jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of the Kvaal Method in Age Estimation of the Serbian Population Based on Dental Radiographs

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the Kvaal method in determining the age of a Serbian population. In this retrospective descriptive study, 170 dental patients (age range 16–77 years) were included. The measurements of six types of teeth were performed on digital orthopantomography radiographs according to the Kvaal method. Statistical inter-observer and intra-observer reliabilities were calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements, as well as to examine the correlation between chronological age and measured values. The evaluation revealed a substantial difference (over 12 years) between chronological and estimated age. The P ratio had the strongest correlation with chronological age for the maxillary central (r = ±0.293) and lateral incisors (r = ±0.240), whereas the pulp/root width ratio at level A had the strongest correlation for the mandibular first premolars (r = ±0.270). The lowest SD values, for measurements on teeth 15/25 (SD = 125,787), had the most accurate correlation with age. Thus, we can conclude that the original Kvaal method is not applicable in the age estimation of the Serbian population. For future research, we suggest using cone beam computer tomography as a precise technology to evaluate the applicability of Kvaal and other methods for age estimation.

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Depression in Alcohol and Other Drug Abusers: Prevalence, Nature, Assessment, and Relationship to Short-Term Relapse

The prevalence of depression was evaluated in 168 inpatients being treated for alcohol and other drug abuse. Patients were divided into three groups according to their pattern of substance use: alcohol only, alcohol and other drugs, and other drugs only. After two weeks of sobriety, 35% of these patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1987) criteria for one of the Depressive Disorders based upon information from a structured interview using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Change Version (SADS-C) (Endicott &amp; Spitzer, 1978). Prevalence rates did not vary by use group, sex, race, marital status, or employment status.\nThe nature of depression in substance abusers was examined by means of factor analyses of the responses to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, &amp; Erbaugh, 1961) and the Mood Assessment Scale (MAS) (Yesavage et al., 1983). These data support the notion that it is theoretically appropriate to use depression inventories developed in clinical populations of primarily depressed patients in the population of alcohol and other drug abusers. The responses of this sample of alcohol and other drug abusers produced factors similar to the factors previously produced by patients with depressive disorders.\nThe MAS was shown to be a valid measure of depression in a population of alcohol and other drug abusers involved in residential treatment. It was superior to the BDI and the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) (Derogatis, Rickels, &amp; Rock, 1976) for both sensitivity and specificity using DSM-III-R diagnosis of depressive disorders as a comparison.\nThe coexistence of a depressive disorder was associated with continuing depression after treatment. Most of the subjects without depressive disorders (non-DDD group) experienced little or no depression at follow-up whether they relapsed or not. The subjects with a depressive disorder (DDD group) experienced mild to moderate levels of depression even if abstinent. All of the relapsers in the DDD group were severely depressed whereas only half of the relapsers in the non-DDD group were severely depressed.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extracellular aminopeptidase modulates biofilm development of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by affecting matrix exopolysaccharide and bacterial cell death

Summary Biofilm bacteria are embedded within a self‐secreted extracellular matrix that contains a considerable amount of proteins including many extracellular enzymes. However, little is known about the roles of such enzymes in biofilm development. Here, we studied P seudomonas a eruginosa a mino p eptidase (PaAP, encoded by PA2939 that we named the gene as paaP in this study), a quorum‐sensing‐regulated enzyme and one of the most abundant extracellular proteins in the biofilm matrix of this opportunistic pathogen and environmental bacterium. We found that deletion of paaP in P. aeruginosa increased initial attachment and biofilm formation at early stages of biofilm development. After 24 h growth, loss of PaAP resulted in substantial cell death and biofilm disruption. Bacterial cell death was independent of biofilm matrix polysaccharide Psl, while biofilm disruption was due to the degradation of Psl matrix by dead‐bacteria‐released glycosyl hydrolase PslG, thereby leading to biofilm dispersion. PaAP functioned extracellularly and aminopeptidase catalytic activity was essential for its effect on biofilm development. Our data reveal an important role of extracellular aminopeptidase in biofilm development, suggesting PaAP as a therapeutic target for preventing P. aeruginosa infection and combating biofilm‐related complications.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical significance of FDG PET-CT unexpected colorectal focal findings: Our experience in 2193 patients studied for known or suspected not colorectal cancer

507 Objectives: Aim of the study was to assess the clinical value of colonic focal findings incidentally detected by FDG PET-CT and verify if this technique can identify cancerous and precancerous colorectal lesions. Methods: We reviewed the reports of 2193 patients (pts) who underwent FDG PET-CT for known or suspected cancer originating from lung (23/43), skin or soft tissue (6/43), lymph nodes (4/43), stomach (4/43), genitourinary organs (4/43), esophagus (1/43), thyroid (1/43). Focal sites of increased FDG uptake corresponding to wall thickening or soft tissue mass were interpreted as suggestive of malignant or pre-malignant lesions (MPML). Histology was our gold standard for all the lesions that appeared suspicious at colonoscopy. Results: Histology was available in 43 (81,1%) of the 53/2193 patients (2,4%), in whom FDG discovered MPML findings and corresponded to: cancerous lesions in 13/43 (30,2%); precancerous lesions in 16/43 (37,2%) (8 high-to-mild-grade displastic, MGDA, and 8 low-grade displastic adenomas, LGDA); false positive (FP) in 14/43 (32,6%) [4 inflammatory, 1 haemorrhoids and 9 no abnormality). SUVmax was higher in carcinomas (20.7 ± 12.7) and HMGDA (11.9 ± 4.6) than in the LGDA (7.0 ± 2.8) and in the FP (9.5 ± 4.4) groups. FDG findings suspicious of MPML were located in 60% (26/43) of cases in rectum/sigma in and 40% (17/43) in colon. Conclusions: Although FDG PET-CT unexpected colorectal focal findings are found only in about 2,4% of cases, in our series they have a remarkable risk of being a cancerous or precancerous lesions, approaching 67,4% (30,2% and 37,2% cancerous and precancerous lesions respectively). This relatively high rate of malignancy, compared with previous studies which used “PET alone”, is probably due to the “strict” criteria used for interpretation, which was based on matching a positive FDG uptake and an accompanying anatomical abnormality, as detected by CT. Such results strongly support the need to systematically send to colonoscopy all patients with an incidental focal colorectal FDG uptake associated with any significant anatomical finding on a PET/CT scan.

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prevalence of Parasitic Infections on Hematological Indices of Horses in the Gombe Royal Houses

The prevalence and effects of parasitic infections on hematological indices of horses in royal house of Gombe was studied. A total of 150 male horses were used for the study (January to March, 2017). Blood, feces and skin scrapings were collected from each horse and examined using various standard laboratory procedures. The coprological results showed that Ascaris accounted for 10% (15), flatworms (fasciola) 4% (6) and hookworms 4.6% (7). The skin scrapings, Mange accounted for 4 (2.6%), and ticks 8 (5.3%) while hemoparasitological analysis showed that Babesia accounted for 5 (3.33%). The blood indices showed that horses infected by parasites have significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower RBC PCV, HB, and platelets compared to non infected horses while the WBC values increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) due to immune-cellular response to the parasitic infection. The findings showed that parasitism is a problem in the stables examined and calls for proper stable hygiene, improved management practice, regular and strategic parasite monitoring and deworming programmes in order to achieve improved health and performance.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
[Effects of controlled-release fertilizer and organic amendment on the construction of nutrients reserves in Larix olgensis container seedlings].

A 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertilization on Larix olgensis container seedlings. 36.36 or 18.18 mg controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) N and 0 or 1.82 g FM organic amendment (OA) per seedling were applied. There were no significant responses to fertilization in the seedling height, collar diameter, biomass, and potassium (K) uptake. Applying FM OA increased the number of first-order lateral roots with a length > 1 cm (P = 0.040), the tap root length (TRL) (P = 0.012), and the ratio of TRL to seedling height (P = 0.008). Comparing with low application rate CRF N, high application rate CRF N increased the N concentration in root (P = 0.035) as well as the N reserves in stem (P = 0.005), root (P = 0.037), and stem plus root (P = 0.030), and the P reserves in stem (P = 0.047). Applying 36.36 mg CRF N plus 1.82 g FM OA increased the N concentrations in leaf and in stem plus root by 137% (P = 0.040) and 21% (P = 0.013), respectively, and the N reserves in stem (P = 0.020), root (P = 0.017), and stem plus root (P = 0.013). Vector analysis revealed that high application rate of CRF N led to the excess of seedlings N and P, while applying FM OA alleviated the N and P deficiency but led to the K depletion. For nursing L. olgensis container seedlings, a solution of CRF 18 mg N combined with 1.82 g FM OA per seedling was recommended.

Topic: Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Safety and tolerance of oral dextromethorphan in patients at risk for brain ischemia.

Experimental ischemia models have shown the antitussive dextromethorphan to be an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist with neuroprotective properties. We treated 10 patients with a history of recent stroke or transient ischemic attack with oral dextromethorphan (60 mg q.i.d.) for 3 weeks in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover tolerance study. We documented no clinical evidence of toxicity attributable to dextromethorphan in this preliminary study.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Tumor epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) as a marker for antitumoral activity of Newcastle disease virus infusion and modulated electrohyperthermia

Active specific tumor vaccination with autologous dendritic cells is an emerging treatment strategy for several cancer types. Feasibility and lack of toxicity is demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. In order to improve the potency for the induction of effective tumor control, combination approaches are studied, including oncolytic virotherapy and modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT), both inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Patients (n = 24) were treated with daily infusions of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and with mEHT as part of multimodal immunotherapy. Blood was followed with flow cytometry on a daily basis for change of two tumor epitopes in monocytes using the EDIM test: the DNaseX/Apo10 proteine epitope, a marker of abnormal apoptosis and proliferation, and Transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), a marker for anaerobic glucose metabolism (Warburg effect). Patients were in median 54 years (range 3 – 79). Cancer categories were neuro-oncology (n = 11), urologic (n = 2), gynecologic (n = 5), digestive (n = 5) and pulmonary (n = 1) oncology. For all cancer types we found a significant increase in the score for Apo10, TKTL1 and the sum of both from the first till the sixth treatment. In 9 patients, we were able to follow the same variables during a second week of treatment, scheduled 3 weeks after the first. The scores were returned to the basic value, but again increased significantly upon daily NDV/mEHT treatment. The data demonstrate that NDV/mEHT target tumor cells, and induce ICD with release of Apo10 and TKTL-1, taken up by circulating monocytes and detected in EDIM test.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of α‐Vinylalanine and α‐Ethynylalanine.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nō theatre transversal, Stanca Scholz-Cionca, Christopher Balme (eds.)

Cet ouvrage reunit les principales contributions presentees lors d'un colloque organise a Trier (Treves) en mars 2006 par le departement d'etudes japonaises de l'universite de cette ville et celui d'etudes theâtrales de l'universite de Mainz (Mayence), sous le titre complet de Nō Theatre Transversal: Crossing Borders between Genres, Culture and Identities. Comme l'expliquent les maitres d'œuvre, les professeurs Scholz-Cionca et Balme, le colloque se proposait d'examiner les relations complex...

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sizable Concentration-Dependent Frequency Shifts in Solution NMR Using Sensitive Probes

With the growing use of high fields and ultrasensitive probes, radiation damping emerges as a significant feedback interaction in modern solution NMR. Motivated by recent observations of mysterious concentration-dependent frequency shifts, experiments carried out on a cryoprobe at 600 MHz have revealed a time-averaged frequency shift of up to +83/-81 Hz. The sizable frequency shifts arise from deviations in the phase of the radiation damping field from perfect orthogonality relative to the net transverse magnetization. The frequency shift is shown to depend on the longitudinal magnetization and probe tuning conditions through experiments and numerical simulations. Such unexpected shifts in the solvent precession frequency provide a physical explanation for the empirical practice of adjusting the irradiation frequency of the saturating B1 field in solvent presaturation to achieve optimal suppression. Additional applications of the radiation damping induced frequency shift to solvent suppression and NMR methodology are discussed.

Topic: NMR spectroscopy and applications
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. IG 91538

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.<br>Common name(s): Wheat<br>Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon<br>Local sample unique identifier: IG 91538<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1982<br>Other identifiers: n/a,ICDW 15239<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Breeding/research material<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Atorvastatin modulates the DDAH1/ADMA system in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats with endothelial dysfunction

Dimethylarginine dimethyl-aminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is a metabolic enzyme for asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), both of which are closely related to endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction, a main risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, can be attributed to insulin resistance. We aimed to determine the effects of atorvastatin, an endothelium-protective drug, on DDAH1/ADMA in insulin-resistant rats. Insulin resistance in male Sprague-Dawley rats was induced with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Some rats received atorvastatin (30 mg/kg/day) for an additional 8 weeks. Insulin-resistant rats exhibited not only decreases in the DDAH activity and aortic expression of DDAH1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) but also increases in plasma ADMA levels, all of which were inhibited by atorvastatin. Insulin sensitivity and DDAH activity showed a significant positive correlation. In conclusion, our results suggest that atorvastatin may modulate DDAH1/ADMA to improve endothelial function in insulin-resistant rats; SREBP1 may also play a role in this.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Strategic delegation by unobservable incentive contracts

Many strategic interactions in the real world take place among delegates empowered to act on behalf of others. Although there may be a multitude of reasons why delegation arises in reality, one intriguing possibility is that it yields a strategic advantage to the delegating party. In the case where only one party has the option to delegate, we analyze the possibility that strategic delegation arises as an equilibrium outcome under completely unobservable incentive contracts within the class of two-person extensive form games. We show that delegation may arise solely due to strategic reasons in quite general economic environments even under unobservable contracts. Furthermore, under some reasonable restrictions on out-of-equilibrium beliefs and actions of the outside party, strategic delegation is shown to be the only equilibrium outcome.

Topic: Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The oretical analysis of electromagnetic field inside the eggs of a graine of mulberry silkworm

This article conducts research on the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside the silkworm eggs, which are being presented in the form of a homogeneous sphere with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the acting field EHF. Researches on the distribution of information EMF within silkworm eggs are necessary to determine the parameters of the field (frequency, power density, exposure) that increase the yield and quality of silkworm cocoons. Given the above, analysis in this article is based on a methodical planning to solve the problem of determining the electromagnetic field inside biological objects. Among methods that were used for that main one is gradual approximation which was applied to the real data situations resulting in transition to cases that could be solved by known techniques and approaches allowing to discover new data. Given the electrical properties in particular the permittivity of silkworm eggs a classical approach was used to calculate the structure of the electromagnetic field inside the biological homogeneous objects which being exposed to external electromagnetic fields. Because the shape of silkworm eggs can be compared approximately to the shape with a regular geometry, the problem of diffracting electromagnetic fields on them has been reduced to the problem of diffraction by a sphere.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Swiss National Moths Databank

This dataset includes records of the Moths pro parte (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae, Cossidae, Drepanidae, Endromidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae, Geometridae, Hepialidae, Lasiocampidae, Limacodidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, Psychidae, Pyralidae (Cydalima perspectalis), Saturniidae, Sesiidae, Sphingidae, Thyrididae) from Switzerland and the adjacent area. Data sources include museum and private collections, the literature, field observations provided by a large network of volunteer collaborators, environmental impact studies and academic work. The period covered by the data extends from 1775 to the present day. All data provided have been subject to a validation procedure. Nomenclature follows SwissLepTeam 2010.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Improved electrochemical performance of SiO2-coated Li-rich layered oxides-Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) such as Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 are suitable cathode materials for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite some salient advantages, like low cost, ease of fabrication, high capacity, and higher operating voltage, these materials suffer from low cyclic stability and poor capacity retention. Several different techniques have been proposed to address the limitations associated with LLOs. Herein, we report the surface modification of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 by utilizing cheap and readily available silica (SiO2) to improve its electrochemical performance. Towards this direction, Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 was synthesized utilizing a sol–gel process and coated with SiO2 (SiO2 = 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%) employing dry ball milling technique. XRD, SEM, TEM, elemental mapping and XPS characterization techniques confirm the formation of phase pure materials and presence of SiO2 coating layer on the surface of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 particles. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 materials show improved electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention and cyclability when compared to the uncoated material. This improvement in electrochemical performance can be related to the prevention of electrolyte decomposition when in direct contact with the surface of charged Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 cathode material. The SiO2 coating thus prevents the unwanted side reactions between cathode material and the electrolyte. 1.0 wt% SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability and capacity retention.Other Information Published in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics<br> License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0<br>See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04481-6

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences