jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A tale of two stories: validity of an alternative story memory test in a sample of older adults

<b>Objective</b>: Many patients require repeat neuropsychological evaluations to determine change over time. Repeat evaluations lead to practice effects, which can impact the validity of the assessment. The current study assessed, in older adults, the validity of an alternative set of verbal memory stories created by Newcomer and colleagues. <b>Method</b>: A total 154 of non-demented adults, ages 60–92, completed the WMS-III logical memory (LM) stories and two Newcomer stories (Carson–Jones) as part of a larger battery of neurocognitive tests. The Carson–Jones stories were scored for: (1) verbatim (traditional) and (2) thematic (developed for this study) accuracy. Story memory variables were compared to each other and additional neurocognitive measures using bivariate correlations. A subset of participants (<i>n =</i> 133) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and various structural regions (e.g. thickness and volume of medial temporal lobe structures) were used to assess external validity of Carson–Jones stories with hierarchical multiple regression analyses. <b>Results</b>: There was a strong positive correlation between WMS-III LM and Carson–Jones stories for both verbatim and thematic scoring. Both scoring types showed convergent validity with other verbal memory measures (e.g. WMS-III LM and HVLT-R Delay/Learning) and divergent validity with Stroop Word Reading and JOLO. Regarding neuroimaging correlates, Carson–Jones verbatim scoring was significantly associated with left subiculum and left whole hippocampal volume whereas thematic scoring was significantly associated only with left subiculum. <b>Conclusions</b>: Newcomer stories appear to be a valid alternative to WMS-III LM stories in terms of assessing verbal memory in healthy older adults.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Spirocyclic 3-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2-benzofurans as σ<sub>1</sub> Receptor Ligands for Neuroimaging with Positron Emission Tomography

A series of various N-substituted 3-(3-fluoropropyl)-3H-spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidines] (7) has been synthesized. In receptor binding studies, the N-benzyl derivative 7a (WMS-1813) revealed extraordinarily high sigma(1) receptor affinity (K(i) = 1.4 nM) and excellent sigma(1)/sigma(2) selectivity (>600 fold). In vitro biotransformation of 7a with rat liver microsomes led to three main metabolites. N-Debenzylation was inhibited by introduction of an N-phenylethyl residue (7 g). The PET tracer [(18)F]7a was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the tosylate 13 with K[(18)F]F-K222-carbonate complex. The decay corrected radiochemical yield of [(18)F]7a was 35-48% with a radiochemical purity of >99.5% and a specific activity of 150-238 GBq/micromol. The radiotracer properties were evaluated in female CD-1 mice by organ distribution and ex vivo brain autoradiography. The radiotracer uptake in the brain was fast and sufficient, with values of approximately 4% injected dose per gram. Target specificity of [(18)F]7a was validated in blocking studies by preapplication of haloperidol, and significant reduction in the uptake of radioactivity was observed in the brain and peripheral organs expressing sigma(1) receptors.

Topic: Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Catholic Historical Review : One Hundred Years of Scholarship on Catholic Missions in the Early Modern World

The author analyzes the 125 articles published in The Catholic Historical Review between 1915 and the centennial. The first part contextualizes the individual contributions against landmark scholarship in the field of Catholic missions to colonial Latin America and Ming China. The second part presents statistical analyses of the articles by subfields and decades, showing the preponderance of publications in Latin America (48 percent), North America (30 percent), and Asia (12 percent). It concludes with a succinct comparison of the profile of this journal in the field of missions history against other scholarly venues

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Static/Dynamic Buckling of Axially Compressed Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shells Using Simple Models

The postbuckling response of elastic thin-walled circular cylindrical shells under axial compression is discussed using equivalent 1 and 2 degrees-of-freedom imperfect models characterized by a nonlinear spring component simulating the analogous restraining membrane force in the shell. The initial geometric shell imperfections are related to the out of straightness of shell generators. Very recently, Bodner and Rubin (Modeling the Buckling of Axially Compressed Elastic Cylindrical Shells, AIAA Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 103-110) proposed a 1 degree-of-freedom mechanical model, whose buckling mechanism can be viewed as a local event governed by a shallow archlike behavior depending on the shell geometry, which they related to an empirical formula based on experimentally measured shell buckling loads. This formula, relating the critical load to the ratio thickness-to-radius of the shell, was used for determining the aforementioned nonlinear spring component, necessary for the subsequent analysis of the model. In the present analysis, a new, more reliable 2 degree-of-freedom model for both axisymmetric and asymmetric buckling mechanisms of axially compressed circular cylindrical shells is proposed which can include antisymmetric imperfections and mode coupling. Another advantage of the proposed models is their ready extension to the dynamic buckling. Moreover, a semi-empirical formula is proposed which generalizes Koiter's formula to include the effect of the ratio thickness-to-the shell radius. Numerical examples illustrate the simplicity and efficiency of the analysis for establishing static and dynamic buckling estimates, quite satisfactory for structural design purposes.

Topic: Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Romania’s Accession to the Economic and Monetary Union: The Role of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Assuring Price Stability

In order that the monetary policy of the ECB to be efficient it is necessary that the monetary transmission mechanism from our country to be similar to the one from the euro area, which reveals the similarity of the financial system structure. In monetary transmission mechanism a major role is held by the structure of financial assets and liabilities of household and corporations. In this way, we have done a comparative analysis of the financial structure of households and corporations in Romania and the euro area for the period 2007-2010. The negative effects of loosing monetary policy autonomy can be taken away by promoting restrictive fiscal and income policies. But the inflation rate in Romania will be influenced not only by the national fiscal policy, but also by the fiscal policy of the countries from the euro area. Therefore, we have analysed the spillover effects of the fiscal policy.

Topic: Fiscal Policies and Political Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Bioactive peptides in long-time ripened open texture semi-hard cheese

Bovine milk is an excellent source of bioactive peptides. The bioactive peptides are in an inactive state in the protein and are released during enzymatic activity, e.g. during cheese ripening. Specific properties of bioactive peptides from ripened cheese has been reported, e.g. antihypertensive, antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and mineral binding. This work was made to screen for bioactive peptides in the Swedish long time ripened open-texture cheese, Präst cheese from Skånemejerier. Cheeses with three different ripening times available at the market were investigated; Prästost (ripened for 8 months), Allerum (1 year) and XO (2 years). A solution of the pH 4.6-soluble N-compounds was made using a citrate dispersion of the cheese and then lower the pH to below 4.6. Separation of the peptides in the pH 4.6 soluble fractions was conducted by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). For identification of the peptides, on-line electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was monitored. Suggested identities of the peptides were given by using MS/MS analysis of the most intense ions in the mass spectra. All three kind of cheese contained similar profiles of bioactive peptides. Peptides from the N-terminal part of S1-casein were a group of bioactive peptides (ACE-inhibitory and antioxidative) accounting for a high presence in Präst cheese. Caseinphosphopeptides (CPPs) were another group of bioactive peptides found in Präst cheese, e.g. -casein f(8-28), f(29-93)A1 and f(29-93)A2. The most dominating peaks in the medium ripened Präst cheese and Allerum (long ripened) were identified as S1-casein f(1-6), f(1-7), f(1-9), f(1-13) and f(1-14) as well as -casein f(8-28),(29-93)A1 and f(29-93)A2. In XO (extra-long ripened) the most dominating peaks were identified as S1-casein f(1-6), f(1-7), f(1-9) as well as -casein f(29-93)A1 and f(29-93)A2.

Topic: Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
BASEN: Time-Domain Brain-Assisted Speech Enhancement Network with Convolutional Cross Attention in Multi-talker Conditions

Time-domain single-channel speech enhancement (SE) still remains challenging to extract the target speaker without any prior information on multi-talker conditions. It has been shown via auditory attention decoding that the brain activity of the listener contains the auditory information of the attended speaker. In this paper, we thus propose a novel time-domain brain-assisted SE network (BASEN) incorporating electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded from the listener for extracting the target speaker from monaural speech mixtures. The proposed BASEN is based on the fully-convolutional time-domain audio separation network. In order to fully leverage the complementary information contained in the EEG signals, we further propose a convolutional multi-layer cross attention module to fuse the dual-branch features. Experimental results on a public dataset show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art method in several evaluation metrics. The reproducible code is available at https://github.com/jzhangU/Basen.git.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of skeletal maturity in Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus subjects

Abstract Introduction: The accurate assessment of skeletal maturation and residual growth is critically important in orthodontics, especially in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus growing subjects in which the available data on their growth are conflicting and are mainly derived from cross-sectional studies. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the association between the calcification stages of the second mandibular molar, the maturation of the middle finger phalanx, and the chronological age of the patients. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 80 Iraqi subjects of Type1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM), 40 males and 40 females. For each subject, two per apical radiographic were used, one for the mandibular right second molar and the other for the middle phalanx of the middle finger (MP3). Demirjian method (1973) was assessed for the ossification of teeth, while Staging of the Middle phalanx of the third finger radiographs was done according to the Rajagopal and Kansal method. Result: The results showed no significant association between skeletal and dental maturity for both genders in T1DM growing subjects and a negative association can be seen between dental age and skeletal age in total, male and female T1DM subjects. Conclusion: mandibular second molar calcification stages of Demirgian's classification are unreliable as a skeletal maturity indicator in TIDM.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tagore’s Ideas of Patriotism with Reference to Gora

Nationalism and patriotism often attracts attention and imagination of people. But Rabindranath Tagore was known critique of the traditional concept of Nationalism which he thought was a western import. The multiple meanings of Nationalism and patriotism gets newer definitions in the character study of the novel Gora. The political ideologues Tagore and his Cosmopolitan Humanism gets fleashed out through his writings often. This paper, in trying to understand Rabindranath Tagore’s reservations against nationalism and his concept of patriotism, tries to perceive the nature of nationalism in reference to his novel Gora. Finally looks at the criticism led against Tagore’s ideas of nationalism and how he answered them.

Topic: Indian History and Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 120: Cortical Superficial Siderosis in Community-dwelling Subjects: The Framingham Heart and Rotterdam Studies

Background: Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) is increasingly recognized as an imaging marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in clinical settings. In these hospital-based cohorts, cSS seems to be a robust indicator of increased risk of future intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). cSS is also described in community-dwelling individuals, but current understanding of underlying pathology and prognostic implications in this setting is limited. We characterized cSS, its determinants and consequences, compared with another MRI marker of CAA (lobar cerebral microbleeds [CMBs]) in community-dwelling older adults by combining individual-level data from two large population cohorts. Methods: We evaluated cSS in Framingham Original/Offspring Cohort and Rotterdam Study participants ≥ 55 years of age who underwent brain MRI allowing for cSS and CMB detection. In cross-sectional analysis, we compared vascular risk factors/medications, MRI markers of interest, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes (ε3/ε3 as control), and clinical outcomes (ICH, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and mild cognitive impairment) amongst participants with cSS and those without cSS/CMBs, as well as individuals with strictly lobar CMBs (without cSS). Results: cSS was present in 0.4% (26) of 6049 participants and strictly lobar CMBs in 13% (776). In comparison to participants with neither cSS nor CMBs and to those with strictly lobar CMBs, participants with cSS were older (OR per year increase 1.1, 95% CI 1.1-1.1 and 1.1, 1.0-1.1, respectively), and had overrepresentation of APOE ε4 (at least 1 ε4 allele; age/sex adjusted OR 5.23, 2.1-13.3 and 3.5, 1.4-9.0), and ICH (42, 7-251 and 31, 3.8-253). There also existed a trend toward overrepresentation of the APOE ε2 allele in participants with cSS (2.8, 0.9-8.8, p=0.08 and 2.7, 0.8-8.5, p=0.10). The association with ICH withstood additional adjustment for white matter hyperintensity volume and lacunes on MRI. Conclusions: In this large population-based study of cSS, the prevalence of cSS was low but presence of cSS was more strongly associated with markers of CAA, such as APOE genotype and ICH, than presence of lobar microbleeds without cSS, suggesting that cSS may reflect advanced CAA even in community-dwelling subjects.

Topic: Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Contextual Importance of Leadership and Management Training in Undergraduate Medical Education: Literature Review

Leadership is recently known to be necessary at all levels within an organization, causing it to be extremely important for new graduates to understand what leadership is and to be familiar with different key leadership and management competencies. Leadership is also an integral part of medical practice. However, at present several medical colleges do not have a leadership and management curriculum, and thus, our medical college is not preparing its undergraduates in such skills as effective communication, conflict resolution, and time management. The search terms used were undergraduate medical leadership and management programs, undergraduate medical student leadership development programs, student leadership, and management training, clinical leadership, challenges of leadership and management programs in medical colleges, and skills needed for leadership and management course development. The review has shed light on skills needed for proposing a program on leadership and management for students at medical universities. The review also provided a rich combination of definitions of leadership, challenges to the type of leadership as well as how other medical organizations approach leadership and management. The theories suggest approaching competencies for leadership rather than building on pure theoretical knowledge of leadership. Furthermore, the research suggests differentiating the leadership training for undergraduate students based on how to add value to their career/study progressions, standardization, and organizational contribution. The literature further revealed the different challenges and barriers to developing leadership and management programs in medical colleges.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recognizing Their Power

In this chapter, we investigated how internal stakeholders (i.e., NFL/NCAA athletes) employed their personal social media accounts to influence organizational decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed two cases that featured athlete-led social media campaigns: 1) NFL Athletes’ #WeWantToPlay campaign, and 2) NCAA Athletes’ #WeAreUnited and #WeWantToPlay campaigns. In both instances, internal stakeholders (i.e., athletes) formulated a coordinated social media campaign to spur responses from external stakeholders (i.e., fans) that would, jointly, influence organizational decisions pertaining to COVID-19 safety protocols and the playing of the 2020 professional and collegiate football seasons. Implications for internal stakeholders, crisis communication management, crisis communication scholarship were discussed.

Topic: Public Relations and Crisis Communication
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Redefining What Is Possible: Treating Function and Enhancing Esthetics Using a Risk Management System.

The case presented involves a patient with a history of extensive dental treatment who had become exasperated with her increasingly uncomfortable bite. She also had concerns about the potential fracture or loss of anterior teeth. In managing her risk profile and esthetic concerns, the clinician utilized a systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment planning. The treatment consisted of addressing her joint pain, restoring the maxillary arch, and then restoring the mandibular arch using a combination of direct and indirect restorations. All treatment was completed without increasing the risk to the patient's overall dental health.

Topic: Dental Radiography and Imaging
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Cognitive and narrative approach to the analysis of the mythopoetical space of the modern Australian prose texts (on the material of Juliet Marillier’s novel “Daughter of the Forest”)

Вступ.В контексті сучасних досліджень у галузі лінгвістики безперечним є тезис стосовно нових відчутних тенденцій у вивченні художнього мовобуття, оскільки, аналізуючи процес текстотворення як особливу соціальну гру, абстрактний і уявний авторський «світ ідей» логічно трансформується за певним наративним сценарієм у світ реалістичний і конкретний [11, с

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Expression of doublecortin and CaM kinase‑like‑1 protein in serrated neoplasia of the colorectum

The adenoma-carcinoma sequence (ACS) and the serrated pathway are two distinct developmental routes leading to the formation of colorectal carcinoma. Recently, the doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 protein (DCLK1) has been reported to serve as an intestinal cancer stem cell marker and has been demonstrated to be overexpressed through the ACS; however, there is a lack of reports on the role of DCLK1 in the serrated pathway. To clarify the correlation between DCLK1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of the serrated tumorigenic pathway, the present study used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of DCLK1 in endoscopically resected samples of 62 serrated polyps [20 hyperplastic polyps (HPs), 16 traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) and 26 sessile serrated adenoma-polyps (SSA/Ps)], as well as 20 non-serrated adenomas, 20 carcinoma in adenomas (CIAs) and 18 early pure colorectal carcinomas without any adenoma component (EPCs). Based on immunostaining score, high DCLK1 expression was detected in 20.0% of HPs (23.1% of microvesicular HPs and 14.3% of goblet cell HPs), 37.5% of TSAs, 7.7% of SSA/Ps, 80.0% of non-serrated adenomas, 75.0% of CIAs and 50.0% of EPCs. Negative or low DCLK1 expression was frequently observed in TSAs (P<0.005), SSA/Ps (P<0.00001) and EPCs (P<0.04) compared with non-serrated adenomas and CIAs. In addition, negative or low DCLK1 expression was significantly more frequent in SSA/Ps (92.3%) compared with TSAs (62.5%; P<0.05). Thus, the expression pattern of DCLK1 between the serrated pathway and ACS differed, indicating that DCLK1 expression may perform a secondary role in serrated tumorigenesis. In addition, the data indicates that EPCs may contain tumors derived from the serrated pathway as well as the ACS.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determination of Zearalenone in Urine Samples from Guatemala:  A Pilot Assessment

*Co-first authorsAbstract:Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the most prevalent estrogenic mycotoxins, contaminates crops, including maize, rice, and wheat. Previous studies have found high levels of mycotoxins, particularly fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize from Guatemala. In addition, our group has reported high levels of serum aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in this population. However, exposure to ZEA has not been examined in Guatemala. Thus, this pilot study assessed the presence of ZEA in urine samples from Guatemala City and vicinity (n=50). In addition, correlation between ZEA and AFB1was examined as well as correlations with maize and tortilla consumption. Ten of the 50 samples had detectable levels of ZEA, with a median level of 2.0 pg/uL. No correlations were found with AFB1 levels, nor with maize or tortilla consumption. This is the first report on the presence of ZEA in urine samples from Guatemala. These results suggest that further research on ZEA in Guatemala is warranted.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An overview of 3G mobile network infrastructure

The migration from 2nd generation (2G) to 3rd generation (3G) mobile systems (e.g., GSM to UMTS) is ongoing in Europe and Asia-Pacific. The 3G operators are deploying new infrastructure to enable mobile Internet services for end users. Ericsson is committed to making this migration as seamless as possible for the operators and end users. This paper describes the building blocks of 3G network infrastructure.

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences