jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
05 - HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN C1 TRANSGENESIS TO INHIBIT CETP AND TO ATTENUATE ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS

Objective. Apolipoprotein (apo) C1 is a 6.6 kDa protein associated with HDL and VLDL. ApoC1 alters triglyceride clearance by inhibiting lipolysis and VLDL uptake, and it also favors cholesterol accumulation in HDL, especially by inhibiting CETP. Apart from studies in mice, which lack CETP, the impact of apoC1 on atherosclerosis in animal models which express CETP, like in humans, is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the net effect of human apoC1 on atherosclerosis in rabbits, a species with naturally high CETP activity but dysfunctional apoC1.Approach and Results. Rabbits expressing a human apoC1 transgene (HuApoC1Tg) were generated. Significant amounts of human apoC1 were measured in plasma of the transgenic rabbits. In chow-fed animals, the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in HuApoC1Tg than in WT animals (0.83u00b10.11 versus 0.73u00b10.11 mmol/L, respectively, p&lt;0.05. It was associated with significantly lower CETP activity (cholesteryl ester transfer rate, -10%, p&lt;0.05; specific CETP activity, -14%, p&lt;0.05). In cholesterol-fed HuApoC1 rabbits, HDL displayed a reduced ability to serve as CETP substrates (-25%, p&lt;0.05) compared with HDL from WT rabbits, accounting in part for the rise in plasma HDL cholesterol level and PON-1 activity. Importantly, atherosclerosis lesions after cholesterol feeding were significantly less extensive in HuApoC1Tg rabbits than in WT littermates (-22%, p&lt;0.05).Conclusion. Expression of fully functional human apoC1 in transgenic rabbit plasma inhibits CETP activity, increases plasma HDL levels and attenuates atherosclerosis.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Casting acute fractures. Part 1--Commonly asked questions.

The primary care physician traditionally applies the first cast. This coincides with the time of greatest risk as fractures are potentially unstable, and swelling is often anticipated rather than actually present. The swelling and associated morbidity from a cast can be considerable. Optimising comfort, function and safety in the initial cast is multifactorial. Attention to these factors gives a far better short and long term outcome for the patient. This also reduces medicolegal risk and the cost of unplanned return visits due to unnecessary morbidity.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Experimental and Theoretical Study on Bicyclo-3,4-Dihydropyrimidinone Derivative: Synthesis and DFT Calculation

We report here an efficient and green method for fused Biginelli condensation reaction of aldehydes, cyclopentanone, and urea catalyzed by nano ZrO2-SO3H under solvent-free conditions. The prospect of the reusability of this catalyst has also been demonstrated without compromising on the yield of the product. On the whole, the protocol presented here is an excellent alternative to many of the previously reported procedures. So, Optimized molecular structures have been investigated by DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. Stability of some 4-aryl-7-benzylidene-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-4-phenyl-2H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-one (2 a-j) derivatives and intramolecular interactions bond has been analyzed by using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of TGF-ß in Mesangial Matrix Accumulation in Chronic Progressive Glomerular Disease

Lesions of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are a pathological hallmark of progressive glomerular injury.Glomerulosclerosis frequently complicates most renal diseases, and is characterized by the collapse of the glomerular tuft with the accumulation of mesangial matrix.Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis in renal cells.TGF-ß is secreted as latent complexes, which are stored in the ECM to provide stability to the active molecule and a readily activable source of it (Lawrence 2001).Overexpression of active TGF-ß1 in transgenic mice causes mesangial expansion and thickened capillary loops in the glomeruli (Kopp et al. 1996), while monoclonal antibody to TGF-ß reduces the glomerulosclerosis in experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) (Yu et al. 2004) and diabetic nephropathy (Benigni et al. 2003;Ziyadeh et al. 2000).Cultured mesangial cells secrete TGF-ß and ECM proteins in response to various fibrogenic stimuli (Kim et al. 2001;Lee et al. 2004; Lee and Song 2009a;Ziyadeh et al. 1994Ziyadeh et al. , 1998)).In chronic mesangial diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and diabetic nephropathy, TGF-ß1 mRNA expression by mesangial cells is increased, yet mesangial immunostaining for active TGF-ß1 is frequently negative (Kim et al. 2002;Stein-Oakley et al. 1997;Wahab et al. 2005).Only podocytes covering the sclerotic segments exhibit increased expression of TGF-ß1 protein (Kim et al. 2002;Wahab et al. 2005).These findings suggest that mesangial cells secrete latent TGF-ß in chronic mesangial disease, which may be localized to the podocyte surface to be activated (Lee and Song 2009b).Podocytes are the target of injury in most glomerular diseases.Expression of TGF-ß mRNA and/or protein by podocytes is increased in progressive podocyte diseases, such as primary FSGS, membranous nephropathy, Alport syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome (

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacognostical standardization of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt root

Abstract Introduction: Coccinia grandis is known for its hypoglyceamic and antidiabetic activities. Various parts of the plant have been reported to possess potential therapeutic activity through literature survey. The goal of this study is to identify this traditional medicine by evaluating the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of C. grandis roots. Macro-microscopic features, powder microscopic analysis and histochemical screening assist the proper discrimination between species within the genus Coccinia. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopic, anatomical characters of root, powder microscopy and histo-chemistry were performed. Phytochemical characteristics of root was determined by HPTLC methods. Results: Pharmacognostical studies provided accurate authentication of the root sample. Histochemical study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, starch grains, oil globules, phenolics, lignin, etc., in the root. HPTLC profiling revelaed chemical fingerprint of the root sample. Discussion and Conclusion: This study revealed the macro-microscopical properties and phytochemical characteristics of C. grandis . The presence of therapeutic compounds in the root revealed in histochemical localisation can be attributed to the antidiabetic, hypoglyceamic and antioxidant activities of the plant.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Traumatic Tear of the Descending Aorta due to the fractured edge of the 7th rib; a case report

A 72-year-old male suffered a traumatic tear of the descending aorta and multiple rib fractures in a railway accident. The chest X-ray film revealed fractures of the left 5th to 11th ribs and hemo-pneumothorax, but no mediastinal hematoma suggesting aortic rupture. We operated 25 hours after the trauma because of shock state due to massive bleeding in the pleural cavity. During surgery a tear of the descending aorta was observed at the level of the 7th thoracic vertebral body. The fractured edge of the left 7th rib protruded into the pleural cavity. This seemed to be the cause of the aortic tear. Our case is the first clinical report of a thoracic aortic tear caused by such a mechanism. Multiple rib fractures near the vertebrae can cause aortic damage.

Topic: Trauma Management and Diagnosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Central retinal artery occlusion with an irido-embolus following carotid endarterectomy.

Endarterectomy is often the treatment of choice in carotid artery disease displaying significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery. This procedure is not without its complications, the most visually devastating being central retinal artery occlusion and secondary neovascularization. Such a case is presented here along with the interesting finding of a cholesterol irido-embolus, apparently the first citation in the ophthalmic literature to date.

Topic: Retinal and Optic Conditions
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determinants of Indonesia Government Bond Yield

Obligasi merupakan instrumen pendanaan penting bagi Pemerintah Indonesia. Bagi investor, obligasi pemerintah merupakan instrumen investasi yang penting. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Indonesia dan investor perlu memahami faktor-faktor domestik dan global yang dapat mempengaruhi yield obligasi pemerintah tersebut. Dengan memperhitungkan faktor-faktor ini di sebuah model, Pemerintah Indonesia dapat menghitung imbal hasil optimal untuk penerbitan/pembelian kembali obligasinya, dan investor juga menghitung imbal hasil optimal untuk membeli/mejual obligasi pemerintah tersebut. Riset ini fokus untuk meneliti apakah tingkat suku bunga jangka pendek, inflasi, spread CDS, imbal hasil obligasi pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan rasio IDR/USD spot dan forward memilki pengaruh signifikan terhadap yield obligasi Pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa regresi dengan yield obligasi pemerintah berjangka waktu 10 tahun sebagai variabel dependen dan lima faktor lainnya sebagai variabel independen. Riset ini menunjukkan bahwa yield obligasi pemerintah berjangka waktu 10 tahun dipengaruhi secara positif oleh yield obligasi pemerintah Amerika Serikat, spread CDS, inflasi dan JIBOR, sementara dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh rasio IDR/USD spot dan forward. Disamping itu, yield tersebut juga dipengaruhi oleh residual pada periode sebelumnya. 

Bond has become an important financing instrument for Indonesia Government. For investors, the government bond has also become an important investment instrument. Therefore, it is important for Indonesia government, domestic and foreign investors to understand domestic and global factors that influence yield of the government bond yield. Acknowledging these factors in a model will allow the government to calculate optimal yield for issuance of or buyback the government bonds. Similarly, the model will allow investors to calculate optimal yield for purchasing or selling the government bond. This research focuses to examine whether short-term interest rate, inflation, credit default swap spread, US Treasury Yield and ratio IDR/USD spot and forward rate have significant effects on Indonesia government bond yield. The study uses regression analysis with the 10-year government bond yield as the dependent variable and the five factors as independent variables. This research finds that Indonesia 10-year government bond yield is positively affected by the US Treasury Yield, CDS spread, inflation and JIBOR, while negatively affected by ratio IDR/USD spot and 12-month forward. In addition, current 10-year government bond yield is also affected by residual in the previous period.

Topic: Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Erratum: “An evaluation of solid‐state detectors for the relative dosimetry of kilovoltage X‐ray beams”

In this study, we evaluated the dosimetric performance of a range of solid-state detectors for kilovoltage dosimetry. Unfortunately, two plots in Figure 4, PDDs for 300 kVp X-ray beams of the Semiflex and PinPoint ionization chambers accidently had incorrect data. As a result, the dose difference with the increase in depth for the PDDs of Semiflex and PinPoint chambers compared to Advanced Markus chamber reaching a maximum variation of 15.3% and 7.8% for Semiflex and PinPoint chamber, respectively, in the published paper changed to 1% and 1.2%. A corrected version of Figure 4 has attached below. Figure legend is not subject to change. FIGURE 4 PDD in water for a 300 kVp X-ray beam (HVL of 3.1 mm Cu) with a 10 × 10 cm2 applicator (top) and a 20 × 20 cm2 applicator (bottom) with an FSD of 50 cm. All PDD readings are normalized to a depth of 5 mm

Topic: Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emotional labor in service roles - conceptualization, theories and research

The topic of emotions in the workplace is beginning to draw attention from researchers and theorists. In many work settings, employees are expected to exert effort in the management of emotions in order to conform to the norms of organizations. This is called emotional labor, a term coined by Hochschild (1983). Emotional labor is the display of expected emotions by service agents during service encounters. The article reviews and compares different ways of conceptualizing emotional labor. The authors have used a variety of definitions, reflecting differences in emphasis: for Ashforth and Humphrey (1993), emotional labor is an observable behavior; for Morris and Feldman (1996), it is a state of emotional dissonance; and for Hochschild (1983) and Grandey (2000), it is a process of emotion regulation (at deep and surface levels). Emotional labor has been widely studied and is of considerable interest in relation to outcomes such as perceived stress, burnout and sense of accomplishment. The article presents research findings concerning consequences of emotional labor for both employees and organizations. In conclusion, some problems and future research directions were put forward.

Topic: Emotional Labor in Professions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Parental Choice in the Buenos Aires Bilingual School Market

The issue of parental choice of school for their child has been a topical one in many contexts worldwide, and work has been undertaken in a number of national contexts to investigate the many factors at work in influencing such choice. This article considers parental choice within the specific context of bilingual (Spanish/ English) schools in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and, on the basis of questionnaires and interviews with parents in two such schools, draws conclusions about the factors which lead to a particular school being selected for the education of children in this context.

Topic: Immigration and Intercultural Education
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New insight into the performance analysis of flow-electrode capacitive deionization by varying the operation voltage

In the flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), the highly activated porous carbon electrodes of slurry phase flows through the channels of current collectors and adsorbs the salt ions when a voltage is applied. In this study, the effect of voltage on the performance of a FCDI cell is experimentally investigated. The voltage is applied on the top corner of a FCDI cell (Vapply) and simultaneously the voltage of central cell (Vcell) is measured. The experiments were conducted by applying voltages from 0.6 to 3.9 V. The experimental results show that the difference between Vapply and Vcell is a function of salt concentrations of the feed water. The higher voltages (Vapply>1.2V) can be used for increasing the salt removal efficiency (E) for higher salt water concentrations without electrolysis. Also, the results show that E increases along with the applied voltage. A series of pH measurements were done in regard to investigation of electrolysis point of the setup.

Topic: Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Outcomes of the Thriving Hives Beginning Beekeeping Extension Education

The Thriving Hives Beginning Beekeeping Education program caters to novice beekeepers to promote best practices, confidence in beekeeping skills, and healthy apiaries around the state. A major objective of the program is to educate participants on the management of Varroa mites in their hives.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Internet, Global Healthcare Management Systems, and Sustainable Development: Future Scenarios

Abstract Telecommunications technologies and the Internet offer a revolution in management of global healthcare systems and sustainable development. This paper explores emergent telecommunications infrastructures and their consequences for the future of healthcare management using a scenario methodology. A world systems view from evolutionary economics provides a unique perspective on sustainable development. System performance on the dimensions of universal access, equitable resource allocation and consumer participation are evaluated in light of ideological, political and cultural considerations of governance. Alternative scenarios vary according to market dynamics led by healthcare institutions (push) or by consumer demand (pull), and according to system control mechanisms that may be technologically embedded, institutional or behavioural. The scenario analysis suggests that telecommunications technologies and the Internet may contribute significantly to improve global healthcare system performance, to manage ideological diversity and to reduce the wide inequities that separate the industrialized nations from the developing world.

Topic: University-Industry-Government Innovation Models
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
An Ensemble Approach for Classification of Breast Histopathology Images

This paper presents an approach to classify breast histopathology images based on the mitotic count. An ensemble of handcrafted features, a bag of features (BoF), and convolutional neural network (CNN) are done for mitosis detection. Initially, mitotic regions are segmented followed by extraction of handcrafted features, BoF, and CNN-learned features from the candidate region. A non-linear support vector machine with Gaussian radial basis function kernel is used for the classification of each feature set independently. The proposed work utilizes the main tissue components of the images in an ensemble style to correctly classify the input histopathology image into benign or malignant. It also enables to maximize the performance by leveraging the disconnected feature set. Publicly available ICPR 2012 and 2014 mitosis dataset of is used for evaluation. The proposed ensemble method yielded a much improved F1 score. Better accuracy and fewer computing resources of our approach make it feasible for clinical use.

Topic: AI in cancer detection
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comment on egusphere-2023-1703

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Extreme heatwaves are one of the most impactful natural hazards, posing risks to human health, infrastructure and ecosystems. Recent theoretical as well as observational studies suggested that the vertical temperature structure during heatwaves limits the magnitude of near-surface heat through convective instability. In this study, we thus examine in detail the vertical temperature structure during three recent record-shattering heatwaves, the Pacific Northwest (PNW) heatwave in 2021, the Western Russia (RU) heatwave in 2010, and the West European and UK (UK) heatwave in 2022 by decomposing temperature anomalies (<em>T'</em>) in the entire tropospheric column above the surface into contributions from advection, adiabatic warming and cooling, and diabatic processes. All three heatwaves exhibited bottom-heavy yet vertically deep positive <em>T'</em> extending throughout the troposphere. Importantly, though, the <em>T'</em> magnitude and the underlying physical processes vary greatly in the vertical within each heatwave, as well as across distinct heatwaves, reflecting the diverse synoptic storylines of these events. The PNW heatwave was strongly influenced by an upstream cyclone and an associated warm conveyor belt, which amplified an extreme quasi-stationary ridge and generated substantial mid- to upper-tropospheric positive <em>T'</em> through advection and diabatic heating. In some contrast, positive upper-tropospheric <em>T'</em> during the RU heatwave was caused by advection, while during the UK heatwave, it exhibited modest positive diabatic contributions from upstream latent heating only during the early phase of the respective ridge. Adiabatic warming notably contributed positively to lower tropospheric <em>T'</em> in all three heatwaves, but only in the lowermost 200&ndash;300 hPa. Near the surface, all three processes contributed positively to <em>T'</em> in the PNW and RU heatwave, while near-surface diabatic <em>T'</em> was negligible during the UK heatwave. Moreover, there is clear evidence for an amplification and downward propagation of adiabatic <em>T'</em> during the PNW and UK heatwaves, whereby the maximum near-surface <em>T'</em> coincided with the arrival of maximum adiabatic <em>T'</em> in the boundary layer. Additionally, the widespread "ageing" of near-surface <em>T'</em> over the course of these events now quantitatively supports the notion of heat domes, within which air recirculates and accumulates heat. Our results for the first time document the four-dimensional functioning of anticyclone-heatwave couplets in terms of advection, adiabatic and diabatic cooling or warming, and shed light on the complex interplay between large-scale dynamics, moist convection and boundary layer processes that ultimately determines near-surface temperatures during heatwaves.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Single‐institution review of managing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

Abstract Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ( DFSP ) is a rare locally advanced soft‐tissue tumour that is often misdiagnosed at presentation, resulting in inadequate initial resection, requiring multiple resections and reconstructive procedures. We reviewed our experience and treatment outcomes with this tumour and propose a treatment strategy. Methods A retrospective study on 25 patients with 26 lesions treated from 1997 to 2013 was conducted. Results The median age of presentation was 44 years old and the median lesion size was 3.0 cm. The median number of resections required to achieve clear margins was 2. Eight per cent of lesions in the head and neck required a second surgery, significantly more than other regions ( P = 0.004). Five patients had frozen section performed that allowed immediate re‐resection in all to obtain clear margins in 80% when final histology returned. Fourteen patients (56%) required reconstruction following wide excision, five of whom had DFSP in the head and neck. Four patients developed a local recurrence and had a repeat wide excision. The median time to recurrence was 11.3 months. Median follow‐up time was 29.8 months. Conclusion Wide local excision with 2‐cm gross margins remains the mainstay of treatment. Lesions in the head and neck region tend to have smaller margins and a greater likelihood of positive margins. We propose that the initial resection must be aggressive, even if a flap is necessitated. Frozen section histology with immediate re‐resection reduces the need for repeat surgeries. Primary closure is ideal; but in areas where complex reconstruction is required, it is prudent to delay until final histology has cleared the margins.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences