jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inequality and cumulative advantage in science careers: a case study of high-impact journals

Analyzing a large data set of publications drawn from the most competitive journals in the natural and social sciences we show that research careers exhibit the broad distributions of individual achievement characteristic of systems in which cumulative advantage plays a key role. While most researchers are personally aware of the competition implicit in the publication process, little is known about the levels of inequality at the level of individual researchers. We analyzed both productivity and impact measures for a large set of researchers publishing in high-impact journals. For each researcher cohort we calculated Gini inequality coefficients, with average Gini values around 0.48 for total publications and 0.73 for total citations. For perspective, these observed values are well in excess of the inequality levels observed for personal income in developing countries. Investigating possible sources of this inequality, we identify two potential mechanisms that act at the level of the individual that may play defining roles in the emergence of the broad productivity and impact distributions found in science. First, we show that the average time interval between a researcher's successive publications in top journals decreases with each subsequent publication. Second, after controlling for the time dependent features of citation distributions, we compare the citation impact of subsequent publications within a researcher's publication record. We find that as researchers continue to publish in top journals, there is more likely to be a decreasing trend in the relative citation impact with each subsequent publication. This pattern highlights the difficulty of repeatedly publishing high-impact research and the intriguing possibility that confirmation bias plays a role in the evaluation of scientific careers.

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Very Long Baseline Array Astrometry of Cassini: The Final Epochs and an Improved Orbit of Saturn

Abstract We report results from multi-epoch radio astrometry of the Cassini spacecraft with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). These observations are part of a program to determine a series of accurate positions for the Saturn system barycenter in the inertial International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and to use these position measurements to improve our knowledge of Saturn’s orbit in the planetary ephemeris. Our VLBA observations cover the full duration of the orbital phase of the Cassini mission, from Saturn orbit insertion in 2004 to the end of mission in 2017. This period covers more than one-third of Saturn’s orbital period, allowing us to obtain good orbit constraints for Saturn, particularly on the inclination and ascending node longitude. During the early years of Cassini ’s orbital mission our VLBA data dominated the determination of orbit orientation, while later in the mission range measurements become more significant. The orientation of Saturn’s orbit is now known to approximately 0.25 milli-arcseconds (1.25 nrad), an order of magnitude improvement since the start of Cassini observations. Continuing improvements in the ICRF position accuracy for our phase reference sources, and possible improvements in the final orbit solutions for Cassini , may lead to a still better Saturn orbit over the coming years.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 3 from Overcoming IGF1R/IR Resistance through Inhibition of MEK Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Models

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3 - PDF file 91K, Combination Fraction Inhibited Graphs&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Oxytocin May be Superior to Gliptins as a Potential Treatment for Diabetic COVID-19 Patients

Diabetes is a comorbidity associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. Gliptins are anti-diabetic drugs that inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and they have been proposed as a possible treatment for COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes due to their immunomodulatory properties. Oxytocin has also been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory properties as well as other mechanisms. In addition, oxytocin has been identified as a natural DPP4 inhibitor. Therefore, oxytocin not only has the properties associated with DPP4 inhibition but it has numerous additional beneficial properties. It is proposed that oxytocin may be superior to DPP4 inhibitors for COVID-19 patients especially for patients with type 2 diabetes. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2020-02-SI-10 Full Text: PDF

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Manoeuvrability of a Large Cruise Ship after Damage for Safe Return to Port

Free-running model tests were conducted using a scaled model of a large cruise ship with a damaged compartment, to investigate the effects of damage opening and floodwater on the manoeuvring performance in calm water and regular and irregular head waves. Drifting tests in regular beam waves were also performed. The experimental results indicated that the course-keeping ability in waves and turning ability became worse in the damaged condition. However, the target ship retained its manoeuvrability for safe return to the port, on its own, even in a damaged state. As it is time- and cost-consuming to conduct a free-running model experiment, a captive model test was also carried out to develop a system-based simulation model for evaluating the manoeuvrability of large cruise ships after damage.

Topic: Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of PEDF on the in vivo antitumor activities of low-dose chemotherapy in CRPC.

173 Background: The development of metronomic/low dose administration of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs has shown great promise in the treatment of castration-refractory prostate cancer (CPRC). Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) is a natural angio-inhibitor which is down-regulated in prostate cancer. We have previously demonstrated that the over-expression of PEDF in human CRPC PC3 cells decreased tumor growth in vivo. In the present study, we further validated PEDF anti-tumor properties in the highly metastatic CRPC LNCaP-derivative CL1 cells. We also hypothesized that PEDF may enhance the cytotoxicity effects of low dose docetaxel (DTX) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) chemotherapies in vivo. Methods: PC3 and CL1 cell lines were genetically modified to stably express the fluorescent DsRed Express protein with PEDF. Resulting cells were characterized in vitro for PEDF expression by western blot and, for proliferation by growth curves and clone formation in matrigel. PEDF anti-tumor effects were assessed on established s.c. xenografts in mice treated with DTX (5mg/kg ip every 4 days, 1mg/kg ip daily for 10 days, 0.5mg/kg every other day), CTX (10-20mg/kg in the drinking water) or placebo. Survival studies were performed by injecting CL1-PEDF or -control cells into the left lobe of the dorsal prostate of anesthetized mice. Results: We showed that PEDF expression inhibits the proliferation and induces the differentiation of CPRC cells in vitro, and decreases by 85% and 70% the development of s.c. PC3 and CL1 tumors, respectively. In the survival study, PEDF expression prolongs significantly (P=0.01; 95% confidence interval) the median survival of CL1 tumor-bearing mice (53±0.001 days versus 57±1). Furthermore, we demonstrated that PEDF enhances the cytotoxicity effects of low dose chemotherapy on established s.c. tumors (best Doc dose: 1mg/kg for PC3 and 5mg/kg for CL1; best CTX dose: 10mg/kg for PC3 and CL1) and prolongs significantly the survival of tumor-bearing mice undergoing low dose chemotherapy. Conclusions: These data reinforce the significance of PEDF as a potent target for the treatment of CRPC. It also emphasizes PEDF as a promising new agent to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of low dose chemotherapies.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Homelessness in the Valley

In today’s society, there is a common belief that homeless people are the problem and that they have services at their disposal to end their homelessness. Yet, there is little consideration given to how society has influenced this population. Homelessness is a serious problem nationwide and is also a challenge to resolve once you have found yourself within the homeless community. It is important not to judge each homeless individual’s situation the same. The demographics of the homeless population is just as diverse as the factors that led to their homelessness. This paper examined the available literature on the contributing factors of homelessness in Las Vegas, specifically subpopulations such as veterans, victims of domestic violence, and LGBTQ youth. The research conferred here shows that there is very little research conducted on the homeless population in Las Vegas.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
WHO Analgesic Ladder: Is It Appropriate for Joint Pain? From NSAIDS to Opioids

In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the first recommendations to trigger the treatment of cancer pain. These recommendations, which were insufficient, were based on the WHO “pain ladder,” a stepwise approach to the use of analgesics depending on pain severity. The regimen considered in a parallel manner the severity of pain and the presumed efficacy of analgesics. The WHO stratified three steps in this approach of analgesic drugs: Step I using non-opioid analgesics (acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—NSAIDs), Step II with� “weak” opioids (hydrocodone, codeine, or tramadol), and Step III with� “strong” opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl, or methadone). Additional drugs (adjuvants) were to be used to decrease anxiety. This therapeutic step-by-step approach has led many to propose non-opioid analgesics for patients in mild pain, weak opioids for patients with moderate pain, and strong opioids for those with severe pain. The WHO recommendations suggested prescribing a Step II analgesic if treatment with a Step I analgesic was ineffective and a Step III analgesic in cases in which pain persisted despite a Step II analgesic. This approach was then extrapolated to non-cancer pain, including articular pain. In acute articular pain, the severity of pain may justify starting immediately with a weak or strong opioid to reduce pain quickly and switching later to a non-opioid analgesic if the pain subsides. In 2015, the scientific community discussed this approach and suggested other classifications based on clinical efficacy or pain mechanisms. A mechanistic approach is probably more appropriate. David Lussier and Pierre Beaulieu proposed a new rational taxonomy in the book Pharmacology of Pain (IASP,

Topic: Pain Management and Opioid Use
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acoustic Topology and Dimensional Resonance: Unified Field Theoretic Framework

Truth 1: Dimensions Are EmergentThe "fourth dimension" isn't "out there"—it emerges from the dynamics of rotation + magnetism + acoustics.Philosophical Implications:Space is not fundamentalDimensions are organizational principles of field configurationsHigher-dimensional physics accessible through collective dynamics Truth 2: Topology Is FundamentalThe quantized topological charges (helicity, linking number) are more fundamental than the fields themselves.Why: Fields can be continuously deformed, but topology cannot—it's the "skeleton" supporting the "flesh" of field dynamics.Truth 3: Sound as Dimensional ProbeAcoustic waves don't just "measure" higher dimensions—they participate in creating the dimensional structure through resonant feedback.Observer-participatory universe: The act of probing changes what's being probed! Truth 4: Unity of PhysicsSystem Unifies: Classical mechanics (rotation)Electromagnetism (fields)Acoustics (waves)Topology (knots)Quantum theory (quantization)Higher dimensions (Kaluza-Klein) Not separate subjects—aspects of ONE underlying reality!

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Cancer stem cell heterogeneity in hereditary breast cancer

The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that tumors arise in stem or progenitor cells generating in tumors driven by a subcomponent that retains cancer stem cell properties. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that the BRCA1 gene involved in hereditary breast cancer plays a role in breast stem cell function. Furthermore, studies using mouse BRCA1 knockout models provide evidence for the existence of heterogeneous cancer stem cell populations in tumors generated in these mice. Although these populations may arise from different stem/progenitor cells, they share the expression of a common set of stem cell regulatory genes and show similar characteristics in in vitro mammosphere assays and xenograft models. Furthermore, these 'cancer stem cells' display resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These studies suggest that breast tumors may display intertumor stem cell heterogeneity. Despite this heterogeneity, cancer stem cells may share common characteristics that can be used for their identification and for therapeutic targeting.

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Attentional Control of Cochlear Micromechanics: The Role of the Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System

Abstract The role of top-down processing is a topic of considerable research interest in disciplines as diverse as cognitive psychology and neurophysiology. Scientists have considered the role of s...

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Creating Employment Opportunities for Rural Women: Some Issues Affecting Attitudes and Policy

In Tanzania, the experience in recent years closest to public works projects are self-help schemes and famine relief activities, but in view of the prevailing ideology on development, any community-based development project could conceivably take on the character of a public works scheme. While community-based development projects take the form of public works schemes, famine-relief projects in Dodoma were mostly extensions of self-help projects. There are no special labour requirements laid down for obtaining food aid, which is now given regardless of the amount of work done. In most cases villagers continue to work on existing self-help projects. The period of food scarcity tends to coincide with the time for clearing the farm and planting, and therefore famine-relief supplies are nomally provided at around this time. However, the provision of famine-relief can be as sporadic as the food shortages.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Surface bond angle and bond lengths of rearranged As and Ga atoms on GaAs(110)

We have determined the surface structure of GaAs(110) by comparing our experimental low-energy-electron-diffraction (LEED) data with curves calculated by the combined space method. We find that the best agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for a structure in which the As atoms are tilted outward and the Ga atoms are tilted inward, with an angle of rotation of 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and a Ga to second-layer spacing of 1.452 \AA{}. For this structure the As back bond is contracted by about 5%. These findings are compared with previous results from LEED and surface-band-structure calculations.

Topic: Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
WA : 0853-1102-5193. Daftar Harga Jual Jam Digital Masjid Jamanis

&amp;quot;WA : 0853-1102-5193. Daftar Harga Jual Jam Digital Masjid Jamanis. Bisa COD. AWET. Bahan Berkualitas. Elegan.\n\n\nKELEBIHAN BELANJA DI KAMI\n1. Bisa COD\n2. Terbukti Awet\n3. Elegan\n4. Bahan Berkualitas\n5. Banyak Varian\n6. BERGARANSI\n\n\nOrder Hubungi :\nWA 0853 1102 5193\nhttps://wa.me/6285311025193\n\n\njam digital masjid Jamanis, jam digital masjid terdekat Jamanis, jam digital masjid running text Jamanis, jam digital masjid tv led Jamanis, jam digital buat masjid Jamanis, gambar jam digital masjid Jamanis, grosir jam masjid digital Jamanis, jam digital masjid harga Jamanis, cara setting jam digital masjid dengan hp Jamanis, harga jam digital masjid running text Jamanis, harga jam digital masjid bandung Jamanis, jam masjid digital iqomah Jamanis, jual jam digital masjid Jamanis, jam digital masjid kecil Jamanis, jam digital masjid layar tv Jamanis, jam digital led masjid Jamanis, letak jam digital masjid Jamanis, jam digital masjid murah Jamanis, jam digital masjid mauquta Jamanis, jam digital masjid mini Jamanis, nama aplikasi jam digital masjid Jamanis, cara mensetting jam digital masjid Jamanis, jam digital untuk masjid online Jamanis, harga jam masjid digital otomatis Jamanis, jam digital masjid tauqoly Jamanis, cara setting jam digital masjid running text Jamanis, cara setting jam digital masjid remote Jamanis, aplikasi remote jam digital masjid Jamanis, cara reset jam digital masjid Jamanis, jam digital masjid second Jamanis, jam digital masjid tv Jamanis, jam digital untuk masjid Jamanis, jam digital untuk masjid murah Jamanis, uzma jam digital masjid Jamanis, ukuran jam digital masjid Jamanis, aplikasi jam digital masjid wifi Jamanis, harga jam digital masjid waktu sholat Jamanis, kode wilayah jam digital masjid Jamanis, jam digital waktu sholat masjid Jamanis, aplikasi jam digital masjid Jamanis, membuat jam digital masjid dengan arduino Jamanis, alamat jam digital masjid Jamanis, grosir jam digital masjid Jamanis, toko jam digital masjid Jamanis, apa itu jam digital masjid Jamanis, jam masjid digital di jakarta Jamanis, model jam digital untuk masjid Jamanis, jam led digital untuk masjid Jamanis, toko jam digital untuk masjid Jamanis, distributor jam digital untuk masjid Jamanis, penjualan jam digital untuk masjid Jamanis, toko jam digital masjid terdekat Jamanis, jual jam digital masjid terdekat&amp;quot;\n\n\n&amp;nbsp;

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CircRNA_0005075 suppresses carcinogenesis via regulating miR‐431/p53/epithelial‐mesenchymal transition axis in gastric cancer

This study was aimed to explore the expression and biological function of circRNA_0005075 in gastric cancer (GC) progression and its underlying mechanism. First, the expression level of circRNA_0005075 and microRNA‐431 (miR‐431) in GC tissues were detected with the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, after down‐regulated the circRNA_0005075 expression by plasmid transfection in GC cells, the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), EDU, transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the function of circRNA_0005075 or miR‐431 on cell proliferation, metastasis in vitro. Moreover, p53 and Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway related proteins were also measured with western blotting. Then, our data revealed that CircRNA_0005075 was found to be significantly up‐regulated in GC tissues as well as GC cell lines, and the GC patients with higher CircRNA_0005075 expression were more likely to have poor outcomes. Down‐regulation of CircRNA_0005075 could significantly suppress the GC cell proliferation and cell metastasis ability, while the addition of miR‐431 inhibitors could counteract this effect. Importantly, we discovered that the silencing of circRNA_0005075 could weaken the micro‐RNA sponge function for miR‐431, and then upregulate the expression of p53 and forbid the EMT signalling pathway, and finally suppress the tumourigenesis of GC. To sum up, CircRNA_0005075 could inhibit cell growth and metastasis of GC through regulating the miR‐431/p53/EMT axis. Significance of the study The research clearly elucidated the potential role and relative regulatory mechanism of circRNA_0005075 in gastric cancer (GC) progression. Briefly, circRNA_0005075 could directly inhibit the expression level of miR‐431, then regulate the p53/Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition axis, and finally inhibit cell growth and metastasis in GC. Consequently, circRNA_0005075 might act as an oncogene in the GC procession, which provides a promising way for the treatment of GC.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Correction of the external ear using cartilage-sparing techniques].

Cartilage sparing suture techniques for correction of the specific anatomic deformities of prominent ears prove to be successful. Suture extrusion was the most frequent, but minor, complication. Suture extrusion appears to be dependent upon suture material and localisation.

Topic: Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE MATURATION AND CHANGES OF SPERM DEPENDING ON THE AGE OF MALE BEE KEEPING IN THE MOUNTAIN AND SUB-MOUNTAIN AREA OF FERGANA REGION

<em>The article provides information on the maturation periods of male bees, the formation of sperm seeds in them, changes in sperm formation depending on its age, and differences in its color (consistency) in the conditions of the Fergana region.</em>

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The p.R66W Variant in RAC3 Causes Severe Fetopathy Through Variant-Specific Mechanisms

RAC3 encodes a small GTPase of the Rho family that plays a critical role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and intracellular signaling regulation. Pathogenic variants in RAC3, all of which reported thus far affect conserved residues within its functional domains, have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by diverse phenotypic features, including structural brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism (NEDBAF). Recently, a novel de novo RAC3 variant (NM_005052.3): c.196C&gt;T, p.R66W was identified in a prenatal case with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (a spectrum of conditions that interfere with the fetus’s ability to move), and complex brain malformations featuring corpus callosum agenesis, diencephalosynapsis, kinked brainstem, and vermian hypoplasia. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the association between RAC3 deficiency and this unique, distinct clinical phenotype, we explored the pathophysiological significance of the p.R66W variant in brain development. Biochemical assays revealed a modest enhancement in intrinsic GDP/GTP exchange activity and an inhibitory effect on GTP hydrolysis. Transient expression studies in COS7 cells demonstrated that RAC3-R66W interacts with the downstream effectors PAK1, MLK2, and N-WASP but fails to activate SRF-, AP1-, and NFkB-mediated transcription. Additionally, overexpression of RAC3-R66W significantly impaired differentiation in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Acute expression of RAC3-R66W in vivo by in utero electroporation resulted in impairments in cortical neuron migration and axonal elongation during corticogenesis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the p.R66W variant may function as an activated version in specific signaling pathways, leading to a distinctive and severe prenatal phenotype through variant-specific mechanisms.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences