jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Severe Bone Microarchitecture Impairment in Women With Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis

Abstract Context Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare condition characterized by fragility fractures, mostly vertebral, during the third trimester of pregnancy or the early postpartum period. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate bone microarchitecture in women with PLO to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease. Methods In this retrospective study, we included women with PLO referred to our bone center between November 2007 and July 2012. We assessed bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone turnover markers, and bone microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results were compared with a control group of healthy lactating women. Results Of the 7 primiparous patients with PLO, 6 suffered vertebral fractures and 1 developed a hip fracture during the seventh month of gestation. Fractures occurred within the eighth month of pregnancy and the fourth month post partum; vertebral fractures were multiple in 85.7%. Major or minor risk factors for osteoporosis were present in 86% of our patients. Trabecular density, number, and thickness were 34%, 20% and 22% lower than controls (P &amp;lt; .01, P = .01, and P = .01, respectively). Cortical parameters were also deteriorated but to a lesser extent. Conclusion In comparison with healthy lactating women, patients with PLO presented severe deterioration of bone trabecular and cortical microarchitecture. This significant compromise may explain the occurrence of multiple fractures in these otherwise healthy young women. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether bone microarchitecture might be able to be restored in the future.

Topic: Bone health and osteoporosis research
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hands-Joined Learning as a Framework for Personalizing Project-Based Learning in a Middle Grades Classroom

This study investigates the hands-joined learning framework as an approach to personalize and provide instructional scaffolding within project-based learning. The authors include a case description of hands-joined learning in a middle school social studies classroom and critically examine middle school student feedback in relation to two aims: (a) personalizing learning, and (b) providing adequate scaffolding. Student feedback indicated that the hands-joined learning project was largely successful in these two areas. Learners appreciated having choice and control in what they learned and created in the project but also pointed to the need for greater opportunities to make decisions in how they learned. Some learners also wanted more peer interaction. These findings are used to propose practical implications as well as future research directions.

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Social Identity, Self-Esteem, Schooling, and Age on Hope [Efectos de la Identidad Social, la autoestima, la Escolaridad y la Edad sobre la esperanza]

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to analyze the direct explanatory power of social identity, schooling, and age on self-esteem, as well as the indirect effects of those variables (through the mediating variable self-esteem) on hope. A non-probabilistic sample composed of 657 persons from southern Nuevo Leon was recruited (mean age = 39.75 years; SD = 16.96). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the effects, both direct and indirect, of the independent variables upon the dependent variables. With regard to hope, the model yields an explained variance of 37% (d ≥ 26% = large effect size) and shows well goodness-of-fit indices: χ2 / df = 2.618, GFI = .997, AFGI = .978, CFI = .995, NNFI = .995, NFI = .992, RMSEA = .048 (IC90%, .001, .100), and SRMR = .017. It is concluded that social identity, together with some contextual variables of a personal nature (for instance, age and schooling) is probably very important to explain the levels of self-esteem and hopeResumenEl objetivo primario de este estudio fue analizar el poder explicativo de las variables identidad social, escolaridad y edad, directamente sobre la autoestima y los efectos indirectos de las tres primeras, a través de la autoestima, sobre la esperanza. Se realizó el estudio en una muestra no probabilística de 657 hombres y mujeres, con edad promedio de 39.75 años (DE = 16.96). Se usó modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar los efectos, tanto directos como indirectos, de las variables independientes sobre las dependientes. Se encuentra que el modelo tiene una varianza explicada del 37% (d = ≥ 26% = tamaño del efecto grande) en esperanza, con buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste: χ2/gl = 2.618; GFI = .997; AFGI = .978; CFI = .995; NNFI = .995; NFI = .992; RMSEA = .048 (IC90%, .000, .100), SRMR = .017. Se concluye que probablemente la identidad social, junto con algunas variables contextuales de tipo personal, como la edad y la escolaridad, es prioritaria para explicar la existencia de la autoestima y de la esperanza.

Topic: Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Controlled Synthesis of Polyoxopalladates, and Their Gas‐Phase Fragmentation Study by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 20/2013)

The cover picture shows two new Pd-based POM structures obtained by using Cr3+ and In3+ ions as the structural-directing agents. The CID fragmentation reactions of the selected polyanions show that the different coordination configuration of the central metal X can affect the stability and the gas-phase fragmentation mechanism of the clusters. Details are discussed in the article by B. Wang, C. Hu et al. on p. 3458 ff. For more on the story behind the cover research, see the Cover Profile. The cover picture shows two new Pd-based POM structures obtained by using Cr3+ and In3+ ions as the structural-directing agents. The CID fragmentation reactions of the selected polyanions show that the different coordination configuration of the central metal X can affect the stability and the gas-phase fragmentation mechanism of the clusters. Details are discussed in the article by B. Wang, C. Hu et al. on p. 3458 ff. For more on the story behind the cover research, see the Cover Profile.

Topic: Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cardiac rate detection method based on the beam splitter prism

A new cardiac rate measurement method is proposed. Through the beam splitter prism, the common-path optical system of transmitting and receiving signals is achieved. By the focusing effect of the lens, the small amplitude motion artifact is inhibited and the signal-to-noise is improved. The cardiac rate is obtained based on the PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG). We use LED as the light source and use photoelectric diode as the receiving tube. The LED and the photoelectric diode are on the different sides of the beam splitter prism and they form the optical system. The signal processing and display unit is composed by the signal processing circuit, data acquisition device and computer. The light emitted by the modulated LED is collimated by the lens and irradiates the measurement target through the beam splitter prism. The light reflected by the target is focused on the receiving tube through the beam splitter prism and another lens. The signal received by the photoelectric diode is processed by the analog circuit and obtained by the data acquisition device. Through the filtering and Fast Fourier Transform, the cardiac rate is achieved. We get the real time cardiac rate by the moving average method. We experiment with 30 volunteers, containing different genders and different ages. We compare the signals captured by this method to a conventional PPG signal captured concurrently from a finger. The results of the experiments are all relatively agreeable and the biggest deviation value is about 2bmp.

Topic: Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hemagglutinin stalk antibodies elicited by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a mechanism for the extinction of seasonal H1N1 viruses

After the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses in 1957, 1968, and 2009, existing seasonal viruses were observed to be replaced in the human population by the novel pandemic strains. We have previously hypothesized that the replacement of seasonal strains was mediated, in part, by a population-scale boost in antibodies specific for conserved regions of the hemagglutinin stalk and the viral neuraminidase. Numerous recent studies have shown the role of stalk-specific antibodies in neutralization of influenza viruses; the finding that stalk antibodies can effectively neutralize virus alters the existing dogma that influenza virus neutralization is mediated solely by antibodies that react with the globular head of the viral hemagglutinin. The present study explores the possibility that stalk-specific antibodies were boosted by infection with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and that those antibodies could have contributed to the disappearance of existing seasonal H1N1 influenza virus strains. To study stalk-specific antibodies, we have developed chimeric hemagglutinin constructs that enable the measurement of antibodies that bind the hemagglutinin protein and neutralize virus but do not have hemagglutination inhibition activity. Using these chimeric hemagglutinin reagents, we show that infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus elicited a boost in titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin stalk. In addition, we describe assays that can be used to measure influenza virus-neutralizing antibodies that are not detected in the traditional hemagglutination inhibition assay.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Severe Isolated Peripheral Polyneuropathy without Myelopathy after Nitrous Oxide Abuse: A Case Report

Nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse induces vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in complications in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Some cases related to subacute combined degeneration or myeloneuropathy after N2O abuse have been reported. However, isolated peripheral polyneuropathy without spinal cord involvement has rarely been reported in South Korea. We describe a 29-year-old woman who had inhaled “happy balloons” daily (1,000 balloons/day) for recreational purposes over 3-month period, and presented with acute symmetrical hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and motor weakness on the bilateral lower limbs. Serologic tests showed megaloblastic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine showed no abnormalities. An electrodiagnostic study confirmed lower limb-dominant axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency from N2O abuse. The patient was treated with intramuscular vitamin B12 replacement. A follow-up electrodiagnostic study 4 months after the initial study showed only partial improvement. Despite the legal efforts of the Korean government to ban the use of N2O other than for medical purposes, cases of complications from its abuse are on the rise, especially among young adults. Physicians should recognize the strong possibility of N2O abuse as an underlying cause of vitamin B12 responsive polyneuropathy with or without spinal cord involvement.

Topic: Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Bt Corn (Bt 38) Cultivation on Community Structure of Collembola

Abstract Transgenic corn has been modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to combat lepidopteran pests. Bt proteins and the altered chemical composition of Bt crops may affect the role the soil fauna plays in the decomposition of Bt plants. A 2-y field study and a laboratory feeding experiment using corn leaves were conducted in northeastern China to investigate the effect of Bt corn—consisting of Bt corn (Bt 38) and a near-isoline of non-Bt corn (Z 58)—on the abundance, species richness, morphological traits, community structure, and fitness of soil Collembola. A total of 4,419 collembolans, comprised of 22 species, were recovered in this study. We found that Bt corn cultivation did not significantly affect abundance, species richness, or community structure of Collembola. Some rare isotomids of the genera Desoria Nicolet, 1841 (Collembola: Isotomidae) and Folsomia Willem, 1902 (Collembola: Isotomidae) were only recorded in non-Bt corn varieties and not in Bt corn varieties. Morphological traits, including the number of ocelli, body size, body pigmentation level, furca development, antennal length, and antenna:head ratio of Collembola were not changed by transgenic corn cultivation in the 2-y field study. Our results clearly found that the Bt corn did not affect community characteristics or traits of Collembola during this 2-y field study.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Elk Use of Wallows and Potential Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission

Deposition of prions into the environment by infected animals may contribute to transmission and spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) among free-ranging cervids, and identification of such environmental sources may provide an avenue for managing CWD. We evaluated the role that wallow use by elk (Cervus elaphus) may play in CWD transmission by monitoring wallows with animal-activated cameras throughout their period of use. We monitored 39 wallows from 5 August 2005 to 14 October 2005. Elk visited 20 sites; we recorded 22 events when only male elk wallowed and 374 additional events when male and female elk had naso-oral contact with wallow contents. Because wallows are foci of male elk activity, behaviors at wallows could potentially contribute to the maintenance and transmission of CWD. Our findings, however, suggest that because wallows are only used an average of one or two times a season they may not be important in CWD transmission. The data also suggest that mineral licks could be more important in CWD transmission because they were used more frequently and by three species that contract CWD.

Topic: Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Through the Eyes of Don D. Jackson M.D.

This article discusses the work and influence of Don Jackson. The tenets of Jackson's Interactional Theory and Therapy are outlined and discussed. Two case transcripts, one with a couple and another with a family, are included to illustrate Jackson's therapeutic technique. Particular attention is given to his pervasive influence on current brief and family therapy models and the relevance of his work in the postmodern therapeutic setting.

Topic: Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Longitudinally Twisted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Abstract The phencyclones (III) ((IIIa) and (IIIb) already known) when pyrolized neat or as a 1:1 mixture with 9‐bromophenanthrene (as a precursor of 9,10‐phenanthryne), yield the 9,18‐diphenyltetrabenzanthracenes (IV), the central aromatic rings of which are twisted by 22‐25°.

Topic: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Дарьгангын лаавын тавцан дахь Шилийн Богд галт уулын геоморфологийн хэлбэр

The Cenozoic volcanism, which has been active in the territory of Mongolia since the beginning of the last century, has attracted the attention of Central Asian researchers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the geological research materials of the previous study and to determine the morphological origin and morphology of Shiliin Bogd volcano as the key representative of Cenozoic volcanism. In general, due to the lava flow of basic composition, several types of geomorphological forms have been identified, and the identification of the type of dominant distribution is associated with a relation with origin problem that has not been encountered in our country before, and because of the current importance, the selection of the Shiliin Bogd volcano in Dariganga Plateau becomes important. The morphometric analyses were performed in-field measurements and previous studies, also highlighted the faults in satellite and other images using the morpho-structure method in order to depict the geomorphology of the Shiliin Bogd volcano. By comparing the results of the morphometric analysis, the Shiliin Bogd volcano morphological type was determined and a schematic diagram of the volcano's origin was developed. A large lava flow of fundamental composition flowed along to the large faults that stretched from the northeast to the southwest of the Shiliin Bogd volcano, which resulted in the current morphological forms of Shiliin Bogd and other volcanoes. The lava flow had a flow rate of less than 50% SiO2, which led to the creation of a Lava Plato. The morphological formations of lava cones, which are semicircular and basal in composition, with the average slope of the Shiliin Bogd volcano crater in 410, depth 63 meters and crater average diameter 302 meters, have been compared with morphology of other volcanoes by morphometric analysis. Based on the researchers' research data, the age of the trap of Shiliin Bogd volcano can be traced to the late Quaternary age, possibly to the Holocene age. Further details of the age of the basalt rock need to be precise.

Topic: Geological Studies and Exploration
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Glutathione on Mechanical Allodynia and Central Sensitization in Chronic Postischemic Pain Rats

Background . The chronic postischemia pain (CPIP) model is an animal model using ischemia/reperfusion injury that mimics the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Glutathione (GSH) prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury by scavenging free radicals. We conducted this study to investigate the protective effect of GSH in CPIP rats via changes of mechanical allodynia and phospholyration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1. Methods . We divided 45 rats into 5 groups: sham, CPIP, CPIP + GSH 100 mg/kg, CPIP + GSH 200 mg/kg, and CPIP + GSH 500 mg/kg. Rats in the sham and CPIP groups received normal saline and rats in the other groups received GSH at the designated doses thirty minutes prior to reperfusion. Withdrawal thresholds were evaluated before sugery as well as 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. pGluN1 level in the spinal cord was also measured. Results . GSH treated rats show a significant increase in the withdrawal thresholds of both hind paws as compared with the CPIP group dose-dependently. The expression of pGluN1 in the GSH treated rats significantly decreased as compared to the CPIP group (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion . These findings suggest that GSH inhibited the development of mechanical allodynia and central sensitization in CPIP rats.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Compact Implementations of HIGHT Block Cipher on IoT Platforms

Recent lightweight block cipher competition (FELICS Triathlon) evaluates efficient implementations of block ciphers for Internet of things (IoT) environment. In the competition, the implementation of HIGHT block cipher achieved the most efficient lightweight block cipher, in terms of code size (ROM), memory (RAM), and execution time. In this paper, we further investigate lightweight features of HIGHT block cipher and present the optimized implementations of both software and hardware for low-end IoT platforms, including resource-constrained devices (8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3) and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). By using proposed optimization methods, the implemented HIGHT block cipher shows better performance compared to previous state-of-the-art implementations.

Topic: Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Convenient Synthesis of new Phenanthrolinone and Naphthyridinone Derivatives: Evaluation of their Biological activity

A novel and effective synthesis of substituted acetamide via smiles rearrangement is described. Treatment of phenols with 2-chloroacetamide in the presence of sodium hydroxide and DMA where substituted phenols, which contain electron withdrawing groups, are more reactive for smiles rearrangement. The reaction followed by cyclization of the product by E.A.A. afforded the corresponding substituted phenanthrolinone and naphthyridinone in good yields and showed higher activity against (G- and G+, Eschierchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively) and good activity toward Aspergillius flavus and Candida albicans.

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nacre-Inspired Black Phosphorus/Nanofibrillar Cellulose Composite Film with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Superior Fire Resistance

Natural nacre offers an optimized guiding principle for the assembly of lightweight and high-strength nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by the "brick-and-mortar" layered structure of natural nacre, we present a cohort of bioinspired nanocomposites consisting of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and few-layer hydroxyl functionalized black phosphorus (BP-OH) via a vacuum-assisted filtration self-assembly procedure. Owing to the well dispersed two-dimensional (2D) BP-OH in one-dimensional (1D) NFC and strong interfacial hydrogen bonding between them, these novel nacre-like BP-OH<i>x</i>/NFC composite films show excellent mechanical performance with tensile strength up to 214.0 MPa, 300% increase compared to pure NFC and tensile fracture strain up to 23.8%, 1.8 times higher than that of pure NFC. Moreover, these nacre-like composite films bare good fire resistance and high thermal stability. This nacre-inspired approach demonstrates a promising strategy for designing high-performance BP-OH<i>x</i>/NFC composite film, and the obtained bioinspired material could be a potential candidate in the application of flexible construction materials and flame retarded insulation materials.

Topic: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Directions of Increasing the Using of the Efficiency of the Northern Sea Route as International Transport Corridor

The relevance of this research is connected with the whole complex of the new phenomena in development of the transport system of our country and the whole world in general.The states have interests in the Arctic zone and in modern conditions perform complex scientific developments in this territory and actively interact with the purpose of achievement of joint goals based on mutually beneficial cooperation.On organizational and legal aspects of partnership of the different countries make impact in the Arctic zone multidirectional processes of international policy, especially various interests of the states in the extracting and transport sphere.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences