jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bio Rapid Prototyping Project: Development of Spheroid Formation System for Regenerative Medicine.

Cells construct is made by spheroid-culturing the cells and collecting the spheroids. The spheroids are manufactured by dispensing cell turbid liquid into a special multiwell plate. If there is a difference in the number of cells when dispensing the cells turbid liquid, spheroids in different sizes are generated. Moreover, spheroids are not generated if the number of cells is extremely small, and if large, spheroids in distorted shapes are generated. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop a system that generates similar spheroids. In result, all the spheroids generated using developed system came in a pure spherical shape, and generation of spheroids is confirmed on all the wells.

Topic: 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On torsionless subgroups of infinitely generated Fuchsian groups

A very useful property of finitely generated Fuchsian groups is that such a group always contains a normal subgroup of finite index with no elliptic elements.In this paper we prove an analogous result for infinitely generated Fuchsian groups.Obviously, in this case rwe cannot always find a torsionless subgroup of finite inderx but it turns out that a very pleasant analogy exists.We also determine when there exists a torsionless normal subgroup of finite index.Let G be a finitely generated Fuchsian group.Essentially, all proofs of the fact that G contains a normal subgroup of finite index without elliptic elements use the following method.One can find a finite group Fand a homomorphism E: G*F such that q-t(e)cG is torsionless (e is the neutral element of F).Then N:E-'(e) is necessarily of finite index in G and does not contain elliptic elements.ln 12, 3, 5l and [9, Chapter IV.10] the proof was based on a description of G in terms of gen- erators and relations.In contrast, Selberg [6] considered G as a subgroup of the group of real or complex nXn mattices.Thus the theorem is, in fact, true for all finitely generated matrix groups, and also for Kleinian groups' Originally, the theorem for finitely generated Fuchsian groups was a conjecture of W. Fenchel.

Topic: Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Methodology for Incorporating Ergonomics into Manufacturing Systems Design

Approaches to manufacturing systems design often utilize a sequential procedure that focuses on the use of new and available technologies to improve production capacity, with the roles of employees in production processes considered much later. This study developed a methodology that integrates both manual and computer simulations to evaluate system performance and identify ergonomic problems early in the system design process. Information about operator performance and potential ergonomic risk factors is obtained through manual simulations, and estimates of operator utilization and system throughput are obtained through computer simulations. An iterative design process is used, with the results of manual and computer simulations informing each other during subsequent simulations. The results of an industrial case study in which the methods were applied to the design of a manufacturing cell demonstrate that the methodology can be used to design manufacturing systems with significant savings in labor cost and improved manufacturing system flexibility.

Topic: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Trends in Mortality and Costs of Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been used for &amp;gt;30 years as a life-sustaining therapy in critically ill patients for a variety of indications. In the current study, we aimed to examine trends in use, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs for pediatric ECLS hospitalizations. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (between the ages of 28 days and &amp;lt;21 years) on ECLS using the 2008–2015 National Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer inpatient hospitalization database generated from hospital discharges. Nonparametric and Cochran-Armitage tests for trend were used to study in-hospital mortality, LOS, and hospitalization costs. RESULTS: Of the estimated 5847 patients identified and included for analysis, ECLS was required for respiratory failure (36.4%), postcardiotomy syndrome (25.9%), mixed cardiopulmonary failure (21.7%), cardiogenic shock (13.1%), and transplanted graft dysfunction (2.9%). The rate of ECLS hospitalizations increased 329%, from 11 to 46 cases per 100 000 pediatric hospitalizations, from 2008 to 2015 (P &amp;lt; .001). Overall mortality decreased from 50.3% to 34.6% (P &amp;lt; .001). Adjusted hospital costs increased significantly ($214 046 ± 11 822 to 324 841 ± 25 621; P = .002) during the study period despite a stable overall hospital LOS (46 ± 6 to 44 ± 4 days; P = .94). CONCLUSIONS: Use of ECLS in pediatric patients has increased with substantially improved ECLS survival rates. Hospital costs have increased significantly despite a stable LOS in this group. Dissemination of this costly yet life-saving technology warrants ongoing analysis of use trends to identify areas for quality improvement.

Topic: Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Ferric Salts on Sludge Anaerobic Digestion and Desulphurization

The treatment and disposal of excess sludge is a great challenge. Anaerobic digestion can achieve sludge reduction and harmless. However, its application is largely limited due to the low biogas production, low organic matters removal rate, odor gas production, corrosive gas destroying equipment. Sulfur is a key element resulting in these problems. In this research, potassium ferrate and ferric chloride were added to enhance anaerobic digestion. The research investigated the effects on biogas production, H 2 S content, microbial diversity with the addition of potassium ferrate and ferric chloride. We found that with 2.5 mg/g TS potassium ferrate, the enhancement was the highest, the total biogas production improved 18% compared with control group and organic removal rate reached 30.66%. Considering the effect of sulfur removal, 5 mg/g TS potassium ferrate resulted in the best effect, the content of H 2 S gas decreased 139.4%. With 2.5 mg/g TS ferric chloride, total biogas production improved 8% comparing with the control group, the content of H 2 S gas decreased 46%, no remarkable effect was found on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in slurry.

Topic: Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vein of Galen Malformation—Experience of the Last 13 Years in a Reference Center from South-Eastern Europe

The vein of Galen malformations (VoGMs) is mainly correlated with the retention of an embryonic pattern of vascularity, inducer of vein of Galen dilation, and formation of arteriovenous communications that give rise to the risk of systemic shunting, causing cardiac dysfunction, vascular steal, and venous hypertension. This is a rare cerebral vascular malformation in the newborn, accounting for 1% of all cerebral arteriovenous malformations and occurring in approximately 1 in 25,000–50,000 live births. We review nine cases of newborns diagnosed with vein of Galen malformations (VoGMs) to assess whether this pathology demonstrates a marked improvement over the past 13 years in diagnostic accuracy, treatment approaches, and patient survival rates within our clinic. Medical treatment was focused on providing inotropic support and tightly controlled peripheral and pulmonary vasodilation with the aim of overriding the effects of high output heart failure. Most of the patients underwent liver failure and flow-mediated pulmonary hypertension, while half of the newborns expressed anomalies of the nervous system due to impaired cerebral hemodynamics. Given the unavailability of endovascular treatment in our unit, which predisposes the newborns to a higher vital risk, we recognize the importance of delivering tailored intensive care aimed at maintaining cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic stability until a curative intervention can be performed in a specialized center.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of the existing tool localisation methods on two‐dimensional ultrasound images and their tracking results

Over the last decade, different micro‐tool navigation and localisation algorithms have been developed. They can be divided into three groups: the eigen‐decomposition methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), the transform methods such as Hough transform (HT) and the space random iteration methods such as the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. To suppress the speckle noise of the ultrasound image, different noise suppression methods are also proposed. In this article, different combinations of preprocessing methods and localisation methods are compared. A tracking system is also developed to adapt these localisation methods to a dynamic situation. So far, the line‐filter method has achieved the best contrast ratio, and the threshold method requires the shortest time. These two preprocessing methods are proposed in the localisation algorithm and the tracking system. Simulations and experiments were conducted to verify the combinations of the localisation and tracking results. In static localisation, the line‐filter+RANSAC method achieves the highest localisation accuracy. In the dynamic situation, the PCA method achieves the highest tracking accuracy. In the real‐time evaluation, the calculation time of the RANSAC algorithm is the shortest. To satisfy the demand for localisation accuracy and calculation time, the line‐filter+RANSAC algorithm is the best choice.

Topic: Image Processing Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bargaining game for effective coexistence between LTE-U and Wi-Fi systems

LTE over unlicensed band (LTE-U) has emerged as an effective technique to overcome the challenge of spectrum scarcity. Using LTE-U along with advanced techniques such as carrier aggregation (CA), one can boost the performance of existing cellular networks. However, if not properly managed, the use of LTE-U can potentially degrade the performance of co-existing Wi-Fi access points which operate over the unlicensed frequency bands. Moreover, most of the existing works consider a macro base station (MBS) or a small cell base station (SBS) for their proposals. In this paper, an effective coexistence mechanism between LTE-U and Wi-Fi systems is studied. The goal is to enable the cellular network to use LTE-U with CA to meet the quality-of-service (QoS) of the users while protecting Wi-Fi access points (WAPs), considering multiple SBSs from different operators in a dense deployment scenario. Specifically, an LTE-U sum-rate maximization problem is formulated under a user QoS and WAP-LTE-U co-existence constraints. To solve this problem, a cooperative Nash bargaining game is proposed. This game allows LTE-U and WAPs to share time resource while protecting Wi-Fi system. For allocating unlicensed resource among LTE-U users, a heuristic algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is better than the comparing methods regarding per user achieved rate, percentage of unsatisfied users and fairness. The result also shows that the proposed method protects Wi-Fi user far better way than basic listen-before-talk (LBT) does.

Topic: Wireless Networks and Protocols
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Management of capital assets of construction organizations

Abstract The most significant part of the assets of the enterprise are fixed assets, which are on the balance sheet of the enterprise and are in operation, in reserve, on preservation, as well as leased to other enterprises. The study of these issues is necessary for all firms and enterprises facing the problem of maintaining the accounting policy of fixed assets and their depreciation. Choosing the right and optimal accounting policies for fixed assets and depreciation greatly helps the enterprise to minimize taxes and speed up the process of updating the equipment fleet. This article focuses on accelerated depreciation methods. Any enterprise is interested in maintaining such accounting policy, in which during the first years of operations with the fixed assets are written off by a high depreciation rate. The implementation of such a policy reduces taxable profits and accelerates the renewal of fixed assets, which is especially important now, with rapid progress in science and technology. The results of the analysis of the fixed assets of the construction organization showed the need to improve their accounting. The development of accounting policies of a modern construction organization can largely determine the improvement of management in a market economy.

Topic: Construction Management and Sustainability
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
WORKSHOP PEMANFAATAN AIR KELAPA HIJAU (cocus nucifera) SEBAGAI MEDIA IDENTIFIKASI ALTERNATIF TRIPLE SUGAR IRON AGAR (TSIA) UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli

Bacterial growth media is a material consisting of a mixture of nutrients that are used by bacteria to grow and reproduce. Biochemical tests are carried out to see the characteristics of bacteria through biochemical reactions, which are usually carried out including TSIA (Triple sugar iron agar) media which is used to identify gram-negative rod bacteria to see their ability to ferment glucose, sucrose and lactose. Based on the potential nutritional content of green coconut water, green coconut water is rich in nutrients such as potassium, protein, carbohydrates in the form of suxora (disaccharides), glucose, fructose (monosaccharides) in green coconut water, which are monosaccharides that are more easily utilized for growth as prebiotics. This type of research is experimental research. Objective: laboratory scale where this research will look at the growth of bacteria using green coconut water (Cocus Nucifera) as an alternative medium to replace Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) media. The results of the research show the growth of Escherichia coli bacterial colonies on the media. Conclusion: Green coconut water resulted in good bacterial growth. Based on the results of research on differences in the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria on TSIA (Triple Sugar Iron Agar) media and on alternative media of green coconut water (Cocus nucifera), it can be concluded that Green coconut water media can be used as an alternative medium for cultivating Escherichia coli bacteria as a substitute for TSIA.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Microstructure and Solute Segregation around the Melt-Pool Boundary of Orientation-Controlled 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

For this article, we studied the microstructure and solute segregation seen around the melt pool boundary of orientation-controlled 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion, using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. We found that the solidification cellular microstructures could be visualized with the aid of solute segregation (Cr and Mo) during solidification. Mn–Si–O inclusions (10–15 nm in diameter) were distributed along the lamellar boundaries, as well as in the dislocation cell walls. It is believed that the grain growth of the inclusions can be effectively suppressed by rapid quenching during the laser powder-bed fusion process. A thin region without cellular microstructures was observed at the melt-pool boundary. The cellular spacing widened near the bottom of the melt-pool boundary, owing to the decrease in the cooling rate. Atomic-structure analysis at the lamellar boundary by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a local interfacial structure, which is complementary to the results of electron back-scatter diffraction.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
RIG-I Detects mRNA of Intracellular Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium during Bacterial Infection

ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic helicase RIG-I is an established sensor for viral 5=-triphosphorylated RNA species. Recently, RIG-I was also implicated in the detection of intracellular bacteria. However, little is known about the host cell specificity of this pro-cess and the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates RIG-I. Here we show that RNA of Salmo-nella enterica serovar Typhimurium activates production of beta interferon in a RIG-I-dependent fashion only in nonphagocytic cells. In phagocytic cells, RIG-I is obsolete for detection of Salmonella infection. We further demonstrate that SalmonellamRNA reaches the cytoplasm during infection and is thus accessible for RIG-I. The results from next-generation sequencing analysis of RIG-I-associated RNA suggest that coding bacterial mRNAs represent the activating PAMP. IMPORTANCE S. Typhimurium is a major food-borne pathogen. After fecal-oral transmission, it can infect epithelial cells in the gut as well as immune cells (mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, andM cells). The innate host immune system relies on a grow-ing number of sensors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to launch a first broad-spectrum response to invading pathogens. Successful detection of a given pathogen depends on colocalization of host sensors and PAMPs as well as potential countermeasures of the pathogen during infection. RIG-I-like helicases were mainly associated with detection of RNA

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prevalence of depression among diabetic patients attending the Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia: A prospective cross-sectional study

A BSTRACT Background: Depression associated with diabetes is one of major obstacles in diabetic patient management. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among diabetic patients of both types (I and II). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, among adult diabetic patients attending the diabetic center. An interview-validated questionnaire was utilized to collect data. It consists of three main parts: demographic data, diabetic assessment tool, and patient health questionnaire-9. Results: A total of 386 diabetic patients were included. The age of them ranged between 17 and 95 years with an arithmetic mean of 53.4 years and a standard deviation of ± 18.2 years. Almost two-thirds (62.2%) were males. The prevalence of depression among diabetic patients was 48.2%, mostly of mild (31.4%) or moderate severity (12.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female diabetic patients were at almost double-fold risk of developing depression compared to males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70–4.38], P &lt; 0.001. Also, type II diabetic patients were at almost double-fold risk of developing depression compared to type I diabetic patients (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.16–3.67), P = 0.013. Patients with history of any social issue with the family, relatives, or friends were at about three-fold risk of developing depression compared to those without such history (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.11–5.66), P &lt; 0.001. Patients who reported compliance to diet were at higher risk for developing depression compared to their peers (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.25–5.28), P = 0.010, while those compliant to physical activity about 150 min/week or more were at significant lower risk to develop depression (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89), P = 0.015. Patients with nephropathy or neuropathy were more likely to have depression compared to their counterparts (AOR = 2.52. 95% CI: 1.33–4.80, P = 0.005 and AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.11–2.90, P = 0.016, respectively). Conclusion: Depression is a very prevalent problem affecting diabetic patients, particularly those of type II, female patients, and those with nephropathy or neuropathy. Therefore, regular screening of diabetic patients for depression and referral of severe cases to psychiatric care are highly warranted.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Education
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the Diurnal Dynamics Mechanism of the Cold Island Effect in Urban Parks of Island Cities: A Three-Dimensional Spatial Morphology Perspective

Urban parks play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat stress and maintaining ecological stability through their cold island effect (PCIE). However, studies examining how multidimensional urban morphology influences these effects, particularly from a diurnal perspective in island cities, remain limited. This study investigates 30 representative urban parks within a typical island city, exploring how two-dimensional and three-dimensional spatial morphological factors affect four key PCIE indicators: park cooling intensity (PCI), park cooling gradient (PCG), park cooling area (PCA) and park cooling efficiency (PCE) across different times of day and night. The results reveal that: (1) coastal zones exhibit significantly lower land surface temperature (LST) than inland zones, with peak LST occurring at 5:00 p.m.; (2) the four cold island indicators follow a diurnal pattern of 5:00 p.m. &gt; 1:00 a.m. &gt; 7:00 a.m.; (3) morphological construction factors—such as building density (BD) and built-up proportion (BP)—positively contribute to cooling effects at 7:00 a.m., while park perimeter (PP) enhances cooling performance at both 5:00 p.m. and 1:00 a.m. Additionally, vegetation characteristics surrounding parks, including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and green space proportion (GP), influence daytime cooling in directions opposite to those of the aforementioned construction-related factors. These findings offer valuable insights into the temporal dynamics and spatial determinants of urban park cooling in island cities, providing a scientific basis for scientifically informed park planning and contributing to healthier and more sustainable urban development.

Topic: Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences