jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dynamical R-parity violations from exotic instantons

We show how R-parity can be dynamically broken by non-perturbative quantum gravity effects. In particular, in D-brane models, Exotic instantons provide a simple and calculable mechanism for the generation of R-parity violating bilinear, trilinear and higher order superpotential terms. We show examples of MSSM-like D-brane models, in which one Exotic Instanton induces only one term among the possible R-parity violating superpotentials. Naturally, the idea can be generalized for other gauge groups. As a consequence, a dynamical violation of R-parity does not necessarily destabilize the proton, i.e. a strong fine tuning is naturally avoided, in our case. For example, a Lepton violating superpotential term can be generated without generating Baryon violating terms, and viceversa. This has strong implications in phenomenology: neutrino, neutron-antineutron, electric dipole moments, dark matter and LHC physics.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Safety and passivation of faecal contamination in waste

Absorbent hygiene wastes like nappies and incontinence pads are ubiquitous in municipal and healthcare waste streams around the world as they are convenient products used in child-care and adult incontinence management. Absorbent Hygiene Product (AHP) manufacturing is resource-intensive as the products are required to be of the highest value as they are in almost-constant contact with sensitive body parts. The potential for recovering such valuable resources such as cellulose-based fibres and super-absorbent polymers for reuse in non-food sectors like the construction and wastewater industries has been considered in this study. Appropriate decontamination via chemical methods have been examined using AHPs contaminated with human-associated bacteria. Findings suggest that for simulated AHP wastes inoculated with 108–109 CFU g-1 of human-associated bacteria like Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Streptococcus pyogenes , a 1:1 ratio of 0.5% calcium hypochlorite/AHP waste is adequate to inactivate the bacteria particularly when combined with an inorganic salt for at least 60 min. Specifically, 4 to 5 log10 reductions were observed. Following such disinfection, material storage and temperatures above 25ºC minimise incidences of microbial regrowth. The disinfection protocol was not found to adversely affect the AHP quality. Overall, such findings suggest that AHP recycling is a potential alternative to current AHP waste disposal practices like incineration (with or without energy recovery) and landfilling.

Topic: Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Empirical Research on Professional Moral Cultivation of P.E. Teachers in Universities

Universities/college P.E. teachers play an important part in universities/colleges’ development. Professional moral cultivation which acts as the professional attitude and professional standard is the basic ethics standard for college P.E. teachers. Through the investigation about eight universities P.E. teachers’ current professional moral cultivation in Chongqing, this paper finds the de-criterion phenomenon in teachers’ professional moral cultivation, then analyzes the influence factors, and puts forward some improving methods finally to provide theory basis for strengthening teacher’s professional moral cultivation construction and enhance P.E. teacher’s scientific research level in Chongqing.

Topic: Educational Reforms and Innovations
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Towards Photo Watercolorization with Artistic Verisimilitude

We present a novel artistic-verisimilitude driven system for watercolor rendering of images and photos. Our system achieves realistic simulation of a set of important characteristics of watercolor paintings that have not been well implemented before. Specifically, we designed several image filters to achieve: 1) watercolor-specified color transferring; 2) saliency-based level-of-detail drawing; 3) hand tremor effect due to human neural noise; and 4) an artistically controlled wet-in-wet effect in the border regions of different wet pigments. A user study indicates that our method can produce watercolor results of artistic verisimilitude better than previous filter-based or physical-based methods. Furthermore, our algorithm is efficient and can easily be parallelized, making it suitable for interactive image watercolorization.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Skull and face trauma. LeFort fractures: CT findings

Poster: ECR 2003 / C-0861 / Skull and face trauma. LeFort fractures: CT findings  by:  M. Andreu 1, A. Carvajal2, M. Zauner2, A. Rovira2; 1Sabadell (Barcelona)/ES, 2Sabadell/ES

Topic: Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Short-Term Intake of Montmorency Tart Cherry Juice on Sleep Quality after Intermittent Exercise in Elite Female Field Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term consumption of tart cherry juice on levels of cortisol and melatonin and sleep quality after intermittent exhaustion exercise in female elite field hockey players. A total of 19 field hockey players participated in the present study for 5 days. The individuals were divided into the placebo group (PLA, n = 9) and the tart cherry juice group (TCJ, n = 10), respectively. Actigraphy devices were distributed to analyze sleep quality and participants were required to wear the device while sleeping until the study was completed. Participants consumed tart cherry juice or placebo drinks five times in a total of 48 h while double-blinded after intermittent exhaustion exercise. A significant interaction effect (group × time) between PLA and TCJ groups was not observed in the levels of melatonin and cortisol. The variables of sleep quality showed significant interaction effects with regards to the total time in bed (TTB; p = 0.015), wake after sleep onset (WASO; p = 0.044), and movement index (MI; p = 0.031) variables. As a result, our study confirmed the possibility that the short-term intake of tart cherry juice could not change the levels of melatonin and cortisol in elite female hockey players but could help improve their sleep quality.

Topic: Sleep and related disorders
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluating User and Machine Learning in Short- and Long-Term Pattern Recognition-Based Myoelectric Control

Proper training is essential to achieve reliable pattern recognition (PR) based myoelectric control. The amount of training is commonly determined by experience. The purpose of this study is to provide an offline validation method that makes the offline performance transferable to online control and find the proper amount of training that achieves good online performance. In the offline experiment, eight able-bodied subjects and three amputees participated in a ten-day training. Repeatability index (RI) and classification error (CE) were used to evaluate user learning and machine learning, respectively. The performance of cross-validation (CV) and time serial related validation (TSV) was compared. Learning curves were established with different training trials by TSV. In the online experiment, sixteen able-bodied subjects were randomly divided into two groups with one- or five-trial training, respectively, followed by participating in the test with and without classifier-output feedback. The correlation between offline and online tests was analyzed. Results indicated that five-trial training was proper to train the user and the classifier. The long-term retention of skills could not shorten the learning process. The correlation between CEs of TSV and the online test was strong ( r=0.87 ) with five-trial training, while the correlation between CEs of CV and the online test was weak ( r=0.30 ). Outcomes demonstrate that offline performance evaluated by TSV is transferable to online performance and the learning process can guide the user to achieve good online myoelectric control with minimum training.

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression in two muskmelon genotypes under progressive water stress

Responses of two muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes (drought tolerant SC-15 and drought susceptible EC-564755) were analyzed at 0, 7, 14, and 21 d of progressive water stress. Although water deficit caused a significant decline in relative water content, the magnitude of reduction was lower in SC-15. Electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, and malonydialdehyde generation were higher in EC-564755, whereas accumulation of proline was higher in SC-15. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, and higher expression of the respective genes were recorded in SC-15 than in EC-564755. Expressions of DREB2C and DREB3 in SC-15 revealed a fluctuating pattern with down-regulation on days 7 and 21 of water stress, whereas up-regulation was observed on day 14. Concurrently, both genes in EC-564755 showed continuous down-regulation on days 7, 14, and 21 of water stress. Expressions of RD22 and dehydrin recorded on days 7, 14, and 21 were lower in SC-15. The cluster analysis showed that, these two genotypes had a clear distinction in physiological and biochemical properties and gene expressions under water stress and the genotype SC-15 had more efficient osmoprotectant mechanism than genotype EC-564755 under water deficit conditions.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Regulation of Yeast Cytokinesis by Calcium

The role of calcium, an essential secondary messenger, in cell division remains an outstanding question in cell biology despite several significant findings over the past few decades. Among them is the landmark discovery of intracellular calcium waves during cytokinesis, the last stage of cell division, in fish cells. Nevertheless, subsequent studies have been largely unable to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of these cytokinetic transients. At the center of this stalemate stands two challenging questions, how these calcium transients rise and what they do during cytokinesis. Yeast, despite its proven prowess as a model organism to study cell cycle, has not drawn much interest in addressing these questions. However, the recent discovery of cytokinetic calcium spikes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has provided novel insights into how calcium regulates cytokinesis. In this review, I will primarily focus on our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of cytokinetic calcium transients in yeast cells. First, I will briefly recount the discovery of cytokinetic calcium transients in animal cells. This will be followed by an introduction to the intracellular calcium homeostasis. Next, I will discuss yeast cytokinetic calcium spikes, the ion channel Pkd2 that promotes these spikes, and the potential molecular targets of these spikes. I will also compare the calcium regulation of cytokinesis between yeast and animal cells. I will conclude by presenting a few critical questions in our continued quest to understand how calcium regulates cytokinesis.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A theory of translation from relational queries to hierarchical queries

In a heterogeneous database system, a query for one type of database system (i.e., a source query) may have to be translated to an equivalent query (or queries) for execution in a different type of database system (i.e., a target query). Usually, for a given source query, there is more than one possible target query translation. Some of them can be executed more efficiently than others by the receiving database system. Developing a translation procedure for each type of database system is time-consuming and expensive. We abstract a generic hierarchical database system (GHDBS) which has properties common to database systems whose schema contains hierarchical structures (e.g., System 2000, IMS, and some object-oriented database systems). We develop principles of query translation with GHDBS as the receiving database system. Translation into any specific system can be accomplished by a translation into the general system with refinements to reflect the characteristics of the specific system. We develop rules that guarantee correctness of the target queries, where correctness means that the target query is equivalent to the source query. We also provide rules that can guarantee a minimum number of target queries in cases when one source query needs to be translated to multiple target queries. Since the minimum number of target queries implies the minimum number of times the underlying system is invoked, efficiency is taken into consideration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Light scattering properties of an isotactic polymer solution

Abstract A polystyrene of isotactic character having a melting point (221°C.) and a degree of crystallinity in the solid state of 40%, was found to be partially soluble in toluene at 100°C. Light scattering measurements on the soluble portion indicate that the material has the high weight‐average molecular weight of 8.93 × 10 6 . The dimensions of the molecules in solution agree with those deduced from the theoretical treatment of the polydispersed random coil, and the second virial coefficient is of the expected order.

Topic: Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and biological distribution of radiolabeled ammineruthenium(III)-amino acid complexes as potential pancreatic imaging agents

Complexes of ammine[103Ru]ruthenium(III) with L-histidine, beta-(4-pyridyl)-alpha-alanine, and S-[beta-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]-L-cysteine were synthesized in low specific activity and evaluated in mice as potential radiodiagnostic agents for pancreatic imaging. The biological distribution of each complex was determined in normal mice at 15 min, 1 h, and 2 h following intravenous administration. All four complexes were rapidly cleared through the kidneys, with 50% of the injected dose concentrated in the urine within 15 min. None of the complexes showed a tendency to accumulate in any major organ. Major differences in distribution were found in lungs, heart, spleen, stomach, intestine, bone, and soft tissues. A significant relative difference in pancreatic uptake was observed. Only the beta-(4-pyridyl)-alpha-alanine complex exhibited pancreas to liver ratios significantly greater than 1. The pancreas to liver ratio of 17 was reached 1 h following injection of this ruthenium complex, which is considerably higher than commonly reported values of 2.5 for [75Se]selenomethionine. The beta-(4-pyridyl)-alpha-alanine complex is therefore a promising candidate for evaluation as a pancreatic imaging agent when labeled with cyclotron-produced ruthenium-97.

Topic: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relationship between structure and molecular interactions in monolayers of specially designed aminolipids

Surface characterization techniques reveal relationships between chemical structures and intermolecular interactions in Langmuir monolayers, serving as a basis for the design of cross-linked one-molecule-thin films with tunable properties.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reproducibility of functional MR imaging results using two different MR systems.

The location of activated voxels from visual functional MR imaging experiments varied more between sessions on one MR system than on other MR system. The amount of the activated voxels is independent of the MR system used. We suggest that sites performing functional MR imaging for presurgical planning measure the intersession reproducibility to determine an accurate surgical safety margin.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Finite Difference Scheme For The Suspended String Equation With The Nonlinear Damping Term

A numerical solution of the initial boundary value problem of the suspended string vibrating equation with the particular nonlinear damping term based on the finite difference scheme is presented in this paper. The investigation of how the second and third power terms of the nonlinear term affect the vibration characteristic. We compare the vibration amplitude as a result of the third power nonlinear damping with the second power obtained from previous report provided that the same initial shape and initial velocities are assumed. The comparison results show that the vibration amplitude is inversely proportional to the coefficient of the damping term for the third power nonlinear damping case, while the vibration amplitude is proportional to the coefficient of the damping term in the second power nonlinear damping case.

Topic: Differential Equations and Boundary Problems
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
SmartChat – An Intelligent Environment for Collaborative Discussions

Collaborative learning can be motivated via environments that provide<br> communication, and areas for discussion. In such environments, both students and<br> instructors need online support in order to produce useful interactions. In this paper we<br> present SmartChat, an intelligent environment for collaborative discussions. It uses an<br> argumentation model to organise users interactions and it classifies users in pre-defined<br> stereotypes, based on their participation in the discussion. That classification helps the<br> SmartChat's agent society to interfere in the discussion, in order to motivate users<br> participation, and also recommend references or incentivate pair collaboration. SmartChat<br> was developed in Java, using a knowledge base accessed through JEOPS. The initial tests<br> have indicated promising results.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Bantustan Proposals for South-West Africa

What Southern Africa will look like a generation from now is an immediate problem for the South African Government's top policy makers, who realise the precarious nature of apartheid . These planners have rejected both the do-nothing approach of the right-wing elements (e.g. the Republican Party) in South Africa and the multi-racial society solution pressed by Mrs Helen Suzman, the only Member of Parliament of the (relatively) left-wing Progressive Party. Between these two alternatives a host of partition schemes have been advocated, and one of them has been accepted: the ‘Bantustan’ proposals. By geographical isolation of each of the non-White ethnic groups into separate homelands or ‘Bantustans’, leaving the remainder of the territories of South Africa and South-West Africa to the Whites, the Nationalist Government is proceeding to change the face of Southern Africa.

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ACCURACY OF RANDOM SERUM CORTISOL IN DIAGNOSING SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is defined as failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate amounts of hormones. The Short Synacthen Test (SST) is a diagnostic test used to establish AI. Random serum cortisol may be a more practical and useful test for screening and diagnosing AI. The objectives of this study are to compare random serum cortisol with positive and negative SST and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of random serum cortisol at different cut off values. METHODOLOGY This is a 5-year retrospective study performed at three tertiary centers. A total of 111 subjects who underwent SST were identified. Primary AI was excluded in this study. Primary and secondary AI were differentiated based on serum ACTH. Positive SST refers to a patient who has confirmed diagnosis of secondary AI based on SST. Random serum cortisol was defined as a serum cortisol sample drawn at presentation. The association between random serum cortisol and positive SST levels were analysed through an independent sample T test. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Cut of values of random serum cortisol were determined using Youden Index. RESULTS Of the 111 patients who underwent SST, only 103 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 53 (51%) were confirmed to have secondary AI. Mean random serum cortisol for positive SST was 143.86 ± 105.68 nmol/L. The ROC curve for the model assessing the diagnostic accuracy had an area under curve of 0.72 (95%CI 0.62-0.82). The cut off levels of random serum cortisol for were &lt;80 nmol/L and &lt;100 nmol/L. The cut-off of &lt;100 nmol/L was noted to have the highest specificity at 98%, while optimal baseline serum cortisol of &gt;400 nmol/L had the highest sensitivity at 98.1% CONCLUSION A random serum cortisol of &lt;100 nmol/L is highly specific and very strongly associated with secondary AI.

Topic: Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Corrigendum: Pleomorphovibrio marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.

Topic: Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences