jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Emergency Room and Hospital Care Among Patients With Solid Tumors on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being increasingly used across cancer types. Emergency room (ER) and inpatient (IP) care, common in patients with cancer, remain poorly defined in this specific population, and risk factors for such care are unknown. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts for patients with solid tumors who received &gt;1 ICI dose at 1 of 2 sites from January 1, 2011 to April 28, 2017. Demographics, medical history, cancer diagnosis/therapy/toxicity details, and outcomes were recorded. Descriptive data detailing ER/IP care at the 2 associated hospitals during ICI therapy (from first dose to 3 mo after last dose) were collected. The Fisher exact test and multivariate regression analysis was used to study differences between patients with versus without ER/IP care during ICI treatment. Results: Among 345 patients studied, 50% had at least 1 ER visit during ICI treatment and 43% had at least 1 IP admission. Six percent of ER/IP visits eventually required intensive care. A total of 12% of ER/IP visits were associated with suspected or confirmed immune-related adverse events. Predictors of ER care were African-American race (odds ratio [OR]: 3.83, P =0.001), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 3.12, P =0.007), and coronary artery disease (OR: 2.43, P =0.006). Predictors of IP care were African-American race (OR: 2.38, P =0.024), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 2.29, P =0.045), chronic kidney disease (OR: 3.89, P =0.006), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker medication use (OR: 0.44, P =0.009), and liver metastasis (OR: 2.32, P =0.003). Conclusions: Understanding demographic and clinical risk factors for ER/IP care among patients on ICIs can help highlight disparities, prospectively identify high-risk patients, and inform preventive programs aimed at reducing such care.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Application of modified microbubble test in peripherally inserted central venous catheters tip positioning].

Compared with the chest X-ray localization method, the modified microbubble test method has high sensitivity and specificity in identifying PICC in the position, and the operation is simple, noninvasive, with less time and low cost. The modified microbubble test can be used as a screening test for PICC tip position, especially in ICU. When there are technical limitations or suspicious patient, further chest X-ray is necessary.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
General relationship for the growth of Passivation Layers On Biomaterials

Tissue fluids - especially blood - contain hydroxide ions and oxidize therefore most biomaterials determining their chemical, physical as well as electrochemical properties, especially their biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and polarisation behaviour. As a result the kinetics of the oxide growth, the question of the existance of an equlibrium between oxidation and dissolution and the equlibrium thickness are of paramount importance for the long term stability and performance of implants. In this paper a general relationship for corrosion currents is presented and its use for the determination of corrosion kinetics is discussed. The theory is confirmed by experimental results obtained with hemocompatible materials like titanium, titanium nitride (TiN) and amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiCH).

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Profile of Ocular Manifestations in Pemphigus Pateints

Purpose: To study the ocular manifestations in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP)patients.Methods: Cross-sectional Observational Study was conducted on patients diagnosed with alltypes of pemphigus attending Outpatient Department at Basaveshwara Hospital, Chitradurgafrom December 2021 to September 2022.Exclusion criteria being Patients on chronic antiglaucoma medications, Pre-existing dry eye orxerophthalmic patients, Patients on long-term topical steroids usage in eye, Patients whounderwent previous ocular surgeries, Patients with previous corneal scar.Results: A total of 50 patients of pemphigus were examined. Out of 50, 12 patients had ocularinvolvement. Duration of disease of all patients was more than 6 months. Redness and burningsensation was the most common symptom. The most common ocular signs, being conjunctivalhyperemia, and moderate dry eye. Ocular manifestations are more common with bullouspemphigoid patients than other types.Conclusions: High occurrence of dry eye and conjunctival scarring can lead to visualmorbidity. Thus ocular examination of pemphigus patients prevents long-term sequelae andcomplications.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using a Wizard of Oz study to inform the design of SenToy

We describe the design of an affective control interface, SenToy, a doll with sensors that allows users to control their avatars in an adventure game. A Wizard of Oz study was used early in the design process to find the best relationship between user movements of SenToy and the resulting affective expressions and movements of their avatar on the screenon the screen. The results from the study showed that there are behaviors and gestures that most users will easily pick up to express emotions. It told us which dimensions of movements (distance to screen, movements of limbs, etc.) that work most easily will be picked up by users. We describe in what way the results from the study have affected the design of the SenToy and the hardware requirements. Wizard of Oz studies have previously been used for natural language interface and intelligent agent design and we show that it can also be used in the domain of affective input-device design.

Topic: Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Spatial structure and geographic distribution of major active component in medical herb Dipsacus asperoides population

To study the spatial structure and geographic distribution of major active components in medical herb Dipsacus asperoides population,in Guizhou province,the author obtained the asperosaponinⅥ content among 38 D. asperoides population points. Using spatial statistic and traditional statistic,the spatial variation pattern has been found. Combining the environment variables,it is tried to reveal the geographic distribution rules between group of major active component in medical herb D. asperoides population and group of environmental factors. The results show: the spatial structure of major active component in medical herb D. asperoides population is randomly distributed in global space,but has two aggregation points which have a high positive correlation in local space; environmental factors value for group of major active component in medical herb D. asperoides population has a large difference in the interior-group,but environmental factors value has a small difference in inter-group.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nanosized Carbonate-Doped TiO<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub> Mesocrystals for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Removal of Water Pollutants

Nonaqueous sol–gel routes are considered to be effective alternatives to aqueous approaches for producing nanostructured metal oxides with desired morphologies and intriguing photo-electronic properties for harvesting and converting solar energy to alleviate serious problems of water pollution. Despite significant progress, the exploration of green and recyclable organic solvents for producing functional nanostructures of metal oxides remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that by utilizing ethyl formate, which is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and widely employed in the food industry, as the sole solvent, nanosized carbonate-doped TiO2–x mesocrystals could be controllably fabricated via nonaqueous solvothermal reactions and subsequent calcination in air at moderate temperatures. Such a green solvent of ethyl formate could be recycled and further used at least three more times, with the mesocrystalline architecture of the precipitated anatase crystals well retained, illustrating its high effectiveness in mesocrystal production with a minimized impact on the environment. Owing to their carbonate-doped, oxygen-deficient, and mesocrystalline nature, the as-synthesized nanosized carbonated-doped TiO2–x mesocrystals exhibited strengthened light harvesting and bolstered photogenerated electron–hole separation and thus displayed a noticeable enhancement on photocatalytic activity toward the removal of the water pollutants sulfathiazole and CrVI under visible-light irradiation.

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mycobiota of Pinus pinaster associated with Pine Wilt Disease

Pine wilt disease (PWD), one of the most threatening diseases to coniferous forests worldwide, results from the complex interaction between the causal agent, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the insect-vector belonging to the genus Monochamus and the Pinus spp. tree host. In the later stages of PWD, PWN undertakes an obligatory mycetophagous phase, feeding on the fungi that colonize the declining trees. Limited studies available indicate that the fungi dominating dead pines, in particular blue-stain fungi assigned to the order Ophiostomatales, may mediate the development and the population of PWN carried by the insect vector. Our aim is to identify and characterise the culturable fungal community of Pinus pinaster putatively associated with the PWN lifecycle. A total of 109 fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic and asymptomatic P. pinaster collected in a PWD-affected area in Seia (northwest of Portugal) from which representative isolates of each putative species were characterized on the basis of morphology and selected molecular markers (e.g. internal transcribed spacer, ITS; partial b-tubulin gene, tub; and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, tef) for phylogenetic inference. Our preliminary data show that fungal communities of symptomatic P. pinaster are less biodiverse and dominated by Ophiostomatales in contrast with the communities of asymptomatic P. pinaster trees. Exploring the diversity of multispecies interactions in PWD provides valuable insights into the successful invasion and adaptation of PWN. This work was conducted as part of the national project PineEnemy: Exploring the NEmatode-MYcobiota interactions in Pine Wilt Disease (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028724) which focus on the characterisation of the structure and dynamics of the nematode-fungi interactions and to which extent can be targeted to disrupt the disease cycle.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Two Cases of Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Microdeletion of the Chromosome 7 Long Arm

Purpose: We report ocular manifestations in two patients with 7q microdeletion. Case summary: (Case 1) A 62-day-old male infant was admitted to the ophthalmology outpatient department for ocular examination after being diagnosed with microdeletion of chromosome seven (7q36.2q36.3 deletion) in DNA microarray comparative genomic hybridization (DNA microarray CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests. Fundus examination showed optic disc hypoplasia in both eyes and retinopathy of prematurity, accompanied by retinal hemorrhage in his right eye. Around the age of 24 months, the patient was diagnosed with intermittent exotropia with anisometropia and was prescribed spectacles. (Case 2) A 3-year-old male infant was referred to the ophthalmology clinic to evaluate poor fixation, which was found during rehabilitation therapy for cerebral palsy and developmental delay. Fundus examination showed an increased cup/disc ratio bilaterally. A flash visual evoked potential test indicated a decrease in amplitude in his right eye. Intermittent exotropia of forty prism diopters was observed. DNA microarray CGH and FISH tests performed at another hospital revealed microdeletion of chromosome seven (7q35 microdeletion) and CNTNAP2 gene loss. Conclusions: When genetic anomalies associated with ocular development are identified, it is necessary to detect the ophthalmic abnormalities early and provide the appropriate treatment to allow for the development of normal visual function.

Topic: Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diabetes Type I - Stem Cells Transplantation a Choice Therapy

Diabetes is a group of diseases which creates peculiarly high level of glucose in blood due to gradual destruction of beta cells by body own immune system. Regardless of advancement in accepting the original disease mechanisms for type 1 diabetes, there is still a scarcity of efficient therapies for diabetes. In current existence researchers have been trying to find out ways for replacement of beta cells or beta cell

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of affective reactions by an out-group on preferences for crossed categorization discussion partners.

The authors experimentally examined the effects of positive or negative affect from an out-group (O) on preferences for the 4 crossed categorization targets-in-group-in-group (ii), in-group-out-group (io), out-group-in-group (Oi), and out-group-out-group (oo)-as discussion partners. Study 1 induced affect with compliments; Study 2 used insults; Study 3 cross-culturally assessed the effects of both types of affect. Preferences for the target who possessed a category membership that matched the out-group source of affect on 1 dimension of categorization (Oi) were increased by compliments and decreased by insults. Confirming predictions, positive affect produced a hierarchical rejection pattern (ii = Oi > io > oo). Negative affect produced a hierarchical acceptance pattern (ii > io > Oi = oo). All 3 control conditions yielded an additivity pattern (ii > io = oi > oo).

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Revolutionising fabrication advances and applications of 3D printing with composite materials: a review

A detailed analysis of cutting-edge 3D printing technology and composite materials’ transformational potential in numerous industries. These mixes outperform single-substance composites in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, aerospace, medical, and construction. This study vividly depicts technology's creativity and excitement, investigating future possibilities. It examines how 3D printing print speeds affect quality and efficiency. From 40 to 150 (mm/s), Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) tests print speed and output quality, including layer adhesion and resolution. This study examines print speed in different methods. Speed aspects like laser power and material characteristics are investigated in powder-based printing technologies like selective laser sintering (SLS) and Multi Jet Fusion (MJF), where layer processing times are used. According to the study, speed, material qualities, and goal print quality must be balanced to improve production efficiency and product performance. This extensive study illuminates improving 3D printing settings for increased commercial and industrial production, highlighting composite material 3D printing's potential.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-Index Dynamic Optimization Method for Enterprise Evaluation Based on Correlation Constraints

Most of the current enterprise evaluation methods are based on a comprehensive index system. However, there are significant differences in the evaluation effectiveness of indicators and the difficulty of obtaining index data, which determines that a unified and comprehensive Index system cannot be adopted for different enterprises. Therefore, how to dynamically screen out the index with the least acquisition cost, meet the evaluation needs and not destroy the index relationship from the index system of related fields has become a significant problem. The current research results usually assume that the index is independent of each other and rarely consider the correlation constraints between different indexes. For this reason, this paper proposes a multi-index optimization problem based on correlation constraints (Multi-Index Optimization Based on Relevance Constraints, MIO-RC). MIO-RC is based on the evaluation value of each index, and the cost of index acquisition then selects the index set with the minimum cost that satisfies the expected contribution value. MIO-RC problem defines the correlation constraints between various evaluation indicators and defines a dynamic contribution value function based on enterprise characteristics and correlation indicators. In this paper, the MIO-RC problem is an NP-hard problem, and an IR-GA algorithm based on a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the MIO-RC problem under different constraints. Finally, this paper conducts a verification analysis based on many enterprise data sets. The experimental results show that: in terms of performance, compared with the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm evolution algorithm, the IR-GA algorithm converges faster.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
AI Techniques for Detecting and Diagnosing COVID-19

The new Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) which has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) has now spread all over the world. As per the few examinations, the COVID-19 has side effects like dry cough, sore throat, fever, gentle to direct respiratory disease and muscle throbs. The COVID-19 causes an adverse consequence on the lungs, it very well may be analyzed utilizing X-rays and CT scans of the lungs. As COVID-19 diagnosing is the lengthy process for testing and the vast majority of the strategies that are proposed might give false-positive and false-negative result. This paper predominantly points on the investigation and survey of the execution of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques that are utilized to forestall and control the spread of coronavirus all across the world.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Some Fatty Acids on the Serotonin <i>N</i>‐Acetyltransferase Activity in Cultured Chick Pineal Glands

Low concentrations of aracbidonate, oleate, or palmitate signficantly affected the cycle of NAT activity of cultured chick pineal glands in different ways. The effects observed were altered by change of the lighting conditions of culture. Effects of arachidonate were also shown to be altered by change of the serum component of the culture medium. Effects of premature exposure to light of glands cultured under diurnal conditions of illumination were changed markedly by substitution of the serum component of the medium or a supplement of ionophore A23187 and less markedly by supplements of fatty acids.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Prospective and adaptive management of small Combined Heat and Power systems in buildings

In the context of current promotion of Distributed Generation (DG), micro Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems for single or small ensembles of (residential) buildings are seen advantageous to combine both decentralized generation and rather high overall efficiency. The latter presupposes intelligent management strategies which have to mediate between energy cost minimization and user comfort aspects. A flexible and auto-adaptive approach of such kind of energy and load management was developed and first results are shown with several operational examples gained from simulation based verification.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inquiry-Based Learning in the Arts

The foundational publications on inquiry-based learning (inter alia, Huber 2009) demonstrate that there is a clear overlap between the emancipatory objectives of the higher education didactic principle, which has been discussed since the 1970s, and educational concepts in the fine arts: Students' self-responsibility and independence regarding their methods and topics, practice and experience as a productive aspect or the necessity that the activity have social relevance are some of the aspects that both educational concepts have in common. The objective of engaging in a process of constantly questioning any existing statement with inquiry-based learning can also be associated with concepts that have been valid in the arts since the 1960s.

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Hagiography and historiography: the long shadow of Edward the Confessor

When present-day visitors to the Houses of Parliament pass through St. Stephen's Hall, which connects medieval Westminster Hall with the Central Lobby and the House of Commons, they see on its walls a series of large murals centered around the theme “The Building of Britain.” Created in 1927, these paintings portray scenes associated with the history of parliament in general and the House of Commons in particular. Visitors who know their English history will appreciate the inclusion of depictions such as Sir Thomas More's refusal to grant Henry VIII a subsidy without proper debate in the Commons. And the very knowledgable will associate St. Stephen's Hall itself with the history of parliament, since St. Stephen's Chapel served as the meeting place of the Commons from 1547 until the great fire of 1834.

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Relaxation of the conductivity of CsI-Tl after excitation by subnanosecond electron pulses

The pulsed conductivity is investigated for a CsI-Tl crystal having a Tl+ concentration N=8×1017cm−3 and excited by an electron beam (0.2 MeV, 50 ps, 102–104 A/cm 2). It is shown that the amplitude of the conduction current pulse is almost an order of magnitude lower than for “pure” CsI crystals irradiated under like conditions. The conduction current relaxation time is preserved up to τ=100 ps in this case. Under the experimental conditions, therefore, the lifetime of electrons in the conduction band is controlled by trapping at Tl+ centers. The electron capture cross section at a Tl+ center is determined: σ=7×10−16 cm2, which agrees in order of magnitude with estimates of the capture cross section for a neutral trapping center.

Topic: Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences