jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NUTRITION OF STUDENTS’ YOUTH NOWADAYS AND ITS CORRECTION WAYS

The aim: Assessment of students’ youth’ nutrition by components introduction of nutrition correction methods. Materials and methods: The following methods have been used in the study: analytical, questionnaire method (the authors composed a questionnaire chart for complex assessment of life style components), statistical (the data received statistical analysis by the licensed in Ukraine software IBM SPSS Statistics Base v.22, with academic lifetime license). Results: The authors have found that medical students’ nutrition style can be characterized as unbalanced and polydeficient. The detected non-observance of the nutritional regimen and real students’ youth nutrition justify implementation of preventive measures, aimed at decreasing risks of the alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. Conclusions: The paper contains recommendations on the main ways of the students’ youth nutrition regimens correction.

Topic: Human Health and Disease
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 1 of Variation by default: cesarean section discharge opioid prescription patterns and outcomes in Military Health System hospitals: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study

Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Variation in the proportion of patients who did not receive an opioid prescription at discharge. Each bar represents a different Military Health System facility. The figure depicts 53 of the 57 facilities with at least 10 discharge opioid prescriptions.

Topic: Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The research of solar insolation influence on the permafrost base of railway

The solar radiation influence on permafrost soil in the construction site is researched. This article is part of the author’s dissertation research. The work is carried out taking into account uneven insolation. The research conducts research in the field of temperature at the construction site, where there are iron and reinforced concrete culverts. The research of the temperature regime of permafrost soil performed in the FEM Models software packages by the Termoground module. In accordance with technical recommendations, the starting month for calculating permafrost is October. The period of drainage of thawed snow and rainwater is April – September. Thermophysical calculations of the base of the railway embankment, oriented on different sides of the world, have been performed. Changes in the temperature regime of the permafrost soil base in the construction site were researched. The calculation results showed uneven heating of the soil from the sunnier side in the embankment without the installation of a culvert with heads. There is an increase in the temperature of frozen soil from the warmer side, thawing bowls are formed. A numerical experiment shows the effectiveness of accounting for uneven insolation in the calculations at the design stage of construction projects.

Topic: Climate change and permafrost
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Importance of Location and Timing of Electrical Stimuli in Terminating Sustained Functional Reentry in Isolated Swine Ventricular Tissues

Background In excitable chemical media, a spiral wave is formed by reentrant excitation around a core and normal propagation away from the core. Whether or not this applies to cardiac muscle is unknown. Methods and Results In six isolated swine ventricular slices, we induced sustained episodes of functional reentry with a stationary core. A train of stimuli applied away from the core (7- to 8-mm distance) and near the core (within 1.6 mm) terminated 5 of 24 and 14 of 17 episodes of reentry, respectively ( P &lt;.001). When the stimulus was applied away from the core, successful terminations occurred when the line connecting the stimulus and the core was along the myocardial fiber orientation and when the coupling interval was 54±11% of the reentrant cycle length. Stimulation near the core terminated reentry primarily by propagation of the stimulus-induced wave fronts that closed up the excitable gap. However, in two episodes, the application of a stimulus near the core changed the electrogram morphology in only four bipolar pairs. This was sufficient to cause abrupt termination of reentry. Conclusions (1) A thin layer of activation near the core is responsible for the maintenance of functional reentry. (2) Access to the tissue near the core is essential for the termination of functional reentry by a point stimulus. (3) To terminate reentry with a stimulus away from the core, the stimulus must occur at certain critical coupling intervals, and the line connecting the stimulus and the core must be roughly parallel to the fiber orientation.

Topic: Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 3 from Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer

Supplementary Figure 3 from Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Screening Test for the Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Normal phagocytes suspended in plasma when mixed with latex particles for ingestion and nitroblue tetrazolium dye will reduce the dye to a blue color which may be easily seen in a test tube. This reaction depends on the release of enzymes from phagocytic lysosomal granules after phagocytosis. Since such release is deficient in patients with CGD, no blue color develops in the tube. This has proved to be a simple, reliable, screening test which should allow the more rapid and widespread diagnosis of CGD.

Topic: Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spin-orbit coupling in fluorinated graphene

We report on theoretical investigations of the spin-orbit coupling effects in fluorinated graphene. First-principles density functional calculations are performed for the dense and dilute adatom coverage limits. The dense limit is represented by the single-side semifluorinated graphene, which is a metal with spin-orbit splittings of about 10 meV. To simulate the effects of a single adatom, we also calculate the electronic structure of a 10×10 supercell, with one fluorine atom in the top position. Since this dilute limit is useful to study spin transport and spin relaxation, we also introduce a realistic effective hopping Hamiltonian, based on symmetry considerations, which describes the supercell bands around the Fermi level. We provide the Hamiltonian parameters which are best fits to the first-principles data. We demonstrate that, unlike for the case of hydrogen adatoms, fluorine's own spin-orbit coupling is the principal cause of the giant induced local spin-orbit coupling in graphene. The sp3 hybridization induced transfer of spin-orbit coupling from graphene's σ bonds, important for hydrogenated graphene, contributes much less. Furthermore, the magnitude of the induced spin-orbit coupling due to fluorine adatoms is about 1000 times more than that of pristine graphene, and 10 times more than that of hydrogenated graphene. Also unlike hydrogen, the fluorine adatom is not a narrow resonant scatterer at the Dirac point. The resonant peak in the density of states of fluorinated graphene in the dilute limit lies 260 meV below the Dirac point. The peak is rather broad, about 300 meV, making the fluorine adatom only a weakly resonant scatterer.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Oxygen transport parameter in membranes as deduced by saturation recovery measurements of spin-lattice relaxation times of spin labels.

Spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements of nitroxide radical spin labels in membranes have been made by using the saturation-recovery technique. Stearic acid and sterol-type labels were used as probes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes from 0 degrees C to 36 degrees C. In the absence of oxygen, the range of variation of T1 over all samples and conditions is about a factor of 3. Heisenberg exchange between oxygen and spin labels is an effective T1 mechanism for the spin labels. The full range of variation of T1 in the presence of air is about a factor of 100. It is suggested that the oxygen transport parameter W = T1(-1) (air) - T1(-1) (N2) is a useful new monitor of membrane fluidity that reports on translational diffusion of small molecules. The values of W change at the prephase and main phase transitions and vary in complex ways. Arguments are advanced that the data are indicative of anisotropic translational diffusion of oxygen.

Topic: Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Antinociceptive effects of topical mepivacaine in a rat model of HIV-associated peripheral neuropathic pain

Jacqueline Sagen, Daniel A Castellanos,&dagger; Aldric T Hama The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA &dagger;Daniel A Castellanos passed away on April 14, 2010 Background: A consequence of HIV infection is sensory neuropathy, a debilitating condition that degrades the quality of life of HIV patients. Furthermore, life-extending antiretroviral treatment may exacerbate HIV sensory neuropathy. Analgesics that relieve other neuropathic pains show little or no efficacy in ameliorating HIV sensory neuropathy. Thus, there is a need for analgesics for people with this particular pain. While lidocaine is used in the management of painful peripheral neuropathies, another local anesthetic mepivacaine, with a potentially improved bioavailability, could be utilized for the management of HIV neuropathic pain.Methods: The efficacy of topical anesthetics was evaluated in a preclinical rodent model of painful peripheral neuropathy induced by epineural administration of the HIV envelope protein gp120 delivered using saturated oxidized cellulose implanted around the sciatic nerve. Beginning at 2&nbsp;weeks following gp120 administration, the effects of local anesthetics topically applied via gauze pads were tested on heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hind paw. Rats were tested using several concentrations of mepivacaine or lidocaine during the following 2&nbsp;weeks.Results: By 2&nbsp;weeks following epineural gp120 implantation, the ipsilateral hind paw developed significant hypersensitivity to noxious pressure and heat hyperalgesia. A short-lasting, concentration-dependent amelioration of pressure and heat hyperalgesia was observed following topical application of mepivacaine to the ipsilateral plantar hind paw. By contrast, topical lidocaine ameliorated heat hyperalgesia in a concentration-dependent manner but not pressure hyperalgesia. Equipotent concentrations of mepivacaine and lidocaine applied topically to the tail of mice significantly increased tail withdrawal latencies in the tail flick test, demonstrating that both local anesthetics attenuate responding to a brief noxious stimulus.Conclusion: These findings showed that mepivacaine, rather than lidocaine, consistently attenuated two distinct symptoms of neuropathic pain and suggest that topical formulations of this local anesthetic could have utility in the alleviation of clinical HIV neuropathic pain. Keywords: chronic pain, acute pain, analgesia, AIDs-related pain, distal sensory neuropathy, local anesthetics

Topic: Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of soil contamination on real estate value: a hedonic pricing approach based on different risk measures

The aim of this doctoral thesis is an attempt to work multidisciplinary. This means that several fields of research will be interconnected, i.e. we will try to look for a link between the results of site research, epidemiological research and economic research. It is our intention with this research to reveal the effect of changes in the environment on social welfare, more specifically translated in following general research question: How do different risk measures of soil pollution affect the social benefit estimates of a potential soil remediation program? We will first develop a theoretical framework in which soil pollution will be treated in this dissertation. Therefore, we define three important subquestions. Subquestion 1. What are different measures of risk coming from soil pollution? Subquestion 2. What is an appropriate economic benefit framework to analyze soil pollution? Subquestion 3. How are the different measures of risk integrated in a benefit estimation model? The three subquestions will be treated subsequently in chapters two, three and four. Using the insights of the theoretical analysis, we will also develop an appropriate empirical research strategy in chapter four. The empirical research will test the influence of several risk measures on benefit estimates of potential soil remediation programs. We will conduct the empirical research in chapters five to seven. Chapter eight will finally conclude the analysis of this doctoral dissertation.

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantitative Proteomics of the Tonoplast Reveals a Role for Glycolytic Enzymes in Salt Tolerance

Abstract To examine the role of the tonoplast in plant salt tolerance and identify proteins involved in the regulation of transporters for vacuolar Na+ sequestration, we exploited a targeted quantitative proteomics approach. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of free flow zonal electrophoresis separated tonoplast fractions from control, and salt-treated Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants revealed the membrane association of glycolytic enzymes aldolase and enolase, along with subunits of the vacuolar H+-ATPase V-ATPase. Protein blot analysis confirmed coordinated salt regulation of these proteins, and chaotrope treatment indicated a strong tonoplast association. Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that the glycolytic enzymes interacted with the V-ATPase subunit B VHA-B, and aldolase was shown to stimulate V-ATPase activity in vitro by increasing the affinity for ATP. To investigate a physiological role for this association, the Arabidopsis thaliana cytoplasmic enolase mutant, los2, was characterized. These plants were salt sensitive, and there was a specific reduction in enolase abundance in the tonoplast from salt-treated plants. Moreover, tonoplast isolated from mutant plants showed an impaired ability for aldolase stimulation of V-ATPase hydrolytic activity. The association of glycolytic proteins with the tonoplast may not only channel ATP to the V-ATPase, but also directly upregulate H+-pump activity.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 4738: Dysregulated miR-371b-5p/CSDE1/RAC1 axis is involved in pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer; however, pathogenesis of TNBC has not yet been fully understood. Here, we identified dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) by analyzing miRNA microarray of TNBC patients. MiR-371b-5p expression was reduced, and ectopic expression of miR-371b-5p significantly inhibited TNBC progression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that expression of cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), a direct target gene of miR-371b-5p, was upregulated in TNBC cells, and inhibition of CSDE1 alleviated TNBC cell growth by decreasing RAC1 known as pro-metastatic gene. Mechanistically, CSDE1, phosphorylated C-terminal domain (p-CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and CDK7 form a complex, and downregulation of CSDE1 results in weak interaction between RNAPII p-CTD and CDK7, which leads to a decrease in RNAPII p-CTD expression to reduce RAC1 transcript levels in CSDE1-deficient TNBC cells. Our data revealed the oncogenic function of miR-371b/CSDE1 involved in Rac1 transcription regulation, thus providing a basis for the pathological mechanism of TNBC along with potential biomarkers for TNBC. Citation Format: Yesol Kim, Je Yeong Ko, Soo-Been Lee, Jaehee Jun, Yejin Ahn, Jinui Min, Chaewon Oh, Jong Hoon Park. Dysregulated miR-371b-5p/CSDE1/RAC1 axis is involved in pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4738.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ETIOLOGY AND PROPER MANAGEMENT OF BRONCHITIS IN ADULT

<em>Bronchitis is the widespread inflectional disease. This article focuses on the newest evidence-based management approaches of it. Furthermore, etiology, symptoms and pathophysiology are emphasized. </em><em>We conducted a systemic review study that performed through Comprehensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. </em><em>Cough is one of the most prevalent signs and symptom bringing patients to the primary care physician's workplace, and acute bronchitis is normally the medical diagnosis in these patients. Acute bronchitis must be distinguished from other usual medical diagnoses, such as pneumonia and asthma, because these conditions may require particular therapies not showed for bronchitis. Symptoms of bronchitis normally last regarding three weeks. The existence or absence of colored (e.g., environment-friendly) sputum does not reliably set apart in between bacterial and viral reduced breathing tract infections. Viruses are responsible for greater than 90 percent of acute bronchitis infections.</em>

Topic: Respiratory viral infections research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Accessibility Practices &amp; The Inclusive Museum: Legal Compliance, Professional Standards, and the Social Responsibility of Museums

The desire of museums to improve accessibility for diverse visitors is often driven by the need to satisfy legal obligations. However, many museums share a fundamental goal to engage the most diverse audience as possible. This thesis illustrates the distinction between perceiving accessibility within cultural institutions as a legal or social issue and how that perception influences museum practice, within the United States. Bridging museum studies, disability theory, and advocacy practice this thesis works to answer the question: How does viewing accessibility as a social responsibility, rather than legal necessity influence an institution’s ability to be inclusive to diverse communities? This work investigates various interpretations of “accessibility” within the field, as well the implementation of access efforts by museums in the United States over the past thirty years. Additionally, this thesis discusses contemporary case studies of effective accessibility practice with the aim to support proactive access efforts in the future.

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mali’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation

Mali experienced modest annual economic growth of 4.4 percent between 2009 and 2019 (INSTAT 2020; World Bank 2023a). With annual population growth of 3.0 percent during that period, the living standards of Malian people improved only modestly. In 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant slowdown in economic growth, while an increase in armed insurgencies by domestic terrorist groups also had an adverse effect on the economy. Mali’s GDP growth is projected to reach 4.0 percent in 2023 and 2024 (World Bank 2023b), suggesting the economy is inching back toward its prepandemic growth trajectory. Agriculture remains an important sector, accounting for 40 percent of GDP and more than 60 percent of employment in Mali. In this brief, we unpack the historical and projected economic growth trajectory further to better understand the role of agriculture as well as the broader agrifood system (AFS) in the performance and transformation of the economy of Mali.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of Cinnamaldehyde Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Strawberry Preservation

Strawberries are a popular food. However, the growth and reproduction of microorganisms on the surface of strawberries change their quality and may cause food poisoning. We compared the effects of solid lipid nanoparticles containing cinnamaldehyde (SLN-CA) and unencapsulated cinnamaldehyde on the freshness of strawberries stored for seven days. The impacts of SLN-CA at different concentrations on strawberry firmness, weight loss, rate of fruit rot, and sensory quality were investigated at 25 °C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities and malonaldehyde (MDA) and vitamin C contents of strawberry cell homogenates were measured during storage. The experimental results showed that SLN-CA treatment can effectively reduce the probability of decay in strawberries without causing excessive weight loss. SLN-CA can reduce softening, maintain a high level of SOD activity in cells, reduce the accumulation of MDA and consumption of organic acids, and improve the sensory characteristics of strawberries and thereby their shelf life. Therefore, SLN-CA is a promising preservation method to increase the shelf life and safety of strawberries.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Distribution of Larger Species of Birds Breeding on the Coasts of Foxe Basin and Northern Hudson Bay, Canada

Aerial surveys of large birds on the coasts of Foxe Basin and northern Hudson Bay were carried out in late June and early July in 1979, 1983 and 1984. Greatest numbers of birds were seen along low-lying coasts backed by wet lowland tundra, particularly where these merged into extensive inter-tidal flats. These areas have emerged from the sea only during the past 2000 years. Even in areas of wet lowland tundra, all species except jaegers appeared to be patchy in their distribution, the patches being unrelated to obvious features of the habitat. We suggest that breeding habitat for many species is not completely occupied, at least in normal breeding seasons. We propose that statutory protection be extended to all or parts of Prince Charles and Air Force islands, which support high numbers of several species and are currently unprotected.Key words: arctic birds, coastal breeding, aerial surveys, Foxe Basin, Hudson Bay

Topic: Avian ecology and behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences