jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Galactic star formation and accretion histories from matching galaxies to dark matter haloes

We present a new statistical method to determine the relationship between the stellar masses of galaxies and the masses of their host dark matter haloes over the entire cosmic history from z~4 to the present. This multi-epoch abundance matching (MEAM) model self-consistently takes into account that satellite galaxies first become satellites at times earlier than they are observed. We employ a redshift-dependent parameterization of the stellar-to-halo mass relation to populate haloes and subhaloes in the Millennium simulations with galaxies, requiring that the observed stellar mass functions at several redshifts be reproduced simultaneously. Using merger trees extracted from the dark matter simulations in combination with MEAM, we predict the average assembly histories of galaxies, separating into star formation within the galaxies (in-situ) and accretion of stars (ex-situ). The peak star formation efficiency decreases with redshift from 23% at z=0 to 9% at z=4 while the corresponding halo mass increases from 10^11.8M\odot to 10^12.5M\odot. The star formation rate of central galaxies peaks at a redshift which depends on halo mass; for massive haloes this peak is at early cosmic times while for low-mass galaxies the peak has not been reached yet. In haloes similar to that of the Milky-Way about half of the central stellar mass is assembled after z=0.7. In low-mass haloes, the accretion of satellites contributes little to the assembly of their central galaxies, while in massive haloes more than half of the central stellar mass is formed ex-situ with significant accretion of satellites at z<2. We find that our method implies a cosmic star formation history and an evolution of specific star formation rates which are consistent with those inferred directly. We present convenient fitting functions for stellar masses, star formation rates, and accretion rates as functions of halo mass and redshift.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ultrasound for Detection of Ascites and for Guidance of the Paracentesis Procedure: Technique and Review of the Literature

Objective: To review the use of ultrasound (US) for the detection of free intraperitoneal fluid (ascites) and for the procedural guidance of the paracentesis procedure. Methods: Two clinical vignettes are presented to review the pertinent diagnostic, management and safety considerations associated with paracentesis. First, US techniques used for the identification of ascites and in the quantification of fluid pockets amenable to aspiration will be discussed. Next, the actual steps required for the performance of US-guided paracentesis will be covered. A review and analysis of the most current literature regarding US and paracentesis then follows. Conclusion: Current literature favors US-guided paracentesis over the traditional blind technique with a significant reduction in both the rate of unsuccessful aspiration of fluid and in the bleeding complications related to this procedure. Use of US for both the diagnostic and therapeutic management of ascites should be advocated as an essential skill for physicians and other health care providers caring for these patients.

Topic: Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FDA Black Box, VA Red Ink? A Successful Service-Connected Disability Claim for Chronic Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects From Mefloquine.

More veterans are likely to present to the VA with service-connected claims for adverse effects related to exposure to a prophylactic antimalarial drug commonly used by the military for more than 2 decades.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Balance sheet of N and P in hybrid pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) as influenced by sources and application methods

The present investigation were carried out during kharif 2021 and 2022 at RVSKVV, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.), India with 12 treatments and three replication in Randomized Block Design. Result indicated that the 100% NP applied treatments recorded significantly higher uptake of N & P as compared to 50 and 75% NP treatments. Maximum uptake of these nutrients was noted with integration of chemical, organic and bio fertilizers (i.e. 75% NP + Seed treatment by Azotobacter + PSB + 5 t VC/ha) treatment which was significantly higher with 100% NP, 75% NP + 5 t VC/ha and 75% NP + 1% Foliar spray of Urea Phosphate (17:44:0) at 30-35 DAS treatments. integration of bio fertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) + vermicompost with chemical fertilizers recorded higher available –N and P status in soil after harvest of the crop. Under balance sheet, maximum balance of available –N and P in soil after harvest of the crop was also found with integration of chemical, organic and bio fertilizers treatment (i.e.75% NP + Seed treatment by Azotobacter + PSB + 5 t VC/ha) whereas minimum in control.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Busy commissioners and firm performance: evidence from Indonesia

Purpose Using the Indonesian setting where the government formally limits the presence of busy commissioners, the authors investigate whether a board containing busy commissioners could be beneficial or detrimental for firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an econometric model focusing on the impact of busy commissioners on the firm's profitability. The authors are also interested in investigating whether the effect is different between small and large firms and between mature and non-mature firms. A sample of 392 Indonesian listed firms from 2014 to 2020 is used in this study. Findings The authors find a negative association between busyness and performance and this result is robust across different estimations and econometrics strategies. The authors also document that the negative impact of busy directors diminishes particularly in young and small firms. The authors also find that the impact is more pronounced in state-owned firms. Practical implications From a firm point of view, the result suggests that the companies should be aware that appointing busy commissioners in the board structure can detriment market-based performance. The listed firms should also understand that busy commissioners are inefficient, especially if these firms are large, mature and state-owned. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relation between busy commissioners and performance by considering age, firm size and state-owned firms as a moderator in a sample of Indonesian listed firms.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The distribution of the Lasso: Uniform control over sparse balls and\n adaptive parameter tuning

The Lasso is a popular regression method for high-dimensional problems in\nwhich the number of parameters $\\theta_1,\\dots,\\theta_N$, is larger than the\nnumber $n$ of samples: $N&gt;n$. A useful heuristics relates the statistical\nproperties of the Lasso estimator to that of a simple soft-thresholding\ndenoiser,in a denoising problem in which the parameters $(\\theta_i)_{i\\le N}$\nare observed in Gaussian noise, with a carefully tuned variance. Earlier work\nconfirmed this picture in the limit $n,N\\to\\infty$, pointwise in the parameters\n$\\theta$, and in the value of the regularization parameter.\n Here, we consider a standard random design model and prove exponential\nconcentration of its empirical distribution around the prediction provided by\nthe Gaussian denoising model. Crucially, our results are uniform with respect\nto $\\theta$ belonging to $\\ell_q$ balls, $q\\in [0,1]$, and with respect to the\nregularization parameter. This allows to derive sharp results for the\nperformances of various data-driven procedures to tune the regularization.\n Our proofs make use of Gaussian comparison inequalities, and in particular of\na version of Gordon's minimax theorem developed by Thrampoulidis, Oymak, and\nHassibi, which controls the optimum value of the Lasso optimization problem.\nCrucially, we prove a stability property of the minimizer in Wasserstein\ndistance, that allows to characterize properties of the minimizer itself.\n

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Progressive Decreased Glucose-tolerance and Glycogen-storage Following Acetoacetate Injection; Prevention by Insulin and Amellin

1. The repeated daily injection of sodium acetoacetate in progressively increasing doses (beginning at 50 mg/kg body weight) caused a progressive hyperglycemia in rabbits after an initial hypoglycemic stage. 2. The glucose tolerance of these animals was decreased after 30 days of injection and the tolerance curve taken at 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 days became progressively more diabetic. 3. The shape of the tolerance curves changed considerably on prolonged treatment with acetoacetate and in most cases the blood sugar levels at 3 1/2 hours were far greater than the pre-injection level. 4. The glycogen content of liver and muscle is gradually depleted, so that after 130 days of injection it was decreased 64.9% and 73.4% respectively. 5. When Amellin was injected daily for 40 days in doses of 10-12 mg/kg into these hyperglycemia animals it reduced the blood sugar to 105 mg/100 cc (normal value). Insulin, although it relieved the fasting hyperglycemia initially, had little effect on the fasting hyperglycemia in later stages. Increasing the insulin dose leads to death. 6. The glucose tolerance of the animals treated with sodium acetoacetate became absolutely normal after Amellin had administered for 40 days, whereas the tolerance of similar animals treated with insulin was not normal at 40 days.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Econometric Approach Regarding the Impact of Fiscal Pressure on Equilibrium: Evidence from Electricity, Gas and Oil Companies Listed on the New York Stock Exchange

The matter of fiscal pressure is more current than ever in most countries around the world for various reasons. In the first place, disruptive phenomena such as financial crises put tremendous pressure on worldwide economies. Secondly, high taxes trigger an overall reduction in the level of investments aiming at creating stable and well-paid jobs. Thirdly, the income generated by the majority of taxpayers is subject to excessive taxation, which may fuel tax evasion acts. On these grounds, the article is the first empirical research investigating the impact of fiscal pressure on the financial equilibrium of energy companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The sample included 88 electricity, gas, and oil companies from around the world, which were analyzed over a time span of 16 years, including the periods before, during, and after the 2008 global financial crisis. The methodology entailed estimating econometric models via Panel Least Squares (cross-section weights) with and without time fixed effects. Empirical results showed that fiscal pressure had a stronger impact on the short-term and long-term equilibrium of electricity and oil companies than on the equilibrium of gas companies. The study can serve as a compass for the managers of energy companies interested in estimating the evolution of company equilibrium state when considering other potential financial downturns.

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Arabidopsis pxa1 Mutant Is Defective in an ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-Like Protein Required for Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Î²-Oxidation1

Peroxisomes are important organelles in plant metabolism, containing all the enzymes required for fatty acid Î²-oxidation. More than 20 proteins are required for peroxisomal biogenesis and maintenance. The Arabidopsis pxa1 mutant, originally isolated because it is resistant to the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), developmentally arrests when germinated without supplemental sucrose, suggesting defects in fatty acid Î²-oxidation. Because IBA is converted to the more abundant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), in a mechanism that parallels Î²-oxidation, the mutant is likely to be IBA resistant because it cannot convert IBA to IAA. Adult pxa1 plants grow slowly compared with wild type, with smaller rosettes, fewer leaves, and shorter inflorescence stems, indicating that PXA1 is important throughout development. We identified the molecular defect in pxa1 using a map-based positional approach. PXA1 encodes a predicted peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter that is 42% identical to the human adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) protein, which is defective in patients with the demyelinating disorder X-linked ALD. Homology to ALD protein and other human and yeast peroxisomal transporters suggests that PXA1 imports coenzyme A esters of fatty acids and IBA into the peroxisome for Î²-oxidation. The pxa1 mutant makes fewer lateral roots than wild type, both in response to IBA and without exogenous hormones, suggesting that the IAA derived from IBA during seedling development promotes lateral root formation.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Developing Positioning For BNI as an International Bank (Focusing on Trade Finance Transactions)

<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>Following the direction from the Minister of SOEs to be an international bank, BNI revised one of its missions to strengthen international services to support the needs from our global business partner. BNI keeps making changes and improvements to be an international bank. Nevertheless, BNI is still in the second rank of the market share in international transactions. This thesis aims to develop a strong position for BNI as an international bank, focusing on trade finance transactions, as it’s the biggest contributor in terms of revenue in the international division.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Real-time reconstruction of footprint positions using an "intelligent carpet" imaging sensor

Fast real-time reconstruction of the position of footprints on an “intelligent carpet” sensor is achieved on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) by parallel computation based on the previously introduced Parallel Center-of-Mass Algorithm (PCoMA). Its performance with synthetic data (numerical phantoms) as well as with data measured with a Photonic Guided-Path Tomography (PGPT) sensor head shows that position error in the order of 10E-2 is achievable at tens of kHz frame rate. Additional data processing is possible on the unused FPGA resources to allow efficient streaming of sensor information. This suggests that low-cost, large area PGPT floor sensors can be installed and used in community environments for unobtrusive long-term monitoring of gait stability and changes with age or due the onset of illness.

Topic: Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression in Normal Human Kidney and Renal Cell Carcinoma

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) is a transmembrane glycoprotein detected on many cells and tissues including neoplastic and normal kidney. EGFr binds the mitogenic polypeptide hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF) as well as EGF-related transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). Increases in EGFr gene expression and protein production have been implicated in the development of the malignant phenotype for certain cancers. To determine if alterations in EGFr gene expression are present in human renal cell carcinoma, paired samples of normal and neoplastic renal tissue from ten patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were analyzed for EGFr mRNA content by Northern blot hybridization. The EGFr gene was constitutively expressed in 90% of normal kidney samples. In seven out of nine evaluable patients, tumors expressed 1.7 to 8.4 times more EGFr mRNA than corresponding normal tissue. Two patients showed no elevation of tumor EGFr mRNA and one patient had no identifiable EGFr transcripts in either neoplastic or normal kidney. Expression of EGFr mRNA was also detected in three tumor-derived and two established renal cell carcinoma cell lines. EGFr transcripts were not found in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). These findings suggest that overexpression of EGFr mRNA may be associated with malignant transformation in renal cell carcinomas.

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Industrial and commercial finance in the interwar years

The relationship between industry and the financial system in the interwar years has been extensively discussed, almost always with a perspective of seeking to allocate some kind of blame for poor performance. This approach stems from two closely related fundamental positions. The first of these, inspired by the work of Hilferding (1910), postulates a hegemony of financial capital over the needs of productive industry. Authors such as Newton and Porter (1988) have argued that the interwar years can be seen as a period in which the core institutional nexus of the Bank of England, the Treasury and the City of London exercised a malign influence on policy making – the return to the gold standard at an inappropriate exchange rate being the prime example. The needs of manufacturing were systematically ignored by a banking and financial system obsessed with liquidity and unattainable standards of creditworthiness (Ingham 1984). The second approach is located in the general institutional understanding of the decline of the British economy. This takes the view that, by the interwar years, the set of institutions and ways of doing things, which had delivered so much economic success and prosperity to Britain in the nineteenth century, were no longer appropriate to the new environment of international competition in the industries of the second industrial revolution (Chandler 1990). Adherents of this view suggest that the financial system, as it had developed over the previous century, acted as a constraint on the reallocation of resources from the declining staple industries to the newer, high-technology, growth-oriented sector

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Urate oxidase of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardii</i>

Urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) of Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells grown on purines and purine derivatives has been partially characterized. Crude enzyme preparations have a pH optimum of 9.0, require O 2 for activity, have an apparent K m of 12 μ M for urate, and are inhibited by high concentrations of this substrate. Enzyme activity was particularly sensitive to metal ion chelating agents like cyanide, cupferron, diethyldithiocarbamate and o ‐phenanthroline, and to structural analogues of urate like hypoxanthine and xanthine. Chlamydomonas cells grow phototrophically on adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, allantoin or allantoate as sole nitrogen source, indicating that in this alga the standard pathway of aerobic degradation of purines of higher plants, animals and many microorganisms operates. As deduced from experiments in vivo , urate oxidase from Chlamydomonas is repressed in the presence of ammonia or nitrate.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiloculated hydrocephalus of intrauterine-onset: a case report of an unexpected MTHFR A1298C positive test result.

Loculated hydrocephalus is a condition in which discrete fluid-filled compartments form in association with the ventricular system of the brain. Multiloculated hydrocephalus is a subgroup of this entity involving more than one segment of the ventricular system. Abnormal descent of the cerebellar components can cause multiloculated hydrocephalus due to various pathogenesis. However, studies report no more than 10% of correlation between cerebellar herniation and hydrocephalus. We report an infant with MTHFR A1298C homozygosity, who had hydrocephalus of intrauterine-onset. Alterations in the folate metabolism might lead to congenital hydrocephalus and there is growing data on the prothrombotic effects of MTHFR polymorphisms. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no reported case of MTHFR A1298C homozygosity and intrauterine-onset multiloculated hydrocephalus as a co-existence in the literature.

Topic: Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transcriptomic analysis of <i>Andrias davidianus</i> meat and experimental validation for exploring its bioactive components as functional foods

Andrias davidianus (Chinese giant salamander, CGS) is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China. However, the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data. In this study, we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences. By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis, we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction, and 16 genes related to longevity. We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence (CDS) analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database. Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis, suggesting that our approach is reliable. This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat, thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.

Topic: Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Too Little or Too Much Like the Bible? A Novel Critique of the Book of Mormon Involving David and the Psalms

A recent graduate thesis proposes an intriguing new means for discerning if the Book of Mormon is historic or not. By looking at Book of Mormon references to David and the Psalms, the author concludes that it cannot be the product of an ancient Jewish people and that it is, instead, the result of Joseph Smith’s “plagiarism” from the Bible and other sources. This paper examines the author’s claims, how they are applied to the Book of Mormon, and proposes points the author does not take into consideration. While the author is to be congratulated for taking a fresh perspective on the Book of Mormon, ultimately his methodology fails and his conclusions fall flat.

Topic: Mormonism, Religion, and History
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences