jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MALNUTRITION IN NEW GUINEAN CHILDREN AND ITS TREATMENT WITH SOLID PEANUT FOODS

MALNUTRITION IN NEW GUINEAN CHILDREN AND ITS TREATMENT WITH SOLID PEANUT FOODS Get access K. V. BAILEY, M.D. K. V. BAILEY, M.D. Nutrition Research Unit, Dept. of Public Health, Kundiawa—Territory of PapuaNew Guinea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 9, Issue 2, September 1963, Pages 35–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.tropej.a057645 Published: 01 September 1963

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Ventilatory Failure And Pulmonary Embolism In Covid-19 Requiring Enhanced Venous Drainage For Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

COVID-19 infection manifests as a spectrum of respiratory and vascular complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary embolism. Herein, we describe a case of a healthy young male who presented with ARDS refractory to mechanical ventilation and concomitant bilateral pulmonary emboli managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and embolectomy. The embolectomy and initial veno-venous ECMO configuration failed to correct the patient’s hypoxemia despite maximal flows. This was thought to be due to a high-output state secondary to vasodilatory shock preventing adequate drainage from the existing single drainage ECMO cannulation, following which a second venous cannula was placed to form a unique veno-veno-venous ECMO circuit that resolved the persistent hypoxemia. The case underscores the importance of identifying embolic events and vasodilatory shock in COVID-19 patients, both of which need to be addressed simultaneously to avoid worsening right ventricular failure (via both mechanical and hypoxia-driven pathways) and the resulting veno-arterial ECMO along with its associated complications.

Topic: Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimum Tracking with Evolution Strategies

Evolutionary algorithms are frequently applied to dynamic optimization problems in which the objective varies with time. It is desirable to gain an improved understanding of the influence of different genetic operators and of the parameters of a strategy on its tracking performance. An approach that has proven useful in the past is to mathematically analyze the strategy's behavior in simple, idealized environments. The present paper investigates the performance of a multiparent evolution strategy that employs cumulative step length adaptation for an optimization task in which the target moves linearly with uniform speed. Scaling laws that quite accurately describe the behavior of the strategy and that greatly contribute to its understanding are derived. It is shown that in contrast to previously obtained results for a randomly moving target, cumulative step length adaptation fails to achieve optimal step lengths if the target moves in a linear fashion. Implications for the choice of population size parameters are discussed.

Topic: Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Responses of plant, insect and spider biodiversity to local and landscape scale management intensity in cereal crops and grasslands

The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of landscape scale management intensity, agroecosystem type, local management intensity and edges on diversity patterns of functional groups of plants, carabid beetles, spiders and grasshoppers. Nine landscapes were selected differing in percent intensively used agricultural area (IAA), each with a pair of organic and conventional winter wheat fields and a pair of organic and conventional mown meadows. Within fields, plants were surveyed in the edge and in the interior. Carabid beetles and spiders were captured by funnel traps, while grasshoppers were sweep-netted in the meadows. Diversity patterns of study organisms were affected both by local variables (local management, agroecosystem type and within-field position) and by landscape scale management intensity. Species richness of grasses, presumably because of sowing low-diversity mixtures, and hunting spiders decreased with percent cover of IAA. Meadows differed from wheat fields in that they had higher species richness of forbs and grasses, as well as higher densities of hunting spiders. In contrast, more carabid individuals, especially of non-carnivore species, were captured in wheat fields. In field edges with their reduced management intensity and increased immigration, species richness of plants, carabids and spiders was higher than in the interiors regardless of agroecosystem type and management. Organic management enhanced forb richness and cover in both agroecosystem types. Organic management also increased grass cover in wheat fields, but not in meadows, and promoted species richness of non-carnivore carabids and hunting spiders, but not grasshoppers. The results show that agri-environmental management needs to be targeted to the agroecosystem's field size, because higher edge area led to higher species richness. Organic management affected several functional groups positively (forbs, non-carnivore carabids, hunting spiders), while lower landscape scale management intensity only increased species richness of grasses and spiders. The great differences in responses of functional groups to local cereal and grassland as well as landscape management suggest implementing more scale and group specific targets for agri-environmental schemes to improve their efficiency.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Two-Phase Object-Based Deep Learning for Multi-Temporal SAR Image Change Detection

Change detection is one of the fundamental applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, speckle noise presented in SAR images has a negative effect on change detection, leading to frequent false alarms in the mapping products. In this research, a novel two-phase object-based deep learning approach is proposed for multi-temporal SAR image change detection. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed approach brings two main innovations. One is to classify all pixels into three categories rather than two categories: unchanged pixels, changed pixels caused by strong speckle (false changes), and changed pixels formed by real terrain variation (real changes). The other is to group neighbouring pixels into superpixel objects such as to exploit local spatial context. Two phases are designed in the methodology: (1) Generate objects based on the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm, and discriminate these objects into changed and unchanged classes using fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering and a deep PCANet. The prediction of this Phase is the set of changed and unchanged superpixels. (2) Deep learning on the pixel sets over the changed superpixels only, obtained in the first phase, to discriminate real changes from false changes. SLIC is employed again to achieve new superpixels in the second phase. Low rank and sparse decomposition are applied to these new superpixels to suppress speckle noise significantly. A further clustering step is applied to these new superpixels via FCM. A new PCANet is then trained to classify two kinds of changed superpixels to achieve the final change maps. Numerical experiments demonstrate that, compared with benchmark methods, the proposed approach can distinguish real changes from false changes effectively with significantly reduced false alarm rates, and achieve up to 99.71% change detection accuracy using multi-temporal SAR imagery.

Topic: Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of niobium addition on the properties and microstructure of a high chromium cast iron alloy

ABSTRACT High chromium cast iron (HCCI) is usually employed in equipment that experience high abrasive wear and therefore requires high resistance. Niobium could be added to these alloys to improve their resistance to wear. This study consisted in addressing the influence of 0.5% and 1.0% of niobium on the microstructure of a 26% Cr and 2.8% C HCCI alloy. Standard samples – without niobium – and samples with 0.5% and 1.0% Nb were melted, cut and then machined into adequate dimensions for tests. Two groups of samples – with and without heat treatment – were analyzed through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers and Rockwell-C hardness. Carbides Volume Fraction (CVF) was quantified in the heat-treated samples. The majority of NbC carbides were observed to be thin and presented a hook shaped morphology. In addition, it was noted a precipitation of Nb-rich layers around the M7C3 carbides, which could act as a higher hardness coating. There was significant reduction in carbide volume fraction, from an initial 33.3% to 28.1% for the 0.5 % Nb alloy, and further reduction to 24.9% for the 1.0% Nb alloy, it was also noted an alteration on the quasi-eutectic microstructure to a hypoeutectic microstructure. The NbC carbides prevented hardness reduction as a result of lowering the CVF in heat-treated alloys; however, the alloys without heat treatment experienced reductions in hardness.

Topic: Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Localised corrosion of stainless steels depending on chlorine dosage in chlorinated water

In drinking water systems, the main stainless steel grades used are the standard austenitic stainless steel grades 4307 (304L) and 4404 (316L), with the grade selection depending on the chloride an ...

Topic: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Insulin secretion and differential gene expression in glucose-responsive and -unresponsive MIN6 sublines

We have established two sublines derived from the insulin-secreting mouse pancreatic β-cell line MIN6, designated m9 and m14. m9 Cells exhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas m14 cells respond poorly to glucose. In m14 cells, glucose consumption and lactate production are enhanced, and ATP production is largely through nonoxidative pathways. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase activity is increased, and hexokinase replaces glucokinase as a glucose-phosphorylating enzyme. The ATP-sensitive K + channel activity and voltage-dependent calcium channel activity in m14 cells are reduced, and the resting membrane potential is significantly higher than in m9 cells. Thus, in contrast to m9, a model for β-cells with normal insulin response, m14 is a model for β-cells with impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. By mRNA differential display of these sublines, we found 10 genes to be expressed at markedly different levels. These newly established MIN6 cell sublines should be useful tools in the analysis of the genetic and molecular basis of impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The tetraspanin TSP3 of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> is a vacuolar membrane protein and shares characteristics with IDI proteins

The fungal vacuole is an organelle, which adopts pleiotropic morphologies and functions. In aging and starving hyphae it is the compartment of degradation and recycling of cellular constituents. Here we identified TSP3, one of three tetraspanins present in the filamentous ascomycete fungus Neurospora crassa, as a vacuolar membrane protein. The protein is detected only in aging and starving cultures and under other conditions, which induce autophagy, such as vegetative incompatibility or the presence of the macrolide antibiotic rapamycin. Mutant analysis revealed that TSP3 is dispensable for growth and development of the fungus under laboratory conditions. Together these findings indicate that tsp3 shares characteristics with idi (induced during incompatibility) genes and might promote vacuolar functions related to autophagy.

Topic: Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Arctic boundary layer in the fall season over open and frozen sea

This study is based on aircraft data collected on research flights in the Beaufort Arctic Storms Experiment (BASE). The experiment was conducted during the fall, when the frozen parts of the sea surface and the lower troposphere are subject to strong radiative cooling, while the temperature of the open water stays near −1 or −2°C, leading to the formation of two different types of boundary layers. Data from a boundary layer over open water and a boundary layer over frozen sea surface with open leads are examined in detail. The boundary layer over open water was capped by a stratus layer in which large temperature fluxes were observed. Recent advection of air from the colder coastal regions over warm water was probably responsible for the large temperature differences at the sea‐air interface. The boundary layer over ice was clear and very stably stratified, with a low‐level potential temperature lapse rate in the 20–57 K km −12 range. Turbulent fluxes were very weak or nonexistent, except at the lowest observation level, 40 m above surface, in an area over many open leads. In this boundary layer, wave‐like features were common. Some were identified as gravity waves, but others with shorter wavelengths could have been due to horizontal roll vortices generated by convection from the leads.

Topic: Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Liver transplantation for neurologic Wilson's disease: reflections on two cases within a mexican cohort.

Follow-up and pharmacologic treatment was flawed by several adverse conditions present in our population. Patients with progressing neurological disease had a favorable outcome after LT, a similar response to the one reported by several authors. In conclusion, LT should be strongly considered for the treatment of these patients.

Topic: Trace Elements in Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Testicular Ultrasound Analysis as a Predictive Tool of Ram Sperm Quality

Testicular ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that could be very useful for predicting ram seminal quality. Recent software developments allow macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of testicular parenchyma. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the testicular echotexture using ultrasound-video analysis and investigate its possible correlation with semen quality. Nine rams were evaluated for one year using a portable ultrasound scanner and the echotexture was analyzed with ECOTEXT® software. The number of black (Ec1), white (Ec2), and grey pixels (Ec3), tubular density (TD), lumen area (LA), and lumen diameter (LD) were analyzed. Semen was collected by an artificial vagina the same day and the sperm concentration, morphology, motility, viability, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) levels, DNA damage and capacitation state were evaluated. Ec2 and Ec3 correlated positively with “bad quality” sperm parameters (the percentage of spermatozoa with high ROS levels, with PS translocation and proximal cytoplasmic droplets), and negatively with motility. In contrast, TD and LA showed a positive correlation with “good quality” parameters (motility or normal morphology) and a negative correlation with spermatozoa with high ROS levels, with DNA fragmentation, and proximal or distal cytoplasmic droplets. Thus, echotexture analysis by ultrasound-video analysis could be a valuable tool for assessing ram fertility.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhanced Hematopoietic Activity Accompanies Parasite Expansion in the Spleen and Bone Marrow of Mice Infected with Leishmania donovani

In this study, we have analyzed hematopoietic activity in the spleen, bone marrow, and blood of BALB/c and scid mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Our analysis demonstrates that infection induces a rapid but transient mobilization of progenitor cells into the circulation, associated with elevated levels of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and MIP-1Î±. From 14 to 28 days postinfection, when parasite expansion begins in the spleen and bone marrow, both the frequency and cell cycle activity of hematopoietic progenitors, particulary CFU-granulocyte, monocyte, are dramatically increased in these organs. This is associated with increased accumulation of mRNA for GM-CSF, M-CSF, and G-CSF, but not interleukin-3. Our data also illustrate that hematopoietic activity, as assessed by changes in the frequency of progenitor cell populations and their levels of cell cycle activity, can be regulated in both a T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent, as well as in an organ-specific, manner. Collectively, these data add to our knowledge of the long-term changes which occur in organs in which L. donovani is able to persist.

Topic: Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Volksbühne affair: Theatre and the cultural struggle

Preview this article: The Volksbühne affair: Theatre and the cultural struggle, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/maska/33/193-194/maska.33.193-194.8_1-1.gif

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Low Back Pain

Letters18 November 2014Low Back PainRoger Chou, MDRoger Chou, MDFrom Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5024-2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Estimates for the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in patients with low back pain vary depending on the population studied and the criteria used to define this condition. The approximate prevalence of 0.3% is based on estimates from patients in the primary care setting with low back pain and unequivocal radiologic changes (1). The prevalence may be as high as 5% when using wider diagnostic criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (2), but the clinical manifestations and severity of symptoms vary substantially for this group of conditions.Although risk assessment instruments may be useful to identify persons at higher risk for ...References1. Deyo RA, Rainville J, Kent DL. What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain? JAMA. 1992;268:760-5. [PMID: 1386391] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Underwood MR, Dawes P. Inflammatory back pain in primary care. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34:1074-7. [PMID: 8542211] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Weisman MH, Chen L, Clegg DO, Davis JC, Dubois RW, Prete PE, et al. Development and validation of a case ascertainment tool for ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62:19-27. [PMID: 20191487] doi:10.1002/acr.20009 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0377. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLow Back Pain Roger Chou Metrics Cited byManual Lifting Standards: Ergonomic Assessment and Proposals for Redesign for Industrial Applications 18 November 2014Volume 161, Issue 10Page: 762KeywordsAlgorithmsAnkylosing spondylitisDisclosureLikelihood ratioLower back painMedical risk factorsPositive predictive valueRisk assessmentsSpecificity ePublished: 18 November 2014 Issue Published: 18 November 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stimulating the Quasi-statistical Organ

We test an uninvestigated proposition from spiral of silence theory that fear of social isolation (FSI) prompts people to seek out information about the climate of public opinion. Taking a trait-based individual difference perspective, the authors develop and validate a measure of FSI that is less likely to produce the interpretational problems that plague existing measures. Then, using data from eight countries spread across four continents, the authors examine whether those who fear social isolation to a greater extent are more likely to attend to a particular source of information in the social environment about public opinion—mass media reports of public opinion polls. Study results support spiral of silence theory’s prediction—FSI does appear to motivate people to ascertain what the public thinks. However, there may be some cultural boundaries to this process.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular cloning and characterization of regulatory enzymes in threonine biosynthetic pathway from soybean

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Arranjo produtivo na produção do chocolate no município de Ilhéus: análise swot relacionada ao de-senvolvimento local

This article has as object of study the Local Productive Arrangement (APL) in Chocolate Production in the Municipality of Ilhéus, Bahia. The APL of the chocolate production will be constituted by an extensive network of economic, political and social agents, who participate in the production chain from cocoa from planting to industrialization, highlighting the production of fine chocolates and goumert. In 2016, an event promoted by the Institute for Development Assistance (IA-DH) and the Executive Management Group (GGE) of the Colegiado Litoral Sul Bahia was held in Ilhéus, with the support of the State Territorial Development and Rural Development Secretariats from Bahia. However, to date the adoption of policies to support APL has not been consolidated. Therefore, the study aims to: analyze the viability of the creation of the Local Chocolate Production Arrangement in the municipality of Ilhéus-BA, through the SWOT matrix; understand the strengths and weaknesses of the municipality of Ilhéus in the area of chocolate production; to identify the opportunities and threats that exist in the scenario with the creation of the Chocolate Road and to suggest actions that provide competitive advantages for the segment of chocolate APL in a perspective of neocorporativism and the approach of clusters.

Topic: Agricultural and Food Sciences
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences