jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly application of vermiwash obtained from different types of waste with neem seed kernel extract against papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink

<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>—</strong> Excessive agro-chemical usage has created a serious threat to the environment and human health. On the other hand, inappropriate bio solid waste management has given rise to social and environmental issues. Vermicomposting can be one of the solutions for both problems. Vermiwash is a product from vermicomposting which is generally used as a foliar fertiliser. Besides, it can also be used as a mild biopesticide in organic farming. In this study, three different substrates (cow dung, goat manure and vegetable waste) were used to produce vermiwash. Neem seed kernel (NSK) extract was combined with the vermiwash obtained from the different substrates to treat papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) and its predators on Carica papaya. 40% vermiwash and 10% NSK extract were used for the field study. The foliar application of vermiwash (cow dung) + NSK extract (1:1), vermiwash (goat manure) + NSK extract (1:1), vermiwash (vegetable waste) + NSK extract (1:1), vermiwash (cow dung), vermiwash (goat manure), vermiwash (vegetable waste) and control treatment resulted 75.72%, 67.19%, 57.62%, 45.00 %, 40.90%, 33.78% and 00.00% of papaya mealybug population reduction respectively. The combination of vermiwash obtained from cow dung and neem seed kernel extract (1:1) showed a higher performance in suppressing papaya mealybug population in field condition. There was no remarkable population reduction of the mealy bug predators after the application.

Topic: Humic Substances and Bio-Organic Studies
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Room Temperature Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Laser with Synthesized Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

Lasing with a narrow linewidth is achieved from large area monolayer tungsten disulfide film synthesized by chemical vapor deposition after integrating onto silicon nitride heterostructure photonic crystal cavities.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Finite Element Modeling with Abaqus and Python for Thermal and Stress Analysis

The goal of the present textbook is to introduce the basics of the finite element analysis for thermal<br> and deformation problems that can be analyzed with linear models.<br> In this book we focus on the following aspects of which we believe the user of finite element<br> analysis must have a basic understanding:<br> 1. Understanding of the mathematical models: what are the underlying assumptions, how is the<br> model properly defined, what are the solutions of elementary models.<br> 2. How is the finite element model related to the mathematical model: what is the effect of the<br> conversion of the continuous mathematical model to the discrete finite element model, what is<br> the accuracy, how to control the accuracy.<br> 3. How to use results from finite element modeling: interpretation of results, estimation of errors,<br> verification and validation, proper formulation of reports.<br> In this respect the present textbook differs from the current popular engineering textbooks on finite<br> elements. The mathematics is also presented as simply as possible, so that the present textbook is<br> also quite different from state of the art the mathematical treatments of the finite element method.

Topic: Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of <i>Hydrodictyon reticulatum</i> as protein source in feeds for <i>Oreochromis (Tilapia) niloticus</i> and <i>Tilapia zillii</i>

The green filamentous alga Hydrodictyon reticulatum was evaluated as a protein source in fish‐meal substituted diets for Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii fingerlings. The fingerlings were fed in duplicate groups each of six different diets for 50 days. Five of the diets contained 30% crude protein supplied by varying proportions of fish meal and H. reticulatum meal. The five diets were formulated to supply fishmeal protein: H. reticulatum meal protein ratios of 30:0 (diet 1), 15:5 (diet 2), 20:10 (diet 3); 15:15 (diet 4), 10:20 (diet 5) respectively. A sixth diet containing only 25% crude protein supplied entirely by H. reticulatum meal was also fed. The best growth and protein utilization was obtained at lower levels of H. reticulatum substitution for both species of fish. Carcass analysis revealed a decrease in lipid contents of the fishes with increasing levels of the alga in the diet.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quick Job Entry or Long-Term Human Capital Development? The Dynamic Effects of Alternative Training Schemes

This article investigates how precisely short-term, job search-oriented training programs as opposed to long-term, human capital intensive training programs work. We evaluate and compare their effects on time until job entry, stability of employment, and earnings. Further, we examine the heterogeneity of treatment effects according to the timing of training during unemployment as well as across different subgroups of participants. We find that participating in short-term training reduces the remaining time in unemployment and moderately increases job stability. Long-term training programs initially prolong the remaining time in unemployment, but once the scheduled program end is reached participants exit to employment at a much faster rate than without training. In addition, they benefit from substantially more stable employment spells and higher earnings. Overall, long-term training programs are well effective in supporting the occupational advancement of very heterogeneous groups of participants, including those with generally weak labor market prospects. However, from a fiscal perspective only the low-cost short-term training schemes are cost efficient in the short run. Copyright , Oxford University Press.

Topic: Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Benthic Foraminifers from the Japan Sea: Leg 128

Five holes were drilled at two sites in the Sea of Japan during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 128.Site 798 is located on Oki Ridge at a depth of about 900 m.Sediment age at Site 798 ranges from Pliocene to Holocene.Site 799 is located in the Kita-Yamato Trough at depth of 2000 m and below the present calcite compensation depth (CCD); the sediment ranges from Miocene to Holocene in age.Samples from all holes contain benthic foraminifers.Faunal evidence of downslope displacement is frequent in Holes 799A and 799B.The vertical frequency distribution of some dominant species shows that significant faunal changes occur in Holes 798A-C on Oki Ridge.Based on the faunal change and the thickness of sediments, it appears that the Oki Ridge was uplifted more than 1,000 m during last 4 m.y.Benthic foraminifers also demonstrate that the water depth of Site 799 rapidly changed from upper bathyal to lower bathyal during middle Miocene time.The appearance of benthic foraminifer species common to anaerobic environments suggests that the dysaerobic to anaerobic bottom conditions existed during the evolution of the Sea of Japan.Faunal distributions also suggest that the 'Tertiary-type" species recognized in the Neogene strata of the Japan Sea coastal regions disappeared sequentially from the Sea of Japan during Pliocene to late Pleistocene.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
sj-pdf-1-opp-10.1177_1078155220957726 - Supplemental material for Exemestane induced cholestatic liver injury – A case report

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-opp-10.1177_1078155220957726 for Exemestane induced cholestatic liver injury – A case report by Dane Fritzsche, Amy Indorf, Abby Miske and Kalyan Banda in Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Effectiveness of Topical Treatment of Steroid and Calcineurin Inhibitor Combination Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis in Children at Skopje Hospital, Macedonia

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often occurs in children. Topical treatments, including steroids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), are the main line of AD therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical treatment of combination steroid and CNI therapy for AD in children at Skopje Hospital, Macedonia. Methods: This research was a retrospective study involving 60 children with AD who were treated with combination therapy of steroids and CNIs for 8 weeks. Clinical data, including SCORAD (Severity of Atopic Dermatitis) score and extent of eczema, were collected before and after treatment. Results: Steroid and CNI combination therapy showed significant improvement in SCORAD score (p&lt;0.001) and eczema extent (p&lt;0.001) after 8 weeks of treatment. Reported side effects are minimal. Conclusion: Combination therapy of steroids and CNIs is an effective and safe treatment for AD in children.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Profitability of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities from the Perspective of Corporate Social Managers

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to determine the intensity of CSR activities undertaken by enterprises in Poland and to assess their profitability in terms of stakeholder groups. Design/Methodology/Approach: Questionnaire surveys were conducted on a representative group (by size and sectors of the economy) of 722 large and medium-sized enterprises in Poland in 2019. Respondents were CSR managers, among which three groups of people were identified for whom managing CSR is the only responsibility, is one of the basic responsibilities, CSR activities are one of the many responsibilities. The research hypotheses set out in the article regarding the intensity and profitability of CSR activities directed at individual stakeholders, as well as the complementarity of these activities and the characteristics of the respondents that differentiate their responses, were verified using arithmetic means, Pearson correlation coefficients and Chi-squared test. Findings: Research results indicate that enterprises direct CSR activities to primary stakeholders in the first place. Also, the profitability of CSR activities is usually higher valued in the case of primary stakeholders, while activities directed to the local community and the natural environment received higher ratings than activities directed at public authorities and capital providers. Respondents treat CSR activities directed at all stakeholders as complementary. The respondents' strongest opinions about the orientation of CSR activities and their profitability differentiate the workplace next is sector of the economy and the size of the enterprise has the least difference in assessment. Practical Implications: The results obtained encourage corrections of strategic directions of CSR activities, in the form of an increase in the importance (intensity) of CSR activities directed to local communities and the natural environment. Originality/Value: The research presented is so innovative that CSR managers were selected as the group of respondents. Assuming that the directions (intensity) of CSR activities are adopted (imposed) at the strategic level, the profitability of these activities determined at the operational level verifies the correctness of their orientation.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Detecting the Rise and Fall of 21 cm Fluctuations with the Murchison Widefield Array

We forecast the sensitivity with which the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) can measure the 21 cm power spectrum of cosmic hydrogen, using radiative transfer simulations to model reionization and the 21 cm signal. The MWA is sensitive to roughly a decade in scale (wavenumbers of k ~ 0.1 - 1 h Mpc^{-1}), with foreground contamination precluding measurements on larger scales, and thermal detector noise limiting the small scale sensitivity. This amounts primarily to constraints on two numbers: the amplitude and slope of the 21 cm power spectrum on the scales probed. We find, however, that the redshift evolution in these quantities can yield important information about reionization. Although the power spectrum differs substantially across plausible models, a generic prediction is that the amplitude of the 21 cm power spectrum on MWA scales peaks near the epoch when the intergalactic medium (IGM) is ~ 50% ionized. Moreover, the slope of the 21 cm power spectrum on MWA scales flattens as the ionization fraction increases and the sizes of the HII regions grow. Considering detection sensitivity, we show that the optimal MWA antenna configuration for power spectrum measurements would pack all 500 antenna tiles as close as possible in a compact core. The MWA is sensitive enough in its optimal configuration to measure redshift evolution in the slope and amplitude of the 21 cm power spectrum. Detecting the characteristic redshift evolution of our models will confirm that observed 21 cm fluctuations originate from the IGM, and not from foregrounds, and provide an indirect constraint on the volume-filling factor of HII regions during reionization. After two years of observations under favorable conditions, the MWA can constrain the filling factor at an epoch when ~ 0.5 to within roughly +/- 0.1 at 2-sigma.

Topic: Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Non-invasive risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: don't throw out the baby with the bathwater

Although historical accounts consistent with sudden cardiac death (SCD) date back to ancient times, only in the past quarter of a century has prevention of these events become possible. Growing understanding of underlying disease states, development of effective anti-arrhythmic therapy, and the advent of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have all contributed to realization of this goal. Nevertheless, prophylactic ICD placement in the inherited cardiovascular disease population to some extent represents a double-edged sword. On the one hand, averting SCD in individuals without debilitating symptoms or co-morbidities may yield an exceptional number of quality-adjusted life years. Conversely, the present knowledge gap regarding the consequences of extended device therapy is of particular relevance in young patients in whom the aim is to achieve normal life expectancy. Increasing awareness that ICDs are not a trouble-free panacea for all patients with SCD syndromes1,2 has underscored the importance of reliable risk prediction.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 500 in the adult population. Morbidity may result from diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischaemia, systemic thromboembolism, mitral regurgitation, and left ventricular systolic impairment. In community-based cohorts, the annual mortality from HCM may be ≤1%, implying a stable clinical course in the majority.3 Nevertheless, most of the deaths that do occur are sudden and arrhythmic, with myocyte disarray and fibrosis serving as the substrate, while purported precipitants include myocardial ischaemia, LVOTO, abnormal vascular responses, conduction disease, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia with accessory pathway conduction, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT).4

The risk predictors hitherto identified in HCM ( Table 1 ) each correspond to one or more of these factors, although their interplay in any instance of SCD is undoubtedly complex. A family history of premature SCD … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 2075738841, Fax: +44 2075738859, Email: william.mckenna{at}uclh.org

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
RORC2 gene silencing in human Th17 cells by siRNA: design and evaluation of highly efficient siRNA.

The more bioinformatics criteria are considered, the more functionality were observed for silencing RORC2. However, the importance of the type of criteria per se should not be neglected. Although all recommended criteria are important for designing siRNA but their value is not the same.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Photoelectric Conversion with the Dye Multilayer on a Semiconductor Electrode

Abstract Photoelectric conversion with the dye-containing multilayers on an Sb-doped SnO2 optically transparent semiconductor electrode was studied, using 2,8-bis(dimethylamino)-10-dodecyl-acridinium bromide (BDA) and dioctadecylthiacarbocyanine iodide (DTC). A remarkable enhancement of the photocurrent was observed as a result of the efficient energy transfer from BDA to DTC.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Carbohydrate Amount, Quality and Type on Arterial Pulse Pressure in Cuban-Americans with and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Arterial pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, has been used as an indicator (surrogate measure) of arterial stiffness. High arterial pulse pressure (&gt; 40) has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality. Several clinical trials have reported that the proportion of calories from carbohydrate has an effect on blood pressure. The primary objective of this study was to assess arterial pulse pressure and its association with carbohydrate quantity and quality (glycemic load) with diabetes status for a Cuban American population.\nMethods: A single point analysis included 367 participants. There was complete data for 365 (190 with and 175 without type 2 diabetes). The study was conducted in the investigator’s laboratory located in Miami, Florida. Demographic, dietary, anthropometric and laboratory data were collected. Arterial pulse pressure was calculated by the formula systolic minus the diastolic blood pressure. Glycemic load, fructose, sucrose, percent of average daily calories from carbohydrate, fat and protein, grams of fiber and micronutrient intakes were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire.\nResults: The mean arterial pulse pressure was significantly higher in participants with (52.9 ± 12.4) than without (48.6 ± 13.4) type 2 diabetes. The odds of persons with diabetes having high arterial pulse pressure (&gt;40) was 1.85 (95% CI =1.09, 3.13); p=0.023. For persons with type 2 diabetes higher glycemic load was associated with lower arterial pulse pressure.\n Conclusions: Arterial pulse pressure and diet are modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Arterial pulse pressure may be associated with carbohydrate intake differently considering diabetes status. Results may be due to individuals with diabetes following dietary recommendations. The findings of this study suggest clinicians take into consideration how medical condition, ethnicity and diet are associated with arterial pulse pressure before developing a medical nutrition therapy plan in collaboration with the client.

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and fabrication of InAs/GaAs QD based intermediate band solar cells by quantum engineering

The efficiency of a solar cell can be substantially increased by opening new energy gaps within the semiconductor band gap. This creates additional optical absorption pathways which can be fully exploited under concentrated sunlight. Here we report a new approach to opening a sizeable energy gap in a single junction GaAs solar cell using an array of small InAs QDs that leads directly to high device open circuit voltage. High resolution imaging of individual QDs provides experimentally obtained dimensions to a quantum mechanical model which can be used to design an optimised QD array. This is then implemented by precisely engineering the shape and size of the QDs resulting in a total area (active area) efficiency of 18.3% (19.7%) at 5 suns concentration. The work demonstrates that only the inclusion of an appropriately designed QD array in a solar cell has the potential to result in ultra-high efficiency under concentration.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Copper-Crop Relationships in Maize Cropping System as Influenced by Coal Application and Magnetization of Cu-Contaminated Irrigation Water

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient that both deficient and excess concentration of this element can cause damages to plants. A greenhouse trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of brown coal application and magnetization of Cu-contaminated irrigation water on dry matter yield and Cu distribution in maize tissues. The greenhouse pot experiment was a factorial trial arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results obtained showed that water contaminated with Cu-sulfate or nitrate significantly increased mean shoot dry matter by 1.27 and 1.21 times, as compared to that of control (distilled water). Magnetized water (MW) increased Cu concentration in plant tissues, decreased yield biomass, translocation factor (TF), translocation efficiency (TE) and caused illusive increase in phytoextraction efficiency (PE) of Cu-sulfate. Brown coal had no significant effects on shoot Cu concentration but significantly decreased root Cu concentration. As well as it increased TF; due to the decreases of root Cu concentration, and not to the increases of shoot Cu concentration. According to the results, gradual application of Cu via irrigation of maize with Cu contaminated water resulted in an increase in maize biomass. However, magnetization not only did not improve maize growth but also had a detrimental effect on growth parameters.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enceladus: An Active Iceball in Space

At about 6:00 PM on a Friday afternoon in January 2005, I was sitting in the waning light of my JPL office and daydreaming about my activities for the weekend. I was startled by the sudden sharp ring of the phone, which I answered promptly – all the travel audit people and administrators wanting a favor done would have left. On the other end was Trina Ray (see Figure 6.1), a crack Cassini science planning engineer who was in charge of leading the plans for Cassini's close flybys of Titan. She was sitting in the office of Brian Paczkowski, another fabled JPL engineer who led the science planning office, and they were poring over an image of Enceladus, a small icy moon of Enceladus, that had been taken in November 2004.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences