jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR CORRECTING OF CLEFT PALATE DURING ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

One of the most common craniofacial congenital deficiencies is cleft palate with an incidence of 1.7:1000 live births. The clinical management of cleft palate involves multiple surgical interventions and gives rise to post-operative complications. Recently, tissue-engineering approaches have been developed to treat cleft palate using osteoprogenitor (bone forming) cells seeded on biodegradable electrospun mat scaffolds to repair the defects. Animal sera are frequently employed as a regular supplement in vitro for osteoprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in culture conditions. However, serious drawbacks have been recorded, such as contamination, poorly defined components, and disease transmission. To overcome these obstacles, xeno-free media have recently been developed. This project aims to test a set of commercially available xeno-free media or supplements in which human-derived cells (hBMSCs and HJPs) can be grown to create a bone-like matrix suitable for craniofacial tissue engineering. The investigation showed that a commercially available medium containing 2% (v/v) human serum is best able to support human Bone Marrow Stem Cells (hBMSC) growth and differentiation among the media tested. However, there was noticeable donor variability in cell growth rates and osteogenic potential in the different media studied. Although 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum is frequently employed for the proliferation of cells supporting in vitro growth, it was shown to poorly to support osteogenic differentiation compared to human-derived culture media. Polycaprolactone scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning and these were shown support osteogenesis and bone-like matrix formation in selected xeno-free media with differential effects on secretion of angiogenic growth factor (VEGF). A tri-layer PCL mat scaffold could support and separate three different cell types (Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, and hBMSCs) to allow osteogenic differentiation on one side and create an oral mucosa on the other side indicating this would be a promising scaffold to incorporate the cell types needed for cleft palate repair.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Winding number, density of states and acceleration

Winding number and density of states are two fundamental physical quantities for non-self-adjoint quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators, which reflect the asymptotic distribution of zeros of the characteristic determinants of the truncated operators under Dirichlet boundary condition, with respect to complexified phase and the energy respectively. We will prove that the winding number is in fact Avila's acceleration and it is also closely related to the density of states by a generalized Thouless formula for non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operators and Avila's global theory.

Topic: Spectral Theory in Mathematical Physics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proton/pion ratios in ∆φ with respect to a jet in

Inclusive proton/pion ratios show an enhancement at intermediate transverse momentum (pT ∼ 1.5- 4.0 GeV/c) in central sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions compared to peripheral Au+Au and p+p collisions. This effect suggests a production mechanism, different from fragmentation, which is consistent with coalescence and recombination models. A high ET trigger particle selects a surface-biased jet, which is measured to have a similar pT distribution as a p+p jet. This jet is used to enhance the quenching effects of the recoiling, medium traversing one. We reconstruct the trigger jet using the FASTJET algorithm, with a ET (pT) cut of 3.0 GeV(/c) on the towers(tracks) in order to reduce the heavy-ion collision background. The particle identification of tracks with pT up to ∼ 2.8 GeV/c is obtained by taking advantage of STAR TOF and TPC detectors with full azimuth coverage. Correlations in ∆φ between jets and identified hadrons are presented, and the particle ratios in different regions of azimuth are measured. Particle ratios associated with the trigger jet vs. the recoil jet, and comparisons to inclusive particle ratios can help to distinguish between jet-related (vacuum and medium-modified) and bulk-related contributions to the ratios enhancement. Keywords: jets, STAR, proton/pion enhancement,

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
One night of sleep deprivation induces release of small extracellular vesicles into circulation and promotes platelet activation by small <scp>EVs</scp>

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in intercellular communication. Few studies have focused on EV levels in subjects with sleep disorders. Here, we aimed to explore the role of acute sleep deprivation on the quantity and functionality of circulating EVs, and their tissue distribution. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of volunteers and animals undergoing one night of sleep deprivation. Arterio‐venous shunt, FeCl 3 thrombus test and thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation assay were conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro bioactivity of small EVs. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of EV proteins. The fate and distribution of circulating small EVs were determined by intravital imaging. We found that one night of sleep deprivation triggers release of small EVs into the circulation in both healthy individuals and animals. Injection of sleep deprivation‐liberated small EVs into animals increased thrombus formation and weight in thrombosis models. Also, sleep deprivation‐liberated small EVs promoted platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Mechanistically, sleep deprivation increased the levels of HMGB1 protein in small EVs, which play important roles in platelet activation. Furthermore, we found sleep deprivation‐liberated small EVs are more readily localize in the liver. These data suggested that one night of sleep deprivation is a stress for small EV release, and small EVs released here may increase the risk of thrombosis. Further, small EVs may be implicated in long distance signalling during sleep deprivation‐mediated adaptation processes.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CD43 Regulation of T Cell Activation Is Not through Steric Inhibition of T Cell–APC Interactions but through an Intracellular Mechanism

CD43 is a large heavily glycosylated protein highly expressed on T cells and actively excluded from the immunological synapse through interactions with ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins. Due to its size and charge, it has been proposed that the CD43 ectodomain acts as a physical barrier to T cell–APC interactions. We have addressed this hypothesis by studying the effect of reconstituting CD43 mutants into the hyperproliferative CD43−/− T cells. Reintroduction of full-length CD43 reversed the CD43−/− T cell hyperproliferation. Interestingly, despite the lack of exclusion from the interaction site, a mutant containing the CD43 ectodomain on a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage was ineffective. Additionally, T cell–APC conjugate formation was not affected by this ectodomain-only construct. In contrast, CD43−/− T cell hyperproliferation was reversed by an intracellular-only CD43 fused to the small ectodomain of hCD16. Mutation of this intracellular-only CD43 such that it could not move from the T cell–APC contact site had no further affect on proliferation than the moveable CD43 but did dramatically reduce interleukin-2 production. Thus, the exclusion of the CD43 intracellular region from the immunological synapse is required for CD43 regulation of interleukin-2 production, but the presence of the cytoplasmic tail, independent of its location, is sufficient to reverse CD43−/− T cell hyperproliferation.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Revision of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China

The genera and species of the subfamily Rogadinae Foerster, 1862 sensu stricto from China are revised. A key to the Chinese genera is given and all genera, including three genera new to science and four new to China, are described and illustrated. Keys to the Chinese species of Rogadinae are provided. Of all 116 species, 46 species are described as new to science and 11 species as newly recorded from China, while in addition four new combinations (Arcaleiodes aglaurus (Chen &amp; He, 1991), A. nitidus (Chen &amp; He, 1991), A. pulchricorpus (Chen &amp; He, 1991), and A. unifasciatus (Chen &amp; He, 1991)) and one synonym (Spinaria bicolor Szépligeti, 1902, of S. armator (Fabricius, 1804)) are proposed.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Expanded in Recombinant Interleukin-2

A method was described for the generation of cells from tumor-bearing mice; these cells were capable of exhibiting significant antitumor reactivity when adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts. Tumor cell suspensions from a variety of tumors were able to be separated using enzymatic techniques and they were cultured in medium containing recombinant interleukin-2. Activated infiltrating lymphocytes within these tumors expanded; and, by 6-8 days after initiation of culture, lymphocytes predominated and were able to grow to large numbers. The adoptive transfer of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) made possible mediation of the reduction of established 3-day pulmonary micrometastases from 5 of 7 tumors tested, including two 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS: 56-49-5)-induced sarcomas, one 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (CAS: 540-73-8)-induced colon carcinoma, and the B16 melanoma, all in C57BL/6 mice, as well as the 1660 bladder carcinoma in BALB/c mice. Approximately 2-4 X 10(6) transferred cells were capable of totally eliminating 3-day established metastases. These cells were thus 50 to 100 times more effective than lymphokine-activated killer cells in reducing established metastases; however, they could not be generated from all tumors. The concomitant administration of recombinant interleukin-2 enhanced, by approximately fivefold, the in vivo activity of these cells. The specificity of action of TILs in vivo was different from that determined by classic amputation rechallenge experiments. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that developed this antitumor reactivity appeared to be Thy-1+ and did not bear the asialo GM1 antigen. The potent antitumor effect of these TILs, when transferred in vivo to tumor-bearing hosts, raises the possibility of utilizing similar approaches for the isolation and therapeutic use of lymphocytes with antitumor reactivity from human tumors.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bayesian Model Adaptation for Crowd Counts

The problem of transfer learning is considered in the domain of crowd counting. A solution based on Bayesian model adaptation of Gaussian processes is proposed. This is shown to produce intuitive model updates, which are tractable, and lead to an adapted model (predictive distribution) that accounts for all information in both training and adaptation data. The new adaptation procedure achieves significant gains over previous approaches, based on multi-task learning, while requiring much less computation to deploy. This makes it particularly suited for the problem of expanding the capacity of crowd counting camera networks. A large video dataset for the evaluation of adaptation approaches to crowd counting is also introduced. This contains a number of adaptation tasks, involving information transfer across video collected by 1) a single camera under different scene conditions (different times of the day) and 2) video collected from different cameras. Evaluation of the proposed model adaptation procedure in this dataset shows good performance in realistic operating conditions.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Visceral Fat Affects Heart Rate Recovery but Not the Heart Rate Response Post-Single Bout of Vigorous Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Study in Non-Obese and Healthy Participants

Body composition could influence exercise physiology. However, no one has ever studied the effect of visceral fat (VF) on heart rate (HR) trends during and after exercise by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). This study aims to investigate BIA variables as predictors of HR trends during vigorous exercise. Ninety-six participants (age 22.5 ± 4.8 years) were included in the data analysis. After performing BIA, the HR was recorded at three time points: baseline HR (BHR), peak HR (PHR) at the end of vigorous exercise, and resting HR (RHR) 1 min after the end of the exercise. After BHR, a 30 s squat jump test was performed. Linear regression analysis showed the body fat percentage and VF as a predictor of HR recovery post-exercise (p &lt; 0.01). However, body weight has no association with HR recovery (p &gt; 0.05). On the other hand, BIA variables were not associated with the variation of HR from the baseline to the end of the exercise. The results show that higher VF is associated with a slower HR recovery. To schedule a training program, it would be safer to monitor visceral fat before prescribing recovery time.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
REPORT OF DENTAL OFFICER FOR ANTARCTIC SUPPORT ACTIVITIES FOR OPERATION DEEP FREEZE '62

Abstract : Contents: General description of Antarctica (Geography, Types of shelter, Quality of the food); Background of Deep Freeze; How the assignment works for the dental officer (Staging at Davisville, R.I., with periods of instruction at Bethesda, Md., Newport, R.I., and Groton, Conn; Deployment to McMurdo Station; Dental department facilities and equipment; Dental officer's duties and responsibilities; The dental officer's daily routine; Supply problems; Discussion of personnel problems; Redeployment.

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mapping tourist hot spots in African cities based on Instagram images

Abstract Knowing in which areas tourists concentrate is fundamental for managing its effects. However, to date, research in this subject has mainly been carried out only in European and North American cities. The current article, in contrast, focuses on six African cities. We have analysed the spatial concentration of the images captured by Instagram users to identify the most visited locations. The results obtained show how there is a strong spatial concentration of images in African cities, little territorial continuity between the spaces visited, and a predominance of private attractions. These are important differences with respect to what has been described in the literature in other contexts.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE SOURCES OF EPISTEMIC BELIEFS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AND IT'S CORRELATES

Beliefs about knowledge and knowing directly impact pre-service teachers' teaching and learning strategies. The study was conducted on the pre-service teachers of Lucknow city (U.P.). The purpose of this study was to investigate the entire process of the development of epistemic beliefs of pre-service teachers. This study aimed to examine the sources of epistemic beliefs, how they change over time, and how their beliefs influence pre-service teachers' teaching strategies and learning outcomes. Through purposive sampling technique, participants in this study included 200 pre-service teachers (93 male; 107 female) of Lucknow city. A 50-item questionnaire was used to measure the epistemic beliefs of pre-service teachers. Factor analysis was used for data interpretation. The findings of this study indicated the influence of authority and surroundings on the development of pre-service teachers' epistemic beliefs, which may change from the beginning to the end of their teachers' training courses.

Topic: Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MenACWY-D) in Children 9–23 Months of Age in Russian Federation: Results of Russian Part of International Study in Russia and India

Aim . Assessment of tolerability, safety and immunogenicity of the 4-valent conjugated meningococcal MenACYW-D vaccine, administered 2 times to children 1–2 years of age in the Russian Federation. Study participants . 100 children aged 9–17 months not previously vaccinated against meningococcal infection. Methods . Two doses of the MenACYW-D vaccine were administered intramuscularly at intervals of 3–6 months. Antibody titers for meningococci of serogroups A, C, W, and Y were determined using a serum bactericidal assay in the presence of human complement before the 1st vaccination and 28 days after the 2nd vaccination. Participants with titers ≥ 1:8 were considered protected from meningococcal infection caused by the corresponding serogroup of meningococci. Results . After two vaccinations, the level of seroprotection in relation to these four serogroups of meningococci was achieved in 92.9–99.0% of vaccinated children. No immediate adverse events were reported after any of the 2 doses of the vaccine studied. The frequency of local and general expected adverse reactions after any of the 2 doses of the vaccine was 45% and 40%, respectively, in terms of severity they were mostly weak and disappeared within 3 days. In general, there was no increase in the reactogenicity of the vaccine after administration of the 2nd dose compared to the 1st dose. Unexpected adverse events were recorded in 10% of the study participants, of which only one (diarrhea that stopped within one day) at the conclusion of the research physician was a causally related with the vaccine. None of the adverse events led to the early termination of participation in the study. One serious adverse event has been reported, which the physician has identified as not having a causal relationship with the vaccine being studied. Conclusions . Two dose immunization with the MenACWY-D vaccine in children 1–2 years of age in the Russian Federation was safe, well tolerated, and induced a pronounced bactericidal humoral immune response against meningococci of serogroups A, C, W, and Y.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identification and Characterization of the Insulin Receptor of Bovine Retinal Microvessels*

The presence of specific, high affinity receptors for insulin has been demonstrated in purified preparations of bovine retinal microvessels. The binding of [125I]insulin to isolated retinal microvessels was inhibited by unlabeled insulin, but not by other peptide hormones. Scatchard analysis of the [125I]insulin binding data gave a curvilinear plot similar to that exhibited by insulin receptors in known insulin-sensitive tissues such as adipocytes and hepatocytes. Binding of [125I]insulin to retinal microvessels, followed by covalent cross-linking of the bound ligand to the alpha-subunit of the insulin receptor with the bifunctional reagent disuccinimidyl suberate, yielded a prominent specific [125I]insulin-labeled band when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography, and this band had a mobility identical to that of the corresponding complex obtained with rat liver plasma membranes (mol wt, 125,000). These results demonstrate for the first time that the retinal microvasculature, a major site of pathological injury in diabetes mellitus, contains insulin receptors that are similar to those present in known insulin-sensitive tissues, such as liver, fat, and muscle.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pedagogies of Place

This chapter explores a radical pedagogy for learning about Place. Indigenous methodologies such as Deep Listening and storytelling are discussed in relation to how they can actively decenter Western educational approaches to learning that have been both produced and mobilized by settler colonial occupation – through considering who we listen to as well as how we listen. In the approach discussed in this chapter, understanding of Place is embedded in its local community and centers lived experience from the margins. It is from here learning serves to connect and grow nodes of resistance. This process of listening and learning draws from Indigenous ways of thinking, being and doing to build relationality, relationships and community towards an active, engaged and decolonial pedagogy of Place and is discussed through the author's own artistic project, the Redfern School of Displacement (2016), which took place on unceded Gadigal land, in the place known by its colonial name, Sydney.

Topic: Indigenous and Place-Based Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of Perceived Value on Customer Satisfaction among Mobile Phone Users in Selected Public Universities in Kenya

Organizations need to understand what kind of service or products it offers, and for whom and as such organizations have embraced the concept customer relationship management practices since it focuses on managing relationship between its current and prospective customer base hence helping in building long lasting relationships which consequently give the organization the joy of retained customers. The specific objectives of study were; to determine the influence of Perceived Value on customer satisfaction. The study was guided by the social exchange theory which focused on the fundamental principle that humans in social situations choose behaviors that maximize their likelihood of meeting self-interests in those situations. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were utilized in this study and the following networks were sampled; Safaricom, Airtel, Orange and, yuMobile A questionnaire was used to collect data from sample size of 250 respondents who were sampled from the staff of public universities in the Western region which included Moi, Masinde Muliro, Maseno, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, University of Eldoret and Kisii University. Data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regressions were used to establish the effect between customer relationship management practices, customer satisfaction and customer Retention. The results revealed that Perceived value had significant effect on Customer satisfaction. Also, it was established that, Customer satisfaction was significant in predicting customer retention. The study recommends that service providers should put more emphasis on Customer Relationship Management Practices since they influence customer satisfaction and hence customer retention. The study provides new theoretical insight into factors influencing customer retention by incorporating customer satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between Customer Relationship Management Practices and customer retention.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences