jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Replacement of unsteady heat transfer coefficient by equivalent steady-state one when calculating temperature oscillations in a thermal layer

Features of calculation of temperature oscillations which are damped in a surface layer of a solid and which are having a small range in comparison with range of temperature of the fluid medium surrounding the solid at heat transfer coefficient changing in time under the periodic law are considered. For the specified case the equations for approximate definition of constant and oscillating components of temperature field of a solid are received. The possibility of use of appropriately chosen steady-state coefficient when calculating the temperature oscillations instead of unsteady heat-transfer coefficient is investigated. Dependence for definition of such equivalent constant heat-transfer coefficient is determined. With its help the research of temperature oscillations of solids with canonical form for some specific conditions of heat transfer is undertaken. Comparison of the obtained data with results of exact solutions of a problem of heat conductivity by which the limits to applicability of the offered approach are defined is carried out.

Topic: Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
VoronoiNet : General Functional Approximators with Local Support

Voronoi diagrams are highly compact representations that are used in various Graphics applications. In this work, we show how to embed a differentiable version of it -- via a novel deep architecture -- into a generative deep network. By doing so, we achieve a highly compact latent embedding that is able to provide much more detailed reconstructions, both in 2D and 3D, for various shapes. In this tech report, we introduce our representation and present a set of preliminary results comparing it with recently proposed implicit occupancy networks.

Topic: 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Model for Structuring Training Activities ‐‐ A Personal View

Abstract This article reports on a model for structuring training activities. It is based on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, and has implications for the teaching methods used; the duration of sessions; the participation of participants; and the role‐changes of everyone involved. The model was devised for presenting to academic staff, to facilitate their learning in workshop‐style activities on teaching and learning, by helping them to appreciate what to expect at the various stages and why. It should be equally profitable, however, used with participants from other backgrounds in other training activities.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Not Another Masculinity Crisis

Gender-first analysis exposes a different motivating history for New Populism than the one typically told. This chapter demonstrates that in the US context by tracing the claim that masculinity is in crisis. Time and again, ‘crises’ of manhood appropriate class, folding privileged men into a ‘working class’ of wounded manhood. The chapter zooms in on the past two decades, in which New Populism exploded. Through a layered analysis of momentum from Fight Club to Joker, it shows a continual escalation of aggrieved masculinity up to the nihilistic present. Nothing can soothe this cross-class ‘crisis’—some 50 years in the making—because the manly supremacies it seeks are unsustainable. ‘Crises’ of masculinity drive the spread of New Populism. Increasingly, they endanger us all, even those they claim to serve.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 959785: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Face Anti-spoofing Based on General Image Quality Assessment

A new face anti-spoofing method based on general image quality assessment is presented. The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using 14 image quality features extracted from one image (i.e., the same acquired for face recognition purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples. The experimental results, obtained on two publicly available datasets, show very competitive results compared to other state-of-the-art methods tested on the same benchmarks. The findings presented in the work clearly suggest that the analysis of the general image quality of real face samples reveals highly valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake images.

Topic: Biometric Identification and Security
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Selective and Divided Attention on Audiovisual Interaction

In everyday life, visual and auditory are the most common forms of sensory information. Therefore, audiovisual interaction in the brain plays an important role in performance and perception. In addition, our attention system allows us to dynamically select and enhance the processing of objects and events that are the most relevant at each moment. Some studies suggest that attention can modulate audiovisual integration. However, different neural activity of multimodal audiovisual integration can be seen in different attention conditions. This review focuses on the question of what affects selective and divided attention in audiovisual interaction. Neural activities of audiovisual under selective and divided attention conditions are also discussed. This review aims to bring together and summarize previous studies on the interactions between attention and audiovisual integration.

Topic: Multisensory perception and integration
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
THE QUINOXALINOLS. I. CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CHELATING ABILITY

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE QUINOXALINOLS. I. CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CHELATING ABILITYSTANLEY K. FREEMAN and PAUL E. SPOERRICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 3, 438–442Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01143a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01143a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Index-Guide GaInNAs Laser Diode for Optical Communications

An AlGaAs/GaAs/GaInNAs single-quantum-well real-index-guide laser diode with a ridged waveguide structure was fabricated. A threshold current of 24 mA under room-temperature continuous-wave operation was attained with this structure. Obtained device parameters show that this device shows promise for application in optical communication system.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
READY, AIM, FIRE . . . RELAXATION STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PISTOL MARKSMANSHIP

Although many types of relaxation techniques are available, definitive data are needed to examine their effectiveness. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of a 6-week program of visuomotor behavior rehearsal, and a control on slow fire, timed fire, rapid fire, and composite (total) pistol-shooting performance of 15 male and 15 female undergraduates. A 3 treatment (Transcendental Meditation, Visuomotor Behavior Rehearsal, Control) × 2 (Trial 1, 2: Pretest, Posttest) randomized design was used to examine the data. The visuomotor behavior rehearsal group showed a consistent increase from pretest to posttest on all four types of pistol-shooting performance. Results were discussed in relation to cognitive and somatic types of relaxation and their effect on specific sport skills.

Topic: Sport Psychology and Performance
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Associations between sex, body mass index, and the individual microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Background 18‐kDa translocator protein position‐emission‐tomography (TSPO‐PET) imaging emerged for in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation in preclinical and clinical research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Higher TSPO‐PET binding as a surrogate of microglial activation in females has been reported for cognitively normal humans (HC), but sex effects have not yet been systematically evaluated in patients with AD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of sex and the body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between β‐amyloid‐accumulation and microglial activation in AD. Method Fifty‐six patients with AD (34 female; BMI 24.9±4.0; age 71.1±7.7 years; 100% Aβ‐positive; MMSE 20.9±5.5) and 13 Aβ‐negative HC (7 female; BMI 24.2±3.3; age 70.6±7.5 years; MMSE 29.0±1.0) underwent TSPO‐PET ( 18 F‐GE‐180) and β‐amyloid‐PET imaging (Aβ‐PET; 18 F‐flutemetamol). The brain was parcellated into 218 cortical regions and standardized‐uptake‐value‐ratios (SUVr, cerebellar reference) were calculated for TSPO‐ and Aβ‐PET. Per AD patient, the averaged regional increase of TSPO‐ and Aβ‐PET SUVr (z‐score) was calculated versus HC. We used the function between regional Aβ‐PET and TSPO‐PET SUVr to determine the Aβ‐plaque dependent microglial response (slope) and the Aβ‐plaque independent microglial response (intercept) at the single patient level (Figure 1). All PET read‐outs were compared between sexes and we tested for a moderation effect of sex on the association between BMI and microglial activation, controlled for age. Result In AD the mean cortical TSPO‐PET z‐score of females (+0.69±0.72) was higher when compared to males (+0.30±0.73; p=0.048; Figure 2), whereas Aβ‐PET z‐scores were similar (female: +4.56±1.76; male: +4.44±2.08). The Aβ‐plaque independent microglial response was stronger in females with AD (intercept: +0.35±0.63) when compared to males (‐0.23±0.71; p=0.0024) whereas the Aβ‐plaque dependent microglial response was indifferent between sexes (Figure 2). BMI and the Aβ‐plaque independent microglial response were significantly associated in females (β=0.35, p=0.043) but not in males (β=‐0.02, p=0.940; BMI*sex interaction: F (3,52) =4.77, p=0.0052; Figure 3). Conclusion Females with AD comprise a higher Aβ‐plaque independent microglia response, whereas the microglial response to fibrillar Aβ is indifferent between sexes. BMI is positively associated with the Aβ‐plaque independent microglia response in females with AD but not in males, indicating that sex and BMI need to be considered when studying neuroinflammation in AD.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neoplastic Stomal Obstruction: A Complication of Ureterosigmoidostomy

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1966Neoplastic Stomal Obstruction: A Complication of Ureterosigmoidostomy John A. Kozak, Wilfred E. Watkins, and William R. Jewell John A. KozakJohn A. Kozak More articles by this author , Wilfred E. WatkinsWilfred E. Watkins More articles by this author , and William R. JewellWilliam R. Jewell More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63332-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByLeadbetter G, Zickerman P and Pierce E (2018) Ureterosigmoidostomy and Carcinoma of the ColonJournal of Urology, VOL. 121, NO. 6, (732-735), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1979.Parsons C, Thomas M and Garrett R (2018) Colonic Adenocarcinoma: A Delayed Complication of UreterosigmoidostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 118, NO. 1 Part 1, (31-34), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1977.Rivard J, Bedard A and Dionne L (2018) Colonic Neoplasms Following UreterosigmoidostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 113, NO. 6, (781-786), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1975.Mueller C and Thornbury J (2018) Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Complicating Ureterosigmoidostomy: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureJournal of Urology, VOL. 109, NO. 2, (225-227), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1973.Boyce W (2018) A New Concept Concerning Treatment of Exstrophy of the Bladder: 20 Years LaterJournal of Urology, VOL. 107, NO. 3, (476-489), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1972. Volume 96Issue 5November 1966Page: 691-696 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information John A. Kozak More articles by this author Wilfred E. Watkins More articles by this author William R. Jewell More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Topic: Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The utilization of pEGFP reporter system in cell-cycle analysis of adherent cells

Background and Purpose: GFP (green fluorescent protein) is widely used in a variety of fluorescent methods aimed at revealing the fate of proteins in the cell, intracellular transport, transfection efficiency and is also recommended for cell-cycle analysis purposes. In our attempt to evaluate the role of nm23 genes in proliferation of head and neck tumor cells in culture we have decided to use EGFP reporter system and analyze the DNA content by flow cytometry.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Accounting in Ukraine since independence:<i>Real politik</i>, problems and prospects

This paper is a study of the development of accounting in Ukraine since 1990. Ukraine is one of the states created in post-Soviet space where the problems of economic transition have influenced the development of accounting. Until 1997, accounting was mainly for the purposes of taxation, and the tax inspectorate had a large influence over accounting methodology. During the period 1997-99, when accounting and taxation reporting were separated, there were favourable conditions for the creation of an accounting system appropriate to the business needs of Ukraine, however, this opportunity was not grasped. In 2000 Ukraine implemented national accounting standards based on International Accounting Standards (IAS). It transpired that this was premature. The Ukrainian government is now making attempts to return to calculating taxes on the basis of financial accounting. This paper investigates the influences on the development of accounting since 1990, suggests what might be an appropriate system and ends by suggesting that appropriate accounting reforms could commence if the accounting elite unified and worked with the government in the best national interest. However, this may be unlikely, given the political and economic context.

Topic: Economic Issues in Ukraine
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The quest for the genuine visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): Event‐related potential indications of deviance detection for low‐level visual features

Abstract Research shows that the visual system monitors the environment for changes. For example, a left‐tilted bar, a deviant , that appears after several presentations of a right‐tilted bar, standards , elicits a classic visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): greater negativity for deviants than standards in event‐related potentials (ERPs) between 100 and 300 ms after onset of the deviant. The classic vMMN is contributed to by adaptation; it can be distinguished from the genuine vMMN that, through use of control conditions, compares standards and deviants that are equally adapted and physically identical. To determine whether the vMMN follows similar principles to the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), in two experiments we searched for a genuine vMMN from simple, physiologically plausible stimuli that change in fundamental dimensions: orientation, contrast, phase, and spatial frequency. We carefully controlled for attention and eye movements. We found no evidence for the genuine vMMN, despite adequate statistical power. We conclude that either the genuine vMMN is a rather unstable phenomenon that depends on still‐to‐be‐identified experimental parameters, or it is confined to visual stimuli for which monitoring across time is more natural than monitoring over space, such as for high‐level features. We also observed an early deviant‐related positivity that we propose might reflect earlier predictive processing.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Extraction of neutrino Yukawa parameters from displaced vertices of sneutrinos

We study displaced signatures of sneutrino pairs potentially emerging at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in a Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model supplemented with right-handed neutrinos triggering a Type-I seesaw mechanism. We show how such signatures can be established through a heavy Higgs portal in the presence of both leptonic and hadronic decays of the sneutrinos. We finally illustrate how the Yukawa parameters of the latter can be extracted from fitting kinematical quantities pertaining to the corresponding two displaced vertices, thereby characterising the dynamics of the underlying mechanism of neutrino mass generation. We show our numerical results for the case of both the current and High-Luminosity LHC.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrically-driven nonreciprocal silicon photonic isolator based on monolithically integrated bismuth terbium iron garnet

Photonic isolation is an essential on-chip function needed to stabilize laser operation and prevent cross-talk between different components within a communication system. Monolithically integrated isolator designs incorporate magnetooptical cladding consisting of doped yttrium iron garnet (YIG), such as Ce:YIG and Bi:YIG, where a YIG seedlayer is required prior to the deposition and subsequent crystallization of doped YIG. This adversely impacts isolator performance through reduced mode overlap with the doped YIG layer. Furthermore, the Faraday rotations of YIG and Ce-doped YIG have opposing signs such that they partially cancel out. This work demonstrates a seedlayer-free, monolithic nonreciprocal photonic platform based on an alternative garnet formulation, bismuth doped terbium iron garnet (Bi:TbIG). We further realize on-chip integration of electromagnets to obviate the requirements of external magnets. An isolator based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture is implemented, which records π nonreciprocal phase shift with a driving current of 114 mA. Optical isolation as high as 24 dB is achieved.

Topic: Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Memory conserving efficient methods for solving large sets of stiff differential equations

Solution of large systems of stiff differential equations by the most widely used method, that of Gear, is limited by its requirement for the presence in memory of a Jacobian matrix, which may become intolerably large. Methods of alleviating this situation, believed to be broadly applicable, have been worked out with large metabolic models. One general tactic is to remove from the set of differential equations elements which can be represented instead by algebraic equations: rate equations for enzymes and equilibrium relations for very rapid reactions. Another general tactic is to store efficiently only a part of the sparse Jacobian matrix containing the non-zero elements, which requires the presence of a preprocessor, using algorithms which are given in the paper. The Jacobian matrix may sometimes be represented by a diagonal approximation; this works better with the algebraic methods. Examples of the savings are given. These methods have been incorporated into BIOSSIM, a machine-independent simulation language designed for large biological systems, and in our hands have considerably reduced the cost and difficulty of solving large systems of stiff differential equations.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Placental histological patterns and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in pregnancies complicated by early or late pre-eclampsia

Similar placental abnormalities were present in both EO-PE and LO-PE groups, although with quantitative differences according to GA and UtA Doppler velocimetry at PE onset. Histological patterns were predicted by UtA-PI, independently of GA, supporting the use of UtA Doppler velocimetry as the key criterion in PE classification. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lightning and electrical activity during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 25 in &lt;i&gt;The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska&lt;/i&gt;

Lightning and other electrical activity were measured during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano. We found two phases of the activity, the explosive phase corresponding to the explosive eruptions and the plume phase. We classified the lightning into three types, vent discharges, near-vent lightning, and plume lightning. Vent discharges are small, 10 to 100 m sparks, that occur at rate as great as 10,000 s-1 at the mouth of the volcano during the energetic explosive eruptions. The vent discharges were observed six different times. Near-vent lightning appears to develop upward from the volcanic cone into the developing column during explosions. This lightning is small, in the range of 1 to 7 km, and short, 0.01 to 0.1 s. The behavior of the near-vent lightning indicates an overall positive charge in the ejecta. The plume lightning resembled intracloud thunderstorm lightning. Often it was branched, spanned more than 10 km, and lasted more than 0.5 s.

Topic: Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences