jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear self-adjointness and conservation laws for some third order equations

The concepts of self-adjoint and quasi-self-adjoint equations were introduced by N.H. Ibragimov, he also proved a general theorem on conservation laws. In 2011 the first of these authors has introduced the definition of weak self-adjoint equations and N.H. Ibragimov has introduced the concept of nonlinear self-adjointness. In this paper we consider a generalized Korteweg-de Vries and the third order potential Burgers equation. By using the property of self-adjointness and it generalizations we construct some conservation laws associated with symmetries of the differential equation.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
One-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Results According to Preoperative Bone Tunnel Diameter

Background: Bone tunnel enlargement is one of the important factors that determine whether a revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) should be performed in 1 or 2 stages. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the mid-term to long-term outcomes of 1-stage revision ACLR according to the amount of preoperative tunnel enlargement. Methods: Between January 2002 and January 2012, 88 patients who underwent revision ACLR were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the tunnel diameter (group A, &lt;12 mm; group B, ≥12 mm). Clinical scores (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] subjective score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score) and knee joint stability (as measured with the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and measurement of the side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on Telos stress radiographs) were evaluated preoperatively and 5 to 15 years postoperatively. The failure rate and survivorship were compared between groups A and B. Results: The mean time to final follow-up was 7.9 ± 2.6 years. There were 44 patients in each of the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the postoperative IKDC subjective scores, Lysholm scores, or Tegner activity scores between the groups. However, group A showed superior results on all knee joint stability tests except for the anterior drawer test. There were 3 failures in group A (7%) and 6 in group B (14%). The overall survival rates with failure as the end point were 93.1% and 84.6%, respectively, at 15 years. Conclusions: The 5 to 15-year clinical scores following revision ACLR did not differ significantly according to the preoperative amount of tunnel widening. However, the results of the postoperative Lachman and pivot-shift tests as well as the side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on Telos stress radiographs were significantly superior in the group with a preoperative tunnel diameter of &lt;12 mm compared with the group with a tunnel diameter of ≥12 mm. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Indexing the Distance Using Chord: A Distributed SimilaritySearch Structure

The need of search mechanisms based on data content rather then
attributes values has recently lead to formation of the
metric-based similarity retrieval. The computational complexity
of such retrieval and the large volume of processed data call
for distributed processing. In this paper, we propose
chiDistance, a distributed data structure for similarity search
in metric spaces. The structure is based on the idea of a
vector-based index method iDistance which enables to transform
the issue of similarity search into the one-dimensional range
search problem. A~Peer-to-Peer system based on the Chord
protocol is created to distribute the storage space and to
parallelize the execution of similarity queries. In the
experiments conducted on our prototype implementation we study
the system performance concentrating on several aspects of
parallelism of the range search algorithm.

Topic: Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Graduating Out of Poverty Across Generations: Unpacking Children’s Well‐being Trajectories in Burundi

Graduation model interventions represent a new wave of anti‐poverty programming that seeks to offer a sustainable pathway out of poverty. An expanding evidence base points towards positive economic outcomes at household level but little is known about impacts on child well‐being. This paper investigates children’s well‐being in Burundi during and after participation in a graduation model programme using a longitudinal mixed‐methods approach. The programme is found to improve child well‐being, particularly in relation to housing, food security and education. Covariate shocks undermine sustainability of effects but greater knowledge, experience and prioritisation of children’s needs contribute to harnessing improved outcomes.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The restoration of mineral workings in Britain ‐ a review

Abstract. Techniques for restoring mineral workings to agriculture, forestry or amenity uses are described. An integrated scheme of working and restoration is vital, taking account of the soil resources available, appropriate methods of soil handling (usually by earthscraper or dump‐truck and excavator) and a programme of aftercare including underdrainage. Changes in soil during storage are discussed. Some of the potential problems where the site is infilled with imported wastes are reviewed. The success of restoration can be judged by comparisons of soil properties, crop performance or the general acceptability of the restored site to the local residents.

Topic: Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transforming Fair Decision-Making about Sea-Level Rise in Cities: The Values and Beliefs of Residents in Botany Bay, Australia

Sea-level rise (SLR) is a threat to coastal areas and there is growing interest in how social values, risk perception and fairness can inform adaptation. This study applies these three concepts to an urban community at risk of SLR in Botany Bay, Australia. The study engaged diverse groups of residents via an online survey. Cluster analysis identified four interpretive communities: two groups value work-life balance, are concerned about SLR and would likely engage in collective adaptation. The third group value everything about Botany Bay and are active in organisations that could prove to be an important outreach. The fourth group were older men, disengaged from both SLR and policy but could respond to individual consultation and targeted communication. Thus, multifarious approaches can engage diverse communities in fair decision-making and transform community-facilitated adaptation.

Topic: Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Release of slow reacting substance from rabbit ocular tissues.

Investigations were carried out to determine whether any slow reacting substance (SRS) is released from the ocular tissues. The SRS activity was bioassayed using the guinea pig ileum in the presence of mepyramine and atropine. An SRS-specific antagonist, FPL55712, was also used to confirm SRS-induced ileum contraction. Incubation of the ocular tissue fragments of the rabbit with a Ca-ionophore A23187 resulted in a marked release of the SRS in the potency order of the choroid, ciliary body, conjunctiva and iris. The rabbit was sensitized with bovine serum albumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Experimental uveitis was induced by injection of antigen into the vitreous body the sensitized rabbits. The SRS could not be detected in the aqueous humor 10-24 hours after the antigen injection but it was released markedly into the vitreous. The SRS from the vitreous humor of the rabbits with experimental uveitis was purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and leukotriene C4 and leukotriene D4 were identified. It was suggested that release of the SRS from the ocular tissues plays a role in allergic and nonallergic uveitis.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Histology: Urate Crystals in Tissue: A Novel Staining Method for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Sections

The histologic appearance of gouty tophi is usually diagnostic; however, some cases require special techniques to demonstrate urate crystals for a definitive diagnosis. A simple and specific staining method is described to demonstrate urate crystals in tissue sections. The staining principle visualizes tissue architecture with eosin in absolute alcohol without aqueous reagents to prevent loss of urate crystals. Sections stained with this method showed gouty tophi with characteristic needleshaped yellow-brown urate crystals using light microscopy and diagnostic negative birefringence with polarizing microscopy. This method preserved urate crystals in tissue sections, allowing confirmation by polarizing microscopy. If the tissue is fixed in formalin for less than 12 hours, there is no significant loss of urate crystals; however, fixation for more than 48 hours dissolves the urate crysta

Topic: Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sustainable Wheat Production and Food Security of Domestic Wheat in Tajikistan: Implications of Seed Health and Protein Quality

Staple crop yield, quality and sustainable production are critical for domestic food security in developing countries. In Tajikistan, both seed-borne diseases and protein quality impair the yield and the quality of the major staple crop, wheat. Here, we used a detailed two-year survey of fields on 21 wheat-producing farms in Tajikistan, combined with lab analyses on seed health and protein quality, to investigate the presence of seed-borne diseases and bread-making quality in Tajik wheat. Seed samples were collected for the analysis of: (i) the presence of common bunt (Tilletia spp.) using the centrifuge wash test, (ii) the major pathogenic fungi on/in the seed using the agar plate test and (iii) the protein amount and size distribution using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Field occurrence of common bunt and loose smut was generally low (3 farms in year one (14%) showed common bunt occurrence), but the presence of fungi was observed microscopically on most seed samples (on seeds from 19 out of 21 farms = 91%). Tilletia laevis was the dominant agent in common bunt (present in 19 farms compared to T. tritici present in 6 farms). Altogether, 18 different fungi were identified from seed samples by microscopy. Protein composition, measured with high-performance liquid chromatography as protein amount and size distribution (known to correlate with bread-making quality), differed significantly between samples from different farms and years, although the farm type and land elevation of the farm were not the determinants of the protein composition. The presence of certain fungi on the seed correlated significantly with the protein quality and could then have an impact on the bread-making quality of the Tajik wheat. The presence of seed-borne diseases, a low protein content and weak gluten were the characteristics of the majority of the grain samples, mostly irrespective of farm type and farmer’s knowledge. For sustainable development of the Tajik farming systems, and to strengthen the food security of the country, the knowledge of Tajik farmers needs to be increased independently of farm type; in general, plant breeding is required and certified seeds need to be made available throughout the country.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Building Resilient Future: Information Technology and Disaster Management- A Malaysian Perspective

Abstract The recent evets of flooding, earthquakes, uncontrolled wildfires, hurricanes, and deadly storms in world has considered a serious threat to mankind and preparing for devastating disasters has never been more critical and urgent. Emergency Events Database suggests that by year 2050 the damages to flood related incidents to coastal cities will cost near to US$1 trillion. Risk from acts of nature cannot be fully prevented but needs to minimize and safe the innocent lives and property by utilizing disaster management technique to mitigate the losses. This paper presents Information Technologies applications in disaster management phases such as Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, mobile technology, drone, and satellite imagery and MOBILISE analytic platform considered as effective and efficient ways of strengthening resilience when disaster strikes and tremendously helpful for coordinating responses and accelerating the recovery of individuals and communities in the aftermath of recent natural disasters.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN WORK TIME STRUCTURE DETERMINING: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY

For the two most important known methods and techniques of determining and quantification of the classic work time structure cWTS, Work Day Figure WDF and Ratio Delay Study RDS or Work Sampling M ethod WSM, the theoretical hypothesis of the most important characteristics is represented, the same as procedures in four phases, along with their comparison. The project of application procedures for the methods and techniques WDF and RSD/ WSM has been done in the individual research and in comparison of the results of methods with the object of research from the business system and the aircraft industry processes, along with the belonging conclusions and state improvement suggestions.

Topic: Aerospace, Electronics, Mathematical Modeling
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
DAILY ACTIVITY BUDGET OF BANDED LANGUR (Presbytis femoralis) IN MALAYSIA

Banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) is an endangered leaf-eating colobine, found in Johor and Pahang in Malaysia. However, with less than 500 individuals reported to be surviving in Johor, their behaviour and ecology remain unknown among primatologists.
This study provides the first systematic data on the daily activity budget of the species in Malaysia. Scan sampling technique was used to observe and record P. femoralis behaviour with 10 min interval starting from February 2018 to November 2018. The results are based
on 186 h and 20 min of direct observation in the wild. The animals spent most of the time for resting (43 ± 13%) followed by moving (26 ± 9%), feeding (26 ± 7%), social
activities (4 ± 3%), and others (1 ± 0%). Seasonality significantly influences the activity budget of the animals resulting in increased resting and moving in the non-fruiting season. Feeding activities decreased in the non-fruiting season compared with the fruiting season,
whereas social activities remained the same. We concluded that the daily activity budget of P. femoralis in this study portrays comparable behavior to other langurs in Malaysia that would help in conservation and management of the species in terms of understanding temporal and spatial requirements of P. femoralis in a highly fragmented habitat.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Alternative Pathways for the Repair of RAG-Induced DNA Breaks

RAG1 and RAG2 cleave DNA to generate blunt signal ends and hairpin coding ends at antigen receptor loci in lymphoid cells. During V(D)J recombination, repair of these RAG-generated double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway contributes substantially to the antigen receptor diversity necessary for immune system function, although recent evidence also supports the ability of RAG-generated breaks to undergo homology-directed repair (HDR). We have determined that RAG-generated chromosomal breaks can be repaired by pathways other than NHEJ in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, although repair by these pathways occurs at a significantly lower frequency than NHEJ. HDR frequency was estimated to be >or=40-fold lower than NHEJ frequency for both coding end and signal end reporters. Repair by single-strand annealing was estimated to occur at a comparable or lower frequency than HDR. As expected, V(D)J recombination was substantially impaired in cells deficient for the NHEJ components Ku70, XRCC4, and DNA-PKcs. Concomitant with decreased NHEJ, RAG-induced HDR was increased in each of the mutants, including cells lacking DNA-PKcs, which has been implicated in hairpin opening. HDR was increased to the largest extent in Ku70-/- cells, implicating the Ku70/80 DNA end-binding protein in regulating pathway choice. Thus, RAG-generated DSBs are typically repaired by the NHEJ pathway in ES cells, but in the absence of NHEJ components, a substantial fraction of breaks can be efficiently channeled into alternative pathways in these cells.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Maintenance therapy with the TLR-9 agonist MGN1703 in the phase II IMPACT study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients: A subgroup with improved overall survival.

680 Background: Patients with mCRC and disease control after induction with first-line chemotherapy +/- bevacizumab were included in the double-blind placebo-controlled phase II IMPACT trial, aiming to assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and immunological effects of the immunomodulator MGN1703, a potent TLR9 agonist, given at the dose of 60 mg subcutaneously twice weekly as switch maintenance after first line induction therapy in mCRC. Methods: The trial was prematurely closed after randomization of 59 patients. The final analysis showed a superior effect of MGN1703 compared to placebo with hazard ratios (HR) for the primary endpoint PFS on maintenance of 0.55 (p=0.041) and 0.56 (p=0.070) by local investigator assessment or independent radiological review, respectively. Exploratory PFS analyses of pretreatment characteristics identified patients with normalized CEA, objective response, and the presence of activated NKT cells at the end of induction chemotherapy to benefit the most from maintenance with MGN1703. We analysed the impact of these factors on the secondary endpoint overall survival (OS). Results: At time of final study analysis, OS data were not mature. Only 35% of MGN1703 patients had an event, as opposed to 50% of placebo patients. The HR for OS of whole study population was 0.63 (median 22.6 vs. 15.1 months, p=NS). The subgroup of patients randomized into the study with confirmed RECIST response had a HR of 0.40 (median 24.5 vs. 15.1 months, p=NS), suggesting this may be the population with greater benefit. HR for patients with normalized CEA or with activated NKT cells were 0.69 and 0.43, respectively. Based on this evidence, in the phase III IMPALA study patients with objective response after standard induction therapy are randomized to standard treatment or switch maintenance with MGN1703. CEA and activated NKT cells are stratification factors for the study and will be prospectively assessed. Conclusions: The pretreatment characteristics predictive of a PFS benefit in the IMPACT study seem to retain their value also in exploratory analyses for OS. This information has been used to design the phase III IMPALA study, currently recruiting patients. Clinical trial information: NCT01208194.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bibliometrical Analysis of the Smart Grid Research

Based on the information of 1924 articles collected from China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD), bibliometrical analysis methods are used to analyze the smart grid research.The results showed that: 1) the smart grid has got the attention of many researchers, core authors have been initially presented; 2) The main research institutes of this field are the professional institute in electric power field and universities with electricity professional; 3) Automation of Electric Power Systems, East China Electric Power and Electrotechnical Application are the main journals publishing the articles about the smart grid; 4) "Demand response", "Power system" and "Internet of things" are the keywords frequently appeared, which are the research focuses in the field of smart grid.

Topic: Smart Grid and Power Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Conditions of (-) Epicatechin Active Material from Fagopyrum Dibotrys

To systematically and comprehensively study the optimal extraction conditions of(-) epicatechin active material from Fagopyrum dibotrys by ultrasonic-assisted method,the approximate scope of the ultrasonic power,the ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid to liquid and the extracting time and temperature were obtained by single factor experiment.Then,through Orthogonal Test experiment,the optimal process conditions were as follows: the ultrasonic power should not be over 250W,the concentration of ethanol was 45%,the solid to liquid ratio was 1∶18,the extracting temperature was 20℃ and the time 10 minutes.And the average extraction ratio of(-) epicatechin active material from Fagopyrum dibotrys reached 1.9374%.This extraction technique is quick and effective,and it can be applied to the pre-production in industrial production of(-) epicatechin monomer in Fagopyrum dibotrys.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Institutional Transformations In The Field Of Services In Digital Economy

The development of digital technologies resulted in a significant change in the economy and society. Digitalization transformed the production field and the field of services, made the relationship between the producer and the consumer more individual and closer. Digital technologies especially changed the scope of services, even such format as the E-services appeared. In Russia, this process is somewhat behind the developed countries, mainly due to the weak development of the relevant institutions. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to research the processes of creation of the institutional field and to identify new phenomena and trends in the development of institutions in the field of services under the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The historical, economic and system-logical methods constitute the methodological basis of the study. Results: the need for institutional changes in the services market is determined; the components of the creation of the institutional field are defined and new institutional units of the services market are systematized. The results of the work can be applied in the determination of the strategic and institutional development of the countrys economy. The solution of the problems of transformation of the field of services involves taking institutional measures to improve the countrys economic climate, in particular, the external environment for managing the institutions and organizations in the field of services.

Topic: Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences