jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Referral for Hospice and Palliative Care Differs among Patients with Different End-of-Life Trajectories: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Emergency units have been gradually recognized as important settings for palliative care initiation, but require precise palliative care assessments. Patients with different illness trajectories are found to differ in palliative care referrals outside emergency unit settings. Understanding how illness trajectories associate with patient traits in the emergency department may aid assessment of palliative care needs. This study aims to investigate the timing and acceptance of palliative referral in the emergency department among patients with different end-of-life trajectories. Participants were classified into three end-of-life trajectories (terminal, frailty, organ failure). Timing of referral was determined by the interval between the date of referral and the date of death, and acceptance of palliative care was recorded among participants eligible for palliative care. Terminal patients had the highest acceptance of palliative care (61.4%), followed by those with organ failure (53.4%) and patients with frailty (50.1%) (p = 0.003). Terminal patients were more susceptible to late and very late referrals (47.4% and 27.1%, respectively) than those with frailty (34.0%, 21.2%) and with organ failure (30.1%, 18.8%) (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.022). In summary, patients with different end-of-life trajectories display different palliative care referral and acceptance patterns. Acknowledgement of these characteristics may improve palliative care practice in the emergency department.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integration of macromolecular diffraction data using radial basis function networks

This paper presents a novel approach for intensity calculation of X-ray diffraction spots based on a two-stage radial basis function (RBF) network. The first stage uses pre-determined reference profiles from a database as basis functions in order to locate the diffraction spots and identify any overlapping regions. The second-stage RBF network employs narrow basis functions capable of local modifications of the reference profiles leading to a more accurate observed diffraction spot approximation and therefore accurate determination of spot positions and integrated intensities.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biosynthesis of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid by Engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum Co-Overexpressing Glutamate Decarboxylase and Class I Heat Shock Protein

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that has a significant beneficial effect on human health. Traditional microbial GABA synthesis requires continuous oxygen supplementation. Here, a new anaerobic platform for GABA production was established with engineered C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755, which is considered an ideal anaerobic microbial-cell factory for bioproduction. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and Class I heat-shock proteins were screened and overexpressed, generating an excellent Ct-pMAG strain for monosodium-glutamate (MSG) tolerance and GABA production, with a GABA titer of 14.26 g/L in serum bottles with the mixed substrate of glucose and MSG. Fed-batch fermentation was carried out in a 5 L bioreactor, achieving 35.57 g/L and 122.34 g/L final titers of GABA by applying the pH-free strategy and the pH-control strategy, respectively using MSG. Finally, a two-stage strategy (growth stage and bioconversion stage) was applied using glutamate acid (L-Glu) and glucose as the substrate, obtaining a 400.32 g/L final titer of GABA with a productivity of 36.39 g/L/h. Overall, this study provides an anaerobic-fermentation platform for high-level bio-GABA production.

Topic: GABA and Rice Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

We are able to read this because of quantum and thermodynamic principles that via an inorganic proton gradient, possibly generated 4.2 billion years ago, gave rise to a system that has an awareness of time and space by using energy to integrate information.Life can be described as a dissipative system driven by an energy gradient that uses information to positively reinforce its self-sustaining structure, which in turn increases its non-linear decisional capacity.Key in the evolution of life has been stress coupled to natural selection, which usually meant an increased demand for energy.As hormesis describes the adaptive response to stress, we propose that hormesis embraces not only the evolution of life, but that of intelligence itself, as natural selection would favour systems that enhances its efficiency.A component of the hormetic response in eukaryotes is the mitochondrion, which itself relies on quantum effects such as tunnelling.This suggests that quantum effects control the stability of individual cells as well as long-lived cellular networks.Hormesis, which can be anti-inflammatory, is therefore key in maintaining the functional stability of complex systems, including the brain.In contrast, a lack of classical hormetic factors, such as physical activity, plant polyphenols, or calorie restriction, will lead to accelerated cognitive decline, which is associated with increased inflammation.However, there may be another previously unidentified factor that could also be considered hormetic, and that is thinking itself.Here we propose that the process of "thinking", and managing complex movement, induces "stress" in the neuronal system and is therefore in itself part of maintaining cognitive health and reserve throughout life.In effect, the right amount of thinking and information processing can beneficially induce adaptation, and this itself could be explainable by quantum thermodynamics.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
New insight on the interaction of self-activated and Mn-related emission centers in ZnS

The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra of undoped and thermally doped with Mn ZnS single crystals are studied. In the PL spectra, the bands caused by Mn-related and self-activated (SA) emission centers were observed. A number of narrow peaks whose intensity enhanced with increasing Mn content were found in the PLE spectra of SA emission. The same peaks were present in the PLE spectra of the Mn-related emission band. Some of these peaks were previously observed in the absorption spectra and attributed to Mn2+ ions. The appearance of Mn-related peaks in the PLE spectra of SA emission is explained by excitation transfer from the Mn2+ ions to SA emission centers. The conditions required for this transfer and possible mechanisms of the process are discussed.

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF PROSTATE CANCER SYSTEMIC PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

The impact of different prognostics factors on the probability of development local and systemic relups in patient with biochemical recurrence following prostatectomy was studied. By multivariable analysis, predictors of systemic progression were seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b) (p = 0,005), trigger prostate-specific antigen level greater than 2 ng/mL (p = 0,03), prostate-specific antigen doubling time of 6 months or less (p = 0,002) and prostate-specific antigen velocity greater than 0,1 ng/mL per month (p &amp;lt; 0,0001). The rate of systemic progression in patient with not greater than one unfavorable predictor was 6,3 %, with two or greater predictors – 88,9 % (p &amp;lt; 0,001).

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High genetic and haplotype diversity in vaccine candidate <i>Pfceltos</i> but not <i>Pfrh5</i> among malaria-infected children in Ibadan, Nigeria

Malaria remains a global public health challenge. The disease has a great impact in sub-Saharan Africa among children under five years of age and pregnant women. Malaria control programs targeting the parasite and mosquitoes vectors with combinational therapy and insecticide-treated bednets are becoming obsolete due to the phenomenon of resistance, which is a challenge for reducing morbidity and mortality. Malaria vaccines would be effective alternative to the problem of parasite and insecticide resistance, but focal reports of polymorphisms in malaria candidate antigens have made it difficult to design an effective malaria vaccine. Therefore, studies geared towards elucidating the polymorphic pattern and how genes targeted for vaccine design evolve are imperative. We have carried out molecular and genetic analysis of two genes encoding vaccine candidates—the Plasmodium falciparum cell traversal ookinetes and sporozoites ( Pfceltos ) and P. falciparum reticulocyte binding protein 5 ( Pfrh5 ) in parasite isolates from malaria-infected children in Ibadan, Nigeria to evaluate their genetic diversity, relatedness and pattern of molecular evolution. Pfceltos and Pfrh5 genes were amplified from P. falciparum positive samples. Amplified fragments were purified and sequenced using the chain termination method. Post-sequence edit of fragments and application of various population genetic analyses was done. We observed a higher number of segregating sites and haplotypes in the Pfceltos than in Pfrh5 gene, the former also presenting higher haplotype (0.942) and nucleotide diversity ( θ = 0.01219 and π = 0.01148). In contrast, a lower haplotype (0.426) and nucleotide diversity ( θ = 0.00125; π = 0.00095) was observed in the Pfrh5 gene. Neutrality tests do not show deviation from neutral expectations for Pfceltos , with the circulation of multiple low frequency haplotypes (Tajima’s D = −0.21637; Fu and Li’s D = −0.08164; Fu and Li’s F = −0.14051). Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between variable sites, in each of the genes studied. We postulate that the high diversity and circulation of multiple haplotypes has the potential of making a Pfceltos -subunit vaccine ineffective, while the low genetic diversity of Pfrh5 gene substantiates its evolutionary conservation and potential as a malaria vaccine candidate.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Resolving vertical and east‐west horizontal motion from differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar: The L'Aquila earthquake

Analysis of surface coseismic displacement has already been obtained for the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) earthquake from differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) data. Working jointly on ascending and descending DInSAR data makes for a step forward with respect to published preliminary estimates: we process data in order to retrieve a continuous displacement pattern, both in the vertical and horizontal directions, the latter being limited to the eastward component because of the low sensibility of the SAR images used to resolve northward motion. Our analysis provides new insights on the horizontal component of displacement, obtaining a clear picture of eastward displacement patterns over the epicentral area. This result is noteworthy, as until now little information has been available on horizontal displacement following normal‐fault events in the central Apennines (Umbria‐Marche, 1997, and L'Aquila, 2009), given the lack of dense GPS networks, the only available source of horizontal displacement data in this area. Inverted fault characteristics from such data also show noteworthy differences compared to previous studies, localizing the Paganica fault as the causative fault for the earthquake.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Inner Circle of Power on Twitter? How Politicians and Journalists Form a Virtual Network Elite in Finland

Top-level politicians and political journalists have been key actors in public discussion necessary for a democratic political system and transparent political decision-making. This article presents an empirical social network analysis showing the connections between Finnish top-level politicians and political journalists on Twitter and the construction of mediated political and media elites in this specific context. The article argues that there is a need to take seriously the Twitter as a medium and the new ways of networking provided by the digital, hybrid media environment in particular. The results of our empirical study suggest that it may even be relevant to talk about mediated elites, which have emerged under the new social condition created by the digitalization of media, culture, and society.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Theories of the Glass Electrode

Abstract A review of the various theories of potential formation on the glass‐electrode is followed by a discussion of the deviations from the ideal hydrogen (H) electrode function in the acidic and alkaline ranges from the viewpoint of the phase‐boundary‐potential theory. The effect of the composition and solubility of the glasses on the electromotive behavior is interpreted as a “medium effect” in the gel layer.

Topic: Glass properties and applications
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
'T'(ea) is for Terroir: An Analysis of the Branding and Valuation of Darjeeling Tea

Darjeeling Tea is one of the most expensive types of tea sold today. It has a Geographical Indication (GI) Status that brings it under the intellectual property regime. The tea is valued for the cultural category it signifies, beyond its utility. This research investigates how recognition as a GI product has helped in fetching these premiums, and what meanings are being produced by analyzing how the tea is represented in images and words by different actors. This research reveals that the value of Darjeeling Tea is inextricably tied to meanings of authenticity and rarity that have existed long before the GI status was introduced, and the contradictions produced in the different ways these meanings are produced and values are created, revealing the complex web of capital, human behavior and power structures that span across space and scale.

Topic: Organic Food and Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF TRANSFUSION OF DONOR ON ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL

It has been reported by two European transplant centers that blood transfusion of cadaver donors with third-party blood prior to nephrectomy increases renal allograft survival rates by approximately 30% at 1 year. A retrospective analysis in our center was performed on 293 kidney recipients, 110 of whom received kidneys from untransfused donors. Actuarial analyses revealed no significant differences in graft survival rates between all nontransfused donor kidneys and all transfused donor kidneys. Considering only first transplant recipients, there was no difference in graft survival rates between nontransfused donor kidneys and transfused donor kidneys. In addition, when only preoperatively transfused recipients receiving first transplants were examined, there was no difference in graft survival rates between nontransfused donor kidneys and transfused donor kidneys. Animal studies were performed with (Lewis x Brown Norway)F1 (LBNF1) hybrid rat hearts transplanted heterotopically to the abdomens of Lewis rat recipients. Six LBNF1 heart grafts had a mean survival time of 8.0 +/- 1.1 days. Five LBNF1 rats received 2 ml of heparinized whole blood from Charles River (CD) rats 24 hr before heart transplantation to Lewis recipients. The transfused LBNF1 grafts had a mean survival time of 6.6 +/- 0.9 days. Therefore, donor blood transfusion does not appear to prolong graft survival in this retrospective human study or in the animal model.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reliability of acid-base variables of arterial blood using the astrup micro-equipment

The test - retest reliability coefficients of the values of measurements made on the pH, the Pco₂, the standard bicarbonate, the base excess, and the buffer base, of arterial whole blood were estimated for a group of 30 male subjects with the use of the Astrup Micro-equipment, the Siggaard-Andersen revised Nomogram, and a testing program on three successive mornings. Reliability coefficients were estimated for these parameters in both the resting and the post-exercise conditions, and the intra-indivldual and the inter-individual variances were estimated for each reliability coefficient. It was found that the standard bicarbonate and the base excess had the more reliable values, and that the pH and PC0₂ had less reliable values. It was shown that the values of measurements of pH, standard bicarbonate and base excess were significantly different on Day 1 from those values on Days 2 and 3. This effect was attributed to apprehension towards the testing experience and to the strangeness of the testing environment. The measurement errors of the Astrup Micro-equipment and the Siggaard-Andersen revised Nomogram were estimated for the individual parameters. It was found that the buffer base was the only parameter in which the pH meter measurement error variance was large enough to have a decided effect upon the value of the reliability coefficient. The Nomogram measurement error variances were so small that they could be considered negligible. The temporal measurement error of the collection of blood - the error inherent in the time difference between the collection of successive tubes of blood - was investigated for the pH parameter. This temporal measurement error was shown to be practically negligible although statistically significant in the resting condition, but was shown to have both practical importance and statistical significance in the post-exercise condition.

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Statistical and Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of Electrically Induced Changes in the Conformational Structure of Polyampholytes on the Surface of a Flattened Metal Nanospheroid

A problem has been considered concerning the study of the formation of a macromolecular fringe layer of a polyampholyte chain adsorbed on the surface of a metal flattened nanospheroid, which either carries an excess electrical charge or is polarized by an external uniform field. For this system, a mathematical model has been proposed, which takes into account the entropy-related effect of the formation of different conformations of a Gaussian chain on the curved surface and the interaction of dipoles of chain segments with the field of the charged or polarized conducting nanospheroid. Molecular dynamics has been employed to study electrically induced conformational changes in polyampholytic polypeptides having different distances between oppositely charged units in a macrochain adsorbed on the surface of a flattened gold nanospheroid, which is either charged or polarized along its rotation axis. The distributions of the average linear density along the rotation axis and the radial distributions of the average density in the equatorial region of the nanospheroid have been calculated. On the surface of the charged flattened metal nanospheroid, macrochain loops are predominantly oriented in the direction of the nanospheroid rotation axis, as the distance between charged units in a macrochain increases. On the surface of a flattened nanospheroid polarized along the rotation axis in an external electric field, the macromolecular fringe swells in both the polar regions and the equatorial region of the nanospheroid, with the swelling being caused by the formation of macromolecular loops of two types.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Propeptide of carboxypeptidase Y provides a chaperone-like function as well as inhibition of the enzymatic activity.

The zymogen of the vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified and characterized with respect to activation as well as refolding in vitro. The purified procarboxypeptidase Y has no detectable activity but can be efficiently activated by proteinase K from Tritirachium album. We used this method of activation as a tool for the investigation of refolding procarboxypeptidase Y in vitro. The proenzyme, denatured in 6 M guanidinium chloride, is renatured efficiently after dilution of the denaturant, whereas the mature enzyme regains little activity in the same procedure. Changes in intrinsic fluorescence reveal the mature enzyme to be considerably more stable than the proenzyme toward denaturation with guanidinium chloride. This suggests that the propeptide induces a metastable structure important for overcoming energy barriers that might otherwise obstruct a productive folding pathway. The relatively large number of charged amino acid residues and a high theoretical potential for alpha-helix formation in the carboxypeptidase Y propeptide suggest a structural similarity to a number of other propeptides and heat shock proteins.

Topic: Signaling Pathways in Disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Behavior problems in blind children and youth: A prevalence study

The Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1979) was completed by classroom teachers for 104 children and youth (64 boys and 40 girls) at a state residential school for the blind to determine the prevalence of problem behavior. Results were compared to earlier studies of behavior problems of nonhandicapped children and of two groups of hearing-impaired children, one living at home and attending a community program and a second group attending a state residential school. Results were more similar to those obtained with the hearing-impaired children in the residential setting than to either the nonhandicapped or the hearing-impaired living at home. Comparisons by sex failed to find statistically significant differences.

Topic: Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences