jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ten Things You Should Know about the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Representation

The purpose of the paper is to discuss ten things potential users should know about the limits of the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) representation for estimating and forecasting time-varying conditional correlations. The reasons given for caution about the use of DCC include the following: DCC represents the dynamic conditional covariances of the standardized residuals, and hence does not yield dynamic conditional correlations; DCC is stated rather than derived; DCC has no moments; DCC does not have testable regularity conditions; DCC yields inconsistent two step estimators; DCC has no asymptotic properties; DCC is not a special case of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Correlation (GARCC), which has testable regularity conditions and standard asymptotic properties; DCC is not dynamic empirically as the effect of news is typically extremely small; DCC cannot be distinguished empirically from diagonal Baba, Engle, Kraft and Kroner (BEKK) in small systems; and DCC may be a useful filter or a diagnostic check, but it is not a model.

Topic: Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Good Faith in Treaty Interpretation

Abstract This chapter examines the origins of the principle of good faith as forming part of the law of treaties and the functions of that principle in interpreting treaties. In particular, the chapter addresses good faith’s (objective) function as a technical tool assisting interpreters and as a possible vehicle for relying on principles of interpretation that are not codified in Articles 31 to 33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), as well as its (subjective) function as a standard for assessing the behaviour of the interpreter, while also assessing the validity of that distinction between functions. In doing so, the chapter draws widely on the caselaw of international courts and tribunals, including but not limited to investment treaty and trade tribunals, as well as the historical materials recording the debates in the International Law Commission (and elsewhere) leading to the conclusion of the VCLT.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A More Expedient Approach to the Synthesis of Anti-HIV-Active 2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-<i>threo</i>-pentofuranosyl Nucleosides

Starting with 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose, a versatile method for the synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl nucleosides is described and illustrated with the synthesis of 9-(2, 3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine and 1-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine. In this approach, the deoxygenation of the 3′-OH function is performed at the sugar stage of the synthesis prior to coupling with the purine or pyrimidine base.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SURVEILLANCE, SUBJECTIVISM AND TECHNOLOGIES OF POWER

The purpose of this article is to use a Foucauldian framework to explore the concept of disciplinary power and its relationship to sport. This article focuses on the dietary intake of athletes to show how this aspect of the discursive practice was shaped by the technology of power as a means of domination and the technology of the self as a means of transformation. Qualitative data collection for the research was conducted at several high-performance training centres located in urban areas where 17 athletes from four sports were interviewed. Foucauldian concepts such as surveillance and technologies of the self were employed to examine the power structure that shaped the discursive practice of athletes. A deconstructive strategy was then employed to examine the normalized compliance of the athletes and challenge validity of the discourse of expertise in which coaches engaged. We concluded that athletes are willing to settle for a power structure as long as they can find reasons to accept and internalize explanations that justify such an arrangement.

Topic: Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative protection of mice against virulent and attenuated strains of Brucella abortus by passive transfer of immune T cells or serum

Passively transferred immune serum provided significantly greater protection to BALB/c mice against attenuated Brucella abortus 19 than against virulent strain 2308, whether serum donors had been infected with strain 19 or 2308. In contrast, immune T cells conferred better protection upon recipients challenged with the homologous strain of B. abortus. It is hypothesized that strain 2308, but not strain 19, can survive in macrophages after opsonization and that epitopes which induce protective cell-mediated immunity may differ between strains 19 and 2308.

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative Analysis of Vascular Cell Differentiation From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell‐ and Urine‐Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Background and Objectives: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and urine‐derived epithelial cells have both emerged as valuable sources for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation, each presenting unique advantages in terms of accessibility and reprograming efficiency. This study aimed to assess and compare the potential of PBMC‐derived iPSCs (PiPSCs) and urine‐derived iPSCs (UiPSCs) in generating functional endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are critical for vascular tissue engineering and disease modeling. Phenotypic characteristics, differentiation efficacy, and functional properties of iPSC‐derived ECs and VSMCs from these distinct sources were investigated to reveal variations attributed to cellular origin. Methods and Results: PiPSCs and UiPSCs both successfully differentiated into functional ECs and VSMCs. EC differentiation efficiency was similar, yielding about 45% mature ECs with characteristic morphology, marker expression, and tube formation abilities, showing no significant differences between cell types. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of key endothelial markers (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 [PECAM1], cadherin 5 [CDH5], and melanoma cell adhesion molecule [MCAM]) and downregulation of lymphatic markers (Fms‐related tyrosine kinase 4 [FLT4], prospero homeobox protein 1 [PROX1], and podoplanin [PDPN]), confirming blood EC identity. The upregulation of collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) indicated a mature endothelial state with enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) production. VSMC differentiation resulted in high percentages of α ‐smooth muscle actin ( α ‐SMA) positive cells for both PiPSCs (96%) and UiPSCs (94%). These VSMCs exhibited typical spindle‐shaped morphology, expressed VSMC markers, and responded to carbachol. Transcriptomic analysis showed significant upregulation of VSMC markers (actin alpha 2 [ACTA2], caldesmon 1 [CALD1], calponin 1 [CNN1], transgelin [TAGLN], tropomyosin 2 [TPM2]), with concurrent downregulation of ACTA1 and upregulation of ACTA2, confirming their vascular smooth muscle phenotype. The upregulation of COL6A1 in VSMCs indicated a mature phenotype with enhanced ECM production, crucial for vascular tissue integrity and function. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted the upregulation of multiple hallmark pathways, delineating a distinctive transcriptional profile. Conclusions: This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of functionally differentiated ECs and VSMCs derived from PiPSCs and UiPSCs, providing critical insights into the expression patterns and phenotypic transitions during differentiation. Our findings enhance the understanding of distinct molecular signatures in iPSCs from different sources and their progeny.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Heteroleptic nickel complexes bearing O‐methyldithiophosphate and aminodiphosphine monosulfide ligands as robust molecular electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution

Five new heteroleptic nickel complexes containing O‐methyldithiophosphate and aminodiphosphine monosulfide ligands, [Ni((PPh 2 )({S}PPh 2 )NR)(S 2 P{O}OCH 3 )] (R = (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 ( 1 ), (CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 ( 2 ), (CH 2 ) 3 SCH 3 ( 3 ), (CH 2 ) 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ( 4 ), and C 6 H 4 CH 3 –4 ( 5 )), were synthesized by two different methods at room temperature. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C, 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], and ultraviolet–visible [UV–vis]), single crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as thermogravimetric analysis. In the crystal structures of 1 – 4 and 5 ⋅CH 2 Cl 2 , the nickel atom locates in a slightly distorted square‐planar coordination by one phosphorous atom and three sulfur atoms from the aminodiphosphine monodulfide and O‐meyldithiophosphate ligands. Furthermore, their electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic performances for the reduction proton to hydrogen have also been evaluated by the cyclic voltammetry using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the proton source. With the addition of 120 mM TFA to MeCN solution of 1 – 5 (1.0 mM), the turnover frequencies are estimated to be 494–706 s −1 , and the corresponding overpotentials are 0.61–0.70 V versus Fc + /Fc, respectively. This finding diagnoses that the heteroleptic nickel complexes can serve as robust and effective molecular electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.

Topic: Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impelementation and assessment of social and health local partnerships for integrated care in Catalonia

Integrated health and social care is emerging as a trending area of interest in the governmental policy agenda in Europe.Most governments are facing great challenge to overcome barriers to facilitate Integrated Care between health and social services.Integrated care has been in the health policy agenda but new challenges should be coped regarding the incorporation of social services, especially for the persons with complex chronic condition with health and social needs.Although this integration improves both health and social care systems, it is a difficult task to get both groups to work together due to different factors.Early this year, the Government of Catalonia issued a new Integrated Health and Social Care Plan to promote, lead and participate in the transformation of the social and health care model to achieve person-centred full integrated care and so to deliver holistic care to high-cost, high-need citizens in order to help to lower costs, enhance quality of care, and improve outcomes.During this session it will be shortly presented the journey from the Chronic Condition Prevention and Care Program to the new Integrated Health and Social Care Plan in Catalonia, but it's going to be focused specifically on the implementation strategy through Local Partnerships.9 of this Local Partnerships Implementation Projects have been assessed by the Catalan Agency for Quality in Health and Assessment so we can present and discuss the results of this evaluation about: -Structure and functioning of experiences identified that include a collaborative model (mainly: social services and primary care services).-Barriers and facilitators of collaborative models.-Perceived benefits and expected results and areas for improvement.-Propose a conceptual model of assessment and possible common pool of indicators

Topic: Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Various Cavities and Restorations on the Fracture Resistance of Teeth in vitro

Objective To study the effects of various cavities and restorations on fracture resistance of teeth in vitro. Methods Extracted human maxillary premolars were prepared for occlusal cavities and MO cavities, and various restorations were used. The electro-mechanical testing machine was used to perform the tests. Results There was difference in fracture resistance among various cavities and restorations. The fracture patterns were different. Conclusion The different types of cavities and various restorations affected the tooth fracture.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
In Praise of Fascist Beauty?

Taking as starting points a number of Gumbrecht's ideas and assertions about the merits and values of sport, this article considers if and why it might be worthy of our attention; as a spectacle and focus of study. Gumbrecht's questions about sport and ancient identities, its irresistible ability to seize the imagination, capture and distract attention, and his intrigue at the power of the mass crowds and empty stadia are related to various examples of sport in Fascist Italy. The first dictatorship to fully appreciate its power, this article shows how sport was both actor and object, exactly why this made it so important to the regime, and just how, in fact, this supports many of Gumbrecht's points. This brief analysis of Fascist sport that was both vast, ruthlessly organised and very successful, considers international and domestic football, boxing and Italy's World Heavyweight Champion Primo Carnera, plus the importance of crowds, stadiums and sporting venues, in assessing the role of athletes and events in the creation of athletic drama that was represented as a national collective experience. In the process, it will demonstrate sport's role as an important historical tool, whether it and its athletes are praiseworthy or not.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diagnostic tools in the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions of bone at biopsy

The diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions of bone can be challenging if radiological findings are ambiguous and tissue of the biologically deciding component is underrepresented in biopsy specimens. The frequent association of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) and chondroblastoma (CB) with (secondary) aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) may further impede correct classification. The present study evaluates the potentials and limitations of mutation-specific histone H3.3 and DOG1 immunohistochemistry, Sanger-/next generation sequencing (NGS) and FISH analysis in the differential diagnosis of 23 GCT, 14 CB and 19 ABC. All morphologically typical GCT and CB harbored mutations in the <i>H3F3A</i> or <i>H3F3B</i> gene, respectively. These were, except for one uncommon G34L mutation in a GCT, reliably and specifically detected by mutation-specific H3.3 G34W or H3.3 K36M immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing. In the diagnostic substantiation of CB, DOG1 staining was less sensitive compared to H3.3 K36M immunohistochemistry. 47% of ABC specifically showed translocations of the <i>USP6</i> gene, while mutations in <i>H3F3A/B</i> were absent. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that mutation-specific H3.3 immunohistochemistry (selectively complemented with NGS-based DNA sequencing) and <i>USP6</i> FISH analysis enable a reliable diagnostic distinction of GCT, CB and ABC of morphologically and radiologically difficult cases.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Psychosocial factors associated with migraine and tension-type headache in medical students

Background In our previous study of workers, blood donors and medical students, students stood out with a higher 1-year prevalence of migraine (28%) and tension-type headache (TTH) (74%). General factors associated with headache were common for all groups except low physical activity. The hypothesis of this study was therefore that a number of psychosocial factors relating to the personal sphere would better explain the high prevalence of migraine and TTH in students. Methods The study population consisted of 1042 students (719 females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, range 17–40). Headache diagnoses and associated factors were identified by direct professional semi-structured interview. We also interviewed about the following psychosocial factors: dissatisfaction with study, dissatisfaction with family life, dissatisfaction for personal reasons, bad financial situation, overwork, stress, not enough sleep, insomnia, depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, tendency towards conflicts and not being married. We report psychosocial factors associated with headache according to diagnosis and sex using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Several factors were significantly associated with migraine and TTH in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, two psychosocial factors were statistically significantly associated with migraine in all students: irritability (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.6) and overwork (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5). Insomnia (2.7, 95% CI 1.1–6.9) and depressed mood (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.2) were associated with migraine only in females. Two psychosocial factors were associated with TTH: dissatisfaction with study in males (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.8) and depressed mood in females (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.5). Conclusion Psychosocial factors from the personal sphere showed significant association with migraine and TTH in students. Such factors should therefore be major targets for preventive efforts to reduce the prevalence of primary headache disorders in students.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A transient detection and monitoring pipeline for LOFAR

When LOFAR, the LOw Frequency ARray, comes online over the next few years, it will provide an unprecedented sensitivity and field of view in the low-frequency radio regime.The Transients Key Project aims to exploit these capabilities by constructing an automatic system for monitoring the sky for transient sources with LOFAR.Such a project requires automatic processing and archiving of a huge volume of data, presenting a software design and engineering challenge.Here, we present an overview of some of the technical issues faced, as well as outlining the approaches adopted to address them.

Topic: Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Contractual dependencies:

ABSTRACT One of the most conspicuous livelihood strategies for physically disabled people in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, is a particular style of begging known locally as “doing documents.” Confronted with the stigma of begging, disabled beggars create documents in an attempt to legitimize and regulate begging through formalization and bureaucracy, presenting their relationship with donors as NGO fund‐raising and government tax‐collecting. The dynamics of petitioning for these “contractual dependencies” provide a nuanced perspective on desired dependencies: dependencies can be presented in multiple ways, and people consider some dependencies more legitimate and valuable than others. Recipients are not passive but play a defining role in shaping these relationships, seeking a balance between proximity and desired distance to patrons. [ dependence , disability , distribution , bureaucracy , begging , temporality , Democratic Republic of Congo ]

Topic: Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
New Flavone Glucoside Malonylesters from Bryum capillare

Abstract From Bryum capillare Hedw. a variety of flavone glucosides and their 6″ malonyl esters were isolated. Diosmetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-malonylester, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-malonyl-ester and 6-OH-luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-malonylester are new flavone malonyl esters. This is the first report of flavone glucoside malonylesters in a non vascular plant. The flavonoid pattern of the gametophyte is different from that of the sporophyte. The chemotaxonomic relevance of these results is discussed.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A CAD System for Lung Nodule Detection based on an Anatomical Model and a Fuzzy Neural Network

An automated system was developed for lung nodule detection in lung low-dose computer tomography (CT) scans. The system exploits a thorax anatomical model in order to distinguish the 3D anatomical structures corresponding, in the order, to the chest wall, the trachea and the two lung lobes. Each anatomical structure is described in terms of characteristics like volume, X-ray attenuation, and position with respect to structures already recognised. Once the two pulmonary parenchymas have been isolated from the rest of the chest, nodules are looked for inside them. More precisely, the robust Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is applied to classify the lung area into two clusters: the former includes nodules and blood vessels, the latter consists of air. 3D regions of interest (ROIs) are then identified in the former cluster and features are extracted from the ROIs for fuzzy neural network-based recognition of nodules from vessels. Experiments on 20 clinical cases (including about 7,000 overall images) showed 100% and nearly 82% correct recognition rate for nodules (0.5-3 cm) and micro-nodules (3-5 mm), respectively, and an average of 1.4 false positives for image.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Particulate Organic Carbon Patterns in a Mainstem Reservoir, Kentucky Lake, USA

ABSTRACT Particulate carbon was measured spatially and temporally in the mainstem and embayments of Kentucky Lake U.S.A., the largest reservoir on the Tennessee River system. Samples were collected on pre-combusted glass fiber filters and particulate carbon and nitrogen determined with a CHN analyzer. An annual cycle was observed in the reservoir mainstem where peak particulate concentrations occurred primarily during the summer (with a yearly average 629 μg C·L−1). Concentrations of particulate carbon in embayments correlated with differential land-use practices on either side of the reservoir. Primarily agricultural western side embayments had elevated particulate carbon concentrations (1062 μg C·L−1). Forested eastern side embayments had average particulate carbon concentrations (736 μg C·L−1) that were more comparable to the mainstem. Contributions to summer POC in the reservoir mainstem were mainly from autochthonous sources, while contributions from upstream allochthonous sources were dominant during the winter.

Topic: Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences