jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of fish assemblages in an Ozark river associated with pasture land use and constructed water bodies

Abstract Comparisons between contemporary and historic surveys are useful in assessing how fish assemblages respond to anthropogenic stressors. When these stressors degrade aquatic environments, assemblages often experience biotic homogenization. The Strawberry River flows through the Ozarks of northern Arkansas and has been subject to both pasture land use conversion and constructed waterbodies which can degrade aquatic environments and alter fish assemblages. We investigated how fish assemblages in the Strawberry River have changed over a 35‐year time span in response to pasture land use and constructed waterbodies. We found evidence of both taxonomic and functional homogenization of fish assemblages from the mid‐1980s to 2019. This shift towards homogenization was primarily driven by increases in both site occurrence and abundance of generalist centrarchid species (associated with land use practices) and headwater specialist species (likely related to increased intermittency upstream). We created a composite variable using principal component analysis that represented pasture land use and constructed water body metrics because of their close relationship with each other. We found evidence of early functional differentiation associated with this composite variable; however, we found that over time fish assemblages ultimately experienced greater levels of homogenization associated with this same variable. This pattern of biotic homogenization associated with species additions suggests the Strawberry River is at a tipping point along a subsidy stress gradient, and in the future, we expect to see losses of specialist endemic species if conservation actions are not taken.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Delayed postoperative hemorrhage complicating chalazion surgery.

Chalazion surgery is a common minor ophthalmic surgical procedure used to treat chalazia after conservative measures have failed. Complications are infrequent and generally easily managed with minimal morbidity. This article presents an atypical case of an elderly woman with a history of hypertension who experienced sudden profuse hemorrhaging 10 days after chalazion surgery. The clinical findings are presented along with a brief overview of the relevant vascular anatomy of the eyelid and a discussion of possible etiologic factors.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural health monitoring of engineered structures using a space-borne synthetic aperture radar multi-temporal approach: from cultural heritage sites to war zones

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of engineered structures consists of an automated or semi-automated survey system that seeks to assess the structural condition of an anthropogenic structure. The aim of an SHM system is to provide insights into possible induced damage or any inherent signals of deformation affecting the structure in terms of detection, localization, assessment, and prediction. During the last decade there has been a growing interest in using several remote sensing techniques, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR), for SHM. Constellations of SAR satellites with short repeat time acquisitions permit detailed surveys temporal resolution and millimetric sensitivity to deformation that are at the scales relevant to monitoring large structures. The all-weather multi-temporal characteristics of SAR make its products suitable for SHM systems, especially in areas where in situ measurements are not feasible or not cost effective. To illustrate this capability, we present results from COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and TerraSAR-X SAR observations applied to the remote sensing of engineered structures. We show how by using multiple-geometry SAR-based products which exploit both phase and amplitude of the SAR signal we can address the main objectives of an SHM system including detection and localization. We highlight that, when external data such as rain or temperature records are available or simple elastic models can be assumed, the SAR-based SHM capability can also provide an interpretation in terms of assessment and prediction. We highlight examples of the potential for such imaging capabilities to enable advances in SHM from space, focusing on dams and cultural heritage areas. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Safe and Stable Control Synthesis for Uncertain System Models via Distributionally Robust Optimization

This paper considers enforcing safety and stability of dynamical systems in the presence of model uncertainty. Safety and stability constraints may be specified using a control barrier function (CBF) and a control Lyapunov function (CLF), respectively. To take model uncertainty into account, robust and chance formulations of the constraints are commonly considered. However, this requires known error bounds or a known distribution for the model uncertainty, and the resulting formulations may suffer from over-conservatism or over-confidence. In this paper, we assume that only a finite set of model parametric uncertainty samples is available and formulate a distributionally robust chance-constrained program (DRCCP) for control synthesis with CBF safety and CLF stability guarantees. To facilitate efficient computation of control inputs during online execution, we present a reformulation of the DRCCP as a second-order cone program (SOCP). Our formulation is evaluated in an adaptive cruise control example in comparison to 1) a baseline CLF-CBF quadratic programming approach, 2) a robust approach that assumes known error bounds of the system uncertainty, and 3) a chance-constrained approach that assumes a known Gaussian Process distribution of the uncertainty.

Topic: Risk and Portfolio Optimization
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DETECTION OF YERSINIA RUCKERI BY PCR IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUSMYKISS- WALBAUM) HATCHERY FARMS IN THE WEST OF TURKEY

ABSTRACT The presence of Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout hatchery farms was investigated by PCR Assay. Twenty-five rainbow trout, suspected of Enteric Redmouth Disease, were examined in this study. Yersinia ruckeri strains were identified from 8 out of 25 samples (32%). Ten of 25 (40%) rainbow trout samples showed positive reactions for Yersinia ruckeri in the PCR. All PCR positive samples have shown specific amplification bands of the 575-bp fragment for Yersinia ruckeri. Key Words: Yersinia ruckeri, Rainbow trout, PCR, diagnosis. &amp;amp;nbsp; TÜRKİYE&amp;#039;NİN BATISINDAKİ GÖKKUŞAĞI ALABALIK YETİŞTİRME ÇİFTLİKLERİNDE YERSİNİA RUCKERİ&amp;#039;NİN PZR KULLANILARAK TANIMLANMASI ÖZET Bu araştırmada, Gökkuşağı Alabalığı çiftliklerindeki Yersinia ruckeri varlığı Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) metodu ile incelendi. Bu çalışmada Kızıl Ağız Hastalığı &amp;amp;sect;şüpheli 25 adet Gökkuşağı Alabalığı materyal olarak kullanıldı. 25 örneğin 8 (%32)&amp;#039;inden Yersinia ruckeri identifiye edildi. 25 örneğin 10&amp;#039;unda PZR&amp;#039;da Yersinia ruckeri yönünden pozitiflik saptandı. PZR pozitif ürünlerin hepsinde, Yersinia ruckeri için spesifik 575 bp uzunluğunda bantlar elde edildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yersinia ruckeri, Gökkuşağı Alabalığı, PZR, tanı. &amp;amp;nbsp;

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The impact of feeding date palm by products on the reproduction of Awassi ewe in the Qatari environment

The study aimed to examine the effect of feeding date palm with a product-based ration on the productivity of Awassi ewes raised intensively in the Qatari environment. The two matching total mixed rations consisted primarily of Rhodes and barely grains (CD), discarded dates, and crushed fronds (NCD). Forty-four Awassi ewes were divided into two matching groups. The groups were allocated randomly to the dietary treatments in a randomized block design experiment of 2 rams (mature fertile male sheep). Dates of service and lambing, ewes’ weights at conception and lambing, and lambs’ weights at birth and weaning (at 90 days of age) were registered. The type of diet had no effect on percentages of conceived and lambed ewes: gestation (150 ± 3.4 days), lambing interval periods (326 ± 17.4 days), litter size (117 ± 37.9 lambs/100 ewes), litter birth weight (3.9 ± 1.07 kg/lambing ewe), litter weaning weight (20.4 ± 5.83 kg/lambing ewe), weight of weaned lambs/ewe/year, weight of weaned lambs/kg of ewe weight/year, and weight of weaned lambs/kg0.75 of ewe weight/year. The NCD group had higher feed intakes (dry matter, DM, metabolizable energy, ME, and crude protein, CP) than the CD group. However, in terms of cost, NCD had a low cost of daily feed intake (1.88 vs. 2.42 riyals/ewe/day) and a cost of one kilogram of weaned lambs/ewe/year (30.8 vs. 43.2 riyals). It was concluded that feed based on date palm byproducts provided a performance not different from conventional feed but at a low feed cost.

Topic: Date Palm Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
COW S MILK PROTEIN SENSITIZATION - LAST 10 YEARS CASUISTIC

Cow's milk protein allergy is the most common food allergy, affecting approximately 2-3 % of infants until the age of 3, in industrialized countries. It seems to be important to understand the impact of this problem in the paediatric population. Material and Methods: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study of all infants followed in our department (from January of 1995 to December of 2004) with the diagnosis of cow's milk protein sensitization was made. Their allergy work-up included specific IgE determinations using CAP technology performed against alphalactalbumin (ALA), beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein and also soy protein. The following data was also analyzed: sex and age of sensitisation, type of feeding, symptoms of allergic disease (atopic dermatitis, wheezing and gastrointestinal symptoms) and the relationship between symptoms and sensitization pattern. Results: A total of 153 infants (87 boys and 66 girls) was studied; from this group, 114 (74%) showed sensitization to ALA, 98 (64%) to casein, 97 (63%) to BLG and 12 (7,8%) to soy protein. One third of all children showed sensitization to the three cow's milk proteins. Initial clinical symptoms were seen between 1 and 108 months of age. Major clinical signs were wheezing in 52,9 % and atopic dermatitis, found in 32,7 %. Conclusions: We could not find any variation in the pattern of sensitization to milk or soy proteins during the ten years included in the study. Boys were more often sensitized to cow's milk protein than girls. A relation was found between sensitization to ALA and wheezing, as well as between BLG and atopic dermatitis.

Topic: Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reviving Kabul: Notes on the Restoration and Adaptation of the Great Serai

The Great Serai is a historic property located in Murad Khane in the old town of Afghanistan's capital, Kabul. Dating back to the 1880s, the building was constructed using locally available materials and techniques. As one of the largest surviving properties of its kind in Kabul, the Great Serai is acknowledged as an important example of traditional vernacular Afghan architecture. From March 2007 to October 2010 Turquoise Mountain, a not-for-profit organization with a remit to preserve and protect Afghanistan's cultural heritage, restored and adapted the Great Serai for use as a calligraphy school and administration centre by the Institute of Afghan Arts and Architecture. From January 2009 to September 2010, I was employed to manage this work. Focusing on the practicalities of construction in post-conflict Afghanistan, these notes begin by outlining the historical, contractual and regulatory context within which the project was carried out. This article explores the trials entailed in working in an unsettled zone without an established legal framework, proper records or planning regulations and building codes. A description of the process and philosophy that guided the design and construction work then follows, exploring the intent to preserve the authentic character of the building while updating it for contemporary usage. The final section offers a critical overview of lessons learned before concluding with a personal reflection on the 'value' of the building, both as a heritage asset and looking forward, a place of study, learning and creativity.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relocating the cinema in the city

This chapter seeks to reconsider the means through which the cinema goes along with the city. In what follows, the key point of their association is no longer how films show the urban but rather how they are part of it. Film studies have conceived too narrowly the concrete materiality that connects both realms, often restricting inquiry into cinematic effects to "considerations of individual subjectivity, consciousness and filmic form" (Pratt and San Juan 2014, 5). Reception and places of exhibition are minor issues in the literature of the field; moreover, the spaces examined are usually too generic (the movie theatre, the art gallery, the internet, etc.) and are considered apart from any socio-atmospheric features or "the film on view" (5). Thus, exploring how the cinema exists and shelters collective modes of existence within an urban territory is still an unaddressed area of study, and one that requires, too, an account of how the filmic apparatus comes to matter (in the sense of both becoming meaningful and becoming material). This means focusing on the shape that screening technologies and practices take when remaking the city and setting in motion an urban politics of attention, pleasure and friendship (Amin and Thrift 2002).

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Joint Optimization Model for Energy and Reserve Capacity Scheduling With the Integration of Variable Energy Resources

In this paper, a two-stage approach is proposed on a joint dispatch of thermal power generation and variable resources including a storage system. Although, the dispatch of alternate energy along with conventional resources has become increasingly important in the new utility environment. However, recent studies based on the uncertainty and worst-case scenario-oriented robust optimization methodology reveal the perplexities associated with renewable energy sources (RES). First, the load demand is predicted through a convolutional neural network (CNN) by taking the ISO-NECA hourly real-time data. Then, the joint dispatch of energy and spinning reserve capacity is performed with the integration of RES and battery storage system (BSS) to satisfy the predicted load demand. In addition, the generation system is penalized with a cost factor against load not served for the amount of energy demand which is not fulfilled due to generation constraints. Meanwhile, due to ramping of thermal units, the available surplus power will be stored in the backup energy storage system considering the state of charge of the storage system. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE-standard 6-Bus system and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the cost minimization objective function. Finally, the proposed system performance has been verified along with the reliability during two worst-case scenarios, i.e., sudden drop in power demand and a short-fall at the generation end.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa. By Denis-Constant Martin. Somerset West: African Minds, 2013. 472 pp. ISBN: 978-1-920-48982-3 (pb), 978-1-920-67716-9 (ebook)

Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa. By Denis-Constant Martin. Somerset West: African Minds, 2013. 472 pp. ISBN: 978-1-920-48982-3 (pb), 978-1-920-67716-9 (ebook) - Volume 34 Issue 2

Topic: South African History and Culture
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reply to “Technical Notes on the Correct Configuration of the Alfred 60/AST Device for the Detection of Urinary Tract Infections”

We thank [Dr. Spezzotti][1] for his interest in our analysis ([1][2]). Following review of the raw data provided by ourselves, Dr. Spezzotti has identified several issues that may have resulted in an underestimation of the performance of the Alfred 60/AST device.

First, Dr. Spezzotti questions the

Topic: Medical History and Innovations
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of diet on the microbiota and immune system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation and organ damage. Studies indicate that diet significantly influences the gut microbiota, which, in turn, affects the immune system. This article explores gut microbiota dysbiosis in SLE patients and potential mechanisms related to dietary interventions and immune function. It highlights specific dietary patterns, such as a high-fibre diet and the Mediterranean diet, that may modulate the diversity and activity of the gut microbiota. The interaction between altered microbiota and immune responses, including the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, intestinal barrier permeability, and autoantibody production is examined. This review highlights the importance of personalized dietary strategies to modulate the diversity and activity of the gut microbiota by enhancing the immune response and potentially mitigating disease progression.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of junction site between T-DNA and plant genome in Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus resistance GM rice

Bacillus thuringiensis 균주로부터 분리한 cry3A 유전자는 딱정벌레목 해충에 살충성을 가지고 있어서 효율적으로 딱정벌레목 해충을 방제 할 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 국립농업과학원에서는 cry3A 유전자 형질전환벼를 육성하였고, GMO 포장 생물검정 연구를 통해 벼물바구미에 대한 내충성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 벼물바구미 내충성 벼 4 계통에 대한 도입유전자 특성을 분자생물학적 방법으로 검정하여 유전자의 도입 사본 수와 도입유전자의 염기서열 등의 분석결과를 제시하였다. BT12R1 계통은 염색체 10번의 exon 부위에 도입유전자가 단일 사본으로 삽입되었으며, BT12R2 계통은 두 개의 사본으로 삽입되었고, BT12R3 계통은 LB 인근의 염기서열만 확인되었다. BT12R4 계통의 경우 단일 사본의 도입유전자가 염색체 5번의 24,516,607 ~ 24,516,636 위치에 30개의 염색체 염기서열이 결실된 상태로 삽입되었다. 이 도입위치는 벼의 내재 유전자가 발현하지 않는 intergenic 부위로 판명되었으며, 도입유전자 이외의 벡터 염기서열이 삽입되지 않음을 확인하였다. 이러한 벼물바구미 내충성벼 BT12R4 계통에 대한 분자생물학적 분석 결과는 차후 GM 작물 실용화의 환경 위해성 및 안전성 평가에 대한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Four transgenic rice lines harboring insect-resistant gene cry3A showed ideal field performances characterized by high considerable resistance to rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel). In this study, we estimated the insertion number of foreign genes, and analyzed the flanking sequences of T-DNAs in rice genome. As a result, T-DNA of BT12R1 line was inserted in exon region of rice chromosome 10. Two copies of T-DNAs were inserted in line BT12R2. BT12R3 line was analyzed at only left border flanking sequence. BT12R4 line was confirmed one copy of foreign gene insertion at the position 24,516,607 ~ 24,516,636 of rice chromosome 5, accompanied by a deletion of 30 bp known genomic sequences. This intergenic position was confirmed none of expressed gene and any deletion/addition of T-DNA sequence. In conclusion, these molecular data of rice water weevil resistant Bt rice would be used to conduct the biosafety and environment risk assessment for GM crop commercialization.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental Toxocara canis infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

SUMMARY Visceral larva migrans was produced in 16 cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) experimentally inoculated with 45,000 embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis as a single bolus or in 3 divided doses. The hematologic and serologic changes were similar to those observed in children with visceral Toxocara infection. Neurologic signs developed in 3 animals and were characterized by ataxia and nystagmus. Growth rates were diminished in inoculated animals when compared with the rates in noninoculated controls. Diagnostic antibody titers as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were noted in all inoculated macaques by the 4th week, and these titers persisted during the 7-month period of observation. Antibody to Toxocara was not detected in the aqueous or vitreous humors. Lesions comprised severe granulomatous hepatitis and encephalomyelitis. Intraocular lesions associated with larval migration were not observed.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Upstream Pc3‐4 waves: Experimental evidence of propagation to the nightside plasmapause/plasmatrough

Compressional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the Pc3‐4 frequency range (≃10–50 mHz) are generally believed to be generated upstream of the Earth's bow‐shock in reflected proton beams. Inside the closed field‐line geometry, these waves are conventionally considered to be a dayside phenomenon. However, recent studies suggest that some of the nighttime Pc4 pulsations may in fact have an upstream origin. In this letter, we report synchronous variations of the Pc3‐4 spectra near post‐dawn cusp and nightside plasmapause/plasmatrough as observed by HF radar and ground magnetometers. The measured Pc3‐4 frequency closely follows that of the upstream waves theoretically predicted based on the dynamics of the interplanetary magnetic field, which presents the most convincing evidence to date of upstream‐generated Pc3‐4 waves propagating to the nightside magnetosphere in the closed field‐line geometry. We conclude the letter with a brief discussion of a possible propagation scenario.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Front-end to LBTest for Conformance Testing of Embedded Systems

This report presents the work creating and evaluating a front-end for conformance testing with the LBTest software and the viability of a tool of this kind. LBTest is a tool designed for learning-based testing of embedded systems using model checking. In order to reach a verdict the model checking uses a specification written in linear temporal logic. The front-ends desired functionality is to translate NuSMV-files into linear temporal logic. A .dot-file should also be generated in order to render a visual representation of the Nu- SMV-file. A case study where the front-end translates a model's specification and testing it on a program with LBTest is successful and shows that a frontend is possible to create and use in order to achieve conformance testing in LBTest.

Topic: Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences