jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TRP Channels in the Focus of Trigeminal Nociceptor Sensitization Contributing to Primary Headaches

Pain in trigeminal areas is driven by nociceptive trigeminal afferents. Transduction molecules, among them the nonspecific cation channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which are activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, are expressed by a significant population of trigeminal nociceptors innervating meningeal tissues. Many of these nociceptors also contain vasoactive neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P. Release of neuropeptides and other functional properties are frequently examined using the cell bodies of trigeminal neurons as models of their sensory endings. Pathophysiological conditions cause phosphorylation, increased expression and trafficking of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, neuropeptides and other mediators, which accelerate activation of nociceptive pathways. Since nociceptor activation may be a significant pathophysiological mechanism involved in both peripheral and central sensitization of the trigeminal nociceptive pathway, its contribution to the pathophysiology of primary headaches is more than likely. Metabolic disorders and medication-induced painful states are frequently associated with TRP receptor activation and may increase the risk for primary headaches.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Best-Routing Algorithm Based on Guangzhou Metro

With the improvement of the first-tier city's subway network line, the transfer becomes complicated increasingly, it is necessary to provide a best travel program for subway passengers to travel between two nodes. This reference proposes the shortest routing optimization model of subway travel aiming at reducing passenger travel time as much as possible, by consulting the best path algorithm of the public transport system. In this model, the paper takes Guangzhou Metro line network as study object, taking the process of passenger travel and transfer factor into account. Adopting an improved Dijkstra algorithm, and then propose the best travel programs of the network between any two nodes.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
How to apportion a copyright in joint work by co-authors

As a matter of case law, the US courts would apportion the share of the copyright equally among co-authors, after a finding of co-authorship. The federal Copyright Act 1976 was the first legislative effort to statutorily provide for the doctrine of co-authorship in the US jurisprudence. However the 1976 Act neither clarifies the nature of co-authorship or how to apportion the shares, nor does legislative literature help. Courts are left with the task of clarification. Section 2 draws out two possible rationales behind the apportionment rule (the Equal Division Rule) and explores the difficulties. Section 3 proposes two alternatives (the Proportionate Rule) to the current apportionment rule based on the Default Theory analysis. For both works comprising quantifiable inseparable contributions and works comprising quantifiable interdependent contributions, the Penalty Default Theory favors the Proportionate Rule over the Equal Division Rule. Section 4 explores the interaction between the theories for co-authorship and the proposed alternative Proportionate Rule, and concludes that if the apportionment rule were instead devised to avoid the over-rewarding issue, as is the proposed Proportionate Rule, the courts would better conform to the statute and stick to a uniform test for co-authorship. Section 5 summarizes.

Topic: Copyright and Intellectual Property
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Switching volume change and recording performance correlation for weakly coupled exchange spring media

We employed a new field sweep ratio dependence analysis method on the polar Kerr loop of exchange spring media to estimate the short time switching field, H0, and thermal stability factor, KUV/kBT, at various normalized Kerr signal levels, M, using modified Sharrock’s equation. For weakly coupled media, we observed that large switching volume changes around a “kink” in the Kerr loops. We observed a rapid increase in the KUV/kBT values before the kink, which suggests rapid switching of large areas of the soft layer via domain wall propagation. Small interfacial decoupling in exchange spring media between the soft and hard layers showed large degradation in media writability.

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Wasted Efforts Impair Random Search Efficiency and Reduce Choosiness in Mate-Pairing Termites

AbstractRandom search theories predict that animals employ movement patterns that optimize encounter rates with target resources. However, animals are not always able to achieve the best search strategy. Energy depletion, for example, limits searchers' movement activities, forcing them to adjust their behaviors before and after encounters. Here, we investigate the cost of mate search in a termite, <i>Reticulitermes speratus</i>, and reveal that the costs associated with mate finding reduce the selectivity of mating partners. After a dispersal flight, termites search for a mating partner with limited reserved energy. We found that their movement activity and diffusiveness progressively declined over extended mate search. Our data-based simulations qualitatively confirmed that the reduced movement diffusiveness decreased the searching efficiency. Also, prolonged search periods reduced survival rate and the number of offspring. Thus, mate search has two different negative effects on termites. Finally, we found that termites with an extended mate search reduced the selectivity of mating partners, where males immediately paired with any encountering females. Thus, termites dramatically changed their mate search behavior depending on their internal states. Our finding highlights that accounting for the searchers' internal states is essential to fill the gap between random search theories and empirical behavioral observations.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Isoquinoline and Pyrido[1,2-b]-isoquinoline Derivatives via Intramolecular Heck Reactions

The palladium(0)-catalyzed reaction of derivatives of γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated esters bearing an N-(2-iodobenzoyl) substituent results in an intramolecular Heck reaction, the outcome of which depends on the structure of the substrate as well as on the experimental conditions. The methodology developed has been applied to the efficient syntheses of chiral isoquinoline and pyrido[1,2-b]–isoquinoline derivatives.

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fundamental Solutions of Dynamic Poroelasticity and Generalized Termoelasticity

Fundamental solutions of dynamic poroelasticity and generalized thermoelasticity are derived in the Laplace transform domain. For poroelasticity, these solutions define the solid displacement field and the fluid pressure in fluid-saturated media due to a point force in the solid and an injection of fluid in the pores. In addition, approximate fundamental solutions for short times are derived by analytically inverting the Laplace transform expressions. Finally numerical results are presented to highlight the essential features of the problem as well as to investigate the accuracy of the time domain solutions.

Topic: Numerical methods in engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
"Tissue" transglutaminase expression in HIV-infected cells: an enzyme with an antiviral effect?

The cytopathic effect of HIV has been shown to be associated with the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation of T cells. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms at the basis of the dramatic immune cell loss caused by HIV in patients suffering from acquired immunodeficient syndrome (AIDS), are not yet fully established. We demonstrated that "tissue" transglutaminase (tTG) gene expression is induced in the immune system of seropositive individuals (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph nodes). tTG is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of fundamentally important cellular functions, in addition to cell death by apoptosis. The presence of high tTG levels in immune-competent cells of HIV+ persons might exert an important role in HIV-infection by influencing viral production. We propose that, in addition to its multiple functions, tTG might interfere with HIV replication by altering the viral mRNA trafficking between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This effect might be due to its specific interaction with eIF5A, a cellular partner of HIV Rev protein, which is essential for HIV replication in immune-competent cells. Given the presence of high tTG levels in HIV+ individuals, it would be of interest to pursue the potential role of this multifunctional protein in the development of strategies aimed at the pharmacologic regulation of HIV production.

Topic: Blood properties and coagulation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PENGARUH DINING ATMOSPHERICS TERHADAP PERCEIVED VALUE, ATTITUDE TOWARDS IMPULSE BUYING DAN BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TOWARDS IMPULSE BUYING

Pengaruh Dining Atmospherics Terhadap Perceived Value, Attitude Towards Impulse Buying, dan Behavioral Intention Towards Impulse Buying (Studi Pada Restoran Double Decker Solo Baru) Rizky Ayu Khoiriyana NIM: S411508005 Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Dining Atmospherics, Perceived Value, Attitude Towards Impulse Buying, dan Behavioral Intention towards Impulse Buying di Restoran Double Decker Solo Baru. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Personally Administrated Questionnaires, yaitu peneliti menyampaikan kuesioner kepada responden dan mengambil kuesioner dengan tujuan agar tingkat pengembalian kuesioner terjaga dalam periode waktu relative pendek. Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel sebanyak 150 responden yaitu konsumen dari Restoran Double Decker Solo Baru yang berkunjung sebanyak satu kali dan berniat untuk melakukan kunjungan selanjutnya. Uji yang dilakukan adalah uji normalitas dan uji reliabilitas, dan menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM) yang dibantu dengan program aplikasi AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel independen yaitu Behavioral Intention towards Impulse Buying mempunyai pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap variabel dependen yaitu Dining Atmospherics, dan variabel dependen yaitu Dining Atmospherics dan Perceived Value juga mempunyai pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap variabel pemediasi yaitu Attitude Towards Impulse Buying, kemudian Variabel pemediasi Attitude Towards Impulse Buying juga mempunyai pengaruh signifikan positif dengan variabel independen yaitu Behavioral Intention Towards Impulse Buying. Kata Kunci: Dining Atmospherics, Perceived Value, Attitude Towards Impulse Buying, Behavioral Intention towards Impulse Buying

Topic: Impulse Buying and Technology Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Urine Removal from Suited Crew in Orion Vehicle Depressurization Scenario

Humankind wants to continually venture deeper into space, but there are many hazards of deep space exploration. NASA’s Orion Program seeks to incrementally identify these hazards and begin addressing the difficulties of such long-duration missions. One of the largest risks and areas of program focus is crew survival in a vehicle cabin depressurization scenario. As part of proactive mitigation efforts, contingency operations and associated hardware are being developed to sustain crew members for up to 6 days. While the Orion launch and entry suit would provide the crew a pressurized safe haven for that duration, additional systems are needed to handle crew waste while within the suit. NASA’s Orion Crew Survival Systems (OCSS) and Collins Aerospace are working together to develop and test an external suit system to aid in the evacuation of urine from pressurized suits to ensure crew health and safety. This paper describes the recent and on-going design and testing that is driving evolution of hardware and requirements towards eventual flight certification.

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Drowning of microbial mounds on the slopes of the Latemar platform (middle Triassic)

Two microbial mound-shaped carbonate bodies buried below the slope deposits of the middle Triassic Latemar platform (Dolomites, Italy) was studied. The two sedimentary bodies, after having reached different stages of evolution, drowned and were covered by the slopes of the Latemar carbonate platform. The estimation of the depth and time at which they were located when they were buried made it possible to infer the average rates of relative sea-level rise to which they were subjected, revealing that such rates exceeded the growth rate of the main Latemar buildup. Given the estimated rates of sea-level rise, the two satellite bodies reached a critical depth at which microbial carbonate production stops, or it is significantly reduced, before being buried. As extensional tectonics was active in the area of the Dolomites during the Anisian, subsidence is the more likely cause of sea level rise. It is therefore hypothesized that the cause of the ultimate drowning of the “mounds” were subsidence rates exceeding their aggradation potential and inducing a progressive deepening that brought them below the lower depth threshold of microbial carbonate production.

Topic: Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
ULUS-DEVLETİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE

21. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde mikro seviyede bölgesel olarak, makro seviyede küresel çapta; ulus oluşumları, devletlerin yaşadığı değişimler, 11 Eylül terör saldırıları sonrası oluşan ortam ve son olarak yakında zamanda Arap ülkelerinde başlayan Arap Baharı; ulus, devlet, etnisite, millet gibi kavramların ve bunların oluşturduğu yapıların gözden geçirilmesini, yenilenmesini ve/veya meydana gelen durum için bir tanımlama yapmayı ve bu tanımlamayı da tartışmayı gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle ulus-devletin tarihsel gelişimi geleneksel devletler ve modern ulus-devlet başlıkları altında anlatılacaktır. İkinci bölümde ise ulus-devletin teorik çerçevesi Batıda, Yeni Kıtada ve Az Gelişmiş Ülkelerde olmak üzere üç ayrı altbaşlıkta incelenecektir. Üçüncü bölümde ise geçmişten günümüze ulus-devletin kazandığı özellikler şiddet araçlarının (tekel) denetimi, toprak, egemenlik, anayasallık, kişisel olmayan iktidarın uygulanması, kamu bürokrasisi, otorite ve meşruiyet ve son olarak yurttaşlık başlıkları altında ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Sonuç kısmında ise geçmişten günümüze anlatılan ulus-devletin yaşadığı dönüşüm ile ilgili olarak içinde bulunduğu durum ve geleceği konusunda bir değerlendirmeye gidilecektir.

Topic: Families in Therapy and Culture
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 986367: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Secretion of LamB-LacZ by the Signal Recognition Particle Pathway of <i>Escherichia coli</i>

ABSTRACT LamB-LacZ fusion proteins have classically been used in studies of the general secretion pathway of Escherichia coli . Here we describe how increasing signal sequence hydrophobicity routes LamB-LacZ Hyb42-1 to the signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway. Secretion of this hydrophobic fusion variant (H*LamB-LacZ) was reduced in the absence of fully functional Ffh and Ffs, and the translocator jamming caused by Hyb42-1 was prevented by efficient delivery of the fusion to the periplasm. Finally, we found that in the absence of the ribosome-associated chaperone, trigger factor (Tig), LamB-LacZ localized to the periplasm in a SecA-dependent, SRP-independent fashion. Collectively, our results provide compelling in vivo evidence that there is an SRP-dependent cotranslational targeting mechanism in E. coli and argue against a role for trigger factor in pathway discrimination.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The BP-M* Methodology for Process Analysis in the Health Sector

In this paper we present the main phases of the BP-M* methodology and its application to a care pathway for patients in the Oncology Division of a large hospital, to evaluate pros and cons of different drug administration modalities and the impact of these modalities to the organizational process. BP-M* has been developed for the manufacturing sector but the relevance of business modeling, analysis and reorganization is not restricted to a specific sector. The aim of this work is to show its application to a real life study of a complex process in the health sector.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Introduction

In describing the current state of modern scholarship on Islamic legal theory, this introductory chapter explains the dominant conceptions and misconceptions about the genre. Through a vignette and theoretical examples, it explains how legal theorists navigated rigid historical precedents to argue for new ways of justifying inherited law. These justifications affect how law should ideally be applied, and feed into syllogisms that operate by what C. S. Peirce calls ‘abductive logic’. Taken together, these arguments form narratives that describe an ideal world in which God's presence is manifested through jurisprudence. The chapter also outlines the remainder of the books and its structure.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Designing a Muscle like System Based on PID Controller and Tuned by Neural Network

This paper presents a study on a muscle like system based on a PID controller tuned by a neural network. The approach is based on a non linear muscle model using system identification based on a NNARX (neural network autoregressive exogenous) structure. This model is used in a special configuration of an MLP in order to let the output of the closed loop formed by the motor and controller to follow that of this non linear muscle model. Two structures are compared and the robustness of the approach is tested with different models of DC motors.

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Representing a long emergency: New approaches to urban change in literary and cultural studies

The introduction to this Special Issue considers how literary and cultural representations of cities in transition contribute to interdisciplinary vocabularies for describing urban change beyond gentrification. By ‘urban change’ we refer to shifts in city and regional planning and real estate development, but also to environmental events, patterns of migration and informal uses of the city that shape how urban places transform. The introduction frames scholarship about what gentrification can and should describe as a debate about language and representation. We revisit critical discussions of gentrification and turn to areas of urbanist scholarship that have effectively modelled more specific approaches to describing urban change. We introduce the five articles in the Special Issue and contextualize how their engagement with representations of urban change in London, metropolitan Delhi, Lubumbashi, New York and Manchester intervene in interdisciplinary urban scholarship by offering new tools for describing urban change amid neo-liberal globalization.

Topic: Urban Planning and Governance
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pelestarian Tradisi Nyorog di Era Globalisasi: Pandangan Masyarakat Betawi antara Nilai Islam dan Tantangan Modernitas

The Nyorog tradition is a cultural practice among the Betawi people that involves sending food packages or gifts to family members or elders in preparation for the holy month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. This study aims to explore the perspectives of Betawi society toward the Nyorog tradition in the era of globalization and to examine the Islamic values embedded within it. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and a case study method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that despite shifts in form due to modern lifestyles, the core values of Nyorog—such as respect for elders, maintaining family ties, charitable giving, and character education—remain well-preserved and appreciated across generations. The tradition also serves as an educational medium to instill Islamic values from an early age. Preservation efforts through family roles, cultural leaders, and community-based initiatives are crucial in sustaining the cultural identity of the Betawi people amidst contemporary challenges.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Combined treatment for gastric carcinoma

Objective To evaluate the effect of combined treatment for gastric carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 204 patients with gastric carcinoma treated from October 1984 to October 1994 in our hospital were retrospectively analysed. Results The five year survival rate in the combined therapy group was 41.2%, while in the single surgical therapy group was 20.6%(P0.01). Conclusions The combined treatment including surgical therapy, peritoneal instillation chemotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy can greatly improve the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences