jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on applications simulated via using lattice Boltzmann method

The present doctoral thesis is about the numerical investigation simulated via using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), the applications cover a large scale of subjects, including&#13;\n1. Mathematical-physical equations&#13;\nA new lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) 9-bit model is presented to solve mathematical-physical equations, such as, Laplace equation, Poisson equation, Wave equation and Burgers equation. The main benefits of the new model proposed is that is faster than the previous existing models and has a better accuracy.&#13;\n2. Lid-driven isosceles right-angled triangular cavity&#13;\nWe employ lattice Boltzmann simulation to numerically investigate the two-dimensional incompressible flow inside a right-angled isosceles triangular enclosure driven by the tangential motion of its hypotenuse. We analyze the bifurcation sequence that takes the flow from steady to periodic and then quasi-periodic and show that the invariant torus is finally destroyed in a period-doubling cascade of a phase-locked limit cycle. As a result, a strange attractor arises that induces chaotic dynamics.&#13;\n3. Improvements for the numerical stability of original LBM&#13;\nIn order to study the flow behavior at high Reynolds numbers, two modified models, known as the multiple relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM) and large-eddy-simulation lattice Boltzmann method (LESLBM), have been employed. The MRT-LBM was designed to improve numerical stability at high Reynolds numbers, by introducing multiple relaxation time terms, which consider the variations of density, energy, momentum, energy flux and viscous stress tensor. The LES-LBM model implements the large eddy simulation turbulent model into the conventional LBM, allowing to study the flow at turbulent Reynolds numbers. LES-LBM combined with Quadruple-tree Cartesian cutting grid (tree grid) was employed for the first time to characterize the flow dynamics over a cylinder and a hump, at relatively high Reynolds numbers.

Topic: Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
F-18 FDG PHANTOM STUDY TO EVALUATE MOLECULAR COINCIDENCE DETECTION (MCD) SYSTEM RESOLUTION AND SENSITIVITY

Atay, S.; Luo, J.; Abdel-Dayem, H. M.; Kumar, M.; Degirmenci, B.; El-Zeftawy, H.; Naddaf, S. Author Information

Topic: Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synaesthesia or Vivid Imagery? A Single Case fMRI Study of Visually Induced Olfactory Perception

The most common form of synaesthesia is grapheme–colour synaesthesia. However, rarer forms of synaesthesia also exist, such as word–gustatory and olfactory–gustatory synaesthesia, whereby a word or smell will induce a specific. In this study we describe a single individual (LJ) who experiences a concurrent olfactory stimulus when presented with congruent visual images. For some visual stimuli, he perceives a strong and automatic olfactory percept, which has existed throughout his life. In this study, we explore whether his experiences are a new form of synaesthesia or simply vivid imagery. Unlike other forms of synaesthesia, the concurrent odour is congruent to the visual inducer. For example, a photograph of dress shoes will elicit the smell of leather. We presented LJ and several control participants with 75 images of everyday objects. Their task was to indicate the strength of any perceived odours induced by the visual images. LJ rated several of the images as inducing a concurrent odour, while controls did not have any such percept. Images that LJ reported as inducing the strongest odours were used, along with colour-matched control images, in the context of an fMRI experiment. Participants were given a one-back task to maintain attention. A block-design odour localizer was presented to localize the piriform cortex (primary olfactory cortex). We found an increased BOLD response in the piriform cortex for the odour-inducing images compared to the control images in LJ. There was no difference in BOLD response between these two stimulus types in the control participants. A subsequent olfactory imagery task did not elicit enhanced activity in the piriform cortex in LJ, suggesting his perceptual experiences may not be based on olfactory imagery.

Topic: Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Long QT syndrome: beyond making a diagnosis

Abstract Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an uncommon, but important, cause of ventricular arrhythmias. The diagnosis is straightforward in symptomatic patients with marked QT prolongation on a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). However, in many patients, the ECG findings are dynamic, and to make the diagnosis, clinicians need to be aware of suggestive features. The greatest challenge in managing these patients is risk stratification for a sudden arrhythmic event. Beta-blockers have been shown to reduce the risk for ventricular arrhythmias in all genotype-positive patients, regardless of 12-lead ECG findings. For patients in whom beta-blockers are contraindicated, left cardiac sympathetic denervation may be a useful therapy. Implantable cardioverter–defibrillators have a role to play in preventing sudden cardiac death, although their use should be balanced with associated complications and psychological impact. Population screening for LQTS remains controversial. Screening of first-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome is recommended, but population screening is not currently undertaken in the United Kingdom.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lonely SARTs: loneliness and sustained attention in the Irish longitudinal study of aging

Based on biologically plausible mechanisms and previous research, it is possible to hypothesize a reciprocal association between sustained attention and loneliness. We investigated this association using a cross-lagged modeling approach. Using data from 6,239 participants aged over 50 in TILDA, a nationally representative study of aging, we used structural equation models to investigate potential cross-lagged associations between sustained attention and loneliness, measured at baseline and again after four years. Sustained attention at baseline had a small association with loneliness four years later, but loneliness at baseline was not associated with sustained attention at follow-up. Auto-regressive associations were strong for both loneliness over time and sustained attention over time. Sustained attention may account for a small proportion of the variance in loneliness over time among older adults, and may constitute a risk factor in the development of loneliness. Implications for the identification of at-risk individuals and the prevention of loneliness are discussed.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Distributed Diffusion-Oriented Cooperation for Power Sharing in Self-Expanding Microgrids

This paper proposes a multiagent-based distributed self-organizing control scheme that will enable the power sharing of massive renewable distributed generators (DG) in a low-voltage microgird. The proposed fully distributed self-organizing control strategy can achieve effective power sharing challenge among massive DGs by adopts a peer-to-peer diffusion protocol, in which DGs from the same neighborhood are allowed to communicate with each other at every iteration. Furthermore, learning adaptability via automatic agent discovery is proposed to alter topologies as a result of incoming or outgoing DGs in the microgird network. The resulting algorithm is distributed, cooperative and able to respond in real time to changes in the environment. Eventually, the proposed algorithm is superior over consensus algorithms in terms of convergence speed and utilizes reduced communication infrastructure compared to centralized controllers. The proposed approach can handle networks of different size and topology using the information about the number of nodes which is also evaluated in a distributed fashion. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified under various scenarios by a modified IEEE 34-bus test network.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison of Chlorhexidine Effect on Tensile Bond Strength to the Dentin of Two Step Self-etch Adhesives with and without Fluoride [this is a suggested title]

Background and Objective: Pre-treatment of the tooth surface with chlorhexidine may decrease the harmful effects of the residual bacteria in the cavity. This study determined the effects of chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine and fluoride on the microtensible bond strength of two-stage self-etch adhesives to the dentin.
Subjects and Methods: In this in vitro trial, 20 extracted human molars were cut and after dentin exposure; were assigned to 4 groups. With or without the application of chlorhexidine, self-etch adhesives of Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil Liner Bond F were applied to the dentin surface and the teeth were restored with composite. The teeth were stored at 37 °C and 100% moisture for 1 week and received 5000 thermal cycles. Sections with the dimensions of 1×1×10 mm were obtained from teeth. The sections glued to the jig of the microtensile testing machine and their microtensile bond strengths were recorded.
Results: No significant differences were found in terms of microtensile bond strengths with and without the application of chlorhexidine for the Clearfil SE Bond (17.88±5.73 vs. 20.53±4.22 MPa) and Clearfil Liner Bond F adhesives (32.09±9.48 vs. 32.03±6.93 MPa). The analysis of variance and Tukey test was used to analyze relationships among variables.
Conclusion: Due to the antimicrobial properties of chlorhexidine and insignificant effects of its application on the microtensile bond strength; it was recommended to be used with the two-step self-etch adhesives in clinical conditions.

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Dengue Viral Protein Interaction Study Derived Immune Epitope for In-Silico Vaccine Design

Dengue viral illness is communicated to humans through the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This disease may become lethal in numerous patients. The availability of an efficacious vaccine makes alarm for public healthcare. The dengue virus multiplied inside the host framework involved many host-viral protein interactions. This immunoinformatics study was designed for the prediction of immune epitopes for T cell-mediated immunity. The epitopes are anticipated from the most connecting viral protein with humans. We utilized a couple of epitope mapping tools for the determination of immunodominant epitope for vaccine design. The physical interaction between epitope ligand and receptor MHC class I alleles was analyzed in the molecular docking study. This study was concluded that two epitopes (‘SRAIWYMWL’ and ‘FLEFEALGF’) are suitable for the designing of an efficacious multi-epitope vaccine. The clinical validation is considered necessary for the final confirmation of vaccine potency.

Topic: vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supraglottoplasty in patients with Exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO)

<b>Introduction:</b> Exercise Induced Inspiratory Symptoms (EIIS) are often confused with symptoms of exercise induced asthma. EIIS is related to laryngeal obstruction in most patients, and was previously attributed to inappropriate adduction of the vocal cords, hence the old label VCD. However, exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) primarily involves supraglottic structures in a majority of patients with EIIS. Therefore, surgical treatment (supraglottoplasty) has been performed in highly selected and motivated patients with pronounced symptoms and severe supraglottic collapse. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate efficiency and safety of laser supraglottoplasty as treatment for severe supraglottic EILO by retrospective chart reviews. <b>Method:</b> During 2010-2015, 43 patients mean age 16.9 (range 12-25) underwent laser supraglottoplasty due to a severe supraglottic EILO verified using continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE-test). The surgical procedure was performed in general anaesthesia by one of three surgeons, and outcome was evaluated by questionnaire based self-reported symptoms and a CLE test performed before and after the operation. <b>Preliminary Results:</b> Postoperatively, 39/43 patients reported improvements of symptoms, 41/43 had a lower CLE-score, all but 3 had improvement at the supraglottic level, and 21/43 had normal laryngeal inlet at maximum exercise (i.e. a CLE-score of 0 or 1). Complications were experienced by 2/43. <b>Conclusion:</b> Supraglottoplasty improve symptoms in patients with supraglottic EILO, and appears as a safe and efficient treatment in highly selected severe cases.

Topic: Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 2 of Psychometric properties of a nationwide survey for adults with and without diabetes: the “disease knowledge and information needs – diabetes mellitus (2017)” survey

Additional file 2. Scale distributions, reliability and unidimensional factor analyses for scales used in both survey components. The table presents scale distributions, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient as well as results of confirmatory, i.e. unidimensional factor analyses for scales used in the two survey components: people with diagnosed diabetes and people without diagnosed diabetes.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Acceso equitativo a servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado: una oportunidad para el activismo judicial y social a nivel local

Abstract In Colombia about 97% and 87% of the population has access to drinking water and sanitation services, respectively. However, the country stands the challenge of meeting inequality in the provision of these public services, particularly to the underdeveloped-low-income population located in rural and peri-urban areas. There are several factors preventing the implementation of strategies to warrant the access to public services; one of them is the lack of organized and inclusive programs developed within the municipalities. From a study of legal doctrine, I intend to argue that local judges can make use of complex legal orders in judicial cases related to public services to deal with the historical inequities and ensure the rights to access to drinking water and basic sanitation.

Topic: Water Resource Management and Quality
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure S6 from Hypoxia-Induced Downregulation of DUSP-2 Phosphatase Drives Colon Cancer Stemness

&lt;p&gt;HDACi abolished hypoxia-induced cancer malignancy&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Echocardiographic myocardial imaging reveals segmental cardiomyopathy in Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Cardiovascular involvement is the leading cause of morbidity and death in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Herein, we describe the case of a 47-year-old man with Churg-Strauss syndrome, in whom the use of novel echocardiographic techniques revealed segmental cardiomyopathy. Tissue Doppler and speckle-tracking imaging showed that both longitudinal and radial strain were impaired at the septal level and that the impairment of circumferential strain affected left ventricular torsion. Our case shows that advanced echocardiography with myocardial strain imaging in multiple vectors can identify systolic-diastolic abnormalities in a patient with myocardial infiltration and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

Topic: Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sociology in Russia

Attempts to shape an integral sociological vision of social relations began in Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. The initial task was philosophical and political in character: to interpret the historical prospects for the country's development. To what extent would Russia follow the paths trodden by Western countries (which a certain segment of the intelligentsia believed were more civilized and more normal), and to what extent would it preserve its own originality and uniqueness? Two currents of social thought, the "Westernizers" and the "Slavophiles," argued this question. During the polemics between them, a number of questions emerged that continue to be raised in contemporary journalism and political discussions.

Topic: Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessing pain and emotional wellbeing in feline patients with chronic kidney disease

Pain is both a sensory and emotional experience and can be measured with the use of pain scoring charts. Pain scoring is seen as a valuable tool especially as an aid to post-operative nursing care. Currently pain scoring systems are designed for assessing acute post-operative pain and have been validated for use in dogs. However they can be useful in assessing pain experienced in cats suffering from diseases such as chronic kidney disease, and can assist the nursing care provided to patients hospitalised for treatment of the disease. Patient care could be improved if a more holistic approach to nursing was adopted which encouraged veterinary nurses to not only consider the physical aspects of pain but also the emotional side.

Topic: Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate and estradiol on tumor growth and oncogene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line transplanted into nude mice.

The effects of three hormonal agents with a different mechanism of action (tamoxifen [TAM], medroxyprogesterone acetate [MPA] and estradiol [E2]) on tumor growth, differentiation and oncogene expression were evaluated using the estrogen-receptor positive human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 transplanted into nude mice. In MCF-7 tumors treated with E2, tumor incidence, mean weight of tumors, 3H-thymidine labelling index, differentiation antigen HMFGM (human milk-fat globule membrane) and ras p21, c-myc, neu oncogene products, the level was significantly increased. On the other hand MPA suppressed all of them. TAM increased the level of c-myc expression and HMFGM antigen, but suppressed the others. This evidence indicates that E2 induces both proliferation and differentiation of MCF-7 tumor cells. MPA suppresses both proliferation and differentiation, and TAM induces differentiation and suppresses proliferation.

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>Book Review</i>: Chris Thomale's <i>Leistung als Freiheit: Erfüllungsautonomie im Bereicherungsrecht</i>

Chris Thomale's Leistung als Freiheit is the printed version of his Berlin doctoral thesis of 2011 (Freie Universität) which was supervised by Martin Schwab. The title of the book will most probably be meaningless or even be misleading to non-German readers: Leistung als Freiheit translates to “Performance as Freedom.” The subtitle will not be of any help to non-German readers, either: Erfüllungsautonomie im Bereicherungsrecht means “Autonomy of Performance in the Law of Unjustified Enrichment.” The subtitle points to the area of law to which the book is devoted—the law of unjustified enrichment—and within the law of unjustified enrichment, to those cases which are commonly—and not only in German law—labeled as enrichment by performance or enrichment by deliberate conferral. In German law, and also in other civil law systems, the different condictiones are joined together under this label.

Topic: Criminal Law and Policy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sulfate reduction in a sludge gradually acclimated to acetate as the sole electron donor and its potential application as inoculum in a microbial fuel cell

The aim of the present work was to obtain a sulfidogenic sludge capable of thriving with acetate and evaluate its potential application as a source of microorganisms in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The results showed that sulfate (SO4-2) to sulfide (HS-) conversion increased from 74 ± 0.39 % with a fed consisting of a mixture acetate:butyrate, to 85 ± 0.34 % with a fed containing only acetate. The sulfate removal rate (SRR) was of 73.14 ± 2.08 mg SO4-2 gVSS-1 L-1 h-1 and sulfate reducing activity (SRA) 6.46 ± 1.25 mg COD-H2S gVSS-1L-1h-1 with the mixture and  SRR 70.51 ± 1.58 mg SO4-2 gVSS-1 L-1 h-1 ; SRA 7.67 ± 1.00 mg COD-H2S gVSS-1 L-1 h-1 with acetate. The COD removal increased from 66 ± 0.8% with the mixture to 81 ± 0.39 %, with acetate. The open circuit voltage increased from 0.668 to 0.788 V with acetate. The results suggested that this sludge could be utilized to recover energy that could be eventually susceptible to storage for further utilization while reducing sulfate and avoiding accumulation of acetate.

Topic: Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Does the orphan disadvantage "spill over"? An analysis of whether living in an area with a higher concentration of orphans is associated with childrens school enrollment in sub-Saharan Africa

In western and eastern Africa, the negative association between living in a setting more densely populated with orphans and children's school enrollment provides suggestive evidence that the orphan disadvantage "spills over" in the communities most heavily affected. Conversely, in central and southern Africa, the positive association between living in a setting more densely populated with orphans and children's school enrollment highlights the resiliency of these relatively wealthier communities with high levels of orphans. Although longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms, this study lays the groundwork for a new body of research aimed at understanding the broader social implications of widespread orphanhood in sub-Saharan Africa.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences