jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predicting Human Mobility via Self-Supervised Disentanglement Learning

Deep neural networks have recently achieved considerable improvements in learning human behavioral patterns and individual preferences from massive spatial-temporal trajectory data. However, most of the existing research concentrates on fusing different semantics underlying sequential trajectories for mobility pattern learning which, in turn, yields a narrow perspective on comprehending human intrinsic motions. In addition, the inherent sparsity and under-explored heterogeneous collaborative items pertaining to human check-ins hinder the potential exploitation of human diverse periodic regularities as well as common interests. Motivated by recent advances in disentanglement learning, we propose a novel disentangled solution called SSDL for tackling the next POI prediction problem. SSDL primarily seeks to disentangle the potential time-invariant and time-varying factors into different latent spaces from massive trajectories, providing an interpretable view to understand the intricate semantics underlying human diverse mobility representations. To address the data sparsity issue, we present two realistic trajectory augmentation approaches to enhance the understanding of both the human intrinsic periodicity/habits and constantly-changing intents. In addition, we devise a POI-centric graph structure to explore heterogeneous collaborative signals underlying historical check-ins. Extensive experiments conducted on four real-world datasets demonstrate that SSDL significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches–for example, it yields up to 8.57% averaged improvement on ACC@1.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Methods for Characterizing Human Coronary Artery Deformation From Cardiac-Gated Computed Tomography Data

Accurate quantification of changes in length, curvature, and bifurcation angles of coronary arteries due to cardiac motion is important for the design of coronary stents. A new method is developed to describe the dynamic characteristics of the human coronary artery. From cardiac-gated computed tomography (CT) data, 3-D surface geometry and centerline paths of the coronary arteries were constructed. For quantification of strain and twisting deformation, 3-D distortion-free vessel straightening and landmark matching algorithms were developed to compute the relative translation and rotation of distal landmarks with respect to a proximal landmark. For quantification of bending deformation, change in curvature was measured by computing a best-fit torus in the region of interest within a coronary segment. The optimal torus parameters were estimated by minimizing the standard deviation of distances from the surface mesh to the centerline of the torus. The angle between branch vessels was measured using linear fitting of centroid sets from the cross-sectional vessel lumen. The proposed methods were verified using a software phantom and applied to two patient specific CT datasets. Vascular deformations derived from these methods can provide information for designing bench-top tests for endovascular devices that better replicate the in vivo environment, thereby improving device performance prediction and leading to more durable designs.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Technological And Economical Aspects Of Arc Welding Of AL 5754

Aluminium and its alloys represent very important group of structural materials.They have many applications in mechanical and civil engineering, and welding is considered to be one of the most important joining techniques.However, welding of aluminium has several issues, like high thermal conductivity and easy formation of oxide layer with high melting temperature.Recently, solid state friction stir welding process has been developed to overcome such issues, but it is not easily applicable in every situation.Therefore, welding of aluminium still greatly relies on arc welding.Among commonly used TIG and MIG processes, pulsed MIG (and its variants) are developed to fulfil requests regarding heat input and oxide layer removal during welding.This paper gives brief general overview of technical and technological aspects of these processes, and then more details regarding welding of widely used aluminium 5754 alloy with thickness of 4 mm.Comparison of relevant costs is given as well.All welds were made using digitally controlled equipment, while voltage and current were additionally measured.Based on evaluation of welds and calculated costs, conclusion regarding feasibility of each process is given.

Topic: Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Painting the Colonial Folly

The intention of this work is to present an alternative view of colonial architecture within a notional Tasmanian Garden of Eden. It does this by juxtaposing images from Dors Paradise Lost (1866) with stylised trees from a painting by John Glover (1832) and 19th century botanical illustrations of apple varieties. Flat, highly coloured geometric shapes intrude on this landscape to represent exotic architecture. A wide variety of technique, including UV printing, spray gun and oil painting amplify the disjunctive presence of these imaginary follies. The picturing of the follies as unstable forms suggests that heritage values are contestable, unfixed and ultimately subject to the whims of changing societal attitudes.

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ResNet-50 Transfer Learning Model for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Detection Using Thermal Images

Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a major global healthcare challenge, entailing substantial costs and increased mortality rates. The aim of this work is to develop a ResNet-50 transfer learning model for DFU detection using thermal images. The ResNet-50 transfer learning model is fine-tuned to adapt its pre-trained features to DFU detection, yielding improved accuracy and dataset generalisation. The developed model achieves 90.52% accuracy, 92.06% precision, 96.97% AUC, and 92.06% recall, showing significant performance gains. Furthermore, a 7% increase in accuracy is observed in comparison to the previous state-of-the-art. This work presents substantial enhancements in DFU detection accuracy, highlighting the potential of deep learning and data augmentation in medical image analysis. The developed model's improved performance underscores its relevance for clinical applications, suggesting its potential to enhance patient care and outcomes.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acute intravenous acyl ghrelin infusion induces thirst but does not affect sodium excretion: two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies in hypopituitary patients

Objective Acyl ghrelin, which is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, potently stimulates pituitary growth hormone release, and to some degree adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin. Ghrelin is also orexigenic and has recently been shown to stimulate renal sodium absorption in rodent models. Increased thirst sensation has been observed as a side effect of acyl ghrelin administration in some human studies. The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the direct effects of acyl ghrelin on thirst sensation and sodium excretion in hypopituitary patients. Design Hypopituitary patients on stable replacement with hydrocortisone and growth hormone were investigated in two double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover studies. The patients received a 5-h intravenous infusion of acyl ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min in the first study and 1 pmol/kg/min in the second study). Thirst sensation was measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In the second study plasma osmolality, vasopressin, copeptin, water intake, diuresis and urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine were measured. Results In the initial study, acyl ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min) increased thirst sensation (time × treatment analysis of variance for the effect of acyl ghrelin infusion P = 0.003). In the second study acyl ghrelin (1 pmol/kg/min) also increased thirst ( P = 0.04) but did not affect urinary excretion of either sodium or water. Conclusions We demonstrate that acyl ghrelin infusion increases thirst sensation, without affecting sodium excretion or diuresis in human subjects.

Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Migraine, A study of environmental and intrapersonal factors

A study was carried out of 45 migrainous patients with visually induced migraine (VIM), and 25 migrainous students, each having an age and sex matched control. The study utilised questionnaires, interviews, electroencephalography (EEG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP). The experimental work and analysis was carried out in the Neuropsychology Unit in collaboration with the Birmingham Migraine Clinic, over a period of five years. The study suggests: 1. The literature on a possible relationship between migraine and epilepsy hitherto published is unreliable (supporting evidence is given). 2. That a much greater precision is needed in defining migraine for research purposes. 3. A revised methodology for the selection of controls is needed and this is proposed. 4. That despite what are now seen to be superficial similarities, there are clear distinctions of a fundamental nature between photo-sensitive epilepsy (PSE) and VIM. 5. Caution be used when taking headache as a symptom, since many of the precipitants of migrainous headache can also precipitate non-migrainous headache (NMH). 6. The list of visual precipitants of migraine is expanded (particularly flicker and pattern). 7. That colour (principally red) is a previously unreported precipitant of migraine. 8. The extended range of responses to flicker (the 'H' response) has no significant difference in its frequency of occurrence in patients and normal controls, which contradicts previous literature. 9. The mechanisms thought to underlie migraine serve to explain previously unexplained EEG findings. 10. Further research is needed and proposed.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neutrophil toxicity and primary prophylaxis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP

e19548 Background: Three weekly R-CHOP therapy is regarded as standard treatment in advanced stage Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with low to intermediate-risk International prognostic index (IPI). This regimen is associated with intermediate risk (10–20%) of febrile neutropenia. Primary prophylaxis with colony-stimulating factor (CSFs) is therefore not recommended except in the presence of high risk factors as defined in the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network guidelines for use of myeloid growth factors v.1.2008. It is however well realized that a significant number of good risk patients will still develop significant neutrophil toxicity. Methods: This observational study was conducted at Oncology department Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, on fifty good risk patients of advanced stage DLBCL, treated with R-CHOP regimen without primary CSFs prophylaxis. NCI Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0 was used for grading toxicity and significant neutrophil toxicity was defined as Grade 4 neutropenia between day 7 and 10 post therapy, febrile neutropenia and Grade 2 or more neutrophil toxicity persisting on day 1 of next cycle. Good risk patients were recruited by the following exclusion criteria: WHO Performance status scale 4, concurrent immunosuppressive drug therapy, abnormal hepatic or renal functions and inadequate hematological values. Results: 10(20%) patients, developed significant neutrophil toxicity. In this group 7(70%) had grade 4 neutropenia and 3(30%) patients developed febrile neutropenia. 8(80%) of these patients developing significant toxicity had WHO Performance scale ≥ 2. 2(20%) patients developing Grade 4 toxicity between days 7 and 10 post therapy had good performance status (0 or 1) and toxicity resolved by next cycle without getting complicated to febrile neutropenia. Conclusions: Performance status in terms of scale has not been defined in the high risk factors for developing febrile neutropenia in the NCCN guidelines on myeloid growth factors use. We observed that DLBCL patients with WHO performance status scale ≥ 2 treated with R-CHOP therapy at 3 weekly intervals are at greatest risk for developing significant neutrophil toxicity and febrile neutropenia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: Neutropenia and Cancer Infections
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of a Competitive Solvent on Binding Enthalpy\nand Chain Intermixing in Hydrogen-Bonded Layer-by-Layer Films

This work is focused on the effect\nof a small-molecule/hydrogen-bonding\ncompetitor on the heat of complexation of hydrogen-bonding polymers\nin aqueous solutions, as well as on deposition of these molecules\nwithin layer-by-layer (LbL) films. Specifically, binding between poly­(methacrylic\nacid) (PMAA) and poly­(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) under acidic conditions\nin the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been explored. Isothermal\ntitration calorimetry showed that with increasing concentration of\nDMSO in aqueous solution, the positive enthalpy of formation of PMAA/PVP\ncomplexes decreased and switched sign at ∼25 vol % DMSO. This\nchange is interpreted as a transition from endothermal association\nbetween PMAA and PVP in water, driven by release of solvation water\nmolecules, to exothermic association driven by the enthalpy of interpolymer\nhydrogen bonding. This switch is interpreted as destruction of polymer\nhydration shells by DMSO molecules. The content of DMSO also strongly\nimpacted the growth of LbL films. With an increase in DMSO concentration\nfrom 0 to 60 vol %, polymer mass deposited within the bilayer increased,\nwhile larger DMSO concentrations suppressed film deposition. The effect\nof DMSO was also revealed in neutron reflectometry measurements, which\nshowed enhanced interpenetration of deuterated PMAA chains within\na hydrogenated LbL matrix at increasing concentration of DMSO. The\ndependence of film intermixing on DMSO content was strongly history\ndependent. While assembly of LbL films in aqueous solutions followed\nby exposure to a mixed solvent post-assembly did not significantly\ninfluence the internal film structure, the effect of DMSO on film\nintermixing was strongest when DMSO was present in the film deposition\nsolutions.

Topic: Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Customer complaints handling system: Key issues and concerns

This paper reports a critical examination of the customer complaints handling system in a flavourings manufacturer. The findings revealed that the customer complaints, termed areas of concern (AOCs), were not of a recurring nature but due to the recurrence of root causes, namely manpower and method-related problems. These were due to inadequacies in the AOC handling system (i.e. poor categorization, lack of preventive action follow-up and inadequate AOC data analysis) and company environment (i.e. lack of employee motivation, inadequate education and training, poor communication and ineffective internal customer-supplier relationships). It was also found that a substantial number of AOCs arose due to problems at the latter end of the company's internal customer-supplier chain. This was partly due to the susceptibility of the associated areas to potential errors and also as a consequence of their relative proximity to the external customers. This emphasized the importance of the internal AOC system and its use as a preventive mechanism to eliminate the occurrence of external AOCs.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Stratifying risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation following balloon cryoablation using the CAAP‐AF risk scoring system

Abstract Objective To determine if the CAAP‐AF tool could be applied to a cohort of patients in the United States undergoing cryoablation or AF utilizing second‐generation cryoballoons. Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major source of morbidity and expense, with over 33 million individuals affected worldwide and over 450 000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Catheter ablation for AF is a class I indication for patients with symptomatic AF. The ability to predict postablation recurrence would have an enormous impact on both patient outcomes and cost to the health care system. Methods Our study was an observational, single‐center retrospective study to evaluate the utility of the CAAP‐AF risk scoring system in predicting recurrence of AF following second‐generation balloon cryoablation for AF. Results There were a total of 235 patients. From the initial cohort, 30.2% (71) had a recurrence of AF within 1 year of the cryoablation procedure. There was a statistically significant increase in mean age, left atrial diameter, left atrial volume index, CHADS 2 , CHADS 2 ‐VASc, and number of antiarrhythmics failed in the group that had recurrence of AF. There was also a statistically significant increase in the CAAP‐AF score in patients who had recurrence of AF. Conclusions The CAAP‐AF score predicted the freedom from AF 1 year following cryoablation for AF. The CAAP‐AF score can aid in selecting patients most likely to benefit from cryoablation, which includes patients with a low CAAP‐AF score, as they are most likely to remain AF free at 1 year.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The isolation and purification of surface specific proteins of somatic and reproductive protoplasts of lily and rapeseed

The plasma membrane surface proteins of intact somatic (leaf) and reproductive (pollen, generative cell or sperm cell) protoplasts of lily ( Lilium longiflorum ) and rapeseed ( Brassica napus cv. Midas) were compared after probing with N‐hydroxysuccinimido‐ (NHS) or sulfo‐NHS‐biotin. The plasma membranes of intact protoplasts are impermeable to these biotin probes, which bind covalently to the free amino groups of surface proteins. Enzyme‐labelled streptavidin was used to detect membrane proteins after separation by SDS‐PAGE and western blotting. In lily, six proteins specific to the surface membrane of leaf protoplasts were identified varying from 25–64 kDa, three proteins to pollen protoplasts in the range 35–64 kDa and two proteins to generative cell protoplasts, 63 and 67 kDa. In rapeseed leaf protoplasts, seven proteins in the range 22–69 kDa were detected, while in the sperm enriched fraction five proteins were present in the same kDa range. The proteins identified as membrane specific for generative cell protoplasts of lily have been isolated and were used as antigens for monoclonal antibody production. Preliminary results indicate the successful production of antibodies to surface antigens. These antibodies will be used to localise surface specific epitopes which are likely to be involved in cell‐cell recognition at fertilization.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of Cell-Associated Plasminogen Activation Catalyzed by Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator, but Independent of Urokinase Receptor (uPAR, CD87)

The 55-kD urokinase (uPA) receptor (uPAR, CD87) is capable of binding uPA and may be involved in regulating cell-associated plasminogen activation and pericellular proteolysis. While investigating the relationship between uPAR levels and plasmin generation, we found that uPA-catalyzed plasminogen activation is stimulated by cells which do not express uPAR. This uPAR-independent mechanism appears to be at least as effective in vitro as uPAR-dependent stimulation, such that stimulation on the order of 30-fold was observed, resulting from improvements in both apparent kcat and apparent Km. The mechanism depends on simultaneous binding of both uPA and plasminogen to the cell and requires the presence of the amino-terminal fragment (ATF), available in single chain and two chain high-molecular-weight uPA, but not low-molecular-weight uPA. Stimulation was observed in all leukemic cell lines investigated at similar optimum concentrations of 106to 107 cells/mL and may be more general. A mechanism is proposed whereby uPA can associate with binding sites on the cell surface of lower affinity, but higher capacity than uPAR, but these are sufficient to stimulate plasmin generation even at subphysiologic uPA concentrations. This mechanism is likely to operate under conditions commonly used for in vitro studies and may have some significance in vivo.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study in Early Māturīdite Theology: Abū l-Yusr al-Bazdawī (d. 493/1100) and His Discourse on God’s Speech

Abstract Abū l-Yusr al-Bazdawī (d. 493/1100) was a notable early Māturīdite theologian who made an important contribution to the formation of his school by embracing kalām and promoting the image of al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944) as a Sunnite leader when the science was not yet popular in his region of Transoxania. This produced some tension in his thought as he negotiated rationalist and traditionalist doctrines and their adherents. Indications of this are found in his discussion of God’s speech in which he argues for the Sunnite doctrine of eternal divine speech while effectively affirming the createdness of scriptures; at the same time, he defends those who assert the uncreatedness of the Quran and maintains that God’s speech is truly written, memorized, recited, and heard.

Topic: Medieval and Classical Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of calcium and A23187 on deformability and volume of human red blood cells.

Human red blood cells treated in vitro with Ca2+ plus A23187 in low K+ medium exhibited significantly decreased cell volume and deformability, the latter determined by ektacytometry. These effects of Ca2+ plus A23187 were prevented in the presence of high K+ medium. Increased K+ permeability mediated by increased intracellular Ca2+ (Gardos effect) was apparently responsible for decreased cell volume and deformability in low K+ medium. Although it is commonly accepted that Ca2+ accumulation and/or ATP depletion per se cause decreased red blood cell deformability, the present results demonstrate that acutely induced changes in red blood cell volume as promoted by Ca2+ are a more important determinant of red blood cell deformability.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences