jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deep Defects Seen on Visual Fields Spatially Correspond Well to Loss of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Seen on Circumpapillary OCT Scans

Although studies relating local structural (OCT) and functional (VF) measures typically show poor to moderate correlations, there is good qualitative agreement between the location of deep cpRNFL loss and deep defects on VFs.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
E02470: Coptic acknowledgement of debt addressed to monks of the monastery of Apa *Phoibammon (soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080), most likely the one on the mountain of Jeme (Upper Egypt), datable to the beginning of the 7th century.

BKU 1 78<br><br>In this acknowledgement of a debt, addressed to monks of the monastery of Apa Phoibammon, most likely the monastery of the healing saint on the mountain of Jeme, a man named Pataph from Patoubasten, in the Theban area, acknowledges his debt of one gold solidus to the brethren of the monastery of Apa Phoibammon.<br><br>Lines 3–7 read as follows:<br><br>ⲉⲓⲥϩⲁ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲡⲁ ⲫⲟⲓⲃⲁⲙⲱⲛ ⲉⲓⲭⲣⲉⲱⲥⲧⲉⲓ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲟⲗⲟⲕ(ⲟⲧⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ) ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲛ <br>ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲣⲉⲓⲁ<br><br>'… I am writing to my brethren of the monastery (topos) of Apa Phoibammon. I am owing you a gold solidus, which you have given us for our needs. …'<br><br>(Text: W. E. Crum, trans. G. Schenke)<br><br>

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bumpy Road or Fast Lane? Central European countries, ERA and the Lisbon-Barcelona strategy

The reintegration into the political and economic systems of Europe – that is, accession to the European Union – has posed a complex, tremendous challenge for Central European countries (CECs) since the beginning of the 1990s. First, the demanding and socially rather costly process of political and economic transition had to be completed. Not only macroeconomic stabilisation was required, but fundamental organisational and institutional changes were also needed to transform these countries into stable, middle-income economies, capable of catching up with the more advanced ones in the longer run. These sweeping changes were reflected in the ownership, production, employment and trade structures in CECs in the 1990s, albeit at a different speed, and taking country-specific routes. These economies, in practice, had already been integrated into the EU markets in various ways – via foreign trade links, by joining international production networks, as well as by ownership links – to a large extent, even before becoming member states.In the meantime, accession negotiations had been completed by the end of 2002, and all CECs – among the ten new member states – joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Harmonisation of the written rules has been a formidable task, indeed. Yet, adapting and adjusting the institutions, values and behavioural rules, remains a colossal task well after the formal entry into the EU. In other words, the real challenge is not just to achieve formal membership, but cohesion with the advanced, core member states of the EU. Having completed the first round of transition, CECs have again reached a cross-roads: the world economy, as well as the EU itself, have significantly changed during this historically short period of time. Moreover, the EU is going to be reshaped not just because of the global, structural changes, but as the result of the very process of enlargement as well.CECs now have to consider what role to play in the globalising learning economy: do they passively accept the fate of a merely surviving economy, relying on extended and extensive EU assistance? Or, by implementing a sound and well-articulated strategy, do CECs intend to be prosperous countries in 20-25 years? In that future their citizens would enjoy high living standards, good health and a clean environment, and to sustain that, companies would become strong competitors, and thanks to that, CECs would become net contributors to the EU budget, supporting the cohesion of the even larger EU and its co-operation with neighbouring countries.The paper, based on interviews with high-ranking policy-makers in 4 CECs, as well as on background documents and the relevant literature, reviews the current challenges and options for decision-makers in CECs.

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nivolumab in NSCLC: latest evidence and clinical potential

New insight on the interaction between the immune system and tumor has identified the programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand pathway to be a key player in evading host immune response. The immune checkpoint modulator, nivolumab (BMS-936558/ONO-4538), is the first PD-1 inhibitor to gain regulatory approval, for the treatment of patients with unresectable melanoma. This review will discuss results from early phase studies of nivolumab in solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as studies of nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy, other immune modulators and molecular targeted therapy in patients with NSCLC.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of Glucocorticoids on Glucagon Secretion and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Man

Plasma concentrations of glucagon, insulin, glucose, and individual plasma amino acids were measured in normal nonobese and obese subjects before and after 3 days of dexamethasone treatment (2 mg/day) and in patients with Cushing's syndrome. The subjects were studied in the basal postabsorptive state and following the infusion of alanine (0.15 g/kg) or ingestion of a protein meal. In nonobese subjects dexamethasone treatment resulted in a 55% increment in basal glucagon levels and in a 60-100% increase in the maximal glucagon response to alanine infusion or protein ingestion. In obese subjects, basal glucagon rose by 110% following dexamethasone, while the response to alanine increased fourfold. In patients with Cushing's syndrome basal glucagon levels were 100% higher and the glucagon response to alanine infusion was 170% greater than in normal controls.Dexamethasone treatment in normal subjects resulted in a 40% rise in plasma alanine concentration which was directly proportional to the rise in basal glucagon. The remaining 14 amino acids were unchanged. In the patients with Cushing's syndrome alanine levels were 40% higher than in normal controls and were directly proportional to basal glucagon concentrations. No other plasma amino acids were significantly altered in the group with Cushing's syndrome. It is concluded that (a) glucocorticoids increase plasma glucagon concentration in the basal state and in response to protein ingestion or aminogenic stimulation; (b) this effect of glucocorticoids occurs in the face of obesity and persists in chronic hypercorticism; (c) hyperalaninemia is a characteristic of acute and chronic glucocorticoid excess, and may in turn contribute to steroid-induced hyperglucagonemia; and (d) increased alpha cell secretion may be a contributory factor in the gluconeogenic and diabetogenic effects of glucocorticoids.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Usefulness of specific anti‐desmoglein 1 and 3 enzyme‐linked immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence in the evaluation of pemphigus activity

Abstract Objective The objective was to assess the relationship between enzyme‐linked immunoassay ( ELISA ) values of desmoglein ( D sg) 1 and D sg3 antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence ( IIF ) values of anti‐epithelial antibodies with disease activity in patients with pemphigus. Patients and methods In a retrospective study, we analyzed 353 serum samples taken from 35 patients with pemphigus vulgaris ( PV ) and nine with pemphigus foliaceus ( PF ) during the course of the disease. In each sample, we measured anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐ D sg3 antibodies by ELISA . A receiver operating characteristics ( ROC ) curve was calculated to determine a cutoff value for anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐ D sg3 antibodies with optimal sensitivity and specificity. In 263 samples, we compared the ROC curves of anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐ D sg3 antibodies with the ROC curves of the IIF results. Results Activity of pemphigus was associated with a wide range of anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐Dsg3 antibody values. Levels of anti‐ D sg1 antibodies showed a better relationship with cutaneous activity of pemphigus than levels of IIF anti‐epithelial antibodies. The levels of IIF anti‐epithelial antibodies showed a relationship with activity of mucosas similar to the levels of anti‐ D sg3 antibodies. Discussion Abnormal values of anti‐ D sg antibodies are not always associated with disease activity. ELISA detects both pathogenic and nonpathogenic anti‐ D sg antibodies. Conclusions Therapeutic strategies should not be based exclusively on anti‐ D sg antibody values. Anti‐ D sg1 antibodies showed a closer relationship with skin activity than IIF , while anti‐ D sg3 antibodies showed a relationship with mucosal activity similar to the IIF test.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluating Small Airways Disease in Asthma and COPD using the Forced Oscillation Technique and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Obstructive lung disease, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by heterogeneous ventilation. Unfortunately, the underlying structure-function relationships and the relationships between measurements of heterogeneity and patient quality-of-life in obstructive lung disease are not well understood. Hyperpolarized noble gas MRI is used to visualize and quantify ventilation distribution and the forced oscillation technique (FOT) applies a multi-frequency pressure oscillation at the mouth to measure respiratory impedance to airflow (including resistance and reactance). My objective was to use FOT, ventilation MRI and computational airway tree modeling to better understand ventilation heterogeneity in asthma and COPD. FOT-measured respiratory system impedance was correlated with MRI ventilation heterogeneity and both were related to quality-of-life in asthma and COPD. FOT-measurements and model-predictions of reactance and small-airways resistance were correlated in asthma and COPD respectively. This study is the first to demonstrate the relationships between FOT-measured impedance, MRI ventilation heterogeneity, and patient quality-of-life.

Topic: Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surgical treatment of metastasis to the thyroid gland: a single center experience and literature review.

NTM are uncommon, and their prognosis is generally poor and depends on the characteristics of the primary tumor. Nevertheless, in selected cases, surgical treatment of NTM should be considered. HIPPOKRATIA 2018, 22(3): 137-140.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thioridazine treatment modifies the evolution of<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>infection in mice

Thioridazine, a tricyclic drug, is known to have a direct effect on Trypanosoma cruzi, disrupting the parasites' mitochondria and kinetoplasts. In the present study, the drug was used orally, at 80 mg/kg.day for 3 days, to treat mice inoculated with low numbers of T. cruzi. The drug caused no apparent toxicity in the host. It cleared trypomastigotes from the bloodstream, prevented the histological and functional alterations of the heart normally observed in the chronic phase of the experimental disease, and greatly reduced the mortality rate compared with that in untreated, infected controls. When checked 135 days post-infection, the density of cardiac beta receptors and the cardiac histology of the treated mice were indistinguishable from those of uninfected, untreated controls. The drug is already used to treat humans, as a neuroleptic drug. It appears to be able to prevent acute infection with T. cruzi evolving into chronic disease, at least in mice, and may be a useful base from which to design new agents for the treatment of Chagas disease.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The detoxification pathways of electrophilic intermediate compounds].

A brief description is given of the chemical characteristics on which depend the particular reactivity of electrophilic substances that makes them bind via a covalent bond with nucleophilic sites of cellular macromolecules. The electrophilic intermediates that are of greatest importance for chemical carcinogenesis are examined. The metabolic routes of detoxification are discussed. The main route is the oxidative route, which uses the enzyme epoxide hydrolase. Another route consists of conjugation of intermediate electrophiles with glutathione reduced via a glutathione-S-transferase or spontaneously. The conjugated glutathione compounds are then further biotransformed and eliminated via the urine as mercapturic acids. In the case of styrene the author's experience with exposed workers showed that about 6-8% of inhaled styrene is eliminated in the form of mercapturic acids. For acrylonitrile the route of conjugation with reduced glutathione is the main detoxification route. A study by the author on rats showed that for concentrations up to 15 mg/kg body weight 73% of acrylonitrile administered intraperitoneally is eliminated as cyanoethylmercapturic acid, derived from the direct conjugation of acrylonitrile with glutathione. Detoxification of the radical species occurs via cellular constituents, such as reduced glutathione, and via enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, GSH peroxidase, catalase. These enzymes protect the liver from the action of free radicals that are produced during oxidative metabolism of ethanol. The differences in metabolic routes of detoxification among species as causes of hypersusceptibility to develop cancer are discussed. In the case of 1,3-butadiene the greater susceptibility of the mouse to develop tumours compared with the rat is due to the fact that the mouse is capable of oxidizing butadiene to epoxybutene more rapidly, has a more rapid saturation of epoxyhydrolase and a faster consumption of non proteic sulphidrylic groups, so that epoxybutene, because it cannot be metabolized, tends to bind with the cellular macromolecules thus producing damaging effects. Also in the case of methylene chloride, the greater susceptibility of the mouse to develop tumours compared with the rat seems to be connected with a greater production of S-chloromethyl-GSH in the mouse, although no specific oncogenic action has yet been demonstrated for this reactive intermediate.

Topic: Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Comparison of Two in Vitro Immunologic Tests for Pregnancy

Journal Article A Comparison of Two in Vitro Immunologic Tests for Pregnancy Get access Barbara Coon, M.T. (ASCP), Barbara Coon, M.T. (ASCP) 1Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harvey Mendelow, M.D., Harvey Mendelow, M.D. 1Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harry Dalton, Ph.D. Harry Dalton, Ph.D. 1Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 42, Issue 2_ts, August 1964, Pages 215–217, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/42.2_ts.215 Published: 01 August 1964 Article history Received: 10 January 1964 Accepted: 21 April 1964 Published: 01 August 1964

Topic: Pregnancy and Medication Impact
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How big data alters value creation: through the lens of big data competency

Purpose As various different and even contradictory concepts are proposed to depict a firm's capabilities related to big data, and extant relevant research is fragmented and scattered in several disciplines, there is currently a lack of holistic and comprehensive understanding of how big data alters value creation by facilitating firm capabilities. To narrow this gap, this study aims to synthesize current knowledge on the firm capabilities and transformation of value creation facilitated by big data. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt an inductive and rigorous approach to conduct a systematic review of 185 works, following the “Grounded Theory Literature-Review Method”. Findings The authors introduce and develop the concept of big data competency, present an inductive framework to open the black box of big data competency following the logic of virtual value chain, provide a structure of big data competency that consists of two dimensions, namely, big data capitalization and big data exploitation, and further explain the evolution of value creation structure from value chain to value network by connecting the attributes of big data competency (i.e. connectivity and complementarity) with the transformation of value creation (i.e. optimizing and pioneering). Originality/value The big data competency, an inclusive concept of firm capabilities to deal with big data, is proposed. Based on this concept, the authors highlight the significant contributions that extant research has made toward our understanding of how big data alters value creation by facilitating firm capabilities. Besides, the authors provide a future research agenda that academics can rely on to study the strategic management of big data.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Boosting Resilience Attentional Bias in Previously Bullied University Students with Low Post-Traumatic Growth: A tDCS Study

Background/Objectives: Post traumatic growth (PTG) has the potential to draw positive consequences from trauma. Hence, the interest of finding ways to promote PTG. Research has identified an attentional bias towards positive resilience-related words (e.g., &amp;ldquo;persistence&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;purpose&amp;rdquo;) in university students who report high PTG after experiencing adversities. Although people can respond to these experiences by showing low PTG, this bias seems to help with their struggle by making purposeful contents more accessible. Therefore, boosting attentional bias towards positive resilience-related words could help people with low PTG. Methods: In this study, the participants were thirty-six university students who had experienced bullying before entering university. Using a Stroop emotional task, they identified the color of resilience and neutral words, either positive or negative, before and after being submitted to transcranial direct current stimulation. Stimulation was targeted at the right temporal area involved in intentionality processing. Results: In the anodal condition, the results support a stimulation effect on the resilience attentional bias that could benefit participants with low PTG. A significant moderation of approach motivation for this effect was also found. Specifically, only when participants had medium or high approach motivation, did stimulation boost the attentional bias in students with low PTG. Conclusions: These results support that tDCS stimulation in this brain area is effective in enhancing resilience attentional bias in low PTG students. However, for this effect to occur it is necessary to have approach motivation, which is motivation related to goals.

Topic: Resilience and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Activities of the Rostov-On-Don Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor in the XXI&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Century (on the occasion of the 90&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; anniversary of the Institute)

The aim of the work was to perform a brief overview of the data on the development, the main tasks of the Federal State Institution of Health “Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and its contribution to ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population of the Russian Federation. The review is based on the analysis of the reports on research work, archive materials and literature sources. Currently, priority and promising areas of research at the Institute are: epidemiological monitoring of cholera pathogens and natural-focal infections with an assessment of epidemiological risks and threats based on advanced methods of detection and identification of agents; development of measures aimed at preventing the spread of infections; epizootiological survey of natural foci of particularly dangerous infections; development of predictive modeling risk assessment systems, new techniques and approaches to improve laboratory diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance; development of sequencing; modernization of monitoring, including using molecular biological methods, and control of infectious diseases using geo-information technologies; transition to genomic epidemiological surveillance; improvement of unified online databases, creation of technologically independent, unified software platforms for bioinformatic analysis of the results of genome-wide sequencing; research of genetic markers of antibiotic resistance, as well as immunopathogenetic aspects of the course of particularly dangerous and other infections; ensuring interaction with all interested services and agencies in organizing and conducting events within the framework of sanitary protection of the territory. Relying on the vast experience of predecessors and stateof-the-art knowledge, the Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor actively takes part in solving topical issues to scientifically and practically support the provision of sanitary-epidemiological well-being and biological safety of the population of the Russian Federation.

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of 15 Specialty Pepper Cultivars In Southwest Michigan

All entries evaluated proved to have commercial potential in their category for production in Southwest Michigan. Pepper types with sufficient entries were subjected to statistical analysis for entries within that type. Significant statistical differences were found for the traits evaluated with lunchbox-types showing the largest differences while jalapeno entries showed the least.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Airy Notes: An Experiment of Microclimate Monitoring in Shinjuku Gyoen Garden

This paper demonstrates Airy Notes system, which monitors environmental condition using tiny sensor modules and shows the characteristics of places intuitively on a map and on a cell phone. The system is designed to help the user's easy understanding of the effect of green by densely placed sensor nodes. We conducted the experiment of the system in Shinjuku Gyoen Garden with 160 sensors. The garden is known for its effect of keeping temperature of nearby area calm with its green. We monitored the distribution of temperature, and observed that the temperature of the inner place was lower than the edge of the garden.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences