jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Safety of immunisation and adverse events following vaccination against hepatitis B

AbstractHepatitis B vaccines (HBVs) are composed of highly purified preparations of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). An adjuvant, either aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide, is added to the vaccines, which are sometimes preserved with thiomersal. In placebo-controlled studies, common side effects other than local reactions were reported no more frequently among vaccine recipients than among individuals receiving a placebo. A number of controversial adverse events have, however, been purported to be associated with HBVs, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes, demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis [MS]), chronic fatigue syndrome, and more recently, lymphoblastic leukaemia. In addition, the safety of the thiomersal and aluminium contained in the vaccine has also been under close scrutiny. These issues have been reviewed by a number of country-specific or international independent review committees such as that of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS). Upon review of the scientific evidence, none of the serious allegations have so far been confirmed. On the contrary, scientific evidence has accumulated to disprove many of the allegations. In particular, the IOM committee has concluded that the evidence favoured rejection of a causal relationship between HBV administered to adults and incident MS or MS relapse. Whilst it is important to continue monitoring some of the safety issues, there is no evidence to suggest that the WHO should consider altering its recommendation that all countries should have universal infant and/or adolescent immunisation programmes. The risks of hepatitis B vaccination are only theoretical in comparison with clear benefits in terms of cirrhosis and cancer prevention, and the HBV remains one with an excellent safety profile.Keywordsadverse eventshepatitis B vaccine (HBV)immunisationsafety

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CYTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF HYDROLASES IN FUNGUS CELLS

as substrate and fast garnet GBC as coupling agent. Controls confirm the specificity of the reaction. Other incubation solutions (two Gomori media and a simultaneous coupling procedure with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate as substrate) gave negative results or reaction pictures equally to those in substratefree control. The possible reasons for this are discussed. In the mycelial fungi the strongest enzyme activity is located in the most intensely metabolizing parts: tips of the hyphae and the differentiating parts of the conidiophores. The reaction granules in all four fungi are possibly identical with lysosomes.

Topic: Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Androgens and estrogens predict sexual function after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant in men

Abstract Background Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is associated with sexual dysfunction and hypogonadism. Androgens are associated with sexual function in healthy men, but the role of estrogens is less well‐known, and the association of these sex steroids with sexual function during AHSCT has not been characterized. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of sex hormones before and acutely after AHSCT on sexual function recovery. Materials and methods We examined sex hormones and self‐reported sexual function before (PRE) and 1‐month post‐AHSCT (MONTH1; n = 19), and sexual function again 1‐year post‐AHSCT in men (YEAR1; n = 15). Results Sexual function decreased from PRE to MONTH1 ( p ≤ 0.05) with no differences between PRE and YEAR1. Erectile dysfunction was prevalent at PRE (68.4%) and increased at MONTH1 (100%; p ≤ 0.05) but was not different between PRE and YEAR1 (60.0%). From PRE to MONTH1, total testosterone (TT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), follicle‐stimulating hormone, and sex‐hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) increased ( p ≤ 0.02) while estradiol ( p ≤ 0.026) and estrone decreased ( p ≤ 0.001). MONTH1 TT and DHT were associated with sexual function at MONTH1, while PRE SHBG, MONTH1 estradiol, and change in estrone predicted sexual function at YEAR1. Discussion Sexual dysfunction is very prevalent prior to AHSCT and is transiently and severely worsened acutely after. AHSCT induces acute decreases in total and free estrogens, with SHBG increases leading to increases in total androgens, without changes in free androgens. Conclusion Androgens and estrogens are both adversely affected by AHSCT but may predict sexual dysfunction in this population. This supports the premise that estrogen impacts sexual function independent from androgens and that steroid hormones are associated with acute changes in sexual function in this setting. Larger, controlled trials with long‐term sex hormone assessment will need to confirm the association between early changes in estrogens and long‐term sexual function recovery.

Topic: Hormonal and reproductive studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
When Same-Sex Couples Say ‘I Do’: Display Work and the (Re)Production of the Wedding Rite

Weddings are collective rituals that enable couples to show their solemn commitment to an invited audience. In this sense, weddings can thus be viewed as important forms of ‘display work’. While there are clear commonalities between rituals and display work, particularly in terms of their emphasis on spectacle, demonstration and audience, little attention has been given to how display work can inform and indeed transform wedding rituals. We use display work as a lens for exploring how same-sex couples construct and enact their wedding. In particular we show how heteronormative, gendered traditions that underpin the wedding rite are negotiated. Our findings demonstrate the interplay between display work and normative ritual elements. We identify four tactics of ‘reflexive display’: strategic compliance; playful appropriation; annexation; and conspicuous absence. Together, these show how the wedding rite is done, undone or redone, to reflect each couple’s unique relationship and perspective on same-sex union.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Basketball Pose-based Action Recognition

Action detection on a team sport is a challenging task, while sports analysis is&#13;\non-demand and in high interest. A great number of researchers try to make analysis&#13;\nautomated. Despite enormous success in image classification using deep learning,&#13;\n&#13;\naction recognition in the video remains a difficult task, and at present no good solu-&#13;\ntion exists in terms of accuracy and speed. The main challenge in action recognition&#13;\n&#13;\nis to design architecture that will capture both spatial and temporal information. In&#13;\n&#13;\nteam sports action analysis, the serious challenges are that we have multiple play-&#13;\ners performing simultaneously different actions, the players are constantly moving,&#13;\n&#13;\nthere are occlusions, the camera itself is moving. The proposed method is able to si-&#13;\nmultaneously recognize the actions of multiple players using pose estimation, track-&#13;\ning, and LSTM for action classification.

Topic: Human Pose and Action Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nigeria's Income Tax (Transfer Pricing) Regulations 2018: Conceptualizing the Elephant and “Plucking the Goose”

Abstract In 2015, the OECD gave the world a template to address base erosion and profit shifting and ensure that profit is taxed in the jurisdiction of value addition and / or where economic activities take place. The world's jurisdictions then embarked on implementing the template. Examining the legal framework subsequently put in place for the taxation of intangibles in Nigeria, this article argues that the distinct regimes for connected and unconnected persons’ transactions create flaws. It further asserts that these flaws are consequences of the conflict between the policy that underpins the legal framework and other policies in the country. It concludes that the legal framework may not be a “Swiss army knife” (providing Nigeria with all that is needed to combat transfer pricing issues associated with the transfer of intangibles by connected persons), as it creates issues that have undesired consequences for the taxation as well as the economic system.

Topic: Taxation and Compliance Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
An Atlas of Syphilis in a Single Case

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 3 of Candidate genes for monitoring hydrogen peroxide resistance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis

Additional file 3: Dataset S1. Complete list of genes differentially expressed in the H2O2-resistant lice groups (Ls V-2013, Ls V-P0 and Ls F2-R) versus the corresponding sensitive groups (Ls A-2013, Ls A-P0 and Ls F2-S), separately for up- and downregulated genes. Genes identified by their ENSEMBL entries. P(adj): P-value for normalized counts (α = 0.05). Table S1. Genes upregulated in Ls V-2013 vs Ls A-2013. Table S2. Genes downregulated in Ls V-2013 vs Ls A-2013.Table S3. Genes upregulated in Ls V-P0 vs Ls A-P0. Table S4. Genes downregulated in Ls V-P0 vs Ls A-P0. Table S5. Genes upregulated in Ls F2-R vs Ls F2-S. Table S6. Genes downregulated in Ls F2-R vs Ls F2-S.

Topic: Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The competitive transport inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylate triggers excitotoxicity in rat cortical neuron-astrocyte co-cultures via glutamate release rather than uptake inhibition

We studied the early and late effects of L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), a competitive inhibitor of glutamate uptake with low affinity for glutamate receptors, in co-cultures of rat cortical neurons and glia expressing spontaneous excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmission. At 100 or 200 microM, PDC induced different patterns of electrical changes: 100 microM prolonged tetrodotoxin-sensitive excitation triggered by synaptic glutamate release; 200 microM produced sustained, tetrodotoxin-insensitive and EAA-mediated neuronal depolarization, overwhelming synaptic activity. At 200 microM, but not at 100 microM, PDC caused rapid elevation of the glutamate concentration ([Glu]o) in the culture medium, resulting in NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic death of neurons 24 h later. The increase in [Glu]o was largely insensitive to tetrodotoxin, independent of extracellular Ca2+, and present also in astrocyte-pure cultures. By the use of glutamate transporters functionally reconstituted in liposomes, we showed directly that PDC activates carrier-mediated release of glutamate via heteroexchange. Glutamate release and delayed neurotoxicity in our cultures were suppressed if PDC was applied in a Na(+)-free medium containing Li+. However, replacement of Na+ with choline instead of Li+ did not result in an identical effect, suggesting that Li+ does not act simply as an external Na+ substitute. In conclusion, our data indicate that alteration of glutamate transport by PDC has excitotoxic consequences and that active release of glutamate rather than just uptake inhibition is responsible for the generation of neuronal injury.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Compressed Sensing Σ-Δ Modulators and Recovery Algorithm for Multi-Channel Bio-Signal Acquisition

Compressed sensing (CS) is a sampling scheme that exploits signal sparsity to reduce the digitizing rate and thus improve analog-to-digital converter (ADC) power efficiency. By decoupling the analog signal frequency and digitizing rate, the ADC sampling rate is determined by the information rate rather than the maximum signal frequency. Herein we propose a compressed sensing scheme for multi-channel bio-signal recording based on sigma-delta modulation (SDM). The dot products between the signal and measuring vectors are realized by the inherent integration of the SDM with relieved saturation concern. Compared to other CS scheme, front-end based on CS SDM scales better with continuing advances in CMOS technology. A sparse sensing matrix and modified recovery algorithm that exploits similar sparse signatures across multiple channels improve both chip area efficiency and signal recovery accuracy. Detailed analyses are validated by extensive simulation results.

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD nb1pwr_PortThrough #163006.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 1 (BL1). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL1.

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermal Analysis of Integrating Roof with Phase Change Materials for Energy Saving in Residential Buildings

The sector of air-conditioning in the residential building consumes most of the total ‎electricity supplied for heating or cooling. Thus it has a major impact on the greenhouse gases and climate. Phase change ‎materials (PCMs) are regarded as a possible solution for reducing the energy consumption of ‎buildings by storing the heat and releasing it in certain times. The present study assists for the ‎utilization of PCMs in the roof of residential building to absorb the heat comes from solar ‎radiation during the daytime and releasing it to the inside nightly. Building considerations ‎as well as thermo-physical properties of PCMs have been taken and measured experimentally. ‎Results have shown that these materials have a good potential for reducing energy demand ‎and satisfy comfortable thermal conditions. The obtained readings, from a rig model built for that purpose, ‎showed that the indoor temperature could increase by 5-9oC in the winter compared to that ‎measured in a traditional one. Furthermore, a simulation program depended on degree-days ‎method explained that the energy consumption could be saved up to 75%. Thus PCMs could ‎submit encouraging suggestions toward the sustainability.‎

Topic: Phase Change Materials Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Quantification of Quantum Nonlocality by Characteristic Function

Quantum nonlocal correlation (QNC) is thought to be more general than quantum entanglement correlation, but the strength of it has not been well defined. We propose a way to measure the strength of QNC basing on the characteristic function. The characteristic function of QNC in a composite system is defined as a response function under the local quantum measurement. It is explored that once a characteristic function is given, the state of a composite system, with just a local trace-preserving quantum operation uncertainty, will be determined. We show that the strength of QNC basing on the characteristic function is a half-positive-definite function and does not change under any LU operation. For a two-partite pure state, the strength of QNC is equivalent to the quantum entanglement. Generally, we give a new definition for quantum entanglement using the strength function. Furthermore, we also give a separability-criterion for 2\timesm-dimensional mixed real matrix. This letter proposes an alternate way for QNC further research.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Estimation in a growth study with irregular measurement times

Between 1982 and 1988 a growth study was carried out at the Division of Pediatric Oncology of the University Hospital of Groningen. A special feature of the project was that sample sizes are small and that ages at entry may be very different. In addition the intended design was not fully complied with. This paper highlights some aspects of the statistical analysis which is based on (1) reference scores, (2) statistical procedures allowing for an irregular pattern of measurement times caused by missing data and shifted measurement times.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Primer on Diabetes Mellitus: Foundations for the Incoming First-Year Resident

This resource is unique to MedEdPORTAL as it includes basic information on diabetes education and medical-nutritional therapy. We have required completion of these modules by our internal medicine residents since the class that enrolled in 2013. The curriculum is directed towards incoming first-year internal medicine residents but may also be used by trainees in other primary care fields.

Topic: Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects Of Goal Orientation On The Content Of Free-Set Goals

The effects of goal orientation (GO) on the types of goals set by students and on factors associated with effective goal-setting practices were examined. Using free-set goal methodology, 380 college students from a Midwest university freely reported their goals for semester, college, and long-term time frames and their confidence and commitment toward those goals. All students tended to set outcome goals regardless of their GO. LGO was positively correlated with goal difficulty, goal specificity, goal commitment, and goal confidence. While Avoid PGO was negatively correlated with goal difficulty and goal specificity, it was positively correlated with goal commitment and goal confidence. Approach PGO was not related to goal difficulty or goal specificity, however it was negatively related to goal commitment and goal confidence. Implications of this study include a better understanding of the benefits and detriments of goal orientation and a clearer understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of goal orientation theory.

Topic: Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Technique for Enhancing Signal in Conventional Backscattering Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy of Turbid Media

We demonstrate experimentally, for the first time, the feasibility of passively enhancing fluorescence and Raman signals from diffusely scattering media in a conventional backscattering collection geometry. The method employs transmission of the collimated excitation laser beam through a "unidirectional" dielectric mirror placed directly in front of the sample. This permits laser light that escapes from the sample surface to be reflected back into the sample where it can be more usefully employed in generating Raman and fluorescence signals. This leads to improved Raman signal, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and shorter acquisition times. Feasibility studies performed on standard pharmaceutical tablets and on sheets of Teflon, using a single enhancing element, demonstrate signal enhancement factors of 6 (fluorescence) and 3 (Raman). Potential applications of this simple device include improving quality control of pharmaceutical products, disease diagnosis of biological tissue, forensics, and security screening.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Indices of happiness and unhappiness during treatment of pediatric feeding disorders

Abstract To date, there is no research on the measurement of indices of happiness and unhappiness for children receiving behavior‐analytic treatment for feeding disorders and the research on caregiver treatment acceptability during feeding treatment is limited. The purpose of the current study was to measure child indices of happiness and unhappiness during extinction‐based treatment with and without noncontingent reinforcement and to evaluate caregiver treatment acceptability through the course of treatment. Child indices of happiness were idiosyncratic, while indices of unhappiness increased at the onset of treatment and were higher during extinction without noncontingent reinforcement, but eventually decreased. Overall, caregiver treatment acceptability remained high despite temporary increases in emotional responding. The current study introduces measures of social validity to use during feeding treatment (i.e., indices of happiness and unhappiness) and provides evidence that dense schedules of noncontingent reinforcement could serve to mitigate indices of unhappiness during the initial implementation of extinction‐based treatment.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Total Evidence, Average Consensus and Matrix Representation with Parsimony: What a Difference Distances Make

Matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) can be used to combine trees in the supertree or the consensus settings. However, despite its popularity, it is still unclear whether MRP is really a consensus method or whether it behaves more like the total evidence approach. Previous simulations have shown that it approximates total evidence trees, whereas other studies have depicted similarities with average consensus trees. In this paper, we assess the hypothesis that MRP is equally related to both approaches. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the accuracy of total evidence with that or various consensus methods, including MRP. Our results show that the total evidence trees are not significantly more accurate than average consensus trees that accounts for branch lengths, but that both perform better than MRP trees in the consensus setting. The accuracy rate of all methods was similarly affected by the number of taxa, the number of partitions, and the heterogeneity of the data.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences