jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NUANCING NORTHERN MIDDLE ENGLISH: SCRIBAL LANGUAGE AND VARIATION IN NORTHERN MANUSCRIPTS OF THE PRICKE OF CONSCIENCE

This thesis investigates the concept of the Northern Middle English dialect area as largely homogenous, taking its core data from four Northern manuscripts of the devotional poem, the Pricke of Conscience. Due largely to a lack of localised manuscripts from this region, the NME area has been little-studied. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English is an invaluable resource for the dialectologist, but where anchor texts are lacking, it cannot form a sole basis for study. This thesis approaches dialect study in the region from a different angle, compiling and comparing linguistic data from its core manuscripts to determine what variation can be observed. Each manuscript is also considered in its codicological and sociolinguistic context, using scribal behaviour as a means of illuminating the possible provenances of manusctipts and their language types. Finally, the data is considered alongside similar information from edited texts from this region, to place it in its proper context and examine what patterns of variation emerge. The findings of this thesis show a greater range of variation across the NME region than traditional descriptions would indicate. The variation attested demonatrates that some features previously held to be 'non-northern' or anomolous are, in fact, organically and consistently in use in this area. This study identifies and describes five language varieties observable within NME. The combination of textual and codicological evidence enables suggestions to be made about the identity of several of the scribes examined, connecting language varieties to occupation and possible provenance. This thesis presents a more nuanced, heterogeneous picture of the NME region, which may serve as a basis for further study in the area.

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
From Sanctity of Contract to Reasonable Expectation?

Journal Article From Sanctity of Contract to Reasonable Expectation? Get access J.H. Baker, M.A. Ph.D. J.H. Baker, M.A. Ph.D. Fellow of St. Catharine's College , Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Current Legal Problems, Volume 32, Issue 1, 1979, Pages 17–39, https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/32.1.17 Published: 01 December 1979

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of irradiation on growth and toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum types A and B inoculated onto chicken skins

This study was conducted to examine the effects of 0.3-Mrad irradiation on growth and toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum types A and B on chicken skins. Irradiation followed by aerobic or anaerobic incubation at 30 degrees C extended the shelf life of skin samples and delayed growth and toxin production by C. botulinum. During 2 weeks of incubation at 10 degrees C, the irradiated and nonirradiated C. botulinum spores failed to grow or produce toxin.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How Positive Psychology can Support Sustainable Project Management

In this chapter, the relationship between positive psychology and sustainable project management is discussed. A general description of the field of positive psychology is given. The relationship between positive psychology and the three P’s of sustainability (People, Planet, and Profit) is described. Specific attention is paid to hope and optimism as ways to intervene in project teams. Hope and optimism are central concepts in positive psychology. These concepts can help to improve the sustainability of project teams and to stimulate sustainable change.

Topic: Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Living Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Initiators for Living ROMP Applications of Polymers Synthesized Using ROMP: From Novel Materials to Commercial Products Challenges and Perspectives for the Future Conclusion Acknowledgments References

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Decay Rate of the Singular Values of Bivariate Functions

In this work, we establish a new truncation error estimate of the singular value decomposition (SVD) for a class of Sobolev smooth bivariate functions $ \\kappa {\\,\\in\\,} L2(\\Omega,Hs(D))$, $s{\\,\\geq\\,} 0$, and $\\kappa\\in L2(\\Omega,\\dot{H}s(D))$ with $D \\subset\\mathbb{R}d$, where $Hs(D):=W{s,2}(D)$ and $\\dot Hs(D):=\\{v\\in L2(D): (-\\Delta){s/2}v\\in L2(D)\\}$ with $-\\Delta$ being the negative Laplacian on $D$ coupled with specific boundary conditions. To be precise, we show the order $\\mathcal{O}(M{-s/d})$ for the truncation error of the SVD series expansion after the $M$th term. This is achieved by deriving the sharp decay rate $\\mathcal{O}(n{-1-{2s}/{d}})$ for the square of the $n$th largest singular value of the associated integral operator, which improves on known results in the literature. We then use this error estimate to analyze an algorithm for solving a class of elliptic PDEs with random coefficient in the multiquery context, which employs the Karhunen--Loève approximation of the stochastic diffusion coefficient to truncate the model.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Compassion Fatigue and Crisis Workers' Attitude to Work

Past research has revealed that mental health practitioners experience challenging reactions in the course of their professional interactions with traumatized clients in the clinical work setting. The demands of caring, without commensurate replenishment, deplete the practitioners' empathy and produces forms of apathy and indifference towards the suffering of others, known as compassion fatigue. This quantitative, exploratory, cross sectional study examined the predictive relationships between compassion fatigue and work attitudes in primary care physicians located in West Africa. The etiological model of compassion fatigue and constructivist self-development theory (CSDT) formed the conceptual framework for examining clinician responses to trauma-related experiences in the clinical work environment. The main research question in this study was: How well does the level of compassion fatigue in practitioners predict their work attitudes in the clinical work setting? Survey data collected from 67 primary care physicians were analyzed using a linear regression modeling procedure. Results showed that practitioners' compassion fatigue was a statistically significant predictor of their work attitudes, F(1,65) = 7.78, p &lt; .05, R-² = .107. Results also confirmed that compassion satisfaction moderated the effect of compassion fatigue in practitioners. The data revealed that higher levels of compassion satisfaction was related to more positive levels of attitudes toward work. This study provided empirical information regarding the predictive relationships between compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and work attitudes. The results can be used to promote social change by providing health-care leaders in developing countries information that supports the need for activities, services, and support programs that enhance compassion satisfaction in physicians, to improve work attitudes. Such programs would promote further social change by improving the physicians' well-being, and mitigating the effects of compassion fatigue.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Biopsychological basis of mindfulness

The term mindfulness is usually described as maintaining a non judgmental moment by moment awareness of our thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations and surrounding environment. Person is consequently capable of being permanently aware. That can lead to physical relaxation, emotional balance, behavioral regulation, self perception alternation and decentration. Mindfulness is known to have numerous positive effects, such as anxiety and depression decrease, prevention of depression relapse, suicide prevention and it can also be used as an alternative cure for diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and most importantly, for increasing general quality of life. Our aim was to figure out, weather mindfulness influences brain in any possible way and if there are, despite of psychological, also any physiological changes. To achieve our goal, we have examined the online available literature, especially articles and summed up the results. We know that our connections and the structure of our brain can be changed if we are exposed to the same behavior over and over again. This phenomena called neuroplasticity is responsible and fundamental for alteration in our brain after mindfulness meditation training. Studies that compare non meditations to the experienced ones have revealed differences in size and density of gray matter in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus areas that are also responsible for memory, learning and regulation of emotions. Some researchers have also confirmed epigenetic changes in some regulatory genes after a sufficient period of regular meditation. Mindfulness can reshape our brain and neurological findings can profoundly explain the well-known psychological changes that occur as a consequence of mindfulness based meditation. With this scientific evidences of beneficial effects we could use the meditation as a preventive or healing alternative in variety of psychological and physical problems.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
SNORING AND DEMENTIA

The frequency of snoring was studied in 46 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 37 with multiinfarct dementia (MID), and in a random sample of 124 elderly community residents without known diseases affecting higher cortical functions. The demented patients were reported to snore twice as frequently as the control subjects (P less than 0.05). No difference in the frequency of snoring was present between the patients with AD and MID. In contrast to younger populations, snoring was not significantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity in this elderly population.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DC mobilization from the skin requires docking to immobilized CCL21 on lymphatic endothelium and intralymphatic crawling

Dendritic cells (DCs) must travel through lymphatics to carry skin antigens into lymph nodes. The processes controlling their mobilization and migration have not been completely delineated. We studied how DCs in live mice respond to skin inflammation, transmigrate through lymphatic endothelium, and propagate in initial lymphatics. At steady state, dermal DCs remain sessile along blood vessels. Inflammation mobilizes them, accelerating their interstitial motility 2.5-fold. CCR7-deficient BMDCs crawl as fast as wild-type DCs but less persistently. We observed discrete depositions of CCL21 complexed with collagen-IV on the basement membrane of initial lymphatics. Activated DCs move directionally toward lymphatics, contact CCL21 puncta, and migrate through portals into the lumen. CCR7-deficient DCs arrive at lymphatics through random migration but fail to dock and transmigrate. Once inside vessels, wild-type DCs use lamellipodia to crawl along lymphatic endothelium and, sensing lymph flow, proceed downstream. DCs start drifting freely only in collecting lymphatics. These results demonstrate in vivo that the CCL21–CCR7 axis plays a dual role in DC mobilization: promoting both chemotaxis and arrest of DCs on lymphatic endothelium. Intralymphatic crawling, in which DCs combine active adhesion-based migration and directional cues from lymph flow, represents a new step in DC mobilization which may be amenable to regulation.

Topic: Lymphatic System and Diseases
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of Financing on Water Supply Efficiency in Tanzania: A Case of Babati District.

Inefficiencies in water supply systems are a critical challenge in many developing regions, including Babati District, Tanzania. Despite efforts to improve water access, issues such as inadequate government funding, inconsistent development aid, limited community involvement, water leakage, and high energy costs hinder the efficient operation of these systems. These inefficiencies compromise service delivery, leading to unreliable access to clean water and heightened operational costs. Therefore, this study examines the impact of government funding, development aid, and community contributions on the efficiency of water supply systems in Babati District. Utilizing a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 76 respondents, including government officials, water utility workers, and community leaders. Regression analysis revealed that government funding, development aid, and community contributions have a significant positiveimpact on water supply efficiency. In contrast, water leakage and high energy costs were found to negatively affect efficiency, with population density also presenting a marginally significant challenge. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased public investment in infrastructure, greater community engagement, and the adoption of energy-efficient technologies to improve water service sustainability and performance in the district. These insights provide a framework for policymakers and stakeholders to address water inefficiencies and improve service delivery in similar rural contexts.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Choosing Investment Portfolios When the Returns Have Stable Distributions

This paper presents an efficient method for computing approximately optimal portfolios when the returns have symmetric stable distributions and there are many alternative investments. The procedure is valid, in particular, for independent investments and for multivariate investments of the classes introduced by Press and Samuelson. The algorithm is based on a two-stage decomposition of the problem and is analogous to the procedure developed by the author that is available for normally distributed investments utilizing Lintner's reformulation of Tobin's separation theorem…

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Civil law regulation of dependent compulsory licensing on the example of the healthcare sector

In modern conditions, the legal mechanisms of compulsory licensing are of particular relevance as an important tool for the development of domestic technologies. These institutions are designed to encourage owners of intellectual property to use it more effectively in the public and national interests. The relevance, features and problems of compulsory licensing on the claims of the right holders of dependent objects of patent protection are considered. For brevity of terminology, this type of compulsory licensing is proposed to be called “dependent compulsory licensing”. Special attention is paid to the controversial legal requirement that the plaintiff prove the importance of a technical achievement and the materiality of the economic advantages of its dependent result of intellectual activity. Based on the results of a comparative analysis, it was concluded that there is more stringent regulation in Russian civil law compared to international obligations assumed by the Russian Federation, in particular, under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights dated July 24, 2017. This tightening may impede further improvement and efficiency in the use of objects of patent protection. The conclusion is substantiated that the legal tools and conceptual apparatus used in pt 2 of Article 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation require detailed study and clarification in order to create legal conditions for the distribution of dependent compulsory licensing in practice, in particular, in the healthcare sector.

Topic: Digital Transformation in Law
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of &lt;i&gt;LIV1&lt;/i&gt;, a Putative Zinc Transporter Gene Responsible for HDACi-Induced Apoptosis, Using a Functional Gene Screen Approach

Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of &lt;i&gt;LIV1&lt;/i&gt;, a Putative Zinc Transporter Gene Responsible for HDACi-Induced Apoptosis, Using a Functional Gene Screen Approach

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Differentially Private Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Model Using Federated Learning

The surge in interest and application of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a drive to fine-tune these models to suit specific applications, such as finance and medical science. However, concerns regarding data privacy have emerged, especially when multiple stakeholders aim to collaboratively enhance LLMs using sensitive data. In this scenario, federated learning becomes a natural choice, allowing decentralized fine-tuning without exposing raw data to central servers. Motivated by this, we investigate how data privacy can be ensured in LLM fine-tuning through practical federated learning approaches, enabling secure contributions from multiple parties to enhance LLMs. Yet, challenges arise: (1) despite avoiding raw data exposure, there is a risk of inferring sensitive information from model outputs, and (2) federated learning for LLMs incurs notable communication overhead. To address these challenges, this article introduces DP-LoRA, a novel federated learning algorithm tailored for LLMs. DP-LoRA preserves data privacy by employing a Gaussian mechanism that adds noise in weight updates, maintaining individual data privacy while facilitating collaborative model training. Moreover, DP-LoRA optimizes communication efficiency via low-rank adaptation, minimizing the transmission of updated weights during distributed training. The experimental results across medical, financial, and general datasets using various LLMs demonstrate that DP-LoRA effectively ensures strict privacy constraints while minimizing communication overhead.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Artist as Creator Not Producer: The Unsold and Unappreciated as Art in Rubén Darío

Central to Rubén Darío's literary corpus is a preoccupation with the ways in which the socioeconomic sphere protrudes into the artistic realm. It is important to establish from the outset that whereas Rubén Darío has been seen, in general, as Ricardo Szmetan rightly notes, "as a poet little attuned to man's problems in his social environment," the truth of the matter is that his short stories, especially those from Azul, "are evidence of the courage of the writer" insofar as they show "real societal problems through the suffering characters" and demonstrate "some of the principal concerns regarding the poet's condition" (415, 423, translation mine). Darío incorporates "latent rebelliousness and real social protest" into these stories, which underscore the fact that "the situation created for the artist requires the artist to invent artificial worlds outside of daily reality, expressing in this way his discontent with a social system little interested in the products of pure creation ["en los frutos de la creación pura"]" (Szmetan 415, 417, translation mine). Darío's societal concerns are best captured in three of his most famous short stories from the collection Azul (Blue): "El Rey Burgués," "El pájaro azul," and "El velo de la reina Mab."KeywordsShort StoryCapitalist ModeArtist FigureLiterary CorpusAesthetic TasteThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Spanish Literature and Culture Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Improved Visible Light Communication Receiver Performance by Leveraging the Spatial Dimension

In wireless communications systems, signals can be transmitted as time (temporal) or spatial variants across 3D space, and in both ways. However, using temporal variant communication channels in high-speed data transmission introduces inter-symbol interference (ISI) which makes the systems unreliable. On the other hand, spatial diversity in signal processing reduces the ISI and improves the system throughput or performance by allowing more signals from different spatial locations at the same time. Therefore, the spatial features or properties of visible light signals can be very useful in designing a reliable visible light communication (VLC) system with higher system throughput and making it more robust against ambient noise and interference. By allowing only the signals of interest, spatial separability in VLC can minimize the noise to a greater extent to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which can ensure higher data rates (in the order of Gbps-Tbps) in VLC. So, designing a VLC system with spatial diversity is an exciting area to explore and might set the foundation for future VLC system architectures and enable different VLC based applications such as vehicular VLC, multi-VLC, localization, and detection using VLC, etc. This thesis work is motivated by the fundamental challenges in reusing spatial information in VLC systems to increase the system throughput or gain through novel system designing and their prototype implementations.

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences