jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN USING ENGLISH PAST TENSE: A LOOK FROM TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

This study aims at investigating junior high school students’ errors in using English past tense in their English compositions. The subjects of this study were 8th-grade students in a junior high school in North Bali. This study employed descriptive qualitative research which describes the error that was produced by EFL learners. There were four steps in collecting the data namely, asking the students to watch a video, telling them to write recount text through guided writing, collecting the learners' writing, identifying the students' errors in writing past tense, and classifying the errors. The data were analysed using Corder's framework to classify students' errors. The study revealed that there were nine types of errors produces by EFL learners. The errors are applying Indonesian syntactic pattern, using Indonesian acronym, omitting the plural marker -s, adding plural marker -s in a singular form, deleting BE, using incorrect word choice, adding articles, overgeneralising, and using incorrect word order. The errors show that the students tend to use their native language structure in composing the English past tense. Hence, the errors made by students and acknowledged by teachers should be addressed immediately by implementing appropriate strategies and materials to enhance learning. Furthermore, this study can be conducted for further research with different subjects as well as references for applied linguistics courses.

Topic: Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effect of Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and E-WOM on Purchase Decision in Shopee E-commerce

&lt;span&gt;This study aims to examine the effect of Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) partially and simultaneously on Purchase Decisions in Shopee e-commerce. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data sources collected through questionnaires. The data sample used was 125 respondents from the Management Study Program FEB-UMM (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Malang) as Shopee consumers. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling using the purposive sampling method which gives certain criteria to respondents. In analyzing the data of this study using multiple linear regression analysis tools. The results of this study are Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and E-WOM have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decision partially, and simultaneously have a significant effect on Purchase Decision&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;in Shopee e-commerce.&lt;/span&gt;

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Roles of Nb on the oxidation characteristics and oxide scale evolution of Fe‐25Cr‐35Ni‐2.5Al‐<i><sub>X</sub></i>Nb alloys at 1000°C and 1100°C

Abstract The oxidation characteristics of Fe‐25Cr‐35Ni‐2.5Al‐ X Nb (0, 0.6, and 1.2 wt%) alumina‐forming austenitic alloys at 1000°C and 1100°C in air were investigated. Results show that Nb has an important effect on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance. A bilayer oxide scale with a Cr 2 O 3 ‐rich outer layer and Al 2 O 3 ‐rich internal layer forms on the surface of the Nb‐free alloy and exhibits a poor oxidation resistance at 1000°C and 1100°C. With Nb addition, both the 0.6Nb‐addition and 1.2Nb‐addition alloys exhibit better oxidation resistance at 1000°C. Because of the third element effect, Nb addition reduces the critical Al content and forms a single external protective Al 2 O 3 scale, which greatly improves the oxidation resistance. After oxidation at 1100°C, niobium oxides (mainly Nb 2 O 5 ) are formed on the surface of the 1.2Nb‐addition alloy and destroy the integrity of the Al 2 O 3 scale, which causes the formation of Cr‐rich oxide nodules and eventually develops to be a loose bilayer oxide scale with NiCr 2 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 outer layers and Al 2 O 3 inner layer.

Topic: High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using AHP Method for Making a Decision on How the Management of Sewage Sludge in the Northern Croatia

By 2018, in Croatia, the agglomerations for collecting the sewage and water treatment systems are going to be constructed. All devices will be based on the mechanical-biological method of purification. However, the work of water treatment system produces a problem of sludge management. The paper presents the challenges of wastewater sludge handling and makes a decision on further sludge management. The hierarchical model of the decision making problem by defining the goal, criteria and alternative solutions is developed. On each level of the hierarchical model the elements of the model are compared with each other in pairs, and the preferences are expressed by using the Saaty’s scale. Moreover, the APH model compares the alternative pairs (thermal processing, deposition on agricultural land, disposal to waste repositories and composting) among each others. The intensities and weight preferences of one alternative over another are selected within the required criteria (economic, environmental, organisational and sociological).

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of ovule position on seed maturation and seed weight in Ulex europaeus and U. gallii (Fabaceae).

We examined the effect of ovule position within the pod on the probability of seed maturation and on seed weight in two woody legumes, Ulex europaeus and Ulex gallii. Results showed that ovule position had a significant effect on the probability of seed maturation in both species. Ovules in a central position were found to have a higher probability of maturation in U. europaeus, whereas those in a stylar position were favored in U. gallii. Ulex europaeus showed no effect of position on seed weight. The smallest seed within the pod was more frequently at stylar positions in U. gallii. These results might be explained by several non-exclusive hypotheses: time of fertilization, constraints on seed development (e.g., fruit shape and access to maternal resources), and genetic quality. The effects of seed weight on progeny performance estimated as probability of germination and seedling weight were tested in a laboratory experiment. Neither U. europaeus nor U. gallii exhibited any effect of seed weight on the probability of germination. However, seedling weight was dependent on seed weight in both species.

Topic: Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Variability components and heritability of pomological and chemical characteristics in sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency

In 12 sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency 5 pomological (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit stem length) and 4 chemical characteristics (soluble solid content, total acid content, invert sugar content and total sugar content) were investigated. Based on results of analysis of variance for all examined characteristics, variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Considering components of total variability, year represented the component that caused variability of majority examined characteristics in the highest percentage. Coefficients of genetic variation showed that in investigated clones total acid content varied the least (CVg = 1.79%), and the most fruit weight (CVg = 11.41%). The lowest phenotypic varying was determined for fruit length (CVf = 4.01%) but the highest for fruit weight (CVf = 13.86%). Coefficient of heritability was the highest for stone weight (h2 = 70.27%), and the lowest for total acid content (h2 = 7.73%).

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Planktonic viruses, heterotrophic bacteria, and nanoflagellates in fresh and coastal marine waters of the Kara Sea Basin (the Arctic)

In August–September 2009, the concentration of dissolved organic matter and quantitative distribution of virioplankton, bacterioplankton, and heterotrophic nanoflagellates were studied in the coastal waters of the Kara Sea, the fresh waters of the islands and the coasts of the sea, and the estuaries of the Ob' and Yenisei rivers. A high positive correlation was observed between the abundances of viruses and bacteria. The frequency of visibly infected bacteria in marine waters ranged from 0.6 to 4.3% (an average of 1.6%); in the fresh waters of islands and coastline and in estuaries, it ranged from 0.3 to 3.9% (an average of 1.5%) and from 0.5 to 1.6% (an average of 1.1%) respectively. In most surveyed water bodies, the role of viruses in bacterioplankton mortality was considerably higher than that of heterotrophic flagellates.

Topic: Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluating the Prognosis of Surgical Treatment in Atypical Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-A Study Based on Ictal Onset Patterns and Extratemporal Early Propagations on Stereo-Electroencephalography

Purpose: Our aim is to examine ictal onset patterns (IOPs), extratemporal early propagations (EPs) and inner relationship between them based on stereo-electroencephalography recordings in the patients with atypical temporal lobe epilepsy, and to evaluate their impact on seizure prognosis and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery. Methods: Forty-three patients were included in this retrospective study. Five to sixteen multilead electrodes were implanted per patient. All of them underwent a standard craniotomy for tailored resection of the hypothetical epileptogenic zone. Post-operative seizure status and cognitive outcomes were evaluated by Engle’s classification, Wechsler intelligence and Wechsler memory scale. Results: Four types of IOPs were identified in the 43 patients. The patients with low frequency highamplitude periodic spikes (LFPS) and spike or poly-spike fast discharges (SpFD) had better seizure outcomes. There were ten patients with extratemporal EPs, who had worse clinical outcomes than those without extratemporal EPs (Engel’s class I: χ2 =10.689, p=0.001; Engel’s class Ia: χ2 =4.251, p=0.039). Three conditions related to IOPs and extratemporal EPs were combined to predict the seizure prognosis after operation. The sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 78.6% for Engel’s class I, and were 87.0% and 55.0% for Engel’s class Ia. The patients with LFPS showed more significant improvement in memory quotient (MQ) but not in full intelligence quotient (FIQ) than those with other IOPs. Conclusions: IOPs and extratemporal EPs are closely related to seizure status and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery in atypical TLE patients.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Robotic Automation of the Turbo-Propeller Engine Blade Grinding Process

Robotic automation of industrial processes in terms of the adaptation of the robot path to changing external conditions has recently been one of the main subjects of research and implementation studies. The presented study involved trailing plane grinding the turbine blades. The suggested automated station comprises an IRB 140 robot handling the processed element, grinding tool and an IRB 1600 robot with a 3D scanning head installed. The presented robotic automation solutions may be used for finishing operations on blades constituting elements of aircraft engines, power generating turbines and wind turbines.

Topic: Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Device for the Collection of 14Co2 from House Fly Larvae1 Reared Aseptically on a Synthetic Diet2

Journal Article A Device for the Collection of 14Co2 from House Fly Larvae Reared Aseptically on a Synthetic Diet Get access R. E. Monroe, R. E. Monroe Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. L. Leyrer R. L. Leyrer Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 66, Issue 2, 15 March 1973, Pages 476–478, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/66.2.476 Published: 15 March 1973 Article history Received: 24 August 1972 Published: 15 March 1973

Topic: Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of Cassia grandis galactomannan on the properties of sponge cakes: a substitute for fat

Here we have proposed to evaluate potential replacers of fat in sponge cake formulations. Our investigation consisted initially of monitoring the physical-chemical changes in sponge cake batters caused by gradually replacing the vegetable fat/margarine of a control sample (standard sponge cake recipe) with galactomannan extracted from the seeds of Cassia grandis. Several samples were prepared where a 100% concentration of vegetable fat was substituted with galactomannan in different concentrations. We then compared both microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of pure fat cake batter formulations and formulations with controlled fat/galactomannan mixtures. At this first stage, rheometry and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the rheological features and air bubble distribution in the batters. In the second stage, the effects of fat substitution with galactomannan, now for the final baked cakes, were also monitored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and standard sensorial tests were performed in order to correlate the final color, texture, and taste characteristics of the final sponge cake and those characteristics obtained initially for the batter. According to the statistical analysis of the data, a 75% fat replacement with galactomannan at only 1.0% concentration was achieved, while successfully maintaining surface microstructure, sensory acceptance, and rheological behavior similar to the original formulation containing only fat. Regarding vegetable fat substitution with galactomannan, our results allow us to conclude that rheometry and bubble distribution tests on the initial batters are useful indicators of the final cake quality.

Topic: Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist (p425) ameliorates kidney histopathological and functional changes in diabetic rats

Abstract Introduction: It is hypothesized that increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression may contribute to diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the renal effects of MIF inhibition in a diabetic experimental model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g) were divided into three groups: 1) control, 2) diabetic (STZ, 50 mg/kg, dissolved in saline, ip), 3) diabetic + MIF antagonist (p425, 1 mg/kg per day, ip, on the 21th day, for 21 consecutive days). The treatment started since we founwd a significant increase in urine albumin excretion (UAE) rate in the diabetic rats in comparison with the control rats. The rats were kept individually in metabolic cages (8 AM-2 PM) and urine samples were collected in the 21 and 42th day. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical (BS, UPE, urine GAG, BUN, Cr, Na, and K) and histological analyses. Results: The results of this study showed that MIF antagonist (p425) significantly decreased urine protein and GAG excretion, urine protein/creatinine ratio, and serum BUN and Cr in the streptozotocin-induced DN in the rats. Pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the MIF antagonist (p425)-administered DN rats. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggested that MIF antagonist (p425) was able to protect against functional and histopathological injury in the DN.

Topic: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Stackpole Syncline

**Stackpole Syncline, Pembrokeshire, SW Wales** ![](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=10AoiBDKvoNjRi5zft6xHCrPkRHRXkvkr) Folded Carboniferous limestones deformed during the Variscan Orogeny. The virtual outcrop was generated using *Agisoft Photoscan* from 220 aerial photographs acquired with a DJI Phantom 3. [www.e-rock.org](http://www.e-rock.co.uk) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

Topic: Biotin and Related Studies
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Educational climate perception by preclinical and clinical medical students in five Spanish medical schools

The purpose of this study was to investigate student's perceptions of Educational Climate (EC) in Spanish medical schools, comparing various aspects of EC between the 2nd (preclinical) and the 4th (clinical) years to detect strengths and weaknesses in the on-going curricular reform.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Learning Picture Languages Using Dimensional Reduction

One-dimensional (string) formal languages and their learning have been studied in considerable depth. However, the knowledge of their two-dimensional (picture) counterpart, which retains similar importance, is lacking. We investigate the problem of learning formal two-dimensional picture languages by applying learning methods for one-dimensional (string) languages. We formalize the transcription process from a two-dimensional input picture into a string and propose a few adaptations to it. These proposals are then tested in a series of experiments, and their outcomes are compared. Finally, these methods are applied to a practical problem and an automaton for recognizing a part of the MNIST dataset is learned. The obtained results show improvements in the topic and the potential to use the learning of automata in fitting problems.

Topic: DNA and Biological Computing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Di Maluku

This study examines the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the context of local elections (Pilkada) in Maluku, Indonesia. Article 2 of Law No. 5 of 2014 on ASN stipulates that the implementation of ASN policies and management should be based on the principle of neutrality. Bureaucratic neutrality is a system where the quality of public service delivery remains consistent regardless of changes in leadership. This research explores the critical role of ASN neutrality in maintaining the integrity of public services and democratic processes. The study emphasizes the importance of ASN remaining impartial and free from political interventions, particularly during local elections. In the context of Pilkada in Maluku, this research investigates how ASN maintains distance from all political forces and refrains from practices of intimidation or threats towards other ASN employees and the public. The findings highlight the challenges and strategies in upholding ASN neutrality, contributing to the broader discourse on bureaucratic professionalism and the quality of local democracy in Indonesia. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in enhancing the neutrality and integrity of civil servants in the political landscape of Maluku and beyond.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Multi-QoS Objective Optimization Routing for Hierarchical Satellite Networks

Routing scheme plays a critical role in determining the performance and reliability of a satellite network. Since the resources in satellite networks are constrained, a major challenge in satellite network routing is how to find paths that satisfy all user QoS requirements in a low cost. In this paper, a multi-QoS optimization routing scheme is proposed to solve this problem in hierarchical satellite networks. Simulation results show that this scheme can achieve efficient routing optimized in all preset QoS parameters and performs well in hierarchical satellite network.

Topic: Satellite Communication Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE The origin of tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) populations in California, Oregon, and Nevada: introductions or relicts?

Abstract Whether intentionally or accidentally intro-duced, exotic species have the capacity to dramatically disrupt native communities. In central California, tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) have been introduced as a by-product of the sport fishing bait industry. Some of these introductions are relatively well known and have resulted in the formation of hybrids with the imperiled native California tiger salamander (A. californiense). Other populations of A. tigrinum, particularly in the northern and eastern parts of the state, remain poorly characterized and are present in regions where relictual amphibian popula-tions of other species have persisted, suggesting that these might be relictual, native A. tigrinum. We used genetic sequence data to determine the provenance of all known extralimital A. tigrinum populations in California and adjacent Oregon and Nevada through comparison with reference samples from the native range of A. tigrinum. Our results suggest that A. tigrinum have been introduced in Northern California, Southern California and the Sierra Nevada, originating from multiple sources across the Great Plains of the US. Furthermore, two populations near the California-Oregon border are most closely related to A. tigrinum populations from Washington and Oregon and may represent native tiger salamander lineages.

Topic: Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences