jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Continuous Analysis by the Amperometric Measurement of Reaction Rate.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous Analysis by the Amperometric Measurement of Reaction Rate.W. J. Blaedel and Carter. OlsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 2, 343–347Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60208a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60208a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Devolution**

The paper sets out an institutionalist framework for evaluating the impact of Europeanisation upon government. It applies this framework to the adaptation of UK central government over the period of integration up to devolution in 1999. A balance sheet is then drawn of the strengths and weaknesses of British central government’s adaptation. The paper then evaluates the challenges posed by the interaction of Europeanisation and devolution following the establishment of new devolved authorities in Wales and Scotland in summer 1999. The paper also highlights the paradox that the Blair government is seeking to utilise Whitehall in the pursuit of a more constructive European policy at precisely the time when devolution is making the domestic handling of policy more complex.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hazards for women and children in rural settings

Objectives a) To identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in women, b) to describe women's knowledge about zoonosis, c) to describe women's risk perception about farming, d) to describe mother´s risk perception about children's activities in rural settings, e) to estimate the initial age of exposure to the rural setting and its dangers, and f) to identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in children. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design. Women with children that live in the countryside were surveyed (n=24). Structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses: χ2, Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic regression. Results Many women had suffered an accident in the countryside (65.6 %). Farm worker usually did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Hearing protection, gloves, and safety goggles were rarely used. Working women showed a high risk perception for urban driving, the handling of agrochemicals, and driving on main roads (85.7 %, 70 % and 66.7 %). There was no significant association between risk perception and PPE use. Most mothers (87.5 %) thought that was good for children to learn how to perform farm chores starting at a young age. Children started to drive a tractors at 9 years of age; 12.23 years on average. More than 7 % of the children (7.14 %) have suffered an accident on the farm. The most frequent accidents were being trapped in machinery (60 %). No association was found between the independent variables and the dependent variable; farm-related accidents in children (p>0.2). Conclusions Risk communication is necessary to inform people involved and to reduce exposure.

Topic: Agriculture and Farm Safety
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of processing on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of imitation milk from cowpea/maize blends

A method for the preparation of cowpea and cowpea-maize was described. Cowpea-maize milk was prepared at 10% (10g cowpea+90g maize), 20% (20g cowpea+ 80g maize) and 40% (40g cowpea + 60g maize) on wet matter basis. Yield percent extracted cowpea-maize milk ranges from (90-99.44%) and compares favourably with cowpea milk (94.87%). There was a spontaneous decrease in the level of colloidal particles in the samples. Protein (17.45%), ash (3.60%), Ca (0.25%) and K (0.95%) of cowpea milk was significantly higher than other samples. Organoleptic properties indicate that cowpea milk was significantly higher than other samples in taste and texture. There was also no significant difference in all the milk samples at (p

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The politics of planning: a political study of the redevelopment of the city centre in Newcastle upon Tyne

This is a study of various groups in an English city and their contribution to policy making for city centre redevelopment. The study concentrates on the period 1958 to 1967 when the Labour Party controlled the City Council and the most important policy decisions were taken. After a brief historical introduction, the membership and the contribution of the elected representatives are analysed and shown to be minimal. Secondly the ideas and contribution of the City Planning Officer are explained and his crucial role revealed. Thirdly the role of the City Labour Party and the decisive contribution of the Group Leader are discussed. It is suggested that the main external group, the Central Government, made a negligible contribution to the decision process. It is also shown that interest groups such as the business community, the local university and amenity group had little or no influence. The study argues that the Labour Group Leader and the City Planning Officer were the key decision makers with few restraints placed upon them in policy making for city centre redevelopment. The decision making system tended to be closed and to support and concentrate authority in the hands of one or two leaders.

Topic: Political and Economic history of UK and US
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Height and growth habit of Norway spruce rooted cuttings compared between two serial propagation cycles

Rooted cuttings from 10 Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) clones, arising from both second and third serial propagation cycles, were established in a field trial. Total height was measured annually for 6 years, while growth habit was measured for the first 5 years. Results of analyses for height revealed (i) significant clonal variance at each age, (ii) no differences between propagation cycles at any age, and (iii) a significant clone × propagation cycle interaction at all ages. A similar variation pattern existed for growth habit: (i) significant clonal variance at each age; (ii) propagation cycle differences were significant only at age 2; and (iii) the clone × propagation cycle interaction was significant only at ages 1,3, and 4.

Topic: Seedling growth and survival studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AS A SYSTEMIC DISEASE

The clinical picture of localized or discoid lupus erythematosus, with which I wish to contrast the disseminate form with constitutional manifestations, is familiar to most practitioners. The conception of a grave form of lupus erythematosus with severe systemic disturbances and with the extension of the local process originated with Kaposi. In 1872 he first called attention to the presence of toxic symptoms, and was evidently familiar with the hyperpyrexial attacks occasionally seen when discoid lesions are present. Very little has been added to an understanding of the disease since his time. Boeck 1 temporarily confused the problem when he designated lesions on the fingers, which can now probably be classified with Darier's folliclis, as lesions of disseminate lupus erythematosus. The whole matter was probably still more obscured by the French tendency to enumerate a large number of subclasses of lupus erythematosus which essentially are only different degrees of the same

Topic: Dermatological and Skeletal Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Making Race in the Courtroom: The Legal Construction of Three Races in Early New Orleans

The dynamics of slavery in the antebellum South helped create a notable rigidity of race and the rights of peoples of African descent. Louisiana was different. The role of law in creating and sustaining that difference has been explored by a number of scholars, including Judith Kelleher Schafer and Rebecca J. Scott. Kenneth R. Aslakson's insightful Making Race in the Courtroom contributes to our understanding of how civil law and French and Spanish cultural influences helped shape a different set of racial dynamics in one section of the American South. The American settlers who came to New Orleans after the 1803 Louisiana Purchase brought with them a set of attitudes toward law and race different from those found in other parts of the Americas. If the famous or infamous one-drop rule was yet to be formally codified, the idea that blacks and mulattoes belonged to the same group with the same legal disabilities was the prevailing view in the United States, particularly in the slave states. Americans would enter a New Orleans where the racial reflexes of the population had been more conditioned by legal and cultural precepts found in the French and Spanish Empires than by the norms that were emerging in the new American Republic. Among these precepts was the view that free mulattoes were a group apart from the enslaved black population. They were to be entitled to a set of rights inferior to those enjoyed by whites but nonetheless vastly superior to those granted to blacks. Aslakson's work is particularly valuable in discussing how settlers from St. Dominque and Cuba helped fortify this view and how it came to be applied concretely in New Orleans courts.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of Body Weight towards Gross Motor Skill on 4–6 Year Old Children in Rural Preschools

Gross motor skill is a crucial aspect for children in preschool age.This research aims to identify the impact of body weight towards 4-6 year old children's gross motor skill in rural preschools.Participants were divided into 3 groups: 30 underweight children, 30 normal weight children, and 30 overweight children.The result data was divided into two separate sections based on the age group: 4-5 year olds and 5-6 year olds.Based on the ANOVA test, there was no correlation between body weight and gross motor skill in 4-5 year old children (p>0.05).Inversely, there was a correlation between the two variables in 5-6 year old children (p<0.05).Children who were considered overweight have the smallest gross motor skill compared to other groups (M= 18.52).Conclusion: The data suggest that there is a difference between body weight and gross motor skill in 4-6 year old children in rural preschools.The next research should take a closer look at children's activity both at home and school.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Multi-fidelity Optimization of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

This paper is concerned with the numerical design optimization of wind turbines. Many examples of wind turbine design optimization in literature rely on simplified analysis in some form. This may lead to sub-optimal design, because the optimizer does not see the full fidelity of the problem. To overcome these challenges, this research will explore the multi-fidelity Approximation and Model Management Framework (AMMF) optimization algorithm. AMMF is similar to conventional gradient based optimization, except in the search phase of the optimization, the analysis is replaced with a fast low-fidelity model that has been corrected to give C1 consistency with the high-fidelity model. AMMF was first explored with a simple preliminary investigation based on analytic equations. Second, it was applied to a single-discipline design optimization problem to find the internal structure with the least weight. Finally, AMMF was used in full aero-elastic wind turbine rotor design optimization problem based on the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine design. Mixed results were achieved for the final study and further work is needed to find the best configuration for AMMF.

Topic: Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Non-linearly Restoring Performance of SFT's Catenary Mooring-lines under Consideration of its Dynamic Behaviors

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) needs to be fixed or controlled in expected position by its supporting system which can be classified into two types: tension tendon or catenary mooring-line. The later one, catenary mooring-line, is often used for floating body due to its lower cost and easier installment. In this paper, the dynamic behaviors including inertia and hydrodynamic damping of the mooring-line are considered compared with the quasi-static method where only the static restore force is involved, and the nonlinear dynamic response model of the mooring system is developed based on finite element simulations. The influences of the amplitude and frequency of SFT motion, along with mooring-line's structural parameters, on mooring line's displacement and dynamic tension are studied. Also, the taut-slack phenomenon caused by inertial force and hydrodynamic damping is analyzed. Our results shows that when the motion of the SFT is smaller, the dynamic response of the mooring-line is a stable stand wave, and the value of dynamic tension due to dynamic characteristics is about 20% of the quasi-static method, and the tension amplitude difference is around three times larger than the quasi-static method. As SFT movement get larger, the dynamic tension corresponding is about 30% higher than the quasi-static tension. When the mooring-line becomes slack, the response is characterized as travelling wave. The magnification factor of top tension caused by mooring-line's dynamic behavior drops with increase of mooring-line mass density but rises with the increase of the initial tension ratio. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Topic: Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Topological microfluidic structures for rapid mixing of emulsions

A novel use for topological structures inside microfluidic channels is presented. These structures have been successfully utilised to aid in mixing of two water-in-oil emulsions in order to force coalescence, thereby introducing a cross linker into the primary emulsion to form particles. The method has been demonstrated by the manufacture of selfimmobilised enzyme particles, which exhibit high activity retention while also producing highly monodisperse particles.

Topic: Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
COMMUNICATION EARLY WELSH POETRY AND ROSSETT, CUMBRIA

EARLY WELSH POETRY, with so many tantalising clues for North Britain’s pre-English history, has a special one in the court of Rhosedd, famous for its splendour. The bards referred to it for centuries, but its whereabouts has been a mystery. The evidence occurs in various poems, including the gorchan or lay of Tudfwlch found with the Gododdin, which is a series of elegies on British heroes wiped out in an attack on Catterick soon after the year 600. Rhosedd figures in a passage where the hero Tudfawlch is mourned as a generous host:

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF OLIVE (<i>Olea europaea</i>L.): A REVIEW

SUMMARY The results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of olive are collated and summarised in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to irrigation practices. Background information on the ecology of the olive (it is native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean) and on crop development processes are presented, followed by reviews of the influence of water stress on gas exchange (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration), crop water requirements, water productivities and irrigation systems. The olive has many attributes that help to protect it against drought, including the morphology of the leaf, and the capacity to conserve water under conditions of high evaporative demand through stomatal closure, osmotic regulation and resistance to cavitation. The concept of ‘deficit irrigation’ has been the subject of much research. Although vegetative growth is restricted, there is no convincing evidence that ‘sustained deficit irrigation’ or ‘regulated deficit irrigation’ or ‘partial root zone drying’ offer any advantages over conventional practices. Water productivities are very variable and difficult to reconcile due, in part, to biennial bearing, tree-to-tree variability and differences in tree population densities. Similarly, no clear consensus has emerged on how best to exploit the sensitivity of trunk expansion to water availability in irrigation scheduling. As production methods for this historical crop are intensified (high-density hedgerows, irrigated and mechanized orchards), so will the need to understand the role that water plays in the production processes become ever more critical.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Transcriptional regulation of the proto‐oncogene <i>Zfp521</i> by SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13

Abstract The mouse zinc‐finger gene Zfp521 (also known as ecotropic viral insertion site 3; Evi3 ; and ZNF521 in humans) has been identified as a B‐cell proto‐oncogene, causing leukemia in mice following retroviral insertions in its promoter region that drive Zfp521 over‐expression. Furthermore, ZNF521 is expressed in human hematopoietic cells, and translocations between ZNF521 and PAX5 are associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the regulatory factors that control Zfp521 expression directly have not been characterized. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factors SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13 synergistically regulate Zfp521 expression, and identify the regions of the Zfp521 promoter required for this transcriptional activity. We also show that SPI1 and HOXC13 activate Zfp521 in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data support a role for this regulatory mechanism in vivo , as transgenic mice over‐expressing Hoxc13 in the fetal liver show a strong correlation between Hoxc13 expression levels and Zfp521 expression. Overall these experiments provide insights into the regulation of Zfp521 expression in a nononcogenic context. The identification of transcription factors capable of activating Zfp521 provides a foundation for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms involved in ZFP521‐driven cell differentiation processes and diseases linked to Zfp521 mis‐expression.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Inhaled insulin for the treatment of diabetes: projects and devices

A non-invasive alternative to insulin injections would represent a major improvement for Type 1 and 2 insulin-treated patients. The lung is the only route which allows bio-availability of insulin, approaching 10% without absorption enhancers. However, the reproducibility of the plasma response to the pulmonary insulin is similar to subcutaneous insulin analogues, that is to say, relatively poor. In the Exubera Project, the device is a dry powder inhaler. The insulin powder (Aventis) is packaged into a single dose blister containing 1 or 3 mg; the 1 mg blister corresponding to ∼ 3 U of insulin. Phase II studies have shown similar efficacy than regular insulin. Data are available on 328 Type 1 and 309 Type 2 patients after 6 months of Phase III trials. The inhaled insulin group developed increased insulin antibodies. A total of 25% of the patients experienced cough after inhalation. The number of overall and severe hypoglycaemic episodes were similar in the two groups. Pulmonary function tests remained stable and normal except for minor reductions of carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. The AERx IDMS system is a microprocessor-controlled, aqeous mist inhaler. The insulin (regular 100 U/ml, Novo Nordisk) is delivered by 1 U increments. The clinical experience reported with this system so far is limited to 107 Type 2 insulin-treated patients. The results are similar to those obtained in the Exubera trials. In the Alkermes project, large, porous, regular insulin of low-mass density have been developed by the Advanced Inhalation Project. Results from human studies in normal subjects show similar pharmacokinetics as the two other devices above. Other projects seem less advanced than the projects cited above e.g., Aerodos and Oralin. Current clinical experience with inhaled insulin seems promising. It represents currently the only viable non-invasive alternative to insulin injections. However, long-term local tolerance of the pulmonary tissue is a crucial issue.

Topic: Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimization of high-speed CMOS logic circuits with analytical models for signal delay, chip area, and dynamic power dissipation

Signal delay, chip area, and power dissipation are conflicting criteria for designing high-performance VLSI MOS circuits. Global optimization of transistor sizes in digital CMOS logic circuits with the design tool multiobjective gate-level optimization (MOGLO) is described. Analytical models for the design objectives are presented, and algorithms are discussed. Different techniques were combined to solve the circuit optimization problem with low computational costs. Precise gate-level delay models guarantee meaningful results, especially for high-speed logic circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Low-power high-performance VLSI design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences