jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interlock System for Machine Protection at ThomX Accelerator

ThomX is a Compton based photons source. It aims to produce a compact and directional X-rays source, with high performance, high brightness and adjustable energy*. The principal application fields are medical sciences, social technology and industry. An interlock system has been implemented for machine protection, especially to protect sensitive and essential equipment (magnets, vacuum system, etc.) during machine operation. ThomX interlock system is based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC-Siemens S7-1500), it collects default signals from the different equipment of the machine, up to the central PLC which kills the beam, by stopping the RF or the injection, in case of problem (bad vacuum, magnets overheating, etc.). The interlock system consists of two levels. The first one is a local process, whose role is to monitor the variations of different parameters of the machine equipment, and generates a default signal in case of operation problem. The second level is the central PLC, which gathers and process all the default signals from subsystems, and stops the RF power in a very short time. Actually, the interlock system is under test, it will allow accelerator to work safely.

Topic: Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microstructure/Process Relations in Sol‐Gel‐Prepared KnbO <sub>3</sub> Thin Films on (100) MgO

Epitaxial (110) orthorhombic KNbO 3 thin films were prepared using alkoxide solutions. Single‐phase films were produced with stoichiometric sols while slight variations in stoichiometry (52/48 Nb/K or 48/52 Nb/K) created residual second phases. Nucleation and growth of KNbO 3 , as a function of process conditions were monitored by observing the KNbO 3 rosettes produced from niobium‐rich solutions. Methanolic solutions produced films with the highest rosette density and the highest amount of KNbO 3 . Hydrolysis of the sol aided the crystallization of the KNbO 3 phase but also promoted the formation of second phases. Hydrolysis at 0°C reduced second‐phase formation.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Latent Growth Models for Count Outcomes: Specification, Evaluation, and Interpretation

The latent growth model (LGM) is a popular tool in the social and behavioral sciences to study development processes of continuous and discrete outcome variables. A special case are frequency measurements of behaviors or events, such as doctor visits per month or crimes committed per year. Probability distributions for such outcomes include the Poisson or negative binomial distribution and their zero-inflated extensions to account for excess zero counts. This article demonstrates how to specify, evaluate, and interpret LGMs for count outcomes using the Mplus program in the structural equation modeling framework. The foundations of LGMs for count outcomes are discussed and illustrated using empirical count data on self-reported criminal offenses of adolescents (N = 1,664; age 15–18). Annotated syntax and output are presented for all model variants. A negative binomial LGM is shown to best fit the crime growth process, outperforming Poisson, zero-inflated, and hurdle LGMs.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Amniocentesis for Antenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders

Amniocentesis in early pregnancy is becoming an important tool in diagnosis and prevention of genetic disease. Improvements in technic have expanded knowledge and minimized complications. Antenatal diagnosis may lead to planned therapeutic abortion, but it often saves lives as well as reassures anxious parents.

Topic: Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acute severe mitral regurgitation after blunt chest trauma

Myocardial contusion and aortic injury are well‐known cardiac complications of blunt chest trauma, but valvular injury is rare. Traumatic valve injuries most commonly involve the aortic valve, with isolated mitral valve injury being quite rare. We report a case of acute severe mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae requiring surgical repair following a motor vehicle accident.

Topic: Trauma Management and Diagnosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Combined Aloe vera Gel and Blended Antioxidants on Cooked Chicken Meat Quality

The effects of the inclusion of Aloe vera gel mixed with blended antioxidants on cooked chicken meat quality have been evaluated. This study was designed in five different treatments, where Aloe gel at level 5% was mixed into all treatment meat batches, including (1) control (without antioxidant additives); (2) blend 1 [90 ppm oregano essential oil (OE), 150 ppm rosemary extract (RE), and 60 ppm of germander extract (GR)]; (3) blend 2 (150 ppm OE, 120 ppm RE, and 30 ppm GR); (4) 200 ppm nitrite of sodium (E-250); and (5) 14 ppm of butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA). The cooked patties of meat were refrigerated for a duration of one week. For meat quality evaluation, proximate composition, oxidation indicator for lipid and protein, total volatiles, and sensorial traits were tested at different times. Across all parameters, the treatment additives showed a considerable (p &lt; 0.05) antioxidant effect compared to the control samples. No considerable variations (p &gt; 0.05) were observed among treatment samples in relation to their proximate composition. However, the second blend exhibited the strongest antioxidant effect for all the parameters tested. Blend 1’s antioxidant effect was very comparable to 200 ppm of sodium nitrite (E-250) additive. Among all the additives, BHA showed the least significant antioxidant effect. Overall, blend 2 was classified as the most preferred treatment by the panelists. The recommendation that could be summarized is that blend 2 was an excellent natural alternative where the Aloe vera gel enhances and prolongs its antioxidant activity using cooked chicken meat.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Resistance Experience

The 'ideology and culture' of the Resistance is contained in the verbal and written utterances of participants, and in the visual testimonies of attitudes and stance which remain to us. The historical survey of the Resistance was considered as contextual, providing a framework for analysis of the literature. In all cases the approach used was close textual analysis, the texts grouped around themes: the fall of France, the Occupation, the beginning of the Resistance, the political development of the Resistance and the Liberation. For the historian, the study of such documents provides, as do other sources, concrete examples of Resistance, including the strength and development of movements, and general statements of intent and policy. The descriptor turns out a long list of journals, from the famous to the obscure in which there are major references to women, their groups and Resistance activities.

Topic: French Historical and Cultural Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Biochemical characterization of variants of the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome type VI

Abstract. Three variants of the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome type VI are described: a severe form with skeletal, dermal and ocular manifestations associated with a lack of hydroxylysine in skin and little lysyl hydroxylase activity in cultured fibroblasts; a similarly affected form with a nearly normal hydroxylsine content in skin, but with only little enzyme activity in cultured fibroblasts; and a predominantly ocular form with no biochemical abnormality in skin or cultured skin fibroblasts. The activities of prolyl 4‐hydroxylase and the two hydroxylysyl glycosyltransferases were normal in all cases, and the failure to find lysyl hydroxylase activity was not due to altered solubility characteristics of the enzyme or to the presence of an enzyme inhibitor. The collagen produced in cell culture, however, was hydroxylated to a markedly higher extent than that found in skin. In both the mutant and control cells hydroxylation of lysyl residues was less sensitive to ascorbate deficiency than that of prolyl residues.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a Cockpit Situation Display for Free-Flight

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper summarizes a body of research being conducted in the Cockpit Display Research Group at NASA Ames Research Center to support the development of a Cockpit Situation Display (CSD) for en route free flight and terminal area operations. The paper first presents an airline and FAA perspective on en route free flight operations. This discussion is followed by perspectives of free flight based on interactions with controllers from an Air Route Traffic Control Center. Next we discuss a concept of strategic en route separation and its benefits for both the airlines and ATC. We follow this with a brief summary of work in progress in the laboratory in support of the CSD design. Finally we conclude the paper by summarizing a completed CVSRF B-747 full mission simulation, where crews utilized an initial CSD designed to support en route free flight. The characteristics of the display, a temporal predictor, and a Route Assessment Tool that supported the flight crews' assessment of all traffic conflicts within ADS-B range (120 NM), is discussed.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Air Traffic Management and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of protein–polysaccharide interactions through ζ‐potential and particle size measurements to assess their functionality in wine

Abstract Protein–polysaccharide–tannin interactions are important in every aspect of red wine production from physical stability to color, astringency, and body. For this model study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as the protein, while carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), mannoproteins, and pectin were the model polysaccharides. Each protein–polysaccharide combination was analyzed for zeta (ζ) potential and particle size at neutral pH and within the wine‐like solution. Mixtures were assessed regarding their protective, affinitive, and aggregative behaviors. Based on their individual ζ‐potentials, pectin and mannoprotein were most stable at lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, they reduced the suspension's stability and increased the aggregate sizes. CMC consistently increased the stability of any solution under neutral pH conditions. However, with increasing concentrations, these large aggregates are expected to precipitate. Fruit pectin (FP) and BSA interactions seemed to be the main factors in the formation of visible precipitates at neutral pH. FP and the mannoprotein decreased stability enough to cause precipitation without haze formation. The mannoprotein decreased particle sizes, in both the suspension and precipitation, which may indicate greater selectivity toward proteins. FP also decreased the suspended particle sizes under wine conditions. These findings demonstrate the use of ζ‐potential and particle size values to characterize macromolecular interactions in model systems and can also be used to indicate effective fining agents. Practical Application This work demonstrates the capabilities of ζ‐potential analysis paired with size particle measurements to predict and characterize the interactions between macromolecules in complex systems. The interactions between model wine macromolecules can be evaluated with this technology at a level that cannot be reached with any other analytical technique.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
‘Maintain the old institutions in their old quiet way’

This chapter focuses on university reform in Victorian Britain. Change was imposed on the universities of Victorian Britain by outside forces, but it was also the outcome of a struggle within the universities. This struggle was most intense and consequential for the universities in Oxford and Cambridge, owing to their uniquely close connection with established structures of power and privilege in religion, politics, and society. One of the more strident of those who opposed reform was Alexander James Beresford Hope, MP for Cambridge University from 1868 to 1887. The chapter then investigates the universities' connection with the Church, focusing on religious tests, clerical personnel, and theological instruction. It also considers disagreements about other areas of reform: endowments, fellowships, and headships; the independence of colleges; curriculum, teaching, ‘research’, and examinations; administrative and financial issues; and accessibility and the composition of the student body.

Topic: Catholicism and Religious Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Inhibition of bile salt excretion and bile flow by spasmolytic drugs. An additional therapeutic effect in the treatment of biliary colics?

The influence of the spasmolytic drugs hyoscin-N-butylbromide (HBB, Buscopan) and Extractum opii (E. opii) on bile flow, bile salt and bilirubin excretion is investigated in the cholecystectomized, unanaesthetized pig and compared with the results after acute, quantitative interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) by biliary drainage. The results demonstrate that HBB and E. opii induce a significant decrease in bile flow and bile salt excretion. A further analysis suggests that this effect is due to an inhibition of intestinal motility and transit time, followed by a delay of the EHC of bile salts with a decrease in biliary bile salt excretion and bile salt dependent bile flow. The results point out a second mechanism that might be responsible for the effectiveness of spasmolytic drugs in the treatment of biliary colics: the lowering of intraluminal pressure by inhibition of bile salt dependent bile flow.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Direct Sequencing and Characterization of a Clinical Isolate of Epstein-Barr Virus from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tissue by Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded molecules have been detected in the tumor tissues of several cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting that EBV plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the nature of EBV with respect to genome width in vivo and whether EBV undergoes clonal expansion in the tumor tissues are still poorly understood. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to sequence DNA extracted directly from the tumor tissue of a patient with NPC. Apart from the human sequences, a clinically isolated EBV genome 164.7 kb in size was successfully assembled and named GD2 (GenBank accession number HQ020558 ). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that GD2 was closely related to GD1, a previously assembled variant derived from a patient with NPC. GD2 contains the most prevalent EBV variants reported in Cantonese patients with NPC, suggesting that it might be the prevalent strain in this population. Furthermore, GD2 could be grouped into a single subtype according to common classification criteria and contains only 6 heterozygous point mutations, suggesting the monoclonal expansion of GD2 in NPC. This study represents the first genome-wide analysis of a clinical isolate of EBV directly extracted from NPC tissue. Our study reveals that NGS allows the characterization of genome-wide variations of EBV in clinical tumors and provides evidence of monoclonal expansion of EBV in vivo . The pipeline could also be applied to the study of other pathogen-related malignancies. With additional NGS studies of NPC, it might be possible to uncover the potential causative EBV variant involved in NPC.

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water for Cleaning-In-Place of Milking Systems on Dairy Farms - Performance Evaluation and Assessment

The cleanliness of on-farm milking systems directly affects the raw milk quality. A four-step procedure is the generally accepted method for cleaning-in-place (CIP) milking systems: (1) lukewarm water rinse, (2) alkaline cleaning, (3) acid rinse, and (4) sanitizer circulation. Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water is a novel technology in which acidic EO water and alkaline EO water are generated separately by electrolyzing diluted salt solution within an electrified chamber with a membrane to partition the alkaline and acidic EO waters. As these solutions fit perfectly with the basic requirements for CIP of milking systems, it was proposed that EO water can be used as a cleaning and sanitizing agent for CIP of milking systems. Previous studies in our lab showed that the utilization of EO water for CIP provided equal or better results than conventional cleaning on a pilot-scale milking system. The current project is undertaken to evaluate, assess, and validate this technology at a commercial dairy farm compared with conventional method of CIP. Results show that EO water CIP performance is as good as or better than conventional CIP for most of the sampling locations and system components. This indicates that EO water can be adapted as an alternative CIP method for dairy farms.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Improvement of Repeatability during Dielectric Etching by Controlling Upper Electrode Temperature

상부 전극에 RF power 가 직접 인가되는 capacitively coupled plasma source를 이용한 oxide layer etching 공정은 현재 반도체 제조 공정에서 매우 유용하게 사용되고 있는 방식이다. 그러나 디바이스의 사이즈가 점점 작아지면서 공정을 진행하기 위한 RF power도 커지고, plasma ignition 되는 electrode 사이의 간격도 점점 좁아지는 기술적 변화가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 H/W의 변화에 따라 예상치 못한 문제들로 공정을 적용하는데 많은 문제점이 발생하고 있는데, 공정 진행 시에 plasma의 영향으로 인한 electrode의 온도 변화도 그 중 하나이다. 이러한 온도 변화로 인해 wafer to wafer의 공정 진행 결과가 서로 다르게 나타나게 하는 문제가 야기되고 있다. 아래의 내용에서는 상부 electrode의 온도 변화에 따른 etch 특성을 연구하고, 이를 개선할 수 있는 방법에 대해 논하고자 한다. Etch process of silicon dioxide layer by using capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) is currently being used to manufacture semiconductor devices with nano-scale feature size below 50 nm. In typical CCP plasma etcher system, plasmas are generated by applying the RF power on upper electrode and ion bombardment energy is controlled by applying RF power to the bottom electrode with the Si wafer. In this case, however, etch results often drift due to heating of the electrode during etching process. Therefore, controlling the temperature of the upper electrode is required to obtain improvement of etch repeatability. In this work, we report repeatability improvement during the silicon dioxide etching under extreme process conditions with very high RF power and close gap between upper and bottom electrodes. Under this severe etch condition, it is difficult to obtain reproducible oxide etch results due to drifts in etch rate, critical dimension, profile, and selectivity caused by unexpected problems in the upper electrode. It was found that reproducible etch results of silicon dioxide layer could be obtained by controlling temperature of the upper electrode. Methods of controlling the upper electrode and the correlation with etch repeatability will be discussed in detail.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity Studies of Gold(I)-Alkynyl Chromones

Three gold(I) complexes of alkynyl chromones were synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of a dinuclear compound and of a flavone derivative exhibit a typical d10 gold(I)-alkynyl linear arrangement. All complexes were evaluated as anticancer and antibacterial agents against four human cancer cell lines and four pathogenic bacterial strains. All compounds show antiproliferative activity at lower micromolar range concentrations. Complex 4 showed a broad activity profile, being more active than the reference drug auranofin against HepG2, MCF-7 and CCRF-CEM cancer cells. The cellular uptake into MCF-7 cells of the investigated complexes was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). These measurements showed a positive correlation between an increased cellular gold content and the incubation time of the complexes. Unexpectedly an opposite effect was observed for the most active compound. Biological assays revealed various molecular mechanisms for these compounds, comprising: (i) thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, (ii) caspases-9 and -3 activation; (iii) DNA damaging activity and (iv) cell cycle disturbance. The gold(I) complexes were also bactericidal against Gram-positive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacterial strains, while showing no activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aluminum Alloy, Seamless Drawn Tubing 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-T6) Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of seamless, drawn tubing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Strawberries

The modern strawberry is a made thing, an artifact that traces its genealogy to a plantsman's experiments in northern France in the early 1700s. Striving to domesticate the strawberry for the garden and finding the wild woodland strawberry of Europe uncooperative, attention shifted to the berries of the Americas. This chapter looks at the rise of strawberry culture on the Eastern Shore of Virginia with particular attention to the terroir of field labor, storytelling, marketing, and cuisine revealed through historical narratives, recipes, and oral histories.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF CULTIVAR ON WATER RELATIONS AND POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF GERBERA (GERBERA JAMESONII BOLUS EX. HOOK F.) CUTFLOWER

4 Abstract: Vase life, stem bending percentage and water uptake were evaluated in 15 different gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f.) cultivars. There were significant differences for vase life (10-18 days), stem bending percentage (0-100%) and average of water uptake during 10 days. Results showed that there were close relationship between vase life and water uptake and also stem bending and water uptake; so the cultivars with high water uptake had a longer vase life and lower stem bending percentage. Also, the cultivars with longer vase life and lower stem bending showed steady water uptake rate than cultivars with shorter vase life and higher stem bending. The results led to the conclusion that cultivar and water relation had a significant effect on gerbera postharvest quality, particularly, vase life and stem bending.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences