jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

Purpose: We evaluated MR spectroscopy improves the preoperative diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative type of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Materials and methods: After review of conventional MR images and medical records, we retrospectively reviewed proton MR spectra in seven patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma diagnosed by means of biopsy. Relative ratio of choline (Cho), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and lipid-lactate (Lip-Lac) to creatine (Cr) were measured for quantitative analysis. Results: The average ratio of Cho/Cr was , NAA/Cr was , and Lip-Lac/Cr was . All cases of lymphomas showed increased Lip-Lac peak. Two case of mass forming lymphoma showed decreased NAA/Cr significantly, whereas five cases of lymphoma without mass formation showed preserved NAA/Cr. Conclusion : We thought the presence of Lip-Lac peak without significant reduction of NAA on the MR spectroscopy was helpful for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative type of central nervous system lymphoma.

Topic: Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Філософський вектор іншомовної підготовки студентів-філологів (кінець ХХ – початок ХХI ст.)

The article analyzes the processes that affect the training of future professionals in higher education institutions and highlights the philosophical and cultural principles of foreign language training of students of philology. It is about the conditionality of the issue of foreign language training of students of philology by the tasks of intercultural interaction, international integration and partnership, which is ensured by the balance of material and spiritual factors of development of peoples and nations. Foreign language training is an important factor in intercultural communication, aimed at ensuring the European integration of Ukraine, needs to adapt to appropriate educational conditions. The author calls the openness of Ukrainian education, as well as the priority of national interests in the process of intercultural interaction an important condition for cultural integration; the need for transformations of higher education in both substantive and procedural aspects on the basis of personal values.&#x0D; It is claimed that the renewal of education is carried out under the condition of revision of its content, its structure, procedural norms and results of mastering the program material and its value characteristics. The purposeful nature of higher education is determined by the social order of the state, which expresses public opinion and the purpose of educational activities, choosing certain competencies as the main categories of educational programs and determining the relevant learning outcomes.&#x0D; Among the factors of transformation of the higher education system in Ukraine, the scientist mentions the construction of integrated educational programs, development of common criteria for creating comparable qualification requirements, adoption of standards for assessing the quality of training of specialists with higher education which causes changes in the purpose and content of educational activities and, in turn, requires appropriate program and methodological support.&#x0D; Restructuring of foreign language training of students of philology is associated with the formation of its content, as well as the creation of new educational and methodological complexes designed to ensure this work in higher education institutions.

Topic: Education and Social Development in Ukraine
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tectal glioma presenting with adult-onset epileptic seizures

Tectal glioma is an indolent and benign tumor that occurs predominantly in the pediatric population. It arises in the tectum of the midbrain and, due to its location, contributes to the development of obstructive hydrocephalus, typically presenting with increased intracranial pressure (IICP) symptoms or signs. Here we report a rare case of tectal glioma that presented as adult-onset epileptic seizures without IICP symptoms and was treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy and antiepileptic drugs.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Data from The Histone Methyltransferase and Putative Oncoprotein MMSET Is Overexpressed in a Large Variety of Human Tumors

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S4; Supplementary Tables S1-S3.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Traumatic pseudarthrosis of the dens axis. Aetiology, course and therapy

In a retrospective analysis the significance of internal fixation of unstable and symptomatic non-union of the odontoid was evaluated. In all but one cases a type II fracture of the odontoid was the underlying cause for the pseudarthrosis. The time interval between trauma and definitive diagnosis varied between 6 months and 30 years. All patients asked for medical advice because of acute neck pain; in three cases additional neurological deficits were notified. In all but one case the pseudarthrosis was classified as unstable on flexion-/extension views. The occurrence of neurological deficits showed a positive correlation with the amount of dislocation of the pseudarthrotic odontoid. Nine out of 10 patients underwent internal stabilisation of the non-union. Reoperation because of persistent instability/failure of stabilisation had to be performed in two cases (22.2%). At follow-up all 9 patients were pain-free. The neurological deficits in two patients had improved significantly. According to our experience internal stabilisation in unstable non-union of the odontoid is recommended to achieve significant reduction of the pain level. Also improvement of the neurological deficits can be expected depending on the duration of the symptoms.

Topic: Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expanding Bullets and Savage Warfare

The authors of ‘Studying Mars and Clio’ (History Workshop Journal 88, 2019), the preceding article, claim that my argument concerning the British use of expanding bullets during colonial campaigns against non-white enemies during the 1890s1 is unfounded and that ‘in fact, Britain adopted expanding ammunition for use against all adversaries’. This claim appears to be based exclusively on evidence from the Hague Conference in 1899, where British officials did discuss the use of expanding bullets against ‘civilised’, meaning white, opponents. The British delegate John Ardagh, for instance, did indeed talk about bullets that: we may desire to adopt, and not for savage warfare alone but for civilized warfare too, in which the need for infantry of a projectile which shall be capable of stopping a charge of cavalry or a bayonet charge at close quarters. Yet this is quite evidently a hypothetical proposition about a future scenario, since the British had already in 1896 developed and adopted expanding bullets exclusively for use in ‘savage warfare’. The legal discussions that emerged from the Hague Conference in 1899 showed the British to be reluctant to sign a ban on all expanding bullets and thereby legally restrict their own ability to develop and deploy such ammunition in future conflicts. While there is zero evidence that the British ‘intended to use the ammunition against European adversaries’, there is, however, plenty to suggest that the expanding bullet known as the Dum-Dum bullet was explicitly conceived and deployed as a projectile to be used against non-white enemies.2 The distinction made by the authors, between ‘technical rather than racial or cultural justifications’, is furthermore entirely spurious since the ‘technical’ was always imbued with cultural and racialized assumptions – as the military, medical and ballistic articles and reports cited in my article demonstrate. Some further examples might nevertheless be instructive. For example, in a letter from the Director General of Ordnance, of 2 December 1895, it is stated that:

Topic: Military History and Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Residual Kidney after Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Adenocarcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma of the superior calyces was found 1 year after ipsilateral partial nephrectomy for renal adenocarcinoma. The main special features of the case are the rare occurrence of two primary tumours in the same kidney and the previous conservative surgery. A review of the literature has revealed no earlier case of this type.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: A Web-Based Implant Failure and Peri-implantitis Prediction Model for Clinicians

This study demonstrated the ability of machine learning models to assess demographics, medical history, and surgical plans, as well as the influence of these factors on dental implant failure and peri-implantitis. This model may serve as a resource for clinicians in the treatment of dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:576-582. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9852.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Breast-Conserving Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: The Van Nuys Experience with Excision Plus Radiation Therapy

Abstract: The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has increased significantly in the last 15 years paralleling increases in the use of screening mammography. During that time, breast-conserving therapy for DCIS has become an established treatment option for patients with DCIS. 185 patients with pure DCIS treated with excision and radiation therapy were studied. The risk of local recurrence increased as nuclear grade or the diameter of the primary tumor increased. It decreased as margin width increased. Tumors containing predominantly comedo histology had an increased local recurrence rate when compared with noncomedo lesions. There was no difference in local recurrence rates for patients treated 4 or 5 days per week. The median time to local recurrence was 53 months. At 12 years, the actuarial local recurrence rate was 24% for all patients. The breast-cancer specific mortality over the same 12 year period was 3%. The increasing incidence of DCIS necessitates that current treatment options undergo continuous re-evaluation. Although it is likely that selected subsets of low-risk patients can be adequately treated with excision and observation, it is equally likely that patients at high risk for local recurrence will require radiation therapy as part of their management if breast preservation is chosen. Our data suggests that histologic factors such as large tumor size, narrow margin width, high nuclear grade, and comedo architecture may aid in selecting which patients require the addition of radiation therapy to their treatment regimen and which patients do not if breast preservation is chosen.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic variability and correlation studies in various genotypes of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.]

The study was conducted to determine genetic variability and correlation involving 21 watermelon genotypes in a randomized block design with three replications. A considerable amount of variability was observed for qualitative and quantitative traits. Maximum phenotypic and genotypic variability was recorded for the seediness, followed by pericarp thickness and fruit weight. Most of the characters except cotyledon size, leaf blade ratio, emergence of first male flower, emergence of first female flower, days taken to fruit maturity, blooming period and seed length exhibited high estimates of heritability coupled with the high estimates of genetic advance. Number of fruits per vine had significant genotypic and phenotypic positive correlation with the traits leaf blade length, internodal length, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches. Based on yield and yield contributing characters, the genotypes viz., VRW-14, VRW-12, VRW- 20 and VRW-17 were found promising for future improvement programme.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a Motorized Cassava Peeling Machine

This study focuses on the design, development, and performance evaluation of a motorized cassava peeling machine, constructed using locally sourced materials. The machine features an abrasive peeling drum, a hopper, a mild steel frame, and a pulley system, all powered by a 2 hp single-phase induction motor. During performance tests, the machine demonstrated an average throughput capacity of 75.54 kg/hr. and a peeling efficiency of 88.33%. Statistical analyses using factorial experimental designs revealed that machine speed and day after harvest had significant impacts on peeling efficiency (p = 0.0199) and throughput capacity. The optimal performance was observed when cassava tubers were processed 1 day after harvest using a 2 mm grater, maximizing throughput. While the interaction between the day after harvest and grater size significantly affected throughput capacity (p = 0.0213), the interaction between machine speed and grater size was insignificant. ANOVA results confirmed the reliability of the regression models, with model validation ensuring normality and constant variance. This locally fabricated machine offers an affordable and efficient solution for small to medium-scale cassava peeling, improving productivity and reducing manual labor.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in patients with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2A

ABSTRACT Introduction : Little is known about the frequency of cardiopulmonary failure in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (calpainopathy) patients, although some studies have reported severe cardiomyopathy or respiratory failure. Methods : To clarify the frequency of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in this patient population, we retrospectively reviewed the respiratory and cardiac function of 43 patients with calpainopathy. Results : Nine of the 43 patients had forced vital capacity (FVC) &lt; 80%, and 3 used noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Mean FVC was significantly lower in patients who were nonambulant and had normal creatine kinase levels. Only 1 patient had a prolonged QRS complex duration. Echocardiography revealed that 1 patient had very mild left ventricular dysfunction. Conclusions : These findings suggest that patients with calpainopathy may develop severe respiratory failure, but cardiac dysfunction is infrequent. Muscle Nerve 55 : 465–469, 2017

Topic: Calpain Protease Function and Regulation
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristics of Boron Epoxy Resin as a Gasket for Pressure Generation in the 20 GPa Region

Boron and epoxy-resin gaskets were characterized in terms of pressure generation in the 20 GPa region using a Bridgman-type opposed anvil apparatus made of sintered diamond (SD). As compared to pyrophyllite, boron and epoxy resin exhibited markedly large internal friction. It was recognized that the properties of boron and epoxy resin as a gasket can be modified by changing their composition or by adding layered materials such as mica. Stress analysis of the anvils was performed by a finite-element method using the evaluated value of the internal friction of the gasket. The breakage behavior of the SD anvils were then described on the basis of the evaluated properties of the gaskets used.

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spironolactone in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence supporting the use of spironolactone in managing congestive heart failure. DATA SOURCES: Literature accessed through MEDLINE (January 1966–December 1999) and cross-referencing of selected articles. Search terms included spironolactone and heart failure. DATA SYNTHESIS: Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Through aldosterone antagonism, spironolactone may be an effective pharmacotherapeutic addition to patients not responding to standard drug therapy for heart failure. RESULTS: Clinical trials have demonstrated that, in patients with heart failure, spironolactone improves laboratory indices, quality of life, and morbidity. Recently, spironolactone has been demonstrated to improve the survival of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) III or IV heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: Spironolactone use should be considered in patients with NYHA Class III or IV heart failure.

Topic: Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 806249: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inversion of the Sign of the Short-Range Order as a Function of the Composition of Fe–Cr Alloys at Warm Severe Plastic Deformation and Electron Irradiation

This paper presents the results of a Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation of the processes in the binary alloys Fe100−cCrc (c, at. % = 6.0, 9.4, 13.2) and of the short-range (SR) atomic ordering accelerated by applying warm severe plastic deformation via high pressure torsion (HPT). After warm HPT treatment, in the vicinity of the concentration c = 9 at. %, there was revealed to be an inversion of the sign of the SR order, the anomaly of the formation of a Fe–Cr solid solution, which was predicted ab initio and is observed at long-term anneals and exposures to irradiation by electrons. The acceleration of the SR ordering at HPT is due to the continuous generation and a large number density of mobile point defects.

Topic: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Laser-Patterned Submicrometer Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>–WS<sub>2</sub> Pixels with Tunable Circular Polarization at Room Temperature

Characterizing and manipulating the circular polarization of light is central to numerous emerging technologies, including spintronics and quantum computing. Separately, monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>) is a versatile material that has demonstrated promise in a variety of applications, including single photon emitters and valleytronics. Here, we demonstrate a method to tune the photoluminescence (PL) intensity (factor of ×161), peak position (38.4 meV range), circular polarization (39.4% range), and valley polarization of a Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>-WS<sub>2</sub> 2D heterostructure using a low-power laser (0.762 μW) in ambient conditions. Changes are spatially confined to the laser spot, enabling submicrometer (814 nm) features, and are long-term stable (>334 days). PL and valley polarization changes can be controllably reversed through laser exposure in a vacuum, allowing the material to be erased and reused. Atmospheric experiments and first-principles calculations indicate oxygen diffusion modulates the exciton radiative vs nonradiative recombination pathways, where oxygen absorption leads to brightening and desorption to darkening.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1522057: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Image restoration and diffusion processes&lt;/title&gt;

A new supplementary a-priori constraint, the slow evolution from the boundary constraint, (SEB), sharply reduces noise contamination in a large class of space-invariant image deblurring problems that occur in medical, industrial, surveillance, environmental, and astronomical application. The noise suppressing properties of SEB restoration can be proved mathematically, on the basis of rigorous error bounds for the reconstruction, as a function of the noise level in the blurred image data. This analysis proceeds by reformulating the image deblurring problem into an equivalent ill-posed problem for a time-reversed diffusion equation. The SEB constraint does not require smoothness of the image. An effective, fast, non-iterative procedure, based on FFT algorithms, may be used to compute SEB restorations. For a 512 X 512 image, the procedure requires about 45 seconds of cpu time on a Sun/sparc2. A documented deblurring experiment, on an image with significant high frequency content, illustrates the computational significance of the SEB constraint by comparing SEB and Tikhonov-Miller reconstructions using optimal values of the regularization parameters.

Topic: Numerical methods in inverse problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of a system for diagnosing mist nozzle clogging in slab continuous casting

Nozzle clogging during the secondary cooling process in slab continuous casting causes many serious defects both to the surface and the inside of the slab. Up to now, the nozzles have been inspected visually when the casters are not being used. However, it is very difficult to accurately diagnose nozzle clogging this way despite the time and cost involved. Therefore, we have developed an on-line diagnosis system of our own for the No. 3 continuous caster at Kakogawa works. Here is a description of the system.

Topic: Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular detection of equine trypanosomiasis in the Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia

We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect trypanosome infections of horses and donkeys in the Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia. DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 368 horses and 142 donkeys, and subjected to universal first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1)-PCR followed by Trypanosoma evansi species–specific RoTat1.2-PCR. The universal ITS1-PCR revealed T. evansi infection in horses ( n = 12; 3.3%) and donkeys ( n = 4; 2.8%). There was no significant effect of sex or age on the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in horses or donkeys. Application of the RoTat1.2-PCR revealed that the RoTat1.2 VSG gene was absent from the positive ITS1-PCR samples of 3 horses and 1 donkey. This discrepancy could be explained by the circulation of T. evansi type B in Saudi Arabia; however, this suspicion requires confirmation.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences