jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Implant Salvage in Patients with Complications After Post-Mastectomy Implant-Based Reconstruction

Background: Implant-based reconstruction (IBR) is the most common method of breast reconstruction, but complications lead to patient distress and delays in cancer treatment. Management of implant complications is varied with no defined guidelines. The inability to salvage IBR is associated with infection, but the impact of antibiotics remains controversial. We aimed to analyze factors affecting salvage rates of threatened IBR requiring operative intervention. The primary outcomes were the rates of unplanned re-operation for threatened IBR for wound closure, exchange, or explant. We hypothesized antibiotic administration would improve salvage rates. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing mastectomy with IBR from 2012 to 2023 was performed. Threatened IBR was defined as implant exposure, infection, skin necrosis, hematoma, seroma, or wound dehiscence without implant exposure. Management options for patients with implant infection included implant removal and antibiotic treatment, antibiotic treatment alone, implant replacement, washout and implant replacement, or implant removal without a salvage attempt. Results: In total, 6901 patients underwent post-mastectomy IBR, and 184 (2.7%) patients had an unplanned re-operation. A total of 166/184 patients (90.2%) underwent explantation, and 18/184 (9.8%) patients had implant salvage. Between the explant and salvage groups, there were no differences in patient demographics, oncologic treatments, or operative characteristics. The explant group had a higher rate of infection (77.7% vs. 22.2%, p &lt; 0.0001). There was no difference in culture positivity or antibiotic administration history. Conclusions: Implant salvage is feasible but limited by infection. Antibiotic administration does not improve salvage rates. Patient factors, oncologic treatment factors, or operative factors do not impact the ability to salvage.

Topic: Breast Implant and Reconstruction
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Staphylococcal aconitase expression during iron deficiency is controlled by an sRNA-driven feedforward loop and moonlighting activity

Abstract Pathogenic bacteria employ complex systems to cope with metal ion shortage conditions and propagate in the host. IsrR is a regulatory RNA (sRNA) whose activity is decisive for optimum Staphylococcus aureus fitness upon iron starvation and for full virulence. IsrR down-regulates several genes encoding iron-containing enzymes to spare iron for essential processes. Here, we report that IsrR regulates the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by controlling aconitase (CitB), an iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzyme, and its transcriptional regulator, CcpE. This IsrR-dependent dual-regulatory mechanism provides an RNA-driven feedforward loop, underscoring the tight control required to prevent aconitase expression. Beyond its canonical enzymatic role, aconitase becomes an RNA-binding protein with regulatory activity in iron-deprived conditions, a feature that is conserved in S. aureus. Aconitase not only negatively regulates its own expression, but also impacts the enzymes involved in both its substrate supply and product utilization. This moonlighting activity concurrently upregulates pyruvate carboxylase expression, allowing it to compensate for the TCA cycle deficiency associated with iron scarcity. These results highlight the cascade of complex posttranscriptional regulations controlling S. aureus central metabolism in response to iron deficiency.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Structural Insights of WBmDapE and Deciphering of Potent Anti-filarial Inhibitors: A State-of-Art Computational Approach

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) stands as a debilitating tropical ailment, impacting a considerable global populace. Existing drug therapies for LF exhibit limited effectiveness across all parasite stages, thereby accentuating the imperative for novel anti-filarial medications characterized by enhanced prognostic attributes and minimized adverse reactions. A promising avenue involves targeting the microbial enzyme WBmDapE, pivotal in worm survival and intricately linked to the lysine biosynthetic pathway and peptidoglycan cell wall construction. This investigation employs in silico methodologies encompassing molecular docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS), conformational analysis, Shape-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS), ADMETox, MMGBSA, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to discern potential inhibitors of WBmDapE. Through discerning the conformational shifts of the WBmDapE-bound substrate and product, key amino acids implicated in substrate binding (Arg182 and Asp248) are unveiled. While the apo and substrate-bound structures exhibit an open conformation, the product-bound structure displays marked conformational alterations, including shifts within the catalytic domain and the cofactor in the dimerization domain, suggestive of an active and closed conformation. From the prism of shape-based virtual screening, two preeminent compounds (ZINC42784280 and ZINC84308049) have surfaced as potential hits. These compounds evince heightened binding affinity, optimal binding free energy, pivotal hydrogen bond interactions, and akin attributes to the product-bound complex. Subsequently, these compounds emerge as prospective candidates for filariasis treatment. In summation, our study furnishes invaluable insights into the fabrication of innovative WBmDapE inhibitors, potentially serving as anti-filarial agents. Rigorous experimental substantiation and fine-tuning of these compounds are requisite for prospective therapeutic interventions against LF.

Topic: Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Incidence, Seasonality and Comorbidity in Vestibular Neuritis (P6.283)

OBJECTIVE: Aims of the present study were: 1) to assess the incidence of VN in the adult population in two cities in Croatia, 2) to identify distribution of new VN cases in the different months and seasons by years, and 3) to identify comorbidities associated with VN.
BACKGROUND: An annual incidence of vestibular neuritis approximating 3.5 cases per 100,000 persons was previously reported, but further literature on the subject is lacking. As well, the association of vestibular vertigo with strong stroke risk factors suggest a different etiology in selected (older) populations.
DESIGN/METHODS: This is a prospective, population-based study conducted in the cities of Zagreb and Velika Gorica, Croatia in the 2011-2012 period. All diagnoses were confirmed either with caloric test or vestibular evoked myogenic potentials within 7 days of symptom onset. Following clinical parameters were collected from all patients: age, gender, side of the lesion, month and season of symptoms onset and comorbidities.
RESULTS: We identified 79 new cases of VN (34 in 2011, 45 in 2012). The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. The mean age at the onset of the disease was 52.3 (range 20-86) years. The average annual incidence was 11.7 per 100,000 (95% CI 7,8 - 15,6) in the 2011 period and 15.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 11,0 - 20,0) in the 2012 period. For both years there was no statistically significant uneven distribution in the different months or seasons by years. The most frequent comorbidities present in VN patients were hypertension (30.4%), diabetes mellitus (8.9%), hyperlipidemia (7.5%) and hypothyreosis (6.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown higher incidence of VN than previously reported. We have found no evidence of seasonality of VN and significant proportion of VN patients older than 50 years who had vascular risk factors present. Disclosure: Dr. Adamec has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krbot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Habek has nothing to disclose.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Analysis of T lymphocytic clones in diseases by spectrotyping of T cell beta variable region - review].

T cells recognize antigens through TCRs (T cell receptor). T cell clones can be sorted into 24 gene subfamilies based on the usage of the segments of TCR BV in gene rearrangement. Application of the various segments of TCR BV may establish TCR BV spectrotyping that can be used to analyze and recognize the different functional T cell clones, and understand the function and proliferation of various T cell clones in malignancy and autoimmune disease. In vitro expansion of a great deal of the specific antitumor T cells and transfusing them to patients will be able to develop a new method for tumor immunotherapy. Through analyze the character of the TCR BV gene, McAb against TCR or DNA vaccine to inhibit the growth of T cell clones associated-autoimmune disease and tumors might be developed. The McAb and vaccine may be used to cure these diseases. The commo T cells can also be modifed to specific antitumor T cells by method of TCR gene transfer. In this review, the characteristics of TCR, analysis method for gene spectrotyping of TCR BV, segments of TCR BV and autoimmue distase, T cell clones in hematologic maligrancies, recognition of T cell oligoclone expansion of T cells, and application of TCR BV gene spectrotyping in bone marrow transplantation were discussed and summarised.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Renewable Energy Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil: A Case Study of Biofuels and Solar Energy

This study aims to calculate indicators and indexes to subsidize the analysis of vulnerability and adaptation of the renewable energy sector to climate change in Brazil, focusing on biofuels and solar energy. For biofuels, in general, the Brazilian coast will be a propitious area for agricultural productivity during the XXI century, but these are areas historically intended for occupation and development of the urbanization process, that is, with limited land availability and supply for primary production. In some parts of the Northeast, Midwest and South of the country, offer for the cultivation land will be reduced. For the solar energy is observed that Brazil has area and highly expressive power for the use of this power, both today and in the coming decades, especially in the North, Northeast and Midwest. In statistical terms, the Mann-Kendal test and Sen’s Bend point to a very weak tendency to useful radiation indicator in all regions of Brazil by 2100. In addition, it is projected a significant increase in mean air temperature by the end of XXI century across the country that can mean a reduction in power conversion capability, which is sensitive to ambient temperature variations, especially in the Midwest and North of the country.

Topic: Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in the Eastern Mediterranean

about iuCnIUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.IUCN's work focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance of its use, and deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and development.IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world, and brings governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice.IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO Members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries.IUCN's work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world.www.iucn.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Conception of Law in Traditional China

It has been argued that during the Western Zhou, Chinese monarchs adopted a multicentric governance model (Wu 2013, pp.137–57). The successive Spring and Autumn Period was a time marked by a collapse of rites and corruption of norms (礼崩乐坏), while the Warring States Period by great chaos of competing to be the hegemon. Both periods were characterized by a disruption of sociopolitical order en masse – a disruption so unsettling that Chinese history moved again toward the concentration of power and a unipolar model of political governance. Qinshi Huangdi, the emperor of Qin, unified China, ended its disunity, and created a highly centralized structure of political power. Lord Shang, a well-known minister in the unified Qin Empire, once suggested that “[o]nly when a sage rules the country will he strive for singleness of purpose.” The means to achieve this goal is by the law, with its guideline being a draconian legal system that is founded on strict reward and punishment. This effective control serves the purpose of building a sense of authority among the people. In the eyes of a legalist in ancient China, inasmuch as the monarch monopolizes power and uses it as an instrument for state governance, this can easily achieve its effectiveness. As Guanzi argued, “[m]ajesty cannot be wielded by two persons; government cannot have two gates. When a ruler uses laws to govern his country, he need only put them in place and that is all.” This practice of subjugating the law to political power has one archetype – Li Kui’s The Canon of Law (法经).

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Canard-body-tail missile test at angles of attack to 50 deg in the Ames 11-foot transonic wind tunnel

Blunted ogive cylinder missile models with a length-to-diameter ratio of 10.4 were tested at transonic speeds and large angles of attack in an 11 foot transonic wind tunnel. The configurations are: body, body with tail panels, body with canards, and body with canards and tails. Forces and moments from the entire model and each of the eight fins were measured over the pitch range of 20 deg to 50 deg, and roll angles of 0 deg to 45 deg and canard deflection angles between 0 deg and 15 deg. The Reynolds number ranged from 3.9 x 10 to the 6th power per meter. Large side forces and yawing moments were observed for some of the test cases involving a symmetric geometry.

Topic: Aerospace and Aviation Technology
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aldosterone and ADH response to heat and dehydration in cattle

The effect of heat (35 degrees C) and dehydration under heat (30 h) on plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone was studied on four nonpregnant dry Holstein cows. Heat exposure caused a rapid significant rise in plasma ADH without significant changes in hematocrit (Hct), small but significant increase in urine output and a significant reduction in total plasma protein. Dehydration under heat caused a sharp increase in ADH levels associated with a significant decrease in urine output and a significant increase in plasma protein, blood Hct, and serum osmolality. A significant reduction in plasma aldosterone level was observed after 24 h of heat exposure. This was associated with a slight rise in urinary sodium excretion and a significant reduction in serum sodium. Both serum and urinary potassium concentrations were significantly lower under heat. Dehydration resulted in a slow rise in aldosterone but did not reach thermoneutral level. This is probably due to the inhibitory effect of higher serum sodium observed during dehydration on plasma aldosterone secretion. The rise in ADH and decrease in aldosterone during heat exposure may explain why cattle are one of the few species that do not concentrate urine during heat exposure.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characteristics of Cardioembolic Stroke Patient in Neurologic Ward Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide after heart disease. About80% stroke cases are ischemic stroke. One of 4 people with ischemic stroke had cardioembolicstroke. Ninety percent of cardiac emboli obstruct cerebral blood vessels and causedneurological deficit. Cardioembolic stroke may be due to abnormalities in cardiac walls,rhythm, valve, or function. Stroke patients with cardiac abnormalities have poor prognosis. Thisretrospective descriptive study was done in May-June 2017. We collected 103 medical recordsof stroke patients from Department of Neurology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital duringJanuary 2015- March 2016. Data regarding sex, age, education level, economic status, andcardiac abnormalities were recorded. Majority of subjects were female (53.4%). The mostfrequent age group was 45-65 years old (49.51%). Most subjects had low educational level(76.7%) and low economic status (77.67%). Among subjects, 41.75% had cardiac rhythmabnormalities, 29.13% had cardiac wall abnormalities, 14.56% had cardiac valveabnormalities, and 14.56% had cardiac function abnormalities. The most common cause ofcardioembolic stroke was atrial fibrillation.Keywords: cardioembolic stroke epidemiology, patient characteristics, cardiac disease

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Collection of Particles on Cold Surfaces: A Review

Particles in gas always have a tendency to move upward and be collected on cold surfaces. This behavior, which has resulted from the interaction of several mechanisms, including Brownian diffusion, inertial impaction, interception, thermophoresis, and diffusiophoresis, is complex. These mechanisms have been previously investigated profoundly. However, a systematic summary is scarce, and inconsistent statements and misunderstandings about these mechanisms have been observed in previous works. To understand the behavior of particle collection on cold surfaces well, the status of these mechanisms has been reviewed, and a mechanism coordinator chart has been established in this paper. Meanwhile, the discrimination of diffusiophoresis in different fields has been analyzed. The research status of the behavior of particle collection on cold surfaces in three types of scenarios has been introduced. Finally, future research directions concerning this topic have been suggested.

Topic: Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two-level and multilevel methods for Stokes-Darcy problem discretized by nonconforming elements on nonmatching meshes

In this paper, two lower order nonconforming finite element methods are presented for the Stokes- Darcy problem on nonmatching meshes; the optimal error estimates are derived; and a two-level algorithm is also proposed for decoupling the coupled model by a coarse level approximation to the interface coupling conditions. Moreover, we generalize the two-level algorithm to a multilevel algorithm, which solves a coupled problem only on a very coarse mesh and then solves decoupled subproblems on all the subsequently refined meshes. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of these algorithms.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mendicants as victims: scale, scope and the idiom of violence

This article establishes the scale of violence perpetrated against mendicant friars in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, and provides a list of these events in an on-line appendix. It underscores and analyses the wide variety of contexts in which such incidents took place and examines the ramifications for the history of the mendicant orders and medieval urban society generally. Violence was a subtler form of communicative action than is sometimes recognised, and the paper points to the inverse relationship between power and violence in medieval urban conflicts.<br/><br/>

Topic: Medieval and Early Modern Justice
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Re-evaluating the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis during initiation of DNA sliding by Type III restriction enzymes

DNA cleavage by the Type III restriction enzymes requires long-range protein communication between recognition sites facilitated by thermally-driven 1D diffusion. This âDNA slidingâ is initiated by hydrolysis of multiple ATPs catalysed by a helicase-like domain. Two distinct ATPase phases were observed using short oligoduplex substrates; the rapid consumption of â¼10 ATPs coupled to a protein conformation switch followed by a slower phase, the duration of which was dictated by the rate of dissociation from the recognition site. Here, we show that the second ATPase phase is both variable and only observable when DNA ends are proximal to the recognition site. On DNA with sites more distant from the ends, a single ATPase phase coupled to the conformation switch was observed and subsequent site dissociation required little or no further ATP hydrolysis. The overall DNA dissociation kinetics (encompassing site release, DNA sliding and escape via a DNA end) were not influenced by the second phase. Although the data simplifies the ATP hydrolysis scheme for Type III restriction enzymes, questions remain as to why multiple ATPs are hydrolysed to prepare for DNA sliding.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD FIR-BEAT #180483.1

FIR laser interferometer measures the line averaged electron density and the electron density profile. Laser source: CH3OH laser (119um, 100mW) Michelson & Heterodyne interferometer (beat freq. 1 MHz). Time resolution: 10us.

Topic: Full-Duplex Wireless Communications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
3-Hydroxypyridinone Derivatives as Metal-Sequestering Agents for Therapeutic Use

Although iron is one of the most important metal ions for living organisms, it becomes toxic when in excess or misplaced. This review presents a glance at representative examples of hydroxypyridinone-based chelators, which have been recently developed as potential clinically useful drugs for metal overload diseases, mostly associated with excess of iron but also other hard metal-ions. It also includes a detailed discussion on the factors assisting chelator design strategy toward fulfillment of the most relevant biochemical properties of hydroxypyridinone chelators, highlighting structure-activity relationships and a variety of potential clinical applications, beyond chelatotherapy. This study appears as a response to the growing interest on metal chelation therapy and opens new perspectives of possible applications in future medicine.

Topic: Trace Elements in Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences