jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FT-IR spectra of APPL obtained from control wheat straw and transformed in SSF conditions by wild-type (SilA) and laccase-negative mutant (SilA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) strains.

&lt;p&gt;Labels on the peaks corresponds to wavenumber of peaks in cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; followed by assignation as ester; amide I (Am I); amide II (Am II); lignin and polyphenols (Lg); polysaccharides (Ps).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Data from &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Modeling of Patient Genetic Heterogeneity Identifies New Ways to Target Cholangiocarcinoma

Supplementary Data from &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Modeling of Patient Genetic Heterogeneity Identifies New Ways to Target Cholangiocarcinoma

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Virginity, Singleness and Celibacy: Late Fourth-Century and Recent Evangelical Visions of Unmarried Christians

Within the Evangelical world of family values, a small but intriguing group of recent books have been developing a vision of Christian celibacy that challenges assumptions about singleness and marriage. Many of these books are partly inspired by the writings of the Early Church. By comparing these books with similarly themed late fourth-century virginity treatises, this study explores how each develops an understanding of committed abstinent singleness as an holistic and positive way of life that goes beyond mere abstinence.The categories of calling, commitment and sexuality are used to contrast Patristic virginity treatises by Gregory of Nyssa, Ambrose of Milan and John Chrysostom with contemporary books on Christian singleness or celibacy by Laura A. Smit, Annemarie S. Kidder, Barry Danylak and Christine A. Colón and Bonnie E. Field. This study focuses on the details of why people would choose such a life, what exactly they are committing to, and how they would handle sexual desire. Each source in its own way shows virginity/celibacy as a way of life, which, parallel with marriage, uniquely expresses love, service and a way of being conformed to the image of Christ.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modeling of an Electronic Noise and Media in a Magnetic Recording Read Channel Using VHDL

This paper presents a modeling and simulation methodology of two challenging aspects of a partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) magnetic recording read channel: electronic noise and magnetic media. The methodology is based on an event-driven simulator that supports real-valued signals, such as standard VHDL. A few examples are presented for the noise source, PLL jitter/wander modeling, and magnetic media waveform creation. Success of this methodology has been demonstrated through a commercial 550 MHz PRML read channel IC. The read channel IC is of a mixed-signal design type with 30% analog and 70% digital content.

Topic: Cellular Automata and Applications
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fourier Interpolation and Neural Network Analysis for Accurate 3D Reconstruction of Images Produced by an Inductive Sensor

This paper describes a novel methodology to reduce the scanning time and to extract bar dimensional information from images generated by an inductive sensor. Using a sparsely populated data set obtained from a reduced number of scan lines, faster high resolution images are generated using image interpolation techniques. Having generated these images, image filtering, peak picking and neural networks methods are applied to extract bar dimensional information and accurate 3 D visualization.

Topic: Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Efficient Two-Step Synthesis of Biodiesel from Greases

Biodiesel (BD) is an alternative diesel fuel derived from both vegetable oils and animal fats. Currently, most BD is made by alkali-catalyzed transesterification of a refined oil or fat, the cost of which is the major expenditure in producing BD. Yellow and brown greases are readily available renewable fats that are less expensive and hence represent attractive feedstocks for the production of BD. The high free fatty acid (FFA) content of these feedstocks, however, makes it difficult to produce BD using base-catalyzed transesterification. In this paper, we report the use of a series of diarylammonium catalysts that are highly effective in catalyzing the esterification of the FFA present in greases (12–40 wt % FFA). At a catalyst loading of 2–3 mol %, high conversions of FFA to esters (95−99%) were achieved by treating the greases with 5–20 equiv of methanol at 95 °C for 2 h. The treated greases had a final FFA content of 0.5–1 wt %. We also incorporated these diarylammonium catalysts into insoluble porous polymers via free radical-initiated polymerization. The polymer-immobilized catalysts were found to be equally effective as their homogeneous counterparts in esterifying FFA to esters and were readily recycled and reused for esterification reactions upon reactivation with triflic acid. The resulting ester−glyceride mixtures were then readily converted to total esters by base-catalyzed transesterification. This two-step protocol provides an efficient procedure for the production of biodiesel from greases.

Topic: Biodiesel Production and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Differential evolution for multi-modal multi-objective problems

Multi-modal multi-objective problems (MMMOPs) have two or more distinct Pareto-optimal sets (PSs) mapping to the same Pareto-front (PF). Identifying all such PSs assists in informed decision-making. However, existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are not equipped to discover multiple PSs. Recently, a few studies have been conducted to design algorithms for such MMMOPs. However, the diversity of the solutions in the PF, obtained by these algorithms, are poor. Moreover, two effective strategies, identified to address MMMOPs, are niching methods and population filtering, based on convergence and diversity of solutions in PF along with diversity of solutions in PS. Motivated by these requirements, this study presents Differential Evolution for MMMOPs (DE-TriM). Its novel contributions include mating pool selection strategy and resource allocation scheme based on reference vector based decomposition of objective space. The effectiveness of DE-TriM is validated by its performance analysis on 11 benchmark MMMOPs in terms of four performance measures as compared to three recent optimization algorithms. The results demonstrate similar performance of DE-TriM in decision space and its superior performance in objective space as compared to the state-of-the-art multi-modal multi-objective evolutionary algorithm.

Topic: Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
III. A Eucharistically Malnourished Baptist's Desire for Intercommunion

While I am not claiming credit for this year's panel session devoted to the question of intercommunion in the context of College Theology Society's convention with Baptist participation, I am deeply gratified that we as the church's theologians, Baptist and Catholic, are now raising the question in this manner, and that Professor Freeman has made clear for us what the ground rules seem to be for playing the hypothetical game of Baptist-Catholic intercommunion at a CTS convention. I have nothing to add to his spot-on summary of the Baptist “rules” for open communion and the Catholic “rules” for exceptional intercommunion articulated in the documents he has cited.

Topic: Catholicism and Religious Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A synthetic route to bicyclic pyrazolenines via 3-chloropyrazolines and the ring opening of pyrazolenines to diazoalkenes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA synthetic route to bicyclic pyrazolenines via 3-chloropyrazolines and the ring opening of pyrazolenines to diazoalkenesYoshihiko Nakano, Masashi Hamaguchi, and Toshikazu NagaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 25, 5912–5919Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00286a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00286a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Reassessing public expenditure priorities: The case of education in South Africa

This paper highlights one of the central challenges facing the present South African government - meeting the strong demands for increased and more equitable provisions of education and maintaining fiscal discipline. This task need not be daunting, as theory and evidence suggest that there is considerable scope for rationalising the existing state provision of social services in South Africa to make them more equitable and efficient. We employ an economic theory of clubs and argue that the provision of basic education should be prioritised while the subsidisation of sophisticated and higher levels of education should be reconsidered. More specifically, the qualitative upgrading of basic schooling deserves more priority from the state while subsidies to exclusive schools and to university students need review. Such rationalisations should encourage sustained economic growth and enable the state to meet its RDP objectives without compromising its commitment to fiscal discipline. However, to achieve this the state will have to resist the strong pressures for the continued provision of services which bestow large private benefits on privileged groups.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Prediction model for short‐term traffic flow based on a K‐means‐gated recurrent unit combination

Abstract Short‐term forecasting of traffic flow is an indispensable part of easing traffic pressure. Considering that different traffic flow patterns will affect the short‐term traffic flow prediction results, a combined method based on the K‐means clustering algorithm and gated recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed to build a short‐term traffic flow prediction model to overcome the above problems. The K‐means algorithm is used to cluster historical traffic flow data to establish different traffic flow pattern libraries. The K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) classification algorithm is used to determine the historical traffic flow pattern most similar to the traffic flow change trend of the date to be predicted. All historical traffic flow data in this category is used training samples to make targeted predictions. The traffic flow data of performance measurement system (PeMS) in California, USA is used to verify the performance of the proposed model. Compared with the GRU network, stacked auto encoders (SAEs), random forest (RF), and support vector machine regression (SVR), the results show that the proposed combination model K‐means‐GRU considers the diversity of traffic flow patterns and improves the prediction accuracy, it can better solve the short‐term traffic flow prediction problem.

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigating the Impact of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers on Poverty Reduction and Economic Empowerment: The Case of Nigeria

Since the year 2000, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has become the central focus of the international community. Using an empowerment framework, this study assessed the impacts of the four projects associated with Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) or its Nigerian blueprint, National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS). It gathered data with semi-structured interviews/focus group and interpretation based on qualitative content analysis. Findings suggest that PRSPs present opportunity for Nigeria to achieve the MDGs, especially one and five, but that opportunity is being overshadowed by the desire to see economic growth rather than human development. Hence, the projects associated with NEEDS tend to reinforce the existing problems, participants were exposed to exploitation and its attendant consequences such as deprivation, destitution and homelessness. However, it is hard to imagine what could have happened to poverty in Nigeria without PRSPs and not within the scope of this study to draw conclusion about the degree of poverty, but the views of the forty-two participants suggest that they have lost hope in the MDGs. Hence, without a drastic modification of the Nigerian government's modus operandi, reduction in absolute poverty in Nigeria by half in 2015 or even 2030 will remain a dream.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mechanical Analysis of Endotracheal Tubes

An endotracheal tube (ETT) is a medical device that is crucial for the intubation&#13;\nprocess in order to deliver anesthesia and/or oxygen to a patient during a medical&#13;\nprocedure. Device malfunctions, such as kinking, can lead to procedural complications,&#13;\nphysical injury to the patient, or even patient death. The anesthesiology department at&#13;\nNationwide Children’s Hospital has expressed concern regarding malfunction of a new&#13;\nmodel of ETT the hospital has recently adopted. While the anesthesiologists believe the&#13;\nperformance of the cuff portion of the new ETT model, Halyard Microcuff Endotracheal&#13;\nTube (Halyard Health), is more effective than the cuff of the previously used model,&#13;\nShiley Hi-Lo Oral/Nasal Tracheal Tube Cuffed (formerly branded as Mallinckrodt;&#13;\nMedtronic, Inc.), they are concerned about the Halyard model’s increased susceptibility&#13;\nto kinking during a procedure. Therefore, this project aims to develop a repeatable&#13;\nmechanical test that is able to determine when a devastating ETT kink is occurring. This&#13;\ntest will then be used to compare the mechanical properties of both the Halyard and the&#13;\nShiley model ETTs under common conditions experienced in the clinic. These clinical&#13;\nconditions include a room (25C) and body temperature (36C), as well as oxygen airflow&#13;\nthrough the ETTs during mechanical testing. This pilot study has developed a repeatable&#13;\nmechanical testing procedure in order to determine the compression force and distance&#13;\nrequired to kink an ETT under different conditions. Results of this study showed that the&#13;\nforce required to induce the devastating kink failure was determined to be lower for the&#13;\nheated testing conditions. Additionally the addition of airflow through the ETTs during&#13;\ncompression testing confirms the occurrence of airway obstruction at approximately the&#13;\nsame time a mechanical kink is observed on the force vs. distance curves. Further testing must be performed to determine statistically significant differences between ETT models&#13;\nand conditions. It is anticipated that the further results of this study will provide insight&#13;\ninto which model of ETT anesthesiologists should choose to promote safer medical&#13;\nprocedures, as well as potentially influence the design of future ETTs by their&#13;\nmanufacturers.

Topic: Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Differential impacts of grazing on grassland plant diversity, biomass, soil C, and soil N across an elevation gradient

Abstract Understanding how vegetation traits and soil characteristics respond to grazing in grasslands is fundamental to their restoration and management. Here, we investigated changes in species diversity, plant productivity, soil total nitrogen (STN), and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage following grazer exclusion at three grassland sites along an elevation gradient in the Kashmir Himalaya. Plant cover, aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB, respectively), SOC, and STN increased following six years of grazing exclusion, though species diversity indices declined over this period. Grazer exclusion increased the biomass of all functional groups (sedges, grasses, legumes, and forbs), with sedges, particularly Carex muricata , showing the highest increase. Grazer effects on AGB and BGB, SOC, and STN varied with elevation, with the most pronounced effect of grazing detected at the highest elevation site. Grazer effects on the vertical distribution of root biomass, SOC, and STN were restricted to topsoil (10 cm) at low‐elevation sites but extended to deeper layers of soil at high‐elevation sites.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A framework for distributed debugging

The authors provide a general picture of current research in distributed debugging. Rather than an exhaustive survey of the area, they present a view of the issues and solutions based on a proposed framework for distributed debugging systems. They concentrate on runtime debugging. However, they stress that static debugging and runtime debugging complement each other and that neither should be overlooked.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Clinical characteristics of transformation obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A psychopathological study

Background: The obsession of turning into another person (transformation obsessions [TO]), and its related compulsions have been initially conceptualised as a form of mental contamination. Nevertheless, it has remained understudied in the current obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) literature. In parallel, disturbances of the self have been identified as markers of prodromal psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. Based on the later association, this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of TO. Methods: In all, 1001 OCD outpatients from the Brazilian OCD Research Consortium were included in this study. Several semi-structured and structured instruments were used to compare 48 OCD patients with TO with 953 OCD patients without TO. A repression model investigated the relationships between the presence of current TO and statistically significant univariate test outcomes. Results: Participants with TO presented an overall younger age, a longer period of time between the onset of the OCD symptoms and an OCD diagnosis, greater severity of the sexual/religious dimension and increased suicidality symptoms. Conclusions: These results indicate that TO may be better conceptualised as a form of forbidden/taboo thoughts rather than contamination. While no significant associations with psychotic features (e.g. decreased insight) were observed, TO patients displayed increased suicidality, overall younger age and a significantly larger disparity between seeking treatment and OCD diagnosis. This demonstrates that further clinical awareness and research into TO as an OCD symptom is most needed.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Phytopharmacasia Stimuno Syrup as a Traditional Medicine

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Stimuno Syrup as an immunomodulator in improving the immune system. A descriptive-analytical approach is used to collect information on the composition, active ingredients, and efficacy claims of Stimuno Syrup from various reliable sources, including scientific literature and information from the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM). The composition analysis of Stimuno Syrup includes the identification of the main active ingredients, the content of the active substances, as well as the evaluation of the product packaging and label. Furthermore, empirical data from preclinical and clinical studies were evaluated to provide a comprehensive picture of the efficacy and safety of Stimuno Syrup. The results of this study are expected to provide a clearer understanding of the potential of traditional medicine in the modern context as well as provide stronger scientific support for the use of Stimuno Syrup as an alternative in maintaining health and increasing immunity.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Second Generation

Chapter 3 deals with the Spanish Constitutional Court. In this second generation of constitutional courts there are fewer unknown factors and more instances of courts in other countries to draw inspiration from, including the Italian Constitutional Court. All this contributed to the establishment and consolidation of constitutional justice. In the period from 1980 to the early 1990s, the Spanish Court dealt with four main issues, concerning the normative value of the constitutional provisions, the preconstitutional legislation, fundamental rights, and the territorial organization of the state. From the very beginning, the constitutional court upheld the normative value of all the provisions of the Constitution, and played an important role in determining whether the preconstitutional laws were in conflict with the provisions of the Constitution laying down fundamental rights and freedoms. Moreover, it succeeded in setting up an effective system of protection of fundamental rights, as well as ensuring a rational functioning of the State of Autonomies. The territorial question represented one of the most complex issues to be addressed, and the outcome of the transition to democracy was largely dependent on this matter.

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences