jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Survival and Causes of Death After Stroke

Background and Purpose — As part of the Danish contribution to the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Project, a register of patients with stroke was established in 1982. The purpose of the present study was to analyze long-term survival and causes of death after a first stroke and to compare them with those of the background population. Methods — The study population comprised all subjects aged 25 years or older who were resident in a geographically defined region in Copenhagen County. All stroke events in the study population during 1982–1991 were ascertained and validated according to standardized criteria outlined for the WHO MONICA Project. After completion of the stroke registry at the end of 1991, all patients were followed up by record linkage to official registries. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for various causes of death and periods after the stroke. Results — The estimated cumulative risks for death at 28 days, 1 year, and 5 years after onset were 28%, 41%, and 60%, respectively. Compared with the general population, nonfatal stroke was associated with an almost 5-fold increase in risk for death between 4 weeks and 1 year after a first stroke and a 2-fold increase in the risk for death subsequent to 1 year. The excess mortality rate in stroke patients was due mainly to cardiovascular diseases but also to cancer, other diseases, accidents, and suicide. The probability for long-term survival improved significantly during the observation period for patients with ischemic or ill-defined stroke. Conclusions — Stroke is a medical emergency associated with a very high risk for death in the acute and subacute phases and with a continuous excess risk of death. Better prevention and management of strokes may improve the long-term survival rate.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neuroscience, Self, and Jesus Christ

Abstract Oliver Davies offers, first, a schematic overview of three major historical periods, with a view to illustrating how developments in science and technology influenced the development of the rationality of theology. For theological anthropology and Christology, a highly significant shift is located in the understanding of the relationships between mind and body and between self and world. More specifically, this chapter focuses on the elements of the human (ethical/Christian) act, in dialogue with recent neuroscientific insights into how our cognition of other persons works. Cognition of the other—and the eventual act that is chosen in this encounter—is a matter of thoroughly embodied processes. Davies in his rich, multilayered analysis offers a new understanding of the human self as much more complex, interdependent, and vulnerable than modern philosophy and theology were able to acknowledge. This renewed, scientifically informed anthropology is an opportunity to retrieve natural law (as an embodied form of universality), the imago Dei, and the transforming power of Christ and the Spirit at work in Church and society.

Topic: Theology and Philosophy of Evil
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Management Of Aspergillus Leaf Spot Diseases on Terminalia Catappa In Sokoto, Nigeria

Research on the diseased leaves of Terminalia catappa (tropical almond) was conducted in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Permanent site, Wammako local government, Sokoto. The locations where the diseased leaves were collected, purposively selected because of the abundance of the tree species in those locations. The objective was to identify fungal foliar diseases associated with Terminalia catappa and then develop control measures of the pathogen. Diseased leaves were collected and taken to the department of biological sciences, Mycology laboratory, Botany unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University for identification. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ustus and, Aspergillus flavus were the fungal pathogens identified and suspected to be the cause of the foliar diseases on the tree species. Suncozeb, a broad-spectrum fungicide was obtained for the management of these diseases. The chemical was applied at different concentration rates (50%, 100% and, 150%) and the zones of inhibitions were observed and measured. It was observed that the higher the concentration the higher the zones of inhibition; this was the case for all the organisms identified. Past research showed that high temperature makes this species prone to soil-borne pathogens and this is the case with the study area of this research. As part of the recommendation, since it was observed that 150% of Suncozeb clearly inhibited the growth of the pathogen to a certain level, a higher concentration of this same chemical will increase the inhibition zone and possibly bring a complete stoppage of the pathogen spread.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Near source observation of small initial phase generated by earthquakes in a deep gold mine in South Africa

A near source observation of mining induced earthquakes was conducted at 2.6 km beneath the ground in a deep gold mine in South Africa. About 20,000 events with hypocenter distances shorter than 200 m were recorded by using a high sampling rate and wide dynamic range observation system. Small phases preceding the large amplitude P-onsets were found in the seismograms for the 6 largest events whose seismic moments ranged from 5.0 × 1010 to 1.4 × 1011Nm. Duration of the small initial phase found in the present study is comparable with those reported previously for natural earthquakes with comparable seismic moment that were recorded at 7 to 11 km from their hypocenters. On the other hand, the waveform of the small initial phase is much complicated and rather resembles those of the moderate to large earthquakes.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
MITIGATING YOUTH RADICALIZATION AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE

Today, the problems of violent extremism and radicalization in Türkiye and its neighbouring geography need to be addressed in the context of rapid political and social changes and transformations. On the other hand, Türkiye, which has been the target of radicalism-induced violence and terrorism for many years and has lost many of its citizens and paid a high price for it, needs evidence-based and reliable information that will serve as the basis for developing policies and strategies to combat violent extremism, radicalization and terrorism. This study, which aims to contribute to the limited national literature on violent extremism and radicalization, focuses on radicalization trends among young people and examines the preventive measures taken by public institutions against violent extremism and radicalization and other related studies. Within the scope of the research, focus group interviews were conducted with experts working in public institutions in Turkey that directly work with young people. The interviews were used to explore awareness, knowledge, experience and institutional memory of radicalization in public institutions. The results of the interviews and data from the literature review were analysed and evaluated. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of the study will contribute to policy and strategy development studies of relevant institutions and organizations.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Systematic Review of UK Educational and Training Materials Aimed at Health and Social Care Staff about Providing Appropriate Services for LGBT+ People

Background: There is greater dissatisfaction with health services by LGBT people compared to heterosexual and cisgender people and some of this is from lack of equality and diversity training for health professionals. Core training standards in sexual orientation for health professionals have been available since 2006. The purpose of this project is to systematically review educational materials for health and social care professionals in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues. Methods: A protocol was developed and searches conducted in six databases. Selection criteria: any studies reporting delivery or evaluation of UK education of health and/or social care professionals in LGBT issues, with no language or setting restrictions. Inclusions and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Narrative synthesis of educational evaluations was used. Educational materials were assessed using thematic synthesis. Results: From the searches, 165 full papers were evaluated and 19 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Three were successful action-research projects in cancer services and in residential care. Sixteen sets of educational/training materials have been available since 2010. These varied in length, scope, target audience, and extent of development as classroom-ready materials. Conclusions: Despite the availability of appropriate training programmes for post-qualifying staff, recommendations to undertake training, best practice examples, and statements of good intent, LGBT people continue to report that they are experiencing discrimination or direct prejudice from health and/or social care services. Better training strategies using behaviour change techniques are needed.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Atmospheric consequences of trade and human development: A case of BRIC countries

This paper looks into the causal association between economic growth, CO2 emission, trade volume, and human development indicator for Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC countries) during 1980-2013. Following a generalized method of moments (GMM) technique, we have found out that bidirectional causality exists between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Feedback hypothesis is supported between CO2 emissions and human development, trade volume and human development, economic growth, and human development, and CO2 emissions and trade volume. Apart from finding out the unidirectional association from trade volume to economic growth, this study also validated the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve. Empirical findings of the study substantiate that the policymakers of the BRIC nations must focus on the green energy initiatives, either by in-house development or by technology transfer. This movement will allow them to control the ambient air pollutions prevalent in these nations.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Key Role of Chalcogenurane Intermediates in the Reduction Mechanism of Sulfoxides and Selenoxides by Thiols Explored In Silico

Sulfoxides and selenoxides oxidize thiols to disulfides while being reduced back to sulfides and selenides. While the reduction mechanism of sulfoxides to sulfides has been thoroughly explored experimentally as well as computationally, less attention has been devoted to the heavier selenoxides. In this work, we explore the reductive mechanism of dimethyl selenoxide, as an archetypal selenoxide and, for the sake of comparison, the reductive mechanism of dimethyl sulfoxide to gain insight into the role of the chalcogen on the reaction substrate. Particular attention is devoted to the key role of sulfurane and selenurane intermediates. Moreover, the capacity of these system to oxidize selenols rather than thiols, leading to the formation of selenyl sulfide bridges, is explored in silico. Notably, this analysis provides molecular insight into the role of selenocysteine in methionine sulfoxide reductase selenoenzyme. The activation strain model of chemical reactivity is employed in the studied reactions as an intuitive tool to bridge the computationally predicted effect of the chalcogen on the chalcogenoxide as well as on the chalcogenol.

Topic: Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
MEMECAH DORMANSI RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB) MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN ATONIK DAN STIMULASI PERAKARAN DENGAN APLIKASI AUKSIN

Temulawak is a plant propagated vegetatively with rhizomes. Its rhizome undergoes a dormancy phase in dry season and this phase will break up in wet season. The objective of this study is to know the dormancy breaking by soaking the temulawak rhizome in stimulating biology liquid (0, 2, 4, 6 ml/l) and commercial auxin liquid (0, 10, 20, mg/l). The result showed that both liquid could stimulate the dormancy breaking. However those treatments were not different with control (biology liquid 0 g/l and commercial auxin 0 mg/l ). The number of shooting rhizomes, total shoots, rooted rhizomes and total roots in all treatment were not significantly different from the control.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
METHODS FOR QUANTIFYING ANTITRUST DAMAGES: THE PASTA CARTEL IN ITALY

This article contributes to the ongoing debate on the quantification of the damages caused by anticompetitive conduct by applying a number of empirical methods to the pasta cartel in Italy, which was discovered by the Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (Italian Competition Authority, or AGCM) in 2007. These methods include the dummy variable approach, the dynamic treatment effects (DTE) method, and the so-called straight-line methods. The key results show that both the dummy variable and the DTE methods perform better than the straight-line methods. Moreover, the last should not be used when the underlying cost and demand drivers over the cartel period are substantially different from those prevailing before or after. The dummy variable approach and the DTE method provide very similar estimates of the cartel overcharge, though there is no reason to expect that this would always be the case. Finally, this article contributes to the ongoing debate on “optimal fines” and on the societal benefits of having a proper antitrust enforcement by showing that that the fines levied by the AGCM in this particular case were below “optimal” levels, and that the benefits from this intervention of the AGCM are roughly seven times its annual budget.

Topic: Merger and Competition Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Kabul Music Diary

Ethnomusicologist John Baily returns to Kabul to see what is happening in the world of music one year after the defeat of the Taliban. The film documents a variety of musical activities, including performances of rubab lute music by Kabul's traditional musicians, songs of Afghan orphans,the Music Department of Kabul University and a student pop group playing electric guitars and keyboard. Implicitly, the film identifies some of the dilemmas facing those seeking to help Afghans rebuild their music culture.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Benzoxazole Derivatives Targeting mTOR: A Promising Approach for Breast Cancer Therapy

Abstract Clinical use of mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment is well established due to the critical role of mTOR signaling in tumor progression. In this study, we report the structure‐based design and biological evaluation of a series of benzoxazole derivatives as potential mTOR inhibitors. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assays showed that compounds B4, B11, B12, and B20 exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values between 4.96 and 9.82 µM. Colorimetric enzymatic assays further revealed that among these, only B12 and B20 effectively inhibited mTOR phosphorylation at Ser2448 in MCF‐7 cells. Additionally, both compounds modulated the expression of key apoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspase‐3, p53, and Bcl2. Molecular docking studies against the 4JT5 protein demonstrated binding affinities with docking scores ranging from −7.084 to −7.426 kcal/mol, comparable to the reference compound P2X (−7.309 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations over 150 ns confirmed the stability of B12 and B20 in the active site, with an average RMSD of 2.8 Å and 3.0 Å, respectively. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in silico. Among them, B4, B11, B12, and B20 exhibited drug‐like characteristics and showed no undesirable toxic effects. These findings highlight the potential of B12 and B20 as lead compounds for the development of novel mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer therapy.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Characteristics and Changing Patterns of Bronze Culture during Early Shang Dynasty

商代前期是青铜文化的勃兴期，该阶段的铜器墓以郑州商城和盘龙城数量为最多。郑州对各地的青铜文化产生了极其重要的影响，但目前对分布在其周边地区铜器的系统研究还比较缺乏。其中盘龙城深受中原郑州二里岗文化影响并表现出与郑州高度的一致性已为研究者所共知，而长江流域是否曾带给中原影响则较少为人注意。 长江中游盘龙城青铜器是商代前期青铜文化的重要组成部分，是这一阶段礼仪制度和政治制度的集中体现，也是该时期社会生产力发展水平的重要标志。 本文在对以往成果详细梳理的基础上，对盘龙城商代前期铜器进行年代排序，并判断各期相对年代。根据铜器风格的演变规律，将盘龙城铜器的发展历程分为三期。 通过对盘龙城和郑州青铜礼器的对比发现，本文所说的第一、二期墓葬中随葬的铜器与郑州同类器没有明显差别。但第三期(指郑州白庄期至殷墟一期早段)铜器风格上出现了异于郑州的现象，例如新出现了管状流爵、扁足鼎、扁足斝、罍(尊)和扉棱装饰，以及槽状流爵和罍(尊)的足部比例发生了改变——这些变化体现了南方土著因素和中原郑州因素的共同影响。 总的来看，商代前期青铜礼器最初是以郑州为发展中心，之后逐渐向外传播。盘龙城深受中原影响，此后在土著化过程中发展出自身的特点，其中部分因素反向影响中原。 本文试图对长江中游地区的盘龙城和中原郑州二里岗商代前期铜器文化的相互关系进行再解释，重新考察两地区青铜文化发展和变化面貌，或将有利于探明商代前期青铜文化发展过程。

Topic: Cultural and Historical Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Modified Positive Output Super-Lift Luo DC-DC Converter with Improved Voltage Boost Ability

An improved topology of the positive output super-lift Luo converter is proposed. The continuity of the input current waveform in the original topology is maintained while the voltage boost ability has been improved. Indeed, the voltage-lift technique has been applied twice, which leads to a voltage gain ratio higher than of the original super-lift topology. Some comparisons were made that indicated the topology is of great benefit, where a high voltage gain is required within the duty cycles lower than 50 percent, i.e. the proposed topology outperforms the quadratic boost converter both in voltage gain and efficiency, albeit within the specified operating range. The claims and calculations have been validated through experimental results.

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Telemetry Technology for Preclinical Drug Discovery and Development

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview In Vivo Physiological Parameter Monitoring before Telemetry Technology Principles and Components of the Telemetry System Telemetry Technology in Preclinical Drug Safety Profiling and Assessment Practical Approaches in Telemetry Data Collection and Assessment Future Applications of Telemetry Systems in Drug Discovery and Development Conclusion References

Topic: 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An intralaboratory comparative study of hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques for determining organic and inorganic arsenic in complex wastewaters

Abstract A detailed intralaboratory comparison of the determination of arsenic in complex wastewater samples by hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques has been conducted. Two hydride generation techniques were employed. One consisted of the use of sodium borohydride pellets and argon to sweep the arsine into a hydrogen flame. In the second, arsine was produced from a sodium borohydride solution and swept into an air‐acetylene heated quartz tube. The hydride generation techniques yielded consistent, reliable data for highly complex wastewater matrices only when arsine generation was preceded by a closed acid digestion procedure. Complete recovery of arsenic (99%) was achieved using the graphite furnace technique and was found to be independent of the complexity of the waste‐water matrix and of the organic form of arsenic present. However, complete recovery using hydride generation was obtained from inorganic arsenic and moderately clean waters. Hydride generation‐atomic absorption recovery data for organic arsenic for the entire spectrum for wastewater matrices investigated ranged from 62–1181 with a mean value of 89%. While hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques were comparable with regard to sensitivity, reproducibility and relative detection limits, the latter was somewhat superior in terms of accuracy and the need for sample pretreatment. Both types of techniques are suitable for routine analysis, but initial capital outlay for the graphite furnace technique is approximately 35% higher than for the hydride generation techniques.

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ohio Canal Era: A Case Study of Government and the Economy, 1820–1861. By <i>Harry N. Scheiber</i>. (Athens: Ohio University Press. 1969. Pp. xviii, 430. $10.00.)

Journal Article Ohio Canal Era: A Case Study of Government and the Economy, 1820–1861. By Harry N. Scheiber. (Athens: Ohio University Press. 1969. Pp. xviii, 430. $10.00.) Get access Ohio Canal Era: A Case Study of Government and the Economy, 1820–1861. By Scheiber Harry N.. (Athens: Ohio University Press. 1969. Pp. xviii, 430. $10.00.) Ronald E. Shaw Ronald E. Shaw Miami University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 75, Issue 4, April 1970, Pages 1184–1185, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/75.4.1184-a Published: 01 April 1970

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Electronic-grade epitaxial (111) KTaO <sub>3</sub> heterostructures

KTaO 3 heterostructures have recently attracted attention as model systems to study the interplay of quantum paraelectricity, spin-orbit coupling, and superconductivity. However, the high and low vapor pressures of potassium and tantalum present processing challenges to creating heterostructure interfaces clean enough to reveal the intrinsic quantum properties. Here, we report superconducting heterostructures based on high-quality epitaxial (111) KTaO 3 thin films using an adsorption-controlled hybrid PLD to overcome the vapor pressure mismatch. Electrical and structural characterizations reveal that the higher-quality heterostructure interface between amorphous LaAlO 3 and KTaO 3 thin films supports a two-dimensional electron gas with substantially higher electron mobility, superconducting transition temperature, and critical current density than that in bulk single-crystal KTaO 3 -based heterostructures. Our hybrid approach may enable epitaxial growth of other alkali metal–based oxides that lie beyond the capabilities of conventional methods.

Topic: Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences