jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP OF MINERAL AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION WITH MASTITIS AND MILK QUALITY

Several trace minerals and vitamins have a direct effect on the function of the immune system and therefore could have a direct effect on the ability of a cow to combat mastitis. Smith et al. (1984) was the first to show a direct link between mineral and vitamin (selenium and vitamin E) nutrition and mastitis. Since that paper was published other research has shown relationships between vitamin A and B-carotene and mastitis. A limited amount of published data is available on the effects of copper and zinc on mastitis. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review clinical data on the effects of minerals and vitamins on mastitis, discuss how the newly published nutrient guidelines (NRC, 2001) pertain to mastitis, and present nutritional guidelines with respect to improved mammary gland health.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mechanical squeezing in a dissipative optomechanical system with an optical parametric amplifier

We theoretically demonstrate that an especially tuned degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) inside a cavity can lead to the momentum squeezing of a moving membrane in a dissipative optomechanical system. The momentum squeezing of the membrane depends on the parametric gain and the parametric phase of the OPA, the power of the external laser driving the cavity, and the temperature of the environment. The best achievable momentum squeezing is about 2.53 dB, which is limited by the OPA. Moreover, we show that the momentum squeezing of the membrane can be detected by directly measuring the cavity output field. In addition, we find that the mechanical squeezing can be enhanced to about 10.36 dB under the joint effect of the OPA and an input broadband squeezed vacuum field.

Topic: Mechanical and Optical Resonators
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
NPP Tropical Forest: Barro Colorado, Panama, 1969-1990, R1

This data set contains three ASCII files (.txt format). One file provides net primary productivity (NPP) data for the moist lowland tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. NPP estimates are based on field measurements of litterfall accumulation, tree growth and mortality, and herbivory. Above-ground biomass and LAI are also reported. The other two files provide climate data recorded onsite. Annual litterfall accumulation (leaf + twig + other litterfall) averaged 1,064 g/m2/year, excluding losses to herbivory, on the central plateau of the island and in the Lutz catchment (1969-1979) and 1,246 g/m2/year at Poacher's Peninsula (1986-1990). Herbivory due to insects (about 50 g/m2/year) was estimated from leaf litterfall (1974-1977) by measuring holes and gaps in fallen leaves. An additional 30 g/m2/year may be lost to vertebrate herbivores which leave no identifiable traces in litter traps. Coarse wood litterfall due to tree damage may represent an additional 46 g/m2/year. Above-ground biomass averaged 27,425 g/m2 based on inventory data collected every 5 years from 1985 to 2000 and allometric regression equations. Tree growth of 554 g/m2/year was based on above-ground biomass changes during the three census intervals. Tree mortality of 2-3% was estimated by recording dead or missing trees (1982-1990). LAI of 7.3 was based on the average area of leaves that fell per area of ground per year. Overall, above-ground NPP for Barro Colorado Island was estimated at 1,800 g/m2/year.

Topic: Forest ecology and management
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anthropology and Ethnographic Research in Peristan in Italian Archaelogy and Anthropology in Northern Pakistan (1955-2011)

A survey of almost three decades of Italian ethnographic research in Northern Pakistan highlighting research itineraries and major results. Co-authored by Alberto and Augusto Cacopardo

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes in lipid composition during the development of avocado fruits

The fruits of the avocado tree (Persea americana Mill.) have high levels of lipids that can be important raw material for the extraction of oil for the food industry. In addition, avocado has several cultivars with different oil contents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total lipid content and the fatty acid profile of different avocado cultivars during the maturation period. In this study, Breda, Fortuna, Hass, Margarida, Ouro Verde and Quintal avocado cultivars were used. Oil was obtained by extraction with hot solvent (Soxhlet) and after esterification, samples were injected in gas chromatograph. The highest total lipid contents were obtained by Breda, Hass and Margarida cultivars, with oleic fatty acid showing the greatest amount, ranging from 60% to 66%. Breda, Hass and Margarida cultivars are an alternative to the extraction of oil with great commercial potential to be exploited, avoiding wastes and increasing farmers' income.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hiss Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere: Density Dependence and a Diversity of Forms

Hiss is the name given to the collection of incoherent whistler-mode waves that populate the near-Earth region in and around the plasmasphere, a cold plasma torus about Earth. Hiss waves scatter electrons in pitch angle over a broad energy range, often causing them to be lost from the inner magnetosphere and deposited into the upper atmosphere. The persistent electron scattering and loss driven by hiss waves is important to the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere and radiation belts. These waves determine the shape of the Earthward edge of the radiation belts and are largely responsible for the formation of the gap between electron radiation belts (the slot region).

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications

Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.

Topic: Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
VEHICLE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM USER MANUAL

The Vehicle Design Optimization System (VDOS) is a group of four computer programs developed to study the effects of vehicle exterior designs on pedestrian fatalities and injuries. The four programs are OPTREG (optimization and regression analysis), PROMETHEUS 2 (accident simulation), ENTRACT (an interface program between OPTREG and PROMETHEUS 2, which converts the parametric hood model utilized by OPTREG to the finite element hood required by PROMETHEUS 2), and PRMPLT (an interface program between PROMETHEUS 2 and OPTREG which combines the detailed accident simulation measurements into a single number called a pedestrian injury index, and also generates Stromberg Carlson 4020 plots of the accident data). This document describes the coordinated use of OPTREG, PROMETHEUS 2, ENTRACT and PRMPLT to study hood design. Usage instructions for ENTRACT and PRMPLT are given, including data preparation instructions and examples of CDC 6600 KRONOS Interactive Timesharing control card sequences for execution of the programs. The relationship between the programs is described and all files used by the system are described in detail.

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adrenal Disorders and the Paediatric Brain: Pathophysiological Considerations and Clinical Implications

Various neurological and psychiatric manifestations have been recorded in children with adrenal disorders. Based on literature review and on personal case-studies and case-series we focused on the pathophysiological and clinical implications of glucocorticoid-related, mineralcorticoid-related, and catecholamine-related paediatric nervous system involvement. Childhood Cushing syndrome can be associated with long-lasting cognitive deficits and abnormal behaviour, even after resolution of the hypercortisolism. Exposure to excessive replacement of exogenous glucocorticoids in the paediatric age group (e.g., during treatments for adrenal insufficiency) has been reported with neurological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities (e.g., delayed myelination and brain atrophy) due to potential corticosteroid-related myelin damage in the developing brain and the possible impairment of limbic system ontogenesis. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a disorder of unclear pathophysiology characterised by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, has been described in children with hypercortisolism, adrenal insufficiency, and hyperaldosteronism, reflecting the potential underlying involvement of the adrenal-brain axis in the regulation of CSF pressure homeostasis. Arterial hypertension caused by paediatric adenomas or tumours of the adrenal cortex or medulla has been associated with various hypertension-related neurological manifestations. The development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) through childhood is tightly regulated by intrinsic, paracrine, endocrine, and external modulators, and perturbations in any of these factors, including those related to adrenal hormone imbalance , could result in consequences that affect the structure and function of the paediatric brain. Animal experiments and clinical studies demonstrated that the developing (i.e., paediatric) CNS seems to be particularly vulnerable to alterations induced by adrenal disorders and/or supraphysiological doses of corticosteroids. Physicians should be aware of potential neurological manifestations in children with adrenal dysfunction to achieve better prevention and timely diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Further studies are needed to explore the potential neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric long-term consequences of high doses of prolonged corticosteroid administration in childhood.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Forecasts for trans-border mobility: A case study of agricultural products imported from Laos to Thailand via the Chong-Mek border

This study aimed to 1) examine the overall data of agricultural products imported from Laos to Thailand via the Chong-Mek border, 2) find a reliable forecasting model for imported agricultural products, and 3) forecast the value of selected agricultural products to be imported from Laos to Thailand. All data were collected from the website of Chong-Mek customs house. The results indicate that 79.75% of the total products imported from Laos to Thailand were agricultural products. From the fiscal year 2008–2016, cabbage was the best imported product with an import value of 2,681 million USD. Chipped cassava was the second best with an import value of 1,970 million USD. Several forecasting models were applied to the total imported data, including 1) simple linear regression, 2) moving average, 3) exponential smoothing, and 4) double exponential smoothing. We found that simple linear regression and exponential smoothing were the most reliable forecasting models with minimum forecast errors. The 5-year forecast results indicate that the demand for cabbage, chipped cassava, sweet potato, and green banana from Laos is expected to increase to 782.52, 904.25, 149.93, and 121.97 million USD in the fiscal year 2021.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Treatment in Psychiatry in a New Classification Attire in the Shadow of Silence and Unprocessed Traumas from the Past. The Imperative of Perfectionism in the Present and Shame and Discomfort in the Future.

The new classification systems in psychiatry have dressed both patients and psychiatrists in completely new attire. One (DSM -5) is widely used and critics are hardly at peace with the psychiatry of normal living conditions and phenomena and a missed opportunity to 'save the normal'. The second attire is still standing on the mold in tailoring salon in Geneva (ICD-11) and is being ornamented by the online testing through a global network of clinical practice, now around 15,000 clinicians and mental health professionals, before it is distributed to psychiatrists worldwide. The objective is to (be) treated better and to keep quiet. We remain silent for fear, shame and insecurity in the face of devastating tendencies in the modern world. Unprocessed traumas and mourning from the past in current global setting support various mental disorders. Trauma leaves strong emotions, so if it has not been processed and the loss has not been mourned, these charged emotions get the characteristics of emotional volcanoes or timed bombs that are easily activated. Unprocessed group trauma among political or ideological leaders can become a means of strong manipulation of the masses. And the 'masses' are immersed, globally, in the mentalization of cognitive achievement at the expense of the emotional principle. By forcing competitiveness, perfectionism and narcissism, people try to 'be successful' at all costs. Perfectionism is a phenomenon that, under the influence of scientific and technological progress, computerization and globalization, increasingly affects the psychosocial development, functioning of the individual and society as a whole. Perfectionism is increasingly associated with anxiety and affective disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, eating disorders, and suicidality. Virtual reality, virtual sexuality, pornography, pervasive alienation and loneliness create a position of shame and cultural discomfort, which is so far the price of conformism. But in the Manichean prism, we might also call the new age an era of shamelessness and perversion in the broader sociocultural context leaving open the key question: "Can modern civilization avoid self-destruction?"

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of detomidine

The antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of detomidine, a novel sedative‐analgesic, were studied in mice and rats. Xylazine and morphine were included in the studies for comparison. In both acetic acid‐induced writhing test in mice, and in tail flick test in rats, detomidine had potent, dose‐dependent antinociceptive effects with ED 50 values of 0.06 and 0.2 mg/kg i.p., respectively. Both xylazine and morphine were clearly less potent than detomidine in these tests. The antinociceptive effect of detomidine was only inhibited by alpha‐2 antagonists (idazoxan, rauwolscine), which suggests that this action is mediated through stimulation of alpha‐2 adrenoceptors. The significance of these Findings for the use of detomidine in veterinary medicine is discussed.

Topic: Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Variations in Termite Susceptibility in Rice Varieties

This article 'Variations in Termite Susceptibility in Rice Varieties' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Regression and ARIMA hybrid model for new bug prediction

Abstract—A multiple linear regression and ARIMA hybrid model is proposed for new bug prediction depending upon resolved bugs and other available parameters of the open source software bug report. Analysis of last five year bug report data of a open source software “worldcontrol ” is done to identify the trends followed by various parameters. Bug report data has been categorized on monthly basis and forecast is also on monthly basis. Model accounts for the parameters such as resolved, assigned, reopened, closed and verified bugs respectively. Real time monthly data of these parameters from 2003 to 2007 is taken for multiple regression then hybrid model does monthly forecast for 2008. Model is basically hybrid of linear regression and ARIMA(p,0,p) where p = 1,2,3. Results show that monthly forecast of new bugs considering five predefined factors is far more accurate by hybrid model than just time series ARIMA forecast of new bugs. Hybrid of linear regression and ARIMA (3,0,3)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Waning of humoral immunity depending on the types of COVID-19 vaccine

Two-dose homologous ChAdOx1 vaccination or homologous mRNA-1273 booster appears to induce more-durable antibody responses than 2-dose homologous mRNA vaccination, homologous BNT162b2 booster, or 2-dose ChAdOx1 followed by BNT62b2 booster, although our findings are based on the relatively short term (3-month) follow-up after the vaccinations and the evaluation of the slopes from different antibody peak levels. Further studies on long-term durability depending on the types of vaccines are needed.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The expression of niacin receptor GPR109A on monocytes with age at onset in schizophrenia patients

More than 30 years of research has established the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). One of the most consistent of these alterations involves slow processing speed (PS), which has been related to multiple aspects of the disease. PS evaluation is standardised in the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), but certain tests (e.g., the digit-symbol coding tasks; DSCT) have been pointed out to be sufficient for this purpose. This review aims to evaluate the current state of knowledge about the PS of patients with SCZ to establish how this function has been and is currently being evaluated based on 1) the administered tests, 2) the number of tests applied, and 3) the construct or terms used to define PS.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1918501: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Compilation of sequences of tRNA genes

Compilation of sequences of tRNA genes Get access Mathias Sprinzl, Mathias Sprinzl +Department of Biochemistry, University of BayreuthP.O. Box 3008, D-8580 Bayreuth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dieter H. Gauss Dieter H. Gauss ++Department of Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle MedizinHermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-3400 Göttingen, GFR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 10, Issue 2, 22 January 1982, Page 762, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/10.2.762-a Published: 22 January 1982

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On Predicting the Success of Political Tweets Using Psycho-Linguistic Categories

Politics is increasingly influenced by Twitter communications and more and more politicians are using this platform to keep in touch with their electorate or to make proselytes. However, an effective communication is not easy to obtain and many studies are trying to identify strategies able to produce successful tweets. Day and time of publication, presence or absence of hashtags and images are some metrics used to define a communication strategy, but in this paper we propose a novel approach. Our idea is to describe tweets through novel psycho-linguistic categories (e.g. immigrants, security, kindness, etc.) and to use these categories as features to predict the success of political tweets. Through the observation of tweets posted over the last year by an Italian politician, very active and popular in the social scenario, we analyze two different machine learning approaches (i.e., Decision Tree and K-Neighbors) to predict the success of a tweet. The results obtained show that it is possible to achieve a prediction accuracy of 76%, thus showing the importance of the proposed psycho-linguistic categories to characterize tweets in the political context.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences