jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Insulin Treatment Modulates the Host Immune System To Enhance Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Biofilms

ABSTRACT Diabetes affects 25.8 million people in the United States, or 8.3% of the population, and these numbers are even higher in developing countries. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to the development of chronic wounds with debilitating bacterial infections than nondiabetics. Previously, we compared the ability of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause biofilm-associated infections in chronic wounds of diabetic and nondiabetic mice (C. Watters, K. DeLeon, U. Trivedi, J. A. Griswold, M. Lyte, K. J. Hampel, M. J. Wargo, and K. P. Rumbaugh, Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 202: 131–141, 2013). Unexpectedly, we observed that insulin-treated diabetic mice had significantly more biofilm in their wounds, which correlated with higher antibiotic tolerance. Here, we investigated whether insulin treatment modulates the diabetic immune system to favor P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Utilizing a murine chronic wound model, we found that DNA protected P. aeruginosa in the wounds of insulin-treated diabetic mice from antibiotic treatment. We also observed increased numbers of neutrophils, reduced numbers of macrophages, and increased cell death in the wounds of diabetic mice on insulin therapy. Taken together, these data suggest that high levels of lysed neutrophils in the wounds of diabetic mice on insulin, combined with fewer macrophages to remove the cellular debris, contribute to increased DNA levels, which enhance P. aeruginosa biofilms.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new tyrosine derivative isolated from an actinomycin D producing mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived <i>Streptomyces parvulus</i> A-30

Chemical investigation of <i>Streptomyces parvulus</i> A-30, isolated from the mangrove plant <i>Rhizophora apiculata</i> rhizosphere soil resulted in the isolation of an optically new metabolite (<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i>-(5-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxopentyl)-tyrosine (<b>2</b>), and seven known metabolites, including actinomycin D (<b>1</b>), (<i>S</i>)-2-methylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (<b>3</b>), uracil (<b>4</b>), <i>N</i>-acetyltyramine (<b>5</b>), <i>bis</i> (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (<b>6</b>), diorcinol (<b>7</b>), and 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (<b>8</b>). Amongst, actinomycin D (<b>1</b>) was found to be a major component (1 g, 5.13%) and compound <b>3</b> was isolated as a natural product for the first time. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of literature. All compounds isolated were subjected to immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities evaluation. Compound <b>1</b> exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HepG-2 and Hela with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 2.62 <i>±</i> 0.22 and 0.37 <i>±</i> 0.88 µM, respectively, indicating it is principally responsible for the significant total cytotoxic effect of <i>S. parvulus</i> A-30.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Senescence-Associated Gene Expression during Ozone-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis1

Abstract The expression patterns of senescence-related genes were determined during ozone (O3) exposure in Arabidopsis. Rosettes were treated with 0.15 μL L−1 O3 for 6 h d−1 for 14 d. O3-treated leaves began to yellow after 10 d of exposure, whereas yellowing was not apparent in control leaves until d 14. Transcript levels for eight of 12 senescence related genes characterized showed induction by O3. SAG13(senescence-associated gene), SAG21, ERD1(early responsive to dehydration), and BCB (blue copper-binding protein) were induced within 2 to 4 d of O3 treatment; SAG18, SAG20, and ACS6 (ACC synthase) were induced within 4 to 6 d; and CCH (copper chaperone) was induced within 6 to 8 d. In contrast, levels of photosynthetic gene transcripts,rbcS (small subunit of Rubisco) and cab(chlorophyll a/b-binding protein), declined after 6 d. Other markers of natural senescence, SAG12,SAG19, MT1 (metallothionein), andAtgsr2 (glutamine synthetase), did not show enhanced transcript accumulation. When SAG12promoter-GUS (β-glucuronidase) andSAG13 promoter-GUS transgenic plants were treated with O3, GUS activity was induced in SAG13-GUS plants after 2 d but was not detected in SAG12-GUS plants.SAG13 promoter-driven GUS activity was located throughout O3-treated leaves, whereas control leaves generally showed activity along the margins. The acceleration of leaf senescence induced by O3 is a regulated event involving many genes associated with natural senescence.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Affect and Attention After Deleuze and Whitehead

Argues for value of responsible speculative thinking in the context of crisisInvestigates intersections between Gilles Deleuze and Alfred North WhiteheadSituates the development of process ontologies in the lineage of radical empiricism and compares this to other contemporary speculative ontologiesCompares Whiteheadean feeling to Deleuze and Guattari's Spinozist-inspired deployment of affectIdentifies three points of potential divergence between Deleuze and Whitehead: the status of temporal discontinuity or continuity, the relation between Deleuze's 'virtual' and Whitehead's 'eternal objects', and the question of lived value, thematized through a discussion of what Deleuze calls the 'beautiful soul'Russell Duvernoy develops 'resonances' between the metaphysics of Whitehead and Deleuze with regard to effects on attention and affect. The implications of these lead to an altered existential orientation, described by Duvernoy as ecological attunement.This original concept suggests that attention is ontologically creative, not just passively receptive, and feeling and affect are ontologically prior to the consolidation of lived subjectivity. The combined effects of these speculative claims cut deeply against the grain of prevailing habits with regard to subjectivity.Though these results are resolutely speculative, they unfold amidst intensifying ecological crisis and accompanying social, political and existential turbulence. What does it mean to pursue speculative thinking in this context? How do metaphysical concepts inform our lives and how might different concepts lead to different ways of life?Drawing on recent work by Massumi, Stengers, Debaise and Williams, this study explores their work in relation to other speculative trends in recent philosophy, including new materialisms, posthumanisms, speculative realism and object-oriented-ontology

Topic: Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Politics
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
DETECTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FROM ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) SIGNALS USING MULTITAPER AND ENSEMBLE LEARNING METHODS

Alzheimer's disease is a complex brain disease and is also the most common form of dementia that leads to impaired social and intellectual abilities. The disease only manifests itself with a simple forgetfulness, as the disease progresses, the patient forgets the recent events, cannot recognize his family members and close environment, and becomes in need of care in the last stage. Early detection is therefore crucial for medical intervention to prevent brain injury and prolong everyday functioning. In this study is aimed to detection of Alzheimer’s disease from EEG signals using the multitaper and ensemble learning methods. The dataset comprises of 24 healthy people and 24 Alzheimer's patients' EEG signals. 49 features were extracted by calculating the power spectral density (PSD) of the frequencies of the EEG signals between 1-49 Hz using the multitaper method. Then, the performances of AdaboostM1, Total Boost, Gentle Boost, Logit Boost, Robust Boost, and Bagging ensemble learning algorithms were compared. As a result of experiments, the Logit Boost algorithm has the highest performance. The algorithm has achieved a promising performance of 93.04% accuracy, 93.09% f1-score, 92.75% sensitivity, 93.43% precision, and 93.33% specificity.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Diderma montanum Meyl.

● Diderma montanum (Meyl.) Meyl., kalnu olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 09 Mar 2020, Sigulda, on mosses on a sandstone outcrop in a ravine forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; leg. S.Laime, 09 Oct 2021, Cēsis, on a log of Salix sp. in a forest, det. S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), very rare.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Theoretical Studies of Group IVA and Group IVB Chemistry

Abstract : Several new developments in the effective fragment potential (EFP) and the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) methods have been accomplished. A new EFP charge transfer (CT) interaction energy was derived and implemented in GAMESS. The new CT approach, based on quasi-atomic molecular bond orbitals, cuts the time required for this term by a factor of two, with little loss in accuracy. The analytic gradient was derived and implemented as well, so one can optimize geometries and determine reaction paths. The R(-7) dispersion terms was also derived and coded. While most workers ignore the odd power dispersion terms, these terms can be very important in anisotropic situations, such as highly viscous liquids and on solid surfaces. We have also developed an integrated FMO-EFP method called the effective fragment molecular orbital (EFMO) method. We have shown that the EFMO method is both faster and more accurate than FMO. Fully analytic EFMO energy gradients have been partly completed. In collaboration with the Rappe group, we used the EFP and second order perturbation theory (MP2) to help explain the experimental results of the Fayer group on phenol migration dynamics. An exhaustive computational study of hydrazine decomposition was performed using both MP2 and coupled cluster methods. This study, which was prompted by the use of hydrazine as a high energy fuel, completely mapped out the competing hydrazine decomposition pathways. This work was a true tour de force. An invited review on fragmentation methods is in press in the very prestigious journal Accounts of Chemical Research. Also in press is a report on the solvated electron. This is a very important work, because it demonstrates that local orbital methods can be very effective in studying the solvated electron problem.

Topic: Radioactive element chemistry and processing
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Altered Electrophoretic Migration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Styrene Oxide Adducts at Adenine N<sup>6</sup> Correlates with Adduct-Induced Structural Disorder

Site-specific bay region benzo[a]pyrene (7R,8S,9R,10S)-N(6)-[10-(7,8, 9,10-tetrahydro-7,8,9-trihydroxybenzo[a]pyrenyl)]-2'-deoxyadeno syl, (7S,8R,9S,10R)-N(6)-[10-(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,8, 9-trihydroxybenzo[a]pyrenyl)]-2'-deoxyadenosyl, (7S,8R,9R, 10S)-N(6)-[10-(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,8, 9-trihydroxybenzo[a]pyrenyl)]-2'-deoxyadenosyl, and (7R,8S,9S, 10R)-N(6)-[10-(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,8, 9-trihydroxybenzo[a]pyrenyl)]-2'-deoxyadenosyl adducts, bay region benz[a]anthracene (1R,2S,3R,4S)-N(6)-[1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3, 4-trihydroxybenz[a]anthracenyl)]-2'-deoxyadenosyl and (1S,2R,3S, 4R)-N(6)-[1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3, 4-trihydroxybenz[a]anthracenyl)]-2'-deoxyadenosyl adducts, non-bay region benz[a]anthracenyl (8S,9R,10S,11R)-N(6)-[11-(8,9,10, 11-tetrahydro-8,9,10-trihydroxybenz[a]anthracenyl)]-2'-de oxyadenosyl and (8R,9S,10R,11S)-N(6)-[11-(8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-8,9, 10-trihydroxybenz[a]anthracenyl)]-2'-deoxyadenosyl adducts, and the R- and S-adducts of styrene oxide were located in the ras61 oligodeoxynucleotide and examined with respect to electrophoretic mobility. The results were compared to NMR structural data, and to site-specific mutagenesis data and in vitro DNA replication assays for the same adducts. There was a correlation between adducts having lower electrophoretic mobility and greater disorder at the adduct site as monitored by NMR. The disorder combined with the lower electrophoretic mobilities suggested that these adducts induced flexible hinge joints in the DNA rather than static bending. Usually, these were adenine N(6) adducts having S-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon. The results also revealed a possible role for the bay region ring in stabilizing adenyl N(6) benz[a]anthracene adducts with respect to hinging at the adduct site. On the other hand, there was not a simple relationship between altered electrophoretic mobility and mutagenesis or DNA replication.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Interhemispheric extracranial and intracranial tumor of parietal area (chondromyxoid fibroma) in a 13-year-old child with 7 years of follow-up].

A case of extra-intracranial, parietal chondromyxoid fibroma in a 13-year old girl operated successfully and followed by 7-years observation is presented. Apart from infrequent occurrence of the tumour diagnostic difficulties due to atypical cranial location are emphasized.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TRAVEL ACTIVITY BEHAVIOUR: AN ANALYSIS ON THE BASIS OF ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Transport planners use traffic and transport models for planning transport infrastructure. These mathematical models have been modified many times during the last decades, the seventies being the most important era. Because of environmental pollution problems, traffic congestion in town centres, and the energy crisis, an attempt to change the traffic and transport policy, was made. Models were developed as well, the disaggregate models being the most important. These disaggregate models were improved, but can be improved still further. At this moment these models are mostly estimated, segmented into three or four destination motives. In this study an attempt is made to make another market segmentation of these disaggregate models as well as the destination motive. Firstly a classification of groups with specific activity patterns is identified. Thereafter a study was undertaken to ascertain whether the transport behaviour of these groups was different. A number of characterized activity patterns have been found by cluster analyses. Research was then undertaken to see if the respondents in those clusters had any significant social-economic characteristics. Three such characteristics were found by which the clusters could be identified: age, position in the household and social status. With these three characteristics a new market-segmentation was made of eight groups and from these eight groups the transport behaviour was studied for vehicle ownership, model split, occupation and driving licence. (TRRL)

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Subwavelength ultrasonic imaging via a harmonic resonant tunneling metalens

Resonant tunneling metalenses have excellent applications for subwavelength ultrasonic imaging in air. In this study, an acoustic metalens intended for underwater imaging was designed with first, second, and third resonant tunneling frequencies of 10.3, 85.3, and 105.9 kHz, respectively. The resonant tunneling metalens and letter-shaped validation specimens were fabricated via additive manufacturing using polymers. Before the underwater experiment, an array of 36 channels of lead zirconate titanate elements was installed at the bottom of a test water tank to generate ultrasonic waves. Next, the resonant tunneling metalens and one of the letter-shaped specimens were placed in the tank, and ultrasonic imaging was performed with a needle-type hydrophone. Experimental results at the third resonant tunneling frequency confirmed that subwavelength ultrasonic imaging of the letter-shaped specimen was possible at a minimum level of λ/13.98. Therefore, the proposed metalens is shown to be suitable for high-resolution ultrasound applications such as biomedical and non-destructive imaging.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A rare <i>CALR</i> exon 9 mutation p.E379Vfs*53 in AYA generation exhibits gain-of-function nature and can induce essential thrombocythemia; a case report

Current therapeutic strategies for essential thrombocythemia (ET) are mainly considered to prevent thrombo-hemorrhagic events, without increasing the rate of fibrotic progression or leukemic evolution. To treat the patients appropriately, the precise diagnosis of ET is essential. Although approximately 30% of ET cases are diagnosed as <i>CALR</i> mutation-positive; commercially available polymerase chain reaction-based methods for CALR mutation can detect only a limited variation of <i>CALR</i> mutations. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman admitted to our hospital because of thrombocytosis for 3 years. Leukocytosis, erythrocytosis, and <i>JAK2</i> V617F and <i>MPL</i> mutations were not detected. <i>CALR</i> mutation analysis for types 1–5 was negative, however Sanger sequencing identified a novel mutation, c.1136–1142 del7 insTCCTCTGTCCTT. <i>In vitro</i> assay revealed this mutation as a gain-of-function mutation where the C-terminus of calreticulin is altered. <i>In silico</i> analysis showed that the current mutation is considered as type-I CALR mutation like category, which is considered more likely to develop overt myelofibrosis. Our findings emphasize the importance of thorough genetic screening for patients with thrombocytosis, including those who standard CALR mutation assays produce negative results. In view of prognostic risk classification, identifying such novel mutations and determining their functional consequences can substantially improve the diagnostic accuracy and may provide future therapeutic opportunity.

Topic: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Coordination Polymers of 1,4-Bis(2″-Hydroxyphenylazomethine) Phenylene

Abstract Coordination polymers of 1,4-bis(2′-hydroxyphenylazomethine) phenylene have been prepared with the metal ions Ti(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and electronic spectra. The metal contents in all polymers were found to be consistent with a 1:1 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry. The thermal behavior of these coordination polymers has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis in air up to 750°C, and the data showed that they are thermally stable up to 200°C. Physical properties such as the solubility and viscosity of the polymer complexes were also determined. Electrical conductivity measurements of the synthesized polychelated polymers showed that they are insulators except for the Ni(II) complex which shows a semiconducting character. Mössbauer data clearly establish the 3 + oxidation state for the iron complex polymer.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A novel noninvasive method to detect rejection after heart transplantation

Prompt and accurate detection of rejection prior to pathological changes after organ transplantation is vital for monitoring rejections. Although biopsy remains the current gold standard for rejection diagnosis, it is an invasive method and cannot be repeated daily. Thus, noninvasive monitoring methods are needed. In this study, by introducing an IL-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (IL-2 N-mAb) and immunosuppressants into the culture with the presence of specific stimulators and activated lymphocytes, an activated lymphocyte-specific assay (ALSA) system was established to detect the specific activated lymphocytes. This assay demonstrated that the suppression in the ALSA test was closely related to the existence of specific activated lymphocytes. The ALSA test was applied to 47 heart graft recipients and the proliferation of activated lymphocytes from all rejection recipients proven by endomyocardial biopsies was found to be inhibited by spleen cells from the corresponding donors, suggesting that this suppression could reflect the existence of activated lymphocytes against donor antigens, and thus the rejection of a heart graft. The sensitivity of the ALSA test in these 47 heart graft recipients was 100%; however, the specificity was only 37.5%. It was also demonstrated that IL-2 N-mAb was indispensible, and the proper culture time courses and concentrations of stimulators were essential for the ALSA test. This preliminary study with 47 grafts revealed that the ALSA test was a promising noninvasive tool, which could be used in vitro to assist with the diagnosis of rejection post-heart transplantation.

Topic: Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spontaneous Facial Expressions and Micro-expressions Coding: From Brain to Face

Facial expressions are a vital way for humans to show their perceived emotions. It is convenient for detecting and recognizing expressions or micro-expressions by annotating a lot of data in deep learning. However, the study of video-based expressions or micro-expressions requires that coders have professional knowledge and be familiar with action unit (AU) coding, leading to considerable difficulties. This paper aims to alleviate this situation. We deconstruct facial muscle movements from the motor cortex and systematically sort out the relationship among facial muscles, AU, and emotion to make more people understand coding from the basic principles: We derived the relationship between AU and emotion based on a data-driven analysis of 5,000 images from the RAF-AU database, along with the experience of professional coders.We discussed the complex facial motor cortical network system that generates facial movement properties, detailing the facial nucleus and the motor system associated with facial expressions.The supporting physiological theory for AU labeling of emotions is obtained by adding facial muscle movements patterns.We present the detailed process of emotion labeling and the detection and recognition of AU. Based on the above research, the video's coding of spontaneous expressions and micro-expressions is concluded and prospected.

Topic: Emotion and Mood Recognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetic study on conformational effect in hydrolysis of p-nitroanilides catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin

Effects of medium viscosity on kinetics for the hydrolysis of p-nitroanilides of certain amino acid derivatives catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin have been investigated. Observed data indicate that the overall rate constant, kcat, is hardly affected by the medium viscosity in all the substrates employed and equals the rate constant at the acylation step, k2, in the measured range of viscosity. By comparison with the data on p-nitrophenyl ester substrates reported previously, it is concluded that the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate in the course of the acylation of the enzyme is influenced by conformational change of the enzyme, whereas the breakdown of the intermediate is almost free from conformational effects.

Topic: Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences