jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from MYC Overexpression Drives Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma That Is Reversible through Restoration of Proinflammatory Macrophages

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancers evade immune surveillance, which can be reversed through immune-checkpoint therapy in a small subset of cases. Here, we report that the MYC oncogene suppresses innate immune surveillance and drives resistance to immunotherapy. In 33 different human cancers, MYC genomic amplification and overexpression increased immune-checkpoint expression, predicted nonresponsiveness to immune-checkpoint blockade, and was associated with both Th2-like immune profile and reduced CD8 T-cell infiltration. MYC transcriptionally suppressed innate immunity and MHCI-mediated antigen presentation, which in turn impeded T-cell response. Combined, but not individual, blockade of PDL1 and CTLA4 could reverse MYC-driven immune suppression by leading to the recruitment of proinflammatory antigen-presenting macrophages with increased CD40 and MHCII expression. Depletion of macrophages abrogated the antineoplastic effects of PDL1 and CTLA4 blockade in MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, MYC is a predictor of immune-checkpoint responsiveness and a key driver of immune evasion through the suppression of proinflammatory macrophages. The immune evasion induced by MYC in HCC can be overcome by combined PDL1 and CTLA4 blockade.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Macrophage-mediated immune evasion is a therapeutic vulnerability of MYC-driven cancers, which has implications for prioritizing MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma for combination immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Reformation of the Bible: The Bible of the Reformation. By Jaroslav Pelikan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996. xv + 197 pp. $45.00.

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Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence and Nature of Self-Medication of Drugs Among Pregnant Women in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

The phenomenon of self-medication is a significant problem in a developing country due to easy availability of drugs. It is important in pregnancy as these agents may be teratogenic; pregnant women may be exposed to drugs that have serious harmful effects on their fetus. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and nature of self-medication in pregnant women in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. The study was carried out using a self-designed standard structured questionnaire following WHO guidelines from January 2015 to April 2015. In this study, 650 pregnant women were considered as randomly selected sample from women attending for maternity care from one public hospital and five private clinics in Rajshahi City. 79 (12.2%) women use self-medication. The conditions which prompted women to obtain self-medication of drugs were gastric acidity (32.9%), infection (24.1%), cold & fever (21.5%), pain (12.7%), vomiting (8.9%) and disorders related to pregnancy (7.6%). The drugs most commonly used were antacids (27.8%) followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (26.6%), iron (15.2%), vitamins and minerals (12.7%), ayurvedic preparations (5.1%), antiemetic (5.1%) and antibiotics (3.8%) respectively. Most common reasons of self-medication were availability of drugs (42%), prior experience (20.8%), emergency usage (11.2%), knowledge about drugs (10.0%) and advice from traditional healers (8.0%). Moreover, 44.3% of women did not complete the course of antibiotics. Due to the adverse effects of self-medication, particularly during pregnancy, which can lead to teratogenicity or fetotoxicity, it is necessary to take some measures to preventing self-medication in pregnant women.

Topic: Pregnancy and Medication Impact
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Effect of the orbitofrontal area of the cat cerebral cortex on the resistance of the supraoptical nuclei of the hypothalamic region under ftorotan anesthesia].

Acute experiments have shown that as ftorotan anesthesia is enhanced, the supraoptical nucleus of the hypothalamic area deprived of the effect of the orbitofrontal zone of the cerebral cortex gets less resistant to ftorotan than the analogous nucleus experiencing the influence of the cortical zones. The greatest resistance to ftorotan anesthesia was displayed by the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex. In the course of the animals' egress from anesthesia, the bioelectrical activity got recovered in the following way: first in the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex, then in the supraoptical nuclei of the hypothalamic area that retained the influence of the cortex, and, finally, in the supraoptic nuclei deprived of the subordination effect of the cortex.

Topic: Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A microfluidic chip capable of generating and trapping emulsion droplets for digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification analysis

A microfluidic droplet array chip was designed to execute the digital LAMP. This novel device was capable of 1) creating emulsion droplets, 2) sorting them into a trapping array, and 3) executing LAMP for only 40 min. Nucleic acids could be accurately quantified and the limit of detection was only single DNA molecule.

Topic: Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antiendomysial and antitissue transglutaminase antibodies in gluten-induced enteropathy.

Although the gold standard for diagnosis of coeliac disease remains the small bowel biopsy, the broad spectrum and the non-specific nature of many of the clinical manifestations makes biopsy as the initial investigation impossible. So, much effort has been put into the identification of serological screening tests with adequate sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to identify antiendomysial and antitissue-transglutaminase antibodies as serum markers of coeliac disease in a group of patients admitted in the 3rd Medical Clinic, 4th Medical Clinic and 1st Pediatric Clinic as well as in the general population. The study was made on serum samples collected from 64 persons, adults and children with or without documented coeliac disease. Antitissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies were determined by the sandwich ELISA technique, using a commercial kit. Antiendomysium (EMA) antibodies were dosed by indirect immunofluorescence. Twenty-four subjects were positive for IgA anti-tTG and 23 for EMA. We found that IgA anti-tTG were 100% positive in patients with clinical suspicion of coeliac disease, the diagnosis being confirmed by biopsy. All, but two patients on a gluten-free diet had small or zero EMA levels. We also found that serum EMA levels correlated perfectly with the degree of histological alterations. A very good correlation was found between the serum concentrations of the two antibodies studied

Topic: Celiac Disease Research and Management
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enzymes of Aspergillus Oryzae III. The Sequence of Appearance and Some Properties of the Enzymes Liberated During Growth

When a strain of the mould Aspergillus oryzae is grown in surface culture on a protein-free sucrose-tartrate medium, enzymes are released into the culture medium in the following order: first, the carbohydrases sucrase and amylase together with phosphatase, second, the proteases and esterases, and third, catalase. Their liberation is accompanied by the appearance of protein nitrogen in the medium and loss in weight of the mycelium.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
World Water Resources and Regional Vulnerability: Impact of Future Changes

This report is the first presentation of results from the Water Resources Project's current focus on climate change, water resources, and socioeconomic impacts. Not only is the global assessment valuable in itself, but the regional analysis has identified areas of acute vulnerability which require further in-depth study. Future efforts should focus on reducing the spatial (river basins) and temporal (crucial periods within the hydrological year) scales of the analyses, as well as on addressing water-quality issues and socioeconomic/water resource feedback mechanisms. &#13;\n&#13;\nThis study should be of value to water resources analysts and economic development policy makers as well as scholars and researchers in the field. It clearly shows that water vulnerability will be one of the most urgent problems of the coming decades and must be explicitly considered in any analysis of global change or sustainable development.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Obstruktive Schlafapnoe: Klinische Charakteristika und Ressourcennutzung von Patienten in Notaufnahmen

Background: This study investigates the differences between patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in U.S. emergency departments (EDs), focusing on demographics, resource utilization, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Methods: Using data from the 2016-2017 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Emergency Department Subfile (NHAMCS-ED), we analyzed adult ED visits. Patients were classified as having OSA based on documented diagnoses or ICD-10-CM codes. Outcomes included hospital and ICU admission rates, medical resource utilization (e.g., imaging, blood tests), and mortality. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. Results: OSA accounted for approximately 5,985,955 (2.8%) annual ED visits. Compared to non-OSA patients, those with OSA were more likely to be male (adjusted OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14-1.57) and older, with the highest prevalence in the 60-74 age group. OSA patients were more likely to visit for respiratory (16.4% vs. 10.1%) and cardiovascular symptoms (3.5% vs. 2.1%). They required higher levels of care, with elevated hospital (30.3% vs. 13.7%, adjusted OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58). Resource use was significantly higher, including blood tests (75.0% vs. 54.9%, adjusted OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.98) and imaging (73.1% vs. 53.9%, adjusted OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.59).

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Virulence Genes of E. Coli Isolated from Chickens and Their Resistance to Antibiotics

Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from broiler chickens from El-Behera governorate. This study was aimed to detect the incidence of five virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated E.coli. A total of 66 E. coli isolates were isolated from the liver, heart, kidney, and oviduct from broilers suffered from perihepatitis, pericarditis, omphalitis, salpingitis. The isolates were tested for pathogenicity using 5% sheep blood agar and showed 80.3% of the isolates gave alpha hemolysis and 19.7% give beta hemolysis. The isolates were examined for their sensitivity to ten antibiotics. They showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin with a percentage of 53.03%, while Ampicillin and Amoxicillin show a higher resistance with a percentage of 59.09% and 56.06%, respectively. On the other hand, the isolates were moderately sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Cephalexin, Kanamycin and Chloramphenicol with percentage 87.87%, 83.33%, 83.33%, 74.25%, 72.72%, 59.09%, and 57.57%, respectively. PCR was performed using PhoA gene for the detection of E. coli that was detected in 31.81% of isolates. PCR also used for detection of five virulence genes PapC, IutA, FimH, Iss, fyuA gene, which were detected in 42.85%, 9.53%, 47.6%, 57.14%, and 33.33%, respectively. It could be concluded that the most effective antibiotic was Ciprofloxacin and avoid using ampicillin and amoxicillin because of the high resistance of bacteria against those antibiotics. The most prevalent gene was Iss which responsible for serum resistance of bacteria followed by FimH, PapC gene which were responsible for adhesion of bacteria.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF TAEKWONDO-FIGHTERS IN THE SENSITIVE PERIOD

156 ВЫВОДЫ Как показало наше исследование психофизической готовности студентов, суще-ствующая на сегодняшний день обстановка с подготовкой девушек к работе в таможен-ных структурах, не в полной мере отвечает требованиям, необходимым для успешного и профессионального выполнения своих должностных обязанностей. Степень психофизи-ческой готовности девушек – «условно готов» свидетельствует о слабо развитых профес-сионально важных качествах. В процессе профессиональной деятельности компенсируя их недостаток, молодые специалисты будут перегружать другие функциональные систе-мы организма, что приведет к снижению работоспособности, утрате здоровья, возникно-вению патологических заболеваний и как следствие сокращению профессиональной дея-тельности. Сложившаяся тенденция требует немедленного пересмотра организации учебно-тренировочного процесса в вузе по дисциплине «Физическая культура», возника-ет необходимость отбора и поиска новых методик подготовки девушек в вузе, для работы в различных таможенных структурах, с акцентом на формирование профессионально важных психофизических качеств с учетом характера и особенностей труда специали-стов таможенников. ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fuzzy simplicial sets and their application to geometric data analysis

In this article, we expand upon the concepts introduced by David Spivak about the relationship between the category $\mathbf{UM}$ of uber metric spaces and the category $\mathbf{sFuz}$ of fuzzy simplicial sets. We show that fuzzy simplicial sets can be regarded as natural combinatorial generalizations of metric relations. Furthermore, we take inspiration from UMAP to apply the theory to manifold learning, dimension reduction and data visualization, while refining some of their constructions. We generalize the adjunction between $\mathbf{UM}$ and $\mathbf{sFuz}$, derive an explicit description of colimits in $\mathbf{UM}$, and show that $\mathbf{UM}$ can be embedded into $\mathbf{sFuz}$. Furthermore, we prove analogous results for the category of extended-pseudo metric spaces $\mathbf{EPMet}$. We also provide rigorous definitions of functors that make it possible to recursively merge sets of fuzzy simplicial sets and provide a description of the adjunctions between the category of truncated fuzzy simplicial sets and $\mathbf{sFuz}$, which we relate to persistent homology. Combining those constructions, we can show a surprising connection between the well-known dimension reduction methods UMAP and Isomap and derive an alternative algorithm, which we call IsUMap, that combines some of the strengths of both methods. Additionally, we developed a new embedding method that allows to preserve clusters detected in the original metric space that we construct from the data. The visualization of the optimization process gives the user information, both about the inner-cluster distributions in the original metric space and their inter-cluster relations. We compare our new method with UMAP, Isomap and t-SNE on a series of low- and high-dimensional datasets and provide explanations for observed differences and improvements.

Topic: Data Management and Algorithms
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimum circular interpolation for plane curve contours

In NC manufacturing of curve contours, the circular interpolation is widely used. It has not been completely resolved of how to determine the parameters of circular arcs satisfying the desired interpolation accuracy and how to make the arc number minimum, simultaneously. This paper describes a new circular interpolation algorithm for a continuous curve contour. The method is based on the principle of minimax approximation and has two features: 1) the interpolation error is uniform and smooth in any monotone interval of the radius of curvature of profile curve, continuous at the connecting points between two monotone intervals and less than or equal to the specified accuracy value; and 2) the parameters of the circular arcs are determined dependent on the desired interpolation accuracy and the arc number is minimum. The algorithm is simple and convenient to apply to NC contour manufacturing. As an example, the interpolation results for the profile of a plane cam are shown.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bound states in continuum induced by relativity

The nonrelativistic reduction of quasipotential equations in QED and Wick-Cutkosky models is considered. It is shown that if we retain an energy dependence of the potential (i.e., make the nonrelativistic reduction only partially), there may arise discrete levels in the continuum for some large critical values of the coupling constant. The fact that the discrete levels disappear in the exact nonrelativistic limit indicates a possible connection with the abnormal solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Thorough investigation (both analytical and numerical) of the von Neumann--Wigner type potentials is provided.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
STERNUM TUMOR SURGICAL TREATMENT METHOD: A CLINICAL CASE

Relevance: Sarcomas are relatively rare. They make up 1% of all malignant neoplasms in adults, of which about 10-15% appear in the chest wall. Unlike primary tumors, metastatic bone tumors occur 2-4 times more often, while the sternum is affected in 9% of all metastatic bone lesions. A review of the literature and analysis of patients with chest wall tumors showed that surgical treatment might be the best option for primary tumors and some secondary chest wall tumors. Chondrosarcoma (12%) is the most common primary chest bone sarcoma and originates from the anterior segment of the ribs, less often from the sternum, scapula, or clavicle. The purpose was to present the outcome of a sternum sarcoma surgical treatment with a simultaneous reconstruction of an extensive postoperative defect at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (Almaty, Kazakhstan). Methods: The article reviews the literature on the treatment of chest wall tumors and describes a clinical case of a patient with chondrosarcoma of the sternum. After subtotal resection of the sternum 2-3 cm away from the tumor margins, the patient underwent reconstructive plastic surgery. Synthetic material was used to stabilize the chest wall, prevent paradoxical breathing, and replace the defect. Result: No recurrence of the main process was registered after radical removal of the sternum tumor with the simultaneous reconstruction of the defect with synthetic material. Given the prevalence of the tumor, intraoperative suturing of the subclavian vein was performed, which led to vein thrombosis in the postoperative period. Conclusions: The key to successful sternum tumor treatment is early recognition and radical removal with adequate margins. Complete excision with broadly negative microscopic margins at the first operation is paramount since local recurrence increases the risk of systemic metastasis and death. Thus, standard guidelines are required to ensure chest wall sarcomas proper treatment.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficient Synthesis of α-Ketoamides via 2-Acyl-5-aminooxazoles by Reacting Acyl Chlorides and α-Isocyanoacetamides

Acyl chlorides and alpha-isocyanoacetamides undergo an efficient reaction in dichloromethane in the presence of triethylamine to give 2-acyl-5-aminooxazoles. Subsequent acid hydrolysis of the 5-aminooxazole moiety leads to alpha-ketoamides in good overall yields.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Women, Love, and Virtue in the Thought of Edwards and Franklin

Abstract This chapter turns to the intellectual underpinnings of the emerging sentimental ideas about women. It compares the ideas of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin. It also shows ways to connect their theological and philosophical ideas with shifting popular conceptions of women in the mid-eighteenth century. Both Edwards and Franklin found relations between men and women problematic. Edwards never fully resolved the thorny moral and spiritual questions posed by human love. For all Franklin's appreciation of the economic and reproductive aspects of marriage, he made considerably less room for intimate relationships than Edwards. It is suggested that romantic love between men and women symbolized the ambiguous and even threatening element of human interdependence and emotional fusion. While these two intellectuals managed for the most part to avoid this increasingly troublesome issue, it would emerge with full force in the sentimental literature and religious moralizing of the following generation.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PIRT: A Physics-Informed Red Tide Deep Learning Forecast Model Considering Causal-Inferred Predictors Selection

In this paper, a Physics-Informed Red Tide forecast model (PIRT) considering causal-inferred predictors selection is proposed. Specifically, the directed acyclic graph-graph neural network (DAG-GNN) method is first applied to quantify the causality among multiple ocean-atmosphere-biology variables for selecting the most significant predictors of the red tides (or other chlorophyll variations). Then, the encoder-decoder model consisting of an Energy Attention Module (EAM) is built for daily red tide forecasting. The multi-sourced multivariate dataset during 2010-2020 covering the East China Sea serves to train and evaluate PIRT. The experimental results demonstrate that the predictors in the learned causal graph are closely related to the occurrence and decay of red tides, which exhibits high physical interpretability. PIRT has a superior forecasting skill, the predictions of which are with highly consistent spatial patterns especially in extreme events. The 7-lead-day forecast errors for chlorophyll are within 0.9 mg∙m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , which is much better than the other models. This also indicates that PIRT can be used as a reliable tool to study the ecology of the East China Sea.

Topic: Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences