jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE ADSORPTION OF SOAP BY CARBON BLACK

The adsorption of the sodium soaps of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids from aqueous solutions by a carbon black has been measured. The adsorption appears to be a combination of two more or less independent processes: (a) adsorption of neutral soap, and (b) adsorption of fatty acid resulting from hydrolysis. The adsorption of both the fatty acid and alkali components of the soaps studied is in agreement with the Freundlich adsorption equation over the concentration range investigated, the extent of adsorption increasing with increasing chain length of the saturated soaps examined. In every case there is a greater adsorption of fatty acid than of alkali, but this difference becomes greater with increasing chain length of the soap. Increase in temperature causes a slight decrease in adsorption, but the effect is small. On the basis of its adsorptive behavior, sodium oleate appears to have an effective chain length of about 15 carbon atoms. Excess of fatty acid in the initial soap solution results in an increased adsorption of total fatty acid, but does not influence the adsorption of neutral soap; on the other hand, excess of alkali in the initial solution not only results in an increased adsorption of total alkali, but also leads to a decrease in the adsorption of fatty acid and neutral soap. This decrease in adsorption is attributed to suppression of hydrolysis, but even with 100% excess alkali, where hydrolysis must be almost completely suppressed, there is still an appreciable adsorption of fatty acid which must be adsorbed in the form of neutral soap. The adsorbed material corresponds to an acid soap of variable composition, the ratio of excess acid to neutral soap depending on the composition of the initial solution, the temperature, and the particular soap used. The adsorption of soap from 95% alcohol solution and from absolute alcohol solution is essentially the same, both being considerably lower than the adsorption of the same soap from aqueous solution. In spite of the fact that hydrolysis of soap does not occur in alcoholic solution, the fatty acid and alkaline components are not adsorbed in equivalent amounts, and it is suggested that, in this case, splitting of the soap is brought about by alcoholysis, followed by preferential adsorption of one of the reaction products.

Topic: Polymer Science and PVC
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Low-Latency Control Path Design for Cloud Based Micro-Drones

Dynamic real-time control through a remote network is becoming a reality, given the drive of the latest generation of wireless networks. As cloud computing takes on an even stronger role in the industry, the desire to offload time critical processes into the network becomes a possibility. With the combination of cloud edge processing centers, and the UUL standardization for sub-millisecond delay over 5G networks, applications requiring dynamic time critical closed loop control is now an option. With the support of cloud edge processors, advanced complex analysis and processing algorithms, such deep learning engines or video-based approaches, miniature drones can achieve higher levels of capability without the weight or cost requirements. In this paper, we present wireless closed loop control system. The proposed framework is composed of a controller, drone flight receiver and motor control. The delay time from the issuance of the control command to the start of the execution of the control command is only about 4 ms. The proposed solution has been implemented and verified on the research UAV data link system.

Topic: UAV Applications and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Shadowing compensator for grid-connected photovoltaic generation system

The solar cell array may shade or partially shade. The maximum output current of the shaded or partially shaded solar cells is smaller than that of un-shaded solar cells, and it depends on the degree of shadowing. This can cause multiple peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) curve for the solar cell array and increases the difficultly of maximum power point tracking in the photovoltaic generation system. A shadowing compensator for the grid-connected photovoltaic generation system is proposed in this paper. This shadowing compensator uses a multi-winding fly-back DC-DC converter. The shadowing compensator supplies compensating power to the shaded or partially shaded solar cells to sustain their voltage, so the solar cell array avoids multiple peaks in the P-V curve for the solar cell array and can easily trace the maximum output power. Computer simulation is used to verify the performance of the proposed shadowing compensator. The simulation results are as expected.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protein Turnover, Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Patients with Acute Leukaemia Undergoing Chemotherapy

1. Measurements of whole body protein turnover using the (13)C-leucine tracer technique, of body composition using anthropometric measurements and DEXA scanning, and of resting energy expenditure (REE) assessed by indirect calorimetry were made in 8 patients with acute leukaemia undergoing a single course of chemotherapy. Measurements were made in the post absorptive state immediately before chemotherapy and were repeated close to the time of discharge from hospital (mean days in hospital 31 ± 4.3, range 22-35), a mean of 23 ± 4.8 days after completion of chemotherapy. 2. The mean weight loss was 3.63kg (P < 0.001) with significant reductions in the mean non dominant mid arm circumference (1.29cm, P < 0.01), biceps (0.7mm, P < 0.01) and triceps (1.9mm, P < 0.05) skinfold thicknesses. DEXA scanning showed a reduction of mean body fat (1.22kg, P < 0.05) and lean tissue (1.85kg, P < 0.01). 3. There was a reduction in whole body leucine flux (Q) by 35% (P < 0.01) and synthesis (S) by 40% (P < 0.001) with no change in catabolism (C) over the course of admission. 4. There were no significant changes in REE.

Topic: Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Configuration Structure of Service Supply Chain Management

In spite supply chain management is obtaining more attention from researchers, academics and practitioners still mainly conduct research on manufacturing or traditional supply chain management rather than service supply chain management perspective because of nature of industry's complexity. So, research on service supply chain is immature and there is still some deficiency to study on service supply chain management. The main purpose of this research is to identify the configuration structure of service supply chain management by applying the case study of the shooting range sport center in Northeastern, Thailand. Definitions and concept of service supply chain are suggested in the literature review section. Primary data is mainly collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary data is reviewed systematically from academic journals and database. By exploring the configuration structure of service supply chain, the conceptual framework is illustrated to identify the relationship which consider the nature of service supply chain in the particular case study. Finally, the conclusion section is discussed.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Motor imagery based BCI classification via sparse representation of EEG signals

Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a new communication and control channel for people with severe motor disabilities. Motor imagery based sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) analysis is one of the widely used methods in the BCI field. However, these motor imagery signals are very noisy and strongly depends on subjects. Therefore, it is difficult to classify them and thus more powerful classification methods are needed. In this paper, we propose a new classification method based on sparse representation of EEG signals and ell-1 minimization. Using Mu and/or Beta rhythm as EEG features, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method with four data sets. Moreover, we make performance comparison with the linear discriminant analysis (LDA), another classification method. From the results, our proposed method shows the better classification accuracy.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Functional MRI of Mastication

We tried to depict the brain activity of mastication (two types of movement) with functional MRI (FID type EPI with fat saturation on 1.5T). Thirteen of 16 volunteers (81.3%) showed proper signal changes on primary motor cortex. The active sites changed according to the type of masticating movement. We concluded that functional MRI can be used investigate the control of mastication in the CNS.

Topic: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Subfield: Complementary and Manual Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Kedisiplinan, Kepuasan Dan Motivasi Kerja Merupakan Penunjang Bagi Para Karyawan Perusahaan Swasta Berpendidikan Rendah Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Kerja Di Perusahaan

The results of case studies on PT. Modern Surya Jaya Piling Division in Krian Sidoarjo East Java showed that employees with low education are less disciplined in terms of entry to and from work. The results of research in the field showed that the average employee who delayed between 5-8 people per day, and likely not the same person. Similarly, the lack of discipline in the use of work time is not optimal, no discipline in the use of fuel. The low education employees in general were satisfied with their current jobs, and tend not to want to change job, satisfied with his colleagues, as well as satisfied with the current leadership. Thelow education employees generally stated that they have sufficient income to meet basic needs, and will be even better if there is an additional income. They generally have not been able to meet the employment targets, particularly in terms of time. They also generally have not been able to think for the benefit of thecompany, which is considered only their personal interests

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Isolation and molecular cloning of a fast-growing strain of human hepatitis A virus from its double-stranded replicative form

A fast-growing strain of human hepatitis A virus was selected and characterized. The virus has the unusual property of developing a strong cytopathic effect in tissue culture in 7 to 10 days. Sequences of the viral genome were cloned into recombinant plasmids with the double-stranded replicative form as a template for the reverse transcription of cDNA. Restriction analysis and direct sequencing indicate that this strain is different from that described by Ticehurst et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:5885-5889, 1983) in the region that presumptively codes for the major capsid protein VP1, but both isolates have conserved large areas of homology in the untranslated 5'-terminal sequences of the genome.

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LITTLE RED ROOSTER v. THE HONKY TONK WOMAN

Sinéad O'Connor enjoyed considerable celebrity towards the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. Via four intense emotional albums, a series of equally passionate stage performances and some controversial media appearances she provoked strong reactions of both support and condemnation. Through her sounds, words and images she continually drew attention to social injustice and raised questions about Irishness, religion, racism, sexuality, childhood and motherhood.

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
High-power, high-gain, subnanosecond-risetime amplification with electron beam - pn junction active devices

The principles of operation and performance limitations of a class of high-performance electron beam -- pn junction active devices are discussed. The primary assumptions are that (1) the beam diode is designed so that carrier generation and transport occur entirely in a region of high electric field, (2) carrier pairs are created near one edge of the beam diode by the electron bombardment, (3) carriers traverse the depletion region with a constant drift velocity, and (4) the beam diode is connected to a real load impedance, such as a reflectionless transmission line.

Topic: Laser Design and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acidic and basic protein contents in Gastrocnemii and pectoralis muscles of chick under denervation and work-induced stress conditions.

Biochemical estimation of acidic and basic proteins of chick gastrocnemii (G. externus, G. medius and G. internus) and pectoralis muscles has been done under normal, denervated and work stress conditions from 1-56 days of postnatal growth. The reciprocal relationship of the two protein groups is clearly established. It is evident that muscle denervation acts as a stimulant for proteosynthetic activities and probably may also be an inhibitory factor for protein degradative reactions. During work overload stress, the rapid growth of muscles has been related to high rate of contractile activity.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Decision-making in organizations: the new paradigm

Decision-making is ever present in all forms of organized human activity. Decisions range from the simple to the complex within large organizations, whether in the nonprofit, public or private sectors. Throughout human history, man has sought to control the results of his decisions, to quantify them, to increase their predictability and to reduce their risks. Three current areas of decision making: risk assessment, chaos theory and strategic management are analyzed in this article. Their interconnectedness and potential as a "new paradigm" is its focus.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fusion and expansion of vitellogenin vesicles during <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> intestinal senescence

Abstract Some of the most conspicuous aging phenotypes of C. elegans are related to post‐reproductive production of vitellogenins (Vtg), which form yolk protein (YP) complexes after processing and lipid loading. Vtg/YP levels show huge increases with age, and inhibition of this extends lifespan, but how subcellular and organism‐wide distribution of these proteins changes with age has not been systematically explored. Here, this has been done to understand how vitellogenesis promotes aging. The age‐associated changes of intestinal vitellogenin vesicles (VVs), pseudocoelomic yolk patches (PYPs), and gonadal yolk organelles (YOs) have been characterized by immuno‐electron microscopy. We find that from reproductive adult day 2 (AD 2) to post‐reproductive AD 6 and AD 9, intestinal VVs expand from 0.2 to 3–4 μm in diameter or by &gt;3000 times in volume, PYPs increase by &gt;3 times in YP concentration and volume, while YOs in oocytes shrink slightly from 0.5 to 0.4 μm in diameter or by 49% in volume. In AD 6 and AD 9 worms, mislocalized YOs found in the hypodermis, uterine cells, and the somatic gonadal sheath can reach a size of 10 μm across in the former two tissues. This remarkable size increase of VVs and that of mislocalized YOs in post‐reproductive worms are accompanied by extensive fusion between these Vtg/YP‐containing vesicular structures in somatic cells. In contrast, no fusion is seen between YOs in oocytes. We propose that in addition to the continued production of Vtg, excessive fusion between VVs and mislocalized YOs in the soma worsen the aging pathologies seen in C. elegans .

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effect of Internal Control Effectiveness, Accountability, and Transparency on Corporate Financial Reporting Quality: The Moderating Role of Human Resource Competence

This study aims to analyze the effect of internal control effectiveness, accountability, and transparency on the quality of corporate financial reporting, with human resource competence as a moderating variable at PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. The research employs a quantitative descriptive method. The study population consists of 90 individuals, including directors, internal control systems, audit committee members, corporate secretariat, and the finance division, determined using a saturated sampling technique. Primary data were collected through questionnaires utilizing a Likert scale, and the data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings indicate that internal control effectiveness, accountability, and transparency have a positive and significant effect on the quality of corporate financial reporting. However, the moderation test results show that human resource competence is only able to moderate the relationship between internal control effectiveness and accountability on financial reporting quality. In contrast, for transparency, the moderation test demonstrates no significant effect, as it does not strengthen the relationship between transparency and financial reporting quality. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights for PT Pelindo Multi Terminal in achieving high-quality financial reporting.

Topic: Financial Reporting and XBRL
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Multisource Indoor Energy Harvesting for Nonvolatile Processors

One promising application of emerging memories is to implement a nonvolatile memory hierarchy that can retain the data when power is removed. In this work, the authors present some design techniques of nonvolatile processors with a multisource energy-harvesting system that combines thermal, kinetic, and indoor photovoltaic sources to provide a stable power supply.

Topic: Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Case of the Constable’s Nose

This chapter discusses the litigation over the imposition of a draconian Prohibition regime on Bombay. The Prohibition laws in Bombay and other provinces, brought in to enforce Article 47 of the Constitution, were among the earliest attempts by the postcolonial state to regulate the everyday life of its citizens. The Prohibition policy was a critical aspect of the attempt of the state to fashion a postcolonial identity for itself by freeing its citizens from what it called the foreign practice of drinking. However, it relied on the mechanisms of the colonial state for its implementation, opening up questions about state involvement in private life and the role of the police in a democracy. Given that the majority of litigants were Parsis (Indian Zoroastrians), a community with strong links to the liquor trade, the chapter also considers the emerging idea of public interest and the relationship between liberty, property, and community identity.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Sonority Dispersion Principle in Albanian

An important pattern that is based on the sonority relationship is the Sonority Dispersion Principle (SDP) formulated by Clements (1990). This principle can serve as the basis for classifying syllable types in terms of relative complexity. The notion “dispersion in sonority” clearly defined within a demisyllable. According to this principle, the sonority slop from the onset to the syllable nucleus is maximized and from the nucleus to the coda is minimized. The purpose of this paper is to provide some data on the Albanian language by dividing the sounds within the demisyllable, by analyzing the combinations of sounds in the onset and in the coda. According to SDP, in Albanian the optimal syllable structure with 2 elements is C[stop]V, while among the optimal structures with 3 elements, the types C[stop]VC[glide], C[stop]C[liquid]V, C[stop]C[nasal]V and C[fricative]C[liquid]V predominate. The analyzed data are important and serve to deeply recognize the characteristics of phonological system of Albanian and can also serve for its approach to typological level.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deformations and Strains in a Thick Adherend Lap Joint

Displacement fields in a thick adherend lap joint were measured by high-sensitivity moiré interferometry. Contour maps of in-plane U and V displacements were obtained across adhesive and adherend surfaces. Loads ranged from a modest load to a near-failure load. Quantitative results are given for displacements and strains in the adhesive and along the adhesive/adherend boundary lines. The results show nearly constant shear strain in the adhesive, nonlinear strains as a function of load or average shear stress, and viscoelastic or time-dependent response. Longitudinal normal strains in the adhesive are nearly two orders of magnitude less than the shear strains. With its subwavelength displacement resolution and high spatial resolution, moiré interferometry is especially well suited for deformation studies of adhesive joints.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Training Community‐Based Clinicians in Screening and Brief Intervention for Substance Abuse Problems: Translating Evidence into Practice

Screening and brief intervention in general health care settings are efficacious but have not been widely adopted. Our objective was to assess the effect of an educational intervention on clinicians’ substance abuse‐related clinical practices. The study was a telephone survey of practicing physicians, nurses, psychologists, physician's assistants, and social workers who attended a half‐day continuing education course on one of four occasions. The course covered the stages of behavioral change and motivational counseling, using primarily role play with standardized patients. Of 87 course attendees, 70 (80%) completed the interview. Months to years after the course, most (91%) reported that the course made an impact on their practice. Most (78%) of respondents reported that they frequently or always asked new patients who drank alcohol a formal screening questionnaire such as the CAGE, and 94% frequently or always assessed their substance abusing patients’ readiness to change. Most respondents reported that since taking the course they were more likely (1) to screen patients for alcohol or drug related problems (86%) and (2) to ask patients about their substance abuse on a follow‐up visit (96%). After exposure to an active‐learning half‐day continuing education course, clinicians reported improvement with and high rates of desirable substance abuse‐related clinical practices up to 5 years later. Continuing education efforts that incorporate active learning directed toward practicing clinicians show promise for improving rates of brief intervention for alcohol and other drug abuse.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences