jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal associations drive the tradeoff between plant biomass and soil carbon accumulations in forest ecosystems under N deposition and warming

Abstract Forest ecosystems store ca. 80% of the carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems 1–2 , but their long-term C sequestration partly depends on how plant biomass and soil C stocks will respond to global changes. Although the stimulation of plant growth by global change drivers such as nitrogen (N) deposition, elevated CO 2, and warming has been widely observed 3–5 , the response of soil C stock to global changes remains uncertain. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on 3050 pairwise observations of plant and soil C-related data from 372 experiments worldwide. We found that plant biomass and soil C stock increased more under elevated CO 2 than under N deposition and warming. Under N deposition and warming, soil C stock depended on mycorrhizal associations, decreasing in forests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species while increasing in forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species. These results suggest a mycorrhizae-mediated tradeoff between plant biomass and soil C sequestration in forest ecosystems under N deposition and warming conditions.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Compensating for processing difficulty in discourse: Effect of parallelism in contrastive relations

This study aims to establish whether the processing of different connectives (e.g., and, but) and different coherence relations (addition, contrast) can be modulated by a structural feature of the connected segments—namely, parallelism. While but is mainly used to contrast two expressions, and occurs in many different relations and has been shown to come with a processing cost. We report three self-paced reading experiments in which we manipulate whether the connected segments share a common verb phrase. Such parallel constructions frequently occur in contrastive relations, although they are typically treated as additive in comprehension research. We expect that parallelism will compensate for the cognitive complexity of contrast and for the ambiguity of and by further signaling the coherence relation. Our results indicate that parallelism speeds up processing and provides further evidence for priming in comprehension. However, parallelism interacted with connective ambiguity in an overt disambiguation task (Experiment 3) but not in a more natural reading task (Experiment 2). We argue that the processing of contrast remains shallow unless disambiguation is explicitly required.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 131934: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in Certain Antioxidative Enzymes and Growth Parameters as a Result of Complete Submergence and Subsequent Re‐aeration of Rice Cultivars Differing in Submergence Tolerance

An experiment was conducted on the three indica rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars IR 42, CR 383‐10 and FR 13A, which are susceptible to submergence, submergence‐avoiding and tolerant to submergence, respectively. A deleterious effect of submergence was noted as both above‐ground dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content decreased during submergence and subsequent re‐aeration. However, the rate of reduction was lower in the tolerant cultivar. The tolerant cultivar FR 13A maintained higher dry weight during submergence and subsequent re‐aeration and accumulated lower proline and malondialdehyde contents than the other cultivars. The activities of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, expressed on a per g fresh weight of leaves basis, were higher in FR 13A than in the other cultivars, both under water and 24 h after the initiation of re‐aeration. However, ascorbic acid oxidase activity was lower in FR 13A. The cultivar CR 383‐10, which has the capacity to accumulate more above‐ground dry matter under normal conditions, showed a greater elongation ability under submergence and was similar to the susceptible cultivar IR 42 in terms of enzyme activities and the other parameters investigated during submergence and subsequent re‐aeration.

Topic: Plant responses to water stress
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Unlocking the information in integrated social data

This paper was prepared for the New Zealand Ministry of Labor Conference on Data Integration and Linked Employer-Employee Data held March 21-22, 2002. I would like to thank my coauthors Patrick Corbel, Rob Creecy, Bruno Crepon, John Haltiwanger, Francis Kramarz, Julia Lane, Paul Lengermann, David Margolis, Kevin McKinney, Ron Prevost, Sebastien Roux, Kristin Sandusky, Martha Stinson, Lars Vilhuber, and Simon Woodcock from whom I borrowed shamelessly for this presentation. I would also like to thank my Cornell, Census, and CREST colleagues Fredrik Andersson, Gary Benedetto, Chet Bowie, Bahattin Buyuksahin, Karen Conneely, Pat Doyle, Ron Ehrenberg, Nancy Gordon, Cheryl Grim, George Jakubson, Frederick Knickerbocker, Guy LaRoque, Cyr Linonis, Charles McCulloch, Nicole Nestoriak, Sebastien Perez-Duarte, Jean-Marc Robin, Marc Roemer, Bryce Stephens, Marty Wells, Bill Winkler, and Laura Zayatz, each of whom contributed substantially to this work. Funding was provided by the US Census Bureau, INSEE/CREST, the National Science Foundation (SES-9978093 to Cornell University), the National Institute on Aging, the Sloan Foundation, and the Russell Sage Foundation.

Topic: demographic modeling and climate adaptation
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Anti microbial and spectroscopic characterization of two new pyridine based 16-membered N-hexadentate ligands their CU II metal complexes

3d Transtion metal i.e. Copper (II) Complexes of the general composition [CuL]X2 (where X = NO3−, 1/2SO4−2 and L1=2, 8, 14.20.25, 26, 27, 28] octaaza Pentacyclo [19.3.11, 21.13, 7.19, 13.115, 19] octacosa [1(25), 2, 7, 9(27), 10, 12, 14, 19, 21, 23] decaene, L2 = 2, 6, 12, 16, 21, 22 hexaaza tricyclo [15.3.11, 17.111, 7] docosa 1, 6, 11, 16 teraene) have been prepared. On the basis of IR, electronic, EPR, thermal studies all the complexes were found to have six coordinate tetragonal geometry. Macrocyclic ligand and its complexes have also been screened against pathogenic bacteria and fungi in vitro as growth inhibiting agent.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immediate Uptake of Radioactive Iodine as a Test of Thyroid Function

JOURNALwas produced by D-thyroxine but not by L-thyroxine might suggest that D-thyroxine has a qualitatively different effect from that of L-thyroxine on the anterior pituitary.This seems highly improbable, and further work with both isomers is necessary to resolve the dilemma.The expectation that cases of thyrotoxicosis might be found in which it would be possible to reduce the metabolism to normal by means of D-thyroxine has apparently been fulfilled in two of six patients treated for three months.This is not so surprising, for Means (1948) has reported a clinical improvement in cases of Graves's disease treated with desiccated thyroid, and Werner et al. (1952) quote a single case personally communicated to them by Greer.Moreover, these authors noted that in several of their patients treatment with thyroid was accompanied by a fall in the level of P.B.I.They advanced three possible causes for this finding-the effects of non-hormonal iodine in the desiccated thyroid, of repeated doses of "31I, or of rest in bed.None of these explanations is applicable in our patients.Moreover, the danger to the patient of using thyroid or L-thyroxine is absent when the relatively non- calorigenic D-thyroxine is used.AIthough the output of T.S.H. was inhibited, at least tem- porarily, in almost every case in our series, in no instance was any change seen in the degree of exophthalmos.This observation cannot be explained by the hypothesis that exophthalmos, originally produced by an excess of T.S.H., has become irreversible, for it is a common observation that exophthalmos may decrease or even disappear spon- taneously.The doses of D-thyroxine used, smaller than in the hypothyroid patients, were large enough to depress the uptake of radio-iodine for periods up to 10 months, but not large enough to increase metabolism.Our results give sup- port to those who have long doubted the classical hypo- thesis that exophthalmos is due to an excessive production of T.S.H. by the pituitary. SummaryThe metabolic effects of D-thyroxine are very slight when compared with those of L-thyroxine, the latter being at least ten times as potent.On the other hand, doses of D-thyroxine too small to effect metabolism directly are capable in most cases, even of thyrotoxi- cosis, of suppressing the uptake of radio-iodine and, by inference, the production of T.S.H. Suppression of the production of T.S.H. appeared to induce a remission of Graves's disease in two of six patients, but the exoph- thalmos was not improved.We are grateful to other members of the staff of the department of endocrinology of New End Hospital for allowing access to their patients, and to Dr. A. W. G. Goolden for much helpful advice.Glaxo Laboratories Ltd.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Potential drug interactions in surgical patients

The incidence and frequency of potentially serious drug interactions were evaluated in hospitalized surgical patients. Drug profiles of patients on the general surgical service of a tertiary-care teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed for two six-month periods to determine how often drugs that are known for major interactions were prescribed concurrently. Interactions were studied that were relatively well documented and potentially harmful to the patients. A total of 1825 patient profiles were reviewed (21,888 patient days). At least one potential drug interaction was found in 17% of the patients. Interactions were found to occur at the rate of 1 for every 59 patient days. Digoxin and cimetidine were the potential interacting drugs in almost 90% of the cases. Hospitalized surgical patients require close monitoring because they frequently receive potentially interacting drugs.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
South African Coal Mining Industry: Socio-Economic Attributes

Coal has been an important commodity in South Africa for many years and it is one of the oldest mining enterprises in the country. Its role since 1923 as a primary source of energy has steered the economy and society to prosperity. The energy generated especially electricity and synthetic fuels impacts on all sectors of the economy and the society. The country has enough coal for domestic consumption and for export to last the country for longer than it has existed. There are 73 collieries distributed through the coal mining areas with majority of them (61) situated in the Mpumalanga coalfields. The only problem with coal mining is raising carbon footprint and carbon emissions that have become a global issue for nearly the last two decades. The five leading coal mining companies (Anglo Coal, BHP Billiton, Exxaro, Xstrata and Sasol) produce over 80% of the South African coal. The rest is produced by junior miners that comprise the newly established Black Economic Empowerment companies. The domestic coal consumption is 75 percent of the total coal produced in the country while 25 percent is exported. The interactions of the role players in the coal mining industry commencing with the government regulations, supply chain members, employees and the society who are the beneficiaries of the process underpins the socio-economic attributes of the industry. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p347

Topic: Mining Techniques and Economics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Speleological Cadastre in GIS Technology

U ovom radu prikazan je novi, suvremeni nacin izrade i vođenja speleoloskog katastra koristenjem GIS tehnologije. Prva faza u izradi katastra sastoji se od prikupljanja potrebne i dostupne dokumentacije. Nakon prikupljanja svih dokumenata, u drugoj fazi se analiziraju korisnicki zahtjevi i izrađuju konceptualni, logicki i fizicki model podataka. Realizacijom fizickog modela podataka kreirana je baza speleoloskih podataka. Svi objekti u bazi speleoloskih podataka imaju lokaciju s poznatim geografskim koordinatama neophodnim za prikaz u GIS-u. Treca faza je kreiranje GIS projekta, pomocu aplikacije ArcGIS Desktop. Zahvaljujuci ugrađenim mogucnostima u softveru, uvezeni su svi zapisi o objektima iz baze podataka te je kao rezultat dobiven prikaz speleoloskih objekata na digitaliziranim geoloskim i topografskim kartama Republike Hrvatske. Osim toga, geotransformacijom podataka u WGS84 projekcijski sustav, omogucen je i tocan prikaz istih objekata u uvriježenim besplatnim aplikacijama Google Earth i ArcGIS Explorer. I na kraju, u poslužiteljskoj GIS aplikaciji, kao sto je ArcGIS Server, može se kreirati i online speleoloski katastar za razlicite kategorije korisnika obzirom na razine pristupa pregledu i uređivanju podataka.

Topic: Regional Development and Management Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Fairness in Women’s Sports? Explaining State Legislator Support for Transgender Athlete Bans

Abstract States began passing legislation that bans transgender athletes from competing on teams that match their gender identity in 2020. Republican lawmakers largely introduced and supported athlete bans, but were party preferences the only predictor of support for these bills? What effect did legislator demographics or district-level attributes have on the likelihood that a state legislator would support or oppose an athlete ban? This study explores the voting preferences of individual state legislators in states that passed athlete bans from 2020 to 2023. Using an original dataset and multilevel modeling, this analysis looks beyond party affiliation to determine whether a relationship exists between support and less apparent indicators such as district ideology and composition, gender, race, and electoral success. While party identification is a significant predictor of support, legislators representing districts characterized by lower educational attainment and a high proportion of evangelical Protestants are more likely to support transgender athlete bans.

Topic: Doping in Sports
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary figure from A Novel Serum Metabolomics-Based Diagnostic Approach to Pancreatic Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Scatter plots of the diagnostic values of the constructed diagnostic model and tumor marker levels in all 191 cases.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Human trafficking in the hospitality industry: Employee awareness, beliefs and training

Human trafficking is a growing concern in the hospitality industry. The intersect ofhuman trafficking and the lodging industry are twofold: 1) victims staying at hotels duringtransportation and 2) sexual exploitation or activity occurring at hotels. Therefore, it is importantthat hotel employees know how to recognize signs of human trafficking as signs vary from caseto case.The purpose of this study was to identify hotel employees' awareness, beliefs, andtraining regarding human trafficking. A survey was developed and pilot tested. A conveniencesample of hotel employees in the Midwest were surveyed and data were analyzed. Participantswere asked questions regarding their awareness, beliefs, and level of training related to humantrafficking in the lodging industry. Simple statistics were used to analyze the data from thecompleted surveys. Out of 118 respondents 52, (44.07%) answered that they were moderatelyaware on the topic of human trafficking. When asked how prevalent human trafficking is in thehospitality industry, 44 (37.61%) of 117 respondents answered that it was moderately prevalent;followed by 43 (36.75%) of the respondents answering it was extremely prevalent. Of 117respondents, 71 (60.68%) answered that in their current position, training on human traffickingwould be extremely beneficial.Hospitality is a global industry; thus, there is opportunity to spread awareness abouthuman trafficking to an expansive community throughout the world. It is important that hotelemployees are given ample information and training in order to help them handle situations thatinvolve human trafficking in their establishments.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
AL-ANSAR MEDIA : Ansar al-Islam - Pounding Military barracks in Kirkuk

Jan,04,2009, Thank God Nasser Al Hazm believers and infidels and idolaters, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Mohammad, Imam of the righteous, and the commander of the mujahideen, and to his family and companions, Omapad: The Almighty said: (O ye people have an admonition Jaetkm from your Lord and a healing for the issuance and guidance and mercy for believers) [Yunus: 57] Payment of Almighty God enables brothers black supporters in the city of Kirkuk bombed a military barracks b (16) rounds of 82 mm mortar rounds.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utilization of green mussel shell waste for calcium carbonate synthesis through the carbonation method with temperature variation

In this study, PCC (precipitate calcium carbonate) was synthesized from green mussel shell waste via calcination and subsequent carbonation methods. Organic substances were removed from green mussel shell powder using a 5-hour calcination at 900 °C. Furthermore, the carbonation method was used in the Ca (NO 3 ) 2 solution at constant stirring speed with pH control by NH 4 OH, followed by the injection of carbon dioxide at 50, 70, and 90 °C temperature variations to precipitate calcium as CaCO 3 (PCC). According to Rietveld’s quantitative XRD analysis, PCC products at 50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C exhibited primarily calcite and aragonite phases, with a significant needle-like morphology of aragonite growth during synthesis. Aragonite growth appears to have increased with increasing temperature. The results show that a simple, low-cost approach to green recycling works.

Topic: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multimodal Task Representation Memory Bank vs. Catastrophic Forgetting in Anomaly Detection

Unsupervised Continuous Anomaly Detection (UCAD) faces significant challenges in multi-task representation learning, with existing methods suffering from incomplete representation and catastrophic forgetting. Unlike supervised models, unsupervised scenarios lack prior information, making it difficult to effectively distinguish redundant and complementary multimodal features. To address this, we propose the Multimodal Task Representation Memory Bank (MTRMB) method through two key technical innovations: A Key-Prompt-Multimodal Knowledge (KPMK) mechanism that uses concise key prompts to guide cross-modal feature interaction between BERT and ViT. Refined Structure-based Contrastive Learning (RSCL) leveraging Grounding DINO and SAM to generate precise segmentation masks, pulling features of the same structural region closer while pushing different structural regions apart. Experiments on MVtec AD and VisA datasets demonstrate MTRMB's superiority, achieving an average detection accuracy of 0.921 at the lowest forgetting rate, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods. We plan to open source on GitHub.

Topic: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and Planning Opportunities for Effectively Minimizing Worker Exposure to Cumulative Health Hazards

A proper agenda for hazards with a cumulative impact on the human health is lacking in the construction industry. Poor preventative and compensatory health practices with large deficiencies in employers' understanding of cumulative health hazards are contributing to this dearth. Profitability, the economic motivation of the construction industry establishes an opportunity for identifying health practices that can potentially mitigate the exposure of its skilled workforce to both short-term and long-term health hazards. Design and planning offer opportunities to both engineers and managers to minimize the exposure of construction workers to cumulative hazards, but such opportunities have not been documented or investigated. In this study, qualitative and quantitative methods are used to determine the practices for the prevention of exposures to welding fumes and crystalline silica. A content analysis of semi-structured interviews with workers and occupational safety and health experts is used to develop survey questions. This study leverages the Delphi method, a structured expert elicitation technique, and uses the survey questions to facilitate the identification and characterize of a comprehensive list of practices spanning planning, design, construction, and work hygiene opportunities/practices. What emerges is that the areas where the greatest opportunity to influence worker health can be at the design and planning stages of a project—potentially creating a new professional paradigm for the construction industry. This research brings to light that ultimately, it is not short-term profitability concerns that prevent the implementation of health practices, but rather it is the need for increasing the understanding within the construction industry of how worker health is directly tied to productivity and profitability in overall business processes.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY TEST OF PUFFER FISH FROM PAMEUNGPEUK WATERS, WEST JAVA

A puffer fish contains a secondary metabolite toxic called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which can be used as an anesthetic and medication to relieve chronic pain for cancer patients. The purposes of this study were to determine the LC50 value and chemical composition of extracts from various tissues of puffer fishes as a first step to determine the further isolation of tetrodotoxin. In this study various tissues from meat, liver, skin, heart, and ovary of Arothron hispidus and Diodon hystrix species were extracted, characterized, and tested levels of toxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) methods. Between the two puffer fishes studied, the highest toxicity was found in Arothron hispidus ovary with LC50 value of 29.65 ppm. Chemical constituents of the ovary were alkaloids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Toxic compounds found in the extracts of puffer fish ovaries were tetrodotoxin which is a compound of the alkaloid class of secondary metabolites. Keywords: Puffer fish, Arothron hispidus, Diodon hystrix, toxicity, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Topic: Natural Products and Applications
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences