jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Protecting Databases from Schema Disclosure - A CRUD-Based Protection Model

Database schemas, in many organizations, are considered one of the critical assets to be protected. From database schemas, it is not only possible to infer the information being collected but also the way organizations manage their businesses and/or activities. One of the ways to disclose database schemas is through the Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) expressions. In fact, their use can follow strict security rules or be unregulated by malicious users. In the first case, users are required to master database schemas. This can be critical when applications that access the database directly, which we call database interface applications (DIA), are developed by third party organizations via outsourcing. In the second case, users can disclose partially or totally database schemas following malicious algorithms based on CRUD expressions. To overcome this vulnerability, we propose a new technique where CRUD expressions cannot be directly manipulated by DIAs any more. Whenever a DIA starts-up, the associated database server generates a random codified token for each CRUD expression and sends it to the DIA that the database servers can use to execute the correspondent CRUD expression. In order to validate our proposal, we present a conceptual architectural model and a proof of concept.

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Inner interreligious dialogue in global Christianity – a consideration of case studies from Korea and Southern Africa

This article discusses the issue of plurality in world Christianity. Considering two contemporary contexts, South Korea and Southern Africa, this article claims that the interreligious pluralities as evidenced in much of contemporary Christianity are tobe understood in continuity with some of the foundational experiences of the early church, especially in the city of Antioch. This plurality, which can also be described as hybridity, acquires intercultural theological significance when understood as inner interreligious dialogue. This is further described as a mostly subconscious process by which contemporary Christians continue to engage with their pre-Christian traditions. From a phenomenological point of view this process is demonstrable in Christian history. Theologically speaking it has the potential to debunk myths of Christian ‘purity’ and to expose fundamentalists’ assertions of their own ‘orthodoxy’ astantamount to wishful thinking. Finally, this article makes the case that this process of inner interreligious dialogue, when brought to the surface may positively enhance the quality of real outward dialogue with representatives of other faiths or systems of belief and value.

Topic: Christian Theology and Mission
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Species‐area relationships of lemurs in a fragmented landscape in Madagascar

Abstract We used species‐area relationships (SARs) to investigate the effects of habitat loss on lemur biogeography. We measured species richness via visual surveys on line transects within 42 fragments of dry deciduous forest at the Ambanjabe field site in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar. We measured human disturbance and habitat characteristics within 38 of the 42 fragments. We measured the distance between each fragment and the nearest settlement, continuous forest, and nearest neighboring fragment. We fit 10 candidate SAR models to the data using nonlinear least squares regression and compared them using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). To determine how habitat characteristics, as well as area, influenced species richness, we ran a hierarchical partitioning procedure to select which variables to include in generalized additive models (GAMs) and compared them using AIC. Contrary to expectations, we found that lemurs form convex SARs, without a “small island effect”, and with the power model being the most likely SAR model. Although we found that four variables (area, survey effort, and total human disturbance, and mean tree height) independently contributed greater than 10% of the variation in lemur species richness, only area was included in the most likely model. We suggest that the power model was the most likely SAR model and our inability to detect a “small island effect” are the result of Microcebus spp. being edge tolerant and capable of dispersing through matrix, scale issues in the study design, and low γ‐diversity in the landscape. However, more study is needed to determine what role human disturbance plays in influencing species richness in lemurs.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Micro-lending in the Philippines : the case for a pilot project

This Precis entitled, Micro-lending in the Philippines : the case for a pilot project, complements the Bank's Operations and Evaluation Department (OED), Performance audit report, Philippines : Cottage enterprise finance project, Report No. 15834, dated July 24, 1996. New approaches to micro-lending should be tested through pilot projects before being introduced on a large scale. According the audit the project was unsuccessful, but it did provide valuable lessons for the rapidly growing practice of micro-lending in developing countries.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Restricted total least squares solutions for hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral image processing is a pixel-by-pixel approach to the detection and localization of features by spectral analysis techniques. Usually, partial knowledge about the feature, noise, and clutter spectra are provided, and the problem is to 'unmix' each pixel, or to estimate the relative concentrations of the reference spectra on a per pixel basis. A popular method of linear spectral unmixing for hyperspectral imagery is linear least squares. Linear least square approaches are appropriate when observational errors predominate and are inappropriate when significant modeling errors are present. The least square approach has some disadvantages, especially in cases with few, poorly known references or significant reference variation throughout an image. In this article, the restricted total least squares (RTLS) approach is presented and evaluated on experimental data. Although the proposed RTLS require more calculations than linear least squares, its relative error performance is much better.

Topic: Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genome-based reclassification of Williamsia marianensis as a later heterotypic synonym of Williamsia muralis

The present study used whole-genome data to clarify the taxonomic assignment of two closely related Williamsia species. Genomic information for 10 type strains was available at the time of conducting this analysis. One group of type strains was found to be conspecific, namely Williamsia muralis Kämpfer et al . 1999 and Williamsia marianensis Pathom-aree et al . 2006. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 99 % similarity between these type strains. Whole-genome-based comparisons showed that Williamsia muralis DSM 44343 T and Williamsia marianensis DSM 44944 T shared 98.07 % average nucleotide identity, 98.29 % average amino acid identity and 84.80 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization values. These values exceeded the threshold values for bacterial species delineation. Further, phylogenomic analysis based on the core genomes of the strains under study confirmed that Williamsia muralis DSM 44343 T and Williamsia marianensis DSM 44944 T formed a monophyletic clade. Based on this evidence, we propose the reclassification of Williamsia marianensis Pathom-aree et al . 2006 as a later heterotypic synonym of Williamsia muralis Kämpfer et al . 1999.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluating interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder in low and middle income countries

This article provides a framework for evaluating randomised controlled efficacy trials for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, in low and middle income countries, applied to Narrative Exposure Therapy. A list of methodological and conceptual indicators to evaluate trial data was develope

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Equity within business to business relationships

Within business to business relationships it is not uncommon for some of the parties to be perceived as exercising power over others. A question that therefore needs to be addressed is why some parties appear to be willing to accept subservient roles. This paper will consider the possibility that an apparently subservient role may be acceptable to a party for two reasons. First, the party may not perceive their situation as being inequitable. Second, the party may believe that, at least in the short-term, there is no realistic alternative other than to accept a subservient role.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PARTICIPATION AND SIBSHIP SIZE IN A SKILL‐DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: A RESEARCH NOTE

Abstract The behavior of interest in this study was participation or non‐participation in a non‐school skill‐development program carried out in Ottawa, Ontario, for children living in a rent‐to‐income housing complex. Participant and non‐participant children differed sharply only in sibship size; the larger the sibship from which a child came the greater the probability that he or she would participate. The basis for this relationship seems to have been a strong tendency for the probability of a child's participating to increase whenever a brother or sister in the same family participated.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Risk factors for QTc Interval Prolongation in the Ambulatory Setting

Purpose: Prolongation of the QT interval through acquired characteristics or congenital abnormalities can lead to Torsades de Pointes (TdP), a life-threatening arrhythmia. A number of clinical characteristics and medications have an association with acquired QT prolongation, with some having a higher risk than others. The objective of our study was to identify patients seen by University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) providers at risk for QT interval prolongation and to describe the most common QT-prolonging clinical characteristics and medications in this patient population.\nMethods: A retrospective analysis for those aged 18 to 99 years seen by UNTHSC providers between July 1st through October 1st, 2018 was conducted. Records were obtained for: diagnoses, laboratory values, vitals, most recent medication list, and presence of completed electrocardiogram (EKG). Clinical characteristics were filtered for those with high quality evidence for clinical association with increased QT interval. Medications were classified, based on published evidence of prolonging the QT interval via CredibleMeds.com, as: ‘Known Risk of TdP’, ‘Possible Risk of TdP’, and ‘Conditional Risk of TdP’. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.\nResults: A total of 11,759 patients were identified for inclusion. Patients were mostly female and White with 15% of patients identifying themselves as Hispanic or Latino. The median age was 60 years, and 40% were at least 65 years of age. The median BMI was 29.44 kg/m2. Twenty-one patients had a calcium level below 8.5 mg/dL; with 28 having a potassium level below 3.5 mmol/L. Twenty-five patients had an eGFR (if African American) below 30 mL/min/1.73m2, and 35 patients had an eGFR (if non-African American) below 30 mL/min/1.73m2. A total of 1,359 patients had a documented EKG. The five most commonly prescribed medications in the ‘Known Risk of TdP’ category were escitalopram, donepezil, citalopram, ondansetron, and fluconazole.\nConclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of reviewing both medications, some of which only pose a risk under certain conditions, and clinical characteristics. Future studies can aid providers in more easily identifying patients at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
La politique de défense du Canada et ses prioritéés stratégiques

Severe criticisms since 1945 have been directed against Canadian defense policies. These criticisms are addressed both to the choice of strategic priorities and allocation of resources. This article has two main objectives: to underline the dilemmas of policy-making in defense, and to demonstrate the necessity for developing a new procedure for defining priorities. The article proposes a model of theoretical analysis and applies it to the strategic variables which are most influential in determining contemporary Canadian defense policy. The analysis reveals the weaknesses and deficiences of the present decisional system. Procedures which would promote coherent policies, and the creation of a security council, are recommended as means to the development of a realistic defense policy.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A World of Distinctions: Pehr Löfling and the Meaning of Difference

Pehr Lofling (1729–56) was a Swedish botanist who studied with Carl Linnaeus in Uppsala and worked in Spain and South America. In the course of his short life he had to navigate a remarkable sequence of new social, cultural and intellectual contexts that confronted him with the challenges of diversity. Meanwhile, as a Linnaean naturalist, making distinctions and producing difference became his preeminent task. Using the example of Pehr Lofling, this chapter explores the many ways in which Linnaeans encountered and defined racial, ethnic/national, biological, social, linguistic, religious and intellectual dimensions of otherness. In January 1729, the wife of a bookkeeper at the Tolvfors ironworks in northern Sweden gave birth to a son. Barbro Strandman came from a family of clergymen, so it is not surprising that she and her husband Erik Lofling planned for their boy, Pehr, to train for the priesthood when he came of age. The chances were that if he had done so, he would have been able to live out his life in relative comfort as a minister of some rural Swedish parish. But this was not to be. Instead, Pehr Lofling became a botanist in the service of the king of Spain, travelled to the province of New Andalusia in what is today Venezuela, and died at 27 years of age from a tropical fever. At that time he was the leading naturalist in a major expedition tasked with settling a long-standing border dispute between Spanish and Portuguese colonies. Lofling was one of the so-called “apostles” of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus, a group of 17 or 18 young men who travelled beyond Europe between 1746 and 1799 in order to collect and describe plants, animals and other specimens of natural history. These travels engendered many encounters with “the other” in different contexts around the world, and like few other Swedes at the time the students of Linnaeus were confronted with their own notions of identity and belonging in a multitude of ways. As a group, they were also responsible for a significant share of original Swedish printed travel accounts of non-European regions in the latter half of the 18th century.

Topic: Historical and Literary Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Occupational diseases in South African mines--a neglected epidemic?

A major difficulty in assessing incidence and prevalence of occupational diseases among the workforce employed on South African mines is the lack of epidemiological data. Published and unpublished data were collated and analysed for the period 1915-1988 in order to provide insights into occupational disease trends. Using proxies for incidence rates, it was demonstrated that the rates of silicosis and tuberculosis were likely to be high. In the case of silicosis among black miners, disease was contracted in a relatively short period on average. The stabilisation of the black workforce on the mines, which started in 1975 and continues, is an important factor likely to lead to an increase in occupational disease rates. Recommendations for improved data reporting and research are made, in particular the need to identify occupational groups at high risk and the calculation of prevalences.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Challenges for the Future of the Structural Funds

The EU's budget is small. In 2007, it amounted to €126.5 billion. This was equivalent to 1.08 per cent of EU GNI — or 15 per cent less than the British government spent on the National Health Service alone. Despite its small size, the EU budget remains the source of bitter arguments among the member states. Many argue that its structure looks increasingly out of date with the challenges facing the EU, such as climate change. Some 45 per cent of the EU budget is still consumed by spending on agriculture and rural development. Another reason why the EU budget excites strong passions is the scale of disparities in member states' net contributions. Unsurprisingly, net contributors have tended to agitate for change, while countries which are large beneficiaries of disbursements under the CAP or cohesion policy have tried to resist reform. This chapter focuses on the achievement and relevance of cohesion policy. It questions whether we need a cohesion policy and if so which changes cohesion policy should undergo in order to be up to date with the new challenging of an enlarged Europe in a global economy. The chapter argues that irrespective of a higher or lower allocation of budget to cohesion policy, the policy can still be effective if priorities and funding system among member states and regions are revised.

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Slipping Around

Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 2.0 mil truncated conical, 2.3 mil truncated conical, 2.8 mil truncated conical, 3.3 mil truncated conical. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: V1136 Catalog number: 216 Other IDs from the record include: (V1136)

Topic: Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Zionism, Israel, and the Middle East

Abstract This chapter examines the contradictory definition of “Jewish” in the legal and political systems in Great Britain. It explains the ethnicity-based definition of Jewish in the legal system and the faith-based definition in the political system. It suggests that both definitions are not completely correct and accurate and highlights the need for subgroups to be defined, for practical and for functional reasons.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genetic analysis of dauer formation in Caenorhabditis briggsae.

Molecular changes that underlie evolutionary changes in behavior and physiology are not well understood. Dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans is a temperature-sensitive process controlled through a network of signaling pathways associated with sensory neurons and is potentially an excellent system in which to investigate molecular changes in neuronal function during evolution. To begin to investigate the evolution of dauer formation in the genus Caenorhabditis at the molecular level, we isolated dauer-formation mutations in C. briggsae, a species closely related to the model organism C. elegans. We identified mutations in orthologs of C. elegans genes daf-2 (insulin receptor), daf-3 (Smad), and daf-4 (TGF-beta type 2 receptor), as well as genes required for formation of sensory cilia. Phenotypic analyses revealed that functions of these genes are conserved between C. elegans and C. briggsae. Analysis of C. briggsae mutations also revealed a significant difference between the two species in their responses to high temperatures (>26 degrees). C. elegans is strongly induced to form dauers at temperatures above 26 degrees, near the upper limit for growth of C. elegans. In contrast, C. briggsae, which is capable of growth at higher temperatures than C. elegans, lacks this response. PMID: 17660533

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How to adjust vertical turbine pumps for maximum efficiency

The average performance indicates that about 30% of the energy used for irrigation could be saved if all pumping plants operated at the Nebraska Performance Criteria. There are many causes for poor pumping plant performance. Major causes were poor power unit performance, and poor pump performance often caused by improper pump adjustment. This circular discusses proper pump adjustment to attain maximum efficiency. Both semi-open and enclosed types of turbine pumps used in irrigation can benefit from proper impeller adjustment provided enough wear has occurred to allow water to leak past the pump seals and be recirculated within the pump bowl, and that there is enough seal area remaining in the bowl to reestablish a seal by lowering the impellers.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Practical Limits of Detection with Ion Exchange Resin-Loaded Papers

Analyses for Co, Zn, and Pb on mixed bed and SA-2 cation exchange resin-loaded paper disks in amounts approaching the theoretical limits of detection were attempted. Based on the results, the definition of limit of detection which requires a line intensity above background equal to three times the square root of the background, using a 10-min count, was modified to the line intensity above background equal to three times the standard deviation of the background counted for 10 min on a series of blank disks. Chemical precleaning of the disks and corrections for paper density were shown to be advantageous for work close to the limit of detection by lowering the background count and reducing the weight-corrected standard deviation.

Topic: Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptive approaches to relieving broadcast storms in a wireless multihop mobile ad hoc network

In a multihop mobile ad hoc network, broadcasting is an elementary operation to support many applications. Previously, it is shown that naively broadcasting by flooding may cause serious redundancy, contention, and collision in the network, which we refer to as the broadcast storm problem. Several threshold-based schemes are shown to perform better than flooding in that work. However, how to choose thresholds also poses a dilemma between reachability and efficiency under different host densities. In this paper, we propose several adaptive schemes, which can dynamically adjust thresholds based on local connectivity information. Simulation results show that these adaptive schemes can offer better reachability as well as efficiency as compared to the previous results.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences