jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Control of Combined Sewer Overflows in Hamilton-Wentworth Region

Abstract The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth operates and maintains a large combined sewer system in the Great Lakes basin. During dry weather and small storm events, two large interceptor sewers convey all sanitary and storm flows to the Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant. Larger rainfall events, specifically high intensity summer thunderstorms, generate flows which exceed the design capacity of the sanitary interceptors and result in combined sewer overflows to Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise, which ultimately discharge to Lake Ontario. The Region is implementing a comprehensive program for reducing the pollution caused by these overflows. This program includes the construction of several off-line detention storage facilities and the implementation of a real-time control system for combined sewer overflow reduction. Real-time control will enable maximum utilization of the storage available within the combined sewer network and help reduce the frequency and volume of combined sewer overflows. New hydrologic and hydraulic simulation models have been specially developed for this project to help identify, test and implement optimal real-time control strategies. This paper discusses some of the more important aspects related to the design and implementation of the Region’s real-time control system, and focuses mainly on the development of these hydrologic and hydraulic simulation models.

Topic: Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 624076: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Association of Arterial Stiffness With Significant Carotid Atherosclerosis and Carotid Plaque Vulnerability

Arterial stiffness and its valid index, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), have emerged as predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the relationship of the CAVI with significant carotid stenosis (&gt; 50%) and the related cerebrovascular symptoms or carotid plaque echogenicity, assessed by ultrasound gray-scale median (GSM) score, at baseline and after carotid artery stenting (CAS). We prospectively enrolled 113 patients with carotid stenosis (70-99% for asymptomatic and &gt; 50% for symptomatic participants) eligible for CAS. Age- and sex-matched individuals (n = 38) served as controls (CON). Clinical data, CAVI, and biochemical profile were obtained at baseline. Clinical assessment and CAVI measurement were performed 6 months after CAS. Compared with the CON group, the CAS group had a higher incidence of co-morbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), higher CAVI values (9.94 ± 2.14 vs 7.85 ± .97 m/sec, P &lt; .001), but a better lipid profile due to increased prescription of statins. The symptomatic CAS subgroup showed higher CAVI ( P &lt; .001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P = .048), and osteoprotegerin ( P = .002) levels than the asymptomatic one. In multivariate analysis, CAVI at baseline was independently associated with the presence of significant carotid atherosclerosis (β = .695, P &lt; .001), cerebrovascular events (β = .474, P &lt; .001), and GSM score (β = −.275, P = .042). Raised CAVI values were independently associated with significant carotid stenosis and plaque vulnerability.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Post-translational modification of the 26S proteasome subunits.

Most of proteins are modified post-translationally to function in a normal fashion. The incompleteness of post-translational modification can cause various diseases. The yeast 26S proteasome is a large protease complex that catalyzes the degradation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins. This complex is composed of two subcomplexes, a catalytic core particle (20S proteasome) and a pair of 19S regulatory particles. There are 28 subunits in the 20S proteasome and at least 17 subunits in the 19S regulatory particle. These subunits are post-translationally modified with functional groups such as phospho, N-acetyl, N-myristoyl groups. The phosphorylated subunits of the 26S proteasome have been identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and three phosphorylation sites of alpha-7 subunit of the 20S proteasome by mass spectrometry. The N-acetylated subunits also have been identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis. These phosphorylation and N-acetylation of the 26S proteasome were found to affect the proteolytic activity of the 20S proteasome and ATPase activity of the 19S regulatory particle.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from Circulating Immune Cell Composition and Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Using Epigenetic Cell Count Measures

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although ample evidence indicates that immune cell homeostasis is an important prognostic outcome determinant in patients with cancer, few studies have examined whether it also determines cancer risk among initially healthy individuals. We performed a case–cohort study including incident cases of breast (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 207), colorectal (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 111), lung (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 70), and prostate (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 201) cancer as well as a subcohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 465) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Heidelberg cohort. Relative counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocyte sublineages were measured by qRT-PCR. HRs and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the associations between relative counts of immune cell and cancer risks. When relative counts of immune cell types were taken individually, a significant positive association was observed between relative counts of FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lung cancer risk, and significant inverse associations were observed between relative CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; counts and risks of lung and breast cancer (overall and ER+ subtype). Multivariable models with mutual adjustments across immune markers showed further significant positive associations between higher relative FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell counts and increased risks of colorectal and breast cancer (overall and ER− subtype). No associations were found between immune cell composition and prostate cancer risk. These results affirm the relevance of elevated FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs and lower levels of cytotoxic (CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) T cells as risk factors for tumor development.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This epidemiologic study supports a role for both regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in determining cancer risk among healthy individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Song and Tworoger, p. 1801&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Scale-dependent bias from primordial non-Gaussianity with trispectrum

Abstract We study the scale-dependent bias of the halo power spectrum arising from primordial non-Gaussianity. We present an analytic result of the halo bias including up to the trispectrum contributions. We find that the scale-dependent bias opens a new possibility of probing the relation between the non-linearity parameters fNL and τNL.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
5-HT1A receptor: its role in the regulation of different kinds of behavior

Brain serotonin (5-HT) is known to be involved in the control of a wide range of physiological functions as well as of different kinds of behavior. Such polyfunctionality of 5-HT is mediated by numerous 5-HT receptors. Currently, 14 different 5-HT receptor subtypes expressed in the mammals have been identified. The 5-HT1А receptor is one of the most extensively characterised members of the serotonin receptor family. Increased interest to the 5-HT1А receptor is based on (1) a key role in the autoregulation of the brain serotonergic system due to the postsynaptic and presynaptic localization, (2) a great body of data demonstrating implication of 5-HT1А receptor in the control of various physiological functions (3) involvement of 5-HT1А receptors in the mechanisms of depression, anxiety and suicide. The review describes literature and original data on factors affecting the expression and functional activity of 5-HT1А receptors and the involvement of 5-HT1А receptors in the regulation of normal and pathological behavior. The structure of the 5-HT1А receptor gene is described and new data on the posttranslational regulation of 5-HT1А receptor functional activity are provided. A special focus was given to the interaction between 5-HT1А and 5-HT7 receptors followed by heterodimer formation and the role of heterodimerization in the functional inactivation of the 5-HT1А receptor. The implication of 5-HT1А receptors in the regulation of aggressive behavior, catalepsy, anxiety, depression and hibernation was shown. Special attention is focused on the involvement of 5-HT1А receptors in the regulation of 1) fear-induced aggression towards man – the basis of domestication, 2) intermale aggression underling asocial behavior in men, 3) depression and in the mechanism of antidepressant action. The described data extend the idea on the 5-HT1А receptor as a key player in the brain 5-HT system.

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Learning from Ambidexterity Experience

To overcome conflicting findings in ambidexterity research, this paper expands the debate on experiential learning in the ambidexterity literature. We argue that experience in a specific ambidexterity mode (i.e. contextual or sequential) positively affects the relationship between a firm’s contextual or sequential ambidexterity and its invention productivity. Longitudinal data on German biotechnology firms’ alliance portfolio dynamics partially support our hypotheses. We find that sequential ambidexterity benefits invention productivity the more experience firms have in either sequential or contextual ambidexterity. Interestingly, neither experience in sequential nor contextual ambidexterity benefits the execution of contextual ambidexterity. This paper advances ambidexterity research by elucidating the important and complex, but so far overlooked, role of learning from experience for ambidexterity outcomes and by introducing methods to operationalize ambidexterity modes and the experience firms accumulated in their execution.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Academic, Emotional, and Social Growth in the Second Language Classroom

This study sought to understand the relationships between socioemotional learning (SEL), second language learning, and digital literacies, and specifically addresses multimodal instruction and composition. Twenty-two students in an intermediate high school French classroom were asked to read an authentic francophone novel and take on one character's persona by creating an Instagram post that reflected that character's viewpoint. Students shared their posts with the class, discussed connections to the novel, and reflected on their composition process. Three data sources were iteratively coded using inductive and deductive methods. The Four Resources Model was adapted for this activity and framed the analysis. Students showed evidence of humor and empathy which led to decreased language anxiety and improved socioemotional learning. The use of an authentic text and the integration of commonly used, real-world social media tools encouraged SEL and helped lower language anxiety. Recommendations and implications for instruction are discussed.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Oil and the Origins of the Great War

Abstract This article looks at the strategic if little‐known role of oil and construction of the Berlin to Baghdad railway link between the German Reich and the Persian Gulf through what is today Iraq, in igniting an economic, military, and diplomatic confrontation in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and how it ultimately contributed to the move to war in 1914. This article will set down the background to this contentious issue, and analyze the various interpretations that authors have set down in the past. It will argue that despite appearances, the British Empire was in decline after about 1873 while the new German economic colossus presented an entirely new challenge to British hegemony. To secure future domination of the seas, after 1882 leading British circles around Admiral Fischer and Winston Churchill pushed through the conversion of the Royal Navy from coal to oil. The article goes into how the Berlin‐Baghdad presented an unacceptable strategic threat to that vital strategy. The various phases in the buildup to the Great War will be examined, along with the role of oil within this broad framework. Finally, the author will posit his own conclusions to this debate.

Topic: Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Uncertainty budget assessment of temperature coefficient measurements performed via intra-laboratory comparison between various facilities for PV device calibration

The performance of PV devices at different operating temperatures is important for determining the energy they produce once deployed. Therefore current–voltage characteristics are measured over a range of typical operating temperatures and the temperature coefficients of the main electrical performance parameters are extracted. They are the temperature coefficient α of short-circuit current, β of open-circuit voltage and δ of maximum power. The European Solar Test Installation has recently upgraded its capability to determine these temperature coefficients. The existing two setups were improved to be able to cover extended temperature ranges and two further setups and respective measurement procedures were made operational. For all setups revised uncertainty estimates were calculated. Here the setups and procedures are presented, together with the measurement uncertainty for the three temperature coefficients. Measurements were made on seven PV devices and their consistency compared based on uncertainties. It was found that all setups are fully consistent. The advantages of the different setups are also discussed.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protection against marked plasma leakage in dengue haemorrhagic fever by infusion of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (AC-17).

Patients diagnosed clinically as having grade II dengue haemorrhagic fever, and confirmed serologically to have been recently infected by dengue virus were randomly assigned to two groups, to assess suppression of plasma leakage by intravenous administration of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate(AC-17). The double-blind prospective study over three successive epidemic periods included 39 patients in the placebo group, and 38 in the AC-17 group. The effects of the administration were evaluated with respect to pleural effusion of the chest X-ray films. A clear difference between the two groups was found in the numbers of patients with pleural effusion and severity of the pleural effusion thus the administration of AC-17 may be useful in eliminating the risk factors of severe bleeding and shock in dengue haemorrhagic fever.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Predicting tumor hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer by combining CT, FDG PET and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT

<b>Background:</b> Most solid tumors contain inadequately oxygenated (i.e., hypoxic) regions, which tend to be more aggressive and treatment resistant. Hypoxia PET allows visualization of hypoxia and may enable treatment adaptation. However, hypoxia PET imaging is expensive, time-consuming and not widely available. We aimed to predict hypoxia levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using more easily available imaging modalities: FDG-PET/CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT). <b>Material and methods:</b> For 34 NSCLC patients, included in two clinical trials, hypoxia HX4-PET/CT, planning FDG-PET/CT and DCE-CT scans were acquired before radiotherapy. Scans were non-rigidly registered to the planning CT. Tumor blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) were calculated by kinetic analysis of DCE-CT images. Within the gross tumor volume, independent clusters, i.e., supervoxels, were created based on FDG-PET/CT. For each supervoxel, tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) were calculated (median SUV/aorta SUV<sub>mean</sub>) for HX4-PET/CT and supervoxel features (median, SD, entropy) for the other modalities. Two random forest models (cross-validated: 10 folds, five repeats) were trained to predict the hypoxia TBR; one based on CT, FDG, BF and BV, and one with only CT and FDG features. Patients were split in a training (trial NCT01024829) and independent test set (trial NCT01210378). For each patient, predicted, and observed hypoxic volumes (HV) (TBR &gt; 1.2) were compared. <b>Results:</b> Fifteen patients (3291 supervoxels) were used for training and 19 patients (1502 supervoxels) for testing. The model with all features (RMSE training: 0.19 ± 0.01, test: 0.27) outperformed the model with only CT and FDG-PET features (RMSE training: 0.20 ± 0.01, test: 0.29). All tumors of the test set were correctly classified as normoxic or hypoxic (HV &gt; 1 cm<sup>3</sup>) by the best performing model. <b>Conclusions:</b> We created a data-driven methodology to predict hypoxia levels and hypoxia spatial patterns using CT, FDG-PET and DCE-CT features in NSCLC. The model correctly classifies all tumors, and could therefore, aid tumor hypoxia classification and patient stratification.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anorectal Avulsion: An Unusual Rectal Injury

Traumatic injuries to the rectum although uncommon can result in virulent complications and even death. Diverting colostomy, presacral drainage, distal wash out and rectal repair, when feasible, have become the standard treatment for rectal injuries. We report an unusual case of rectal injury resulting in anorectal avulsion from skin and surrounding tissues.

Topic: Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growing MS/OR Groups for Fun and Profit

Among factors that influence the success of MS/OR groups are: an orientation towards project work, a generalist outlook, accountability within the organization, open career patterns, and support from middle and senior managers. These and other factors could be integrated into a coherent plan for improving the potential of success of such groups.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
No benefit of extended mesenteric resection with central vascular ligation in right‐sided colon cancer

Abstract Aim The optimal extent of mesenteric resection in colon cancer surgery is not known. We have previously shown an increased mortality associated with wider mesenteric resection in right hemicolectomy. This study compares the short‐ and long‐term outcome in three variations of right hemicolectomy based on the position of the vascular ligature in the mesentery. Method In all, 2084 cases of cancer in the caecum or ascending colon were identified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and categorized according to the position of the vascular ligature: central ligation of ileocolic vessels (ICVs) ± right colic vessels ( n = 390), central ligation of ICVs + right branch of middle colic vessels (MCVs) ( n = 1360) and central ligation of ICVs + central ligation of MCVs ( n = 334). Results Neither 3‐year overall survival, 3‐year disease‐free survival nor local recurrence rate differed between the groups ( P = 0.604; P = 0.247; P = 0.237). There was still no difference after multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, TNM stage and adjuvant therapy. An increased peri‐operative mortality, however, was observed in extended mesenteric resections, increasing from 0.8% in non‐extended to 3.6% in more extended resection, P = 0.025. Conclusion The study showed no survival benefit by more extended mesenteric resection, indicating that there is no need to extend the mesenteric resection to involve the MCVs in cancer of the caecum or ascending colon. On the contrary, increased peri‐operative mortality by more extensive mesenteric resection was noted suggesting that a more conservative approach may be favourable.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Computer Vulnerability, Consequences and Preparedness - Experiences from World Trade Center

Objectives To report the consequences of the computer system breakdown for three New York hospitals involved with the terrorist attack of September 11, the immediate measures performed to maintain function, and the following recovery and planning processes. Methodology Analysis of the experiences from the course of the event both with regard to the computer systems, the urgent salvage procedures, the impact on the functions in the hospitals, the existance/function of reserve systems, and the impact on planning for the future. Results The analysis showed an extensive dependence on computer technology for all functions in the hospitals and to a great extent abscense of prepared reserve or backup procedures. A dramatic cross-campus effort saved and restored the computer operations of the three involved hospitals, using Mount Sinai's resources as a backup. The experiences resulted in a plan to minimize or if possible eliminate these risks for dysfunction of the medical care system in similar events in the future. Conclusions An extensive and rapidly expanding computer dependance within the medical care system has led to a new and perhaps not fully realized hazard in connection to major accidents and disasters, involving a risk for severe impairment of critical functions. It is possible to employ computer backup systems, but this is a resource- and time-consuming process and does not eliminate the need of other prepared reserve systems.

Topic: Information and Cyber Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences