jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction and Extra-Articular Neurological Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of the global population, with a female-male ratio of 3:1. To date, genetic predisposition, the involvement of a deficient immune system and lifestyle are known to be the major responsible for the onset of the disease. RA preferably affects the joints, with consequent joint swelling and deformities followed by ankylosis. Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis can also develop extra-articular manifestations, which mainly affect the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, the skin, the eye, the respiratory system, the kidney and the gastrointestinal system. It has been shown that about 20% of RA patients can develop neuropathies, multiple mononeuritis, distal sensory neuropathies and sense motor neuropathies. Neurological involvement occurs as a consequence of vasculitis of the nerve vessels leading to vascular ischaemia, axonal degeneration and neuronal demyelination. In RA, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is very high and depends, most probably, on vascular damage resulting from endothelial dysfunction. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that the integrity of the endothelium is also involved in the neurological disorders resulting from RA. This review aims to highlight the main characteristics of the extra-articular manifestations at the nervous level resulting from rheumatoid arthritis. To this end, the literature main results on these pathological manifestations have been collected with particular focus on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction. In fact, the endothelium could be considered a valuable target for minimizing the incidence of extra-articular neurological manifestations in RA.

Topic: Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Third instars larvae of Gepus gibbosus Hölzel, 1968

The third instar larva of Gepus gibbosus Hölzel, 1968 are described and figured for the first time using light and scanning electron microscopy. The females were collected from Derik, Mardin Province, Turkey and maintained in the laboratory. The morphology of different parts of the larva such as head, mandibles, and antennae are described and illustrated. G. gib-bosus is new for the Turkish fauna. Key words: Neuroptera, Gepus gibbosus, larvae, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Turkey

Topic: Fossil Insects in Amber
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hurricane Katrina (2005). Part II: Evolution and Hemispheric Impacts of a Diabatically Generated Warm Pool

Abstract The landfall of Hurricane Katrina (2005) near New Orleans, Louisiana, on 29 August 2005 will be remembered as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States. By comparison, the extratropical transition (ET) of the system as it accelerates poleward over the following days is innocuous and the system weakens until its eventual demise off the coast of Greenland. The extent of Katrina’s perturbation of the midlatitude flow would appear to be limited given the lack of reintensification or downstream development during ET. However, the slow progression of a strong upper-tropospheric warm pool across the North Atlantic Ocean in the week following Katrina’s landfall prompts the question of whether even a nonreintensifying ET event can lead to significant modification of the midlatitude flow. Analysis of Hurricane Katrina’s outflow layer after landfall suggests that it does not itself make up the long-lived midlatitude warm pool. However, the interaction between Katrina’s anticyclonic outflow and an approaching baroclinic trough is shown to establish an anomalous southwesterly conduit or “freeway” that injects a preexisting tropospheric warm pool over the southwestern United States into the midlatitudes. This warm pool reduces predictability in medium-range forecasts over the North Atlantic and Europe while simultaneously aiding in the development of Hurricanes Maria and Nate. The origin of the warm pool is shown to be the combination of anticyclonic upper-level features generated by eastern Pacific Hurricane Hilary and the south Asian anticyclone (SAA). The hemispheric nature of the connections involved with the development of the warm pool and its injection into the extratropics has an impact on forecasting, since the predictability issue associated with ET in this case involves far more than the potential reintensification of the transitioning system itself.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD nb3pwr_PortThrough #184183.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 3 (BL3). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL3.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mental Health On Youtube: Exploring the Potential of Interactive Media to Change Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors About Mental Health

This dissertation first examines the mental health content on the video-sharing site YouTube as a foundation for exploring the ways the mental health community (members and associates of the National Alliance on Mental Illness) have used, and may use, YouTube in the future for information seeking, social support seeking, information providing, and social support providing. Using a content analysis of a systematic sample of YouTube videos produced by the YouTube search engine for the terms 'mental health' and 'mental illness,' this study highlights types, topics and formats of mental health related content, including types of mental illnesses, as well as documenting participation around these videos in the form of views, comments, likes and dislikes. A survey based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Uses and Gratifications theory explores the attitudes, norms, past behaviors and intentions to use YouTube for mental health communication (information and support seeking, information and support providing). The study finds that there is a wealth of mental health material on YouTube, including personal stories, public service announcements and general information videos; however, while members of the mental health community have begun to explore YouTube for information and connection with others who share their experiences with mental illness, they are still concerned about credibility of information, as well as potential for being stigmatized for admitting to having a mental illness and loss of privacy.

Topic: Media Influence and Health
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Coordinated studies in support of gas well stimulation. Final report, July 1995-October 1996

This report summarizes three areas of work in support of gas well stimulation. First, a topical report has been written that documents the mechanisms and impact of formation damage following hydraulic fracturing. The categories of damage are reviewed including matrix permeability damage, relative permeability damage, the plugging of natural fractures and conductivity impairment. Remedial treatments and their effectiveness are also reviewed. A survey of procedures and service companies was conducted to identify perceptions and technical hurdles regarding formation damage. The second area involves the completion and beta testing of relational databases to store well, completion, production and lab testing information. The databases are known as COAL`s (Coalbed Methane Information System), DRAGOR (Drilled Resources Analysis of Gas and Oil Recovery) and STIM-REC (Stimulation Record Catalogue). Finally, a proof of concept task was undertaken to look at the feasibility of manufacturing a drag force device to measure low shear viscosity of frac fluids on location. The device would predict the proppant transport character of fracturing fluids.

Topic: Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: First Direct Measurements of the &gt;10 keV X-Ray Luminosity Function for Active Galactic Nuclei at z&gt;0.1

We present the first direct measurements of the rest-frame 10-40 keV X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) based on a sample of 94 sources at 0.1 &lt; z &lt;3, selected at 8-24 keV energies from sources in the NuSTAR extragalactic survey program. Our results are consistent with the strong evolution of the AGN population seen in prior, lower-energy studies of the XLF. However, different models of the intrinsic distribution of absorption, which are used to correct for selection biases, give significantly different predictions for the total number of sources in our sample, leading to small, systematic differences in our binned estimates of the XLF. Adopting a model with a lower intrinsic fraction of Compton-thick sources and a larger population of sources with column densities N_H ~ 10^{23-24} /cm2 or a model with stronger Compton reflection component (with a relative normalization of R ~ 2 at all luminosities) can bring extrapolations of the XLF from 2-10 keV into agreement with our NuSTAR sample. Ultimately, X-ray spectral analysis of the NuSTAR sources is required to break this degeneracy between the distribution of absorbing column densities and the strength of the Compton reflection component and thus refine our measurements of the XLF. Furthermore, the models that successfully describe the high-redshift population seen by NuSTAR tend to over-predict previous, high-energy measurements of the local XLF, indicating that there is evolution of the AGN population that is not fully captured by the current models.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two Isoenzymes of NADH-dependent Glutamate Synthase in Root Nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

and shown to be monomeric proteins with similar Mrs of about 200,000. They are both specific for NADH as reductant. An investigation of their kinetic characteristics show slight differences in their Kms for L-glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate, and NADH, and they have different pH optima, with NADH-GOGAT I exhibiting a broad pH optimum centering at pH 8.0 whereas NADH-GOGAT II has a much narrower pH optimum of 8.5. The specific activity of NADH-GOGAT in roots is about 27-fold lower than in nodules and consists almost entirely of NADH-GOGAT I. During nodulation both isoenzymes increase in activity but the major increase is due to NADH-GOGAT II which increases over a time course similar to the increase in nitrogenase activity. This isoenzyme is twice as active as NADH-GOGAT I in mature nodules. The roles and regulation of these two isoenzymes in the root nodule are discussed.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of local anesthetics on single channel behavior of skeletal muscle calcium release channel

The effects of the two local anesthetics tetracaine and procaine and a quaternary amine derivative of lidocaine, QX314, on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release have been examined by incorporating the purified rabbit skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel complex into planar lipid bilayers. Recordings of potassium ion currents through single channels showed that Ca(2+)- and ATP-gated channel activity was reduced by the addition of the tertiary amines tetracaine and procaine to the cis (cytoplasmic side of SR membrane) or trans (SR lumenal) side of the bilayer. Channel open probability was lowered twofold at tetracaine and procaine concentrations of approximately 150 microM and 4 mM, respectively. Hill coefficients of 2.0 and greater indicated that the two drugs inhibited channel activity by binding to two or more cooperatively interacting sites. Unitary conductance of the K(+)- conducting channel was not changed by 1 mM tetracaine in the cis and trans chambers. In contrast, cis millimolar concentrations of the quaternary amine QX314 induced a fast blocking effect at positive holding potentials without an apparent change in channel open probability. A voltage-dependent block was observed at high concentrations (millimolar) of tetracaine, procaine, and QX314 in the presence of 2 microM ryanodine which induced the formation of a long open subconductance. Vesicle-45Ca2+ ion flux measurements also indicated an inhibition of the SR Ca2+ release channel by tetracaine and procaine. These results indicate that local anesthetics bind to two or more cooperatively interacting high-affinity regulatory sites of the Ca2+ release channel in or close to the SR membrane. Voltage-dependent blockade of the channel by QX314 in the absence of ryanodine, and by QX314, procaine and tetracaine in the presence of ryanodine, indicated one low-affinity site within the conduction pathway of the channel. Our results further suggest that tetracaine and procaine may primarily inhibit excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the high-affinity, regulatory sites of the SR Ca2+ release channel.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Assays
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mutual Conversions Between Knill–Laflamme–Milburn and <i>W</i> States

Abstract Herein, two proposals are speculated to realize mutual conversions between Knill–Laflamme–Milburn (KLM) and W entangled states via X homodyne measurement (HM). By one of these proposals three‐qubit mutual conversions can be realized between these two photonic polarization entangled states. The other can be generalized to convert an arbitrary‐qubit KLM state to a W state adopting a control‐NOT gate. With the increasing number of qubits, the utilization ratio of photons in the second proposal would be close to unity. Analyses of the three‐qubit mutual conversions show that the proposal has a low error rate and high utilization ratio of photons. Moreover, the fidelity can also be very high even in consideration of decoherence. The P homodyne measurement is analyzed as well to improve the precision. The proposals, especially the second one, are expected to be helpful to reveal the relationship between these two robust multiple‐qubit entanglements.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comprehensive panel of mutation scanning assays detects mutations in the APC, TP53, KRAS, BRAF genes and hypermethylated APC and MLH1 DNA in plasma of patients with various stages of colorectal cancer: Utility for early detection, prognosis, and disease monitoring

3765 Background: Tumor-associated DNA has been detected in plasma of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, including DNA with mutations in APC, TP53, K-RAS, BRAF genes and hypermethylation in APC and MLH1 promoter regions. However, a comprehensive study assessing these markers in the plasma of CRC patients at various stages of neoplasia has not been reported. Methods: Plasma DNAs isolated from 120 CRC patients were scanned for mutations in APC, TP53, K-RAS, and BRAF, and alteratons of methylation status in APC and MLH1 without regard to the molecular or pathological analyses of the matched primary tumors. We chose mutation and methylation scanning technology and these targets to develop a comprehensive screen for somatic and epigenetic alterations known to be associated with sporadic CRC. Alterations in these targets were identified with a denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) platform that uses post-separation fluorescence technology. This scanning technology enables the detection of variants that represent < 0.1% of the total analyzed DNA. Results: Using this combined-scanning approach, we were able to identify at least one somatic event in 120/120 (100%) CRC patients. In no case was a mutation found in the primary tumor that was not also present in the plasma. Thus, the six markers together detected 100% of patients with CRC at various stages, all of which had at least one alteration. Stastistical analysis of these alterations shows a significant correlation with the type of alterations, Dukes' staging, and prognosis. Conclusions: The results emphasis the heterogenous pattern of tumor mutations and methylation status and that scanning provides an attractive approach to comprehensive CRC genetic and epigenetic screening. The thoroughness of approach may have important implications for CRC screening and staging, and disease monitoring during and following therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Transgenomic Transgenomic Transgenomic

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sesamum indicum SGB13006

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Sesamum indicum<br>Common name(s): Sesame<br>Conserved by: SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SRGB), Zambia<br>Local sample unique identifier: SGB13006<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2005-11-15<br>Other identifiers: n/a,SGB051113006<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
B/N-Enriched Semi-Conductive Polymer Film for Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) have drawn great attention for use as miniaturized electrochemical energy storage devices in portable, wearable, as well as implantable electronics. Many materials have been developed as electrodes for MSCs. However, the thin-film fabrication for most of these materials involves multistep operations, including filtration, spray coating, and sputtering. Most importantly, these methods present challenges for the preparation of thin films at the atomic or molecular scale. Therefore, the understanding of performance of ultrathin-film-based MSCs remains challenge. Herein, a B/N-enriched polymer film is successfully prepared using the photoassisted interfacial approach. The as-synthesized polymer film exhibits typical semiconductive characteristics and can be easily scaled up to a large area of up to tens of square centimeters. This ultrathin polymer film can be directly transferred to silicon wafers to fabricate MSC through laser scribing. The prepared MSC exhibits specific volumetric capacitance as high as 20.9 F cm<sup>-3</sup>, corresponding to volumetric energy density of 2.9 mWh cm<sup>-3</sup> (at 0.1 V s<sup>-1</sup>). Moreover, the volumetric power density can reach 1461 W cm<sup>-3</sup>, surpassing most existing semiconductive polymer film-based MSC devices. In addition, the prepared MSC exhibits typical AC line-filtering ability (-67° at 120 Hz). This study offers a facile interfacial approach to preparing semiconductive polymer films with aromatic moieties for microsized energy storage devices.

Topic: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Well-posedness and decay property of regularity-loss type for the Cauchy problem of the standard linear solid model with Gurtin–Pipkin thermal law

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem related to the standard linear solid model with Gurtin–Pipkin thermal law in the whole space. Under some assumptions on the relaxation function g, we establish the well-posedness result by using semigroup theory. Besides, by using the energy method in the Fourier space, we prove the decay estimate result under the non-critical case. Our result indicates that the decay property is of the regularity-loss type, which is in line with the decay property of Cattaneo system.

Topic: Stability and Controllability of Differential Equations
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Advanced Ceramic Membranes/Modules for Ultra Efficient Hydrogen (H2) Production/Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture for Coal-Based Polygeneration Plants: Fabrication, Testing, and CFD Modeling

Inorganic membrane-based systems are a promising technology for precombustion CO2 capture with simultaneous H2 production. State-of-the-art packages for high temperature and pressure service consist of multiple tube membrane bundles prepared in a "candle filter" configuration, in which the membrane tubes are open at one end and sealed at the other. This configuration is used for practical reasons, specifically the need to minimize problems due to thermal expansion mismatch between the ceramic tube bundle and the steel housing. However, the primary technical problem with the candle filter format for commercial-scale installations is the inability to purge the tube side (typically the permeate side), a feature that is crucial for high H2 recovery. In this study, the focus is to design and fabricate the first dual-end open full ceramic multiple tube membrane bundle that enables tube side (permeate) purge for gas separation applications. An additional key feature of this design is the simplified module layout, as the membrane bundles can be installed end-to-end with tube side (permeate) flow directly from one bundle to the next. This layout simplifies the membrane to housing seals and yields significant improvement in membrane packing density. Detailed focus areas in our studies include: (i) Materials development and preparation of the tube-to-tube sheet potting for the dual-ended bundle; (ii) the sealing and optimal module configuration design to minimize membrane stress upon module mounting; (iii) the demonstration, via the fabrication of CMS and Pd-alloy membranes supported on full-size, dual-ended ceramic support bundles, of the first example of a purgeable ceramic membrane and module; and (iv) development of a CFD model of the membrane module for calculation of feed flow distribution, and for use in scale-up, and capital cost estimating. The CFD model was validated using experimental data with the multi-tubular membrane system, employing He/N2 as a model gas mixture (surrogate for H2/CO2), and has been shown to be quite accurate. Employing the model, we are able to study the effects of operating pressure and temperature, feed and sweep gas flow rates, and the choice of membrane tube configuration on system performance.

Topic: Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glucocorticoid Therapy Decreases Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentration in Rheumatic Diseases.

Lipoprotein(a) has been strongly suggested to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, its metabolism and/or regulation by drug treatment still remain unknown. We therefore studied the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on serum lipoprotein(a) in rheumatic diseases. Although the glucocorticoid treatment increased the total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations, it reduced the serum lipoprotein(a) concentration (mean, 40%) in a dose-dependent manner in 9 patients with rheumatic diseases without nephrotic syndrome. Similar results were observed in 2 patients who did have nephrotic syndrome. It is assumed that the increase of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in serum levels are atherogenic, whereas the increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the decrease of lipoprotein(a) are protective for atherosclerosis. The clinical outcome of the concomitant results in lipid metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis remains to be studied.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences