jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A multi-method study identifying the barriers and solutions to meeting the physical and psychological health needs of young people involved in or vulnerable to sexual exploitation.

Awareness of sexual exploitation has increased over the past decade. However, physical and psychological health needs, risks, health seeking behaviour and use of health services by sexually exploited young people have been inadequately explored.&#13;\nMethodology/method&#13;\nPhase 1: descriptive, phenomenological, approach to encourage young people involved in or vulnerable to sexual exploitation to describe their personal accounts of health, risks, health seeking and support.&#13;\nPhase 2: quantitative methodology consisting of a questionnaire survey with professionals supporting young people involved in or vulnerable to sexual exploitation.&#13;\nData analysis&#13;\nPhase 1: phenomenological approach to data analysis (Giorgi, 1985).&#13;\nPhase 2: questionnaire data were analysed using software S.P.S.S. and thematic content analysis (Burnard, 2006).&#13;\nResults/findings&#13;\nIntentional self harm and substance misuse were concordant themes from phase 1 and 2. Novel themes that emerged from this study included a taxonomy of risk behaviours related to health, and the use of youth offending teams for health support Conclusion&#13;\nA significant range of physical and psychological health problems were reported alongside risks to health and barriers to health support for sexually exploited young people. Psycho-social vulnerability factors undermine health and impact on health seeking behaviour.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Expressions of ASPP2, iASPP and p53 in cervical cancinoma and the significance].

ASPP2 and iASPP may play an important role in the occurrence of early stage of cervical cancer by regulating the ability of wild type p53 in induction of apoptosis. ASPP2 and iASPP gene might be a potential molecular target for cervical carcinoma.

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Have the environmental benefits of insect farming been overstated? A critical review

Humanity's food system has an immense environmental impact, and insects have been frequently proposed as a more environmentally sustainable option. The industrialised farming of insects for livestock feed and human food has attracted the attention of industry, policymakers, and the scientific community. However, many of the benefits commonly mentioned by companies and proponents of insect farming are challenged by current scientific evidence. This review examines the evidence used to assess insect farming's environmental benefits and drawbacks for both human food and animal feed. Significant knowledge gaps remain. Most studies have been conducted in small-scale settings, which may not accurately reflect real-world, industrial conditions. There are significant uncertainties, with many authors highlighting the fact that the future environmental impact of large-scale insect production is largely unknown. This is especially true given claims that insects can be fed on food waste and that insect frass can be used as fertiliser, both of which have considerable challenges to overcome at scale. Lastly, most insect based foods replace plant-based products with limited environmental impact rather than meat, and several studies indicate that insects-based feeds and pet food can have a larger environmental impact than conventional products. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review highlights key areas for further research and ensures policymakers have a clearer picture of the remaining uncertainties surrounding this emerging industry.

Topic: Insect Utilization and Effects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY AND SUBMERGED MACROPHYTE BIOMASS VARIATION IN A TROPICAL COASTAL LAGOON WITH GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE

La production primaire du phytoplancton et la biomasse des macrophytes ont ete mesurees dans la lagune de Celestun (dans le Yucatan, au Mexique) tous les mois pendant un an. La concentration de la chlorophylle «a» du phytoplancton varie entre 0,88 et 30,2 mg.m -3 . La production totale du phytoplancton est de 200 gC m -2 .annee. La productivite du phytoplancton et la concentration de chlorophylle presentent des variations saisonnieres paralleles sans rapport avec les variations de salinite. La communaute de macrophytes est representee par Chara fibrosa et Batophora oerstedi dans la zone interne de la lagune et par Halodule wrightii et Chaetomorpha linum dans les zones du centre et a proximite de la mer. La biomasse totale des macrophytes varie de 124 a 745 g poids sec.m -2 . Deux pics de biomasse correspondant a differentes especes s'observent pendant l'annee. Le premier, en aout, est principalement du a Halodule wrigtii, et le second, en janvier, a Chara fibrosa. On distingue deux types de facteurs influant sur la succession saisonniere de la production primaire: l'interaction entre les especes et l'association entre les cycles vitaux des especes et les facteurs environnementaux externes et internes a la lagune

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Approximate method for calculation of laminar boundary layer with heat transfer on a cone at large angle of attack in supersonic flow

Note presenting the use of an integral technique to reduce the laminar boundary-layer equations on the windward generator of the plane of symmetry to a set of simultaneous algebraic equations. The method enables the skin friction coefficients and Stanton number to be calculated in a much shorter time than was needed to obtain exact numerical solutions from the boundary-layer equations.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microbial Reduction of Chromium(VI): In-Situ Environmental Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy Study Using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Abstract The geochemistry and toxicity of chromium is controlled by its valence state. Chromium is a redox active 3d transition metal with a wide range (− to +6) of possible oxidation states; however only Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are stable. Hexavalent Cr(VI) can be readily reduced to the trivalent state by Fe2+, S2−, organic compounds, wetland plants, and several species of microorganisms. The associated mechanisms of Cr(VI) reduction are technologically and biologically important because they convert a toxic, mobile element into a less toxic, immobile form. Reduction of Cr(VI) by the bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis (previously classified Shewanella putrefaciens strain MR-1), was studied by absorption spectrophotometry and in-situ, environmental cell (EC) - transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis), a gram-negative, facultative bacterium is capable of respiring aerobically and anaerobically using a variety of compounds, including O2, Fe(III), Mn(IV), NO2 −, NO3 −, SO2, SO3 2−, thiosulfate (S2O3 2−), trimethyamine oxide, fumarate, U(VI), and Cr(VI) as terminal electron acceptors.

Topic: Chromium effects and bioremediation
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identified versus Statistical Lives in US Civil Litigation

Abstract This chapter examines the way the identified versus statistical lives problem manifests itself in civil litigation in US federal courts. In section 1, it argues that federal courts push for litigants to assert claims on behalf of identified and not statistical victims because of two prerequisites for the justiciability of a controversy—standing and ripeness. In section 2, it discusses a partial solution offered by the procedural rules of civil litigation: the class action device. The class action allows for the adjudication of harms to statistical victims through the litigation of a representative identified claimant, or a “representative life”: a middle concept between identified and statistical lives where an identified life stands in for a much larger number of (as yet) statistical lives.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Knowledge, Attitudes and perceptions of the local people towards the conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS), South West Region, Cameroon

Local attitudes and perceptions are important concepts toward wildlife conservation. The success of chimpanzee conservation relies on the perceptions and the willingness of the local population to contribute towards its conservation. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitude and perception of local communities towards chimpanzee conservation in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS) in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Structured questions based on a questionnaire (open and close ended questions), Focus group discussion and Participatory rapid Appraisal tools and techniques were used to collect information from 300 participants within the participatory age group of 20years and above from six out of 14 villages (Nkong, Bangang, Besali, Bechati, Folepi and Fossimundi) around the THWS. Fifty individuals were sampled from each village and a maximum of 2 individuals (the head of household and one other active participant) participated from each household. Collected data were stored in Microsoft excel spreadsheets 2007 after importation into XLSTAT 2007. 8. 4 statistic software for the different statistical tests. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were conducted at 0.05 level of significance. The knowledge of interviewees on chimpanzee presence was supported by 90.33% of participants. Local knowledge on the population status of chimpanzee shows that 61% affirmed that their population is reducing primarily due to hunting and habitat loss of poor agriculture. According to 67% of interviewees, benefiting from wildlife through tourism, seed dispersion, bush meat and medicine influenced local attitudes and perception toward chimpanzee conservation while their destructive habits through crop riding, inadequate farmland for agriculture and high income derived from the sales of chimpanzee makes 33% of the local population to change their attitude and perception toward chimpanzee conservation. People with no formal education (62.96%) did not found chimpanzee conservation important whereas more educated people (76.76%) found chimpanzee conservation a priority. Most respondents (57.04%) said the idea of chimpanzee conservation was not supported due to high income (15,500FCFA) generated from the sales of chimpanzee. Increasing public awareness of the benefits and values of chimpanzee conservation through media (radios, televisions and smart phones), handbills, bill boards, seminars and symposiums, and films could help mitigate the poor attitudes of the local population towards chimpanzee conservation. Instigating outreach programs to communities living in close proximity to chimpanzee and other wildlife species is often high on the agenda of conservation NGOs with the assumption that long-term change can best be achieved through accelerating change in societal attitudes towards wildlife.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Cardiotoxicity of oncological treatment in children.

The incidence of complications after antineoplastic therapy is increasing in relation to the incidence of cancer and prolonged survival rate. Cardiotoxicity is one of the major complications, and it may occur during the therapy or many years after its termination, often leading to heart failure. Cardiotoxicity has been attributed particularly to cytostatics from the group of anthracycline antibiotics and radiotherapy, which are widely used in oncological treatment. The risk of developing cardiac complications depends on the cumulative dose of anthracyclines and the dose of chest irradiation, accompanying heart disorders, patient's age and sex. Acute myocardial damage occurs in the form of myocarditis and pericarditis. Late cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines manifests itself in the form of congestive cardiomyopathy, and late complications after radiotherapy also as valvular damage or restrictive cardiomyopathy. The incidence of asymptomatic myocardial dysfunction has been described in literature to range from 18 to 57% on long-term follow up of children after oncological treatment, and about 5% of children develop heart failure. For these reasons, attempts to develop schemes for monitoring patients after termination of antineoplastic treatment have been undertaken. The standards should include ECG, chest X-ray and echocardiography performed prior to, during and after oncological therapy. Biochemical markers, such as troponin or natriuretic peptide, may prove helpful. The frequency of cardiac function monitoring depends on the underlying risk. Long-term follow up of patients who have undergone antineoplastic therapy in childhood is recommended, with special attention paid to individual risk factors. The follow-up should also consider additional, well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Topic: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Quest for Certainty and the Demise of Political Theory

Abstract In this paper, I contribute to the ongoing conversation in New Political Science regarding the status of political science in general, and political theory in particular. I argue that the quest for certainty and desire to quantify knowledge has not been limited to empiricist political scientists. The emphasis on quantification and deductive logic is found in many places within the political theory tradition itself. Time and again, mathematics and the physical sciences are held up as the model for all knowledge. I argue that this focus has led theorists to distance themselves from politics, either out of despair or disdain for the ambiguity and variability present in political life. While I do not propose that Aristotle provides a magic remedy for the current problems in the discipline, I suggest that his combined interest in logic and the close examination of material detail provides a perennially viable framework for political theory.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Generalized golden ratios of ternary alphabets

Expansions in noninteger bases often appear in number theory and probability theory, and they are closely connected to ergodic theory, measure theory and topology. For two-letter alphabets the golden ratio plays a special role: in smaller bases only trivial expansions are unique, whereas in greater bases there exist nontrivial unique expansions. In this paper we determine the corresponding critical bases for all three-letter alphabets and we establish the fractal nature of these bases in function of the alphabets.

Topic: Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Wild Boars in Southwest Germany Using a Stepwise Laboratory Diagnostic Approach

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in humans worldwide. Among HEV, genotypes 3 and 4 are considered zoonotic agents associated with domestic pigs and wild boars, showing an increasing trend in Europe. The aim of this study is to contribute data on the prevalence of HEV in wild boars in Southwest Germany and to present a time and cost-effective two-step laboratory diagnostic approach for serological monitoring of blood samples. This method uses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by testing for HEV RNA by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 2295 blood samples were collected in 234 municipalities in 12 counties in the period from 2016 to 2020. There was an overall seroprevalence of 10.8%, ranging from 3.6% to 17.5% per county and 7.5% to 14% per year. Retesting of these blood samples for HEV RNA revealed 15.7% viremic wild boars originating from 30 municipalities in 11 counties. Viremic wild boars were found in seven regional clusters, including 84% of the animals that tested positive for HEV. Seropositive animals &lt;1 year of age were significantly more likely to be viremic than those &gt;1 year. Further characterization of HEV RNA resulted in the identification of genotype 3. Altogether, serological monitoring of the blood samples, complemented by successive and targeted investigations into the presence of HEV RNA based on blood samples, provide reliable information on the seroprevalence and virus load in wild boars, which proved to be a relevant and persistent sylvatic reservoir for HEV.

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Does constituency analysis enhance domain-specific pre-trained BERT models for relation extraction?

Recently many studies have been conducted on the topic of relation extraction. The DrugProt track at BioCreative VII provides a manually-annotated corpus for the purpose of the development and evaluation of relation extraction systems, in which interactions between chemicals and genes are studied. We describe the ensemble system that we used for our submission, which combines predictions of fine-tuned bioBERT, sciBERT and const-bioBERT models by majority voting. We specifically tested the contribution of syntactic information to relation extraction with BERT. We observed that adding constituentbased syntactic information to BERT improved precision, but decreased recall, since relations rarely seen in the train set were less likely to be predicted by BERT models in which the syntactic information is infused. Our code is available online [https://github.com/Maple177/drugprot-relation-extraction].

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Russian Cultural Patterns and Intercultural Training

Russia is often described as a complex, unpredictable, and distinct culture that poses substantial challenges for sojourners. Many sojourners perceive Russian nationals as both hard-working and lethargic, approachable and inaccessible, or trusting and distrusting. These contrasts and complexities make it challenging for sojourners to adjust and function effectively. This paper provides some resources for cross-cultural training professionals working with sojourners going to Russia by shedding light on some important aspects of the Russian culture. We discuss the culture-general and culture-specific aspects relevant for sojourners in Russia and discuss how culture-general theories can explain some of the specific aspects of the Russian culture. We discuss implications for cross-cultural trainers preparing sojourners for Russia and provide recommendations for training design.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH TRADERS IN BASE OEBA FISH LANDING AT KUPANG CITY, INDONESIA

This research was conducted to understand the socio-economic characteristic of fish traders in fish landing bases, Oeba Kupang. To understand these characters, the mixed quantitative and qualitative data were applied. To get the data needed, a serial data collection such as field survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and observation activities were employed. the respondents using purposive sampling method as many as 70 respondents were successfully conducted. The results show that socioeconomic characteristics of these fish traders inshore areas characteristic with the average quality of low human resources. Generally, their jobs were hereditary as fish traders with an average of low educational background. Therefore, their incomes were still largely under the district minimum wage. However, to support their main incomes, the fish traders have other part-time jobs ranging from small trades, agriculture, and other livelihoods.

Topic: Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Calculation of heavy ion collisions within the framework of the modified hydrodynamic approach

We developed the hydrodynamic approach to describe heavy ion collisions of medium energy, allowing for the emission of secondary particles. The compression, decompression and freeze-out stages of the forming hot spot have been examined. The shock wave that appears in the compression stage has a time dependent front. The calculated spectra of protons have been compared with experimental data. Due to its simplicity, the model can be used for a convenient parameterization of the experimental data.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Estimating the economic impact of gender-based violence on women survivors: A comparative study of support program interventions in Makueni and Naivasha, Kenya

To estimate the economic cost of GBV from the perspective of a women survivor who sought help from two identified programs (Makueni GBVRC and Life Bloom Services International [LBSI]).A mixed method research design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. SITE: Makueni GBVRC in Makueni County, overseen by the Makueni County government, and LBSI in Naivasha, Nakuru County, a non-profit organization devoted to serving local communities.Study participants include women survivors of GBV, aged 18 and above, actively seeking services at Makueni GBVRC and LBSI.The study adopts a qualitative approach to delve into the intricate economic costs of GBV on survivors. Additionally, quantitative data analysis employs an accounting model to ascertain the financial implications.The costs analyses were done from the perspective of the women survivors. An accounting model was utilized to evaluate the cost of GBV on selected survivors. Furthermore, the research explores the enduring consequences for survivors, including psychological trauma and susceptibility to stress-related diseases.The findings reveal substantial economic costs linked to GBV, adversely affecting survivors, their children, and society at large. These costs encompass direct expenditures on medical care, legal representation, and counseling, as well as indirect costs, such as lost productivity.Beyond immediate and indirect costs, the study underscores the existence of opportunity costs-what survivors and affected children could attain in the absence of GBV.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Recent market status and trends of fractionated plasma products

The global plasmas proteins market has continued to grow throughout the past decade, reaching over $21 billion in sales in 2016. Five trends have recently affected the sales of plasma proteins significantly, including: (I) immunoglobulin has increased its primacy as the plasma market driver; (II) rise of China's plasma industry, both domestically and globally; (III) emergence and growth of several specialty products, including C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT); (IV) relative decline of the plasma-derived coagulation factors in favor of recombinant alternatives; and (V) growing role of the United States as the global supplier of source plasma. Due to these events, the industry has positively affected more patients as treatment has expanded in many areas around the globe.

Topic: Hemophilia Treatment and Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences