4С) approach on population of cells, it was demonstrated that DUX4 gene clusters form frequent contacts with nucleoli. It was found also that these contacts are almost completely abolished after heat shock treatment. 4C approach as all ligation-mediated methods is capable to detect rather close interactions between chromatin loops in nuclei. In order to independently confirm the formation and the frequency of the contacts in single cells we used FISH approach. Here, we show that DUX genes in single cells form stable contacts in all tested HEK293T cells. The contacts after heat shock treatment reversibly retreat up to 1–3 μm distance. We conclude that inter-chromosomal contacts shaping by nucleoli are dynamic and stable providing both the initiation and maintenance of a differentiated state.

Topic: Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Redescription of the adults of Culicoides bancrofti Lee and Reye and C. hornsbyensis Lee and Reye (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Bellis, Glenn, Dyce, Alan (2012): Redescription of the adults of Culicoides bancrofti Lee and Reye and C. hornsbyensis Lee and Reye (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3566: 51-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211274

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Improvement of Housing Affordability by Transportation Savings in the Suburbs of Seoul Metropolitan

This study has analyzed the effect of the housing affordability improvement of the residents in the metropolitan areas, applying Transit Supportive Home Loan (TSHL) which extends the loan amount according to the transportation cost saving based on Location Efficiency Mortgage (LEM) System in the USA. The previous studies focused on introducing LEM system to Korea, whereas this study has analyzed TSHL effect for the first time, taking into account the situation in Korea. For analysis, The Transportation Savings (TS) is calculated and Housing Affordability Index (HAI) is drawn by applying increased TS and DTI (Debt to Income), so the improvements of housing purchasing ability is examined by HAI's improvement. As a result, transit commute 1 (having own car) and transit commute 2 (without having own cars) respectively produce the TS of monthly average 36 thousand won and 110 thousand won in comparison with car using commute. Each additional loan (TSHL) amounts to 16.57 million won and 54.07 million won. As the distance is farther and the house price cheaper, the improvement of HAI is more outstanding. City hall area showed the highest improvements of HAI by 9.3% (transit commute 1) and 21.9% (transit commute 2) increase, in comparison with car using commute.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Life-history variation among three populations of the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii along an elevation gradient on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Elevation and related environmental factors is a main factor for life-history variation in ectothermic species. To test if altitude can explain variation in life-history traits in the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii, we sampled gravid females from three localities (Delingha: elevation 2910m, Daotanghe: 3367m; Maduo: 4257m) and measured parturition time, snout-vent length (SVL) at sexual maturity, female body size and postpartum body condition, litter size, litter mass, relative litter mass (RLM), size and mass of newborn offspring. Females gave birth between 25 July and 28 August, and females from lower elevations were earlier than those from higher elevations. Female SVL at sexual maturity and mean SVL, litter size, litter mass, relative litter mass and offspring size varied among populations, whereas female post-parturition body mass and offspring mass remained invariant. Females from the highest elevation had a greater SVL at sexual maturity, mean SVL and abdominal length. Both litter size and litter mass were positively correlated with female SVL. Females from the higher elevation localities (Maduo and Daotanghe) had a lower RLM than those from the lowest elevation (Delingha). Furthermore, females from the highest elevation produced fewer and larger (SVL but not mass) offspring than those from the other localities. Trade-offs between offspring size and number were detected in Delingha and Daotanghe, respectively, but not in Maduo. At a given level of litter size, offspring size was similar between Delingha and Daotanghe.

Topic: Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Materials Data on YRhW2 by Materials Project

YW2Rh is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent W and six equivalent Rh atoms. All Y–W bond lengths are 2.83 Å. All Y–Rh bond lengths are 3.27 Å. W is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Y and four equivalent Rh atoms. All W–Rh bond lengths are 2.83 Å. Rh is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Y and eight equivalent W atoms.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comparative Study of the Education, Background, Job Satisfaction, and Well-Being of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists.

This study compared the education and background, position characteristics, job responsibilities and satisfaction, and well-being of physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) in the United States. A mixed-methods, cross-sectional conventional mail survey design was used. The five sections of this survey included personal, education and background, position, and job satisfaction and well-being profiles. One-hundred thirteen PT and 101 OT participated. Between PTs and OTs, significant differences were found for age, years of work experience, salary, and salary adjusted for 40-hr-workweek (p < 0.001), highest level of education (p < 0.001), observation hours (p = 0.004), and the number of programs applied to (p < 0.001). However, between the two professions, no differences existed for job satisfaction, career satisfaction, consideration of pursuing other professions, compromised physical, mental, and non-work relationships (p = 0.396), hours worked per week (p = 0.091), direct admission (p > 0.05), undergraduate or graduate internship hours, undergraduate research studies, or undergraduate GPA (p > 0.05). Differences between career and sex were not significant (p = 0.063). These results facilitate better understanding of the current state of affairs within PT and OT professions.

Topic: Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of Cases of Congenital Obstructive Uropathy in Children

Background: The aim is to assess cases of congenital obstructive uropathy in children.Material &amp; Methods:Sixty- five children in age ranged 5-12 years of either gender with congenital obstructive uropathy were recruited for the study. In all cases, ultrasonography was done in all cases. Growth of the child was monitored and height standard deviation score (Ht-SDS) was calculated annually. Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) was calculated.Results:Out of 65 patients, males were 40 and females were 25. Etiology found to be ureteropelvic junction obstruction (PUJO) in 12, posterior urethral valve (PUV) in 14, PUJO + PUV in 30 and obstructive megaureter in 9 cases. Symptoms were fever in 34, pain abdomen in 20, burning micturition in 45, poor urinary stream in 21 and flank pain in 15 cases. Treatment given was pyeloplasty in 14, nephrectomy in 20, PUV fulguration in 11, ureterocele decompression in 12 and ureteric reimplantation in 8 cases.Conclusions:Most common etiologies for congenital obstructive uropathy in children were congenital uretero-pelvic junction obstruction and posterior urethral valve. Male preponderance was seen with burning micturition.

Topic: Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multipath Scheduling for 5G Networks: Evaluation and Outlook

The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks aims at providing very high data rates, ultra-reliable low latency, and massive connection density. As one of the fundamental design trends toward these objectives, 5G exploits multi-connectivity (i.e., the concurrent use of multiple access networks), where multipath transport protocols have emerged as key technology enablers. The scheduler of a multipath transport protocol determines how to distribute the data packets onto different paths and has a critical impact on the protocol performance. Within this context, we present in this article the first empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art multipath schedulers based on real 5G data, for both static and mobile scenarios. Furthermore, we introduce M-Peekaboo, which builds on a state-of-the-art learning-based multipath scheduler and extends its usage to 5G networks. Our results illustrate the benefits of employing a learning-based multipath scheduler for 5G networks and motivate further studies of advanced learning schemes that can adapt more quickly to the path conditions, and take into account the emerging features and requirements of 5G and beyond networks.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD 4-O_RU01 #170800.1 (analyzed)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 4-O port camera, where ROI is (944,256) - (992,300) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Programs
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Campylobacteraceae</i>

Cam.py.lo.bac.ter.a' ce.ae. M.L. masc. n. Campylobacter type genus of the family; suff. -aceae denoting family; M.L. masc. pl. n. Campylobacteraceae, the Campylobacter family. Proteobacteria / Epsilonproteobacteria / Campylobacterales / Campylobacteraceae

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of hydrazine sulfate on abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in cancer patients with weight loss.

Thirty-eight patients with advanced cancer and weight loss were tested in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the influence of hydrazine sulfate on carbohydrate metabolism in cancer cachexia. All patients had an initial 3-day inpatient metabolic evaluation including: standard 5-hr p.o. glucose tolerance test, hormone studies, and total glucose production by infusion of [6-3H]glucose. After 30 days of treatment with capsules containing either placebo or hydrazine sulfate in a 60-mg, 3 times/day dosage, inpatient evaluation was repeated. A total of 62 metabolic inpatient evaluations were performed. The pretreatment characteristics of age, sex, prior therapy experience, nutritional parameters and tumor types were comparable in placebo and hydrazine treatment groups. On initial evaluation, abnormal glucose tolerance and increased glucose production were frequently seen. Serial assessment of glucose tolerance showed no improvement after 30 days of placebo treatment. However, the glucose tolerance was significantly improved in patients receiving 30 days of hydrazine sulfate [2-hr glucose; initial 169 +/- 24 (S.E.) mg/dl versus final 128 +/- 12 mg/dl; p less than 0.05]. In addition, the rate of total glucose production was significantly decreased after 30 days of hydrazine sulfate compared to placebo treatment (2.46 mg/kg/min versus 3.07 mg/kg/min, respectively; p less than 0.05). Toxic effects of hydrazine sulfate were minimal. Our results suggest that hydrazine sulfate can influence the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism associated with weight loss in patients with cancer.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of Staphylococcus Aureus Adhesion on a Novel Nanostructured Surface by Chemiluminometry

In recent years the progress in the field of nanotechnologies has offered new possibilities to control the superficial features of implant materials down to a nanoscale level. Several studies have therefore tried to explore the effects of nanostructured biomaterial surfaces on the behavior of eukaryotic cells. However, nanotopography could exert an influence also on the behavior of prokaryotic cells, with relevant implications concerning the susceptibility of implant surfaces to infection. Aim of this study was to examine the behavior of Staphylococcus aureus on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces either cylindrically nanostructured (PET-N) or flat ion-etched (PET-F), and on tissue culture-grade polystyrene (PS). Microbial adherence was assessed by chemiluminometry under 4 different conditions: (a) bacteria suspended in MEM medium, (b) bacteria in MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), (c) test surfaces preconditioned in FBS, and (d) post-exposure of colonised surfaces to serum-supplemented MEM. Under all circumstances, PET-F and PET-N specimens showed identical bacterial adhesion properties. In the absence of serum, all 3 test materials showed a very high adhesivity to microbial cells and both PET surfaces exhibited greater adhesion than PS. On the contrary, the presence of 10% serum in solution significantly affected cell behavior: the number of microbial cells on all surfaces was drastically reduced, and the adhesion properties of PET surfaces with respect to PS were reversed, with PET being less adhesive. Overall, the specific cylindrical nanostructures created on PET did not significantly influence microbial behavior. Ongoing studies are verifying whether other nanotopographies with different geometry could have more substantial effects.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Chromium supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Aim Increasing evidence has suggested that chromium supplementation may improve the clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet the results have been inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation of the efficacy of chromium, a meta‐analysis was performed. Methods Studies published in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to April 2017 were retrieved. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%CI were calculated for net changes using random‐effects or fixed‐effects models. Results A total of six randomized clinical trials (RCT) with 351 PCOS women were ultimately collected in this meta‐analysis. All included RCT were of moderate–high quality. On pooled analysis, insulin resistance was significantly decreased (SMD, −0.84; 95%CI: −1.30 to −0.38; P = 0.0004), while the total testosterone (SMD, 0.36; 95%CI: 0.07–0.65; P = 0.02) and free testosterone (SMD, 0.80; 95%CI: 0.48–1.12; P &lt; 0.00001) were markedly increased in chromium‐treated PCOS patients compared with control groups. No significant difference was found in other indexes of insulin metabolism (body mass index, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), hormone status (luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone and prolactin) and lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglycerides) between the two groups. Conclusion Supplementation with chromium may not have significant benefits for women with PCOS. More RCT with low heterogeneity, however, are required to corroborate the present findings.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 759251: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abnormal Hemispheric Blood Flow and Metabolism in Cerebrovascular Disease. I. Disordered Patterns of Hemispheric Metabolism

Hemispheric blood flow (HBF) and metabolism were studied in 46 patients with various types and stages of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and were found to be abnormal in all patients, including those with transient ischemic attacks. Bilateral depression of HBF and metabolism was observed in association with acute unilateral cerebral infarction. Hemispheric respiratory quotient (HRQ) was higher in the ischemic hemisphere than in the healthy side. The degree of elevation of HRQ on the diseased side correlated well with the acuteness of infarction, increasing age of the patients, and the severity of the neurological deficit. However, the HRQ in the healthy hemisphere was lower than unity, which suggests that substances other than glucose were being metabolized. The high hemispheric glucose:oxygen ratio (HG:O) correlated well with the severity of infarction and the age of the patient. Patients with brain stem ischemia had the lowest HBF values, suggesting that central neurogenic vasomotor control had been impaired or that diaschisis was greater in those with brain stem lesions than in patients with other types of lesions. A significant uptake of β-hydroxybutyrate was observed in both the healthy and diseased hemispheres but was highest in the healthy side. Evidence for abnormal cerebral metabolic patterns, such as anaerobic glycolysis, in patients with cerebrovascular disease, and oxidation of nonglucose substances such as β-hydroxybutyrate, are discussed.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial investigation on leaf and fruit extracts of L. aegyptiaca Mill

The study aimed to explore the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of L. aegyptiaca Mill.[Syn.: Luffa cylindrica M.Roem.](Cucurbitaceae) leaf and fruit extracts.Standard procedures were used to measure the phytochemical constituents, and the extracts were tested against six bacterial and three fungal strains using the disc diffusion method for bacteria and the agar-well diffusion method for fungi.The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the floral extract had higher levels of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and oxalate.In terms of antimicrobial activity, the methanol extract of the leaf was found to be more effective than the fruit extract against the bacterial strains tested.The study suggests that the methanol extract of L. aegyptiaca's leaf and fruit has significant potential for developing effective treatments for fungal diseases and more efficient antibacterial agents.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences