jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sublethal toxicity of cyanide to the tropical marine fish Dascyllus aruanus

The use of NACN in collecting tropical marine fish for the hobby trade results in high mortality rates of the captured fish, plus the destruction of the associated coral reef. Despite its widespread use, little is known of sublethal effects of cyanide to tropical marine fish. The objectives were two-fold: (1) determine the concentration/time exposure regime that results in exposed fish being anesthetized but surviving long enough for export and (2) through the measurement of several physiological endpoints, identify a biomarker indicative of sublethal cyanide exposure. Hand caught Dascyllus aruanus were exposed to 25 and 50 ppm cyanide solutions for periods of 10-, 60- and 120-s. Two weeks following exposure, hemoglobin concentration, blood [O{sub 2}], and liver O{sub 2} consumption rate were determined. Only the 120-s exposure at 25 and 50 ppm proved lethal (42% and 0% survival respectively). Liver O{sub 2} consumption rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the 50 ppm, 10- and 60-s exposed versus control fish (2.0 {+-} 0.4 and 2.56 {+-} 0.1 versus 5.4 {+-} 2.0 ml/mg/min, respectively: values = mean {+-} 1.S.D.). O{sub 2} consumption rate for the 25 ppm, 10-s exposed fish was also significantly lower (P < 0.05) versus control fishmore » (0.9 {+-} 0.5 versus 2.3 {+-} 0.7 respectively). In contrast, no difference in O{sub 2} consumption rate between the 25 ppm, 60-s exposed versus control fish was noted (2.4 {+-} 0.8 versus 2.3 {+-} 0.7 respectively). Hemoglobin concentration tended to be lower in fish exposed to 50 ppm, 10- and 60-s exposed fish versus that of controls. Hemoglobin concentration results were inconclusive for the 25 ppm exposed versus the control fish. Blood [O{sub 2}] was highly variable with no apparent trends between exposed versus control fish. Sublethal exposure to cyanide clearly results in impaired liver function indicated by depressed O{sub 2} consumption rate.« less

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ADAMTS16 Suppression by MicroRNA-25 Leads to Oncogenic Properties in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Introduction: Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in modulating tumor growth. This study is centered on investigating the contribution of miR-25 to the progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Methods: The investigators examined the expression levels of miR-25 and ADAMTS16 in RCC samples and cell lines. The association between miR-25 and ADAMTS16 was validated via a luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated utilizing CCK-8 and flow cytometry techniques, while the expression levels of ADAMTS16, β-catenin, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were assessed through western blot analysis. Results: The investigation revealed elevated expression levels of miR-25 in RCC tissues. Subsequently, ADAMTS16 was identified as a target of miR-25. Increased miR-25 levels were associated with decreased expression of ADAMTS16, resulting in enhanced cell viability and diminished apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of miR-25 led to decreased cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, the researchers observed that miR-25 triggered the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and β-catenin while leaving the total GSK-3β level unaffected. Conclusion: This study suggests that miR-25 regulates the expression of ADAMTS16 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing new insights into the cause and potential treatment of RCC.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 282332: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coronaviruses' sugar shields as vaccine candidates.

A successful global healthcare response relies on versatile vaccines and production of broadly virus-neutralizing antibodies by the immune system to protect us from emerging infectious diseases. The present 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic highlights the urgent need for development of anti-viral biodefense. Due to the genetic and proteomic diversities of viral pathogens, establishing versatile anti-viral vaccines or therapeutic agents is highly challenging. Carbohydrate antigens represent an important class of immunological targets for vaccine development and immunotherapy against microbial infections. In this mini review, some concepts and strategies for exploring the potential of immunogenic sugar moieties as CoV vaccine candidates are presented.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful retreatment with sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir for cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b, who discontinued the prior treatment with asunaprevir plus daclatasvir: A case series and review of the literature

Retreatment with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir is effective for HCV GT-1b patients who discontinue the combination of daclatasvir and asunaprevir within 4 weeks. The treatment response should be related to the existence of treatment-emergent HCV NS5A RAVs, but may not be related to the short duration of treatment.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Systemic Risk in Financial Systems: Properties of Equilibria

Eisenberg and Noe (2001) analyze systemic risk for financial institutions linked by a network of liabilities. They show that the solution to their model is unique when the financial system is satisfies a regularity condition involving risk orbits. We show that this condition is not needed: a unique solution always exists.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Human Chordomas

Abstract Background: Chordoma is a rare and aggressive bone tumor with high recurrence. The intra-tumoral heterogeneity of chordomas is poorly understood, limiting the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to delineate the transcriptomic landscape of chordomas. Six tumor samples of pathologically classical chordomas were obtained, and 33,737 cells that passed quality control were included in the analysis. Results: The main cellular populations identified with specific markers were: chordomas cells (6392, 47.6%), fibroblasts (6945, 20.6%), mononuclear phagocytes (4734, 14.0%), and T/NK cells (3944, 11.7%). Downstream analysis was performed according to each cellular population. There were six subclusters of chordomas, which exhibited properties of an epithelial-like extracellular matrix, and stem cells with immunosuppression. Although few immune checkpoint was detected on cytotoxic immune cells such as T and NK cells, there was strong immunosuppression exerted by Tregs and M2 macrophages. In addition, the cellular interactions indicated an enhanced TGF-β signaling pathway as the main mechanism for tumor progression, invasion, and immunosuppression in chordomas. Conclusion: Our study contribute to the clarification of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and may pave the way to identify potential therapeutic targets in chordomas.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Method of Co-registering Multiple Magnetic Resonance Imaged Vocal Tract Volumes for Fricatives

In a study of fricative production, Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to acquire three-dimensional tract geometries of fricatives produced in four different vowel contexts. Short scan sequences were used to image multiple productions of each fricative in a single session. Although minimizing the number of tokens, this resulted in a coarser spatial resolution in some parts of the tract, which required a different approach to assembling vocal tract volumes. Sagittal, axial and oblique-coronal imaging orientations were chosen to best resolve the tract in the mid-sagittal plane, the pharynx, and around the fricative constriction. Each fricative token was acquired using a 37 second imaging sequence. Dental impressions were imaged separately. Three corresponding point clouds were created by sampling air-tissue boundaries in each image stack, and aligned using anatomical landmarks on the face and spinal column, creating a single, multiply-sampled volume. Area functions were estimated using the most suitable data source at each region of the tract. Vocal tract models were constructed for eight fricatives produced in four vowel contexts by four speakers of American English. The advantages of this method of tract modeling, and its automatic application to potentially variable MRI data sources will be discussed. [Funded by NIH-NIDCD-RO1-DC006705]

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies in the diphenyl series.

The result of the experimental work outlined below (1-4) appear to be in conflict with the stereochemical formula for diphenyl proposed by Kaufler. (1) 4-Hydroxylaminodiphenyl, 4-nitrosomethlaminodiphenyl, and 4-benzoylhydroxy-4 -acetylaminodiphenyl did not show the migration reactions characteristic if their benzene analogues. 4-Diacetylhydroxylaminodiphenyl was converted by hydrochloride acid into 3-chloro-4-aminodiphenyl. (2) Alkaloidal salts of 2-carboxydiphenyl, diphenic acid, and methyl hydrogen diphenate were crystallised without indication of resolution into optically active components. (3) The condensation products of benzidine with benzil, benzoin, and diacetyl were found not to be of simple character. (4) Tetramethylbenzidine when nitrated under varying conditions gave rise to position isomerised only. An alternative formula for diphenyl suggested by Turner (Nature, 1923, 112, 439) cannot be of wide application, since it has now been shown that the reactive hydrogen atom in both 4-dimethylaminodiphenyl and 4-hydroxydiphenyl is that in the 3-position. That antecedent substitution in the directing group is of considerable importance in determining the position taken by the entering radical follows from the results obtained in the nitration of 4-benzylideneaminodiphenyl, 4acetylaminodipjenyl, 4-p-toluenesulphonylaminodipenyl, and 4-p-toluenesulponylhydroxydiphenyl and in the bromination od 4-aminodiphenyl and 4-hydroxydiphenyl, and 4-methoxydipenyl is described in detail. Derivatives of 3:4-diaminodiphenyl are described, and a contribution made to the chemistry of the benztriazoles. A brief summary of the theoretical part is given on p. 35, whilst a summary of the experimental part (with a list of the 65 new compounds described) is given on p. 69.

Topic: Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Indexes, Happy and Unhappy Hunting Grounds

Indexers devote thought and toil to the effort to place subject matter where searchers are most likely to look for it. They must avoid the pitfalls of omitting significant information, burying information under obscure listings, and making poor choice of nomenclature. The searcher must bear in mind connections between English and Latin derivations, reason out probable preferred locations for entries not as precise as chemical names, check specific as well as general terms, and take into consideration peculiarities that creep into the English language from foreign language sources. Successful searching demands a balanced blend of training, experience, and common sense.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions

Research Article| January 01 2014 Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions Kenneth J. Arrow; Kenneth J. Arrow Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Robert C. Lind Robert C. Lind * Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research (2014) 6 (1): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2014.867640 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Kenneth J. Arrow, Robert C. Lind; Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 1 January 2014; 6 (1): 29–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2014.867640 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressJournal of Natural Resources Policy Research Search Advanced Search Issue Section: ARTICLE You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of the biota diversity on the composition of low-molecular-weight water-soluble organic compounds in southern tundra soils

Water extracts from the organic horizons of southern-tundra loamy permafrost-affected soils (a surface-gleyed tundra soil, a surface-gleyed soddy tundra soil (Haplic Stagnosols (Gelic)), and a peaty tundra soil (Histic Cryosol (Reductaquic)) and their undecomposed moss layers have been analyzed. The total weight concentration of the cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) determined by the atomic absorption method reaches 20 mg/dm3 in the organic horizons and 40–90 mg/dm3 in the undecomposed moss layers. Potassium and calcium ions dominate in all the organic horizons (80–90% of the total weight); potassium ions prevail in the mosses (about 70%). The weight concentration of carbon in the water-soluble organic compounds is 0.04–0.07 g/dm3 in the organic horizons and 0.20–0.40 g/dm3 in the undecomposed moss layers. The content of low-molecular-weight organic compounds (alcohols, carbohydrates, and acids) identified by gas chromatography and chromatomass spectrometry is 1–30 mg/dm3 in the organic horizons of the soils and 80–180 mg/dm3 in the mosses, which does not exceed 26% of the total organic carbon in the extracts.

Topic: Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New flavon glucuronides, scopoletin glycosides from the roots of Althaea officinalis L. and anti-hyaluronidase-1 activity

Aqueous extracts from the roots of Althea officinalis L. are used for treatment of cough and irritation of the mucosal membranes. Recent investigations indicated specific stimulation of proliferation of epithelial KB cells by aqueous marshmallow extract [1]. Phytochemical investigation of a polysaccharide-depleted methanol-water (1:1) extract (RE) revealed the presence of the flavons Hypolaetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-1''',4''-β-O-D-glucopyranoside, Hypolaetin-4'-methlyether-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-2″-O-sulfate, Hypolaetin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-2″-O-sulfate, Isoscutellarein-4'-methlyether-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyransoide-3″-O-sulfate and Hypolaetin-4'-methylether-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyransoide-3″-O-sulfate, beside the cumarin Scopoletin-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-rhamnoside which are all not described so far. Furthermore the extract was shown to contain 5 different N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acid amides, mono- and oligosaccharides, amino acids and glycinbetain.

Topic: Morinda citrifolia extract uses
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
RanKer: An AI-Based Employee-Performance Classification Scheme to Rank and Identify Low Performers

An organization’s success depends on its employees, and an employee’s performance decides whether the organization is successful. Employee performance enhances the productivity and output of organizations, i.e., the performance of an employee paves the way for the organization’s success. Hence, analyzing employee performance and giving performance ratings to employees is essential for companies nowadays. It is evident that different people have different skill sets and behavior, so data should be gathered from all parts of an employee’s life. This paper aims to provide the performance rating of an employee based on various factors. First, we compare various AI-based algorithms, such as random forest, artificial neural network, decision tree, and XGBoost. Then, we propose an ensemble approach, RanKer, combining all the above approaches. The empirical results illustrate that the efficacy of the proposed model compared to traditional models such as random forest, artificial neural network, decision tree, and XGBoost is high in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy.

Topic: AI and HR Technologies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 1 of Dihydromyricetin ameliorated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by regulating the composition of serous lipids, bile acids and ileal microflora

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer sequences used for RT-qPCR of the tested genes and RT-qPCR reaction conditions. Table S2. The serum bile acids levels (n=7).

Topic: Medicinal plant effects and applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immunogenetics of inflammatory myopathies.

The genes most commonly considered when investigating immunogenetic associations with autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory muscle disease (IMD), are those encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the T-cell receptor (TCR) genes and the immunoglobulin genes. In caucasoids HLA DR3 is associated with adult polymyositis (PM) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and is probably increased in frequency in adult DM. In inclusion body myositis (IBM) DR3 and DR1 have been separately reported to be increased but few patients have been analysed. The DR3 in IMD is almost always present on the ancestral haplotype marked by HLA-B8, C4A*Q0 and DR3 and presumably accounts for the association with C4A*Q0 which has been reported in some subgroups of IMD. In other races the associations are less clear although DR6 may be increased in blacks with PM. In PM, DR3 is strongly associated with the presence of antibodies to histidyl tRNA synthetase (Jo-1). DR52 is even more strongly associated with the presence of this autoantibody and this association can be demonstrated in black and white patients. It is unlikely that DR3 is associated with autoantibodies to other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases or signal recognition proteins although fewer cases have been reported and racial differences may exist. Antibodies to the Pm-Scl antigen are also associated with DR3 while autoantibodies to Mi-2 may be associated with DR53. In caucasoids DR4 was increased in D-penicillamine induced IMD but again there may be inter-racial differences. Amongst caucasoids with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) there is an increased frequency of DR4 and this allele is associated with the development of antibodies to ribonucleoprotein (RNP). In other races the data are minimal. Very few investigations of associations between TCR polymorphisms or immunoglobulin allotypes and IMD have been reported. The phenotype Gm 3;5 has been associated with PM in caucasoids and may interact with DR3 in predisposing to disease. The Gm phenotype 1,3;5,21 has been associated with MCTD and with the development of anti-RNP, with or without MCTD, in caucasoids. Multiple genetic factors are likely to determine the development of IMD and the particular combination of alleles at predisposing loci may differ between races and according to the inducing agent. Furthermore, the predisposing genetic factors may vary between subgroups of IMD.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
BUDAYA ORGANISASI PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI JIWA DI INDONESIA

Abstract. This research aims at exploring organizational culture in life insurance company in Indonesia, i.e. Prudential Indonesia and JIWASRAYA and its contribution to financial performance, This study used a qualitative approach with case study research, using exploratory and descriptive research design supported by successive approximation of technical data analysis. The research found six proposition as follows: 1) Consistent and appropriate strategy with the system and business orientation will determine the success of the corporate,, 2) Planning of Human Resources integrated with corporate plan will improve the affectivity of Human Resources management, 3) Organization structure and system in accordance with internal and external environment will support development of business, 4) Working process of customer satisfaction and result-oriented is needed to support development of corporate business, 5) Organization culture implemented in the course of action has strategic role to improve corporate performance, and 6) Consistent socialization and application of corporate culture will give contribution on financial performance. Keywords: life insurance company, organizational culture, qualitative, case study and successive approximation

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comment on esd-2020-85

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Studies of emergent constraints have frequently proposed that a single metric can constrain future responses of the Earth system to anthropogenic emissions. Here, we illustrate that strong relationships between observables and future climate across an ensemble can arise from common structural model assumptions with few degrees of freedom. Such cases have the potential to produce strong yet overconfident constraints when processes are represented in a common, oversimplified fashion throughout the ensemble. We consider these issues in the context of a collection of published constraints and argue that although emergent constraints are potentially powerful tools for understanding ensemble response variation and relevant observables, their naÃ¯ve application to reduce uncertainties in unknown climate responses could lead to bias and overconfidence in constrained projections. The prevalence of this thinking has led to literature in which statements are made on the probability bounds of key climate variables that were confident yet inconsistent between studies. Together with statistical robustness and a mechanism, assessments of climate responses must include multiple lines of evidence to identify biases that can arise from shared, oversimplified modelling assumptions that impact both present and future climate simulations in order to mitigate against the influence of shared structural biases.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences