jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Profile of Orthopaedic Implant Associated Infections: A Prospective Study

Introduction: The incidence of orthopaedic implantation and implantation associated infections were correspondingly increasing among the elderly and trauma patients. The resistance among the pathogens pose a unique challenge to the clinicians in the management of the infection. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC), Metallo Beta-Lactamases (MBL) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) producing bacterial pathogens are responsible for a high rate of relapsing infections and outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Aim: To focus on accounting the incidence of ESBL, AmpC, MBL and MRSA and its antibiogram for effective management of implant associated infection. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study which was conducted using various samples like pus, wound swab, serous discharge. These samples were collected under aseptic precautions in sterile containers for the period of one year (February 2015-February 2016). A total of 200 samples were inoculated on Blood agar and McConkey agar and identified. The isolates were tested for detection of ESBL, AmpC, MBL and MRSA as per standard protocol. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0 Chicago, USA. Results: Most commonly used implants were intramedullary interlocking nail 138 (65.7%) followed by dynamic compression plates 23 (11.0%) and anatomical plates 18 (8.6%). Of the total of 200 samples, 190 (95%) samples yielded monomicrobial isolates and 10 (5%) samples yielded polymicrobial isolate. gram negative isolates 108 (51.4%) were marginally higher than gram positive isolates 102 (48.6%). The predominant isolate was S. aureus 81 (38.5%) followed by Klebsiella spp. 28 (13.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21 (10.0%). In gram negative isolates, 76 (70.4%) were ESBL and/or AmpC producers. Of which, 48 (44.4%) were ESBL and AmpC co-producers. There were no MBL producing isolates. In gram positive isolates, majority were S. aureus 81 (79.4%) followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 21 (20.6%). Out of 81 S. aureus isolates, 46 (56.8%) were MRSA. Out of 21 CoNS, majority 17 (81%) isolates were methicillin-resistant. Implant failures were observed in 28 (14%) cases. Out of 28, majority 12 (42.8%) of the implant failures were MRSA. Conclusion: High rates of ESBL, AmpC and MRSA infections associated with implant surgeries indicate the necessity to formulate antibiotic policies and control measures. ESBL and AmpC producing strains were found to show higher rates of resistance to the various class of antibiotics when compared to non-ESBL and non-AmpC producers. MRSA isolates were found to show higher rates of resistance to various classes of antibiotics when compared to MSSA.

Topic: Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Manipulation Effects, Open-Field Experience and Digestive Transit Time in Wistar Male and Female Rats

14 male and 16 female Wistar (DAB) 113-day-old rats were observed in an open-field situation, in their home cages after manipulation, and in home cages without manipulation. Incidences of defecation and urination, locomotor activity, and digestive transit time were recorded during 4-min. sessions for 6 days. Animals were more likely to eliminate in the open-field situation than in their home cages, and more rats eliminated in this group than in the other two groups. It appears that the effect of the open-field situation on eliminative behavior is not related to that of manipulation incident to the observation of the animal in the open field. The decrease in digestive transit time of animals placed in the open field further suggests that the open-field situation is more effective than manipulation in modifying digestive transit time.

Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A study of the nitrogen balance in vitamin B2 deficiency in the rat

Research Article| January 01 1931 A study of the nitrogen balance in vitamin B2 deficiency in the rat Stanisław Kazimierz Kon Stanisław Kazimierz Kon 1The Biochemical Department, State School of Hygiene, Warsaw Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1931) 25 (2): 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0250482 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Stanisław Kazimierz Kon; A study of the nitrogen balance in vitamin B2 deficiency in the rat. Biochem J 1 January 1931; 25 (2): 482–493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0250482 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1931 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1931 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Biotin and Related Studies
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tobacco Regulation and Cost-Benefit Analysis: How Should We Value Foregone Consumer Surplus?

Recent tobacco regulations proposed by the Food and Drug Administration have raised a thorny question: how should the cost-benefit analysis accompanying such policies value foregone consumer surplus associated with regulation-induced reductions in smoking? In a model with rational and fully informed consumers, this question is straightforward. There is disagreement, however, about whether consumers are rational and fully informed, and the literature offers little practical guidance about what approach the FDA should use if they are not. In this paper, we outline the history of the FDA's recent attempts to regulate cigarettes and other tobacco products and how they have valued foregone consumer surplus in cost-benefit analyses. We advocate replacing the approach used in most of this literature, which first calculates health gains associated with regulation and then "offsets" them by some factor reflecting consumer surplus losses, with a more general behavioral public finance framework for welfare analysis. This framework applies standard tools of welfare analysis to consumer demand that may be "biased" (that is, not necessarily rational and fully informed) without requiring specific assumptions about the reason for the bias. This framework would require estimates of both biased and unbiased consumer demand; we sketch an agenda to help develop these in the context of smoking. The use of this framework would substantially reduce the confusion currently surrounding welfare analysis of tobacco regulation.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figures S1 - S7 &amp; Supplementary Table S1 from SKLB-23bb, A HDAC6-Selective Inhibitor, Exhibits Superior and Broad-Spectrum Antitumor Activity via Additionally Targeting Microtubules

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: A, HDAC6 activity assay of the cell lines. B, The quantified relative expression level of Ac- ÃŽÂ±-tubulin and Ac-H3 in the cell lines effected by the HDAC inhibitors. Figure S2: Clonogenic formation potential of HDAC6 knock out cell lines compared to parent cell lines. Figure S3: Morphological analysis of the cellular microtubule network and Ac-ÃŽÂ±-tubulin by immunofluorescence staining. Figure S4: Effects of ACY1215 on cell cycle in A2780s cells. Figure S5: Effects of SKLB-23bb on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Figure S6: SKLB-23bb exhibited superior anti-tumor activity in B cell lymphoma HBL-1 xenografts. Figure S7: The quantified relative expression level of Ac- ÃŽÂ±-tubulin, Ac-H3 and p-H3 in the hct116 xenograft tissues post SKLB-23bb single dose. Table S1: Summary of the anti-tumor activity of SKLB-23BB compared to ACY1215 against HBL-1 xenograft.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Brazilian <i>Aedes aegypti</i> as a Competent Vector for Multiple Complex Arboviral Coinfections

Abstract Background Aedes aegypti is a highly competent vector in the transmission of arboviruses, such as chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and yellow fever viruses, and causes single and coinfections in the populations of tropical countries. Methods The infection rate, viral abundance (VA), vector competence (VC), disseminated infection, and survival rate were recorded after single and multiple infections of the vector with 15 combinations of chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and yellow fever arboviruses. Results Infection rates were 100% in all single and multiple infection experiments, except in 1 triple coinfection that presented a rate of 50%. The VC and disseminated infection rate varied from 100% (in single and quadruple infections) to 40% (in dual and triple infections). The dual and triple coinfections altered the VC and/or VA of ≥1 arbovirus. The highest viral VAs were detected for a single infection with chikungunya. The VAs in quadruple infections were similar when compared with each respective single infection. A decrease in survival rates was observed in a few combinations. Conclusions A. aegypti was able to host all single and multiple arboviral coinfections. The interference of the chikungunya virus suggests that distinct arbovirus families may have a significant role in complex coinfections.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Externality of Beijing's Traffic Issues and It's Government Solutions

By Aug.2003,there were more than 2 million motor cars,including 1.3 million owned by privates.As population expand incomes increase,and car prices go down,more cars will be seen in streets of Beijing.Beijing's traffic congestion causes many social and natural problems,such as air pollution and deaths in traffic.We recommend using the externality theory of environmental economics to understand the externalities of car transportation.The crux of Beijing's traffic congestion is the market failure caused by its externalities.Because of the group characteristic of the car transportation,the handling of its externalities should be relied on government solutions.By looking into other cities' traffic measures,such as London of UK,Singapore and Nagoya of Japan,we recommend using the combination of force control and economic incentive to reinforce the management of Beijing's traffic,so as to control the total amount of cars,to limit too many cars to go into the center of the city in rush hours and to encourage the citizens to use the mass transportations.Limited certificate of car ownership,congestion charging,and encourgement system for using mass traffic tools might be considered to apply in Beijing.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Managers as workplace learning facilitators

This exploratory, interview-based study (n = 29) elicits activities carried out by managers in support of employees' learning and surfaces similarities and differences in the ways these activities are perceived by novice, experienced and mid-career workers. Analysis suggests that managers provide a wide variety of types of learning support, ranging from hands-on support on operational issues, structuring individual development programmes and advice on learning opportunities, to coaching, career advice, counselling and being a role model. The perceptions of novice, experienced and mid-career professionals are compared and contrasted, tentative patterns identified and a typology of managers' learning facilitation activities proposed. The results suggest that to enable managers to facilitate workplace learning effectively, a broader range of competences and skills should be considered when training managers.

Topic: Organizational Learning and Leadership
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Heterogeneitiesof Site-Specific N‑Glycosylation in the Hippocampus of Depression-likeBehavior Models in Mice Induced by Acute Stress and Chronic Stress

It is well established that acute and chronic stress contributes to the onset and progression of depression, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here an integrated N-glycoproteomic and proteomic analysis was performed to investigate heterogeneities of glycoprotein and site-specific glycosylation between the hippocampi of control, acute stress-affected (AS), and chronic mild stress-affected (CMS) mice. 1063 unique intact N-glycopeptides, 116 N-glycan compositions, and 512 glycosylation sites were identified. CMS and AS had significant effects on glycosylation. CMS reduced multiantenna glycosylation (N8H8 and N6H5F1S1) more strongly, while AS reduced multiantenna glycosylation (N5H3F1) more strongly. CMS inhibited high-mannose synthesis with high polymerization (N2H9 and N2H8), while AS inhibited high-mannose synthesis with low polymerization (N2H6, H2H5). Furthermore, 26 and 39 glycosylation-related genes (GRGs) were identified in the AS and CMS groups, separately. Functional enrichment analysis for GRGs in the AS and CMS groups exhibited that the up-regulated functions were leading edge membrane and cell adhesion molecule binding; meanwhile, the down-regulated functions were cAMP signaling pathways. Finally, tSNE analysis based on ScRNA-seq revealed that core GRGs were highly expressed in astrocytes. All of these findings improve our understanding of glycosylation in stress-related depression, providing valuable data resources for depression pathogenesis exploration and novel therapeutic target discovery.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetically Modified Organisms as a Food Source: History, Controversy, and Hope

Chances are you have consumed a genetically modified organism (GMO) or at least the product of one. At the turn of the 21st century, more than 100 million acres of agricultural land in the United States were seeded with GMOs and over 90% of the strains of corn and soybeans planted were genetically modified. This chapter shares some brief information about the history of GMOs and discusses the controversial aspects of their use and applications.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Improved Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life after Conversion from Mycophenolate Mofetil to Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Renal Transplant Patients Receiving

contributed equally to this work. It is reported that a conversion from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) relieves gastrointestinal (GI) symptom burden and improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, it is unclear whether renal transplant recipients using tacrolimus receive the same benefit from the conversion. In this prospective, multi-center, open-label trial, patients were categorized into two groups by their GI symptom screening. Equimolar EC-MPS (n=175) was prescribed for patients with GI burdens; those with no complaints remained on MMF (n=83). Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) were evaluated at baseline and after one month. Patients and physicians completed Overall Treatment Effect (OTE) at one month. EC-MPS-converted patients had worse GSRS and GIQLI scores at baseline than MMF-continued patients (all P&amp;lt;0.001). Significant improvements in GSRS and GIQLI scores were observed for EC-MPS-converted patients at

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Effects of 17-DMAG on non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1975  being resistant to EGFR-TKI].

17-DMAG inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1975 and also induced apoptosis of both cell lines. It down-regulated the expression of mutant EGFR protein while this phenomenon was not observed in EGFR-wild type cell line. This suggested that the mechanism maybe different between A549 and H1975 cell lines with different genetic backgroud. Our study provided new strategy for treatment with NSCLC being resistant to EGFR-TKI.

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Treatment of local complications

The recently revised Atlanta classification addresses the clinical presentation, types, and (clinical and morphologic) complications of acute pancreatitis. Local complications are peripancreatic fluid collections, pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis (sterile or infected), pseudocyst, and walled-off necrosis (WON). Laparotomy with complete necrosectomy has long been the standard intervention in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who showed clinical deterioration. Recent studies have shown that the success rate of open necrosectomy has improved significantly (11–19%), probably due to better supportive care on the intensive care unit and optimal timing of surgery. Albeit rare, some acute abdominal complications in acute pancreatitis still require laparotomy. Several minimally invasive intervention strategies are available for drainage and/or debridement of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Percutaneous catheter drainage, percutaneous necrosectomy, video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD), laparoscopic necrosectomy, and endoscopic transluminal drainage and necrosectomy are all examples of minimally invasive interventions. In 2013, the IAP/APA evidence-based guideline for the management for acute pancreatitis was published.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Response to Christopher Insole’s <i>Kant and the Divine: From Contemplation to the Moral Law</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)

This is a response given at the book launch for Christopher Insole’s Kant and the Divine: From Contemplation to the Moral Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), hosted jointly, in November 2020, by the Centre for Catholic Studies, Durham University, and the Australian Catholic University. The response focuses on the continuity and rupture that Insole claims to find between Kant’s early and late philosophy, and draws attention to an aesthetic sensibility across Kant’s thought: a Platonic and rationalist aesthetics which focuses on the qualities of harmony, plenitude and perfection that Insole finds to be the ‘base notes’ of Kant’s thought.

Topic: Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Fine polar invariants of minimal singularities of surface

We consider the polar curves $\PSO$ arising from generic projections of a germ $(S,0)$ of complex surface singularity onto $\C^2$. Taking $(S,0)$ to be a minimal singularity of normal surface (i.e. a rational singularity with reduced tangent cone), we give the $δ$-invariant of these polar curves, as well as the equisingularity-type of their generic plane projections, which are also the discriminants of generic projections of $(S,0)$. These two (equisingularity)-data for $\PSO$ are described in term, on the one side of the geometry of the tangent cone of $(S,0)$ and on the other side of the limit-trees introduced by T. de Jong and D. van Straten for the deformation theory of these minimal singularities. These trees give a combinatorial device for the description of the polar curve which makes it much clearer than in our previous Note on the subject. This previous work mainly relied on a result of M. Spivakovsky. Here we give a geometrical proof via deformations (on the tangent cone, and what we call Scott deformations) and blow-ups, although we need Spivakovsky's result at some point, extracting some other consequences of it along the way.

Topic: Commutative Algebra and Its Applications
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
[{sup 13}N]ammonia production via deuteron irradiation of buckminsterfullerene

The most common nuclear reactions used for the accelerator production of nitrogen-13 are graphically summarized. At present, [{sup 13}N]ammonia is generated in ample quantities for PET imaging purposes by the interaction of relatively energetic(6-17 MeV) protons with an oxygen-16 rich target(natural abundance water) or carbon-13 rich target. Natural abundance carbon must be used for the low energy deuteron production of {sup 13}N and is the target of choice in preliminary results for {sup 13}N production using 8 MeV {sup 3}He{sup 2+}. In some cases, the {sup 13}N produced is already in the form of ammonia, while in others, the radiolabeled species must be chemically converted to ammonia. In order to meet the anticipated growth in clinical use of this important MBF tracer and to keep pace with the development of smaller, lower energy accelerators that can operate at < 8 MeV incident particle energy, sufficient {sup 13}N can only be readily produced with a carbon-rich target such as fullerenes.

Topic: Boron Compounds in Chemistry
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring a voice user interface to convey information in an e-commerce website

Screen readers for visually impaired users are poorly optimized for e-commerce websites hence the exclusion of the content. It creates a societal need for accessibility of the content in e-commerce websites for the visually impaired users. This study explores how six blindfolded participants could co-design a Voice User Interface (VUI) in an e-commerce website to convey its information that creates a good user experience for visually impaired. The result of a co-design workshop with interaction design practices showed that a VUI should be humanlike and convey relevant information. Failed speech recognition and overwhelming information had a negative impact on the user experience. To cope with the problems, the VUI should provide more control to the users by conveying explicit confirmations and retrospective information from past shopping trips. Due to the difficulties in finding visually impaired participants, the design process was not completed hence the ideation needs an additional design process.

Topic: Speech and dialogue systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Myocardial 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy during bicycle ergometry as a method of evaluating the severity of chronic ischemic heart disease].

The time course of myocardial 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation 1 hour after a bicycle ergometric test versus the resting scintigraphic findings was correlated with the severity of chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) and long-term prognosis. A group of the patients who had higher radiotracer accumulation following the exercise showed the most severe disease and unfavorable prognosis (in this group 19.4% deaths were observed during a three-year follow-up). A single administration of 99mTc-pyrophosphate followed by scintigraphy 2 hours after bicycle ergometry and repeated scintigraphy 1 hour later allows one to assess the time course of myocardial radiotracer accumulation and to judge how the myocardium is supplied by blood.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences