jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diane Abbott, misogynoir and the politics of Black British feminism’s anticolonial imperatives: ‘In Britain too, it’s as if we don’t exist’

This article argues that it is remiss to understand the acute intensification of White supremacist politics in contemporary Britain without paying close attention to how this racism is inherently gendered and sexualised. This will be discussed in relation to the gendered racism of ‘misogynoir’ as experienced by the British Member of Parliament Diane Abbott. The article uses Shirley Anne Tate’s powerful analysis of the Sable-Saffron Venus in the English imaginary to argue that forms of British, and more explicitly English, national identity have been worked out on the back of systemic efforts to erase the material and epistemic presence of Black women in Britain from the British body politic. It further argues that the politics of erasure extends to the epistemic elision of Black British feminist theorising within the field of social theory. What then are the consequences and interplay of both the lived and epistemic acts of violence? I explore these issues by mapping Black British feminism’s anticolonial politics to argue that we should bring this tradition to bear in our analysis of this most recent iteration of racism in our contemporary times.

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Case of a Small-Breed Dog with Diet-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy Showing Marked Improvements in Cardiac Morphology and Function after Dietary Modification

An 11-year-old intact female Papillion weighing 2.1 kg was referred to our institution with the main complaint of shallow, rapid breathing. At the first visit (day 0), although clinical signs improved due to the use of medication from the primary hospital, transthoracic radiography and echocardiography revealed left heart enlargement and left ventricular dysfunction. A clinical diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was made and oral administration of pimobendan, temocapril, and taurine was initiated. However, on day 10, the respiratory status worsened and furosemide was prescribed. On day 54, no significant improvement in heart size was observed. Additionally, the diet that this patient received met the recommendation for diet-related DCM by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the patient’s diet was changed from a grain-free diet to a grain-containing diet. On day 1191, the patient’s respiratory status was stable and no clinical signs were observed. Transthoracic radiography and echocardiography revealed an improvement in left heart size. Additionally, improvements in the left and right ventricular myocardial strains were observed after changing the diet. We suggest that it may be necessary to suspect a dietary association with dilated cardiomyopathy, and a good prognosis might be expected by dietary modification, even in small-breed dogs.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Differential Response of the Rodent Adrenal Gland to Acute Starvation

The response of the adrenal gland to comparable degrees of acute starvation differs markedly in the rat and guinea pig. The guinea pig: adrenal displays absolute hypertrophy with significantly increased solid content. In the rat, adrenal enlargement is a variable response and, when it occurs, is characterized by discoloration and percentage increase in water content. The solid content is unchanged or reduced. DOCA in high doses decreases the size and the solid content of the rat adrenal in the fed or acutely starved animal of either sex. DOCA in the guinea pig fails to affect adrenal size in the fed animal, and is ineffective in preventing the adrenal hypertrophy of starvation.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS VIRULENCE

This review presents recent data on the genetic determinants and the virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). The mechanisms of adaptation of the pathogen in the host organism and alterative manifestations are described as well as the relationship of virulence, drug resistance and the genetic affiliation of MBT are analyzed in thearticle. It was demonstrated the clinical and prognostic significance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. The cyclic changes in MBT virulence coincide with the rise and fall of the incidence of tuberculosis has been established. Some virulence factors are targets to create fundamentally new anti-TB drugs.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solidification theory for concrete creep

ABSTRACT: A new physical theory and constitutive model for the effects of long-term aging and drying on concrete creep are proposed. The previously proposed solidification theory, in which the aging is explained and modeled by the volume growth (into the pores of hardened portland cement paste) of a nonaging viscoelastic constituent (cement gel), cannot explain long-term aging because the volume growth of the hydration products is too short-lived. The paper presents an improvement of the solidification theory in which the viscosity of the flow term of the compliance function is a function of a tensile microprestress carried by the bonds and bridges crossing the micropores (gel pores) in the hardened cement gel. The microprestress is generated by the disjoining pressure of the hindered adsorbed water in the micro pores and by very large and highly localized volume changes caused by hydration or drying. The long-term creep, deviatoric as well as volumetric, is assumed to originate from viscous shear slips between the opposite walls of the micropores in which the bonds or bridges that cross the micropores (and transmit the microprestress) break and reform. The long-term aging exhibited by the flow term in the creep model is caused by relaxation of the tensile microprestress transverse to the slip plane. The Pickett effect (drying creep) is caused by changes of the microprestress balancing the changes in the disjoining pressure, which in tum are engendered by changes of the relative humidity in the capillary pores. Numerical implementation, application, and comparison with test data is relegated to a companion paper that follows in this issue.

Topic: Concrete Properties and Behavior
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Grow up, be persistent, and stay focused: keys for solving foraging problems by free-ranging possums

Abstract Individuals within a species often vary in both their problem-solving approach and ability, affecting their capacity to access novel food resources. Testing problem-solving in free-ranging individuals is crucial for understanding the fundamental ecological implications of problem-solving capacity. To examine the factors affecting problem-solving in free-ranging animals, we presented three food-extraction tasks of increasing difficulty to urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). We quantified two measures of problem-solving performance: trial outcome (success/failure) and time to solve and tested the influence of a range of potential drivers, including individual traits (personality, body weight, sex, and age), mechanistic behaviors that quantify problem-solving approach (work time, functional behavior time, behavioral diversity, and flexibility), and prior experience with the puzzles. We found that mechanistic behaviors were key drivers of performance. Individuals displaying greater persistence (higher work and functional behavior time) were more likely to solve a food-extraction task on their first attempt. Individuals also solved problems faster if they were more persistent and had lower behavioral flexibility. Personality indirectly affected time to solve one of the three problems by influencing time allocated to functional behaviors. Finally, adults solved the most difficult problem faster than juveniles. Overall, our study provides rare insight into the drivers underlying the problem-solving performance of wild animals. Such insight could be used to improve management strategies and conservation efforts, such as food or bait deployment, tailored to suit the innovative foraging abilities of target individuals in new and changing environments.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Contextual effects on smile perception and recognition memory

Abstract Most past research has focused on the role played by social context information in emotion classification, such as whether a display is perceived as belonging to one emotion category or another. The current study aims to investigate whether the effect of context extends to the interpretation of emotion displays, i.e. smiles that could be judged either as posed or spontaneous readouts of underlying positive emotion. A between-subjects design ( N = 93) was used to investigate the perception and recall of posed smiles, presented together with a happy or polite social context scenario. Results showed that smiles seen in a happy context were judged as more spontaneous than the same smiles presented in a polite context. Also, smiles were misremembered as having more of the physical attributes (i.e., Duchenne marker) associated with spontaneous enjoyment when they appeared in the happy than polite context condition. Together, these findings indicate that social context information is routinely encoded during emotion perception, thereby shaping the interpretation and recognition memory of facial expressions.

Topic: Face Recognition and Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Modeling of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical coupled processes in fractured media by Discrete Fracture Network

Non-isothermal fluid flow in fractured media is a complex process because both pressure and temperature variations deform the rock, thus modifying the aperture of the fractures. This in turn affects the pressure diffusion and the heat transfer, creating the so-called Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) coupling. The complexity is particularly great because the hydraulic process and the thermal process occur at different time scales and the fracture heterogeneity happen at different length scales. This means that strains are different if observed at the small scale. The numerical simulation of such coupled problems is challenging. An additional difficulty resides in relating these models to the large scale response, to get a characterization of the aquifer.

In this paper, we simulate the THM coupling by adopting a Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) approach with a Lagrangian method for the transport. We assume that the heat transfer occurs by means of advection within the fractures and diffusion toward the matrix. Thus, we adopt a particle tracking method to model heat transfer along streamlines with steady state flow, and we introduce a temperature decay to mimic the heat loss due to diffusion to the matrix. The methodology has been implemented within the DFN.lab platform, which allows for the generation and management of three-dimensional fracture networks with millions of fractures. The software allows for including heterogeneity within each fracture, which makes it possible to represent the presence of heterogeneity at small scale. At each fracture patch we calculate the variation of the fracture aperture in response to the thermal perturbation by means of simple elasticity laws. This small scale THM behavior is translated into a large scale behavior by observing at the variation of the heat transfer regime due to the mechanical response. In fact, the aperture variation is related to the hydraulic conductivity, which affects the flow regime and thus the heat transfer.

Future developments will include the comparison of numerical results with field experimental data of non-isothermal injection into a fractured aquifer. This would allow us to calibrate the model parameters, in order to get a more physically-based model. Another future extension is aimed at including thermal effects in the prediction of fracture growth

Topic: Rock Mechanics and Modeling
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Belarus: from a Social Contract to a Security Contract?

In 2014 Aliaksandr Lukashenka reached his twentieth anniversary as President of Belarus, prompting a series of analyses of just how he had managed to survive in power for so long.The best of these need only refi nement.Margarita Balmaceda, for example looks, at how Lukashenka has both extracted rent from Russia by exploiting his foreign policy value and used it skilfully to consolidate his hold on power.Russian subsidies maintain the Belarusian economy; but, she writes, 'while financial support from Russia has been key (in which access to external energy rents played an important role), no less important is the way these rents were used domestically' (Balmaceda 2014a, 515).Other studies by Pranevičiūtè-Neliupšienė and Maksimiuk (2014, 124-156), Ioffe (2014; Ioffe and Yarashevich 2011) and Yarashevich ( 2014) of what might be called 'distributional authoritarianism' have looked at the regime's spending on social goods to maintain baseline popularity and keep the level of coercion lower than it would be otherwise.Ironically, however, this analysis came at the very time when the old paradigm was changing.The war in Ukraine, Russia's increasingly problematic relations with all of its neighbours and Russia's own economic troubles put both the subsidy regime and Lukashenka's foreign policy balancing game in doubt.Lukashenka won offi cial re-election in 2015; but this was the fi rst time he had held an election in a recession, with the supply of social goods under threat.The maintenance of statehood and national security have suddenly become a much more prominent part of his governing formula, but it remains to be seen how secure that will make his rule in the future.In other words, just when we had some pretty good answers to explain how Belarus works and how Lukashenka has survived for so long, we need to know more. Economic RisksBelarus has had three recessions since 2008.The fi rst was in the global recession year of 2009.The second came after an unsustainable spending surge to

Topic: Eastern European Communism and Reforms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CHAPTER 63: Vector Control of Fruit Tree Viruses and Phytoplasmas

Among the virus and virus-like diseases of pome and stone fruits, some are epidemic in nature as they are spread widely by insect vectors. Sharka and the psyllid-transmitted phytoplasmas, such as pear decline, apple proliferation, and European stone fruit yellows, are typical examples. The control of insect vectors is, when possible, fundamental for the control of these diseases.

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of low electromagnetic fields on fetal death and bone marrow megakaryocytes in NMRI mouse neonates

Background and Objective: Low electromagnetic fields (LEMF) are produced by instruments which are works with electricity. This study was done to determine the effect of LEMF on fetal death and bone marrow megakaryocytes in NMRI mouse neonates. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 64 females’ mice with 6-8 old weeks were used. 2 female mice coupled with one male, and positive vaginal plaque was interpreted as the zero day of pregnancy (GD=0). The pregnant mice were randomly categorized into control and experimental groups. The experimental group were exposed to50HZ, 0.5 mT Low electromagnetic fields on 7-11 days of pregnant period (8h/d). The weight of neonate and death fetus were studied after delivery. The live neonates were dissected on 15th day, and 1 ml of bone marrow was extracted from Tibia and vertebral column, by pressing method. The bone marrow cells suspended in 1:1 IMDM in 15cc (FULCON) tubule and cells was counted with neobar lam. The data were tested by t-student test significance was set up at p<0.05. Results: There was significant differences between the mean weight of one day neonate in cases with controls (P<0.05). The mean of dead fetus in experimental group was higher than controls (P<0.05). The mean of megakaryocytes numbers higher than controls, but this differences was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that the number of megakaryocytes and fetal death were increased by low electromagnetic fields exposure during pregnancy.

Topic: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Anak dan Perempuan Pasca Perceraian

Abstract &#x0D; In general, it can be said that it is the will of the people who carry out the marriage, that the marriage will continue and only be interrupted when one of the husbands or wives dies. But in reality, maintaining a happy and eternal family is not easy. In the course of the household, there are often problems that result in disputes and quarrels. When the rights of one party are violated, or one of the parties does not carry out their obligations, there will be turmoil in the household. Many husbands and wives finally decide to end their marriage by divorce. Divorce has legal consequences both for ex-husbands and ex-wives and for children. The Marriage Law does not provide a clear description if there is a dispute or struggle for child custody (hadhanah), then custody of the child is given to the father or mother. However, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) provides a more detailed description of child custody or hadhanah. Based on Article 105 in conjunction with Article 156 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).&#x0D; Keywords: Post-divorce, children's rights, women's rights.&#x0D; &#x0D; Pada umumnya, dapat dikatakan bahwa, sudah menjadi kehendak dari orang-orang yang melangsungkan perkawinan, agar perkawinannya berlangsung terus menerus dan hanya terputus apabila salah seorang baik suami ataupun isteri meninggal dunia. Namun dalam kenyataanya, mempertahankan keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal tidaklah mudah. Dalam perjalanan rumah tangga, seringkali terjadi masalah yang mengakibatkan perselisihan dan pertengkaran. Ketika hak salah satu pihak dilanggar,atau salah satu pihak tidak menjalankan kewajibannya, maka akan timbul gejolak dalamrumah tangga tersebut. Banyak suami-isteri yang pada akhirnya memutuskan untuk untuk mengakhiri pernikahannya dengan perceraian. Perceraianmempunyai akibat hukum baik terhadap bekas suami maupun bekas isteri dan terhadap anak. &#x0D; Undang-Undang Perkawinan tidak memberikan uraian secara tegas jika terjadi sengketa atau perebutan hak asuh anak (hadhanah), maka hak asuh anak diberikan kepada bapak atau ibunya. Namun Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) memberikan uraian yang lebih detail tentang hak asuh anak atau hadhanah. Berdasarkan Pasal 105 jo Pasal 156 Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI).&#x0D; Kata kunci: Pasca perceraian, hak-hak anak, hak-hak perempuan

Topic: Marriage and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Least square method for solving contact problems with friction obeying the Coulomb law

The paper deals with numerical realization of contact problems with friction obeying the Coulomb law. The original problem is formulated as the fixed-point problem for a certain operator generated by the variational inequality. This inequality is transformed to a system of variational nonlinear equations generating other operators, in a sense "close" to the above one. The fixed-point problem of these operators is solved by the least-square method in which equations and the corresponding quadratic error play the role of the state equations and the cost function, respectively.

Topic: Contact Mechanics and Variational Inequalities
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interconnect enhancements for a high-speed PLD architecture

As programmable logic grows more viable for implementing full design systems, performance has become a primary issue for programmable logic device architectures. This paper presents the high-level design of Dali, a PLD architecture specifically aimed at performance-driven applications. We will present significant portions of the background research that contributed to our architectural decisions, an overview of the core routing architecture and benchmarking experiments used to evaluate the prototype device.

Topic: VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Structural Particles in Sinitic Languages: Typology and Diachrony

In the Chinese linguistic tradition, the term ‘structural particle(s)’ ( jiégòu zhùcí 结构助词) is used to refer to functional elements that mainly act as markers of adnominal modification, nominalisation, adverbial modification and in the so-called verb complement constructions. In Standard Mandarin, the three commonly used structural particles are all realised as /tə/, but they are written with different characters (的, 地 and 得), which somehow reflect their distinct origins. However, the same functions are mapped onto different markers in other Sinitic languages, and each of the functions listed above may be associated to more than one construction. In this paper, we provide an overview of the range of variation in the domain of structural particles in Sinitic, based on the analysis of a convenience sample of 77 Chinese dialects. We highlight some areal and genealogical trends in the distribution of these forms, and we discuss some hypotheses on their origins and on their evolution: specifically, we focus on the markers of adnominal and adverbial modification. We argue that markers of adnominal and adverbial modification may sometimes arise from different sources and undergo formal merger, due to structural analogy and/or to phonetic similarity.

Topic: Linguistic Variation and Morphology
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship of Hematocrit values with Age, Lactation Stage, Nutrient Levels of Dairy Cows and Temperature

A total of 1, 540 dairy cows were examined to determine the effects of age, milk yield, lactation stage, TDN, DCP levels and temperature regarding hematocrit values (Ht). Except for the DCP level all items affected Ht. Ht during the high temperature season was lower than in low temperature season (p<0.01). Increased water intake during the summer seemed to be one of the factors which decreased Ht.To get corrected Ht in the summer, multiple regression analysis was performed using 4 variables relating to the Ht. Multiple correlation coefficient was 0.364 (p<0.01).To reveal the effects of the milking stage and feeding management on Ht, it is recommended that Ht becorrected by age, milk yield and temperature

Topic: Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences