jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and expression study of grb10 interacting gyf domain protein 2 (GIGYF2) gene in zebrafish development

Grb 10 Interacting GYF domain protein 2 (GIGYF2) is a member of the GYGYF family gene which interacts specifically with Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 10 (Grb 10). Recently, GIGYF2 is nominated as candidate gene which causes Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it falls within PARK11 locus. At present, the functional role of GIGYF2 remains unknown. By using a zebrafish model, this study was to clone and study the expression of GIGYF gene in various stages of the zebrafish including the somite stages where first dopaminergic (DA) neurons differentiate at about 18 hpf in zebrafish. Total RNAs were extracted from 4-cell stage until 5 day post fertilization (dpf) stage of the zebrafish. First strand cDNA synthesis was then constructed to perform RT-PCR. Through RT-PCR, the expression pattern for GIGYF2 had been established from 4-cell until 5 dpf. The expression of GIGYF2 in 9 hpf, 18 hpf and 120 hpf are important for PD study as they may provide a hint into GIGYF2’s role in governing and regulating the dopaminergic differentiation and degeneration, which perhaps related to the onset of PD.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Base‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrodechlorination of Aryl Chlorides with Pinacol Borane

Abstract Base‐free palladium‐catalyzed reactions of aryl chlorides with pinacol borane have been found to give the hydrodechlorinated products while similar reactions of aryl halides with pinacol borane in the presence of a base were reported to result in borylation. The base‐free conditions offer reasonable functional group compatibility. Experimental studies suggest that smooth and selective hydride transfer from pinacol borane to arylpalladium chloride under base‐free conditions is promoted by a strong interaction between the Lewis acidic boron and the chlorine on the palladium.

Topic: Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Digital Bank of the Future

In this article the authors express their opinion regarding digital transformation in the banking sector.Initially, it was stated that digital technologies open new opportunities for further development of the sector.Existing literature on this issue revealed the main approaches to the definition of digital transformation in the banking sector.The authors analyzed Russian and foreign digital technologies, implemented for planning, monitoring and evaluating management strategies, which enabled them to suggest priority areas for digital technology application as part of the further development of performance management.According to the analysis, digital bank transformation, contrary to the popular belief, is no alternative.Moreover, digital technologies resolve many problems identified in the past when mechanisms and tools for performance management had been implemented.Digital technologies shorten the time lag between results achievement and getting data on results, significantly increase the number of data sources and indicators that can be used for planning, monitoring and evaluating the productivity and efficiency of banking activities, reduce the risk of reported data being purposefully misrepresented.The research objective is to define the concept of digital bank, identify problems and advantages of digital technologies in banking.Theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the work of Russian and foreign scientists on banking sector problems in terms of digitalization.Ronald Coase`s theory of uniting people into production cooperatives of any type holds a special place in this research.The following research methods have been used: modeling, analogy, historical analysis.

Topic: Digital Platforms and Economics
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Accommodating Behaviour by Worker Representatives in Europe. A Gender Perspective

Changing industrial relations are affecting the role of worker representatives around Europe. Worker representatives more and more are negotiating with management on behalf of the employees, and act as a mediator between management and their co-workers. This challenging position is still mostly occupied by men, with only a small percentage of worker representatives being female, although participation of women would contribute to more social innovations, according to Dean (2006). One reason might be, that female representatives act differently in negotiations, do get involved less in tough bargaining, and perceive less support in the organisation for this demanding role. Therefore we hypothesized: a.) Female representatives are more accommodating in conflicts with management, compared with men. b.) Accommodating behaviour is related with less perceived job resources (autonomy and social support), especially for women. In this study we approach different theoretical frameworks to analyze the differences in the behaviour of women in their position in the union and in their role as negotiators. We explore the experience of work by male and female worker representatives, focusing on the relation between the perceived job resources (autonomy and social support) and the behaviour in organizational conflicts. We focus on accommodating ( giving in) behaviour, which we see as detrimental to their position and the holding of power inside the organizations. To investigate these issues we analyze a sample of 1938 shop stewards, both male and female, from four European countries (Spain, Belgium, Holland and Denmark). Using multiple regression for testing our hypotheses, we arrive at the conclusion that female representatives perceive autonomy and social support differently than male. This differentiation is only significant in countries where women posses less power positions (Spain and Belgium). Consequently, the conflict management behaviour of male and female is affected differently. We explore interventions to promote women in the role as worker representatives, as trade unions seem to be still male – dominated organisations.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Per-pixel displacement mapping using cone tracing with correct silhouette

Per-pixel displacement mapping is a texture mapping technique that adds the microrelief effect to 3D surfaces without increasing the density of their corresponding meshes. This technique relies on ray tracing algorithms to find the intersection point between the viewing ray and the microrelief stored in a 2D texture called a depth map. This intersection makes it possible to deter-mine the corresponding pixel to produce an illusion of surface displacement instead of a real one. Cone tracing is one of the per-pixel displacement map-ping techniques for real-time rendering that relies on the encoding of the empty space around each pixel of the depth map. During the preprocessing stage, this space is encoded in the form of top-opened cones and then stored in a 2D texture, and during the rendering stage, it is used to converge more quickly to the intersection point. Cone tracing technique produces satisfactory results in the case of flat surfaces, but when it comes to curved surfaces, it does not support the silhouette at the edges of the 3D mesh, that is to say, the relief merges with the surface of the object, and in this case, it will not be rendered correctly. To overcome this limitation, we have presented two new cone tracing algorithms that allow taking into consideration the curvature of the 3D surface to determine the fragments belonging to the silhouette. These two algorithms are based on a quadratic approximation of the object geometry at each vertex of the 3D mesh. The main objective of this paper is to achieve a texture mapping with a realistic appearance and at a low cost so that the rendered objects will have real and complex details that are visible on their entire surface and without modifying their geometry. Based on the ray-tracing algorithm, our contribution can be useful for current graphics card generation, since the programmable units and the frameworks associated with the new graphics cards integrate today the technology of ray tracing

Topic: Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emphysematous Pyelitis Disguised as Cholestasis and Jaundice

Emphysematous pyelitis is a rare infection of the renal pelvis occurring alone or in association with pyelonephritis. The most common cause is E. coli and diabetes is the strongest risk factor. In a retrospective review including 48 patients who were diagnosed with either emphysematous pyelitis or pyelonephritis, the mean patient age was 60 years old and women outnumbered men 6:12. The most common initial symptoms include fever, dysuria, abdominal pain, and flank pain. The most frequent organ system involvement is hematologic and renal.
Our patient, a 76 year old female, with no past medical history, presented with progressive weakness followed by the onset of jaundice. Her exam was notable for hypertension but no fever, jaundice, epigastric/right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness or peritoneal signs. Labs were remarkable for a profound leukocytosis, anemia, cholestasis, and an elevated creatinine. An abdominal ultrasound did not reveal cholecystitis or a common bile duct obstruction. Empiric antibiotics to include Ceftriaxone and Flagyl were started for possible cholangitis.
On hospital day two, an abdominal endoscopic ultrasound was performed in lieu of a contrast study as renal function had worsened. This examination was normal. A non-contrasted CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated the unusual findings of emphysematous pyelitis with a surrounding fluid collection concerning for a perinephric abscess. Subsequent management included placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube and antibiotics. Emphysematous pyelitis presenting as cholestasis is a novel clinical presentation of a rare illness.

Topic: Infectious Disease Case Reports and Treatments
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Decoding the complex internal chemical structure of garnet porphyroblasts from the Zermatt area, Western Alps

Abstract Garnet is a prototypical mineral in metamorphic rocks because it commonly preserves chemical and textural features that can be used for untangling its metamorphic development. Large garnet porphyroblasts may show extremely complex internal structures as a result of a polycyclic growth history, deformation, and modification of growth structures by intra‐ and intercrystalline diffusion. The complex internal structure of garnet porphyroblasts from garnet–phengite schists (GPS) of the Zermatt area (Western Alps) has been successfully decoded. The centimetre‐sized garnet porphyroblasts are composed of granulite facies garnet fragments overgrown by a younger generation of grossular‐rich eclogite facies garnet. The early granulite facies garnet (G‐Grt) formed from low‐ P , high‐ T metamorphism during a pre‐Alpine orogenic event. The late garnet (E‐Grt) is typical of high‐pressure, low‐temperature (HPLT) metamorphism and can be related to Alpine subduction of the schists. Thus, the garnet of the GPS are polycyclic (polymetamorphic). G‐Grt formation occurred at ~670 MPa and 780°C, E‐Grt formed at ~1.7 GPa and 530°C. The G‐Grt is relatively rich in Prp and poor in Grs, while E‐Grt is rich in Grs and poor in Prp. The Alm content (mol.%) of G‐Grt is 68 of E‐Grt 55. After formation of E‐Grt between and around fragmented G‐Grt at 530°C, the GPS have been further subducted and reached a maximum temperature of 580°C before exhumation started. Garnet composition profiles indicate that the initially very sharp contacts between the granulite facies fragments of G‐Grt and fracture seals of HPLT garnet (E‐Grt) have been modified by cation diffusion. The profiles suggest that Ca did not exchange at the scale of 1 µm, whereas Fe and Mg did efficiently diffuse at the derived maximum temperature of 580°C for the GPS at the scale of 7–8 µm. The Grt–Grt diffusion profiles resulted from spending c. 10 Ma at 530–580°C along the P–T–t path. The measured Grt composition profiles are consistent with diffusivities of log D MgFe = −25.8 m 2 /s from modelled diffusion profiles. Mg loss by diffusion from G‐Grt is compensated by Fe gain by diffusion from E‐Grt to maintain charge balance. This leads to a distinctive Fe concentration profile typical of uphill diffusion.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
End-to-end Text-dependent Speaker Verification Using Novel Distance Measures

This paper explores novel ideas in building end-to-end deep neural network (DNN) based text-dependent speaker verification (SV) system. The baseline approach consists of mapping a variable length speech segment to a fixed dimensional speaker vector by estimating the mean of hidden representations in DNN structure. The distance between two utterances is obtained by computing L2 norm between the vectors. This approach performs worse than the conventional Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) based SV on a publicly available corpora. We believe that a degraded performance is due to the employed averaging operation, which may not capture the phonetic information of an utterance. Recent studies indicate that techniques exploiting phonetic information in addition to speaker is beneficial for this task. This paper therefore proposes to incorporate content information of the speech signal by computing distance function with linguistic units co-occuring between enrollment and test data. The whole network is optimized by employing a triplet-loss objective in an end-to-end fashion to estimate SV scores. Experiments on the RSR2015 dataset indicate that the proposed approach outperforms GMM-UBM system by 48% and 36% relative equal error rate for fixed-phrase and random-digit conditions respectively.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Are there reliable methods to estimate the nuclear orientation of Seyfert galaxies?

Orientation, together with accretion and evolution, is one of the three main drivers in the Grand Unification of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Being unresolved, determining the true inclination of those powerful sources is always difficult and indirect, yet it remains a vital clue to apprehend the numerous, panchromatic and complex spectroscopic features we detect. There are only a hundred inclinations derived so far; in this context, can we be sure that we measure the true orientation of AGN? To answer this question, four methods to estimate the nuclear inclination of AGN are investigated and compared to inclination-dependent observables (hydrogen column density, Balmer linewidth, optical polarization, and flux ratios within the IR and relative to X-rays). Among these orientation indicators, the method developed by Fisher, Crenshaw, Kraemer et al., mapping and modeling the radial velocities of the [O iii] emission region in AGN, is the most successful. The [O iii]-mapping technique shows highly statistically significant correlations at &gt;95% confidence level for rejecting null hypothesis for all the test cases. Such results confirm that the Unified Model is correct at a scale ranging from kiloparsec to a fraction of a parsec. However, at a radial distance less than 0.01 pc from the central black hole, warps and misalignments may change this picture.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Towards An Archaeology of the Hudson River Ice Harvesting Industry

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, natural ice cut from the Hudson River provided the New York City metropolitan area with much of its supply. This article briefly examines the history and technology of this industry, and its impact on local workers, commuities, and landscapes. The documentary history and visible remains of three ice house sites are analyzed, with ice house technology viewed as an integrated system of production and transportation. Results suggest that archaeological examination of such sites can be used to study variations in ice industry technology and reveal features not mentioned in the documentary record. Aerial photography and shoreline reconnaissance indicate that archaeological remains of many Hudson River ice houses are still preserved. These should be studied before they are destroyed by development.

Topic: Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Thermal conductivity of silicon nitride membranes is not sensitive to stress

We have measured the thermal properties of suspended membranes from 10 K to\n300 K for two amplitudes of internal stress (about 0.1 GPa and 1 GPa) and for\ntwo different thicknesses (50 nm and 100 nm). The use of the original 3 \\omega\n-Volklein method has allowed the extraction of both the specific heat and the\nthermal conductivity of each SiN membrane over a wide temperature range. The\nmechanical properties of the same substrates have been measured at helium\ntemperatures using nanomechanical techniques. Our measurements show that the\nthermal transport in freestanding SiN membranes is not affected by the presence\nof internal stress. Consistently, mechanical dissipation is also unaffected\neven though Qs increase with increasing tensile stress. We thus demonstrate\nthat the theory developed by Wu and Yu [Phys. Rev. B 84, 174109 (2011)] does\nnot apply to this amorphous material in this stress range. On the other hand,\nour results can be viewed as a natural consequence of the "dissipation\ndilution" argument [Y. L. Huang and P. R. Saulson, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 544\n(1998)] which has been introduced in the context of mechanical damping.\n

Topic: Thermal properties of materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Apraxia and autotopoagnosia without aphasia or agraphia with compulsive language activity in right hemispheric lesion].

A 75 year-old woman was admitted with a left hemiplegia resulting from an infarct in the right middle artery's territory. Her manual preference was ambiguous from early childhood. She presented with severe bilateral apraxia, autotopoagnosia, finger agnosia, and left spatial neglect. There was, however, no aphasia nor agraphia. When the patient attempted to perform gestures on order, she compulsively produced oral or written language. In this very unusual case, dominance for gesture and dominance for language were strictly independent, each ensured by one hemisphere. The patient's performances in gestual activities, especially dissociation between automatic and voluntary movements, and compulsive linguistic productions, are discussed in relation to this functional lateralization. We suggest that the propositional nature of the responses required in test conditions could activate either voluntary language in the left cerebral hemisphere, or voluntary gestures in the right. A competition between the two hemispheres could explain the patient's linguistic apraxic or behavior in response to orders. Autotopoagnosia, an uncommon symptom, could interfere with apraxia, but is not directly responsible.

Topic: Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Relationship Between Touch Impairment and Brain Activation After Lesions of Subcortical and Cortical Somatosensory Regions

Background. The neural basis underlying somatosensory impairment and recovery poststroke is virtually unexplored. Objective. To investigate the relationship between touch discrimination impairment and task-related brain activation in stroke survivors with somatosensory impairment following subcortical or cortical lesions. Methods. A total of 19 stroke survivors with touch impairment were investigated using fMRI and a touch discrimination paradigm 1-month poststroke; 11 had subcortical and 8 cortical sensory lesions; 12 age-matched healthy controls were also studied. Mean task-related contrast images were regressed with sensory impairment using random effects analysis for each subgroup and the total group. Results. There was no significant difference in touch impairment between stroke subgroups. Touch discrimination of the affected hand correlated negatively with task-related activation in the ipsilesional primary somatosensory cortex (SI; adjacent to the SI hand area activated in healthy controls); ipsilesional secondary somatosensory cortex (SII); contralesional thalamus; and attention-related frontal and occipital regions in the subcortical group. In contrast, the cortical group did not show significant correlated activity. Yet there was no significant between-group difference in a priori somatosensory regions: only in the superior medial frontal gyrus. A negative correlation was observed in the contralesional thalamus for the total group, irrespective of lesion type. Conclusion. The findings provide novel evidence of neural correlates of poststroke touch impairment involving a distributed network of ipsilesional SI and SII, the contralesional thalamus, and frontal attention regions, particularly following subcortical lesions. Further systematic investigation of a modulatory role for ipsilesional SI, the thalamus, and frontal attention regions in sensory processing and recovery is warranted, particularly given implications for rehabilitation.

Topic: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Acid‐soluble proteins of normal, regenerated, and periodontally diseased gingivae

The purpose of the study was to characterize the noncollagenous acid‐soluble proteins of gingiva and to determine their function. Gingival tissues of healthy adult dogs and those with spontaneously occurring advanced periodontitis were studied. The dental laminac from newborn puppies and skin of newborn and adult animals were also analyzed. Tissues were extracted with buffered salt at neutral pH followed by 0.5 M acetic acid. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that salt extracts of all of the tissues contained collagens and several more rapidly migrating components; the latter cross‐reacted with an antiserum to whole dog serum and were, therefore, derived from serum and tissue fluids. The acid extracts of normal gingiva contained a family of collagenase‐resistant, pepsin‐sensitive components ranging in size from about 32 kD to 75 kD. These components did not cross‐react with the antiserum and appeared to be components of the connective tissues. They were partially purified by DEAE‐cellulose chromarography and shown to be similar to the acidic structural glycoproteins of other connective tissues. These acid‐soluble proteins were present in moderate to large amounts in extracts of healthy gingival tissues and in trace amounts in dental lamina. The amount in extracts of regenerated gingiva was much greater than in extracts of normal gingiva. Only traces were found in the extracts of gingivae from animals with spontaneous periodontitis. The data indicate that these proteins may be important structural components of the normal connective tissue matrix, and their loss during the early stages of periodontitis may be an important event in progressive tissue destruction.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences