jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian approach to modeling topic-metadata relationships

The objective of advanced topic modeling is not only to explore latent topical structures, but also to estimate relationships between the discovered topics and theoretically relevant metadata. Methods used to estimate such relationships must take into account that the topical structure is not directly observed, but instead being estimated itself in an unsupervised fashion, usually by common topic models. A frequently used procedure to achieve this is the method of composition, a Monte Carlo sampling technique performing multiple repeated linear regressions of sampled topic proportions on metadata covariates. In this paper, we propose two modifications of this approach: First, we substantially refine the existing implementation of the method of composition from the R package stm by replacing linear regression with the more appropriate Beta regression. Second, we provide a fundamental enhancement of the entire estimation framework by substituting the current blending of frequentist and Bayesian methods with a fully Bayesian approach. This allows for a more appropriate quantification of uncertainty. We illustrate our improved methodology by investigating relationships between Twitter posts by German parliamentarians and different metadata covariates related to their electoral districts, using the Structural Topic Model to estimate topic proportions.

Topic: Computational and Text Analysis Methods
Subfield: General Social Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Corruption in Nigeria: An Impediment to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals

This study explores the channels through which corruption acts as an impediment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Nigeria. The Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) estimation technique is used to test this relationship. The variables used include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, initial GDP (1970), Secondary School Enrollment rate, life expectancy, government expenditure, investment and corruption perception index and inflation and oil exports. The scope covers the period 1970 to 2010.   It was discovered that corruption impacted negatively on the achievement of the MDGs in Nigeria. The impulse response results indicate that corruption accounts for negative shocks in the variables, while the Forecast Variance Decomposition show that corruption accounts for a substantial portion of the variance decomposition of the variables under study. Hence, there is need to tackle corruption seriously if the country must achieve its  aim in 2015. Keywords : Corruption, MDGs, Investment, Life Expectancy, Corruption Perception Index

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
On Interval Valued -Supra- Openness

In [9]a new definition of a fuzzy set was given by K.Kandil et al by introducing the concept of an interval valued fuzzy set .In this paper a new definition of supra -fuzzy topological ( resp.suprafuzzy proximity ,supra -fuzzy uniform ) space is given by introducing the concept of an interval valued supra-fuzzy topological (resp.fuzzyproximity ,fuzzy uniformity ) space .The connection between interval valued supra-fuzzy topological ,interval valued supra-fuzzy proximity and interval valued supra-fuzzy uniformity space are investigated .Throughout this paper ,the class of all interval valued fuzzy sets on a non-empty set X will be denoted by Π X and the class of all fuzzy sets on non-empty set X will be denoted by I X

Topic: Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Advance of the Bioreactor Equipment Manufactures in China

Cell culture bioreactor equipment industrialization has substantial significance as for the importance of bioreactor to the biotechnology industrialization. After analyzing the traits, the status in China and the trends in future of bioreactor equipments industry, it concluded that great efforts should be made on the development of technology for the manufacture of commercial capable bioreactor equipments with proprietary. Some novel technologies such as the bioreactor for metabolic flux analysis, flask shaker with pH control and substance feeding, large-scale bioreactor for animal cell cultivation, the design of pilot-scale bioreactor system, the design and manufacture technology for large-scale bioreactor were discussed. Finally the prospects of system biology and bioreactor development were presented.

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
THE USE OF HISTORICAL ZOONYMICS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE OLD RUSSIAN LITANY

The article explains the feasibility of using zoonymic facts of monastic documents of the 16th early 18th centuries for the reconstruction of Old Russian anthroponymics. The analysis of old Russian hipponymics shows that its vocabulary is almost completely consistent with Old Russian names, nicknames and modern surnames. Zoonymic data reveals personal names that have not yet been noted in historical anthroponymic dictionaries, establishes the initial forms of names and their modification, as well as in some cases clarifies the semantics of Old Russian anthroponyms.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Inclusive Management of Paralympic Sport

We ground our understanding of the disability in the social model (e.g. Barnes, Mercer and Shakespeare, 2010), supporting that the responsibility for the disability lies with the society rather than in the individual (as conceptualized in the medical model). Sport, as a component of the overall society, is not exempt from the growing debate around the idea of social inclusion. Engaged in a comprehensive approach, this on-going doctoral research focuses on the management-related issues of inclusion in sport for athletes with a disability (e.g. Fay, 1999; Legg, Fay, Hums and Wolff, 2009). The aim of this study is to analyze the change-related patterns linked to the inclusion process of Paralympic sports in their relevant International ”Olympic” Sport Federations, which is a key strategic issue for the International Paralympic Committee. Based on the disability studies and the policy network theory (Koppenjan &amp; Klijn, 2004), we explore two contrasted case studies (e.g. Gerring, 2007) in order to catch the significant historic milestones which have led (or not) to further inclusion in sport of athletes with a disability. Para-cycling (controlled by the Union Cycliste Internationale) and para-athletics (under the umbrella of the International Paralympic Committee) constitute the empirical frameworks. The Process Tracing methodology (Beach &amp; Pederson, 2013) is mainly used to empirically investigate the causal mechanisms that might causally explain each case. By doing so, we simultaneously intend to develop a managerial model designed to facilitate the inclusion pattern in sport for athletes with a disability and to contribute to the development of the literature on inclusive management of disability sport (Misener &amp; Darcy, 2014).

Topic: Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 892216: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Functionally Crippled Nose

Abstract Nasal obstruction is a common presenting symptom of patients seen by primary care physicians, otolaryngologists, and facial plastic surgeons. A variety of treatment strategies, both surgical and nonsurgical, have been used with success in improving nasal obstruction and quality of life. In a subset of patients, many of whom have either attempted these common treatment strategies or are intolerant of them, nasal obstruction remains a significant symptom. In these patients, there may be an identifiable problem, but it is simply not repairable or there is no identifiable anatomic issue. The management of these patients is discussed in this article, with an emphasis on a sensitive approach that takes into consideration a patient's mental health. While the need for diagnostic testing is generally not necessary for most cases of nasal obstruction, endoscopy and imaging should be considered in these patients. Validated patient-reported outcome measures are particularly helpful in providing an objective measure to a patient's frustrating symptoms. A variety of medications can be either contributory to the patient's symptoms or therapeutic if used appropriately. A variety of surgical interventions can also result in a functionally crippled nose and diagnoses including nasal valve stenosis, septal perforations, and empty nose syndrome are discussed. Importantly, further surgical interventions may not be appropriate if a deformity is minimal, and a surgeon should resist the temptation to proceed with surgery in those situations.

Topic: Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Progress in Sample Preparation and Analysis of Monoamine Neurotransmitters

Biogenic monoamine is known as an important series of neurotransmitters.They are involved in a variety of biological activities,such as mental activity,stress and emotion controlling, learning,physical movement,etc.The determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites is significant for the diagnosis and control of many diseases,drug development and the neurological fundamental research.However,trace-level of basal monoamine and complex matrix of biological sample make their efficient separation and accuracy quantification extremely difficult.In this paper,the methods for the sample preparation of monoamine neurotransmitters in biological sample were reviewed,and the new progress in analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters was introduced.The future trends of monoamine neurotransmitters analysis was also prospected.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vagotomy and Emptying Procedure in the Treatment of Acute Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

Two hundred sixty-six acute perforated peptic ulcers have been treated at the Louisville VA Hospital from its inception in May, 1946 to the end of 1961 (Table 1). During this period, only a small minority, 25 patients, have been treated by definitive surgery at the time of perforation, but in recent years we have come to feel it is the procedure of choice in selected circumstances. The first 183 perforations, all treated prior to 1955, have been previously studied and reported<sup>8</sup>(Table 2). Most (175) of these had been treated by simple suture. While the mortality for simple suture in that group was satisfactory, only 2.3%, we elected to analyze critically the postoperative courses after simple suture to determine if a more aggressive attack on the acute perforation might be warranted, as suggested by many European surgeons and some surgeons in this country.<sup>2,3,7,9,10</sup>Of the 175 perforations treated

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ovstack: A protocol stack of common data plane for overlay networks

Various overlay networks have been proposed and developed to increase flexibility on networks to address issues of the IP network. However, the existing overlay networks have two problems: 1) the topology of existing overlays is essentially full-mesh tunneling topology, 2) dependence of control plane and data plane. The full-mesh tunneling topology cannot enable the overlay routing for performance improvement of networks. The dependence of them causes complication of operations due to the isolation of overlay networks, and increases development costs. To improve the problems, we propose a new abstraction layer provides a common architecture for data planes of overlay networks that can deploy overlay routing. Based on the architecture, we design and implement a protocol stack, called ovstack. In this paper, we describe the architecture, design and implementation, then evaluate the performance of overlays including ovstack. The ovstack can contribute to construct more flexible overlay networks on the current networks easily.

Topic: Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Physiological Aging under Commercial Conditions Enhances Performance of Three Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars

The physiological age of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) seed tubers influences emergence, apical dominance, tuber set, and size distribution, all of which are traits that affect crop value. While prior studies have examined storage and planting practices, research optimizing physiological aging under commercially relevant conditions is limited. This 2-year study evaluated the effects of controlled aging on three cultivars, Caribou Russet, Dakota Russet, and Laona, using 15.6 °C temperatures to accumulate 80, 450, or 900 degree days (DD) before long-term cold storage (4 °C). Emergence, stem number, yield, tuber size distribution, and crop value were evaluated in field trials conducted in Othello, WA. Aging to 450-DD was associated with improved emergence and increased yield and crop value, particularly for processing, with gains of up to 32%. In contrast, aging to 900-DD resulted in reduced yield and marketable size, with outcomes varying by cultivar and end use. These effects were further influenced by pretreatment seed handling and storage history. Together, the findings indicate that moderate physiological aging can serve as a practical tool to improve crop uniformity and profitability, but treatments must be tailored to individual cultivars and end-use goals to minimize negative effects.

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Imazethapyr Aqueous Photolysis, Reaction Quantum Yield, and Hydroxyl Radical Rate Constant

The recent introduction of imidazolinone-tolerant rice varieties allow imazethapyr to be used in commercial rice. Little is known about imazethapyr photodegradation in the rice field. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the direct and indirect photolysis rates for imazethapyr and to evaluate the photolysis of imazethapyr in three rice paddy waters. The reaction quantum yield (phi I) for imazethapyr was determined to be 0.023 +/- 0.002, while the hydroxyl radical rate constant (K(I)*OH) was 2.8 x 10(13) M(-1) h(-1). These results show that imazethapyr is susceptible to both direct and indirect photolysis reactions in water. The results also show that imazethapyr photolysis in paddy water will be affected by turbidity because of its impact on the availability of sunlight to drive direct and indirect photolysis reactions.

Topic: Advanced oxidation water treatment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Suggestibility and Compliance among Alleged False Confessors and Resisters in Criminal Trials

This paper describes a study which compares the interrogative suggestibility and compliance scores of 20 alleged false confessors and 20 subjects who had persistently denied their involvement in the crime they were charged with in spite of forensic evidence against them (labelled ‘resisters’). The two groups were ‘matched’ for age, sex, intelligence, memory recall capacity, and the seriousness of the offence. It was hypothesized that the resisters would score significantly lower on tests of suggestibility and compliance than the alleged false confessors. The findings were confirmed at a high level of significance. A separate analysis of 14 resisters and 72 alleged false confessors, where IQ and memory were used as covariates rather than ‘matching’ the two groups on the relevant variables, gave almost identical results. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Topic: Deception detection and forensic psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
INFORMATION SECURITY OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

The article defines and analyzes the characteristic features of modern society digitalization, in particular the digital economy. It is noted that progress in the digital technology environment requires the application of information security measures, primarily in the financial and economic activities of small businesses. The interpretation of the definitions «information security» and «economic security» has been clarified. Attention is drawn to a conscious understanding of the interaction between people and technology during the digital transformation of the economy in such a way that the latest technologies must adapt to people, and not vice versa. It is emphasized that such an understanding can come only in the process of training and acquiring appropriate professional competencies, especially among small businesses. The types of small businesses information that are subject to protection and components of economic security are determined. Proposals have been formed for the creation of a comprehensive security program, which should include an action plan aimed at protecting the functioning of the enterprise's information system from external and internal influences, and a set of measures designed to protect the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data from internal and external, malicious and accidental threats. Information security of small businesses in the context of digitalization should be based on the following positions: the management of the enterprise should regularly train all employees in the principles of Information Security, data protection and protect physical data carriers from cyber attacks; the corporate network should be segmented, and access to it – controlled; partnership with service providers from the point of view of information security should be equivalent; remote access to the corporate network of the enterprise, which is now becoming more widespread, should be as secure as possible and comply with information security standards. A promising area of further research is the development of a set of measures at the state level, which includes streamlining the simplified tax system, promoting the development of innovative entrepreneurship, cluster organization of small businesses, the formation of a modern information infrastructure to support entrepreneurship, the formation of a favorable business climate.

Topic: Economic Issues in Ukraine
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Medical Interpreting in Canada's North

This article provides some insight into the historical development of the health care system in Canada's Eastern Arctic from the Second World War to the present. It discusses some of the issues related to the quality of medical interpretation services in the NWT, such as the age of the interpreter and competence in both languages. A short discussion on the use of generalized versus specialized terminology is also included.

Topic: Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Frequency domain control of quantum state singlet/triplet character and prospects for an all-optical spin switch

In recent years, quantum optics has been expanded from atomic to molecular systems despite much weaker oscillator strengths and complex relaxation pathways that have presented serious challenges in the past. The richness of molecular excitation pathways and the variety of molecular interactions has made it possible to develop novel applications in this field. We have demonstrated how the Autler–Townes effect can be used to control molecular angular momentum alignment and how the Autler–Townes split line shape, combined with accurate control-laser electric field amplitude measurement, can be used to map the absolute magnitude of the molecular internuclear distance dependent electronic transition dipole moment function. In addition, the electric field amplitude in the control laser Rabi frequency can be used as a ‘tuning’ mechanism for the mixing coefficients of energy levels that are weakly perturbed by the spin–orbit interaction, i.e. to control the valence electron spin polarization and the spin multipli...

Topic: Quantum optics and atomic interactions
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Radiation Induced Degradation of the White Thermal Control Paints Z-93 and Z-93P

This paper details a comparison analysis of the zinc oxide pigmented white thermal control paints Z-93 and Z-93P. Both paints were simultaneously exposed to combined space environmental effects and analyzed using an in-vacuo reflectance technique. The dose applied to the paints was approximately equivalent to 5 years in a geosynchronous orbit. This comparison analysis showed that Z-93P is an acceptable substitute for Z-93. Irradiated samples of Z-93 and Z-93P were subjected to additional exposures of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and analyzed using the in-vacuo reflectance technique to investigate UV activated reflectance recovery. Both samples showed minimal UV activated reflectance recovery after an additional 190 equivalent sun hour (ESH) exposure. Reflectance response utilizing nitrogen as a repressurizing gas instead of air was also investigated. This investigation found the rates of reflectance recovery when repressurized with nitrogen are slower than when repressurized with air.

Topic: Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences