jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of unsuspected abnormal echocardiograms in adolescents with down syndrome

Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of cardiac disease previously undiagnosed in healthy asymptomatic children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects with DS ages 10–20 years were recruited from two sites, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA) and Children's National Health System (Washington, DC) for a cross‐sectional study of body composition and cardiometabolic risk. Echocardiographic and clinical data were collected from patients enrolled in the parent study of cardiometabolic risk. Nine (6%) new cardiac diagnoses were identified out of 149 eligible patients. All new findings resulted in outpatient referrals to pediatric cardiology. Current guidelines recommend screening all newborns with DS for congenital heart disease. Older patients with DS may benefit from rescreening.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DABCO catalyzed synthesis of new 2-amino-8-arylidene-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo- 4&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-pyran-3-carbonitriles from α,ά-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones

The synthesis of new series of 2-amino-8-arylidene-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles from the reaction of &#945;,&#940;-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones with malononitrile under reflux conditions in the presence DABCO in good to excellent yields has been described.&#160;KEY WORDS: DABCO, 4H-Pyran, &#945;,&#940;-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanone&#160;Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2012, 26(2), 249-255.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v26i2.8

Topic: Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Radio frequency needle hyperthermia of normal and cancerous animal tissue&lt;/title&gt;

Capacitative radio frequency (RF) was met with little success when used to treat human cancer. Conductive rf needle hyperthermia (RFNH) is used successfully for human tissue ablation in neurosurgery, cardiology, and recently in urology. RFNH ablates tissue by causing thermal damage limited to the vicinity of the rf needle. We conducted a series of studies to evaluate the effect of RFNH on cancerous and normal tissue. RFNH was applied to normal porcine livers during open surgery. Liver function tests were elevated two days post treatment, then returned to normal. Pigs were sequentially sacrificed. RFNH induced lesions were found to be maximal in size on days 2 - 4 post treatment and later became smaller as liver regenerated. Phase 2 included mice bearing two subcutaneous murine bladder tumors (MBT2). The rf needle was inserted into both tumors of each mouse, but rf current was applied to one tumor only. Energies of 3 to 7.5 watts were applied for 30 seconds to 5 minutes using a 0.02 inch needle. Mice were sacrificed 0, 1, and 3 days after treatment. Necrotic lesions 0.5 - 1.2 cm in diameter were found within the treated tumors. In phase 3, mice bearing a single 8 - 18 mm subcutaneous tumor were treated by RFNH aiming for complete tumor destruction. All control mice died of huge tumors within 31 days. Treated mice were alive with no signs of tumor when sacrificed 60 days after treatment. In phase 3 RFNH is capable of complete tumor eradication with little damage to surrounding normal tissue. It may have clinical applications for percutaneous endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment of tumors.

Topic: Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evidence for Female Autodetection and Plasticity of Pheromone Response in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>

ABSTRACT This study investigated autodetection in female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), revealing that their sensitivity to conspecific pheromones is environmentally modulated. We developed an “ungrouped” rearing strategy to minimize pre‐exposure. Electroantennogram recordings showed differential responses between ungrouped (naïve) and grouped (pheromone‐pre‐exposed) females, demonstrating female sensitivity to their own pheromones, influenced by environmental history. Behaviorally, autodetection elicited spacing behavior, most pronounced in naïve females. These findings highlight that pre‐exposure can decrease peripheral sensitivity, a crucial consideration for laboratory studies and the development of effective pheromone‐based pest management strategies that account for female behavioral adaptation.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Modified Atmosphere Enriched with Argon Gas as An Alternative Measure for Controlling Four Stored Dates Pests

This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of modified atmosphere (MA) enriched with Argon gas as an alternative measure for controlling four stored dates pests, two from order: Lepidoptera, Ephestia cautella (Walker) & Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and two from order Coleoptera; Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linnaeus & Stegobium paniceum (L.) and its effect on some enzymes activity of tested insects.Argon gas concentrations of (60, 80 and 100 %) had been tested against the four mentioned insects at different exposure times ranged from 3 to 144 hrs.The results revealed that Lepidopterous were more sensitive to Argon gas than Coleopterous.Also, data indicated that not all tested insects have the same sensitivity to Argon gas.Obtained results indicated that the reduction % of adult emergence increased by increasing exposure duration and or concentration.At the concentration of 100 % Argon, data reported that the larvae of E. cautella were the most susceptible and reached a 100% reduction after 12 hrs.While the adults of O. surinamensis was the most tolerant insect stage to Argon gas where reached 74.60 % reduction after 72 hrs.Exposure of P. interpunctella and O. surinamensis to LT 50 of Argon increased the activity of two defensive enzymes within tested insects, Acid phosphatase, &Carboxlesterases.and decreased the activity of LDH enzyme.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sub-National Politics

The U.S. system of layered governments encompasses states, cities, and other entities such as counties and special districts. Most scholars have adopted one of three major approaches to studying this complex system: a legal approach that emphasizes a lack of formal powers at lower levels; a fiscal federalism tradition that focuses on considerations of efficiency; or a focus on intergovernmental policy and public administration. Each literature has much to offer, but none provides a comprehensive political perspective on federalism. Such an approach would view the various governments in the intergovernmental system as institutional structures that have claims on each other, occupied by political entrepreneurs motivated by their own career goals that succeed or fail largely because of how they respond to constituent interests. Each component of this approach has been the subject of substantial research that can be brought to bear on the topic of sub-national politics.

Topic: Political Systems and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Residue avoidance after topical application of veterinary drugs and parasiticides.

Deriving adequate withdrawal intervals for extralabel use of veterinary topical products is difficult because there are limited published data, and data for approved drugs and pesticides are usually proprietary. Where possible, approved products and doses labeled for the specific indication at hand should be used and label withdrawal times should be adhered to. When determining whether topical application of these chemicals may violate tolerance levels in meat and milk, the veterinarian often is limited to empirical data. In the decision-making process, factors, such as type of drug and pesticide formulations used, method of topical application, presence of hair or wool, environmental conditions, and animal species treated, should be considered. In many cases a conservative estimate for the slaughter withdrawal interval can be derived, despite the data gaps. Such recommendations should not be used for routine extralabel use, but are meant to apply to situations in which the drug or pesticide has been used, and human food safety concerns must be addressed.

Topic: Agricultural safety and regulations
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Essentiality, Protein-Protein Interactions and Evolutionary Properties are Key Predictors for Identifying Cancer-Associated Genes Using Machine Learning

<title>Abstract</title> The distinctive nature of cancer as a disease prompts an exploration of the special characteristics the genes implicated in cancer exhibit. The identification of cancer-associated genes and their characteristics is crucial to further our understanding of this disease and enhanced likelihood of therapeutic drug targets success. However, the rate at which cancer genes are being identified experimentally is slow. Applying predictive analysis techniques, through the building of accurate machine learning models, is potentially a useful approach in enhancing the identification rate of these genes and their characteristics. Here, we investigated gene essentiality scores and found that they tend to be higher for cancer-associated genes compared to other protein-coding human genes. We built a dataset of extended gene properties linked to essentiality and used it to train a machine-learning model; this model reached 89% accuracy and &gt; 0.85 for the Area Under Curve (AUC). The model showed that essentiality, evolutionary-related properties, and properties arising from protein-protein interaction networks are particularly effective in predicting cancer-associated genes. We were able to use the model to identify potential candidate genes that have not been previously linked to cancer. Prioritising genes that score highly by our methods could aid scientists in their cancer genes research.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The wisdom of Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion gaining insight to body and mind

本シンポジウムは、 この度の学術大会で行われる東京宣言採択に向けて、 企画されたものである。 従って、 宣言書の起草案の骨子となる(1)日本鍼灸の歴史(2)現状分析(3)将来と課題について、 起草案を作成した東京宣言起草委員会の委員の代表にシンポジストをお願いした。 (1)の日本鍼灸の歴史については、 本シンポジウムの前に行われる教育講演を受けて、 特に日本の鍼灸発展に関して重要な事項を簡潔に説明いただいた。 (2)の現状分析については、 研究面と臨床面とに分け、 お二人の先生に解説いただいた。 (3)の将来と課題は、 歴史と現状分析を受けて、 現状の問題点を明らかにした上で、 今後如何に日本の鍼灸を発展させていくかを提案していただいた。 鍼灸医療に携わる諸兄にとっては、 現在の鍼灸の臨床、 研究並びに教育、 研修について少なからず課題をお持ちであると思料するところであるが、 個々の問題点は議論しても系統的且つ総括的に話し合う場は、 今までにはなかったかもしれない。 そこで、 このシンポジウムでは、 多くの方々から意見を頂戴した結果として、 歴史的事実や現状分析から課題となる問題点をできる限り抽出したものを報告した。 そして、 日本の鍼灸が将来、 今以上に広く汎用される療法となるためのひとつの方策を中心に検討し、 シンポジウムの結論とした。

Topic: Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of the latch and breakdown phenomena in N and P channel thin film SOI MOSFET's as a function of temperature

A study of the latch and breakdown phenomena in thin film N- and P-channel SOI MOSFET's is performed as a function of temperature. For P-type MOSFET's, for which no investigation of the parasitic bipolar transistor has been carried out, we show that latch problems are observed in the subhalf-micrometer range, while this feature is emphasized in the micrometer range for N-channel transistors. In addition, it is demonstrated by theoretical considerations and experimental results that these parasitic effects are strongly reduced at liquid nitrogen temperature and vanish almost entirely at liquid helium temperature. Similar improvements are obtained at low temperature in both N and P-channel SIMOX MOSFET's.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comparative Meta‐Analysis on the Association of <scp>lncRNAs MALAT1</scp>, <scp>HOTAIR</scp>, and <scp>AFAP1</scp>‐<scp>AS1</scp> With the Risk of Developing Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Cancer

ABSTRACT Background Numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the development of cancer metastasis. The expression levels of many lncRNAs are elevated in metastatic lung cancer patients compared to non‐metastatic lung cancer patients. Objectives The primary objective of the study was to investigate the association between the expression levels of three lncRNAs (MALAT1, HOTAIR, and AFAP1‐AS1) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) of lung cancer. Methods Cell Press, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were explored to perform the literature search. After screening 1862 articles, 66 English‐language articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From those articles, 17 publications comprising 1622 lung cancer patients were chosen for statistical analyses as well as quality assessment tests. Results Forest plot analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in the incidence of LNM between the high and low MALAT1 expression groups (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.34–7.67; random effects model). Significant differences were also observed in the incidence of LNM between patients with high and low HOTAIR expression levels (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.47–11.82; random effects model). The expression level of AFAP1‐AS1 was found to be significantly associated with LNM in lung cancer (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.39–3.85, random effects model). Additional analysis from GEPIA and GEO databases revealed that the expression levels of these lncRNAs vary according to the type of tumor tissue, organ of metastasis, and cancer stage. However, these databases show that the result for AFAP1‐AS1 is the most aligned with the meta‐analysis's findings. Furthermore, several quality assessment tests showed that the AFAP1‐AS1 studies are more reliable compared to the studies of other lncRNAs. Conclusion This study suggested that LNM in lung cancer patients is associated mostly with an elevated AFAP1‐AS1 lncRNA level among the pool of three lncRNAs analyzed. Before these results can be implemented in a clinical setting, it is essential to conduct further validation and undertake comprehensive analysis to ensure robustness and reliability.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Limits of the concepts of organisational learning and learning organisation for government-owned international development agencies

The concepts of organisational learning and the learning organisation (LO) emerged to cope with a rapidly changing global environment. Yet, little has been discussed about the benefits of the concepts for governmental organisations. This article focuses on a unique type of organisation, namely government-owned international development agencies (GIDAs) and discusses the utility of the concepts for them. First, the article reviews the existing literature on the two concepts and the characteristics of GIDAs. It then argues that the concepts are of limited utility for GIDAs because of the contexts in which GIDAs are embedded. The concepts encourage organisations to take risks, experiment, and perform double-loop learning; however, factors facing GIDAs such as tightly regulated mandates, strict accountability requirements, strong political and bureaucratic pressures, ambiguous goals, and cultural values in overseas offices in non-Western countries discourage the GIDAs from living up to the potential the concepts offer.

Topic: Public Policy and Administration Research
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Determination of Critical Points of Hypoeutectoid Steels / Wyznaczanie Punktów Krytycznych W Stalach Podeutektoidalnych

The paper presents a new approach to interpretation of hypoeutectoid steel dilatograms upon heating between the austenite start and austenite finish temperatures. The proposed derivative curve separation method yields data which accords with the experimental results. Besides the new method appears a useful tool whereby it becomes possible to confirm the evidence reported earlier in literature that when a hypoeutectoid steel heats up to between the A 1 and the A 3 both ferrite and pearlite start to transform into austenite almost at the same time.

Topic: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in Hsp60 Level of the Failing Heart Following Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Effect of Long-Term Treatment with Trandolapril

Changes in heat shock protein (Hsp) 60 of the viable left ventricular muscle (viable LV) after myocardial infarction in rats and the effect of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) trandolapril were examined. Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. The coronary artery-ligated (CAL) and sham-operated (Sham) rats were orally treated with 3 mg/kg/d trandolapril from the 2nd to 8th week after surgery. Hemodynamic parameters and tissue weights of the left and right ventricles of the animals at the 8th week after CAL (8w-CAL rats) showed signs indicating chronic heart failure. An increase in Hsp60 content, a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and an increase in the mitochondrial thiobarbiturate-reacting substance (TRS) of the viable LV were detected. Eight weeks after CAL. Long-term treatment of the CAL rats with trandolapril improved the hemodynamic parameters, attenuated the CAL-induced increase in Hsp60 content, the decrease in mitochondrial OCR, and the increase in the mitochondrial TRS content of the viable LV at the 8th week after myocardial infarction. The increase in Hsp60 content was closely related to the decrease in the mitochondrial OCR and to a rise in the LVEDP of the CAL animal at the 8th week after myocardial infarction. These results suggest that a series of pathophysiological alterations, including a reduction in mitochondrial function, appearance of reactive oxygen stress, and production of Hsp60 is involved in the development of cardiac failure and that trandolapril is beneficial for preventing these alterations.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Does group foraging promote efficient exploitation of resources?

Increased avoidance of food patches previously exploited by other companions has been proposed as one adaptive benefit of group foraging. However, does group foraging really represent the most efficient way to exploit non‐ or slowly‐renewing resources? Here, I used simulations to explore the costs and benefits of exploiting non‐renewing resources by foragers searching for food patches independently or in groups in habitats with different types of resource distribution. Group foragers exploited resources in a patch more quickly and therefore spent proportionately more time locating new patches. Reduced avoidance of areas already exploited by others failed to overcome the increased time cost of searching for new food patches and group foragers thus obtained food at a lower rate than solitary foragers. Group foraging provided one advantage in terms of a reduction in the variance of food intake rate. On its own, reduced avoidance of exploitation competition through group foraging appears unlikely to increase mean food intake rate when exploiting non‐renewing patches but may provide a way to reduce the risk of an energy shortfall.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Phytochemical and comparative transcriptome analyses reveal different regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways between Matricaria recutita L. and Chamaemelum nobile L.

Abstract Background: Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile) belong to the botanical family Asteraceae. These two herbs are not only morphologically distinguishable, but their secondary metabolites – especially the essential oils present in flowers are also different, especially the terpenoids. The aim of this project was to preliminarily identify regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathways that differ between German and Roman chamomile by performing comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results: We determined the content of essential oils in disk florets and ray florets in these two chamomile species, and found that the terpenoid content in flowers of German chamomile is greater than that of Roman chamomile. In addition, a comparative RNA-seq analysis of German and Roman chamomile showed that 54% of genes shared &gt;75% sequence identity between the two species. In particular, more highly expressed DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and TF (transcription factor) genes, different regulation of CYPs (cytochrome P450 enzymes), and rapid evolution of downstream genes in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway of German chamomile could be the main reasons to explain the differences in the types and levels of terpenoid compounds in these two species. In addition, a phylogenetic tree constructed from single copy genes showed that German chamomile and Roman chamomile are closely related to Chrysanthemum nankingense . Conclusion: This work provides the first insights into terpenoid biosynthesis in two species of chamomile. The candidate unigenes related to terpenoid biosynthesis will be important in molecular breeding approaches to modulate the essential oil composition of Matricaria recutita and Chamaemelum nobile .

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Saving the Subject: Modernity and the Problem of the Autonomous Individual

Abstract While the announcement that Minerva's owl is about to depart may be premature, one is increasingly struck by the feeling of living in the closing of an epoch. The project of modernity, as Habermas has called it; has played itself out to the point where its essential logic is coming into relief. This accounts for the recent spate of publications on modernity in general, and cultural modernism in particular. Cultural modernism is stimulated further by the lack of a meaningful “adversary culture.” Indeed, today it is difficult to envision just what such a culture would look like. Nothing has emerged to fill the vacuum created by the decline of the New Left and the counter-culture — whatever their shortcomings.

Topic: Critical Theory and Philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences