jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LHD 10-AD25-Div01 #166681.1 (analyzed)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (898,158) - (1014,420) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.

Topic: Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pulmonary complications of isoxsuprine therapy in the gravida.

The potential association of intravenous isoxsuprine therapy for premature labor with pulmonary edema and an adult respiratory distress syndrome is demonstrated by 6 patients, 3 of whom became critically ill. While other tocolytic agents have been associated with pulmonary edema, most commonly when used in combination with glucocorticoids, this is the first report of maternal pulmonary complications from isoxsuprine therapy, both with and without associated glucocorticoid administration. A case of right middle lobe pneumonia that bore a temporal proximity to maternal isoxsuprine and betamethasone therapy is also presented. No explanation of these associations is offered. All these cases occurred in 1977. The utilization of isoxsuprine at the authors' institution has not changed since then, either in frequency or protocol, nor has the drug formulation been changed, yet no comparable complications have been seen since. This phenomenon is not understood.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spatial and temporal distribution of the annual parasite incidence of malaria in Brazil: a case study of Acre between 2003 and 2017

Malaria is a public health problem in Brazil. This study aims at analyzing the number of cases and the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of malaria in Brazil, which was calculated using the number of cases and the population data. Special attention was placed on the State of Acre within the time interval between 2003 and 2017. 4,647,102 malaria cases were registered in the Brazilian Legal Amazon between 2003 and 2017, which represents 99.99% of the total number of national cases. The API of malaria decreased in the Brazilian Legal Amazon over that period. Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Acre were the States with the highest number of occurrences. Among these States, only Acre showed an increasing trend in the number of cases in 2017 when compared to the infection cases reported in 2003. Three municipalities of this State, Cruzeiro do Sul, Mâncio Lima and Rodrigues Alves, represented most of the total number of cases from the State and had an increase in the number of cases in the period. Transmission does not occur homogeneously in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. This study is important for the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the malaria occurrences at Acre.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biobased functional coatings for cellulosic substrates

Cellulosic substrates, as renewable and recyclable&#13;\nitems, are highly used in the packaging and&#13;\npersonal care field. However, to expand their use&#13;\nand improve their properties, the application of a&#13;\nfunctional coating improving the barrier to oxygen,&#13;\nwater vapour of the substrate is fundamental&#13;\nin packaing applications. Moreover, to confer&#13;\nanti-microbial/anti-oxidant properties to substrates&#13;\naddressed to personal care applications&#13;\ncan be really usefull. This coating should be biobased&#13;\nand not affecting the end-of life of the final&#13;\npackaging or personal care product (recycling&#13;\nand/or composting). Several coatings were proposed&#13;\nbased on biopolymers like proteins, chitin&#13;\nor cutin [1].&#13;\nChitin is a very abundant polymer available from&#13;\ncrustaceans exoscheletons (sea food waste), from&#13;\ninsects or from mushrooms. It can be converted&#13;\nto chitin nanofibrils or chitosan on the basis of&#13;\nthe adopted process. Chitin nanofibrils (CN) and&#13;\nchitosan based coatings can confer to cellulosic&#13;\nboard anti-microbial properties, so they can be&#13;\nconsidered as functional coatings for increasing&#13;\nthe shelf life of packaging for fresh food [2], but&#13;\nalso as anti-microbial/skin-regenerative additives&#13;\nfor applications considering the contact with human&#13;\nskin [3].&#13;\nWe report the results related to the application of&#13;\nchitin derivatives to several cellulosic substrates&#13;\nwith different thickness and mechanical properties.&#13;\nCellulosic board and tissue will be compared&#13;\nnot only in terms of the capacity of chitin nanofibrils&#13;\nto confer anti-microbial properties, but&#13;\nalso considering their impact onto mechanical&#13;\nproperties.&#13;\nThe application of these functional biopolymers&#13;\nto cellulosic substrates could occur by using both&#13;\nliquid or solid coatings [1], that can be prepared&#13;\nby peculiar polymer processing methodologies.&#13;\nAll these possibilities could represent valid alternatives&#13;\nto fossil coatings in the future.

Topic: Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hypercoagulable States in Vascular Surgery

The purpose of this study was to identify patients with predisposing risk factors signaling further workup for the presence of hypercoagulable states before performance of arterial reconstruction. In patients so identified, specific methods were used to promote the patency of the arterial reconstruction during the postoperative period. Fourteen patients were identified with 16 coagulation defects, and in them, 19 arterial reconstructions (some bilateral) were performed. Most of the reconstructions have remained patent with or without revision.

Topic: Aortic aneurysm repair treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The relation of parasite density of Microplitis rufiventris Kok. (Hym., Braconidae) to superparasitism and fate of its eggs

Abstract The population of supernumerary parasite progeny of Microplitis rufiventris inside Spodoptera littoralis larvae was studied under different ratios of parasite‐host density. At constant population of host larvae and various levels of parasite density, the regression coefficient revealed that an increase of 0.78% in parasite eggs was found with the increase of every unit population of M. rufiventris. An inverse density‐dependent action of the latter was obtained under various density of S. littoralis larvae at constant population of the parasite. The regression coefficient indicates that for a unit increase in host density 0.06% fall in the number of parasite eggs/host larva was achived. A fraction of supernumerary parasite progeny was found to be eliminated during the egg‐stage. Elimination magnitude of the latter increased with the increase of supernumerary parasite population and vice versa Zusammenfassung Beziehungen zwischen Superparasitismus, Parasitendichte und Schicksal der Eier von Microplitis rufiventris Kok. in Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.‐Larven Es wurde die Population überzähliger Nachkommen von M. rufiventris in S. littoralis ‐Larven bei verschiedenen Parasit/Wirt‐Dichterelationen untersucht. Bei konstanter Population von Wirtslarven und verschiedener Parasitendichte zeigt der Regressions‐Koeffizient, daß die Zunahme des Parasiten um eine Populations‐Einheit mit der Zunahme der Parasiteneier um 0,78% verbunden war. Bei verschiedener Wirtslarvendichte und konstanter Parasiten‐Population wurde eine umgekehrt dichteabhängige Aktion des Parasiten beobachtet. Der Regressions‐Koeffizient zeigte, daß mit der Zunahme der Wirtsdichte um eine Einheit die Zahl der Parasiteneier pro Wirtslarve um 0,06% abnahm. Ein Teil der überzähligen Parasitennachkommen wurde während des Eistadiums eliminiert. Der Umfang dieser Eliminierung stieg mit der Zunahme der überzähligen Parasiten und umgekehrt.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of the antimicrobial activities of roselle calyx extracts and chemical sanitizers directly onto contaminated cucumbers

Cucumbers are associated with foodborne disease caused by Salmonella. Fruits and vegetables in restaurants and homes in Mexico are disinfected using sodium hypochlorite and colloidal silver solution. However, a number of studies show that chemical agents used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria have a limited antimicrobial effect. Previous studies show that roselle calyx extracts have antimicrobial effects. Therefore, the present study examined the attachment of 14 foodborne bacteria to whole cucumber in the presence of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, and colloidal silver. Cucumbers were inoculated with 14 bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Montevideo, Salmonella Choleraesuis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, non-O157:H7-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, and Vibrio cholerae O1. The antibacterial effect of four roselle calyx extracts (in water, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) and some chemical sanitisers including sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid were then examined. All foodborne bacteria successfully attached to cucumber. The acetonic and methanolic roselle extracts caused a greater reduction (up to 4 log cfu in some cases) in the concentration of all foodborne bacteria than sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid. Thus, roselle calyx extracts may be a potentially useful disinfectant for cucumbers in the field, in processing plants, and in restaurants and homes.

Topic: Hibiscus Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Relationship between ethanol tolerance, lipid composition and plasma membrane fluidity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata

The lipid composition of a strain of each of two yeasts, Saccharomyces csrevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata, with different ethanol tolerances, was determined for cells grown with or without added ethanol. An increase in the proportion of ergosterol, unsaturated fatty acid levels and the maintenance of phospholipid biosynthesis seemed to be responsible for ethanol tolerance. The association of ethanol tolerance of yeast cells with plasma membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescence anisotropy, is discussed. We propose that an increase in plasma membrane fluidity may be correlated with a decrease in the sterol: phospholipid and sterol: protein ratios and an increase in unsaturation index.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Root-specific secondary metabolism at the single-cell level: a case study of theanine metabolism and regulation in the roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

Abstract Root-synthesized secondary metabolites are critical quality-conferring compounds of foods, plant-derived medicines, and beverages. However, information at a single-cell level on root-specific secondary metabolism remains largely unexplored. L-theanine, an important quality component of tea, is primarily synthesized in roots, from which it is then transported to new shoots of tea plant. In this study, we present a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)-derived map for the tea plant root, which enabled cell-type-specific analysis of glutamate and ethylamine (two precursors of theanine biosynthesis) metabolism, and theanine biosynthesis, storage, and transport. Our findings support a model in which the theanine biosynthesis pathway occurs via multicellular compartmentation and does not require high co-expression levels of transcription factors and their target genes within the same cell cluster. This study provides novel insights into theanine metabolism and regulation, at the single-cell level, and offers an example for studying root-specific secondary metabolism in other plant systems.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Primary structure and possible origin of the non-glycosylated basic proline-rich protein of human submandibular/sublingual saliva

Human submandibular/sublingual saliva contains one non-glycosylated basic proline-rich protein whereas parotid saliva contains multiple such components. The submandibular protein has a primary structure identical with the C-terminal segment [TZ] of the human parotid acidic proline-rich proteins that contain 150 amino acid residues (Mr 16,000). Northern-blot analyses of human parotid and submandibular glands revealed that mRNAs containing the HaeIII repeat sequence typical for acidic proline-rich proteins are expressed in both of these salivary glands whereas mRNAs for non-glycosylated basic proline-rich proteins containing a typical BstN1 repeat sequence are expressed in the parotid but not in the submandibular gland. Products of translation in vitro of mRNAs from human parotid and submandibular glands were also examined. Two immunoprecipitable bands with Mr 29,000 and 28,000 were obtained by translation of both parotid and submandibular mRNA. In the presence of microsomal membranes these proteins gave rise to proteins electrophoretically identical with the secreted acidic proline-rich proteins of Mr 16,000. These proteins were cleaved by kallikrein, giving rise to proteins with electrophoretic mobilities identical with those of a smaller acidic proline-rich protein with Mr 11,000 and peptide TZ. Additional immunoprecipitable bands with Mr ranging from 35,000 to 46,000 were seen when parotid mRNA was used for translation in vitro, and are believed to be precursors of the basic proline-rich proteins encoded by the BstN1 repeat type mRNA. Neither these bands nor a separate precursor for the basic non-glycosylated proline-rich protein was detected when submandibular mRNA was used for translation in vitro. It is suggested that the non-glycosylated basic proline-rich protein present in human submandibular saliva arises by cleavage of acidic proline-rich proteins.

Topic: Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow around stream deflectors: The effect of obstruction angle and length

Fish habitat rehabilitation projects often use paired stream deflectors to increase bed shear stress and maintain a deep pool. Many of these projects have been unsuccessful, mainly because of the lack of knowledge of the complex three-dimensional (3D) flow dynamics created by the deflectors. A 3D numerical model was used to simulate the flow field around stream deflectors in a laboratory flume. Predicted velocities were successfully evaluated against laboratory measurements. Deflectors ranging from contraction ratios of 0.1 -0.35 oriented to flow at angles of 30-150° were used for the simulations. Results show that the upstream dynamic pressure maximum, upstream flow separation distance, upstream downwelling extent, and total downwelling distance all increase with deflector angles. However, local minimum dynamic pressure, nose velocity amplification, downstream downwelling extent, and flow contraction width are maximized at angles closer to 90°. In general, maximum downwelling magnitudes increase for longer deflectors, with the greatest values being found for the 135° deflectors. Increasing the length of the deflectors tends to amplify most of the flow parameters. These findings have important implications for the design of paired deflectors in fish habitat rehabilitation projects where the objective is to maximize the pool size downstream of the obstructions.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Insulation for Crash Fire Protection of New Flight Recorders

The work performed under this project involved the evaluation of flight recorder insulation arrangements relative to their ability to provide thermal protection for record tapes under conditions of crash fire. The evaluation encompassed fire testing four different types of insulation arrangements in accordance with three different time-temperature fire environments. It was found that a combination of high-temperature insulation and a heat sink material employing water as the heat absorber provided the best protection for the record tapes when exposed to a realistic severe thermal environment.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting the Future of Genetic Risk Profiling of Glaucoma

Advances in glaucoma genetics have opened the door for risk stratification based on genetic risk predictions. The PRS approach has shown good promise in predicting who will be at highest risk of POAG, which could improve outcomes if these predictions can be acted on to result in improved clinical outcomes.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preoperative portal vein embolization with a mixture of gelatin sponge and iodized oil: efficacy and safety

Purpose: To evaluate whether portal vein embolization (PVE) using a mixture of gelatin sponge (GS) pieces and iodized oil is safe and effective in inducing hypertrophy of the future liver remnants (FLR). Material and Methods: PVE was performed in 14 patients (eight male and six female, mean age 65 years, range 35–81 years) diagnosed with malignant liver tumor before surgery, whose FLR volumes were judged too small to allow for safe resection. Liver volume change, biochemical data change, complications related to PVE, and postoperative complications were retrospectively evaluated. Results: PVE was successful in all patients, and there were no procedural complications. Absolute FLR volume and FLR/total liver volume (TLV) ratio increased by 102 cm 3 and 8% (mean values), respectively. Planned hepatectomies were cancelled in three patients due to extrahepatic metastasis or bile duct infection. Five of the 11 patients (45%) who underwent hepatectomies had major postoperative complications. However, complications due to hepatic failure were not seen. In 10 patients, except one whose outcome was fatal outcome, the mean hospitalization days with and without major complications were 73 and 33 days, respectively. Conclusion: PVE using a mixture of GS and iodized oil seems to be effective and safe in inducing hypertrophy of the FLR.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a New Series of Agricultural/Food Reference Materials for Analytical Quality Control of Elemental Determinations

Abstract Ten new Agricultural/Food Reference Materials — Bovine Muscle Powder (National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST], code NIST RM 8414), Whole Egg Powder (NIST RM 8415), Microcrystalline Cellulose (NIST RM 8416), Wheat Gluten (NIST RM 8418), Corn Starch (NIST RM 8432), Corn Bran (NIST RM 8433), Whole Milk Powder (NIST RM 8435), Durum Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8436), Hard Red Spring Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8437) and Soft Winter Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8438) — were prepared by application of milling, irradiation, sieving, blending, and packaging procedures. Excellent material homogeneity was found for virtually all major, minor, and trace elements of interest. The reference materials were characterized with respect to elemental composition via an extensive international, interlaboratory characterization (certification) campaign. Chemical analyses conducted in 73 cooperating laboratories applying 13 major classes of independently different analytical methods led to 278 concentration values for 34 nutritionally, toxicologically, and environmentally pertinent elements. A total of 213 best-estimate and 65 informational concentration values are available for Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, CI, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, W, and Zn. These products make a substantial contribution to the existing world repertoire of biological reference materials with respect to natural matrix and elemental composition. They are expected to be useful to analysts for quality control of analytical data. Applications include evaluations of analytical methods and instruments used in nutritional, toxicological, monitory, regulatory, environmental, agricultural, and other investigations. These products are available to the analytical community from the Standard Reference Materials Program, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ephebodontics: Camouflaged Pediatric Dentistry

The transitional period between puberty and maturity is known as adolescence.Due to hormonal changes during this age, teenagers undergo a lot of physical, emotional, and psychological changes.There is a variety of oral afflictions that are seen during adolescence.Behaviors related to peer pressure, substance abuse, bad oral habits make dental management a challenge in this age.This article discusses the dental problems commonly seen in adolescents and the preventive methods available for the same.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rapid Prototyping of Solid Three-Dimensional Parts

Several new technologies collectively referred to as solid freeform fabrication have been developed in the last decade for use in the rapid prototyping of solid three dimensional parts. These include stereolithography, photosolidification, solid ground curing, 3D printing, fused deposition modeling, ballistic particle manufacturing, selective laser sintering, laminated object manufacturing, and shape deposition manufacturing. The prototypes they produce serve as physical models during design review, allow engineers to perform functional testing of parts, and are often used as mold patterns or positives for secondary tooling to manufacture small batch sizes. This paper describes the technologies used by each of these processes, and compares their strengths and limitations. Rapid Prototyping of Solid Three-Dimensional Parts Copyright c fl 1995 by Sara Anne McMains Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Photopolymer Solidification Approaches 2 2.1 Stereolithography : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ...

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences