jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Iron isotopes in the early marine diagenetic iron cycle

Measurements of Fe oxyhydroxides [reactive Fe(III)] in two shallow sediment profiles from reducing and oxic environments on the Arabian Sea margin demonstrate Fe isotope fractionation during early marine diagenesis. Reactive Fe(III) has δ56Fe values between -0.77‰ and -0.19‰. Values are lowest at the top of the sediment profile and considerably lower than bulk sediment Fe (δ56Fe ≈ 0‰). Preferential reduction and dissolution of light Fe isotopes during diagenesis leaves behind an increasingly smaller and heavier reactive Fe(III) residual. Initially, the isotopic composition of reactive Fe(III) evolves down-core according to the fractionation factor typical of microbial dissimilatory Fe reduction. Deeper in the profile, δ56Fe values remain unchanged despite further Fe reduction. Here, another process with a different fractionation factor becomes dominant, probably reduction by dissolved sulfide. The δ56Fe of the residual reactive Fe(III) suggests that ∼25% of the initially present reactive Fe(III) was reduced by microbial Fe reduction. When Fe is diagenetically recycled between reducing sediments at depth and an oxic top layer, the process, depending on recycling efficiency, may result in the accumulation of light Fe in the top layer while the complementary heavier residual is buried. Fe diffusing from the seafloor back into the ocean should reflect the low-δ56Fe diagenetic source of dissolved Fe.

Topic: Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Translucency and Complexity

Purpose: A single-subject alternating treatment design was used to (a) evaluate the influence of translucency (i.e., the guessability of the symbol when the referent is known) and complexity (i.e., the number of lines or strokes that compose the symbol) on Blissymbol acquisition and (b) compare the effectiveness of computer-based instruction (CBI) and traditional teacher-based instruction (TBI) on students' accuracy in identifying Blissymbols. Method: Three students with communication disorders were taught to identify 40 Blissymbols using the two instructional formats. Results: Findings revealed that high translucency Blissymbols were learned significantly faster than low translucency Blissymbols for all participants. High complexity assisted learning when translucency was high, but hindered learning when translucency was low. These results were evident in both interventions. Clinical Implications: Both interventions were found to be effective instructional methods for teaching Blissymbols.

Topic: Language Development and Disorders
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of an electronic mentoring scale for the investigation of the effects of the internet on mentoring practices

Past mentoring research has positioned mentoring as a face-to-face phenomenon. New developments in the Internet, online relationships, and online learning are questioning this position. The Internet is defined as advances in software, computer interconnectivity, and computer networking allowing for computer-mediated-communication and the creation of computer social networks. The Internet is thus an external force that has the potential to provide a strong influence on mentoring by transferring the mentor-protege face-to-face communication process to a computer-mediated-communication model. While measurement instruments exist that capture face-to-face mentoring outcomes, none exist that assesses the influence of the Internet on mentoring. The current study addressed this deficit by developing a measure to assess the effects of the Internet on mentoring practices. 
Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in this inquiry to understand the Internet experience on mentoring and develop the electronic mentoring scale. The qualitative study employed a sample of 59 Executive masters of Business Administration (EMBA) students to develop a pool of items tapping the conceptual domain of the influence of the Internet on mentoring. This list of items formed the basis for the electronic mentoring scale. The quantitative analysis utilized measurement scale development procedures assessing content adequacy of the developed measure. A total sample of 151 college students participated in the content adequacy assessment. Triangulating the scale development for electronic mentoring using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies increased the robustness of the resultant electronic mentoring scale. 
As the mentoring literature revealed, mentoring affords great benefits to the mentor, the protege, and the organization. Using the Internet as the primary communication tool, the goal of the electronic mentoring model is to continue to reap the benefits of mentoring through the Internet. However, as illustrated through the literature review, there are no empirical studies comparing face-to-face mentoring and electronic mentoring. This study is expected to contribute to the literature in two ways: (1) by providing a means of assessing electronic mentoring so that it may eventually be compared to traditional mentoring, and (2) by providing the foundational support to further empirical research of electronic mentoring.

Topic: Mentoring and Academic Development
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis of Lamellar\nStructural Flower-like SAPO-11\nMolecular Sieves with Hierarchical Pores for Enhanced Selectivity\nof Isomeric Alkanes in Hydroisomerization

A novel SAPO-11 molecular sieve with a lamellar structure\nand flower-like\nmorphology was synthesized using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium\nbromide (CTAB) as the surfactant and KF as the mineralizer. Meanwhile,\nthe effect of various CTAB additions on the structure and properties\nof SAPO-11 molecular sieves was also investigated. A number of characterization\nanalyses’ findings reveal that, compared with conventional\nspherical SAPO-11 molecular sieves, flower-like SAPO-11 molecular\nsieves have the following advantages: (1) Flower-like SAPO-11 molecular\nsieves have open pores and larger mesopores, with suitable distribution\nof mesopores. (2) The prepared flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieves\nhave a lower total acid value but have a higher proportion of Brønsted\nacid sites, with suitable acidity. (3) The flower-like NiW/SAPO-11\ncatalysts have better dispersion of WS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; slabs and higher\nbalance and proximity between metal sites and acid sites. The synthesized\nflower-like NiW/SAPO-11 showed significant isomerization performance\nand low cracking selectivity during the isomerization of &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexadecane. When the conversion rate of &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexadecane\nreached 77.0%, the yield of &lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;-hexadecane was 59.4%.

Topic: Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on wall vegetation in Kavrepalanchowk district, Nepal

An attempt was made to document the occurrence of herbs, shrubs and trees on the man made habitats like protection and retention, walls in Kavrepalanchowk district of Nepal. Present study resulted in collecting 108 species of plants belonging to 82 genera under 32 families, Majority of them being angiosperinous dicotyledon and monocotyledon plant. Petridophytes are minimum and gymnosperms are absent. Herbaceous species dominate in frequency, density and species diversity. Trees are much stunted in growth whereas herbs and shrubs are in normal growth condition.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Climate development and its effect on the North Sea environment during the Late Holocene

In this study, the climate development of the Late Holocene as well as effects on the environment within the North Sea region were investigated in the two main accumulation areas of the North Sea: the Helgoland mud area (German Bight) and the Skagerrak. Sediment cores from either area served to reconstruct the Late-Holocene development within the North Sea area. The methods used included analyses on grain-size distribution, stable isotopes and foraminifera. In the geological past primarily natural components were forcing climate change. As one of the most important natural processes affecting the marine environment of the southern North Sea the storm-flood activity is considered. Albeit, the disintegration of the island of Helgoland seems to play a key role in the earlier depositional history. From measured sea-surface temperature and salinity (SSS) data we were able to evaluate and calibrate a stable oxygen isotope (d18O) record of a sediment core from the Helgoland mud area. The analyses reveal a dependence of the d18O signal on SSS, a parameter which is mainly driven by the Elbe discharge. Since the d18O series is covering the previous 800 years, a reconstruction of the parameters salinity and discharge further back in time became possible as well. An increased freshwater input via the Elbe River is a consequence of relatively higher precipitation rates in the Elbe catchment area. The variation of precipitation in Central Europe is thus also mirrored in the Helgoland isotope data. The onshore precipitation pattern also appears to be displayed in the sediments of the Skagerrak. There, relatively cool climatic periods are characterized by high productivity, which may have resulted from pronounced precipitation supplying nutrients via the main rivers of Northern and Central Europe into this area. To investigate this coherence, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes were analyzed in addition to benthic and planktonic foraminifera data.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE PULP ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF AWASSI EWES AND THEIR LAMBS UNDER SUBTROPICAL CONDITIONS

In order to use olive pulp as alternate source for cheap energy in the new reclaimed lands in Egypt, two experiments were carried out.In the 1 st experiment, 18 pregnant Awassi ewes (at 6-8 weeks before the expected date of parturition) were divided into three equal groups.The 1 st group (control) was fed on concentrate feed mixture, soybean meal and rice straw.The 2 nd and 3 rd groups received 20% and 40% of their TDN requirements (control diet) as olive pulp (OP).In the 2 nd experiment, 12 lambs were divided randomly into two equal groups of 6 each.The 1 st group (control) was fed on concentrate feed mixture, soybean meal and rice straw, while group 2 received 25% of TDN requirements as OP.The obtained results could be summarized as follows:In experiment 1, there were no significant effects on birth weight and body weight (at 1 st and 2 nd months) of Awassi lambs due to feeding their mothers on OP up to 40% of their nutrient requirements.However, lambs body weight (BW) at the 3 rd month, weaning weight (WW), daily weight gain (DWG) and daily milk yield during suckling period were reduced significantly in ewes fed 40% olive pulp whereas changes in these traits when OP was given at level of 20% were not significant.Milk intake per lamb was significantly correlated with total weight gain, DWG and WW.In experiment 2, DWG and feed efficiency and adrenal, liver and kidney functions as well as serum total protein, albumin and globulin did not change significantly by feeding the growing lambs 25% OP of their TDN requirements.However, blood total lipids and cholesterol increased significantly (P<0.05) by 15 and 23%, respectively in growing lambs fed 25% OP than the control group.It could be concluded that olive pulp could be used efficiently up to 20% of the recommended requirements for growing, pregnant and lactating sheep without any adverse effects on their health, productivity or reproductivity.

Topic: African Botany and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
<scp>Computed tomography</scp> ‐guided radiofrequency ablation of cervical intervertebral discs for the treatment of refractory cervicogenic headache: A retrospective chart review

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of cervical intervertebral discs for the treatment of discogenic cervicogenic headache (CEH). Background Some patients with CEH experience no obvious therapeutic effect after conventional therapy, particularly patients with refractory CEH originating from abnormal cervical intervertebral discs. Treatment for this type of CEH remains poorly characterized. Methods Using a single intervention arm, pretest/posttest design, we retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent CT‐guided RFA of cervical intervertebral discs for CEH at the Pain Medicine Center of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2017 to April 2021. If conservative treatment failed in patients with discogenic CEH, we classified the patients as having refractory CEH and performed RFA of cervical intervertebral discs. We used a numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity for 6 months. We also compared therapeutic outcome of patients with different characteristics. Results A total of 44 patients who underwent CT‐guided RFA of cervical intervertebral discs were enrolled and 41 of them were analyzed in the present study. The preoperative median (25th, 75th) NRS score was 4 (4, 5), and it was significantly reduced to 1 (0, 4) 6 months after RFA ( p &lt; 0.001). The number of patients with ≥50% of their pain relieved after 6 months was 28 of 41 (68%). No serious treatment‐related complications occurred in this study. Compared with single‐level RFA, multi‐level RFA shows greater effects on pain intensity reduction ( p = 0.032) and pain relief rate ( p = 0.047) of patients. Conclusion In patients who have discogenic CEH, CT‐guided RFA of the cervical intervertebral discs appears to be a promising treatment with no serious complications.

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Weak $(1-ε)$-nets for polynomial superlevel sets

We prove that for any Borel probability measure $μ$ on $\mathbb R^n$ there exists a set $X\subset \mathbb R^n$ of $n+1$ points such that any $n$-variate quadratic polynomial $P$ that is nonnegative on $X$ (i.e. $P(x)\geq 0$, for every $x \in X$) satisfies $μ\{P\geq 0\}\geq \frac{2}{(n+1)(n+2)}$. We also prove that given an absolutely continuous probability measure $μ$ on $\mathbb R^n$ and $D\leq 2k$, for every $δ&gt;0$ there exists a set $X\subset \mathbb R^n$ with $|X|\leq \binom{n+2k}{n}-n-1$ such that any $n$-variate polynomial $P$ of degree $D$ that is nonnegative on $X$ satisfies $μ\{P\geq 0\}\geq \frac{1}{\binom{n+2k}{n}+1} - δ$. These statements are analogues of the celebrated centerpoint theorem, which corresponds to the case of linear polynomials. Our results follow from new estimates on the Carathéodory numbers of real Veronese varieties, or alternatively, from bounds on the nonnegative symmetric rank of real symmetric tensors.

Topic: Tensor decomposition and applications
Subfield: Computational Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Study on the outcome of surgical management of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in the geriatric population by various modalities

Background: Unstable hip fractures in elderly patients a unique challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Most of the cases are to be managed by surgical intervention. The problems of old age include the presence of osteoporosis, pre-existing arthritis, the overall health of the patient. We in the present study tried to evaluate the functional outcome of surgical management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures by various methods and study the effectiveness and complications of the operative management of unstable fractures. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthopedics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur, Karimnagar. All patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures with age > 65 years who are treated by the surgical intervention were included in the study. All the patients were operated in Spinal anesthesia and The standard surgical procedures were followed for different modalities like DHS, PFN, Enders Nail’s and cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty was done. Results: Out of n=50 patients n=28(56%) were female and n=22(44%) were males. The average duration of hospital stay was 14 days, with a range of 10-25 days. The mean blood loss in cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty was 300 ml, PFN 100 ml, DHS was 250ml, and Ender’s Nail was 50ml. In our study of Bipolar hemiarthroplasty out of n=9 patients n=3 (33.34%) had excellent, n=5(55.56%) good outcome, n=1(11.12%) had fair outcomes respectively. Out of n=9 patients of PFN n=4 (44.44 %) of excellent, good n=4(44.44%), fair n=1 (11.12%) patient and no poor results. Out of n=25 patients of DHS n=20 (80%) patients are excellent to good results, n=3(12%) patient had fair and n=2 (8%) patients had poor results. Out of 7 patients of Ender’s nails n=2(28.573) had excellent and n=3(42.85%) had good and n=1(14.28%) fair, n=1(14.28) had poor results. Conclusion: Intertrochanteric Fractures in the geriatric population are a unique challenge it requires early operative management which will reduce both mortality and morbidity. Early mobilization following operative treatment will reduce the risks associated with prolonged bed rest in geriatric patients. Since failure rate is still high in unstable intertrochanteric fractures selection of proper implants is important for the ultimate success of the treatment

Topic: Hip and Femur Fractures
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The MacDonald Plan

MacDonald finally presented the British Draft Convention, or MacDonald Plan as it became known, to the Disarmament Conference, on 16 March 1933. In introducing the Plan, MacDonald spoke for 1 hour 20 minutes in what Cadogan called his 'Geneva' style;1 certainly both his mental and physical powers were failing and his speeches were usually rambling affairs. A. L. Kennedy notes in his diary that, during his speech, MacDonald 'had a mental fadeout', during which 'the room had seemed to recede from him, & when he came-to he found himself still speaking'.2 However, in spite of these difficulties, the speech 'went down all right'.3 He began by expressing a hope that this intervention by the British delegation 'would cause no inconvenience to the Conference', but rather that it would speed up the Conference's business and 'facilitate its finish'.4 He believed that he spoke for the majority of delegates when he said that the Conference should now 'enter upon the last phase of its deliberations'. He asked: Had any conference ever held in the history of Europe been confronted with greater or more complicated issues, with issues which raised more sharply the questions of the life and the death of great States, at a time of the most critical importance, when men could almost hear the fabric of civilisation creaking about their ears?

Topic: World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Capillary facilitation of skeletal muscle function in health and disease

Skeletal muscle is highly vascularized, with perfusion being tightly regulated to meet wide-ranging metabolic demands. For decades, the capillary supply has been explored mainly in terms of evaluating the capillary numbers and their function in the supply of oxygen and substrates and the removal of metabolic byproducts. This review will focus on recent discoveries concerning the role played by capillaries in facilitating other aspects of cell regulation and maintenance, in health and disease, as well as alterations during the aging process. Novelty Capillaries play a central role in the coordination of the vascular response that controls blood flow during contraction and the cellular responses to which they feed into. Nitric oxide is an important regulatory compound within the cardiovascular system, and a significant contributor to skeletal muscle capillary angiogenesis and vasodilatory response to agonists. The microvascular network between muscle fibres may play a critical role in the distribution of signalling factors necessary for optimal muscle satellite cell function.

Topic: High Altitude and Hypoxia
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Particular Problem Areas

Abstract Although the recovery scheme operates in a straightforward manner in relation to the great majority of claims for damages for personal injury, there are several areas where particular difficulties exist and special rules have been made. The main examples concern the payment of damages not in one lump sum but by two or more installments.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Parasites of Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Arid Regions of Mexico

Abstract Ninety-eight Mexican free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, collected from 4 locations in Mexico between November 1996 and June 1998, were examined for metazoan parasites. Twenty-one parasitic taxa belonging to 3 phyla (Plathyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Arthropoda) were recovered including 5 helminth taxa (3 digenean, 1 cestode, and 1 nematode) and 16 arthropod taxa (12 mite, 2 tick, and 2 insect). The digenean Ochoterenatrema labda was the most prevalent and abundant helminth in collections from the states of Puebla, Zacatecas, and Durango. Urotrema scabridum and Dicrocoelium rileyi reached the highest values of prevalence and mean abundance of infection in Nuevo León state. Among arthropod taxa recovered, Chiroptonyssus robustipes was the most prevalent and abundant parasite in all 4 localities, and its nymphal stage was the most abundant form recovered. In total, 10 new host and 43 locality records are presented.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences