jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer: altering the natural history by dietary changes.

The importance of diet on the development and progression of prostate cancer was initially suggested by epidemiological studies. Since then, there has been a vast amount of research in this field. Compelling evidence now provides hope that evidence-based dietary alterations may markedly alter the natural history of this disease. Is there enough evidence for clinicians to be able to advise dietary modifications? The preliminary results no doubt are encouraging, but at present there seems to be no evidence to justify the widespread use of these proposed dietary interventions. However, as public awareness increases, all physicians involved with the care of patients with cancer of the prostate will need to be better armed with the current updates and advice on this issue.

Topic: Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The web of Big Lies: state-sponsored disinformation in Iran

The 2022 'Women, Life, Freedom' protests in Iran have led to the escalation of state-sponsored online disinformation campaigns. This paper aims to examine how, amidst a growing legitimacy crisis, the Iranian regime has employed a 'Big Lie' to shatter hopes for change by discrediting influential dissidents and hindering the formation of an effective opposition movement. Three target groups have borne the brunt of this strategy: celebrities, political dissidents inside the country, and prominent opponents in the diaspora. By reviewing state-owned media content and tweets, this paper reveals a consistent pattern of character assassination against dissidents. The ruling regime's ultimate goal is to foster a sense of public hopelessness for an alternative to the Islamic Republic. By conceptualizing the Big Lie online, the study engages with the mechanism of control in modern despotism in the age of the internet and social media.

Topic: Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 1 of Equine grass sickness (a multiple systems neuropathy) is associated with alterations in the gastrointestinal mycobiome

Additional file 1: Table S1. Numbers of OTUs, phylotypes and high quality sequences in equine GI samples (n = 265) from EGS (n = 31), CTRL (n = 54) and CoG (n = 48) horses. Figure S1. Rarefaction curve of phylotype richness for individual GI samples (n = 265) showing adequate coverage. Table S2. Number and % of phylotypes (assignments were available for 2460/2816 phylotypes) and key phylotypes (assignments were available for 35/56 key phylotypes) assigned to each of the 20 growth morphologies. Some phylotypes and key phylotypes were assigned to multiple growth morphologies. Table S3. Number and % of phylotypes (assignments were available for 2460/2816 phylotypes) and key phylotypes (assignments were available for 35/56 key phylotypes) assigned to each of the 3 FUNGuild trophic modes. Some phylotypes and key phylotypes were assigned to multiple trophic modes. Table S4. Number and % of phylotypes (assignments were available for 2460/2816 phylotypes) and key phylotypes (assignments were available for 35/56 key phylotypes) assigned to each of 26 ecological guilds. Some phylotypes and key phylotypes were assigned to multiple ecological guilds. Figure S2. Taxonomy plots showing relative abundance of taxa at (A) order and (B) family levels. Data are filtered at 0.05% abundance threshold. Table S5. Statistical comparison of indices of alpha-diversity across all 5 GI sites (overall) and between paired GI sites. Data pooled for all horses; ANOVA, P values. Significant differences in bold, letter indicates higher value (Ca = caecum; F = faeces). Table S6. Weighted UniFrac distance analysis identified significant inter-site dissimilarity in mycobiota structure in EGS and CTRL horses, at phylotype level. P values, statistically different comparisons are indicated in bold. Table S7. Inter-group weighted UniFrac distance analysis at different GI sites, at phylotype level (P values). Statistically significant dissimilarity is indicated in bold. Table S8. Numbers of differentially abundant taxa, at phylum, class, order, family, genus and phylotype levels.

Topic: Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Introduction to <i>Cognitive and Social Neuroscience of Aging</i>

Cognitive and Social Neuroscience of Aging is an introduction to how aging affects the brain, intended for audiences with some knowledge of psychology, aging, or neuroscience. The book includes figures illustrating brain regions so that extensive familiarity with neuroanatomy is not a pre-requisite. The depth of coverage also makes this book appropriate for those with considerable knowledge about aging. This book adopts an integrative perspective, including topics such as memory, cognition, cognitive training, emotion, and social processes. Topics include consideration of individual differences and the impact of disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease) on brain function with age. Although many declines occur with age, cognitive neuroscience research reveals plasticity and adaptation in the brain as a function of normal aging. This book is written with this perspective in mind, emphasizing the ways in which neuroscience methods have enriched and changed thinking about aging.

Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Correspondence, 1991 Jan. 31 - May 1

General correspondence and materials obtained from other sources. Included are drafts of the report as well as correspondence amongst the general counsel and deputy general counsel, and a collection of material including: Interview summaries, witness interview list, witness statements, 1991 January 31 - May 1. PART OF A SERIES: To better understand how LAPD management reacts to problem officers, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &amp; Flom examined the Department's procedures regarding the identification, documentation, and response to personnel complaints. The series includes memoranda and correspondence; attorney notes; materials related to the firm's administrative capacities, including staff rosters and work plans; flow charts that illustrate the LAPD's structure and organization; and draft copies of the firm's contributions to the Commission report.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A stochastic optimal model of micro energy internet contains rooftop PV and CCHP system

Micro Energy internet generally refers to energy system with multi-energy synergism, is achieved through energy conversion, storage, demand response and other technologies, realizes coupling energy and information deeply. This paper introduces a stochastic optimal operation model of micro Energy Internet contains CCHP system and rooftop PV modules. A representative scenarios method is used to describe the uncertainty of PV output power. A stochastic MILP model with probability was established and verified by actual data in the case study section.

Topic: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peran Orang Tua dalam Mengembangkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This research was conducted to find out how the role of parents in developing early childhood creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research subjects were students of RA Hidayatul Islamiyah, parents, teachers, and principals. Research data were collected by several techniques, such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The triangulation technique is carried out by means of triangulation of techniques and sources, namely by re-checking the information from interviews with documentation and observations and matching from one informant to other informants. The results of research on the role of parents in developing children's creativity in cooking cakes in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, show that there are parents who pay less attention to children's learning activities at home, but there are also parents who collaborate with teachers to direct children to study at home.&#x0D; The conclusion of this research is the role of parents who have high enthusiasm in developing children's learning creativity will have a good impact on children, especially during the current covid-19 pandemic, children really need the role of parents to develop children's creativity through cooking cakes taught at home.

Topic: Educational Methods and Impacts
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
In vitro Influence of Phenylalanine on Acetylcholinesterase Activity and DNA

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a significant compo­nent of the membrane contributing to the permeability changes during synaptic transmission and conduction. Phenylketonuria is a group of metabolic disorders in which phenylalanine (Phe) is highly elevated in blood (up to 0 .1 ᴍ) resulting in*mental retardation etc. AChE activity was measured spectrophotometrically after incu­ bation with various Phe concentrations. Phe interaction with DNA was evaluated with an established HPLC method. Phe was found to inhibit AChE almost 40% , at a concentration of 5 mᴍ, whereas a 62.5% DNA peak exclusion (molecular interaction) was observed when Phe was incubated with DNA at a concentration of 3 mᴍ. In addition the ratio of DNA: Phe determined the potency of the observed molecular effect.

Topic: Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulation of Aquaporin Prip Expression and Its Physiological Function in Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Rhyzopertha dominica Prip (RdPrip) cDNA was cloned (GenBank accession no. OK318454), and the encoded 276-amino-acid protein indicated the typical aquaporin structure, including six transmembrane regions and two NPA motifs. The developmental and tissue profiles of RdPrip transcription were determined. RdPrip was highly transcribed in female adults, followed by larvae, pupae, and male adults. The transcriptional expression levels of RdPrip were significantly high in the ovary and hindgut (including cryptonephridial systems) compared with the foregut, testis, midgut, and Malpighian tubules. Knockdown of RdPrip in female adults did not decrease fecundity, but significantly decreased the hatching rate of eggs laid by the females. The results suggest that RdPrip functions in embryonic development, not in egg formation. In addition, the transcriptional expression level of RdPrip was lower in the spinosad-resistant strain than in the susceptible one, and the resistant strain produced fewer progeny than the susceptible strain did. These studies support the functional role of RdPrip in female reproduction. The absence of significant mortality reduction in the R. dominica exposed to spinosad after RdPrip RNAi suggests that other aquaporins that were not knocked down may exist for the excretion of metabolized pesticides.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Endogenous low-level expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor enables coxsackievirus B3 infection of RD cells

Cells in which the appropriate viral receptor cannot be detected may paradoxically act as a host to the virus. For example, RD cells are often considered to be non-permissive for infection with coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent group B coxsackieviruses (CVB), insofar as inoculated cell monolayers show little or no cytopathic effect (CPE) and immunohistological assays for CAR have been consistently negative. Supernatants recovered from RD cells exposed to CVB, however, contained more virus than was added in the initial inoculum, indicating that productive virus replication occurred in the monolayer. When infected with a recombinant CVB type 3 (CVB3) chimeric strain expressing S-Tag within the viral polyprotein, 4–11 % of RD cells expressed S-Tag over 48 h. CAR mRNA was detected in RD cells by RT-PCR, and CAR protein was detected on Western blots of RD lysates; both were detected at much lower levels than in HeLa cells. Receptor blockade by an anti-CAR antibody confirmed that CVB3 infection of RD cells was mediated by CAR. These results show that some RD cells in the culture population express CAR and can thereby be infected by CVB, which explains the replication of CAR-dependent CVB in cell types that show little or no CPE and in which CAR has not previously been detected. Cells within cultures of cell types that have been considered non-permissive may express receptor transiently, leading to persistent replication of virus within the cultured population.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Diplomatic History: The Turkey-Armenia Protocols

Diplomatic History: The Turkey-Armenia Protocols was published by Columbia University’s Institute for the Study of Human Rights and the Future of Diplomacy Project at Harvard’s Kennedy School (March 1, 2012). The monograph studies Turkish-Armenian rapprochement since 2001, which culminated in the signing of The Protocols on Normalization of Armenian-Turkish Relations. Though the Protocols were never ratified, the monograph offers suggestions for revitalizing diplomacy aimed at opening the Turkey-Armenia border to normal travel and trade. It was presented to an inter-agency group convened by the U.S. State Department, a briefing to staff of the House International Affairs Committee, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Turkish and Armenian officials, audiences in Turkey and Armenia, Swiss mediators, and Columbia students.

Topic: Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Research Areas and Stratification Processes in Science

We present data for two research areas, delimited by co-citation analysis, to assess several hypotheses about the articulation of research area structure and stratification processes among scientists. Two main issues are examined. First, we contrast the social status of the members of the two areas with the general status levels shown by members of disciplines which encompass the two areas. This contrast is relevant to hypotheses about the social characteristics of central intellectual figures in research areas. Second, we examine the effect of a scientist's participation in the development of a research area on subsequent scientific performance in order to determine the extent to which such participation should be included in analyses of scientific productivity and status.

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Pupilla alluvionica</i>Meng &amp; Hoffmann, 2008: A Land Snail Extant in the Altai Refugium Recognised for the First Time in Central European Early-Middle Pleistocene Glacials

Pupilla alluvionica Meng & Hoffmann, 2008 is an extant land snail species known until now only from a few sites in the Russian Altai Mountains. We have now identified it in fossil loess assemblages of Early-Middle Pleistocene age at three Central European sites. Fossil materials match those of Altaian populations, being only slightly smaller in mean shell width. In addition to the details of the locations and biometrics of these fossil finds, we list the faunas associated with P. alluvionica in the deposits. These are compared with the ecological conditions and associated faunas of living populations from the Altai. Pupilla alluvionica is a typical inhabitant of xeric habitats: steppes with rocky limestone outcrops. This matches the known habitat preferences of associated species in the fossil deposits that are typical of open loess steppe.

Topic: Mollusks and Parasites Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Bilateral Agenesis of Maxillary Lateral Incisors with a Mini Split Crest

The reported clinical case describes the surgical procedure of ridge augmentation by using a “split crest” technique with a partial thickness flap and a subsequent implant-prosthetic rehabilitation aimed at treating a bilateral agenesis of the upper lateral incisors. In such cases with vestibule-palatal and mesial-distal scarce bone thicknesses associated with the need of a proper functional and aesthetic rehabilitation, the split crest technique is particularly suitable. In the case we reported, because of the poor bone thicknesses, we performed a minimally invasive split crest which allowed a correct insertion of the fixtures. This technique allowed us to achieve an optimal functional and aesthetic rehabilitation; moreover, we obtained a good emergency profile, ensuring the vitality of the close teeth and ensuring a good primary stability and the following osseointegration of dental implants.

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on 3D Reconstruction based on Bionic Head-eye Cooperation

In order to solve the problem of difficult pose solution with a small amount of data input, a 3D reconstruction model of fixed pose is proposed based on bionic head-eye cooperation in this paper. Firstly, the model of the extreme positions of head-eye coordination is built and the Information Obtained Frequency (IOF) is obtained. By adopting the bionic method, the traditional 3D reconstruction method is improved, and the problem of solving poses is transformed into a fixed pose pre-processing. We obtain the fixed pose-matched RGB image and depth map through IOF, so that the bionic pose can be directly used for 3D reconstruction. This model is suitable for indoor mobile robots. On the premise of meeting the navigation requirements of the robot, a more accurate 3D reconstruction node model that conforms to human vision can be obtained.

Topic: Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bi-Directional Mode-Locked Thulium Fiber Laser as a Single-Cavity Dual-Comb Source

We demonstrate the use of a bi-directional mode-locked thulium doped fiber ring laser as a single cavity free-running dual-comb source. We consider the effect of group-velocity dispersion on the repetition rate difference between the two combs and demonstrate a tunable repetition rate difference from 48-229 Hz. Dual-comb spectroscopy of atmospheric H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O near 1.87 μm is performed over a 1.47-m air path in laboratory with a peak single-shot signal-to-noise ratio of 27.5.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of a Chiral α-(Aminooxy)arylacetic Ester. I. A Route through Optical Resolution of a Racemic α-(Phthalimidooxy)arylacetic Acid

Abstract A synthetic route has been developed to the synthesis of a chiral O-alkyloxime (S)-16, which can be a synthetic intermediate for a potent antipsedomonal cephalosporin antibiotic M-14659 (1). The oxime moiety in (S)-16 has a chiral center at the carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom. We have achieved that (S)-16 can be prepared via t-butyl 2-aminooxy-2-[3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)phenyl]acetate [(S)-15] from an optically active α-(phthalimidooxy) acid (S)-12a which is obtained by resolution using quinine. It has been demostrated that M-14659 prepared from (S)-16 is completely free from its (R)-diastereomer.

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Parental Perspectives on Influenza Vaccination among Children with Asthma

Objectives. The objectives of this study were to: ( 1) identify modifiable factors influencing receipt of influenza vaccination among children with asthma, and ( 2) to evaluate the effect of heightened media attention on vaccination rates. Methods. During November and December 2003, we interviewed parents of children with asthma about their experiences with and beliefs about influenza vaccination. We randomly selected 500 children from a study population of 2,140 children identified with asthma in a managed care organization in Massachusetts. We obtained data on influenza vaccination status from computerized medical records and determined significant factors influencing receipt of influenza vaccination. Results. Children were more likely to be vaccinated if their parent recalled a physician recommendation (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5, 4.5), believed the vaccine worked well (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4, 2.8), or expressed little worry about vaccine adverse effects (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0, 1.6), or if the child was younger (OR 1.1 per year of age; 95% CI 1.0, 1.2). During the study period, there was heightened media attention about influenza illness and the vaccine. The influenza vaccination rate for children with asthma was 43% in 2003–04 compared with 27% in 2002–03. Comparison of weekly influenza vaccination rates in 2003–04 and 2002–03 suggested that the media attention was associated with the increase in vaccination rates. Conclusions. Physician recommendations and parental education about influenza vaccine availability, effectiveness, and adverse effects are potentially important influences on influenza vaccination. Our findings suggest that media coverage of the risks of influenza was associated with a significant increase in vaccination rates.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Randomized Clinical Study to Compare the Efficacy of Phenylephrine Bolus and Infusion for Maternal Hypotension and Neonatal Outcome during Lower Segment Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia

<strong>Introduction</strong>: Phenylephrine is the ideal vasopressor for spinal anesthesia in ceasearen section, this study was undertaken to compare the bolus doses of 50μg of Phenylephrine with a prophylactic fixed infusion rate of 50μg/min of the same drug. <strong>Methodology</strong>: A prospective randomized, comparative study of 60 parturients scheduled for elective or emergency ceasearean section Patients were randomly assigned into two groups by sealed envelope method (bolus/infusion) group. After recording the baseline vital parameters and preloading with 500 ml Ringer lactate, spinal anaesthesia will be administered .Group A received injection Phenylephrine 50 μg bolus if systolic blood pressure is &lt;20% basal value, bolus was repeated if necessary. Group B were given Phenylephrine 50 μg/min infusion started immediately after spinal anesthesia and continued for 2 minutes and subsequent adjustment was made, Hemodynamic monitoring will be done every minute till extraction of the baby. <strong>Results</strong>: The present study showed that the mean fall in SBP, DBP, MAP were less in infusion group (p&lt;0.001)compared to bolus group however the fall in HR is more in bolus compared to infusion group (p&lt;0.001) . <strong>Conclusion</strong>: We conclude that prophylactic phenylephrine infusion leads to a significantly better control of post spinal hypotension compared to Phenylephrine bolus dose.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences