jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1216: Pan-RAS inhibition by a tumor-targeted biotherapeutic

Abstract Oncogenic RAS signaling drives tumor growth in about 30% of human malignancies. In recent years the first mutant-specific inhibitors of KRAS G12C (sotorasib and adagrasib) entered the clinic. While some durable responses were noted in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, the clinical experience of KRAS G12C inhibitors is marked by rapid drug resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, causing re-activation of the MAPK pathway. Common resistance mechanisms include compensatory signaling through the related RAS isoforms NRAS and HRAS, as well as the selection of non-G12C KRAS mutations, among others. The bacterial peptidase RRSP potently cleaves all RAS mutants and isoforms in the conserved Switch I region. We have shown that receptor-mediated intracellular delivery of RRSP using an engineered protein delivery system (RASx) can inactivate all RAS signaling in a cell, causing apoptosis in RAS-addicted tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Since systemic pan-RAS inhibition is not likely to be tolerated therapeutically, precise tumor targeting is a necessary feature of a true pan-RAS inhibitor. Here, we describe the unique ability of the RASx system to specify the cell surface receptor used by RRSP to enter cells, allowing exquisite targeting and killing of KRAS, NRAS and HRAS-driven tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues. We screened a panel of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs), to demonstrate broad tumor cell killing across pancreatic and colorectal cancer-derived PDOs. 97% of KRAS mutant organoids were sensitive to RASx, independent of the specific mutation. Intriguingly, 46% of wildtype RAS PDOs were sensitive to RASx, including organoids with activating mutations in EGFR. In contrast, PDOs with mutations downstream of RAS such as BRAF V600E were resistant to RASx. Indeed, RASx is effective not only against RAS-addicted tumors, but also wildtype RAS tumors driven by upstream receptor tyrosine kinases, potentially expanding the clinical utility of this platform. RASx is a first-in-class, tumor-targeted pan-RAS inhibitor that represents a unique entry into the growing armamentarium against oncogenic RAS. Citation Format: Greg L. Beilhartz, Huazhu Liang, Molly Udaskin, Christine Ng, Nikolina Radulovich, Roman A. Melnyk. Pan-RAS inhibition by a tumor-targeted biotherapeutic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1216.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Searching for emission line and OB stars in Cl 1806-20 using a NIR narrow-band technique

Abstract We survey the environment of Cl 1806-20 using near-infrared narrow-band imaging to search for Brγ features indicative of evolved massive stars. Using this technique, we successfully detect previously identified massive stars in the cluster. We detect no new emission line stars, establishing a firm upper limit on the number of Wolf Rayets and Luminous Blue Variables; however, we do find several candidate OB supergiants, which likely represent the bulk of the heretofore undiscovered massive star population.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Appendix A. Crop size and seed dispersal for 19 source tress of Virola calophylla that produced fruit in 2001 in the study plot.

Crop size and seed dispersal for 19 source tress of Virola calophylla that produced fruit in 2001 in the study plot.

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mid- to Long-term Results of Supramalleolar Osteotomy

Background: Good clinical and radiographic short-term results have been reported for patients who underwent realignment surgery of the hindfoot for treatment of early- and mid-stage ankle osteoarthrosis (OA). However, no mid- to long-term results have been reported. The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the indications and contraindications for realignment surgery. Methods: Two hundred ninety-four patients (298 ankles) underwent realignment surgery between December 1999 and June 2013. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed with total ankle replacement and arthrodesis of the ankle joint as endpoints. A Cox proportional hazards model was performed to identify risk factors for failure. The mean time to follow-up was 5.0 ± 3.7 years. Results: The overall 5-year survival rate was 88%. Thirty-eight patients (12.9%) underwent either secondary total ankle replacement or ankle arthrodesis (30 total ankle replacements, 8 ankle arthrodesis). Risk factors for failure following realignment surgery were age at the time of surgery and a Takakura score of 3b preoperatively. Conclusion: Realignment surgery of the hindfoot was an excellent treatment option for young and physically active patients with early to mid-stage ankle OA. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective observational study.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 2083595: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antifungal Activity of Honey Samples from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) as affected by Botanical Origin

The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of honey samples collected from different locations at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, Pakistan). Disc diffusion method was used to test the antifungal potential of twenty-one (branded, unbranded, and natural comb) honey samples from the different botanical origins at different concentrations (undiluted, 10%, 30%, and 50%, w/v) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula species. Branded, unbranded, and natural comb honey samples generate different inhibition zones (4-13 mm, 5-15 mm, and 8-17 mm) against Rhodotorula species. Candida albicans showed resistance for all tested honey samples. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula species were 53.33%-88.12% and 1.76%-90.22% for branded, 61.3% – 93.8% and 9.90% – 95.5% for unbranded, and 67.1%-96.8% and 6.39%-98.8% for natural comb honey. In conclusion, natural comb honey from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa may have antifungal therapeutic potential and could be a useful source for generating functional food.

Topic: Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A DERMATITIS DUE TO ANILINE DYE IN A FOOD PRODUCT

The recognition of the existence of allergy in patients stimulates those interested in the causation of the condition to delve into the minutest details to obtain significant leads. Hunches and suspicions should be disproved before they are discarded. The method of approach and interrogation should be systematic. The following case is a striking example of the manner in which the coloring matter of a food product in common use can ultimately act as a sensitizing agent and produce toxic manifestations. REPORT OF CASE Mrs. H. J., aged 44, in November 1933, presented an erythematous, maculopapular eruption confined to the neck, shoulders, arms and forearms on both the covered and uncovered areas. The eruption simulated erythema multiforme in certain areas, while in the areas where scratching had occurred it resembled subacute eczema with scaling. Some areas presented an evanescent, urticarial type of lesion. The eruption had been present at various intervals

Topic: Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a Training Program for Family Caregivers on Home Care of Older Adults in Cameroon

Background: Family caregivers who are the primary care providers to the elderly in communities in Cameroon, specifically in the Buea health district, are not aware of available resources and lack adequate knowledge and skills on the care of the elderly. As a result, the elderly are not receiving adequate care and support which might also affect their quality of life. In line with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) strategic proposed objectives of promoting healthy aging, the aim of this study was to develop a training program for family caregivers of the elderly.&#x0D; Methods: An exploratory, cross-sectional study research design was employed, with the use of qualitative methods for data collection. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 key informants including nurses, social workers, community relay persons, personnel from the ministries (Public Health and Social Affairs), director of a geriatric nurse training school and directors of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) concerned with age-care who were purposively recruited. Information on the scope of practice and available resources was obtained. The sample size was determined based on data saturation. Data was transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis.&#x0D; Results: Two major themes emerged from data analysis; ‘Recognise the boundary’ for the scope of practice of family caregivers which was further divided into two categories (bridge the gap and shared responsibilities)’ and ‘Health and wellbeing’ as all available resources were aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of the elderly.&#x0D; Conclusion: The training program should include a pyscho-educational intervention with information on available resources such as: Geriatric nurses and social centers, the scope of practice for family caregivers which includes: Assistance with Activities of Daily Living &amp; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Psychosocial care, strategies to involve elderly persons in various activities and the creation of age- friendly environments.

Topic: Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Penicillin on Formation of Fibrous Adhesions in Acute Otitis Media

Fibrous middle ear adhesions are occasionally encountered in middle ear surgery and may cause a hearing impairment. Although usually associated with chronic otitis media, adhesions are also found following a single episode of experimental acute suppurative otitis media, suggesting a pathogenesis based on the inflammatory process engaging acute infection. In a well-established rat model of pneumococcal acute otitis media, we report on the effect of penicillin V on formation of fibrous middle ear adhesions. Previous studies have shown marked impact of penicillin on mucosal goblet cell density and other histopathologic features. Number, anatomic localization, and histopathologic morphology of adhesions were assessed in a longitudinal study of 25 normal, 25 untreated, and 25 treated rats. Although penicillin administration induced a slight tendency toward fewer ears with adhesions and fewer adhesions per ear, these changes were nonsignificant. Histomorphology and the general pattern of anatomic localization of adhesions were unaffected by penicillin administration. We conclude that administration of penicillin has an inconspicuous effect on the formation of fibrous adhesions in experimental acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Topic: Head and Neck Anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How to ask embarrassing questions about women’s religion

This chapter examines the interpretations of Orthodox purity regulations among Seto women. Setos are a small minority people living in the borderland of Estonia and Russia. The analysis is based on folklore material gathered during early twentieth century and fieldwork conducted among contemporary Setos. The author reflects on the evolution of Seto religious practices and perceptions, and demonstrates how Seto women have actively interpreted the restrictions imposed by the Church on their religious participation through their oral tradition related, for instance, to the Mother of God. In addition, this chapter discusses the methodological and ethical challenges of conducting field research on delicate topics such as the intersection of religion, gender, embodiment, and sexuality.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of feeding on the swimming activity and growth of <i>Ophiocephalus striatus</i>

Swimming activity of the obligatory air‐breathing fish Ophiocephalus striatus reared in cylindrical aquaria on different rations (0–43.3 mg/g/day) increased from 58 m/day for the starving group to 439 m/day for the group fed a maximum ration. Swimming speed also increased from 2.4 cm/sec in the former group to 5.2 cm/sec in the latter group. Owing to sustained swimming activity and the consequent fatigue, the test individuals ‘hung’ to the surface for a definite interval. Duration of surface ‘hanging’ increased from 3.2 h/day to 15.8 h/day with decreasing ration. The group receiving 25.5 mg/g/day converted most efficiently (28%). The maintenance energy cost is equivalent to 10 mg/g/day and dry substance equivalent to 5 or 12 mg/g/day was expended on the sustained swimming activity by the fish receiving the optimum (25 mg/g/day) or the maximum (43 mg/g/day) ration.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Preventing Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathy and Related Emotional Disorders with the Coadministration of Duloxetine and Hydrogen-Rich Water in Male and Female Mice

Cisplatin (CIS)-induced peripheral neuropathy and associated comorbidities have a detrimental effect on the lives of cancer patients. Currently, there are no effective therapies to alleviate these symptoms. Duloxetine (DULO) is a recommended treatment, but it is linked with important side effects, thus making it essential to explore novel approaches. We examined the impact of a prophylactic treatment with a low dose of DULO combined with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on CIS-injected C57BL/6 male and female mice as a possible therapy for allodynia, muscle and body weight deficits, and emotive syndromes accompanying this type of chemotherapy. The prophylactic treatment with DULO and HRW prevented mechanical allodynia caused by CIS in both sexes and had greater effects than either treatment given individually. The combined treatment also prevented cold allodynia in male mice but only reduced it in females. Moreover, the coadministration of DULO with HRW avoided muscular deficits in both sexes. Furthermore, the body weight reduction induced by CIS in both sexes was not entirely mitigated by the combined therapy. However, all treatments avoided the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors elicited by CIS. The antiallodynic actions and prevention of muscular deficits produced by the combined treatment might be explained by the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and plasticity alterations provoked by CIS in the dorsal root ganglia of these subjects. This study proposes, for the first time, the cotreatment of DULO with HRW as an effective therapy for CIS-induced peripheral neuropathy and reveals the influence of sex on these actions.

Topic: Hydrogen's biological and therapeutic effects
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Calcineurin activation contributes to noise‐induced hearing loss

Abstract Acoustic overstimulation increases Ca 2+ concentration in auditory hair cells. Because calcineurin is known to activate cell death pathways and is controlled by Ca 2+ and calmodulin, this study assessed the role of calcineurin in auditory hair cell death in guinea pigs after intense noise exposure. Immediately after noise exposure (4‐kHz octave band, 120 dB, for 5 hr), a population of hair cells exhibited calcineurin immunoreactivity at the cuticular plate, with a decreasing number of positive‐stained cells on Days 1–3. By Day 7, the levels of calcineurin immunoreactivity had diminished to near control, non‐noise exposed values, concomitant with an increasing loss of hair cells. Staining of hair cell nuclei with propidium iodide (PI), restricted to calcineurin‐immunopositive cells, indicated breakdown of cell membranes symptomatic of incipient cell death. The local application of the calcineurin inhibitors, FK506 and cyclosporin A, reduced the level of noise‐induced auditory brain stem response threshold shift and hair cell death, indicating that calcineurin is a factor in noise‐induced hearing loss. The results suggest that calcineurin inhibitors are of potential therapeutic value for long‐term protection of the morphologic integrity and function of the organ of Corti against noise trauma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Asymmetries of American Ingenium: Echoes of the Eighteenth-Century Debate on Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo

The Asymmetries of American Ingenium: Echoes of the Eighteenth-Century Debate on Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo was published in Asymmetric Ecologies in Europe and South America around 1800 on page 113.

Topic: Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reactions of Phosphine-Monoiodoboranes with 4,4'-Di-tert-butylbiphenylide and Electrophiles. Trial of Generation of Tricoordinate Boron Anions and Synthesis of B-Functionalized Phosphine-Boranes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Phosphine-Monoiodoboranes with 4,4'-Di-tert-butylbiphenylide and Electrophiles. Trial of Generation of Tricoordinate Boron Anions and Synthesis of B-Functionalized Phosphine-BoranesTsuneo Imamoto and Takaaki HikosakaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 22, 6753–6759Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00101a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00101a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Boron Compounds in Chemistry
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Distance, Surface, Elsewhere: A Feminist Critique of the Space of Phallocentric Self/Knowledge

In this paper I focus on a particular subjectivity and a particular spatiality. The subjectivity is that of dominant Western masculinities. The spatiality is the specific organisation of space through which that subjectivity is constituted and through which it sees the world, a problematic described here as a space of self/knowledge. The importance of a particular organisation of space to this particular subjectivity is introduced through the work of Irigaray, and elaborated with reference to Mulvey's account of the Lacanian mirror stage. Both Mulvey and Irigaray emphasise the importance of a distancing, visualised space to dominant masculinities. However, Mulvey and Irigaray have both been criticised for conceptualising this dominant subjectivity and his visual space in ways which leave little possibility for feminist disruption. These criticisms have been made from a diverse range of theoretical-political positions. In this paper, however, I engage specifically with the visual space of phallocentric space/knowledge, and therefore only explore the critical possibilities offered by other, more recent feminist appropriations of Lacan because these have centred precisely on questions of visuality, spatiality, and subjectivity. In particular, interpretations of Lacan's distinction between a certain organisation of space and what Lacan calls ‘the gaze’ arc drawn upon here in order to theorise both the fragilities of dominant masculinities and the existence of other visualised spaces of self/knowledge. It is thus argued that certain psychoanalytic feminisms can offer a critical account of phallocentric self/knowledge, which is also a critical account of the production of visual spatialities.

Topic: Art, Politics, and Modernism
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Discrimination and Abuse Among Healthcare Workers from Patients and their Relatives at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya

Discrimination and abuse of healthcare workers (HCWs) by patients and their relatives remains a pressing and prevalent problem in various healthcare settings, negatively affecting professional outcomes. Despite this, little has been reported about discrimination and abuse in many low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study between May - August 2021 among healthcare workers at a hospital in Kenya. Email invitations were sent, and the survey was in English, and the data was collected through and online survey. Discrimination based on gender was reported by 24.9% of all HCWs; 39.9% of doctors, 17.2% of nurses, and 10.9% of allied staff whereas racial discrimination was reported by 28.8% of all HCWs; 49.0% of doctors, 18.9% of nurses, and 8.9% of allied staff. Verbal or emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse and was reported by 56.8% of all HCWs while physical abuse was reported by 4.9% of all HCWs. For those that reported discrimination based on gender, 77.4% reported patient and their family members as the main source, whereas 81.2% of those that reported discrimination based on race reported the main source was from patient and their family members. Despite strict laws against discrimination and abuse, a significant portion of healthcare providers suffer from discrimination and abuse primarily from patients and their family members. In addition to education programs and policies to curb such behavior in the work environment, coping mechanisms should be actively sought to help healthcare providers deal with such actions.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences