jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PSVII-9 Microbial characterization of liver abscesses in beef carcasses from the Texas Panhandle using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Abstract Microbiomes refer to the full spectrum of microorganisms within a specific environment and shifts in microbial abundance can influence disease development. Since many bacteria are unculturable in laboratory settings, techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing are essential for profiling microbial communities in complex biological samples. Liver abscesses in cattle, defined by localized bacterial infections in the liver parenchyma, are typically caused by the translocation of gastrointestinal bacteria and can result in reduced animal performance and carcass yield. This study aimed to characterize the microbial communities present in liver abscesses from beef carcasses processed in the Texas Panhandle region using 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of 697 beef carcasses were screened for liver abscesses through random sampling. From these, 15 liver samples (9 abscessed, 6 non-abscessed) were collected and immediately frozen on dry ice. DNA was extracted using the GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit, with quality assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and quantified using a NanoDrop 2000 Spectrophotometer. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using primers 515F (5’ GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA 3’) and 806R (5’ GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT 3’). Library preparation and sequencing were performed using the MR DNA analysis pipeline. Sequences were filtered for quality, dereplicated, denoised, and screened for chimeras. High-confidence sequences were taxonomically classified using BLASTn against a curated NCBI-derived reference database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Of the 697 carcasses screened across Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma, 44 tested positive for liver abscesses (6.3%). Positive cases were observed in 32 out of 431 cattle from Texas, 6 of 128 from New Mexico, 2 of 31 from Kansas, and 4 of 94 from Oklahoma. No positive cases were identified from Colorado. Prevalence by sex showed 6 positives among 97 males and 38 among 600 females. Among cattle younger than 30 months, 25 tested positive, while 19 over 30 months were affected. On average, positive liver samples exhibited at least three abscesses. 16S rRNA analysis revealed Fusobacteria and Porphyromonas as the dominant taxa in abscessed liver tissues. Although both healthy and abscessed livers contained microbial populations, these two genera were consistently abundant in abscessed samples. The 6.3% prevalence rate falls within expected global ranges but is lower than initially anticipated. Results suggest that the occurrence of liver abscesses is not significantly influenced by cattle origin, age, or sex. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of microbial dynamics in bovine liver abscesses and support the utility of 16S rRNA sequencing in animal health research.

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Internet public library handbook

Founded in 1995, the Internet Public Library (IPL) was the first virtual public library created exclusively to serve the online community. In this guide, the founding members deliver practical advice on issues related to providing library and information services on the Internet, including: technical support; maintenance; understanding users; site design and organization; funding; and access issues. Also featured are step-by-step instructions for assembling and maintaining collections of networked resources, adding new resources and original content, adapting sources to a web environment, and developing remote services. Profiles of successful services such as IPL's e-mail based Ask a Question, ready reference and online text collections complete the guide.

Topic: Library Science and Administration
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The future just happened

This chapter links changes in music education in New Zealand with international ideas concerning ‘twenty-first-century learning’. The New Zealand vision for twenty-first-century education with its emphasis on knowledge use and new forms of pedagogy is outlined, as well as how this ‘future-focused’ learning approach is already present in much music teaching in the secondary school and that it has been for some time. This has involved a shift from ‘knowledge as an object’ to knowledge as a process, greater relevance, and student choice in curriculum, group work and informal group learning, and digital literacy. Music’s case is instructive in considering the general move towards twenty-first-century learning. The positive possibilities and the unintended consequences that can result from such paradigmatic shifts are then considered. For example, widening access generally through a more ‘relevant’ curriculum may not necessarily lead to increased epistemic access. The confusion between curriculum and pedagogy can also lead to continued unequal access for all to music’s generative concepts.

Topic: Diverse Music Education Insights
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
New Perspective on the Determination of the Number of Japanese Patients in Multiregional Clinical Trials

Through Method 1, the Japanese government wants to acquire a sufficient number of Japanese subjects to determine whether the effect of the test treatment is consistent between Japanese and non-Japanese.However, the Japanese government did not provide clear parameter-based criteria regarding the consistency of the effect of the test treatment between Japanese and non-Japanese.Thus, the goal of the evaluation by Method 1 remains unclear.Currently, it is impossible to interpret Method 1 within a traditional statistical framework.Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new perspective on Method 1 within a traditional statistical framework.To do this, the paper proceeds as follows.First, we propose clear parameter-based criteria for the claim that the effects of the test treatment are consistent between Japanese and non-Japanese.Second, we treat Method 1 as an exploratory hypothesis testing for the claim that the effects of the test treatment are consistent between Japanese and non-Japanese.Third, we discuss the benefits of accepting Method 1 as a means of exploratory hypothesis testing.If the proposal in this paper is accepted, it will become possible to study the pros and cons of Method 1, to suggest a better method, and to compare the statistical properties of Method 1 with those of other methods.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
LSB Elimination based Feature Extraction for Outsourced Image Retrieval in Encrypted Images

This paper proposes an image retrieval approach in encrypted images that are outsourced to the cloud network using LSB (Least significant bit) elimination based feature extraction. To preserve the privacy of the image that is outsourced to the cloud, the images are encrypted. Retrieving the encrypted images that are outsourced to cloud is considered as a challenging task. The proposed method eliminates the LS B' s, and the histogram is estimated to obtain the necessary features. Initially, the image owner encrypts the original image by using a key and uploads the encrypted image to the cloud. The cloud server extracts the features from the encrypted original image and stores the features in the cloud. To perform image retrieval, the user has to encrypt the Query image using a key, and it must be uploaded to the cloud. The cloud server extracts the features from the Query image and matches with the features that are already stored in the cloud server. The encrypted images correspond to the top-k matched features are returned to the user, from which the user has to decrypt it using the key. The performance of the proposed method was measured in terms of Precision, time of feature extraction, time of index construction and time of image retrieval. Experimental results reveal that the proposed feature extraction outperforms than the traditional methods.

Topic: Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selective loss of the uncoupling protein from light versus heavy mitochondria of brown adipocytes after a decrease in noradrenergic stimulation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>

The relative stability against a decrease in adrenergic stimulation of the uncoupling protein (UCP) incorporated into different mitochondrial fractions was investigated in brown-fat-cell cultures. Cultures were initiated with undifferentiated cells from young mice and were acutely stimulated with noradrenaline at confluence (day 7). Cells were harvested just after the finish of the 24 h stimulation treatment or 24 h later, and three mitochondrial fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation: the M1 fraction (1000 g), the M3 fraction (3000 g) and the M15 fraction (15,000 g). The results obtained in vitro indicate that removal of adrenergic stimulation determines a selective loss of UCP from the lightest mitochondrial fractions (M3 and M15). Similar results were obtained in a situation in vivo (24 h starvation in mice) which is known to lead to a decreased noradrenaline input to brown adipose tissue, with decreased UCP levels. Thus brown adipocytes possess different mitochondrial subpopulations, which exhibit characteristic changes in their UCP turnover in response to thermogenic signals.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effective Application of the Rule on Fundamental Change of Circumstances to Treaties Contravening the 1997 Polish Constitution

A fundamental change of circumstances is one of the more controversial reasons for the termination of a treaty. The fact that it was included in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties gave rise to many disputes among legal scholars, including whether the solutions adopted then embodied customary law. In this context, an interesting case is offered by Poland which in 1999 invoked specific provisions of the Convention, both substantive and procedural, including a fundamental change of circumstances, and considered several treaties from the period of Soviet domination terminated with retroactive effect from 1997. The article discusses actions by the states involved and their legal effects. Interestingly, this is one of very few examples where a fundamental change of circumstances was an effective reason for bringing about the termination of treaties in a manner that has not drawn any objections nor has brought about any international accountability.

Topic: International Law and Aviation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic and Functional Analysis of the Styrene Catabolic Cluster of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Strain Y2

ABSTRACT The chromosomal region of Pseudomonas sp. strain Y2 involved in the conversion of styrene to phenylacetate (upper catabolic pathway) has been cloned and sequenced. Four catabolic genes, styABCD , and two regulatory genes, stySR , were identified. This gene cluster when transferred to Escherichia coli W confers to this phenylacetate-degrading host the ability to grow on styrene as the sole carbon and energy source. Genes styABCD are homologous to those encoding the styrene upper catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST. Northern blot analyses have confirmed that genes styABCD constitute a transcription unit. The transcription start site of the sty operon was mapped 33 nucleotides upstream of the styA translational start codon. The styS and styR genes, which form an independent transcriptional unit, are located upstream of the styABCD operon, and their gene products show high similarity to members of the superfamily of two-component signal transduction systems. The styS gene product is homologous to histidine kinase proteins, whereas the styR gene product exhibits similarity at its N-terminal domain with cluster 1 of receiver modules and at its C terminus with the LuxR/FixJ family 3 of DNA-binding domains. Expression of the catabolic operon decreased significantly in the absence of the stySR genes and was restored when the stySR genes were provided in trans in the presence of styrene, suggesting that the stySR system behaves as a styrene-inducible positive regulator of the styABCD operon. Finally, a gene encoding a phenylacetyl-coenzyme A ligase that catalyzes the first step in the phenylacetate catabolism (styrene lower catabolic pathway) has been identified upstream of the styS gene. This activity was found to be induced in Pseudomonas sp. strain Y2 cells grown on styrene but not present in cells grown on glycerol. These results strongly suggest that the genes responsible for the complete mineralization of styrene are clustered in the chromosome of Pseudomonas sp. strain Y2.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A systematic evaluation of local composition-based excess free-energy theories using a model binary mixture

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA systematic evaluation of local composition-based excess free-energy theories using a model binary mixtureStephen C. Netemeyer and Eduardo D. GlandtCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 8, 1516–1524Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00080a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00080a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
IN SITU CADAVER KIDNEY PERFUSION

Lactated Ringers and Collins C2 solutions were compared in different volumes for rapid intra-aortic in situ cooling of pig cadaver kidneys. Both solutions in large volumes caused renal damage when compared with ex vivo flushed controls, although C2 was less injurious. When used for in situ cooling of human cadaver kidneys in volumes less than 1,500 ml/kidney, the two solutions were comparable and did not cause injury when compared with controls. In situ cooling permitted longer excision time (cold ischemia) and is recommended for lessening warm ischemia time in selected cases.

Topic: Renal and Vascular Pathologies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influencer Marketing for Start-ups: The Rise of Micro-influencers

Social media influencers have been utilized by many companies as a marketing method for the past decade.The benefits of micro-influencers, the group of influencers that have a relatively smaller following size, are often underestimated.In this paper, we will explore the effect of micro-influencers for start-up companies and if they complement each other.By analyzing previous cases and the perceptions of viewers, we came to the conclusion that micro-influencers are able to satisfy the general marketing demands of start-up businesses.Additional research can be done on specific formats of collaboration and the effectiveness in different fields.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of Municipal Finances in Modern Economy

Currently, Russia is undergoing transformational processes that require a revision of the understanding of the nature and role of municipal Finance in the modern economy. The article presents the definitional certainty of the category "municipal Finance", scientific approaches to the structure and composition of municipal Finance, sources of financial resources of the municipality, as well as elements of municipal Finance. It is concluded that the role of municipal Finance in the modern economy is predetermined by the challenges associated with economic instability, budget deficit, on the other hand, the prerequisites for revising the current approach associated with expanding the understanding of the role of the population, local self-government bodies in the process of economic development of territories

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Studying Quality Characteristics of Flax Fiber Depending on Deseeding Device Design

Introduction. The processe of harvesting fiber flax is characterized by tough interactions of the work tools of the flax puller and parts of plants. Different principles and design of work tools for taking out seed bolls from the stem, used in flax harvesting machines, have both advantages and disadvantages. Single-drum comb deseeders are the most effective, but the level of damage to the stems caused during the working of these mechanisms is high. The purpose of this work is the experimental substantiation of constructive changes in the comb deseeder, which allows reducing damage to the stems of the flax fiber in the process of combing and improving the quality of the flax material. Materials and Methods. Fields and laboratories studies of flax harvesting and technological tests of flax straw and fiber were carried out according to the existing methods and standard protocols (GOST). The influence of the harvesting combine speed and deseeder type (the drum for the taking flax balls off by the stems’ combing and for the transporting removed balls to hopper) on the yield and quality of the fiber were determined. The fiber flax variety Alexim (cultivated by All Russian Research Institute for Flax Production, Torzhok) was used as a plant object and the harvesting was carried out in the vegetation stage “yellow stem” – “full ripeness”. Results. The classical design of the combing drum with four ridges for deseeding was changed to three ones that means only one of ridges should be in the layer of flax stems during the combing process. That design could decrease damage to the stems when deseeding stems. Instrumental assessment of fiber shows that after the deseeding by the threeridges drum the quality of flax straw was 0.97–1.09 numbers that was by 0.19–0.28 numbers higher than after using four-ridges drums. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the reducing of the load on the flax stems has a positive effect on the quality of the fibrous products. The yield of long fiber increases by 1.27–1.54% (abs.), and the fiber quality – by 0.3 numbers.

Topic: Varied Academic Research Topics
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fertile <i>Goeppertella</i> from the Jurassic of Patagonia: mosaic evolution in the Dipteridaceae-Matoniaceae lineage

Abstract Goeppertella has been postulated as a monophyletic group, whose precise position within the Gleichenoid families Dipteriaceae and Matoniaceae, remains poorly understood. Previously described Goeppertella specimens are based on frond fragments and its fertile morphology is represented by a few, poorly preserved specimens. We describe a new species based on the largest collection of fertile specimens known to date and discuss the evolutionary history of the genus based on the additional reproductive characters provided by the fossils described. Plant impressions were collected in Early Jurassic sediments of Patagonia, Argentina. The specimens were described, and silicone rubber casts were developed to examine in detail vegetative and reproductive features. The new species was compared with other Goeppertella species. Finally, a backbone analysis was performed in the context of a previously published combined matrix of Dipteridaceae, using the maximum parsimony criterion. The new species is described based on a combination of features that have not been previously reported. The vegetative morphology shows affinities with most fossil and extant Dipteriaceae, contrasting with the reproductive morphology which is more comparable with the scarce number of fossil dipteridaceous forms and it is more spread in the sister family, Matoniaceae. The backbone analysis indicates that the position of the new species vary among different positions among Dipteridaceae and Matoniaceae. Additional analyses, discriminating the signal of reproductive and vegetative character, are provided to discuss the base of this uncertainty. We consider Goeppertella as a member of the family Dipteridaceae since we interpret most shared features with Matoniaceae as plesiomorphic conditions for the family. In contrast, most shared features with Dipteridaceae represent apomorphies for the group. Thus, Goeppertella would represent an early diverging genus in Dipteridaceae, considering the venation characters as the most important in order to define the family.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Variation in Fruit Juice Consumption Among Infants and Toddlers

Juice is a common component of a child's diet. Excessive juice consumption may lead to adverse nutritional and dental outcomes. The objective of the study was to evaluate consumption patterns and parental perception regarding juice in a sample of children from families participating or not participating in Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) services.Parents of children aged 12 months to 5 years completed a survey consisting of questions about beverage intake and related opinions. Practices were selected to provide a mix of families who do and do not use WIC services. Comparisons were made by WIC use and by quantity of juice consumption.Of 173 surveys, 51% of participants had received benefits from the WIC program. Overall, children who drank larger quantities of fruit juice drank less milk. One-third of all of the parents who responded to the survey reported that they believed that juice was at least as healthy as fresh fruit, with WIC parents reporting this belief more often (56% vs 9%; P < 0.01) than non-WIC parents. Two-thirds of all of the parents surveyed (66%) introduced juice before their child reached age 12 months, and this was more likely in WIC families (78% vs 54%; P < 0.05). Overall, 81% would prefer to receive fresh fruit as part of the WIC package.Higher juice consumption is associated with decreased milk consumption. Many parents expressed a belief that juice was at least as healthful as fresh fruit. Being a WIC recipient was associated with an earlier introduction of juice into a child's diet and a greater perception that juice was healthful.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences