jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kriging models for payload distribution optimisation of freight trains

This paper deals with Kriging models applied to optimise braking performances for freight trains. More precisely, it is focused&#13;\non mass distribution optimisation aimed at reducing the effects of in-train forces among vehicles, e.g. compression and tensile&#13;\nforces, in-train emergency braking. To this end, Kriging models are applied with covariance structure based on the Matérn&#13;\nfunction, introducing specific input parameters to better outline the payload distribution on the train, also evaluating the&#13;\nshape of the payload distribution. The different shapes, related to the payload distributions, have been implemented into a&#13;\nmodel through a Python routine, which has been used to ‘assemble’the simulated trains. The analysed train carries 80% of its&#13;\nmaximum payload capacity during an emergency braking from the speed of 30 km/h. Satisfactory results have been obtained&#13;\nconsidering compression forces, tensile forces and their sum, also considering residuals and diagnositc measures.

Topic: Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Weather and Calendar Events on Mode-Choice Behaviors for Public Transportation

Understanding travel behavior decisions is a fundamental aim of transportation planning. However, data from surveys or travel diaries that were traditionally used for travel mode-choice modeling are costly and have certain inaccuracies and cover limited populations. Therefore, recently, smart card data collected from automated fare collection systems have gradually become more popular for travel behavior analysis and modeling, but relatively little attention has been paid to investigating the daily variability in travel behavior decisions using more than 1-year smart card data, apart for some descriptive studies. In this study, mode-choice behaviors in public transit were investigated in Seoul using 20-month smart card data to investigate the daily variability in the ratio of the number of subway passengers depending on origin and destination. For this aim, the effects of temporal features such as weather and calendar events as well as the route information and built environments of origin and destination stations were considered on a daily basis for different time periods. To overcome the limitation that the purpose of travel cannot be identified from smart card data, this study attempted to precisely estimate subway connections and extract travel records for commuting from regular commuters' cards. The models were trained using 1-year data and were validated using 8-month data, which verified that the selected factors explain the daily variability in mode-choice behaviors for public transportation.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Wild Carrot (Daucus carota): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

Daucus carota L., a member of the Apiaceae family, comprises 13 subspecies, with one being cultivated (D. carota L. ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.) and the remaining being wild. Traditionally, the wild carrot has been recognized for its antilithic, diuretic, carminative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties and has been employed in the treatment of urinary calculus, cystitis, gout, prostatitis, and cancer. While extensive literature is available on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic evaluations of the cultivated carrot, limited information has been published on the wild carrot. A thorough search was conducted on the phytochemical composition, folk-medicine uses, and pharmacological properties of wild carrot subspecies (Daucus carota L. ssp. carota). Various electronic databases were consulted, and the literature spanning from 1927 to early 2023 was reviewed. Thirteen wild Daucus carota subspecies were analyzed, revealing over 310 compounds, including terpenoids, phenylpropenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with 40 constituting more than 3% of the composition. This review also highlights the antioxidant, anticancer, antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, hypolipidemic, and hepato- and gastroprotective properties of wild carrot subspecies. Existing in vitro and in vivo studies support their traditional uses in treating infections, inflammation, and cancer. However, further research on other subspecies is required to confirm additional applications. Well-designed preclinical and clinical trials are still necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of wild Daucus carota for human use.

Topic: Plant chemical constituents analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ValidaÃÃo do modelo mesoscÃpico de trÃfego do scoot para o desenvolvimento de redes viÃrias urbanas microssimuladas

One of the main difficulties in the development of urban traffic microsimulation models is the collection of traffic data for calibration and validation. However, the city of Fortaleza has an important mesosimulation tool that, in addition to controlling urban traffic in real time, estimates traffic variables: the well-known SCOOT system. This system, implemented in cities around the world, controls and estimates traffic in the densest urban area of Fortaleza, based on the continuous detection of vehicle occupation on its more than 900 detectors spread throughout the city. However, because these data are simulated, they require validation before being used. The main aim of this work was to develop and implement a methodology to validate the mesoscopic simulation model of SCOOT, so its data can be used in the development of traffic microsimulation models, having as a case-study the system operating in Fortaleza. Based on experiments, the effects of two factors in the estimation error were investigated: the calibration of the parameter SATO, and the average travel time between the loop detector and the stop-bar. The results show that these two factors affect the quality of the prediction of volume, delay and number of vehicle-stops. These results contribute with a validation methodology that allows a better use of the data provided by SCOOT.

Topic: Hemiptera Insect Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Measuring &lt;em&gt;In Vitro&lt;/em&gt; ATPase Activity for Enzymatic Characterization

Adenosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes, or ATPases, play a critical role in a diverse array of cellular functions. These dynamic proteins can generate energy for mechanical work, such as protein trafficking and degradation, solute transport, and cellular movements. The protocol described here is a basic assay for measuring the in vitro activity of purified ATPases for functional characterization. Proteins hydrolyze ATP in a reaction that results in inorganic phosphate release, and the amount of phosphate liberated is then quantitated using a colorimetric assay. This highly adaptable protocol can be adjusted to measure ATPase activity in kinetic or endpoint assays. A representative protocol is provided here based on the activity and requirements of EpsE, the AAA+ ATPase involved in Type II Secretion in the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The amount of purified protein needed to measure activity, length of the assay and the timing and number of sampling intervals, buffer and salt composition, temperature, co-factors, stimulants (if any), etc. may vary from those described here, and thus some optimization may be necessary. This protocol provides a basic framework for characterizing ATPases and can be performed quickly and easily adjusted as necessary.

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Pheromone Analysis Using Capillary Gas Chromatographic Techniques

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thyroid dysfunction in newborns and infants living in an iodine-deficient area.

The region of Southern Poland is known as an iodine-deficient area. Iodine prophylaxis was discontinued in 1980/81. This fact was discovered as a result of the introduction of newborn mass screening for congenital hypothyroidism in 1985. In view of the large number of newly detected cases of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), we compared the neonatal populations of the Cracow and Nowy Sacz provinces. The prevalence of IDD was revealed as eight times higher in Nowy Sacz than in Cracow. The iodine urine excretion rates in those two provinces were similar. The paper discusses the cause of the discrepancy in IDD incidence. The final results show that the iodine deficiency detected in the Cracow and Nowy Sacz provinces is of moderate degree. Salt iodination in the region of southern Poland needs a new approach even before the year 2000, as planned in the WHO program.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Effects of wearing a mask on oxygenation of subjects with spontaneous breathing during supplementary oxygen through facemask].

During the COVID-19 epidemic, our national guidelines have suggested that surgical patients should wear a mask to decrease the potential transmission of COVID-19 in the operating room, as long as the condition allows. However, so far, there is no study to discuss the influence of wearing a mask on the ventilation and blood oxygenation status in patients of spontaneous breathing with supplementary oxygen through an anesthetic facemask. This is a before-after study in the same patient, and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited, by testing the arterial blood gas parameters at key time points before and after oxygen inhalation to evaluate the effects of two different supplementary oxygen methods ('disposable medical mask + anesthetic facemask' and 'anesthetic facemask only') on the oxygenation of subjects. Our data demonstrated whether wearing a disposable medical mask or not could effectively increase the oxygen supply of the subjects compared with the basic value before oxygen inhalation; however, compared with the group without mask, the arterial oxygen partial (PaO <sub>2</sub>) reduced significantly at each time points when subjects wearing a disposable medical mask. There was no significant difference in other parameters, and our data showed that age growth and smoking had no significant effects on the difference of PaO <sub>2</sub> between the groups with and without masks. This study demonstrates effective oxygen supplementation through anesthetic facemask in subjects with spontaneous breathing who is wearing a disposable medical mask, whose pulse oxygen saturation and arterial oxygen saturation can reach 100% rapidly, and this provides a theoretical basis for the management of patients with disseminated respiratory diseases to wear masks in the operating room; however, the rate and amount of PaO <sub>2</sub> increase are both decreased as compared to those who is not wearing a disposable medical mask during supplementary oxygenation. Whether this difference will affect the clinical outcome needs further study.

Topic: Infection Control and Ventilation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sotalol-Induced Beta Blockade in Cardiac Patients

Sotalol (MJ 1999), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent found to have no significant intrinsic myocardial depressant effects, was administered intravenously to 20 patients with heart disease. Eight of the patients had clinical and hemodynamic evidence of chronic heart failure. Doses ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mg/kg. In all studies, heart rate decreased significantly, accompanied by comparable decreases in cardiac index and tension-time index. There were, however, no significant changes in stroke index, mean blood pressure, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure—even in those patients with advanced heart failure, indicating that the changes noted were primarily rate-related and could not be ascribed to myocardial depression. To confirm this, further studies were performed in which heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing in normal and catecholamine-depleted dogs. Sotalol, at doses much higher than the minimal beta-blocking dose, did not change stroke index, blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or estimated maximal velocity of isotonic shortening (V max ), confirming that myocardial contractility was unaffected. It is concluded that sotalol-induced beta blockade had no observable myocardial depressant action in dogs or adverse hemodynamic effects in cardiac patients, even when advanced chronic heart failure was present.

Topic: Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research article The effects of riparian habitat quality and biological water quality on the European Otter (Lutra lutra) in Devon

After a period of decline, European Otter (Lutra lutra) populations are showing signs of recovery throughout the UK. Populations in Devon are thought to be almost fully recovered, although exact numbers are unknown; however, there are still rivers within Devon that do not appear to support Otter populations. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between environmental condition and the presence of Otters by comparing the quality of riparian habitat of rivers with and without evidence of Otters. The research was undertaken in four rivers in Devon, the Rivers Culm, Ken, Coly and Otter: the first two being river stretches with no docu- mented evidence of Otter populations, and the latter two having documented evidence of Otter populations. Along each of the rivers, 10 sections of 50 m were sampled. In each section, the riparian habitat quality was recorded using the Qualitat del Bosc de Riberia index. The biological water quality was determined by calculating Biological Monitoring Water Party scores, and water chemical concentrations were obtained from Environment Agency data. The riparian habitat quality and biological water quality were found to be of significantly lower quality in the river stretches that did not have evidence of Otter populations when compared with those with Otter populations. The chemical water quality was correlated to biological water quality: the quality being worse in the rivers without evidence of Otter populations. The results of this research suggest that rivers with no evidence of Otter populations are generally of worse riparian quality than those supporting Otter populations.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Light Rail Traffic Noise Assessment in a Metropolitan Area

The growth in the utilization and development of rail transport within urban networks is crucial for transitioning towards a more sustainable form of mobility. However, challenges related to discomfort and noise pollution arising from rail traffic must be addressed and mitigated to foster a harmonious coexistence between residents and trains. This study focuses on analyzing an experimental campaign conducted on the surface metropolitan network of Porto to study and identify the frequency content and pressure levels associated with light rail traffic. The presented experimental campaign holds significant relevance as it comprises various and distinct circulation conditions within the railway network, enabling a comprehensive characterization of railway noise. The collected data indicates a noticeable increase in sound pressure levels as the speed of circulation rises, particularly emphasizing the 1/3 octave band centered around 1000 Hz. The choice of tracks with components having a limited capacity for absorbing acoustic energy leads to a significant rise in noise levels compared to track solutions with elements exhibiting excellent acoustic energy absorption. Furthermore, the study highlights a substantial increase in noise levels (10 dBA) associated with small radius curves, even at low speeds. These findings underscore the importance of considering the track characteristics and geometric features in noise assessment within rail networks. Therefore, the insights gained from this experimental campaign contribute significantly to the understanding and comprehensive characterization of railway noise under diverse circulation conditions within the railway network.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Research on Development Countermeasures of Prefabricated Buildings in Chongqing Based on SWOT Analysis

Abstract The development of prefabricated building is a transformation of the traditional construction mode, a new cut-in point for the sustainable development of the construction industry, and can promote the supply-side structural reform of the construction industry in China. As an important city in the development of the western region, the development and promotion of prefabricated buildings in Chongqing has played an exemplary role for other cities. Therefore, this research provides a certain degree of theoretical exploration and practical application. In this paper, SWOT analysis is used to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of the prefabricated building, and to gain a full understanding of the development conditions of the prefabricated building. On this basis, the paper summarizes the four major constraints on the development of prefabricated building, including policy factors, economic factors, technological factors and industrial factors, and analyzes the weight of these constraints, in view of each restriction factor proposed the corresponding solution countermeasure.

Topic: Strategic Planning and Analysis
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Streptococcus tigurinus, a Novel Member of the Streptococcus mitis Group, Causes Invasive Infections

ABSTRACT We recently described the novel species Streptococcus tigurinus sp. nov. belonging to the Streptococcus mitis group. The type strain AZ_3a T of S. tigurinus was originally isolated from a patient with infective endocarditis. According to its phenotypic and molecular characteristics, S. tigurinus is most closely related to Streptococcus mitis , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae , Streptococcus oralis , and Streptococcus infantis . Accurate identification of S. tigurinus is facilitated by 16S rRNA gene analysis. We retrospectively analyzed our 16S rRNA gene molecular database, which contains sequences of all clinical samples obtained in our institute since 2003. We detected 17 16S rRNA gene sequences which were assigned to S. tigurinus , including sequences from the 3 S. tigurinus strains described previously. S. tigurinus originated from normally sterile body sites, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or heart valves, of 14 patients and was initially detected by culture or broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR, followed by sequencing. The 14 patients had serious invasive infections, i.e., infective endocarditis ( n = 6), spondylodiscitis ( n = 3), bacteremia ( n = 2), meningitis ( n = 1), prosthetic joint infection ( n = 1), and thoracic empyema ( n = 1). To evaluate the presence of Streptococcus tigurinus in the endogenous oral microbial flora, we screened saliva specimens of 31 volunteers. After selective growth, alpha-hemolytic growing colonies were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and subsequent molecular methods. S. tigurinus was not identified among 608 strains analyzed. These data indicate that S. tigurinus is not widely distributed in the oral cavity. In conclusion, S. tigurinus is a novel agent of invasive infections, particularly infective endocarditis.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Intermedin promotes vessel fusion by inducing VE‐cadherin accumulation at potential fusion sites and to achieve a dynamic balance between VE‐cadherin‐complex dissociation/reconstitution

Abstract To create a closed vascular system, angiogenic sprouts must meet and connect in a process called vessel fusion, which is a prerequisite for establishment of proper blood flow in nascent vessels. However, the molecular machinery underlying this process remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that intermedin (IMD), a calcitonin family member, promotes vessel fusion by inducing endothelial cells (ECs) to enter a “ready‐to‐anchor” state. IMD promotes vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) accumulation at the potential fusion site to facilitate anchoring of approaching vessels to each other. Simultaneously, IMD fine‐tunes VEC activity to achieve a dynamic balance between VEC complex dissociation and reconstitution in order to widen the anastomotic point. IMD induces persistent VEC phosphorylation. Internalized phospho‐VEC preferentially binds to Rab4 and Rab11, which facilitate VEC vesicle recycling back to the cell‐cell contact for reconstruction of the VEC complex. This novel mechanism may explain how neovessels contact and fuse to adjacent vessels to create a closed vascular system.

Topic: Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Constraining New Physics at the&#13;\nLHC

We analyse constraints that can be placed on CP-violating operators in the dimension-six Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We consider the associated production of a Higgs boson and a photon in weak boson fusion. We construct an asymmetry in a CP-sensitive observable which we use to analyse the sensitivity of this channel to possible CP violation. Additionally, we constrain CP-violating charged and neutral anomalous triple gauge couplings with diboson and VBF $Vjj$ production at the LHC. We analyse charged triple gauge couplings in the dimension-six Standard Model Effective Field Theory using asymmetries to place constraints of CP-violating Wilson coefficients. For neutral triple gauge couplings we present bounds in terms of a general anomalous coupling framework using high energy transverse momentum bins. Finally, we consider next-to-leading order electroweak virtual corrections to $W$+jets production at the LHC. We investigate the ability of a neural network to learn electroweak $k$-factors for partonic channels with two, three and four final partons.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences