jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor-Resistant TEM β-Lactamases: Revision of the TEM-41 Sequence

We have recently found that one of the β-lactamases reported in the paper by Stapleton et al. on incidence and mechanisms of resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in Escherichia coli (1) was misidentified. Redetermination of the DNA sequence of the TEM gene from strain 51864, in both the French and British laboratories, has revealed that the nucleotides corresponding to the amino acid at position 244 are AGC. Thus, the amino acid at this position is serine rather than threonine and the enzyme is TEM-30 and not TEM-41.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sonoluminescing Gas Bubbles

We draw attention to the fact that the popular but unproven hypothesis of shock-driven sonoluminescence is incompatible with the reported synchronicity of the single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) phenomenon. Moreover, it is not a necessary requirement, since we show that the sub-shock dynamic heating in gas bubble cavitation can lead to conditions required to generate intense 100ps light pulses. To wit we study the dynamics of the interior of a cavitating gas bubble subject to conditions suitable for sonoluminescence. We explore quantitatively the transfer of energy from the sound wave to the bubble interior, the frequency of atomic collisions in the bubble, the limits of quasi-stability of the non-linear bubble oscillations driven by an acoustical field, and obtain the implied reaction time scales.

Topic: Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Finite-time consensus control of multi-agent systems for vessel steering with unmeasurable velocity and input saturation

The finite-time consensus problem of multi-agent system with Nomoto dynamics is considered in this paper. Based on the unmeasurable velocity and input saturation, a novel finite-time protocol is proposed with a second-order sliding mode observer. With the aid of both homogeneous systems theory and finite-time Lyapunov stability theorem, this paper demonstrates multiple vessels can achieve consensus under the given protocol within finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the protocol is illustrated by numerical simulations.

Topic: Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Innovative Research on the Design of Exhibition Space Empowered by Digital Media Technology

This paper aims to deeply analyze how digital technology can bring innovative changes to exhibition design and its key role in cultural communication. Through literature review, case analysis and field research, this paper analyzes the current application status of digital technology in exhibition design, proposes strategies for digital technology to empower exhibition design from the perspectives of technology integration, user experience optimization, and display form, and looks forward to future development trends.

Topic: Museums and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of computational methods for high-dimensional item factor analysis. Submitted for publication. www.statmodel.com

In this article we conduct a simulation study to compare several methods for estimating confirmatory and exploratory item factor analysis using the software programs Mplus and IRTPRO. When the number of factors is bigger than three or four the standard numerical integration methodology used for computing the maximum-likelihood estimates is intractable due to the exponentially large number of integration points needed to compute the likelihood. Several methods have been developed recently to overcome these computational problems however they have not been directly compared previously. In this paper we present a simulation study to compare maximum likelihood estimation based on Montecarlo integration, maximum likelihood estimation based on Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro algorithm, maximum likelihood estimation based on two-tier integration, Bayesian estimation and the weighted least square estimation. 1

Topic: Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A revised chronology for the growth and demise of Loch Lomond Readvance (‘Younger Dryas’) ice lobes in the Lochaber area, Scotland

We present a revised varve chronology for the duration of ice-dammed lakes that formed in the Lochaber district, Scotland, during the Loch Lomond ('Younger Dryas') Stadial. We analysed new varved sequences and combined them with existing varve records to develop the Lochaber Master Varve Chronology 2019 (LMVC19), published here for the first time. It spans an interval of 518 ± 18 vyrs and is considered more secure than its predecessors because: (i) it is anchored by a more robust record of the Vedde Ash, which is dated to 12,043 ± 43 cal yr BP; and (ii) it provides revised estimates of the timings of key regional palaeoclimatic shifts that are fully compatible with those inferred from independently-dated, non-varved records obtained from neighbouring sites. The new results indicate that the Lochaber ice-dammed lakes existed between ∼12,135 and 11,618 ± 61 cal yr BP, but the pattern of glacier advance that led to lake formation was more complex than previously assumed, with some ice fronts reaching their maximal positions 300 years before others. Initiation of ice retreat at ∼11,800 cal yr BP appears to have coincided with a rise of ∼2 °C in mean July temperatures inferred from chironomid data obtained from the Abernethy Forest site in the eastern Highlands. This local climatic shift is thought to have been a delayed response (by up to 335 years) to a mid-Stadial northward migration of the North Atlantic Polar Front, the delay probably due to the influence of the SW Highland icefield. Subsequent retreat that led to the formation of ice stagnation features throughout large parts of the area was initiated by a further rise in summer air temperature of ∼3 °C at the start of the Early Holocene. Final drainage of the lake system occurred ∼190 years after the initiation of ice retreat, while it took a further 200 years for the ice to vacate the Rannoch plateau, a nearby upland glacial source.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic on perceived cardiorespiratory fitness in athlete patients

Abstract Introduction Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as one of the most potent prognostic factors in medicine, is followed longitudinally to guide clinical management. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic‐related changes in lifestyle stand to influence CRF. Objective To assess the influence of the pandemic on perceived CRF in athlete patients and evaluate how perceived CRF change was related to demographics, pre‐pandemic measured CRF, and current physical activity (PA). Design Prospective cohort study, utilizing electronic survey. Setting Tertiary care sports cardiology clinical practice. Participants Adult athlete patients without COVID‐19 with pre‐pandemic measured CRF using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Perceived change in CRF since pandemic onset; association between perceived CRF change and demographics, PA, health status, and pre‐pandemic measured CRF assessed via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Among 62 participants (male: 71%, 50.1 ± 12.1 years old), 40% (25/62) reported no change and 32% (20/62) reported an increase in perceived CRF since pandemic onset. Among the 27% (17/62) who reported a decrease in perceived CRF, in most (12/17), this was characterized as only mild. Demographics and pre‐pandemic measured CRF did not differ across groups of perceived CRF change. Participants with a moderate or greater decrease in perceived CRF regarded their overall health (via Euro Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale) as worse than other groups (ANOVA, p = .001). Although total PA was similar across groups, those who had improvement in perceived CRF reported higher levels of moderate intensity PA (ANOVA, p = .008). Conclusions The majority of participants perceived that they had maintained or improved CRF over the pandemic. Findings from this study suggest that a reduction in perceived CRF from pre‐pandemic values in athletic patients in clinical practice may not result from population‐wide pandemic changes in lifestyle. Worse health status and lower levels of moderate intensity PA were associated with perceived reduction in CRF over the pandemic in athlete patients.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Descriptive approaches to landscape analysis

Descriptive landscape analyses include various procedures used to document visual/scenic resources. Historic and regional examples of landscape description represent desirable insight for contemporary professional inventory work. Routed and areal landscape inventories are discussed as basic tools. From them, qualitative and quantitative evaluations can be developed although certain landscape attributes are omitted. Aesthetic evaluations and visual impact predictions for environmental impact studies can originate from landscape analyses. Scope and implications of needed research in visual landscape studies are discussed. Finally, landscape planning goals and landscape design policies are outlined as visual quality controls. The professional role of landscape architects and environmental planners is stressed in the paper.

Topic: Urban Green Space and Health
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Obesity, diabetes and pneumonia: the menacing interface of non‐communicable and infectious diseases

Abstract Objectives To review current knowledge on the epidemiological, clinical and biological impact of the pandemic of obesity and diabetes on pneumonias. Methods We conducted a literature review using P ub M ed and EMBASE , supplemented by various sources. Given the disparate and fragmented nature of the literature, a formal systematic review was not possible. Results In 2008, globally 10% of men and 14% of women were obese and an estimated 371 million had diabetes; half undiagnosed and many obese. Numbers are rising rapidly in low‐ and middle‐income countries where the majority reside, but reliable data are lacking. The most frequent pneumonias in obesity and diabetes are tuberculosis, influenza and pneumococcal, staphylococcal and opportunistic pathogens. Diabetes impacts tuberculosis control and increases drug resistance and mortality. Mortality and morbidity from pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza are increased in obesity and diabetes. In addition to mechanical and physiological effects, there are considerable immunological abnormalities characterised by chronic, low‐grade inflammation. Simultaneous up‐regulation and dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses impair control and killing of invading organisms. Prevention in those at risk is poorly practised, although screening for tuberculosis in diabetes is beginning in high‐burden settings. Conclusions Pneumonia is a threat globally in obesity and diabetes with increased incidence and severity of disease. There is uncertainty about whether vaccines are equally effective in those with obesity and diabetes. Increased epidemiological, clinical and biological knowledge will be crucial to face this 21st century challenge.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation With Survival Among US Veterans

These findings suggest that rates of 1-year mortality and 1-year readmission for myocardial infarction or revascularization did not differ for participants in VA vs non-VA cardiac rehabilitation programs. Eligible patients with ischemic heart disease should participate in CR programs regardless of where they are provided.

Topic: Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Toxicity of Bicyclic Phosphate GABA Antagonists to the Housefly, &lt;i&gt;Musca domestica&lt;/i&gt; L.

27種類のBPのイエパエに対する殺虫活性を調べ, マウスに対する毒性と比較した. 殺虫活性は哺乳類毒性に比べ, かなり弱かったが, 3位および4位置換基の両活性に及ぼす効果が異なっていた. このことは作用点の標構造/性質の差異を反映している可能性もあり, 作用点探索のためのプローブとしてのBPの有用性を示唆している.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Reactivity Toward Ketones of New Methyl Amino Complexes of Rh(III) and Ag(I). Synthesis of Ortho-Rhodiated Acetophenone Methyl Imine Complexes

MeNH(2) reacts with silver salts AgX (2:1) to give [Ag(NH(2)Me)(2)]X [X = TfO = CF(3)SO(3) (1.TfO) and ClO(4) (1.ClO(4))]. Neutral mono(amino) Rh(III) complexes [Rh(Cp*)Cl(2)(NH(2)R)] [R = Me (2a), To = C(6)H(4)Me-4 (2b)] have been prepared by reacting [Rh(Cp*)Cl(mu-Cl)](2) with RNH(2) (1:2). The following cationic methyl amino complexes have also been prepared: [Rh(Cp*)Cl(NH(2)Me)(PPh(3))]TfO (3.TfO), from [Rh(Cp*)Cl(2)(PPh(3))] and 1.TfO (1:1); [Rh(Cp*)Cl(NH(2)R)2]X, where R = Me, X = Cl, (4a.Cl), from [Rh(Cp*)Cl(mu-Cl)]2 and MeNH2 (1:4), or R = Me, X = ClO4 (4a.ClO4), from 4a.Cl and NaClO4 (1:4.8), or R = To, X = TfO (4b.TfO), from [Rh(Cp*)Cl(mu-Cl)](2), ToNH(2) and TlTfO (1:4:2); [Rh(Cp*)(NH(2)Me)(tBubpy)](TfO)(2) (tBubpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 5.TfO), from 2a, TlTfO and tBubpy (1:2:1); [Rh(Cp*)(NH(2)Me)(3)](TfO)2 (6.TfO) from [Rh(Cp*)Cl(mu-Cl)](2) and 1.TfO (1:4). 2-6 constitute the first family of methyl amino complexes of rhodium. 1 and 4a.ClO(4) react with acetone to give, respectively, the methyl imino complexes [Ag{N(Me)=CMe(2)}()]X [X = TfO (7.TfO), ClO(4) (7.ClO(4))], and [Rh(Cp*)Cl(Me-imam)]ClO(4) [8.ClO(4), Me-imam = N,N'-N(Me)=C(Me)CH(2)C(Me)(2)NHMe]. 7.X (X = TfO, ClO(4)) are new members of the small family of methyl acetimino complexes of any metal whereas 8.ClO4 results after a double acetone condensation to give the corresponding bis(methyl acetimino) complex and an aldol-like condensation of the two imino ligands. The acetimino complex [Ag(NH=CMe(2))(2)]ClO(4) reacts with [Rh(Cp*)Cl(imam)]ClO(4) [1:1, imam = N,N'-NH=C(Me)CH(2)C(Me)(2)NH(2)] to give [Rh(Cp*)(imam)(NH=CMe(2))](ClO(4))(2) (9a.ClO(4)). 8.ClO(4) reacts with AgClO(4) (1:1) in MeCN to give [Rh(Cp*)(Me-imam)(NCMe)](ClO(4))2 (9b.ClO(4)), which in turn reacts with XyNC (Xy = C(6)H(3)Me(2)-2,6) or with MeNH(2) (1:1) to give [Rh(Cp*)(Me-imam)L](ClO(4))(2) [L = XyNC (9c.ClO(4)), MeNH(2) (9d.ClO(4))]. 6.TfO reacts with acetophenone to give [Rh(Cp*){C,N-C(6)H(4)C(Me)=N(Me)-2}(NH(2)Me)]TfO (10a.TfO), the first complex resulting from such a condensation and cyclometalation reaction. In turn, 10a.TfO reacts with isocyanides RNC (1:1) at room temperature to give [Rh(Cp*){C,N-C(6)H(4)C(Me)=NMe-2}(CNR)]TfO [R = tBu (10b.TfO), Xy (10c.TfO)], or 1:12 at 60 degrees C to give [Rh(Cp*){C,N-C(=NXy)C(6)H(4)C(Me)=N(Me)-2}(CNXy)]TfO (11.TfO). The crystal structures of 9a.ClO(4).acetone-d6, 9c.ClO(4), and 10a.TfO have been determined.

Topic: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The evolution of simulation techniques for dynamic bone tissue engineering in bioreactors

Bone tissue engineering aims to overcome the drawbacks of current bone regeneration techniques in orthopaedics. Bioreactors are widely used in the field of bone tissue engineering, as they help support efficient nutrition of cultured cells with the possible combination of applying mechanical stimuli. Beneficial influencing parameters of in vitro cultures are difficult to find and are mostly determined by trial and error, which is associated with significant time and money spent. Mathematical simulations can support the finding of optimal parameters. Simulations have evolved over the last 20 years from simple analytical models to complex and detailed computational models. They allow researchers to simulate the mechanical as well as the biological environment experienced by cells seeded on scaffolds in a bioreactor. Based on the simulation results, it is possible to give recommendations about specific parameters for bone bioreactor cultures, such as scaffold geometries, scaffold mechanical properties, the level of applied mechanical loading or nutrient concentrations. This article reviews the evolution in simulating various aspects of dynamic bone culture in bioreactors and reveals future research directions.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrical interaction between antidromically stimulated frog motoneurones and dorsal root afferents: enhancement by gallamine and TEA

1. Electrical interactions have been studied in the isolated frog spinal cord preparation. It is found that gallamine and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) markedly enhance all non‐cholinergic synaptic interactions, including the electrical interaction between motoneurones (VR‐VRP). In addition, in the presence of either of these drugs, a short‐latency interaction is seen to exist between antidromically stimulated motoneurones and dorsal root afferents (early VR‐DRP). The early VR‐DRP is rarely seen in the absence of gallamine or TEA. 2. The early VR‐DRP is of the same short latency as the VR‐VRP and fulfils the same criteria for electrical interaction: it increases in amplitude with cooling from 17–10° C, it is not blocked by a wide variety of pharmacological blocking agents, and it is suppressed by both Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , with no antagonism of action between the two. 3. The early VR‐DRP appears as a cluster of unitary events: all‐or‐none spikes conducted out the dorsal root fibres. No initial graded slow potentials are seen. Often there are two peaks in the response. 4. The early VR‐DRP is facilitated by a dorsal root volley, with a time course normally intermediate between that of the orthodromic ventral root potential (DR‐VRP) and the dorsal root potential (DR‐DRP). This orthodromic facilitation apparently is achieved by increasing invasion of motoneurone dendritic trees and depolarization of dorsal root afferents toward threshold. 5. If the same ventral root is stimulated twice, or adjacent roots stimulated at different intervals, the second early VR‐DRP, like the VR‐VRP, is seen to be occluded for 10–20 msec, then facilitated to supranormal amplitudes. It is concluded that motoneurone dendrites are presynaptic to both interactions. 6. Evidence is presented that gallamine and TEA act by increasing the duration of activity both in axon terminals and in antidromically invaded motoneurones. Often second or multiple spikes result. The increased duration of depolarization can increase transmitter release at terminals and increase coupling at electrical junctions. 7. Possible morphological correlates for the two electrical interactions are discussed. It is speculated that the motoneurone interaction arises at numerous areas of close apposition between dendrites in dendritic ‘thickets’, and that the early VR‐DRP is mediated by fewer, lower‐resistance, electrical junctions between dendrites and afferent nerve terminals.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Consumer Buying Behaviour towards Organic Food – A Case of UAE

The objective of this study is to understand UAE consumer behavior towards organic food. Six determinants were chosen to investigate the factors that were identified as potential influencers. These determinants were identified from the current research published on organic food buying behavior patterns. The chosen independent determinants are identified as: health and lifestyle, environmental concern, safety and trust, convenience and price, subjective norms and attitude. Purchase intention was identified as a dependent variable to test. Six hypotheses were formed based on determinants to test their influences on purchase intention. A random sampling of 423 participants was used in collecting the data. Multiple regression analysis tests were used to understand the significant influence of these six variables. The result of the analysis indicated that all six variables have a positive contribution towards consumer purchase intention of organic food. The implications for stakeholders and policy makers point to a need to upgrade the accessibility of organic food to a wider population such that the supply chain for organic foods and organic products extends beyond the big supermarkets to the smaller grocery stores and corner shops.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes

Disease models are essential for understanding cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and developing new therapeutics. The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has generated significant enthusiasm for its potential application in basic and translational cardiac research. Patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes offer an attractive experimental platform to model cardiovascular diseases, study the earliest stages of human development, accelerate predictive drug toxicology tests, and advance potential regenerative therapies. Harnessing the power of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes could eliminate confounding species-specific and interpersonal variations and ultimately pave the way for the development of personalized medicine for cardiovascular diseases. However, the predictive power of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes as a valuable model is contingent on comprehensive and rigorous molecular and functional characterization.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences