jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Medicine and ACE Inhibition

The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been generally beneficial in the treatment of many clinical conditions characterized by a significant degree of cardiovascular and renal involvement. Most of the available data on the benefits of ACE inhibitors have come from well-conducted large clinical trials that have provided much information supporting the use of ACE inhibitors, in agreement with the basic principles of evidence-based medicine. In particular, ACE inhibitors improve blood pressure control in patients with hypertension and have proved to be beneficial in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Improved survival rates after the use of ACE inhibitors have been also demonstrated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), whether or not the condition is complicated by acute CHF. More recently, some studies have demonstrated the ability of ACE inhibitors (particularly fosinopril) to prevent the long-term development of CHF in patients treated acutely during MI and without baseline LV dysfunction. ACE inhibitors appear to improve the long-term prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to reduce the occurrence of re-infarction, as demonstrated in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial and the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement study (SAVE). Finally, a protective role for ACE inhibitors has been reported even in diabetic hypertensive patients, in whom such agents can significantly reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (CAD and stroke) with a pattern that is largely independent of blood pressure control and is not observed with the use of calcium antagonists. These data confirm the strong involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases and strongly support the role of ACE inhibitors as drugs for present and future therapy.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele and hippocampal volume in twins with normal cognition

We examined the relation of APOE-epsilon 4, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance in ten pairs of cognitively normal twins who had a mean age of 62.5 years (SD = 7.8). There were no significant differences in neuropsychological measures of the groups categorized by the presence of an epsilon 4 allele. However, the mean normalized right and left hippocampal volumes were smaller in the epsilon 4 groups compared to the group without epsilon 4. Combined with prior reports, these findings suggest that epsilon 4 is associated with differences in brain morphology that may be evident when no symptoms of dementia are present.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radio Link Planning made easy with a Telegram Bot

Traditional radio planning tools present a steep learning curve. We present BotRf, a Telegram Bot that facilitates the process by guiding non-experts in assessing the feasibility of radio links. Built on open source tools, BotRf can run on any smartphone or PC running Telegram. Using it on a smartphone has the added value that the Bot can leverage the internal GPS to enter coordinates. BotRf can be used in environments with low bandwidth as the generated data traffic is quite limited. We present examples of its use in Venezuela.

Topic: ICT in Developing Communities
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
As a Means of Forming an Obedient Society: Torture (The Case of Umayyad)

This study examines the method of torture that aims to oppress the societies used by those who are in power. This method that has been used through the history has been influenced much more on the people belonged to the totalita-rian regimes. The Umayyad State that established whose political structure on the basis of Arabic nationality and sultanate regime used all kinds of tortures and violence to continue its power and sovereignty. The existence of an opposite group that was always ready for revolt and rebellion in this period caused a great intolerance and hatred in the society as well as the position of power. This study tries to find out the historical roots of violence that has prevailed even in modern societies in our day rather than making exalt or denigrating a certain period

Topic: Families in Therapy and Culture
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Religion and Spirituality

For religion in modern societies, the early-twenty-first century is a time of considerable and often subtle transformation. One such subtlety is the growing attention to personal spiritual well-being and the ferment surrounding whatever people take to be sacred. Voices to this effect are heard within congregations of many differing faith traditions and in many other, seemingly less likely places, such as in self-help groups and at retreat centers; in motivational training sessions within corporations and businesses; in hospitals and medical schools, where they attend to the power of prayer and meditation; in popular books, films, and on radio and television talk shows engaging people to talk about their lives; and on the ever-expanding number of pages on the Internet devoted to spiritual growth. Because interest in spirituality is so widespread and arises across many institutional sectors, both religious and nonreligious, and is sustained by the rise of what we might appropriately call a market-oriented "spirituality industry," the topic is properly deserving of attention in a systematic study of religious and spiritual change.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Advantages and Challenges of Air-to-Air Missile Hypersonic Defense

The change of war mode has led to the emergence of new threat targets. In recent years, with the development of technologies, air-space hypersonic flight technology continues to mature and form equipment. It is necessary to develop missile weapons and equipments to intercept and attack the hypersonic vehicles. For fast flight speed and strong maneuverability of air-to-air missile, it has the advantages of free ballistic design and clean detection background for air-space hypersonic attack and defense confrontation by using air-to-air missile. This paper expounds the development status of air-to-space attack and defense confrontation abroad, and analyzes some difficulties of air-to-air missile such as the launch mode and the thermal protection, etc, and puts forward seven key technologies that need to be studied, so as to provide reference for the development of new air-to-space attack and defense confrontation.

Topic: Guidance and Control Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Facile synthesis, characterization and DFT studies of a nanostructured nickel–molybdenum–phosphorous planar electrode as an active electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Ni-based planar electrodes with Mo- or P-doping toward HER were evaluated not only experimentally but also by DFT calculations.

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Two Spanish Subjunctives: The Required and Default Subjunctives

Standard Spanish grammar states that desideratives (querer que), directives (aconsejar que), purpose clauses (para que), causatives (hacer que), emotive-factives (alegrarse de que), negated epistemics (no creer que), dubitatives (dudar que), and modals (ser posible que) embed subjunctive complement clauses. However, in spite of these classifications, some predicates exhibit a certain degree of mood variation. For instance, emotive-factives can take indicative complements (Crespo del Río 2014; Faulkner 2021a). Similar variability between the moods may also come about in negated epistemic (Bolinger 1991), dubitative (Blake 1981), and modal clauses (Deshors and Waltermire 2019). &#x0D; I propose that such variation stems from the Spanish mood system involving a split between two types of subjunctives - one that is required in preference-based contexts, and another that is default and can be replaced by the indicative. I argue that, whereas preference-based expressions (desideratives, directives, purpose clauses, causatives) are inflexibly subjunctive, emotive-factives and verbs of uncertainty (negated epistemics, dubitatives, modals) may accept indicative if the speaker intends to add the affirmative or negated proposition to the common ground; i.e., if the speaker intends to assert the complement in question. I close these arguments by stating that assertion with the indicative is most likely to occur if the proposition (affirmative or negated) is informative (new or unknown to the addressee, important, contrastive, and/or highly probable).

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effects of Growth Pressure and Substrate Temperature upon In x Ga1 − x Sb Epilayer Quality Grown by MOCVD

epitaxial layers have been grown on (100) substrates. The effects of growth pressure and substrate temperature on epilayer quality and indium solid composition were examined using x‐ray diffraction patterns and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Mirror‐like surfaces can be obtained at growth pressure 170 Torr and substrate temperature 600°C. The x‐ray diffraction pattern degraded and the PL intensity decreased when the growth pressure increased above 200 Torr. The indium solid composition was found to decrease with increasing growth temperature. This result was compared with that grown under atmospheric pressure reported by Bougnot et al. (13). The indium distribution coefficients (the ratio of solid to vapor‐phase composition) as a function of growth pressure and substrate temperature have been studied. The full width at half maximum of 10 K photoluminescence peaks was found to increase with increasing lattice mismatch.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dwell and Interface Defeat on Borosilicate Glass

We have conducted impact experiments using gold long rods into borosilicate glass and the measured the penetration velocity as a function of impact velocity. At sufficiently low‐impact velocities, the glass target resists penetration and there is dwell; dwell is observed to approximately 450 m/s for bare glass. If a copper buffer is placed over the glass to eliminate the impact shock, significant dwell can be seen at impact velocities as high as 890 m/s. These impact velocities correspond to Bernoulli stresses of approximately 2.0 and 7.6 GPa, respectively. The paper describes the experimental data, and summarizes the results and our findings.

Topic: High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fluid-structural dynamics of ground-based and microgravity caloric tests

Microgravity caloric tests aboard the 1983 SpaceLab1 mission produced nystagmus results with an intensity comparable to those elicited during post- and pre- flight tests, thus contradicting the basic premise of Barany's convection hypothesis for caloric stimulation. In this work, we present a dynamic fluid structural analysis of the caloric stimulation of the lateral semicircular canal based on two simultaneous driving forces for the endolymphatic flow: natural convection driven by the temperature-dependent density variation in the bulk fluid and expansive convection caused by direct volumetric displacement of the endolymph during the thermal irrigation. Direct numerical simulations indicate that on earth, the natural convection mechanism is dominant. But in the microgravity environment of orbiting spacecraft, where buoyancy effects are mitigated, expansive convection becomes the sole mechanism for producing cupular displacement. A series of transient 1 g and microgravity case studies are presented to delineate the differences between the dynamics of the 1 g and microgravity endolymphatic flows. The impact of these different flow dynamics on the endolymph-cupula fluid-structural interactions is also analyzed based on the time evolutions of cupular displacement and velocity and the transcupular pressure differences.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The June–September Low Cloud Cover in Western Central Africa: Mean Spatial Distribution and Diurnal Evolution, and Associated Atmospheric Dynamics

Abstract Western central Africa (WCA) was recently shown to be one of the cloudiest areas of the tropics. Analyzing an ensemble of satellite products and surface cloud observations, we show that in June–September, WCA cloud cover is dominated by single-layered low stratiform clouds. Despite an underestimation of low cloud frequency in satellite estimates at night, comparisons with surface observations bring insights into the spatial distribution and diurnal cycle of low clouds. Both appear strongly influenced by orography: to the west, the coastal plains and the ocean-facing valleys have the largest cloud cover and a lower-amplitude diurnal cycle with a maximum cloud phase at 0400 local time (LT). To the east, across the windward slopes, plateaus, and downwind slopes, the cloud cover becomes progressively reduced and the diurnal cycle has a larger amplitude with a maximum cloud phase at 1000 LT. In terms of atmospheric dynamics, the east/west gradient observed in low cloud frequency and amount is related to a foehn effect without substantial rainfall on windward slopes. The diurnal cycle of low clouds on the windward slopes and plateaus is related to the reversal, from mean subsidence at 0700 LT over the Atlantic and inland to rising motion inland at 1300 LT. In addition, the airmass stability in low levels prevents the vertical development of cloud cover. Last, we could not detect in the European reanalyses any nocturnal jet as observed in southern West Africa (SWA), suggesting different mechanisms triggering low cloud formation in WCA compare to SWA.

Topic: Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Capital structure decisions: old issues, new insights from high-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises

Using panel data models and this study analyses the capital structure decisions of high-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and non-high-tech SMEs. The results suggest that the capital structure decisions of high-tech SMEs are closer to what is predicted by the Pecking Order Theory. However, the results also suggest a modified version of the Pecking Order Theory for high-tech SMEs that have relied on venture capital. These firms prefer equity issues to debt, when internal finance is exhausted. The empirical evidence suggests that problems relating to information asymmetry as well as technological and market uncertainty influence the capital structure decisions of high-tech SMEs.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of Potential Disputes in Taxpayer Status in the Tax Collection Sector

This study aims to determine the potential for disputes on the status of Taxpayers in Tax Collection. This study was conducted using a qualitative method based on a case study on the Judicial Review Decision Number 503 PK / Pdt / 2020 and 318 / B / PK / Pjk / 2019 regarding the collection of Taxpayers for Taxpayers who make changes to management and go bankrupt. The purpose of the study is to determine the potential for disputes in the future and efforts to anticipate them. The data used are primary data obtained from interviews with informants, documentation and literature studies. The results of the study obtained are that the potential for disputes depends on resistance when collection actions are taken, differences of opinion between the Tax Authorities and Taxpayers or Judges and the weakness of the DGT material in Court. Meanwhile, efforts that can be made to anticipate it are to mitigate risks, anticipate legal efforts, carry out collection actions based on regulations, and conduct internal DGT evaluations.

Topic: Taxation and Compliance Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Representations of the family in postwar British amateur film: family histories in the Lane and Scrutton collection at the East Anglian Film Archive

This article examines the construction of the postwar British family in amateur film with reference to the Sidney Lane and Cecil Scrutton collection held at the East Anglian Film Archive (EAFA), particularly the films covering 1948 – 1961. Heather Norris Nicholson argues that home movies contribute to 'an understanding of leisure and visual-related practices of consumption as well as the social processes by which people came to give themselves, and others, identities' in the mid-twentieth century (Nicholson, 2004, p. 323). By considering the social and historical contexts in which these home movies were produced, and using accompanying notes by one of the filmmaker’s sons, the leisure time films of Lane and Scrutton can be analysed in order to understand how the amateur cine hobby ideologically constructed family, community and national identity in postwar Britain. The images of Christmas parties, daytrips and holidays in these films reveal much about this particular family, and are therefore very illuminating to the social historian and film scholar of today.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effective retirement age: recent developments

This article analyses recent developments in the average effective retirement age in light of the 2011 reform and the different forms of retirement. The analysis shows, first, that the effective retirement age has tended to increase in recent years as a result of the net increase in the retirement age within all forms of retirement, which has more than offset the opposite effect prompted by the growing share of the various forms of early retirement. Second, the impact of the 2011 reform, from the standpoint of retirement age, seemingly remains limited, as the percentage of new retirees who take retirement on the basis of legislation prior to the reform is still significant, and the statutory retirement age for workers with sufficiently lengthy contribution histories is still 65. Third, on average, workers who take some form of early or partial retirement have the lowest retirement age, although they generally have longer contribution periods and higher regulatory bases.

Topic: Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On Topology

Recent arguments asserting a topological turn in culture also identify a range of topologically informed interventions in social and cultural theory. Talk of a topological turn evokes both the enduring interest that the field of mathematics presents and the business of analysis in the cultural sphere. This article questions the novelty of this ‘becoming topological of culture’ and digs into a deeper historicity in order to identify the trends that may be said to support the development of topology in the current situation. It also examines the relationship between mathematics considered ontologically (philosophy of mathematics) and mathematics considered epistemologically (as a methodological practice of knowledge), in order to better grasp the significance of the practical abstractions that mathematics as technics (or cultural topology) manifests. Discussions of Cantor, Russell, Poincaré, Lévi-Strauss, Lacan and others address the background of contemporary mathematical topology. The article goes on to examine Alain Badiou’s principle that mathematics is ontology and concludes with a discussion of the mathematics of Martin Heidegger.

Topic: Philosophy, Science, and History
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Engagement of Moldovan Organizations in Increasing Employment through Flexible Work Arrangements

Work flexibility as an element of work flexicurity has had an impact on employment at national level. In this study, work flexibility is expressed through flexible work arrangements. Organisations could implement various flexible work arrangements, depending on their size or specifically promoted policies in this sense. Thus, organisations indirectly contribute to higher employment at national level. The aim of the study is to evaluate flexible work arrangements from the perspective of organizations in order to determine to what extent they are available for being implemented. To test and validate the results, we developed a questionnaire that included 10 flexible work arrangements. Each flexible work arrangement was rated on a Likert scale from "1" to "5". The survey comprised 350 companies of different sizes from various sectors, located in urban and rural areas. In order to process, analyse and interpret the results, several statistical methods were used - Principal Components Analysis, the ANOVA procedure and the post hoc test. The findings have shown that some flexible work arrangements had been better rated than others. Differences were also identified in the evaluation of flexible work arrangements by organization's size. Our results provided evidence that some organizations show reluctance towards certain flexible work arrangements. Moreover, flexible work arrangements with higher scores are more likely to be implemented by organizations that may lead to higher employment at national level. Implications for Central European audience: Work flexibility represents an important and promising element in the context of change in the work paradigm. In this context, organizations need to adapt their HR strategies and policies by taking into account work flexibility trends. It will enable them to attract the required workforce both quantitatively and qualitatively. Likewise, the organizations implementing different flexible work arrangements could indirectly contribute to increasing employment at national level.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Challenges to the Study of Chinese Economic History

The research style of The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy * differs from our brand of social economic history, which is heavily influenced by political economics. The result is that our economic histories draw upon economic studies and, by implication, retreat from the social sciences. With regard to economic history, Kenneth Pomeranz's work traces the developmental paths of the economy itself and acknowledges the autonomous logic of economic development; it therefore merits attention. But the author believes that, as research into Chinese social economic history has gained more depth, we not only suffer from what is referred to in The Great Divergence as an issue of excess theory, but also from the twin problems of flawed and biased theory. It is not necessary to abandon the past hundred years of academic tradition, which laid an emphasis on institutional analysis. In sum, China's unique history of development over thousands of years, and especially in the past hundred years, including the system-wide economic reforms currently being implemented, gives rise to challenges to our theories of economic history, which we currently must address.

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences