jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 11 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Sesamum radiatum", "Country is Malaysia", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 11 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007610-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tipifarnib in hematologic malignancies

I. Rationale for using Tipifarnib in hematologic malignancies Signal transduction pathways regulate the cell processes of growth differentiation and survival. Aberrations in signal transduction pathways can lead to increased cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, increased angiogenesis, tissue invasion and metastasis. Most human neoplasias have aberrant signal transduction elements. Therefore signal transduction inhibitors represent a new class of compounds potentially active in cancer treatment. These agents target proteins or pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of malignancies.

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
�Breathless Zeal and Careless Confidence�: German Propaganda in World War I (1914-1918)

This study examines the building and rethinking of German propaganda institutions during World War I. The goal of this dissertation is to illustrate the evolution of German government ideas on propaganda between 1914-1918.During the war, German military leaders, politicians, and diplomats had ambitions to change, reform and modernize approaches to media governance. They were losing the battle of ideas, they realized early on. And so German officials were desperate to make propaganda fit into the structure of government; they tried to use new media technologies to be more persuasive. Although there was an abundance of ideas, all of their approaches for better publicity and censorship failed. The root causes were Germany’s political structure, the lack of organization, and their messages, which were tone-deaf and not persuasive. In their struggle to adjust their propaganda efforts, however, the Germans were slowly learning from their mistakes. By 1918, they had drawn their own conclusions of what went wrong. Germany’s propaganda experience in the First World War is exemplary of how governments learned, over time, through countless blunders, and by modeling after their enemies, the lessons of fighting a modern propaganda war. Building on original research at political and military archives in Germany and the United States (German Federal Archives; Political Archive of the Foreign Office; Prussian Privy State Archives, Hoover Institution Library and Archives; and U.S. National Archives), the results of this study show why the ideas of German propagandists could not win the war.

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF FEMORAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN A PATIENT WITH CERVICAL MYELOPATHY, AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION, AND DIFFICULT AIRWAY.

Spinal stenosis is a potentially serious condition that can lead to myelopathies and autonomic instability, both of which, as a result, may complicate anesthetic management. Additionally, neuraxial anesthesia appears to increase the risk of worsened neurological outcomes in this population. A 56-year-old female with spinal stenosis, autonomic dysfunction, and known difficult airway who required anesthesia for repair of a femur fracture is presented. After pre-operative arterial line and femoral block placement, an ultrasound guided subarachnoid block was safely placed. This supports the notion that in the appropriate setting, a safe, successful neuraxial blockade can be performed when a general anesthetic may be fraught with more risk.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Modified Bridge Switch-Type Flux-Coupling Nonsuperconducting Fault Current Limiter for Suppression of Fault Transients

This paper proposes a modified bridge switch-type flux-coupling nonsuperconducting fault current limiter (BSFC-NSFCL) for suppressing the fault current and voltage sag. A flux-coupling reactor and a bidirectional bridge switch are combined to perform the functions of steady-state line current sharing and fault current suppression. The modified BSFC-NSFCL mainly utilizes the magnetic flux cancellation effect to make the limiter behave as a short circuit on the circuit during normal operation. Hence, there is almost no impact on the power system when the limiter is used. When a fault event occurs, the bridge switch turns off immediately, and then, the magnetic flux cancellation effect disappears. Thus, the impedance of primary coil inserts into the circuit to restrict the fault current and voltage sag phenomena. Once the fault is removed, the bridge switch turns on again, and the BSFC-NSFCL recovers to the normal operation. The modified NSFCL is more cost-effective and easy to be implemented than the flux-coupling superconducting fault current limiter. Theoretical analysis for the BSFC-NSFCL has been fully developed and proven by MATLAB software. Finally, the analytical, simulated, and experimental results have been carried out to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed BSFC-NSFCL.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
BEST1 in a calcium-bound inactivated state

Bestrophin (BEST1-4) ligand-gated chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>) channels are activated by calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>). Mutation of BEST1 causes retinal disease. Partly because bestrophin channels have no sequence or structural similarity to other ion channels, the molecular mechanisms underlying gating are unknown. Here, we present a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of chicken BEST1, determined at 3.1 Å resolution or better, that represent the channel's principal gating states. Unlike other channels, opening of the pore is due to the repositioning of tethered pore-lining helices within a surrounding protein shell that dramatically widens a neck of the pore through a concertina of amino acid rearrangements. The neck serves as both the activation and the inactivation gate. Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding instigates opening of the neck through allosteric means whereas inactivation peptide binding induces closing. An aperture within the otherwise wide pore controls anion permeability. The studies define a new molecular paradigm for gating among ligand-gated ion channels.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dimerization is necessary for the physiological activity of Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger NHE1

The Na + /H + exchanger 1 (NHE1) is the ubiquitous plasma membrane transporter which regulates the intracellular pH (pHi) and cell volume. The NHE1 is known to form homodimer, but the physiological role of dimerization is not well established. Two approaches were taken for addressing this question; to examine whether 1) co‐expression of transport‐deficient mutant NHE1 inhibits the exchange activity, and 2) intermolecular cross‐linking inhibits the activity through restricting the expected cooperative motion between NHE1 subunits. Forced expression of NHE1 mutant E262I which is catalytically inactive, but normal in plasma membrane expression, dramatically reduced the exchange activity of the endogenous NHE1 at near neutral pHi range and abolished growth factor activation, indicating that it exerted the dominant negative effect. On the other hand, by extensive search we found that intermolecular cysteine cross‐linking at Ser 375 in the putative extracellular loop 5, greatly reduced the exchange activity in the physiological pHi range, while treatment with other monofunctional cysteine modifiers had no effect on function of the S375C mutant. These results suggest that cross‐linking inhibited the NHE1 activity by restricting a coupled motion between the two subunits during transport. Thus, we concluded that dimerization of NHE1 is crucial for the exchange activity at least in the physiological pHi range.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Technology as an Instrument to Promote Settlement in Advance of Court Adjudication—Developments in England and Wales

Abstract This chapter discusses how the digitalization of dispute resolution processes often seeks to encourage amicable settlements prior to the engagement of a more costly and adversarial court adjudication. In so doing, it examines the encouragement of settlements before litigation in England and Wales, highlighting the role of legal and technological advancements in facilitating amicable resolutions. Accordingly, the chapter discusses how online dispute resolution (ODR) processes are integrated at various stages of a civil dispute’s life cycle. Firstly, it points out that certain sector-specific laws mandate businesses in regulated industries to engage in ODR to address consumer complaints. Secondly, it reviews procedural regulations that obligate parties involved in family, employment, and personal injury disputes to attempt settlement before formally initiating court proceedings. Lastly, the chapter considers how the Civil Procedure Rules endorse alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods for defended claims in advance of the trial, particularly noting the recent introduction of compulsory telephone mediation for small claims in online proceedings. The integration of ADR within the court proceedings, in particular by making ADR a mandatory step as part of an increasingly digital process, is transforming ADR from an alternative process to an integral component of litigation. Furthermore, it not only signifies an additional shift towards prioritizing settlements as the preferred outcome for resolving civil disputes but also heralds the emergence of a more process-pluralistic approach within the English civil justice system.

Topic: Dispute Resolution and Class Actions
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Reducing Quantity Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization

It is well-known that abstractive summaries are subject to hallucination---including material that is not supported by the original text. While summaries can be made hallucination-free by limiting them to general phrases, such summaries would fail to be very informative. Alternatively, one can try to avoid hallucinations by verifying that any specific entities in the summary appear in the original text in a similar context. This is the approach taken by our system, Herman. The system learns to recognize and verify quantity entities (dates, numbers, sums of money, etc.) in a beam-worth of abstractive summaries produced by state-of-the-art models, in order to up-rank those summaries whose quantity terms are supported by the original text. Experimental results demonstrate that the ROUGE scores of such up-ranked summaries have a higher Precision than summaries that have not been up-ranked, without a comparable loss in Recall, resulting in higher F$_1$. Preliminary human evaluation of up-ranked vs. original summaries shows people's preference for the former.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Time-resolved analytical model for Raman scattering in a diffusive medium

In this work an analytical model for the time-resolved signal emitted by a uniformly distributed Raman scatterer in a diffusive parallelepiped is derived and validated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On Burden: A Study of the Population-Level Health-Effects of Mental Illness

The burden of disease framework provides a unique tool for rational health systems planning. However, due to methodological constraints it systematically underestimates the burden of mental disorders. I develop a constructive critique of the burden of disease methodology, and a framework to partially correct current estimates. This framework is then applied at different levels -province, country, continent, and globally- with the goal of: (a) adequately informing mental health prioritization and intervention by governments and organizations; (b) detecting disease distribution patterns in countries belonging to different sub-regions and income-levels; (c) understanding the ecological association of group-level poverty and specific mental disorders; (c) quantifying the imbalance between disease burden and government spending on mental health; and (d) making the case for considering the adequate care for mental disorders a global health and development priority. This study of the burden of mental disorders puts it at the top of the disability ranking -and second in the combined ranking of disability and mortality- globally and in the Americas, and provides actionable needs-assessments for governments, multilateral organizations, and non-profits. It provides a life-course perspective on how the epidemiologic transition shapes disease distribution across country-income levels, finds a direct association of the percentage of the population in poverty with group-level depression disability, an inverse association with schizophrenia disability -which can be ascribed to increased lethality in low-income settings-, and a direct effect -controlling for group-level poverty- of disability due to depression in women of child-bearing age on under-five burden due to communicable, perinatal, and nutritional disorders. Also, it finds that the imbalance between burden and spending on mental health -factoring in allocative efficiency- is inversely associated with country income-level in the Americas: poorer countries spend a lower fraction of their health expenditures on mental health and allocate it less efficiently. Finally, I argue that in order to make mental health a global health and development priority, a governance and advocacy effort is required, including the creation of a specific organizational setting of global reach capable of engaging key partners that have so far been elusive, such as Governments, global donors, and economic actors.

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Bioactivation of Napabucasin Triggers Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Cancer Cell Death

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Napabucasin (2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone or BBI-608) is a small molecule currently being clinically evaluated in various cancer types. It has mostly been recognized for its ability to inhibit STAT3 signaling. However, based on its chemical structure, we hypothesized that napabucasin is a substrate for intracellular oxidoreductases and therefore may exert its anticancer effect through redox cycling, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Binding of napabucasin to NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), and other oxidoreductases, was measured. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were treated with napabucasin, and cell survival, ROS generation, DNA damage, transcriptomic changes, and alterations in STAT3 activation were assayed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Genetic knockout or pharmacologic inhibition with dicoumarol was used to evaluate the dependency on NQO1.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Napabucasin was found to bind with high affinity to NQO1 and to a lesser degree to cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR). Treatment resulted in marked induction of ROS and DNA damage with an NQO1- and ROS-dependent decrease in STAT3 phosphorylation. Differential cytotoxic effects were observed, where NQO1-expressing cells generating cytotoxic levels of ROS at low napabucasin concentrations were more sensitive. Cells with low or no baseline NQO1 expression also produced ROS in response to napabucasin, albeit to a lesser extent, through the one-electron reductase POR.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Napabucasin is bioactivated by NQO1, and to a lesser degree by POR, resulting in futile redox cycling and ROS generation. The increased ROS levels result in DNA damage and multiple intracellular changes, one of which is a reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of Initial Shear Strength on Time-to-Failure of Copper (Cu) Wire Bonds in Thermal Aging Condition

Abstract Copper (Cu) wire bond is used in a majority of microelectronic devices but has not been fully accepted by all industries due to potential reliability issues. Good quality bond is believed to provide high reliability. Shear strength and intermetallic (IMC) coverage are being used as indicators, however there is no developed model. High shear strength is a result of large IMC coverage laterally under the ball, but the reliability of the bond is also related to IMC longitudinal growth (thickness). This work involves studying effect of shear strength on reliability of a variety of experimental Cu ball bonds by performing temperature aging experiments on test devices, in QFN packages. The ball bonds are made by altering ultrasonic power and time to obtain different IMC coverage. All test packages are monitored for resistance change at specific intervals by performing four point resistance measurement. Resistance increase is analyzed with initial shear strength to determine whether “good quality” bonds always lead to high reliability.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The dynamics of continuous improvement

Examines the literature to identify the essential components of kaizen or continuous improvement programmes. Relying on published sources on the North American experience with continuous improvement, also tries to identify organizational structures and practices likely to lead to successful implementation of such programmes. Distinguishes between kaizen and more radical, “strategic leap” improvement approaches, and describes the North American record of success with continuous improvement programmes. An emergent theme is that success with continuous improvement requires a wide array of systems, processes, and orientations to be congruent within the organization. Argues that the study of when, how, and why kaizen succeeds is by no means complete, and proposes a set of open research questions whose investigation is likely to be useful to both scholars and practitioners. Finally, discusses some of the ways in which the existing literature can be immediately useful for practice in organizations.

Topic: Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Primary care pharmacist workforce mobility: why do pharmacists want to work in primary care and how do these reasons differ for community and hospital pharmacists?

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the migratory and working patterns of primary care pharmacists, to explore the reasons pharmacists changed jobs, and in particular to ascertain from which sector pharmacists moved into primary care. Method A self-completion postal questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data on current post and working practices and reasons for movement into the primary care sector, and semi-structured interviews to explore in more depth reasons for movement across sectors. Setting Primary care pharmacists in England in 2001. Key findings Just over half (52%) of the sample worked exclusively in primary care, having most likely left a post in hospital pharmacy, while almost half (48%) of the sample adopted a ‘portfolio’ pattern of working, where the primary care pharmacists have more than one job. This is most likely to be a locum position in community pharmacy. Pharmacists in this study were mostly attracted into primary care because they wanted to undertake more interesting work, make better use of their knowledge and get involved with the primary healthcare team. They left their previous place of work because they needed a change. The importance primary care pharmacists gave to each of these reasons differed, depending on the sector of employment they had left or continued to work in. Conclusion As a sector of practice, primary care is drawing pharmacists from both the community and hospital sectors of the profession. However, the impact on the hospital sector is more marked as pharmacists are leaving this sector completely, while primary care pharmacists are more likely to maintain their practice commitments in the much larger community sector.

Topic: Global Health Workforce Issues
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Team teaching for Web enhanced Control Systems education of undergraduate students

The present work focuses on the didactic approach for the HE in technical-scientific domains, namely Control Systems undergraduate courses, via blended e-learning. Material knowledge has to be learnt. So, tools to be integrated in Moodle to manage related didactic variables have been developed, suchas an Immersive Telelaboratory. In such a context a team approach to teaching was adopted. It seems useful to summarize such experience putting into evidence its potential and some critical aspects related to the implementation of the approach.

Topic: Experimental Learning in Engineering
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from Inhibition of Intermedin (Adrenomedullin 2) Suppresses the Growth of Glioblastoma and Increases the Antitumor Activity of Temozolomide

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; grade IV glioma) is the most malignant type of primary brain tumor and is characterized by rapid proliferation and invasive growth. Intermedin (IMD) is an endogenous peptide belonging to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family and has been reported to play an important role in cell survival and invasiveness in several types of cancers. In this study, we found that the expression level of IMD was positively related to the malignancy grade of gliomas. The highest expression of IMD was found in GBM, indicating that IMD may play an important role in glioma malignancy. IMD increased the invasive ability of glioma cells by promoting filopodia formation, which is dependent on ERK1/2 activation. IMD-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation also promoted GBM cell proliferation. In addition, IMD enhanced mitochondrial function and hypoxia-induced responses in GBM cells. Treatment with anti-IMD monoclonal antibodies not only inhibited tumor growth in both ectopic and orthotopic models of GBM but also significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of temozolomide. Our study may provide novel insights into the mechanism of GBM cell invasion and proliferation and provide an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic effect of GBM treatments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences