jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Çoklu Akciğer Metastazları İçin Stereotaktik Radyoterapi: Erken Klinik Sonuçlar

Introduction: Oligometastatic lung cancers are usually small in size and high doses of radiation increase the chance of local control. In this study, it was aimed to treat patients with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) technique and to examine the early effects of treatment in order to control these tumors of patients whose primary tumor was controlled but 3 and 4 metastases developed in their lungs. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of seven patients with three to four lung metastases were acquired using 2 mm sections. Treatment plans were prepared to deliver a total of 48 Gray (Gy) in four fractions at two isocenters. All plans were created using the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS) and the MonteCarlo algorithm at a filter-free 6MV energy (6FFF - dose rate: 1600 MU/min). During all these processes, the exact target was irradiated through active breathing control (ABC). Patients were administered a pulmonary function test (PFT) before and after the treatment and the results were compared. Results: 100% of the intended dose was prescribed to the tumor volumes of the patients. Critical organ doses met the TG101 standards. The maximum dose of the plans was kept below 120%. All treatment plans reached desired values and were clinically accepted. Conclusion: Local control was achieved in the patients and there was no grade 3-4-5 radiation pneumonia (RP). In particular, patients with severe pulmonary comorbidities should be carefully monitored for RP during the few months of follow-up after SBRT. Depending on the patient&#039;s condition (holding the breath, being stable, etc.) or the characteristics of the linear accelerator, SBRT can be safely administered to metastases at two or three isocenters and the metastases can be controlled when patients with locally controlled primary tumors develop multiple distant metastases in the lungs.

Topic: Brain Metastases and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation of Nano Materials Fe@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Its Application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Liver Functions

The strengths of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lied in the strong penetrability, high resolution, no radiation, and non-invasion, while the sensitivity of MRI was too weak to distinguish the normal physiological tissue and pathological tissue. The contrast agent (CAs) was used to enhance the contrast ration of normal tissue and pathological tissue, and raise the precision of the diagnosis. The Ferric oxide with higher magnetic moment has been extensively applied in T 2 -weighted MRI contrast agents. In the study, the oil soluble nano materials (Fe@Fe 3 O 4 ) was prepared, and its surface was modified using the large and small molecule ligands, and it was connected to F56 peptide, so as to construct the MRI-specific bimodal contrast agent (Fe–Fe NPs/HYA/F56). While the material was characterized, it can be used in clinical evaluation of liver functions. In the test, as the clad material was growing, the saturation magnetization of the material encountered a drop. The nano particle (Fe@Fe 3 O 4 ) was modified with functional groups, and no obvious variation occurred to its structure and particle size. The morphology and potential were analyzed to confirm whether F56 peptide was connected to the nano particle (Fe@Fe 3 O 4 ). The analysis of cell showed that the nano particle (Fe–Fe NPs/HYA/F56) had lower cytotoxicity, and the materials had better targeted performance, which had been verified in the mouse tumor model. The preparation materials were applied in evaluation of clinical studies on liver function. The quantitative analysis of the absolute enhancement value (AEV) and contrast enhancement rate (CER) of liver around the MRI-enhanced cancer was conducted. The results showed, the pathology grade of liver functions (pathological tissue and cirrhotic tissue) was related to the above indicators. The MRI contrast agent can be used to predict the pathology grade.

Topic: Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dysregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its relationship to inflammation in schizophrenia

Inflammation in the brain and blood is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric illness with unknown aetiology. Inflammatory markers in the blood appear to fluctuate throughout the course of the illness and to correlate with symptom severity in patients, yet the cause of inflammation in people with schizophrenia remains elusive. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates the expression of many inflammatory genes that are over-expressed in people with schizophrenia, and NF-κB is reportedly overactive in both the brain and the blood of patients. This thesis used a multidisciplinary approach to examine the possible contribution of the NF-κB pathway to inflammation in the prefrontal cortex and blood in people with schizophrenia, with a particular emphasis on one brain-relevant regulator of NF-κB, HIVEP2. I demonstrated that NF-κB pathway dysregulation in the postmortem brain of patients with neuroinflammation is associated with the presence of reactive astrocytes near cortical blood vessels, and that these reactive astrocytes up-regulate pro-inflammatory mediators with the potential to affect blood-brain barrier function. I also showed that the expression of some NF-κB-inducing transcripts in patients with neuroinflammation is actually weaker than in non-schizophrenic controls with neuroinflammation. Finally, I found that altered expression of NF-κB pathway transcripts in white blood cells of living patients predicts downstream, clinically-relevant immune biomarkers in the blood that are associated with worse symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Together, the studies from this thesis provide evidence of disease-specific NF-κB dysregulation in the brain and blood of people with schizophrenia and provide novel insights into the nature, magnitude and possible significance of inflammation in the disease.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Fibronectin-Expressing Mesenchymal Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Tumor metastasis is connected to epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity (EMH) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tumor microenvironment. Mesenchymal-like fibronectin (FN) expressing tumor cells enhance metastasis within tumors that have EMH. However, the secondary tumors are primarily composed of the FN null population. Interestingly, during tumor cell dissemination, the invasive front has more mesenchymal-like characteristics, although the outgrowths of metastatic colonies consist of a more epithelial-like population of cells. We hypothesize that soluble FN provided by mesenchymal-like tumor cells plays a role in supporting the survival of the more epithelial-like tumor cells within the metastatic niche in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, due to a lower rate of proliferation, the mesenchymal-like tumor cells become a minority population within the metastatic niche. In this study, we utilized a multi-parametric cell-tracking algorithm and immunoblotting to evaluate the effect of EMH on the growth and invasion of an isogenic cell series within a 3D collagen network using a microfluidic platform. Using the MCF10A progression series, we demonstrated that co-culture with FN-expressing MCF10CA1h cells significantly enhanced the survival of the more epithelial MCF10CA1a cells, with a two-fold increase in the population after 5 days in co-culture, whereas the population of the MCF10CA1a cells began to decrease after 2.5 days when cultured alone (p &lt; 0.001). However, co-culture did not significantly alter the rate of proliferation for the more mesenchymal MCF10CA1h cells. Epithelial tumor cells not only showed prolonged survival, but migrated significantly longer distances (350 µm compared with 150 µm, respectively, p &lt; 0.01) and with greater velocity magnitude (4.5 µm/h compared with 2.1 µm/h, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) under co-culture conditions and in response to exogenously administered FN. Genetic depletion of FN from the MCF10CA1h cells resulted in a loss of survival and migration capacity of the epithelial and mesenchymal populations. These data suggest that mesenchymal tumor cells may function to support the survival and outgrowth of more epithelial tumor cells within the metastatic niche and that inhibition of FN production may provide a valuable target for treating metastatic disease.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of Ultraviolet Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) as an up-to-date wireless network has some unique features such as topology alters constantly, infrastructure-free, any node within the network is communication destination as well as router, etc. These characteristics of MANET give rise to its great flexibility and cost efficiency. Traditional MANET operates in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, where the available bandwidth is facing the challenge of rapidly increasing demands. Ultraviolet (UV) provides a feasible complement to RF wireless MANET because some of its advantages: miniaturized device, low-cost implementation, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, high security, low background noise and potential high speed data rate. In this paper, we investigate several aspects of the performance of the combined UV MANET by simulation. Various issues related to the performance of UV MANET such as Throughput, bit error rate (BER) and signal/noise ratio (SNR) were collected and analyzed. The analysis will be of great assistance in the design and implementation of such UV MANET.

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intrusion Detection for Enhancing RPL Security

Internet of things is a new paradigm that connects the internet to the physical objects of different domain viz. home automation, human health services, and industrial process automation and environmental monitoring. It is deeply presented in our daily activities through various devices. The devices connected with the internet bring many benefits but simultaneously bringing the security issues also. For protecting the network and information systems the intrusion detection system is an important tool. However traditional techniques used for intrusion detection are not sufficient to protect the network consists of specific characteristics like constraint resourced devices and specific protocol stacks. In this paper, we proposed an intrusion detection system for RPL (Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks) which is focused on WSN and constrained resources. Proposed IDS follows detection of an attack, IDS placement strategy, and validation process.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecule alters circadian clock via light trigger

A light-activated molecule can reversibly shift the length of the circadian clock's cycle in living cells and tissues ( Nat. Commun. 2021, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23301-x ). The tool provides a targeted, noninvasive way to study how the clock affects cellular physiology, says Ben Feringa , a chemist at the University of Groningen who co-led the work. The clock, a signaling system that is found in nearly all organisms, keeps cells' functions tied to a daily cycle. The team used an azobenzene moiety, which changes conformation from the stable trans isomer to the less stable cis isomer when exposed to light. The cis isomer gradually reverts to trans on its own, or it can be converted photochemically. The researchers added an azobenzene switch to a molecule called longdaysin. Longdaysin slows the clock by interfering with the action of a key regulator of the circadian clock. Violet light (400 nm) activates longdaysin in

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effects of Tax-Based Saving Incentives on Government Revenue and National Saving

This paper shows that previous analyses of IRA-type plans have miscalculated their effect on tax revenue and therefore on national saving by ignoring their impact on corporate tax payments. Recognizing the important effect of IRA plans on corporate tax revenue changes previous conclusions about the revenue effects of IRA plans in fundamental ways. The revenue loss associated with IRAs is either much smaller than has generally been estimated or is actually a revenue gain, depending on the time horizon and key parameter values. In addition to analyzing the effects of traditional tax-deductible IRA plans, the paper presents an alternative nontaxable IRA (in which contributions are not deductible and no subsequent tax is levied on earnings or withdrawals) and shows that, for the most plausible parameter values, the net revenue effect is positive in every year. Although each individual participant eventually withdraws all of his own contributions and accumulated earnings from his IRA account, the net impact on the national capital stock of that individual's participation remains positive even after his death because of the favorable cumulative effects on tax revenue. This is true for traditional deductible IRA plans as well as for the nontaxable IRAs.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Electrocardiograms of male rats fed rapeseed oil

Frontal plane electrocardiograms (standard limb leads) were recorded on male Sprague–Dawley rats fed for 14 weeks on semisynthetic diets containing 20% (by weight) of Brassica napus cv. Tower or B. campestris cv. Span rapeseed oil or fractions isolated from Span rapeseed oil. Control diets were rat Chow or semisynthetic diets containing 20% (by weight) of either safflower oil or corn oil. The amplitude of the P, Q, R, S, and T waves, the duration of the P wave, QRS complex, and P–R interval, and the cardiac rate were measured in the electrocardiograms and differences between groups compared statistically. While there were statistically significant differences in the amplitude of some of the wave forms, there were no consistent differences which could be attributed to the feeding of rapeseed oil or its fractions. The duration of the P wave and the QRS complex were significantly longer in some of the control groups than those in most of the treated groups. There was no correlation between the presence of a Q wave and the incidence of myocardial lesions in any group. Cardiac rate was essentially the same in all groups.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of the Bone-Regenerating Effects of Two Anorganic Bovine Bone Grafts in a Critical-Sized Alveolar Ridge Defect Model

A preclinical trial was conducted to treat 54 mandibular critical-sized alveolar ridge defects in 27 canines. Each hemimandible was randomized to be treated with two different anorganic bovine bone grafts (group A = InterOss [SigmaGraft]; group B = Bio-Oss [Geistlich]) or negative control (group C = empty defect) followed by a 4-, 8-, or 12-week observation period. Microcomputed tomography, histology, histopathology, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these treatments. By all the parameters assessed in this study, the biocompatibility and healing of group A treated defects were indistinguishable from those in group B. Radiographic comparison of graft resorption and bony integration demonstrated similar mean scores for both treatment groups. Likewise, no statistical differences were observed between the two groups with respect to percent mineralized volume and density. When compared to the critical-sized empty controls, both treatment groups showed statistically greater amounts of bone present in the defect sites and appeared to help preserve the mesial and distal alveolar walls of the defect. Histomorphometry also supported the similarity in performance of both tested groups as no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to percent bone, percent residual implant, and percent bone marrow values. While not statistically different, on average group A had more than twice the mean amount of bone present at 8 and 12 weeks compared to group B. Overall, group A had a good biocompatibility response, similar to group B. Clinical studies are recommended to confirm these findings.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
THE EFFECTS OF COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING ON REACTIONS TO VICTIMIZATION

Counterfactual thinking (CFT), which involves envisioning alternate outcomes to a past event, has been shown to affect people’s perceptions of, and attributions regarding, the causes of that event. Understanding the elements of a crime that may trigger CFT will assist with further elucidating when and why victims report crimes, allowing law enforcement and policymakers to better calibrate the potential for underreporting and use reporting data effectively when shaping crime policies. In an experiment using vignettes, we manipulated characteristics associated with an imagined crime event in order to investigate the effect of those characteristics on crime reporting. A characteristic which past research has shown to trigger CFT (typicality of routine) and another that has been shown to trigger reporting (severity of monetary loss) were manipulated in the vignette. Reactions to victimization (e.g., anger) and reporting behavior were examined. College students read a stimuli paragraph and imagined they had their purse/wallet taken as they walked home. The study manipulated the amount of money stolen (i.e., $5, $40, $75) and typicality of routine (i.e., whether the typical route or atypical route home was taken). Results demonstrated that increased severity and taking an atypical route home both increased the likelihood of reporting a crime to police. In addition, typicality of routine and severity of monetary loss interact to affect victims’ anger response to the crime. Finally, in an indication that typicality of routine likely increased CFT, as would be expected based on the literature, participants who read vignettes involving an unusual route being taken were more likely to believe that luck played a role and that they could have prevented the incident. No gender differences were found. When an individual is victimized, he must make crucial decisions, including the decision whether to report the crime. Crime reporting is important for a number of reasons (e.g., Gideon & Mesch, 2003). From the perspective of the legal system, reporting is important because it helps capture criminals and may deter them from committing future crime. Additionally, when crimes go unreported, police are less accurate in predicting

Topic: Deception detection and forensic psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>In vitro</i> Antioxidant activity of Exopolysaccharide extracted from Marine Sediment Soil bacteria

The aim of this study was identification and characterization of highly efficient Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bacteria in marine sediment soil. Molecular identification of this bacterium with the highest EPS production was carried out using 16S rRNA gene amplification. The results showed that this bacterium is belonging to the genus Bacillus. EPS productions were studied in different conditions (pH, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, incubation time, NaCl, metal ions and agricultural wastes) for the genus Bacillus. The production of EPS was observed highest while in the presence of pH-8, temperature 35, glucose, peptone, incubation time 24hrs, NaCl concentration 2%, calcium chloride and rice bran 84.16µg/ml. The in vitro antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides such as hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (81±0.14), DPPH radical scavenging assay (69±0.72), ABTS inhibition assay (64±0.34), hydroxyl scavenging assay (74±0.49), superoxide anion radical scavenging assay (71±0.27) were analysed by comparing with standard gallic acid. Bacterial EPS was analysed by FT-IR spectrum

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Membership List of the Entomological Society of America

Journal Article Membership List of the Entomological Society of America Get access Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 59, Issue 1, 1 January 1966, Page 234, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/59.1.234 Published: 01 January 1966

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-adaptive Hydroponics Care System for Human-hydroponics Coexistence

"Human-hydroponics coexistence" is becoming a real scenario for indoor gardening and artificial ecological systems. Existing industry-use studies have focused on hydroponic cultivation under the assumption of a stable environment and no human interference. Thus, these studies are not suitable for "human-hydroponics coexistence" because "environmental uncertainty" and "human existence" are not considered. To resolve these specific drawbacks, we propose an IoT-based self-adaptive hydroponics care system that controls the hydroponic cultivation environment. The system adapts its daily care plan by predicting the future cultivation environment and analyzing humans' daily routines.

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[A PM visible light-cured dental bonding agent].

In order to get a better adhesion, less tooth abrasion and a good marginal sealing, bonding agent was used in the composites restorations. PM visible light cured bonding agent containing coupling agent 4-META was made. Polyfunctional monomer was used as the resin matrix. CQ and PA were used as the initiator. The tensile bonding strength of this bondx286p4ent to enamel was 84.5 kg/cm2. The shear bonding strength of this bonding agent to enamel when used with visible light cured composites together was 317.3 kg/cm2, which was higher then the report in the recent literatures. PM visible light cured bonding agent got a satisfied clinical result.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences