jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study on Human Placental Tissue in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious disorder affecting the mother. It may be responsible for more than 50,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year. It is a major killer of both mother and fetus. Aim: To demonstrate the morphological changes of human placental tissue in pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared with the normal by using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Materials & Methods: Twenty pregnant women were included in this study. 10 of them were diagnosed as having moderate pre-eclampsia and considered as the pre-eclamptic (PE) group, while 10 women were clinically normal and considered as the control group. Placental specimens were obtained after either vaginal delivery or caesarian section and processed for H&E and Masson's trichrome stains, as well as for immunohistochemical stains for eNOS and HIF-1α. Morphometric measurement of number of syncytial knots, area % of collagen fibers, eNOS and HIF-1α.were done followed by statistical analysis. Results: PE group revealed thickened wall of fetal blood capillaries, crowded degenerating villi with decreased intervillous spaces, intravillous and perivillous fibrinoid deposition. Numerous syncytial knots and exfoliated trophoblast cells were also observed. There was thickened layer of subchorionic fibrinoid. Increased area% of collagen fibers, HIF-1α. immunoreactivity and decreased area% of eNOS immunoexpression were found. Conclusions: As evidenced by the previous results, this study concluded various placental changes detected by histological and histochemical techniques. The findings have clarified a significant correlation between eNOS and HIF-1α immunoexpression and pre-eclampsia. Whether this relation is causal or effect relationship, this may need further investigations for better management and avoidance of consequences of pre-eclampsia.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Purification of a Hydrophobic Elastin-Like Protein Toward Scale-Suitable Production of Biomaterials

Elastin-like proteins (ELPs) are polypeptides with potential applications as renewable bio-based high-performance polymers, which undergo a stimulus-responsive reversible phase transition. The ELP investigated in this manuscript—ELP[V2Y-45]—promises fascinating mechanical properties in biomaterial applications. Purification process scalability and purification performance are important factors for the evaluation of potential industrial-scale production of ELPs. Salt-induced precipitation, inverse transition cycling (ITC), and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) were assessed as purification protocols for a polyhistidine-tagged hydrophobic ELP showing low-temperature transition behavior. IMAC achieved a purity of 86% and the lowest nucleic acid contamination of all processes. Metal ion leakage did not propagate chemical modifications and could be successfully removed through size-exclusion chromatography. The simplest approach using a high-salt precipitation resulted in a 60% higher target molecule yield compared to both other approaches, with the drawback of a lower purity of 60% and higher nucleic acid contamination. An additional ITC purification led to the highest purity of 88% and high nucleic acid removal. However, expensive temperature-dependent centrifugation steps are required and aggregation effects even at low temperatures have to be considered for the investigated ELP. Therefore, ITC and IMAC are promising downstream processes for biomedical applications with scale-dependent economical costs to be considered, while salt-induced precipitation may be a fast and simple alternative for large-scale bio-based polymer production.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Some chemical and electrophysiological effects of glutamate in cerebral cortex

Abstract The efflux of 45 Ca 2+ and 3 H‐GABA from cat cerebral cortex has been measured in vivo by a superfusion technique. Under control conditions, the efflux of both these isotopes is sensitive to increments in the calcium concentration of the superfusion medium but insensitive to the addition of 25 m M GABA. After 40 min of contact with medium containing 25 m M glutamate, however, neither 45 Ca 2+ nor 3 H‐GABA efflux is affected by added Ca 2+ but 3 H‐GABA efflux becomes considerably enhanced by 25 m M GABA. The mean membrane potentials at this time were found to be less than controls. Depolarization generally continued past this time, recovery beginning 150 min after superfusion with glutamate. Peaks in 45 Ca 2+ efflux were also correlated with seizure activity which was sometimes elicited by topical glutamate. It is suggested that the transport systems for Ca 2+ and GABA may be sensitive to states of neural activity, such as spreading depression.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Stećak Tombstone from Donji Bakići

Stećak Tombstone from Donji Bakići, (site known as Klisa), near Olovo. On display at the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. Data were collected as part of a joint research project between GDH and the Association for the Digitization and Informatisation of Cultural Heritage (DIGI.BA) in Sarajevo, in full collaboration with the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. Description provided by Ana Marić, Curator. Model was created from 204 images from a Canon 5D Mark IV. All data were processed in Reality Capture. Project ID NMB Stecak 2. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

Topic: Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cotton-Insect Control with Low-Volume Concentrates of Malathion Applied by Aircraft1

Aircraft applications of malathion, applied as a lowvolume concentrate spray and in a conventional water-emulsion spray, were compared for effectiveness against cotton insects in a field test conducted in Pinal County, Ariz., during July 1964. In both cases malathion was applied at the rate of 1.25 lb of actual toxicant per acre. The total amounts of formulation applied per acre were 1 pint for the low-volume concentrate spray and 5 gal for the water emulsion spray. The low-concentrate spray was applied to a single 40-acre plot, using a plane equipped with 5 equally spaced D-4 orifice nozzles, flown at a height of 30 ft, with swaths 70 ft wide. The water-emulsion spray was applied to a 14-acre plot with a conventionally constructed aircraft, flown immediately above the cotton plants, with swaths 40 ft wide. An adjacent 14-acre plot was left untreated. Results were measured by standard sweep-net counts of insects present. In the 40-acre low-volume concentrate plot, 9 samples of 100 net strokes each were taken. In each of the 14-acre plots used for comparison 3 similar samples were taken. Plots were sampled by this method 2 hr before treatment and 3 and 10 days after treatment.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Neural Modeling of Psychiatric Disorders

This paper reviews recent neural modeling studies of psychiatric disorders. Numerous aspects of psychiatric disturbances have been investigated, such as the role of synaptic changes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer&amp;apos;s disease, the study of spurious attractors as possible neural correlates of schizophrenic positive symptoms, and the exploration of the ability of feedforward and recurrent networks to quantitatively model the cognitive performance of schizophrenic patients. Current models all employ considerable simplifications, both on the level of the behavioral phenomenology they seek to explore, and on the level of their structure and dynamics. However, it is encouraging to realize that the disruption of just a few simple computational mechanisms can lead to behaviors which correspond to some of the clinical features of psychiatric disorders, and can shed light on their pathogenesis. 1 Introduction Neural modeling research is currently a very active and growing scientific field with i...

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[A study of family support, health state and medical care among functionally dependent elderly in Shanghai, China].

The effect of family caregiver's attitudes to elderly on health conditions of functionally dependent elderly, relationships between family support and perceived burden among family caregivers, and factors related to family support were analyzed. Support in this study was defined as help directed at helping functionally dependent elderly achieve independence or self-care. In 1989, a survey was conducted of family caregivers in Shanghai. Functionally dependent elderly were collected by screening of people aged 65 years old and over, and family caregivers who were able to provide support as defined above were included as subjects (n = 468). The following results were obtained: 1. Caregivers with positive attitudes for support had a higher proportion having the ability to obtain physician care compared to those with low family support. The proportion of persons with bedfast condition, cognitive impairment, and abnormal behaviors did not appear to have a relationships to level of family support. 2. There was only a weak relation between family support and perceived burden scale of caregivers. 3. Among all factors, the strongest relationship to family support was with educational background. The health of caregivers and the family relationship between caregivers and functionally dependent elderly were also related to level of family support.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Geometric Surprise In Dürer'S Engraving Of St. Jerome In His Study

An extended abstract of the present paper was print-published as "Abstract of: A Geometric Surprise in Dürer's Engraving of St. Jerome in His Study" in Leonardo Volume 51, Issue 5, October 2018. That abstract has a DOI, https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01543 . The complete paper was concurrently posted by Leonardo/MIT Press as "supplementary material" to the abstract, but without its own DOI. The present paper is identical to that one except for having different permissions for figures 11a and 11b.

Topic: Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Playing With Text: Textual Dramaturgies in Contemporary Australian Theatre

Playing With Text examines the distinct approaches to text characterising the contemporary Australian theatre landscape through an analysis of The Sovereign Wife (2013) by Sisters Grimm, Moving Target (2008), directed by Benedict Andrews, and M + M (2013) by the Daniel Schlusser Ensemble. Each of these examples constitute a different engagement with text; from pre-written drafts for performance to text developed through rehearsal and theatrical responses to text emerging from alternative mediums - specifically the novel. In addition, the thesis presents an exegetical account of the practical theatre project Tom William Mitchell, first produced at the University of Wollongong in July 2017 and includes the text of this work and a DVD recording of the production. Tom William Mitchell explores the practical application of dramaturgical concepts outlined in the thesis and, in doing so, attests to how they employ text in intermedial modes of performance. In this way, Playing With Text seeks to contribute to the conceptualisation of recent textual dramaturgies by demonstrating that the term text-based theatre fails to account for the specific encounters with text created by a number of artists through dramaturgical approaches that foreground theatre as a site of medial transmission.

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ectobacillus ponti sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Pearl River Estuary

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped strain, designated SYSU M60031 T , was isolated from a Pearl River Estuary sediment sample, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The isolate could grow at pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 25–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The predominant respiratory menaquinone of SYSU M60031 T was MK-7. The cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid, and one unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids (&gt;10 % of total) were iso-C 14 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , and C 16 : 0 . The genomic DNA G+C content was 51.2 %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that strain SYSU M60031 T belonged to the genus Ectobacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Ectobacillus funiculus NAF001 T (96.16%), followed by Ectobacillus antri SYSU K30001 T (95.08 %). Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU M60031 T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ectobacillus , for which the name Ectobacillus ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is SYSU M60031 T (=CGMCC 1.19243 T =NBRC 115614 T ).

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prospecting quantitative trait loci for maydis leaf blight ( <scp>MLB</scp> ) resistance using a population of teosinte‐introgressed maize ( <i>Zea mays</i> ssp. mays) and in silico identification of candidate <scp>MLB</scp> resistance genes

Abstract Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is an important fungal disease of maize causing yield losses of the magnitude of 38 to 46% worldwide. Present investigation aimed to identify stable and reliable MLB‐resistant QTLs and introgression maize lines to facilitate their utilization in future MLB resistance breeding programmes. For this purpose, 169 backcross inbred lines (BILs), derived using teosinte ( Zea mays ssp. parviglumis ) as one parent, were grown in randomized block design with two replications in two environments. The lines were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the resistant QTLs by single marker analysis (SMA) method. Also, twenty‐five most resistant and twenty‐five most susceptible lines were selected in order to mimic bidirectional selective genotyping to identify MLB‐resistant QTLs by trait‐based (SGTB) and marker‐based (SGMB) approach. Six and five MLB resistance QTLs were identified in S1 and S2, respectively, by SMA method, while twelve and eight MLB‐resistant QTLs were detected by SGTB and SGMB approach, respectively. A total of fifteen MLB resistance QTLs identified by either SMA, SGTB or SGMB co‐localized with forty‐two QTLs affecting eleven morphological traits in maize. Out of the MLB resistance QTLs detected in both S1 and S2 by SMA, two QTLs linked to marker umc2392 and umc1393 were stable. Four QTLs linked to marker umc1869, umc1720, umc1428 and umc1393 were detected by all three methods and were reliable. A total of 23 genes exhibiting response to fungal pathogens were identified by means of in silico analysis, and these may be validated further so as to be used in future maize improvement programmes.

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Heuristics from Curating and Exhibiting Game Art in the 21st Century

This paper outlines experiences and lessons learned in organizing a variety of digital art exhibits for small and large scale events. The perspective is provided as a cross-disciplinary set of heuristics, drawing on the decade long experience of the curator-artist and paying particular attention to playable electronic media (e.g. games and toys) as installation works in an art context. Lessons learned from exhibits organized or co-organized by the author in the United States, Europe and Asia are shared. These events were offered with support from the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Leuphana University, the University of Utah, Abertay University and others. Additional observations are provided as an artist who has exhibited at more than 40 events in the last decade.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of Tracer techniques in Animal Nutrition- A review

Nuclear technologies are used in many areas of livestock research and production. For example, we use isotopic tracer techniques to measure the nutritive value of feedstuff, to determine the nutrient intake or energy balance of animals, and to study the metabolism of nutrients in the animal body. The output of research helps us to formulate balanced diets to achieve efficient growth and production. Isotopic methods are also used to monitor reproductive status, leading to better breeding management. Moreover, nuclear techniques are also used in livestock disease diagnosis.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Placental Growth Factor Levels in Preeclampsia Compared to Normal Pregnancy

Objective: To identify and analyze the differences in the levels of&#x0D; PlGF in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.&#x0D; &#x0D; Method: This was a cross-sectional observational qualitative study&#x0D; of PlGF in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. The number of samples&#x0D; in case and control group was 30 in each groups.&#x0D; &#x0D; Result: We found that mean of maternal age in the preeclampsia&#x0D; group was 28.53 years and 25.23 years in the control group. Mean&#x0D; parity in preeclampsia and control group was 2.33 and 1.56, respectively.&#x0D; Mean hemoglobin level in preeclampsia and control group&#x0D; was 11.97 and 11.99, respectively. Mean maternal blood glucose&#x0D; level was 87.0 in the preeclampsia group, and 87.9 in the control&#x0D; group. In the preeclampsia group mean urea concentration was&#x0D; 16.45, while it was 22.78 in the control group. Mean creatinine level&#x0D; was 0.92 in the preeclampsia group and 0.64 in the control group.&#x0D; Mean SGPT and SGOT in the preeclampsia group was 23.36 and&#x0D; 21.97, while in the control group was 29.86 and 26.20. Test results&#x0D; showed that PlGF levels was significantly different between the preeclampsia&#x0D; and control group. Mean PlGF in the preeclampsia and control&#x0D; group was 42.10 and 452.33 respectively, with p

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A&amp;nbsp;Novel&amp;nbsp;Feature&amp;nbsp;Extraction&amp;nbsp;Based&amp;nbsp;Person&amp;nbsp;Recognition&amp;nbsp;Using&amp;nbsp;Local&amp;nbsp;Phase&amp;nbsp;Quantization&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;Geometric&amp;nbsp;Features

Abstract At present, it is simple for everyone to generate digital pictures of their routine life and use them for different purposes. Similarly, facial recognition is a trending technology that can identify or verify an individual from a video frame or digital image from any source. There are numerous techniques involved in the working principle of facial recognition. But the simplified method is feature extraction by comparing the particular facial features of the images from the collected dataset. Multiple algorithms are existing for feature extraction, but they fail to give high accuracy. The proposed algorithm based on deep learning provides a high recognition rate by using a convolutional neural network for classification. For feature extraction, Local Phase quantization, Geometric-based features, and directional graph-based methods are implemented. Various performance metrics, such as recognition rate, classification accuracy, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score is evaluated. The proposed method achieves high-performance values when it is compared with other existing methods. It is mainly developed to calculate the casual visit of a person to the mall, and it is also deployed for criminal identification.

Topic: Face and Expression Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Progress and opportunities of foundation models in bioinformatics

Abstract Bioinformatics has undergone a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through foundation models (FMs), which address longstanding challenges in bioinformatics such as limited annotated data and data noise. These AI techniques have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across various downstream validation tasks, effectively representing diverse biological entities and heralding a new era in computational biology. The primary goal of this survey is to conduct a general investigation and summary of FMs in bioinformatics, tracing their evolutionary trajectory, current research landscape, and methodological frameworks. Our primary focus is on elucidating the application of FMs to specific biological problems, offering insights to guide the research community in choosing appropriate FMs for tasks like sequence analysis, structure prediction, and function annotation. Each section delves into the intricacies of the targeted challenges, contrasting the architectures and advancements of FMs with conventional methods and showcasing their utility across different biological domains. Further, this review scrutinizes the hurdles and constraints encountered by FMs in biology, including issues of data noise, model interpretability, and potential biases. This analysis provides a theoretical groundwork for understanding the circumstances under which certain FMs may exhibit suboptimal performance. Lastly, we outline prospective pathways and methodologies for the future development of FMs in biological research, facilitating ongoing innovation in the field. This comprehensive examination not only serves as an academic reference but also as a roadmap for forthcoming explorations and applications of FMs in biology.

Topic: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Legally Prescribed Functions of Adult and Juvenile Probation Officers

Historically, there have been two competing goals of probation: law enforcement and rehabilitation of the offender. Accordingly, the role, functions, and tasks of probation officers are at times in conflict. In this paper we explore the roles of adult and juvenile probation officers and compare their statutorily prescribed duties. In so doing we attempt to uncover what differences exist between adult and juvenile probation officers. We conclude that there are no appreciable differences between the orientation (either law enforcement or rehabilitation) of the tasks adult and juvenile probation officers are mandated to perform. Moreover, the task orientation of probation officers (adult and juvenile) is slanted towards law enforcement.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pterins in patients with rett syndrome

We have found normal concentrations of neopterin, monapterin, isoxanthopterin, biopterin and pterin in the urine of 10 patients with Rett syndrome, and normal values for total biopterin and neopterin in the blood of 4 subjects. Thus, there is no biochemical evidence of a generalized tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in this syndrome. Since we had no opportunity so far to study cerebrospinal fluid, a defect in the metabolism of pterins in the central nervous system is not yet fully excluded.

Topic: Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences