jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical contents and antioxidant potentials of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Sorghum), Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) and their varying blends

The use of natural ingredients in food products has gained wide acceptance because of their health benefits for both humans. Sorghum bicolor and Hibiscus sabdariffa possess abundant phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that promote health and wellness. This research was carried out to examine the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of Sorghum bicolour, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and their blends The leaf sheaths of Sorghum bicolor and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were procured, dried till constant weight, then pulverised to assess their phytochemical compositions qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition to undiluted sorghum and roselle, blends comprising 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle, 25% Sorghum + 75% Roselle, and 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle were derived, to make a total of five treatments for evaluation. The DPPH activities of the plants and their blends were also assessed. The results showed that saponin, alkaloids, flavonoid, tannin and reducing sugar were found in the blends. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in phytochemical composition of Sorghum bicolor, Roselle and their different blends. Tannin and Saponin contents were significantly (p<0.05) highest (125.67, 65.19, respectively) in 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle and lowest in 100%Roselle (85.42) and 100% Roselle (52.19). Alkaloid and reducing sugar followed the same trend with 100% Roselle having significantly (p<0.05) higher values (59.12, 12.89), while 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle had the lowest value of 40.76, and 7.82respectively. Flavonoid was significantly (p<0.05) the highest (82.31) in 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle and lowest in 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle. The antioxidant activity measured via DPPH was significantly different (p<0.05) across treatments with 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle recording the highest (66.53), 100%Sorghum had the lowest (49.69), while 100% Rosselle, 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle and 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle had values of 65.20, 64.13 and 57.20 respectively. The combination of Sorghum bicolor and roselle blends presents greater antioxidative properties, with great potentials for the reducing lipid oxidation and microbial activities that can lead to food spoilage, thus improving the shelf life of food and ensuring the safe consumption of such food products in which they are embedded.

Topic: Hibiscus Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Yield performance of Clearfield corn hybrids.

Mississippi Branch Experiment Station; Ivy, agronomist, Prairie Research Unit; and Kenty, nutritional product specialist, Helena Chemical Company. For more information, contact Larson at (662) 325-2311; e-mail, elarson@pss.msstate.edu. This research report was published by the Office of Agricultural Communications, a unit of the MSU Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine. It was edited and designed by Robert A. Hearn, publications editor. Many herbicide-resistant crops are being introduced for commercial use in the United States. The first herbicide-resistant technology developed through nonclassical breeding methods was imidazolinoneresistance (IR) (Greaves et al. 1993). Considerable research has focused on weed control evaluation, crop injury, and systems using imidazolinone herbicides on imidazolinone-resistant corn (Monks et al. 1996; Krausz and Kapusta 1998). Several studies (File et al. 1998; Hooks et al. 1998; Walker et al. 1998) indicate Lightning herbicide (imazepthapyr + imazaquin), an imidazolinone product of American Cyanamid Company, is capable of controlling many problem southern weed species when used on imidazolinoneresistant corn. American Cyanamid Company, a producer of imidazolinone herbicides, has introduced a global brand name encompassing imidazolinone-resistant (IR) and imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) seed products from all companies. All IR and IT seed products will be identified by the “CLEARFIELD” name and symbol beginning in 2000. The profitability of the CLEARFIELD corn production system compared to a conventional production system (conventional hybrids and weed control) will also depend upon hybrid yield performance and several economic inputs, including seed, herbicide, and application expenses. There is a lack of research performance data of herbicide-resistant corn hybrids. Our objective was to evaluate hybrid yield performance and agronomic characteristics of several CLEARFIELD corn hybrids in Mississippi environments where corn is commonly produced. A well-adapted conventional hybrid, which is an isoline of one of the CLEARFIELD hybrids, was grown for comparison. Vol. 22, No. 13 Research Report November 2000

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Improvisation of QoS using compression on scalable multimedia MANET

Mobile-Ad-Hoc network is a spontaneous, self configurable network consisting with multiple mobile nodes. All the nodes that are communicating in network acts like router and follow a random, ever-changing topology for sharing data on any scalable scenario. Due to this ever-changing network topology, one of the challenging tasks in multimedia ad-hoc network is to provide Quality of Services (QoS) during streaming transmission. QoS refers as some application oriented parameters that provide some sort of guaranty to any large and scalable network. Improvement of QoS in multimedia streaming is very essential for smooth and effective transmission. This paper composed a variant and QoS resistant scalable network using lossless compression technique over multipath AODV mechanism. The main aspect of this paper is to enhance the streaming rate by improvement of QoS parameters (delay; bandwidth; jitter; packet loss; PDR) by apply Mpeg4 compression. Simulations were carried out in NS-2 and different QoS matrices are evaluated for proposed mechanism. Quantitative results clearly exhibit the performance of the proposed approach over the existing protocols.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-modal feature fusion with multi-head self-attention for epileptic EEG signals

&lt;p&gt;It is important to classify electroencephalography (EEG) signals automatically for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Currently, the dominant single-modal feature extraction methods cannot cover the information of different modalities, resulting in poor classification performance of existing methods, especially the multi-classification problem. We proposed a multi-modal feature fusion (MMFF) method for epileptic EEG signals. First, the time domain features were extracted by kernel principal component analysis, the frequency domain features were extracted by short-time Fourier extracted transform, and the nonlinear dynamic features were extracted by calculating sample entropy. On this basis, the features of these three modalities were interactively learned through the multi-head self-attention mechanism, and the attention weights were trained simultaneously. The fused features were obtained by combining the value vectors of feature representations, while the time, frequency, and nonlinear dynamics information were retained to screen out more representative epileptic features and improve the accuracy of feature extraction. Finally, the feature fusion method was applied to epileptic EEG signal classifications. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 92.76 ± 1.64% across the five-category classification task for epileptic EEG signals. The multi-head self-attention mechanism promotes the fusion of multi-modal features and offers an efficient and novel approach for diagnosing and treating epilepsy.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Upper Palaeolithic hunters-gatherers in western Asia

A mosaic of habitats ecologically characterizes western Asia. These were formed and changed due to topographic variability as well as seasonal fluctuations of temperatures and precipitation. Thus, resources of various kinds were diverse across different landscapes, whether coastal plains, intermountain valleys, mountain areas and semi-arid subregions. The proliferation of animal bone assemblages and the paucity of plant remains due to poor preservation conditions in most excavated and reported sites, except for the case of Ohalo II, a waterlogged site, distorts the reconstruction of daily diets of hunter-gatherers during the Upper Palaeolithic in western Asia. The presence of mortars and pestles in contexts since c.30,000 years ago indicates the emergence of food preparation techniques that become dominant during the Terminal Pleistocene. During these millennia the archaeological data sets reflect the appearance of sedentary communities as well as cultural markers that indicate the more clearly established tribal territories.

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[TNF inhibitors: a new therapeutic perspective in chronic inflammatory diseases in rheumatology?].

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) have been identified as important mediators of chronic immuno-inflammatory disease states such as rheumatoid arthritis. Effector cells are triggered by these cytokines to release molecules involved in synovitis and rheumatoid joint destruction, namely prostanoids, leukotrienes, adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases. Modifications of natural inhibitors of IL-1 and TNF alpha, which have been shown to maintain the homeostasis of the cytokine system, are now available by DNA technology. Monoclonal antibodies to TNF and the TNF receptor fusion proteins TNFR 55-IgG and TNFR 75-IgG are currently under clinical investigation in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and septic shock. Preliminary results from clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis suggest that TNF inhibition represents a promising novel interventional strategy providing anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of effector molecules of structural joint damage.

Topic: Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study Of The Determinants Of Debt-Equity Choice In The Malaysian Corporate Sector

The present study is addressed to the identification of capital structure determinants in the Malaysian corporate sector. The extent of debt capital used differs from industry to industry and from company to company; moreover , the same company would be issuing debt capital sometimes and equity at other times. The objective of the present study is to identify the factors influencing leverage levels and debt/equity choices of the Malaysian Corporate Sector.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Belyea truck and trailer, Pacific Indemnity, Southern California, 1934

3 photographs of trucks and trailers, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Belyea truck &amp; trailer; Client: Pacific Indemnity, Mr. Masterson; Original Print Order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Year: 1934; Job: 10-19-116" -- on envelope front. "Name: Dean; 3 Original Photographs - Size: 8x10; Out of City: 5.00; 1 Hour: Time 2.00: 2.00" -- on envelope back.

Topic: Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding Single Mothers' Choices around Paid Work and Education: Preference Theory Versus a Practices of Mothering Framework

Within Australian social policy debates Catherine Hakim’s preference theory and closely rated theories about maternal identities have become prominent frameworks for understanding mothers’ decisions around paid work. These theories suggest that women have relatively static preferences regarding their labour force participation that are manifestations of their pre-existing identities as ‘mothers’ or ‘workers’ and that these will affect their labour force decisions much more profoundly than cultural, social or economic conditions. Drawing on ethnographic research with single mothers, this article argues that preference theory is an inadequate framework for understanding how they make choices around paid work. It suggests that a mothering practices framework has much more explanatory power. The mothering practices framework, which emphasizes that mothering is something that is practiced rather than something that one is, fits closely with single mothers’ narratives about their labour force decisions and plans. In contrast to identity theories, it illuminates the day to day material tradeoffs involved in participation in education and paid work, as well as the reality that single mothers have differential access to family support and quality childcare.

Topic: Work-Family Balance Challenges
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Animproved, non-isotopic methodofscreening cells frompatientswithabnormalities ofsexual differentiation forY chromosomal DNA content

Thedetection of45,X/46,XY mosaicismin patients withabnormalities ofsexual differentiation isofcrucial diagnostic importance.Herewe presentapplication of a PCR basedmethod of detection of alphoidrepeatsofY chromosomalorigin.The methoddetects 0O01%ofmale DNA on a femaleDNA background. Out of28patients studied, inallcases where theY chromosomeor a partofitcontainingcentromeric sequences was present,a positive amplification signalofY chromosomal alphoidrepeatswas detected. in five cases theY origin ofmarkerchromosomes was diagnosed. The patternof amplification signaldistribution ofthe SRY gene was identical tothatofY specificalphoidprimers,which confirms applicability ofthismethodinthemolecular diagnostic laboratory. Theother diagnostic advantageistheability touse driedbloodspecimens as an easy tohandleandefficient source ofDNA. (JMedGenet1993;30:304-7)

Topic: Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mitophagy: A Bridge Linking HMGB1 and Parkinson’s Disease Using Adult Zebrafish as a Model Organism

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated as a key player in two critical factors of Parkinson’s disease (PD): mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. However, the specific role of HMGB1 in PD remains elusive. We investigated the effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration on mitochondrial dysfunction and HMGB1-associated inflammatory genes as well as locomotor activity in zebrafish, aiming to elucidate the role of HMGB1 in PD. Adult zebrafish received MPTP injections, and locomotor activity was measured at 24- and 48-h post-administration. Gene expression levels related to mitophagy (fis1, pink1, and park2) and HMGB1-mediated inflammation (hmgb1, tlr4, and nfkb) were quantified through RT-qPCR analysis. Following MPTP injection, the significant increase in transcript levels of fis1, pink1, and park2 indicated notable changes in PINK1/Parkin mitophagy, while the upregulation of hmgb1, tlr4, and nfkb genes pointed to the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, MPTP-injected zebrafish exhibited decreased locomotor activity, evident through reduced distance travelled, mean speed, and increased freezing durations. HMGB1 plays a major role in cellular processes as it is involved in both the mitophagy process and functions as a pro-inflammatory protein. MPTP administration in adult zebrafish activated mitophagy and inflammatory signaling, highlighting the significant role of HMGB1 as a mediator in both processes and further emphasizing its significant contribution to PD pathogenesis.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Early Complement Activation and Decreased Levels of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Complement Inhibitors in Human and Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinal microangiopathy is characterized by increased permeability, leukostasis, microthrombosis, and apoptosis of capillary cells, all of which could be caused or compounded by activation of complement. In this study, we observed deposition of C5b-9, the terminal product of complement activation, in the wall of retinal vessels of human eye donors with 9 ± 3 years of type 2 diabetes, but not in the vessels of age-matched nondiabetic donors. C5b-9 often colocalized with von Willebrand factor in luminal endothelium. C1q and C4, the complement components unique to the classical pathway, were not detected in the diabetic retinas, suggesting that C5b-9 was generated via the alternative pathway, the spontaneous activation of which is regulated by complement inhibitors. The diabetic donors showed a prominent reduction in the retinal levels of CD55 and CD59, the two complement inhibitors linked to the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, but not in the levels of transmembrane CD46. Similar complement activation in retinal vessels and selective reduction in the levels of retinal CD55 and CD59 were observed in rats with a 10-week duration of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Thus, diabetes causes defective regulation of complement inhibitors and complement activation that precede most other manifestations of diabetic retinal microangiopathy. These are novel clues for probing how diabetes affects and damages vascular cells.

Topic: Complement system in diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Boström‐Kugelberg pseudo‐isochromatic plates. How efficient is the third edition?

Abstract. The third edition of the Boström‐Kugelberg pseudo‐isochromatic plates was printed to the best possible visual match with the second edition. Slight colour differences between the 2 editions initiated this study where 72 colour defectives and 57 normal trichromats were tested with the plates and classified with the aid of Nage&amp;#x006c;̂s anomaloscope. Of the defectives, the plate test disclosed all but two anomalous trichromats. One normal subject was falsely classified as defective. The plates had to be shown twice according to the instructions since otherwise 13 of the 53 normals were misclassified. Three plates were shown to have low sensitivity; one is best used as a demonstration plate, and the other two can be deleted without lost efficiency. Forty‐eight of the colour defectives were also studied with Farnsworth's lantern. The correlation between the numbers of plate and signal errors was weak. All subjects who failed the lantern test made several plate errors, but 15 subjects who passed the lantern test, made two or more errors on the plate test. The outcome of the plate test does not give evidence of the subject̂s lantern test performance.

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metonymy in Visual and Audiovisual Discourse

This chapter discusses pictorial and multimodal equivalents of what in cognitive linguistics (CL) is called ‘metonymy’. CL has long focused almost exclusively on metaphor, which is defined as ‘understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another’ (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980, p. 5). According to CL, metaphor is central to cognition, since human beings are claimed systematically to understand abstract concepts in terms of concrete phenomena. However, in the past decade, metonymy has gradually begun to attract sustained attention as no less crucial in ruling human cognition. The generally accepted difference between metaphor and metonymy is that the two things combined in metaphor belong to different conceptual domains (e.g. ‘love is a battlefield’), while those in metonymy belong to the same conceptual domain (e.g. ‘count noses’). In short, in metaphor we get A-as-B; in metonymy B-for-A.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
National identity as an antecedent of national memorabilia purchase intent

We explore the nature of national identity and its relationship with citizenship and the purchase as well as the intent to purchase Singaporean memorabilia. This was carried out with a sample consisting of Singaporean citizens and tourists. Our research tended to support the notion that national identity may indeed consist of a conglomerate of variables including ethnocentrism, patriotism, national achievement, and a sense of place. While our findings in support of the positive relationship between national identity and intent to purchase are not surprising the negative relationships with citizenship and the purchase of memorabilia is unexpected and provide an interesting basis of speculation. It is possible that the scholarly accepted measurement of ‘consumer ethnocentrism’ does not in fact measure ethnocentrism but rather some other variable(s) related to attitudes to free trade.

Topic: Socioeconomic Development in Asia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Targeted Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma

The management of patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) has been completely changed in the last decade by the introduction of novel molecularly targeted approaches. Although partial or radical nephrectomy still remains the standard approach for patients with localized RCC, systemic therapies are recommended in patients with mRCC. Till 2005, cytokine therapies represented the gold standard but were associated with a poor toxicity profile and a low response rate. Successively, the growing knowledge of the key role of angiogenesis in the development and progression of mRCC has led to the development of several targeted agents, which have increased the life expectancy of these patients. In this chapter, we describe the main agents currently used into daily clinical practice and the results of the clinical studies that have led to their approval in patients with mRCC.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences