jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Suicide and Seizures

The increased rate of suicide associated with epilepsy has been described, but no studies have reported the rates of suicide and suicide-related behavior (SRB) associated with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs).This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from October 2002 to October 2017 within Veterans Health Administration services. Of 801,734 veterans, 0.09% had PNES, 1.37% had epilepsy, and 98.5% had no documented seizures. Veterans coded for completed suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation were identified from electronic health records. The primary measure was the suicide-specific standardized mortality ratio (SMR) based on the number of suicide deaths and CDC national suicide mortality database. A Poisson regression was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) of suicide across groups.A total of 1,870 veterans (mean age [SD] 33.76 [7.81] years) completed suicide. Veterans with PNES (RR = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-4.24) and veterans with epilepsy (RR = 2.19, 95% CI 2.10-2.28) had a higher risk of suicide compared with the general veteran population. Veterans with PNES or epilepsy had a higher risk of suicide and SRB if they had comorbid alcohol abuse, illicit drug abuse, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and use of psychotropic medications. Conversely, those who were married or attained higher education were at a decreased risk. The SMR for completed suicide for PNES, epilepsy, and the comparison group was 2.65 (95% CI 1.95-5.52), 2.04 (95% CI 1.60-2.55), and 0.70 (95% CI 0.67-0.74), respectively.Veterans with seizures (both psychogenic and epileptic) are at a greater risk of death by suicide and SRB than the comparison group. These findings suggest that although the pathophysiology of PNES and epilepsy is different, the negative impact of seizures is evident in the psychosocial outcomes in both groups.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Challenges Linked to Post-Polio-Paralysis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Region

Background: Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease often causing permanent paralysis. Post-Polio Paralysis (PPP) involves the delayed onset of new or worsening neuromuscular symptoms years after the initial attack. Polio survivors face numerous physical disabilities and significant social, financial, and human rights barriers. Aims: To identify the challenges faced by individuals with PPP in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of n=200, selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Post-Polio Clinic Questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 22. Results: The gender distribution was 21.50% female and 78.50% male. New health and physical problems (neurological, arthritis, and physiological) were observed in 64.5% (n=129) of participants. Aggravated previous complications, such as pain, fatigue, and muscular atrophy, were reported by 91.5% (n=183). Difficulty performing heavy tasks was noted by 49.5% (n=99). Using public transport was a challenge for 46.5% (n=93), and driving a car was deemed impossible by 70% (n=140). Using an Indian commode as a toilet was a complication for 58% (n=116) of participants. Conclusion: The study reveals significant health and daily life challenges for polio survivors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, including a high prevalence of new and worsening neuromuscular symptoms, aggravated complications like pain and fatigue, and difficulties with heavy tasks, public transport, driving, and using certain toilets. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve the quality of life for polio survivors by addressing their physical health and social and financial barriers.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cationic proteins from eosinophils bind bone morphogenetic protein receptors promoting vascular calcification and atherogenesis

Abstract Aims Blood eosinophil count and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration are risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study tested whether and how eosinophils and ECP contribute to vascular calcification and atherogenesis. Methods and results Immunostaining revealed eosinophil accumulation in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Eosinophil deficiency in ΔdblGATA mice slowed atherogenesis with increased lesion smooth muscle cell (SMC) content and reduced calcification. This protection in ΔdblGATA mice was muted when mice received donor eosinophils from wild-type (WT), Il4−/−, and Il13−/− mice or mouse eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1), a murine homologue of ECP. Eosinophils or mEar1 but not interleukin (IL) 4 or IL13 increased the calcification of SMC from WT mice but not those from Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) knockout mice. Immunoblot analyses showed that eosinophils and mEar1 activated Smad-1/5/8 but did not affect Smad-2/3 activation or expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR-1A/1B/2) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptors (TGFBR1/2) in SMC from WT and Runx2 knockout mice. Immunoprecipitation showed that mEar1 formed immune complexes with BMPR-1A/1B but not TGFBR1/2. Immunofluorescence double-staining, ligand binding, and Scatchard plot analysis demonstrated that mEar1 bound to BMPR-1A and BMPR-1B with similar affinity. Likewise, human ECP and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) also bound to BMPR-1A/1B on human vascular SMC and promoted SMC osteogenic differentiation. In a cohort of 5864 men from the Danish Cardiovascular Screening trial and its subpopulation of 394 participants, blood eosinophil counts and ECP levels correlated with the calcification scores of different arterial segments from coronary arteries to iliac arteries. Conclusion Eosinophils release cationic proteins that can promote SMC calcification and atherogenesis using the BMPR-1A/1B-Smad-1/5/8-Runx2 signalling pathway.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Midwives and Spin Doctors: The Rhetoric of Authority in Early Modern French Medicine

This chapter traces the establishment of medical authority in French obstetrical treatises throughout the seventeenth-century. A close analysis of rhetorical tropes in these scientific texts offers valuable insights into the politics of women's health care in the early modern period. Looking at the incongruous intrusion of autobiographical narratives in medical texts, this chapter investigates the reasons for such an unusual staging of the self and argues that for these medical practitioners, making fragments of their lives public equates with publicizing or advertising their authority. This literary practice is concomitant with an important institutional shift, which replaces ill-famed midwives with university-trained surgeons, ultimately altering care practices and opening up the birthing chamber to male physicians such as Jacques Duval and François Mauriceau.

Topic: Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Regional upgrading within the automobile industry global value chain: the role of the domestic firms and institutions

Under the global value chain (GVC) approach, a geographical model can be defined based on added value and knowledge content of production activities, and technology generation of regions. An original comparative analysis of two regions with different statuses in different automobile geographical production systems is used to identify the relevant elements in regional upgrading. The size, the position on the first level of the value chain, the decision-making power in the distribution and coordination of production activities and the capacity for technological innovation of domestic firms are key. The impact of institutions in regional upgrading also depends on the performance of their innovation infrastructures and public policy for the development of domestic firms.

Topic: Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fabrication of Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 quasi-solid electrolyte with high conductivity and compatibility through AAO template

Employing inorganic ion conductors as solid electrolytes (SEs) is one promising solution to develop advanced all- and quasi-solid-state batteries with high energy and safety advantages. Among numerous Li+ ion conductors, Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) has attracted extensive attention due to its preponderances of air stability and superior Li+ conductivity. However, the practical application of the LATP electrolyte is still obsessed by serious side reactions at the Li-electrode/electrolyte interface. In this work, one kind of quasi-solid electrolyte (QSE) is designed combining anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), LATP, and liquid electrolyte [LE, LiPF6/ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (EC-DMC)], wherein well-ordered LATP arrays are constructed in the AAO framework to facilitate ionic transport, and a certain content of the LE is introduced to reduce the interfacial resistances. The characterization results suggest that the ionic conductivity of as-prepared AAO–LATP–QSE (ALQSE) is boosted up to ∼6.50 × 10−3 S cm−1 with a Li+ transference number of 0.66, especially the interval between the LATP compound and the Li-metal electrode can effectively restrain Ti4+→Ti3+ reduction at the Li-anode/electrolyte interface. Thus, the assembled LiFePO4|ALQSE|Li cell exhibits excellent electrochemical stability, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 153.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and remaining 152.4 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles with a fairly mild reduction of 0.028% per cycle. This study not only presents a facile strategy to prepare a robust QSE framework employing an AAO template but also promotes the rational interface design between titanium (Ti)-containing solid-state electrolytes and Li-metal anodes.

Topic: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Assessment of Prospective Protein Bases for Microbiological Media

Objective of the work is to carry out comparative assessment of the pancreatic hydrolysates of protein-containing products, both phytogenous and zoogenous, as nutrient base for microbiological media. Gelatine, soy, soy concentrate, maize gluten, fish meal, common kilka, and bovine blood have been used as a feedstock. Protein stuff hydrolysis, hydrolysate purification, and validation of physical-chemical properties were performed in accordance with conventional techniques. Testing of peptone biological parameters has been carried out on the model of nutrient agar using Shigella flexneri 1a 8516, Shigella sonnei “S form”, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27/99, Serratia plymuthica 1 test strains. Identified have been physical-chemical parameters of the hydrolysates under study. Detected are the variations in quantity, diameter and frequency of dissociation among the colonies of Shigella flexneri 1a 8516, Shigella sonnei “S form”, chromogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27/99, Serratia plymuthica 1, cultivated on agar media with hydrolysates under study. Obtained are the comparative data on physical-chemical and biological parameters of all experimental hydrolysates, which offers an opportunity to differentiate their choice when adding them into bacteriological nutrient media.

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Phase distortion in holographic scanning microscopy: source and elimination

The ZEISS LSM-510 laser scanning microscope was modified; as a result, a system for recording digital holograms in the scanning mode of the microscope was obtained. The features of the reconstruction of recorded holograms are considered both theoretically and by simulation. Phase distortion impact is investigated. Algorithm and MatLab code for reconstruction of holograms was created allowing correct restoration both intensity and phase of the object wave. Comments and questions should be directed to the OSA Conference Papers staff (tel: +1 202.416.6191, e-mail: cstech@osa.org ).

Topic: Digital Holography and Microscopy
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
DEVS formalism as a framework for advanced distributed simulation

Advanced distributed simulation (ADS) is an enabling concept to support the networked interaction of models and real-world elements resident at geographically dispersed sites planned for next-generation simulation environments such as the Joint Simulation System (JSIMS). In this paper, we review the DEVS (discrete event systems specification) formalism and indicate why it provides the right framework to address many of the difficult technical issues that must be solved to enable ADS to provide infrastructures for distributed simulation. Then we address two of these issues in detail. The first issue addressed is the use of filtering and predictive contracts to reduce the tremendous amounts of data and control messages that must be transmitted in simulations. The second part focuses on scheduling and synchronization mechanisms for the efficient parallel execution of such models.

Topic: Simulation Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Variability of the Morphometric Characteristics of Valley Networks Caused by Variations in a Scale

According to their shape, the valley networks are divided into six basic types (Howard 1967; Fairbridge 1968; Demek 1987; Babar 2005; Hugget 2007). Relevance to the given shape tends to be determined only based on the visual similarity to the pattern of the given network shape. The valley networks have a fractal character (Turcotte 1997, 2007a, 2007b; Baas 2002; Mandelbrot 2003) and their analysis is influenced by the scale selection (sensu Bendix 1994). This article indicates the quantitative tools, with assistance of which it is possible to characterize the morphology (shape) of the valley network and determine their variability caused by the scale change. The monitored morphometric characteristics (quantitative tools) are: 1) “number of various order valleys” according to the Gravelius order system; 2) “valley networks’ density”; 3) “bifurcation ratio of various order valleys”; 4) “total lengths of various order valleys”; 5) “total length-order ratio of various order valleys”; 6) “average lengths of various order valleys”; 7) “average length-order ratio of various order valleys”; 8) “fractal dimension of various order valleys”; 9) “relative fractal dimension of various order valleys”; 10) “valley junction angles”; 11) “homogeneity of various order valleys”. These characteristics have been applied to the paradigmatic examples of the schematic valley networks and have been analyzed in three scales. In order to analyze the valley networks, the most suitable are “valley junction angles” and “homogeneity of various order valleys”, i.e. morphometric characteristics resistant to any increase in the scale, “number of various order valleys” and “total lengths of various order valleys”, where the relevant values dropped while increasing the scale, but the normal (Gauss) distribution of values was preserved.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Cold Auto-Agglutinin of Anti-B Specificity in an A(1)B Patient

A high titre cold auto-agglutinin with anti-B activity was found in the serum of an A(1)B group individual. The B/anti-B reaction was thermodynamically investigated and quantitative analysis of the patient’s B antigen revealed no abnormality.

Topic: Blood groups and transfusion
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Local Government and the Unelected State

The conventional view about local government and the transfer of many of its powers and responsibilities to unelected bodies is well summed up in the Association of Metropolitan Authorities' 1994 discussion document 'Changing the Face of QUANGOs': Democratic government in Britain today is threatened by the growth of a 'new magistracy' of appointees who sit on public bodies, spend taxpayers' money and take decisions (often in private) which should properly be the preserve of elected politicians from local government. Elected councillors have been removed from other bodies on which they used to sit as of right. QUANGOs now account for approximately £49.7 billion of public expenditure (about 20% of the total) - more than is allocated to local government in England and Wales in revenue Support Grant.

Topic: Political Systems and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A fuzzy olfactory detection system design

There is almost at least one kind of sensor relative to any perception of a human. However, due to the perception subjectivity and the component complexity, there is still no exact sensor for tasting and smelling. Hence we try to develop an olfactory detection system by joining eight different gas sensors and a HOLTEK single-chip micro-processor with fuzzy algorithm. Our system is cheap and can form a sensor network.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Latridius jantaricus Borowiec 1985

Latridius jantaricus Borowiec, 1985 (Fig. 13) Material examined. Two specimens with collection numbers “12” [HPR] and “17” [HPR], Baltic amber, Yantarny, Kaliningrad region, Russia; body length of each beetle is 1.5 mm (specimen “12”), and 1.8 mm (specimen “17”); colouration is dark brown throughout.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gambling: normal adolescent activity or pathologic addiction?

A 15-year-old comes to the school counselor. He owes $4,000 in gambling debts to a sports-betting bookie, and he doesn't have the money. He is afraid. Yet, 2 weeks later, he bet on the Super Bowl and won $3,000. A 14-year-old limits his betting to $20 and $30; he only bets what he has and he is happy with his successes. A 17-year-old was born with a malformed arm and cannot play sports; instead, he makes bets on sports games. He sells his belongings to get the money he needs; right now, he owes $700. Are the behaviors of these teens unusual?

Topic: Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: A New Active Catalyst Species for Enantioselective Alkylation by Phase‐ Transfer Catalysis.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in DNA methylation associated with type of delivery

Abstract Background : A type of delivery represents an epigenetic factor with potential to affect further development by multiple mechanisms. One of them can be DNA methylation, which represents major epigenetic mechanism inolving direct chemical modification to the DNA. This study aims to examine wheather type of delivery induces changes of DNA methylation comparing the umbilical cord blood and periphery blood of the newborns. Methods : The blood samples from infants, born by vaginal delivery and cesarean section, were used to preparation of the Methylseq library according to NEBNext enzymatic Methyl-seq Methylation Library Preparation Kit with further generation of target-enriched DNA libraries by Twist Human Methylome Panel. DNA methylation status was measured using Illumina next-generation sequencing. Results : We identified 168 differentially methylated regions in umbilical cord blood samples and 157 regions in peripheral blood samples. These were associated with 59 common biological, metabolic and signaling pathways for umbilical cord and peripheral blood samples. Conclusions : Cesarean section probably represents important epigenetic factor with potential to induce changes in genome, which could play an important role in development of broad spectrum of disorders. Our results could contribute to elucidate how epigenetic factors, like type of delivery, could have an adverse impact on health later in the life.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD LHDGAUSS_RAY_MWRM1 #181048.1 (analyzed)

Ray trajectories for microwave reflectometry (mwrm) at set1 point obtained using ray-tracing code LHDGauss.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
FRUITFUL : integrated supply-chain information system for fruit produce between South Africa and the Netherlands

South-African and Dutch research institutes and business partners collaborated in several pilot projects for improving logistical performance and quality performance to strengthen the market position of South-African fruit after deregulation of the domestic market. Based on participatory problem assessment, it was concluded that major bottlenecks for realizing fully integrated exchange of information were far less of a the technical nature (hardware and software), but had to do with the cost side and the `human¿ nature, e.g., education, procedures, data accuracy, mistrust, competition, institutional capacities and organization. Pilots were conducted to improve inter-company planning, coordination and information exchange, and to enhance the role of the government in moving towards standardization.

Topic: Business Strategies and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences