jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biological activities of a garlic–<i>Cirsium setidens</i> Nakai blend fermented with <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>

Abstract In this study, we investigated the antioxidant‐ and immune‐stimulating activities of various garlic– Cirsium setidens Nakai blends (fermented and unfermented). The levels of S‐allyl cysteine increased by 2.5 times while pectolinarigenin (an anti‐inflammatory compound) increased about six times (from 1.1 ± 0.04 mg/g to 6.70 ± 0.12 mg/g) after the garlic– Cirsium setidens Nakai (80:20%, respectively) blend (S4) was fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC 13302. The ferric reducing ability and DPPH radical scavenging activities of all the samples increased significantly after fermentation. Ethanolic extracts of the fermented samples significantly enhanced RAW 264.7 macrophage proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner and induced nitric oxide production. Among the samples, S6 and S8 stimulated the highest levels of nitric oxide (NO) production. S6 significantly induced proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β as well as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 relative to control. Since the resolution of an infection would require a harmonized interplay of proinflammatory factors and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, consumption of S6 could be helpful in promoting health.

Topic: Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of inoculation strategy with autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strains on aroma development in Rioja Alavesa Tempranillo wines

The potential use as malolactic starters of four indigenous strains of Oenococcus oeni was evaluated under different inoculation regimes. Among others, the fermentative capacity of strains, their degree of implantation, the main oenological parameters as well as their ability to modulate the aromatic profile of wines, were analysed. Main results elucidated that co-inoculation led to the prompt consecution of malolactic fermentation (MLF), highlighting the performance of indigenous Oenococcus oeni P2A strain and commercial O. oeni Viniflora OENOS strain which finished the process 20–30 days earlier compared to batches that undergo sequential inoculation. Moreover, inoculation strategy did also have an important influence on the volatile profile of wines. Co-inoculated wines significantly showed less concentration of volatile compounds. Main reduction was detected in higher alcohols and acids. Lower concentration of acids and higher alcohols may prevent the masking of desired aroma attributes. Indeed, in co-inoculated wines, the perception of ripe fruit aroma was highlighted over the others, and was extensively perceived by panellists in comparison with their respective sequentially inoculated wines. Above all, it was elucidated the suitability of the strain P2A, resulting an advantageous alternative to significantly reduce the overall winemaking time as well as to better control the fermentative process.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A De novo Mutation in the COL1A1 Gene Leading to Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract Introduction Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common monogenic inherited skeletal dysplasia disorder. Mutations in the COL1A1/COL1A2 gene cause ∼85 to 90% of OI. Studies of cases have demonstrated that missense mutations are the primary cause of OI, with poor prognosis. Case Description We report the case of a fetus with skeletal abnormalities and subcutaneous edema. Ultrasound imaging revealed suspected skeletal malformations, including hypoplastic long bones of all four limbs, poorly ossified calvarium, unrevealing nasal bones, and generalized subcutaneous edema. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation in COL1A1 (c.2174G &gt; T/p.(G725V), NM_000088.3). According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, it was determined to be a pathogenic variant and identified as a de novo variant (PS2 + PP3_strong + PM2_supporting), which has not been reported in the HGMD, gnomAD, ClinVar, or other databases. This variation causes a glycine-to-valine substitution at position 725, located within the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in the helical domain of the collagen molecule. Conclusion The COL1A1 mutation (c.2174G &gt; T/p.(G725V), NM_000088.3) is a novel pathogenic variant of severe OI. Our study expanded the OI COL1A1 gene variation profiles in the Chinese population and provided a theoretical foundation for prenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, and obstetric management.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Challenges to the assembly and integration of the WSS with METIS

Portugal will build the warm support and access structure (WSS) to the mid-infrared, first generation ELT instrument - METIS. The particular characteristics of METIS and the ELT pose several challenges to designing the WSS according to requirements, as well challenges to the assembly and integration of the WSS. We here provide you an overview of those challenges, as well as strategies to overcome and mitigate issues related to the mass and dimensions of the WSS.

Topic: Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review Article Genome-Based Construction of the Metabolic Pathways of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Comparative Analysis within the Rickettsiales Order

Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that belongs to the order of Rickettsiales. Recently, we have reported that O. tsutsugamushi has a unique genomic structure, consisting of highly repetitive sequences, and suggested that it may provide valuable insight into the evolution of intracellular bacteria. Here, we have used genomic information to construct the major metabolic pathways of O. tsutsugamushi and performed a comparative analysis of the metabolic genes and pathways of O. tsutsugamushi with other members of the Rickettsiales order. While O. tsutsugamushi has the largest genome among the members of this order, mainly due to the presence of repeated sequences, its metabolic pathways have been highly streamlined. Overall, the metabolic pathways of O. tsutsugamushi were similar to Rickettsia but there were notable differences in several pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, the TCA cycle, and the synthesis of cell wall components as well as in the transport systems. Our results will provide a useful guide to the postgenomic analysis of O. tsutsugamushi and lead to a better understanding of the virulence and physiology of this intracellular pathogen. Copyright © 2008 Chan-Ki Min et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Impact of the Choice of Magnetometers and Gradiometers in Source Reconstruction after Signal Space Separation

Background: Modern MEG devices include 102 sensor triplets containing one magnetometer and two planar gradiometers. The first processing step is often a signal space separation (SSS), which provides a powerful noise reduction. A question commonly raised by researchers and reviewers is which data should be employed in source reconstruction: (1) magnetometers only, (2) gradiometers only, (3) magnetometers and gradiometers together. The MEG community is currently divided about the proper answer and strong arguments in favor and against these three approaches often expressed. Methods: First, we provide theoretical evidence that both gradiometers and magnetometers contain the same information after SSS, and argue that they both result from the backprojection of the same SSS components. Then, we compare beamforming source reconstructions from magnetometers and gradiometers in real MEG recordings before and after SSS. Results: Without SSS, the correlation between source time series extracted from magnetometers and gradiometers was high, with Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.5-0.8. After SSS, these correlation values increased dramatically, reaching over 0.90 across all cortical areas. Conclusions: After SSS, almost identical source reconstructions (r&amp;gt;0.9) can be obtained with magnetometers and gradiometers, as long as regularization is selected appropriately to account for the different properties in magnetometers and gradiometers covariance matrices.

Topic: Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
<scp><i>DHDDS</i></scp> and <scp><i>NUS1</i></scp>: A Converging Pathway and Common Phenotype

Abstract Background Variants in dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthetase ( DHDDS ) and nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 ( NUS1 ) cause a neurodevelopmental disorder, classically with prominent epilepsy. Recent reports suggest a complex movement disorder and an overlapping phenotype has been postulated due to their combined role in dolichol synthesis. Cases We describe three patients with heterozygous variants in DHDDS and five with variants affecting NUS1 . They bear a remarkably similar phenotype of a movement disorder dominated by multifocal myoclonus. Diagnostic clues include myoclonus exacerbated by action and facial involvement, and slowly progressive or stable, gait ataxia with disproportionately impaired tandem gait. Myoclonus is confirmed with neurophysiology, including EMG of facial muscles. Literature Review Ninety‐eight reports of heterozygous variants in DHDDS, NUS1 and chromosome 6q22.1 structural alterations spanning NUS1 , confirm the convergent phenotype of hypotonia at birth, developmental delay, multifocal myoclonus, ataxia, dystonia and later parkinsonism with or without generalized epilepsy. Other features include periodic exacerbations, stereotypies, anxiety, and dysmorphisms. Although their gene products contribute to dolichol biosynthesis, a key step in N‐glycosylation, transferrin isoform profiles are typically normal. Imaging is normal or non‐specific. Conclusions Recognition of their shared phenotype may expedite diagnosis through chromosomal microarray and by including DHDDS/NUS1 in movement disorder gene panels.

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In with acute bronchitis; out with duodenal perforation: the potentially harmful cascade of over-testing. A case report

Overutilization of diagnostic imaging can lead to unnecessary interventions and subsequently can jeopardize patient safety. When ordered, the results of these images should always be interpreted in the appropriate clinical context taking into consideration the patient clinical presentation and the natural history of the diseases which are being investigated. We presented a case that demonstrates for the practicing physicians how violating these two notions can lead ultimately to patient harm.

Topic: Healthcare cost, quality, practices
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A numerical method for determining a localized initial excitation for some mathematical models of the heart excitation

A numerical method for determining a localized initial excitation for some mathematical models of heart excitation is considered. In the statement of the direct problem, the process of changing the field in two domains corresponding to the heart and the torso is simulated. The alteration of the potential in the heart is described by the FitzHugh-Nagumo or the Aliev-Panfilov model for domains in R2. The inverse problem consists in determining the coordinates of a localized initial excitation in the heart from the known values of the potential on the boundary of the torso. The results of numerical experiments are presented.

Topic: stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Insulin activates single amiloride-blockable Na channels in a distal nephron cell line (A6)

Using the patch-clamp technique, we studied the effect of insulin on an amiloride-blockable Na channel in the apical membrane of a distal nephron cell line (A6) cultured on permeable collagen films for 10-14 days. NPo (N, number of channels per patch membrane; Po, average value of open probability of individual channels in the patch) under baseline conditions was 0.88 +/- 0.12 (SE)(n = 17). After making cell-attached patches on the apical membrane which contained Na channels, insulin (1 mU/ml) was applied to the serosal bath. While maintaining the cell-attached patch, NPo significantly increased to 1.48 +/- 0.19 (n = 17; P less than 0.001) after 5-10 min of insulin application. The open probability of Na channels was 0.39 +/- 0.01 (n = 38) under baseline condition, and increased to 0.66 +/- 0.03 (n = 38, P less than 0.001) after addition of insulin. The baseline single-channel conductance was 4pS, and neither the single-channel conductance nor the current-voltage relationship was significantly changed by insulin. These results indicate that insulin increases Na absorption in the distal nephron by increasing the open probability of the amiloride-blockable Na channel.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Histopathologic Features of the Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Involvement of Tarsal Elastin

Purpose: Patients with the floppy eyelid syndrome have chronic papillary conjunctivitis with easily everted upper eyelids and a soft, pliant upper tarsus. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features and the histopathologic correlate in a group of patients with floppy eyelid syndrome. Methods: The authors examined eight patients with floppy eyelid syndrome, four of whom underwent surgical management with horizontal eyelid shortening. Eyelid tissue from these patients was examined using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry and compared with controls with unrelated eyelid or orbital disorders. Results: Clinical findings included obesity or eye rubbing, lash ptosis, and, less commonly, blepharoptosis. Two patients had documented sleep apnea with abnormal sleep electroencephalogram. Light microscopy of the surgical specimens showed chronic conjunctival inflammation, papillary conjunctivitis, and meibomian gland abnormalities, including granuloma formation. Verhoeff's modified elastin stain demonstrated a marked decrease in the amount of elastin fibers in tarsus from patients with floppy eyelid syndrome compared with controls. Immunohistochemical staining for elastin also showed a marked decrease of tarsal elastin in floppy eyelid patients compared with controls. In contrast, immunohistochemical stains showed that the distribution of collagen types I and III was similar between patients with floppy eyelid syndrome and controls. Electron microscopy demonstrated that tarsal collagen was comparable in patients and controls, and that there was a reduced amount of tarsal elastin in floppy eyelid syndrome compared with controls. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that tarsal elastin is decreased in the floppy eyelid syndrome, which may contribute to the laxity of the tarsus in this disorder.

Topic: Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vibrational Imaging of Glucose Uptake Activity in Live Cells and Tissues by Stimulated Raman Scattering

Abstract Glucose is a ubiquitous energy source for most living organisms. Its uptake activity closely reflects cellular metabolic demand in various physiopathological conditions. Extensive efforts have been made to specifically image glucose uptake, such as with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescence microscopy, but all have limitations. A new platform to visualize glucose uptake activity in live cells and tissues is presented that involves performing stimulated Raman scattering on a novel glucose analogue labeled with a small alkyne moiety. Cancer cells with differing metabolic activities can be distinguished. Heterogeneous uptake patterns are observed with clear cell–cell variations in tumor xenograft tissues, neuronal culture, and mouse brain tissues. By offering the distinct advantage of optical resolution but without the undesirable influence of fluorophores, this method will facilitate the study of energy demands of living systems with subcellular resolution.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Renal carcinogenesis--insights into signaling pathways.

Renal cancer represents about 3% of all human malignancies, 96% of cases being sporadic forms and only 4% hereditary. Research in renal tumor pathogenesis is currently oriented on the genetic and proteins framework of the renal cell carcinoma, with the aim to translate the level of knowledge on tumor subtypes from histological to molecular issues, simultaneously with the deciphering of the manner in which the signaling pathways intervene in the pathogenic mechanism. Alterations identified in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes lead to abnormal and deficient transmission of signal in the signaling pathways, and initiate the carcinogenesis mechanism by increased proliferation of tumor cells. Although it seems obvious that the classic sequence of carcinogenesis is respected at the renal site, unfortunately, the manner in which signaling pathways are involved, in the specific context of renal tumors, is not extensively investigated. This paper assembles recent data in the mainstream regarding the dialogue opened between the molecules in Wnt÷β-catenin, PI3K÷AKT÷mTOR, and HGF÷cMET signaling pathways. The review is also justified by the fact that these molecules may represent potential prognosis markers and÷or therapeutic targets.

Topic: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Toward communication

Adopting a functionalist perspective, we emphasize the interest of considering imitation as a single capacity with two functions: communication and learning. These two functions both imply such capacities as detection of novelty, attraction toward moving stimuli and perception-action coupling. We propose that the main difference between the processes involved in the two functions is that, in the case of learning, the dynamics is internal to the system constituted by an individual whereas in the case of communication, the dynamics concerns the system composed by the perception of one individual coupled with the action of the other. In this paper, we compare the first developmental steps of imitation in three populations: typically developing children, children with autism, and robots. We show evidence of strong correlations between imitating and being imitated in typical infants and low-functioning children with autism. Relying on this evidence, the robotic perspective is to provide a generic architecture able not only to learn via imitation but also to interact as an emerging property of the system constituted by two similar architectures with a different history.

Topic: Child and Animal Learning Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017

We investigated influenza A(H5N6) viruses from migratory birds in Chungnam and Gyeonggi Provinces, South Korea following a reported die-off of poultry in nearby provinces in November 2017. Genetic analysis and virulence studies in chickens and ducks identified our isolate from December 2017 as a novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. It resulted from reassortment between the highly virulent H5N8 strain from Korea with the N6 gene from a low-pathogenic H3N6 virus from the Netherlands.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Argon laser iridotomy in angle closure glaucoma.

Argon laser iridotomy was successfully performed in 30 eyes of glaucoma patients. A modified two stage procedure has been described to achieve a successful iridotomy in pigmented eyes. At the chosen site of laser iridotomy, partial thickness burns were applied in the first stage followed by a penetrating burns in the second stage. This minimised the complications associated with laser iridotomy and decreased the incidence of subsequent closure. At the end of 6 months follow up the success rate was 93.3 percent.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DETERMINATION OF Zn,Mn,Sn,Sb AND Ir IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION BY MEANS OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

The thin film method has been used in determining Zn,Mn,Sn,Sb and Ir in electrolyte solution with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF).The size and shape of the samples in the present work are limited by using wax which is melted and circled on the film.Polyethylene rings have therefore used instead of boric acid plate as the supporting material to improve the limit of detection.The maximum volumes of interested elements used for the thin fihn XRF have been Calculated.The results of the experiments show that the relative standard deviations are Zn 2.37%,Mn 2,50%,Sn 4.64%,Sb 8.21% and Ir 4.37%,respectively.Although the sampling volume is over one calculated from theory,the calibration curve keeps a linear rela- tion between elemental concentration and fluorescence intensity.

Topic: X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
User awareness and satisfaction of mobile application for the public service of Seoul city

공공 서비스의 공공 앱을 통해 넓게 분산된 시민들에게 다양하고 풍부한 공공 서비스를 고르게 제공할 수 있고, 시민들은 시간과 장소에 구애받지 않고 공공 서비스를 이용할 수 있다는 점에서, 공공 앱을 주요한 공공 서비스 전달 수단으로 인식 하고, 공공 앱의 내용과 기능을 파악함으로써 모바일 정부에 대한 이해를 높이고 정책적 시사점을 제공한다. 현재 모바일에서 사용되고 있는 앱 45개를 토대로 서울시 공공 서비스 사례 분석을 통해 공공 서비스용 모바일 증강 현실 앱의 서비스 유형에는 4가지로 나눌 수 있으며, 정보, 커뮤니케이션, 엔터테인먼트, 안전으로 나눌 수 있었다. 안전한 스마 트 공공 서비스 환경 및 개인 정보 보호 등이 강화돼야 할 것이다. 이러한 공공서비스의 문제점을 제시하고 모바일 공공 서비스에 대한 인식과 만족도에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다.

Topic: Energy and Environmental Systems
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Blackwater fever: the rise and fall of an exotic disease.

After several descriptions by Hippocrates and a single possible medieval description by Gilles de Corbeil, a severe febrile illness accompanied by the passage of dark urine burst upon the medical scene in West Africa in 1819, described by an English surgeon named Tidlie. Most of his patients died within a few days. Further reports appeared from tropical regions until the turn of the century, J. Farrell Easmon having given the condition the name blackwater fever in 1884. Controversy raged about its relationship to malaria, as well as over its treatment with cinchona bark and quinine. Evidence evolved that it was a complication of falciparum malaria in which hemoglobinuria causing acute renal failure resulted from massive quinine-induced lysis of red blood cells. People with red cell abnormalities such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency proved particularly prone to developing it. Its incidence fell as more mildly acting antimalarial drugs replaced quinine. Several enigmatic issues bedeviled understanding of it, but a careful analysis of its historical development has enabled resolution of each of these.

Topic: Leptospirosis research and findings
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences