jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compressive Review on Plant Profile, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Paeonia emodi Royle (Himalayan Paeony)

Members of the genus Paeonia, which contains well-known ornamentals as well as traditional medicinal plants with a history reaching back over 1500 years, may be found all throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Many of these ethnomedicinal properties have been studied in animal models. It has been listed as a critically endangered plant species. P. emodi has been shown to have antioxidant, nephroprotective, lipoxygenase inhibitory, cognition and oxidative stress release, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, haemaglutination, alphachymotrypsin inhibitory, hepatoprotective, hepatic chromes, and pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine expression. spas Data was acquired from unpublished theses (India, China, Pakistan, and Nepal) and numerous published research articles related to pharmacology, phytochemistry, and other activities using certain keywords. The pertinent information about medicinal uses, taxonomic/common names, parts used, collection and recognition source, authentication, voucher specimen number, plant extracts and their characterization, isolation and characterization of phytochemicals, methods of study (in silico, in vivo, or in vitro), model organism used, dose and time, minimal active concentration, bioactive compound(s), mechanism of action on single or multiple targets, and toxicological information. Triterpenoids, monoterpenoids, phenolics, and tannins are among the natural substances produced by the species. The purpose of this study was to collect broad traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicological data on P. emodi. This work also emphasises taxonomic validity, experimental design quality, and weaknesses in previously published Himalayan paeony material, which may help researchers plan for future research.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Poleward Shift of the Major Ocean Gyres Detected in a Warming Climate

Abstract Recent evidence shows that wind‐driven ocean currents, like the western boundary currents, are strongly affected by global warming. However, due to insufficient observations both on temporal and spatial scales, the impact of climate change on large‐scale ocean gyres is still not clear. Here, based on satellite observations of sea surface height and sea surface temperature, we find a consistent poleward shift of the major ocean gyres. Due to strong natural variability, most of the observed ocean gyre shifts are not statistically significant, implying that natural variations may contribute to the observed trends. However, climate model simulations forced with increasing greenhouse gases suggest that the observed shift is most likely to be a response of global warming. The displacement of ocean gyres, which is coupled with the poleward shift of extratropical atmospheric circulation, has broad impacts on ocean heat transport, regional sea level rise, and coastal ocean circulation.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Migration as a Factor in Pest-outbreaks

Human experience in the past has often been crystallized into homely saws, of which the one that states that “ Prevention is better than cure ” should be regarded as one of the foundation stones of all work in economic entomology. We see this put into practice in such routine measures as the destruction of mosquito and fly larvae, ploughing fields in the dry weather to destroy grasshopper egg-masses, the destruction of weeds and stubble, the collection of egg-masses, caterpillars and hoppers, the enforced removal of cotton-plants after harvest, legislation against the introduction of pests into new countries, and similar measures which are so familiar that they need not be enlarged on here. Such measures are directed to and, if applied consistently, are largely effective in keeping within bounds insects which, if not thus checked, normally attain to destructive numbers, and by “ normally ” I mean that on the average they occur in such numbers every year, or for a series of years. There are, of course, fluctuations, due to natural causes, in the pest-status of many insects, which may be insignificant in normal years and occasionally rank as bad pests, or vice versa ; of such causes we know as yet very little, beyond the pious ascription of them to the effects of parasitic control or climate. But, after eliminating these fluctuations, we still often find our expectations upset by outbreaks for which it is very difficult to invoke any adequate explanation other than that they are the effect of a large influx into the area affected of the insect concerned. Such a theory may appear far-fetched at first sight, especially as it is very difficult of proof in most cases, but we find in India an accumulation of cases for which such an explanation seems the only one possible.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Novel 1-Hydroxypiperazine-2,6-diones\nas New Leads in the Inhibition of Metalloproteinases

New compounds containing a novel zinc-binding group (1-hydroxypiperazine-2,6-dione,\nHPD) have been identified as effective inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases\n(MMPs), with activities in the nanomolar concentration range. That\nmoiety seemed to bind the catalytic zinc ion of MMPs, revealing itself\nas a new potential substitute for the hydroxamate group in the next\ngeneration of metalloproteinase inhibitors. The X-ray crystal structure\nof &lt;b&gt;1b&lt;/b&gt; elucidated its 3D conformation and supramolecular\npacking in solid state. Theoretical procedures were used to investigate\nthe binding mode of this class of compounds, within the active site\nof MMP13. A computational method involving docking and hybrid quantum\nmechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) dynamic simulations was\ndeveloped and applied. This study suggested that the HPD moiety\nbinds bidentately to the catalytic zinc through its oxygen atoms.\nThe final structure obtained will allow straightforward drug design\napproaches in view of further optimization and development of new\nMMP inhibitors bearing the HPD moiety.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Keanekaragaman Jenis Lumut (Musci) di Lereng Gunung Wani, Suaka Margasatwa Buton Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara

Diversity study on mosses at the slope of Wani mountain, North Buton Wild Life Reserve, South-east Sulawesi was conducted. There are 26 species belong to 14 genera and 8 families are recorded. Two genera i.e. Thuidium and Himanthocladium dominated in this area. Sixth species are recorded as “new record” to Sulawesi i.e. Barbella pendula,Calyptotheciumcaudatum, Himantocladium plumula, Pinatella ambigua, Taxithelium alare, and Thuidium investe.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Geysering in Rapidly Filling Storm-Water Tunnels

Events that are referred to as geysers have been observed in storm-water or combined sewer systems and are associated with jets of water rising through manholes to a considerable distance above the ground surface. Visual observations suggest that air may be a significant component of the jet. The mechanisms of geyser occurrence have been previously assumed to originate in inertial oscillations that force water up through vertical ventilation shafts. Recent laboratory investigations indicate that geyser formation is associated with the release of trapped air pockets through partially filled vertical shafts. Pressure data from a storm-water tunnel subject to infrequent geyser events is presented to indicate that measured piezometric heads adjacent to the ventilation shaft never increase to levels approaching the ground surface during a geyser event suggesting that air interactions must be an important part of the process. It is concluded that system design to avoid geyser formation must include the consideration of trapped air within the tunnel system.

Topic: Water Systems and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mental Arithmetic, Neuropsychological Techniques and Kinesiology as Basic Methods in the Development of Cognitive Processes in Preschoolers and Primary Schoolchildren

The article considers the features of the application of the program, which was developed for children of preschool and primary school age with learning difficulties and developmental disabilities. The program is based on neuropsychological and kinesiological approaches, as well as mnemonics. The purpose of the program is to develop memory, attention, as well as increase motivation for learning and self-confidence among normotypical children. Preliminary experience has shown that for children with disabilities the “Mental arithmetic” technology is only partially applicable, since, on the one hand, the results of the correction of mental processes and motivation are not fixed for a long period of time, and, on the other hand, children with disabilities do not withstand the rhythm of a 60-minute lesson, quickly get tired and refuse to do it. In this regard, it was decided to identify technologies that allow children, without experiencing stress and fatigue, to replenish their physical strength — while intensively engaging in intellectual exercises and developing independence. The article describes the practical development of areas and approaches in which the above technologies are used and give stable and sustainable results.

Topic: Psychology of Development and Education
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Generational Diversity at Work: Across National Borders

The concept of generational differences at work is one that has taken off with practitioners as a basis on which to design human resource management (HRM) and career management practices. However, research to date in this area has been criticised broadly for both its lack of conceptual development and its methodological approach. One criticism of both academic and practical approaches to generational diversity is the common reliance on the Western (mostly North American) generational groupings and lack of consideration of the impact of other contextual variables, such as national culture and institutions, on generational work values. This symposium builds upon discussions at previous Academy of Management Annual Meetings by considering the nature of generational cohorts and the characteristics of these cohorts across different national contexts. This symposium will present four papers that move away from the idea of generational groups being universal and consider generations outside of the Western world. Our first paper by Parry, Eggenhofer-Rehart, Chudzikowski, Unite and Shen compares conceptualizations of career success in three age cohorts across countries, before using generational, life-span and life-stage approaches to discuss the different patterns found in the four countries of the USA, China, Nigeria and Germany. Second, Papavasileiou and Stergiou examine work values in what they call the Greek “Europeanised&x201D; generation, building on previous work to identify generational groupings specific to Greece. Our third paper, by Peretz, Parry and Fried uses the interesting approach of social media data mining to examine generational differences in work values in Israel, Argentina, Russia and the USA. Finally, Arslantas and Urick compare the conceptualization of generations in the USA and Turkey. At the conclusion of these papers, the Chair will lead a discussion between the presenters and audience.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The dawn of detachment

This article draws on Elias’s observations on the origins of political economy and sociology as well as his theory of involvement and detachment to supplement standard accounts of the history of sociology. It shows how, in the 1840s, sociology bifurcated into two tracks. Track I was the highly ‘involved’ partisan track associated with Marx and Engels and track II was the relatively ‘detached’, non-partisan track pursued by Saint-Simon, Comte, Lorenz von Stein and others. These two tracks continue to shape contemporary sociology as basic orientations. The polarization of class conflict predicted in Marx’s theory is contrasted with the class interdependence model in Lorenz von Stein, in particular. Elias’s work is understood as a synthesis of later developments in track II in which he strongly reaffirmed the historical separation of sociology from philosophy. Elias’s work is presented as a central theory of society and as a promising alternative to the prevailing practice of theoretical eclecticism in sociology.

Topic: Sociology and Norbert Elias
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Neurotrophins support regenerative axon assembly over CSPGs by an ECM-integrin-independent mechanism

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and myelin-based inhibitors are the most studied inhibitory molecules in the adult central nervous system. Unlike myelin-based inhibitors, few studies have reported ways to overcome the inhibitory effect of CSPGs. Here, by using regenerating adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we show that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inhibit axon assembly by a different mechanism from myelin-based inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that neither Rho inhibition nor cAMP elevation rescues extracellular factor-induced axon assembly inhibited by CSPGs. Instead, our data suggest that CSPGs block axon assembly by interfering with integrin signaling. Surprisingly, we find that nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes robust axon growth of regenerating DRG neurons over CSPGs. We have found that, unlike naive neurons that require simultaneous activation of neurotrophin and integrin pathways for axon assembly, either neurotrophin or integrin signaling alone is sufficient to induce axon assembly of regenerating neurons. Thus, our results suggest that the ability of NGF to overcome CSPG inhibition in regenerating neurons is probably due to the ability of regenerating neurons to assemble axons using an integrin-independent pathway. Finally, our data show that the GSK-3beta-APC pathway, previously shown to mediate developing axon growth, is also necessary for axon regeneration.

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Competence in advanced older people nursing: development of ‘Nursing older people – Competence evaluation tool’

Background Community care is characterised by a move from institutionalised to home‐based care, a large patient population with comorbidities including cognitive failure, and nurses who struggle to keep up with their many competence demands. No study has examined the competence of nurses based on present demands, and an instrument for this purpose is lacking. Aim and objective We conducted a D elphi study based in N orway to develop the substantial content of a new competence measurement instrument. We sought to reach consensus regarding which nursing staff competence is most relevant to meet the current needs of older patients. Design and method A total of 42 experts participated in three consecutive panel investigations. Snowball sampling was used. The experts were clinicians, leaders, teachers, researchers and relatives of older people who required nursing. In Round 1, all experts were interviewed individually. These data were analysed using meaning coding and categorisation. In Rounds 2 and 3, the data were collected using electronic questionnaires and analysed quantitatively with SPSS . Results The experts agreed that health promotion as well as disease prevention, treatment, palliative care, ethics and regulation, assessment and taking action, covering basic needs, communication and documentation, responsibility and activeness, cooperation, and attitudes towards older people were the most relevant categories of competence. Conclusions The experts showed clear consensus regarding the most relevant and current competence for nurses of older people. Assuming that older people in need of health care have the same requirements across cultures, this study's findings could be used as a basis for international studies. Implications for practice Those who nurse older people require competence that is complex and comprehensive. One way to evaluate nursing competence is through evaluation tools such as the N ursing O lder P eople – C ompetence E valuation tool.

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Tissue microarray: a new technology for amplification of tissue resources.

Tissue microarrays are a method of harvesting small disks of tissue from a range of standard histologic sections and placing them in an array on a recipient paraffin block such that hundreds of cases can be analyzed simultaneously. This technique allows maximization of tissue resources by analysis of small-core biop sies of blocks, rather than complete sections. Using this technology, a carefully planned array can be constructed with cases from pathology tissue block archives, such that a 20-year survival analysis can be performed on a cohort of 600 or more patients by use of only a few microliters of antibody in a single experiment. The reflex criticism of this technique is that the tissue analyzed is not representative, especially in antigens with heterogeneous staining patterns. This review addresses this issue, as well as the issue of antigen preservation or durability, which validates construction of arrays from archives. Strategies and methods of construction and analysis of the arrays are discussed, as well as some other unusual array applications. This technique can provide a highly efficient, high-throughput mechanism for evaluation of protein expression in large cohorts. It has the potential to allow validation of new genes at a speed comparable to the rapid rate of gene discovery afforded by DNA microarrays.

Topic: Gene expression and cancer classification
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Uncovering Challenges and Opportunities for 3D Printing Assistive Technology with Physical Therapists

Physical therapists have a history of modifying and making assistive technology (AT) to fit the unique needs of their patients. However, lack of materials, time, and access to training can restrict what they can create. While 3D printing has the opportunity to empower physical therapists to develop highly customized, economical, and timely assistive technology; little is known about the feasibility of using 3D printing in a clinical setting, and how to teach and engage physical therapists in physical prototyping. We collaborated with physical therapy professors and students at a medical university to integrate 3D printing and AT design into a graduate-level physical therapy class. Our investigation showed 3D printing is a viable tool for clinical production of AT. We found opportunities and barriers to 3D printing in the physical therapy field, and we present four considerations relevant to integrating 3D printing into clinical practice: 1) exploring augmentations versus novel AT designs, 2) improvements to novice 3D modeling software, 3) adjusting for prototype fidelity, and 4) selecting 3D printing materials. This paper contributes knowledge toward the understanding of practical applications of 3D printing in a clinical setting and teaching 3D modeling to non-engineers.

Topic: Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of punishment for errors on discrimination learning by humans.

Describes 3 studies in which Ss performed a difficult position discrimination task under different levels of punishment threat. 48, 64, and 64 undergraduates, respectively, served as Ss. The punishment operation consisted of presentations of a loud, medium, or soft 2700-Hz tone following errors. In Exp. I, the medium-tone punishment produced more accurate responding than the other 2 tones the Yerkes-Dodson effect. Responses latencies were also longer under the medium tone than the other 2 tones, an unexpected finding. In Exp. II, the inverted U function of the effect of punishment level on response latency was replicated under more stringent conditions. In Exp. III, effects of punishment contengency and relative frequency of the stimulus events were examined. Noncontingent punishment produced poorer choice performance than contingent punishment, especially when the loud tone was used. Results are compared with predictions from D. L. LaBerge's (see 37:4) recruitment theory, which accounts well for the choice data, but less well for the latency data. (20 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
506 Fatigue Characteristics of Wc-Co Hardmetals

Tool life of WC-Co hardmetals applied for cutting tools or wear resistant tools is often influenced by compressive or bending fatigue. In this study, therefore, compressive and bending fatigue characteristics of WC-Co hardmetals were investigated. The compressive fatigue strength was about two times higher than the bending fatigue strength in normal sintered and HIPed hardmetals at the same fatigue level. The difference between the compressive and bending fatigue strength was concluded to be whether structural defects acting as a fracture origin influence the fatigue strength or not. The effects of surface roughness and coating treatment on the fatigue characteristics were also investigated and discussed with surface residual stress.

Topic: Advanced materials and composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences