jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Land Tenure Management: A Key Determinant in Sustainable Farming the - Example of Martinique

For the past fifteen years the notion of sustainable farming has become a constant reference in defining rural development policies. For many years, this concept was assimilated to that of the reproducibility of eco-systems and social and economic factors were not taken into consideration. Yet, in Martinique, as in many other insular states in the Caribbean, control over the way farmland is managed is a prerequisite in defining any so-called sustainable farming policy. The analysis of changes in the use of farmland shows that the intergenerational transfer of land is not ensured: the usable agricultural area has decreased by 38% in less than thirty years, with nevertheless substantial spatial variations. In the same way, it seems that more than 50%) of farms are not economically viable because of their size. In addition, different studies on farming practises show that the land tenure structures of the farms may constitute an obstacle to the application of environmentally friendly practises. To address this problem, many regulations, tools and operators have been implemented in recent decades and at different territorial levels. In spite of everything, because of insufficient political will due to the paradoxical position of farmers and of their representatives (who speak out "in the name of the farming profession" for the preservation of farmland, but whose interests at the individual level are that their land should be declassified as building land), most of these measures have not had the desired effects. For 3 or 4 years, new initiatives have seen the light of day (implementation of the control of land tenure structures and definition of local sustainable development plans). The future of agriculture in Martinique - and therefore its sustainability - will probably depend on the rigour with which these measures are applied.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Scenery Representation in Poetry of the Palestinian Resistance, a Poem "in Jerusalem" by Tamim Barghouthi _an Artistic Approach_

The Study aims at revealing the features of the scenery representation in the poetry of the Palestinian Resistance. Exactly, the Poem "in Jerusalem" by Tamim Barghouthi. The study starts from the fact that poetry is based on an artistic and dramatic construction which is rich of time, place, music, cinematic, persons and dynamic scenes. All of these are basic components of a scenery representation.&#x0D; By analysing the poem "In Jerusalem" by the young refugee poet Tamim Barghouthi we made a modest attempt to pick up some fruits of the scenery representation between the folds of the vocabulary and the compositions that were embodied in this poem.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Topic: Middle East Politics and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes forTolerance to Drought using Yield Based Tolerance Indices

A pot trial was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman University of Agriculture, Gazipur from November 2021 to March 2022 to identify relatively tolerant maize genotypes based on growth, yield, yield stability and stress tolerance. indexes. Twenty maize genotypes, including CML-580, CML-563, CML-591, CML-579, CML-588, CML-593, CML-564, BD-814, BD-821, BD-824, BD-10242, BD-811, BD-826, BD-837, BD-808, BD-10237, and BD-10240, were grown under control conditions (80% of field capacity, FC) and drought conditions (40% of FC) following completely randomized design with three replications. Plant and cob height, days to maturity, cob length, cob girth, number of rows/cob, and kernel yield/plant were recorded. Drought stress reduced plant height, cob height, cob length, cob girth, number of rows/cob, and finally maize yield, but increased the days to maturity. Among the maize genotypes, CML-593, CML-564, BD-814, and BD-821 had the lowest decrease in kernel yield, while BD-808 and BD-813 had the highest decrease. Genotypes CML-593, CML-564, BD-814, and BD-821, on the other hand, demonstrated a higher yield stability index and stress tolerance index. Based on their yield and stress tolerance index, genotypes CML-593, CML-564, BD-814, and BD-821 appear to be drought tolerant, whereas BD-808 and BD-813 appear to be drought sensitive. How to Cite: Md. Abdul Mannan, Ferdousi Begum, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Ahsan Habib, 2023. "Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes forTolerance to Drought using Yield Based Tolerance Indices." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 329-337.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Grass pasture and hay field herbicides

GRASS PASTURE AND HAY FIELD HERBICIDES Tim R. Murphy, Extension Agronomist-Weed Science February 2011 For many years, 2,4-D (several trade names), dicamba (Vanquish, Banvel) and 2,4-D + dicamba (WeedMaster, other trade names) were the primary herbicides used for broadleaf weed control in pastures and hay fields. While these products are still valuable components of broadleaf weed management, several new herbicides have been registered in recent years for weed control in pastures and hayfields. The following is a discussion of the characteristics and uses of these herbicides.

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of secondary aerosol and its extinction effects on visibility over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Aerosol samples collected from July 2007 to March 2008 were used to obtain major aerosol constituents in an urban location in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD), China. The minimum organic carbon (OC)/elemental carbon (EC) ratio was used to calculate the primary and secondary organic carbon and the extinction effect of the secondary aerosol on visibility was estimated. As indicated in the analysis, the mass of secondary aerosol takes up 50% of the total mass of PM2.5; the OC/EC ratio is larger than 2 and there are significant characteristics of secondary aerosol generation; the levels of secondary OC are comparable with those of sulfate; and there is obvious enrichment of secondary aerosol on more polluted days. In a dry environment, the extinction weight is 59% for the secondary aerosol, while it is as high as 82% if the environment is highly humid (relative humidity [RH] = 95%). The hygroscopic growth of the aerosol can reduce visibility greatly; the secondary aerosol shares much larger quotas on more polluted days. For the Pearl River Delta (PRD), secondary aerosol and carbonaceous aerosol, especially secondary organic carbon (SOC), are a very acute problem; the study of the generating mechanism and sources for secondary aerosol is the key to the effort of controlling visibility in this region. The equation set forth in IMPROVE experiments can only be referenced but is not applicable to evaluate the extinction effect of individual aerosol components on visibility in the PRD region.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Barnyard millet: A crop of promise elucidated through correlation and path analysis

With today's changing dietary demands and agricultural constraints, millets have become essential crops with significant agronomic and nutritional benefits. Among these, barnyard millet stands out for its resilience and nutritional richness. Despite its considerable nutritional and agronomic benefits, Barnyard millet suffers from a lack of recognition, relegating it to the status of a neglected and underutilized crop. The present study ventures into barnyard millet cultivation, utilizing correlation and path coefficient analysis to elucidate the complex interplay influencing its productivity and attributes. The study was conducted over two consecutive years and involved 172 genotypes with 23 yield-contributing traits under scrutiny. Panicle weight per plant (PWPP) (0.98), single panicle weight (0.81), biological yield per plant (0.79) and harvest index (0.71) exhibited strong positive correlations with grain yield per plant. While PWPP (0.82), PL (0.36), DSYPP (0.31) and HI (0.30) demonstrated high direct positive effects on grain yield per plant in the path coefficient analysis, emphasizing their significance in breeding programs. By improving these traits through selective breeding or genetic manipulation, researchers can potentially develop high-yielding varieties better adapted to varying environmental conditions. Conversely, days to maturity had a significant negative correlation with grain yield (-0.28) focusing on selecting early maturity genotypes. Panicle exertion (-0.30), biological yield per plant (-0.21) and flag leaf sheath length (-0.18) had the highest negative direct effects in the path analysis, suggesting their potential role as limiting factors in barnyard millet cultivation. Overall, these findings provide a roadmap for future research endeavours aimed at enhancing the productivity and resilience of barnyard millet, ultimately contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability in regions where this crop plays a vital role.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementing Clinical Governance in a Private Wellness Service

<strong>Context:</strong> Clinical governance describes a systematic approach to ensuring the quality and safety of healthcare which has become accepted as one of the foundations of effective healthcare. This project describes the implementation of a clinical governance system in a private healthcare setting over a nine month period, in which lack of clinical governance and oversight had been identified as a significant risk. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the project was to design and implement an effective, sustainable clinical governance system to ensure the safety and quality of care delivered in a private health screening service. <strong>Methods:</strong> The key principles and components of clinical governance, and evidence guiding effective implementation, were established through review of the literature. The HSE change model was used as the organisational development framework for the change process, including strategic analysis, stakeholder management, communication, planning and implementation. <strong> Evaluation:</strong> The project was evaluated against seven objectives using service data, clinical audit and a stakeholder survey to measure project implementation and project outcomes. Outcome evaluation was limited by the timescale of the project. <strong>Results:</strong> 71% of the objectives were fully achieved and 29% partly achieved. A causal link was established between the implementation approach and process change, and between process change and improved outcomes. Before-after evaluation of service data combined with clinical audit confirmed that clinical governance structures and processes were implemented and working as intended. Stakeholders perceived the change as positively affecting service safety, and the system design was seen as being fit for purpose without imposing an excessive workload. The leadership and change management approach were seen as effective, and there was evidence supporting the sustainability of the system. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Use of the HSE change model, with a combined top-down and bottom-up approach, in the context of a model of engaging leadership and the development of distributed leadership, provides an effective approach to clinical governance implementation and healthcare innovation. Culture was an important enabler, while resourcing and information technology support emerged as important barriers.

Topic: Healthcare Quality and Management
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study of <i>α</i>-Chymotrypsin as Relevant to Catalytic Activity in Aqueous–Organic Media

Abstract The effects of the composition of aqueous–organic mixed solvents on steady state fluorescence emission of α-chymotrypsin were investigated. In all the solvent systems, maximum wavelength of fluorescence emission shifted initially to higher wavelength and then to lower wavelength by increasing water content in organic solvents. The results were interpreted in terms of the changes in microenvironment of tryptophan residues in the enzyme due to conformational modification of the enzyme. The maximum emission wavelength of chymotrypsin is well correlated to its catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester. Activity of chymotrypsin decreased or it was totally inhibited at solvent compositions which give long emission wavelength of the enzyme. The results suggest that the fluorescence spectroscopy may be useful for detection of conformational changes and alteration of catalytic activity of the enzyme.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
‘An Entirely Different Order of Writer’: A Re-Evaluation of Dinah Mulock Craik

Dinah Craik is generally considered a conservative author of ‘domestic’ literature, yet, as this thesis argues, she wrote forthrightly on the key socio-political topics of the day, almost invariably challenging the mainstream viewpoint. Drawing from a broad range of Craik’s journalism and fiction, the thesis considers in particular how the reconfiguration of gender boundaries suggested in her work, is radical in its insistence that the requirements for virtue and fulfilment are essentially the same for both sexes. &#13;\nChapter One examines one of Craik’s periodical articles, ’War-sparkles’ (1855), an exceptional piece of journalism which encapsulates many of the key themes and values defining her work. Chapter Two explores Craik’s representations of masculinity. The hero of John Halifax, Gentleman, is commonly perceived as the product of an over-idealised view of men, but it is clear from the many essays and novels in which she vehemently condemns male conduct, that his portrayal is a reaction against the failure of the middle-classes to live up to the reformist ideals he embodies. Craik’s concept of gentlemanliness is explored further through her use of the figures of the clergyman, doctor, author, and disabled man, each illustrating her engagement with specific contemporary issues central to the construction of masculine identity. Chapter Three considers how Craik’s encouragement of female self-dependence through education and employment, and exposure of the damaging effects of ‘the want of something to do’, openly subverts the prevailing view of marriage as the only path to fulfilment, and reflects her generally pessimistic vision of domestic life. Her portrayals of self-reliant working women provide positive role models for her readers, but also reveal her understanding of the anxieties of single life. Craik’s sympathetic depictions of women who do not conform to the Victorian model of acceptable femininity, whether through physical impairment, race, or ‘fallenness’ are, it is suggested, further evidence of the progressive stance that makes her work so distinctive and compelling.

Topic: Socioeconomic Development in Asia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Testing the Anticancer Effect of Matcha Using Zebrafish as an Animal Model

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients show the poorest prognosis and survival and the highest metastasis prevalence among all breast cancer subtypes. Matcha has recently been associated with multiple health benefits, and in vitro studies showed the potential effect of matcha in inhibiting cancer development and metastasis. We aimed to determine the safe, non-toxic dose of matcha suitable for zebrafish and to investigate the anticancer effect of matcha on the metastasis and growth of human TBNC cells using a zebrafish xenograft model. Wild-type AB zebrafish were used to conduct multiple general toxicity assessments, including developmental, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular toxicities. The safe, non-toxic concentration of matcha was determined to be 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL. Afterward, the zebrafish xenograft model was successfully established for MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. The tumor size and metastasis of the injected cancer cells were traced through CM-Dil red fluorescent dye. Upon exposure to matcha at the safe doses, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 showed a trend toward reduction in tumor size in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by quantified fluorescence. Matcha also visibly suppressed metastasis of cancer cells in the zebrafish body. Our results point to a potential dose-dependent anticancer effect of matcha on TNBC cells; however, more extended observation periods after xenotransplantation are required to confirm the long-term anticancer effect of matcha on tumor growth and metastasis.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Modifying Range-Doppler geometry frameworks to process Spotlight SAR imagery in Polar Format

We present a simple method to enable processing of Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery distributed in Polar Format (PFA) using standard Range-Doppler (RDA) geometry algorithms. Our approach is applicable to PFA SAR images characterized by a constant value of the Center of Aperture (COA) time. We present simplified expressions for forward (image-to-ground) and inverse (ground-to-image) geometry mapping using Sensor Independent Complex Data (SICD) conventions. We discuss simple changes needed to current open source SAR software that implement Range-Doppler algorithms, to enable support within them for Spotlight data distributed in SICD format. We include a proof-of-concept script that utilizes the Python packages sarpy and isce3 to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed approach.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
<b>Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Using ECG-Gated Multidetector CT:</b> Effect of Individually Optimized Image-Reconstruction Windows on Image Quality and Measurement Reproducibility

The use of individually optimized image-reconstruction windows leads to a significant improvement in image quality. However, interscan variability of calcium mass measurements remains high.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
doi:10.5194/amt-8-3087-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The Ice Selective Inlet: a novel technique for exclusive extraction of pristine ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds

Abstract. Climate predictions are affected by high uncer-tainties partially due to an insufficient knowledge of aerosol– cloud interactions. One of the poorly understood processes is formation of mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) via heterogeneous ice nucleation. Field measurements of the atmospheric ice phase in MPCs are challenging due to the presence of much more numerous liquid droplets. The Ice Selective Inlet (ISI), presented in this paper, is a novel inlet designed to selec-tively sample pristine ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds and extract the ice residual particles contained within the crystals for physical and chemical characterization. Using a modular setup composed of a cyclone impactor, droplet evaporation unit and pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), the ISI segregates particles based on their inertia and phase, ex-clusively extracting small ice particles between 5 and 20 µm

Topic: Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Corrosion Resistance Performance of Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coated Rebars

Corrosion resistance properties of fusion bonded epoxy coated rebars (FBECR) directly exposed as well as under embedded condition in concrete mortars in simulated
concrete pore solution (SPS) and 3.5%NaCl have been studied. Electrochemical techniques (Direct current and A.C. impedance spectroscopy) have been employed to assess the performance of the coatings. The results show that 
the FBECR is extremely stable in contact of aqueous solutions having no trace of chloride ions. In the pre-sence of chloride ions, however, deterioration of the coating has been noted. EIS studies have been used to
determine as water absorbability, loss of electrical insulation properties and change in resistances and capac-itance of the coated interface with the passage of time.

Topic: Concrete Corrosion and Durability
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diabetes and Thrombosis: The Dark Side of the Force

Thrombotic diseases where platelets form clots and obstruct blood vessels remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Despite intense investigation over the last 40 years into the discovery and development of more effective drugs, less than 1 in 6 patients taking anti-thrombotic therapies avoid a fatal event. This situation is likely to worsen in younger generations due to the rapidly growing incidence of diabetes, which makes people more prone to thrombosis and resistant to existing anti-thrombotics with unknown reasons. To investigate this, I have developed the ‘Biomembrane Force Probe’ as the first-of-its-kind. This nanotool represents a significant departure from traditional biological studies of protein-protein and cell-cell interactions after prolonged incubation, uniquely suitable for studying these transient interactions in rapidly circulating blood under mechanical force. I have identified a previously unrecognised force-sensing mechanism utilised by platelets during blood clotting (Nature Materials 2019). This mechanism is dysregulated in diabetes, leading to shear-specific enhancement in platelet thrombus formation. Importantly, my studies defined a new therapeutic approach to reduce platelet shear force-sensing function – through inhibition of PI3-Kinase 110beta (Nature Communications 2018). This may ultimately lead to a new treatment to combat the fatal thrombotic disease for patients with diabetes.

Topic: Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences