jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Annealing on Proton-Exchanged LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Waveguides Fabricated Using Octanoic Acid

Annealing properties of proton-exchanged optical planar waveguides in z-cut LiNbO 3 fabricated using octanoic acid have been studied systematically. Waveguide propagation losses decrease with annealing time, and variations in the surface refractive index and waveguide depth with annealing time follow a power law relationship. The annealing process is shown to be an effective means of improving and modifying waveguide properties.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Tall Fescue Forage

Two trials were conducted during consecutive summers to compare performance of lactating cows fed four varieties of tall fescue soilage. The first trial was conducted in 1983 and the second in 1984 using 25 midlactation Holsteins. Treatments included endophyte-free Kenhy; 8.1% endophyte-infected Johnstone (a prevarietal release); endophyte-free Kentucky 31; 63% endophyte-infected Kentucky 31; and orchardgrass or alfalfa as controls. In 1983, concentrate was fed twice each day at the rate of 4.1 kg per feeding, and in 1984, 4.5 kg were fed twice daily for first 4 wk and 4.1 kg per feeding thereafter. Intake of Kenhy was higher than all other tall fescue treatments when data for both trials were combined. Means of the high endophyte Kentucky 31 group were lower than all other treatments during both trials for milk yield, dry matter intake, body weight change, and serum prolactin in 1984 while higher for rectal temperature. Improved intake and performance of the cows consuming Kenhy compared with those consuming endophyte-free Kentucky 31 indicated the improved forage quality of this variety. Decreased performance of dairy cows consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue, even at a relatively low infection, was evident.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cytoskeletal Dynamics in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Axon Regeneration

Axon regeneration after damage is widespread in the animal kingdom, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has recently emerged as a tractable model in which to study the genetics and cell biology of axon regrowth in vivo. A key early step in axon regrowth is the conversion of part of a mature axon shaft into a growth cone–like structure, involving coordinated alterations in the microtubule, actin, and neurofilament systems. Recent attention has focused on microtubule dynamics as a determinant of axon-regrowth ability in several organisms. Live imaging studies have begun to reveal how the microtubule cytoskeleton is remodeled after axon injury, as well as the regulatory pathways involved. The dual leucine zipper kinase family of mixed-lineage kinases has emerged as a critical sensor of axon damage and plays a key role in regulating microtubule dynamics in the damaged axon.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Banraw: Band-Limited Radar Waveform Design Via Phase Retrieval

This paper presents a uniqueness result which states that a band- limited signal can be recovered from at least 3B measurements where B is the bandwidth from the radar ambiguity function (AF). This function is a two-dimensional mapping of the propagation delay and Doppler frequency. This formal model represents the distortion of a returned pulse due to the receiver matched filter. To estimate a time/band-limited signal from its radar AF, a trust region algorithm that minimizes a smoothed non-convex least-squares objective function is proposed. The method consists of two steps. First, we approximate the signal by an iterative spectral algorithm. Then, the attained initialization is refined based upon a sequence of gradient iterations. To the best of our knowledge this work is seminal in the sense of solving the radar phase retrieval problem for band-limited signals. Simulations results suggest that the proposed algorithm is able to estimate band-limited signals from its radar AF for both complete and incomplete radar cases. The AF is incomplete when only few shifts are considered. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm estimates the signal with mean-square-error of 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> for both complete and incomplete noisy cases.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The “Totality of Circumstances Test” in Section 2 of the 1982 Extension of the Voting Rights Act: A Social Science Perspective*

We discuss uses of social science definitions and research methods in judging compliance with the recently modified language of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. That Act now specifies a “totality of circumstances” effects lest for the existence of racial vote dilution. There are seven “typical” factors listed by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary in its report on the 1982 Voting Rights extension as among those which may be used to establish a Section 2 violation. Because of the nature of these factors, extensive (and often conflicting) testimony by social scientists has now become an inescapable feature of Section 2 litigation. We focus particular attention on one of the seven factors, racially polarized voting, because measurement of it is, as judged by recent litigation, the most controversial, the most complex, and the most important. We also discuss at some length another factor, racial campaign appeals, which also raises issues of appropriate definition and measurement. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a standardization of terminology and operationalization in an important public policy area, and to show how social science methodology can assist legal fact‐finding.

Topic: Law, Rights, and Freedoms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legends from &lt;i&gt;SMARCB1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;INI1&lt;/i&gt; Genetic Inactivation Is Responsible for Tumorigenic Properties of Epithelioid Sarcoma Cell Line VAESBJ

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends � PDF file 51K, Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficient Routing Using Prefix Matching In Hybrid Ad Hoc Networks

Research in Hybrid Ad hoc networks has grown over years to address the issues regarding efficient connectivity and transfer of Internet data to mobile Ad hoc networks from Internet host in fixed networks. This paper focuses on various issues of hybrid networks such as connectivity and routing performance. We have proposed a model for extending Internet connectivity to Mobile Ad hoc networks together with providing efficient routing between mobile devices in Hybrid Ad hoc networks. Our model uses prefix matching for finding if destination node is mobile node or internet node. Default route maintenance on hop by hop basis to forward packets from mobile node to Internet node, and intermediate node handling route request for default route setup have also been proposed in our model.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rural Customers’ Attitude and Satisfaction towards Honda Two Wheelers and Showroom Services, Tiruvarur

Objectives: A buyer in general compares the performance of the products they bought with their expectation with regard to satisfaction. Firms have to constantly meet the expectations of the buyers by means of their offer which meet and exceed the buyers’ expectation. This will ensure firms endurance in the competitive environment which may give them competitive advantage to surpass the rest of the players in the market. Honda is one of the biggest firms in India. They have many models of two wheelers for the customers and also they launch many new models every year. This study deals with the consumer attitude and satisfaction towards Honda two wheelers and services at Honda showroom, Tiruvarur in India. This study was conducted to find out the factors influencing consumer behaviour of Honda two wheelers and the factors influencing consumer behaviour of Honda two wheelers. Methods/Analysis: Primary and secondary data were utilised for this study. 230 two wheeler customers of Honda showroom, Thiruvarur was included for this study. In order to find out the respondents’ opinion about awareness about Honda two wheelers, model of Honda, celebrity endorsement, price of Honda, employee behaviour in the showroom and level of services at the showroom structured questionnaire was used. In order to test the structured questionnaire, 20 respondents were used for pilot study. For Data analysis Software package SPSS was used. Statistical techniques like Chi-square test, Factor analysis and percentage analysis were used to analyse the collected data. Findings: From the analysis it is inferred that majority of the customers are highly satisfied with Honda two wheelers and the dealer of Honda motors) in Tiruvarur. Majority of the customers were highly loyal and satisfied (except vehicle provided with the reasonable amount of fuel at the time of delivery) with the service at the showroom. At the time of purchase, customers should be educated towards handling and maintenance of two wheelers and dealers have to ensure the availability of spare parts. Applications/Improvements: This study was conducted in rural area to understand the customer opinion about the Honda two wheelers and showroom experience. Automobile dealers have opportunities to meet the buyers in person and can contact them. In order to understand the buyers’ opinion of Honda two wheelers and showroom, dealers have to conduct these kinds of surveys periodicallyKeywords: Customer Attitude, Dealer, Satisfaction, Service, Two Wheeler

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
AAAGUGC Seed-Containing miRNAs: Master Regulators of Cancer Pathways and Therapeutic Resistance

MicroRNAs have emerged as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators, orchestrating a myriad of cellular processes critical to both normal physiology and pathological conditions, particularly cancer. Among these, miRNAs containing the highly conserved AAAGUGC seed sequence have garnered significant attention due to their multifaceted roles in cancer progression, acting as both oncogenes and tumour suppressors across a wide spectrum of malignancies. This review delves deeply into the evolutionary significance of AAAGUGC seed-containing miRNAs, elucidating their conserved nature and intricate roles in the regulation of cancer-related gene expression networks. We focused on eight specific miRNAs- miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-519d-3p, miR-526b-3p, and miR-20b-5p -each of which demonstrates context-dependent oncogenic or tumour-suppressive behaviour. Through an indepth exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which these miRNAs modulate critical pathways, we highlighted their capacity to influence essential processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and drug resistance, reflecting the complexity of their regulatory roles. Furthermore, we dissected the intricate interactions between these miRNAs and their downstream targets, showcasing their diverse contributions to the tumour microenvironment. The implications of miRNA dysregulation in chemotherapy resistance were also explored. In conclusion, AAAGUGC seed-containing miRNAs represent a complex and evolutionarily conserved family with implications in cancer biology. Their ability to modulate multiple oncogenic and tumour-suppressive pathways highlights their potential as therapeutic targets or biomarkers in the context of personalized cancer treatment strategies. This review provides a comprehensive depth of current knowledge while proposing avenues for future research into the therapeutic manipulation of these miRNAs in combating cancer.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical syndromes of glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity

Purpose of review This review focuses on clinical syndromes of glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity in humans. Recent findings Glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity syndromes can be categorized by mechanism into syndromes caused by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene mutations or polymorphisms, and syndromes caused by abnormal glucocorticoid metabolism. GR mutations cause generalized glucocorticoid resistance. More common GR polymorphisms are associated with phenotypic characteristics suggesting either mild resistance or hypersensitivity to glucocorticoid. Pharmaceutical inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 3A4 system such as ritonavir and itraconazole cause hypersensitivity to inhaled glucocorticoids. Enzymes controlling cortisol and cortisone interconversion are tissue specific. A deficiency of cortisone reductase (decreased conversion of cortisone to cortisol) in adipose tissue causes a glucocorticoid resistance syndrome, with the absence of Cushingoid features in a patient with Cushing's syndrome. A renal tubule deficiency in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (decreased conversion of cortisol to cortisone) causes hypertension and hypokalemia due to an apparent hypersensitivity to cortisol. Summary GR and glucocorticoid metabolism abnormalities cause glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity with diverse clinical presentations. Therapies are targeted to the specific mechanistic abnormalities.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Leukocytosis as a Paraneoplastic Phenomenon in Patients with Malignant Lung Tumors

Objective: leukocytosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome may occasionally occur in patients with lung carcinoma. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of leukocytosis in our sample of patients with lung carcinoma, to determine if leukocytosis is more common with a particular type of lung carcinoma, and whether leukocytosis caused inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in patients with lung carcinoma. Methods: The study included 100 lung carcinoma patients treated at Department of Lung Diseases, General Hospital, during a three-year period (2003-2006). The methods of descriptive statistics were used on statistical analysis. Results: during a three-year period (2003-2006), 100 patients with lung carcinoma were treated at General Hospital, 23% of them with leukocytosis as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. Antibiotic therapy was prescribed in five of 23 (1,25%) patients. Conclusion: leukocytosis was most frequently associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (43%), however, without statistical significance. Antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 1,25% of leukocytosis patients, suggesting that leukocytosis was correctly recognized as a araneoplastic phenomenon and was not unnecessarily treated with antibiotics.

Topic: Cancer and biochemical research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interface Applications of Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy with a Free Electron Laser

The study of semiconductor interfaces and of solid interfaces in general requires novel instrument capable to investigate the lateral fluctuations of properties on a microscopic scale. We present the first result of a major effort in that framework, whose main objective is the exploitation of the unique characteristics of free electron laser (FEL) infrared sources. The background was provided by our previous development of FEL-based techniques to measure interface barriers with high accuracy and reliability. Quite recently, we were able to implement similar investigations with high lateral resolution. The key elements were the use of a small-tip optics fiber and its coupling with a scanning module; in this way, we achieved and verified the condition of near-field microscopy — including a lateral resolution much below the wavelength value. Our discussion includes a presentation of the first scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) images obtained with an FEL and data on small and microscopic-scale fluctuations of semiconductor interface barriers. The likely development of this exciting new field will also be discussed, in particular considering the new proposals for powerful FELs in the low-wavelength spectral range.

Topic: Near-Field Optical Microscopy
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Complex formation dynamics of native and mutated pyrin's B30.2 domain with caspase‐1

Abstract Pyrin protein is the product of the MEFV gene, mutations in which cause manifestation of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Functions of pyrin are not completely clear. The secondary structure of the pyrin is represented with four domains and two motifs. Mutations p.M680I, p.M694V, p.M694I, p.K695R, p.V726A, and p.A744S, which are located in the B30.2 domain of pyrin protein, are responsible for manifestation of the most common and severe forms of FMF. All the domains and the motifs of pyrin, are directly or indirectly, involved in the protein–protein interaction with proteins of apoptosis and regulate the cascade of inflammatory reactions, which is impaired due to pyrin mutations. It is well known, that malfunction of the pyrin‐caspase‐1 complex is the main reason of inflammation during FMF. Complete tertiary structure of pyrin and the effects of mutations in it are experimentally not studied yet. The aim of this study was to identify possible effects of the abovementioned mutations in the B30.2 domain tertiary structure and to determine their potential consequences in formation of the B30.2‐caspase‐1 complex. Using in silico methods, it was found, that these mutations led to structural rearrangements in B30.2 domain tertiary structure, causing shifts of binding sites and altering the interaction energy between B30.2 and caspase‐1.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial control of <i>hairy</i> protein expression during embryogenesis

ABSTRACT We have used a polyclonal antiserum specific for the Drosophila segmentation gene, hairy (h), to analyse its expression during embryogenesis. The pattern of wildtype expression resembles that of h transcription, being expressed in stripes at the blastoderm stage, h is also expressed later in the stomodæum, proctodæum, tracheal pits and mesoderm. We demonstrate that h protein stripes show consistent phase relationships to those of the even-skipped (eve) pair-rule gene. We examine h protein patterns in embryos mutant for other segmentation genes, including h itself. We show that lack of h activity appears not to affect h striping, arguing that h expression is not under autoregulatory control. We also show that h activity is not needed for tracheal invagination. Mutations that are rearranged upstream of the h gene cause the loss of specific stripes, indicating that the h promoter includes activating elements that respond to specific spatial cues. Our observations suggest that pairrule striping may be under redundant control, and we discuss possible implications for hierarchical models of pair-rule gene action.

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Close reading: What is reading for?

Close reading has been a key shift in classroom instruction under the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The CCSS positions evidence extraction as the purpose for reading in school and is clear that close reading is the means by which this should occur. Using alternate readings of the picture book, Letting Swift River Go, I'll argue for the importance of reading with critical place consciousness while offering a critique of close reading as the only authorized textual approach within the CCSS. While close reading advocates point to its pedagogical potential, neglected in these discussions are questions about the broader purposes of learning to read in school. Despite the intuitive appeal of close reading, considering the practice through critical place consciousness suggests it is an inadequate construction of what reading is and what reading can do. To make this argument, I offer two readings of Letting Swift River Go, a close reading and a place-conscious reading, and conclude with a discussion about the implications of reading with a sole focus on what lies within the four corners of a text.

Topic: Indigenous and Place-Based Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Acquisition of Contact Force and Slippage Using a Vision-Based Tactile Sensor with a Fluid-Type Touchpad for the Dexterous Handling of Robots

This paper presents a new approach for estimating contact force and slippage by using a vision-based tactile sensor with a fluid-type touchpad for the dexterous handling of robots. The sensor consists of a CCD camera, LED lights, a transparent acrylic plate and a deformable touchpad. The sensor can obtain a variety of tactile information, such as the contact force, shape, contact region, position and orientation of an object in contact with the fluid-type touchpad. The previous method for measuring contact force requires extensive calculation; this paper proposes a new method based on lookup tables for measuring normal force, tangential force and moment, using a fluid-type touchpad. Additionally, we clarify the mechanism of slippage between a fluid-type touchpad and a contacted object. This mechanism is efficient for applying the proposed slippage estimation method to a fluid-type touchpad. The validation of the proposed methods is confirmed in the experimental results.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Test Excavations at Citico (40HA65) Hamilton County, Tennessee

In June and July, 1988 test excavations were conducted on a portion of the Citico Site (40HA65). A considerable amount of cultural material, structural features and human burials were documented. More importantly, it was demonstrated that significant portions of the site remain archaeologically intact. Further research would provide valuable insights concerning this major southeastern site.

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Incremental Predictive Value of Coronary Calcium Score in Risk Stratification of Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Normal or Mild Ischemia Using Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Risk stratification using CACS with a cut-off value 300 may have incremental predictive value for revascularization in patients with normal or mildly abnormal MPS.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences