jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of PVP and reaction time to the morphology of synthesized nickel nanowires

Nanostructured metals have been utilized in numerous applications because of their advantage due to their enhanced properties. In this study, chain-like nickel (Ni) nanowires with diameters 100 to 500 nm and lengths up to 8.5 µm were synthesized using a simple chemical reduction method in the absence and presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the successful synthesis of Ni using the chemical reduction method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of bead-like Ni nanowires upon the addition of PVP. On the other hand, smoother Ni nanowires were formed in the absence of PVP. Also, increasing the reaction time resulted in longer nanowires. Addition of PVP and increasing the reaction time affected the morphology of Ni nanowires.

Topic: Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrability and Novel Localized Solutions in the (2+1) Dimensional Generalized Sasa-Satsuma Equation

In this Paper, we analyse the singularity structure aspects of the (2 + 1) dimensional generalized Sasa-Satsuma (GSS) equation and confirm its integrability. Using the results of the Painlevé analysis, we unearth a new class of localized coherent structures of the (2 + 1) dimensional GSS equation and study their interactions. The new class of solutions includes multiple conoidal periodic waves driven by doubly periodic Jacobian elliptic functions and multiple dromions. We have also explored the concept of fission and fusion of dromions in detail.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An oscillator-driven, time-resolved optical pump/NIR supercontinuum probe spectrometer

We present a novel, to the best of knowledge, time-resolved, optical pump/NIR supercontinuum probe spectrometer suitable for oscillators. A NIR supercontinuum probe spectrum (850–1250 nm) is generated in a photonic crystal fiber, dispersed across a digital micromirror device (DMD), and then raster scanned into a single element detector at a 5 Hz rate. Dual modulation of pump and probe beams at disparate frequencies permits simultaneous measurement of both the bare reflectance R and its photoinduced change Δ R through lock-in detection, allowing for continuously self-normalized measurement of Δ R / R . Example data are presented on a germanium wafer sample that demonstrate for signals of order Δ R / R ∼ 10 −3 , a 2.87 nm spectral resolution and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>400</mml:mn> </mml:math> fs temporal resolution pre-recompression, and comparable sensitivity to standard time-resolved, amplifier-based pump–probe techniques.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vegetative Growth and Chemical Constituents of Croton Plants as Affected by Foliar Application of Benzyl adenine and Gibberellic Acid

A pot experiment was conducted during 2008 and 2009 seasons at National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Research and Production Station, Nubaria. The aim of this work is to study the effect of foliar application with benzyl adenine (BA) at (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) at (100, 150 and 200 ppm) on the vegetative growth and some chemical constituents of croton plants. Most of the criteria of vegetative growth expressed as plant height, number of branches and leaves/plant, root length, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves and roots were significantly affected by application of the two factors which were used in this study.All foliar applications of BA and GA 3 separately promoted all the aforementioned characters in this study, as well as chemical constituents i.e. Chl. (a and b), carotenoids, total soluble sugars, total indoles ,total soluble phenols and N, P and K content compared with control plants. The highest recorded data were obtained in plants treated with GA 3 200 pm for all chemical constituents and growth parameters, except stem diameter and number of branches/plant, and N, P and K % while BA 150 ppm gave the highest stem diameter and number of branches and N, P and K % and content. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):126-130). (ISSN: 1545-1003).

Topic: Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristics of hand and machine-assigned scores to college students’ answers to open-ended tasks

Assessment of learning in higher education is a critical concern to policy makers, educators, parents, and students. And, doing so appropriately is likely to require including constructed response tests in the assessment system. We examined whether scoring costs and other concerns with using open-end measures on a large scale (e.g., turnaround time and inter-reader consistency) could be addressed by machine grading the answers. Analyses with 1359 students from 14 colleges found that two human readers agreed highly with each other in the scores they assigned to the answers to three types of open-ended questions. These reader assigned scores also agreed highly with those assigned by a computer. The correlations of the machine-assigned scores with SAT scores, college grades, and other measures were comparable to the correlations of these variables with the hand-assigned scores. Machine scoring did not widen differences in mean scores between racial/ethnic or gender groups. Our findings demonstrated that machine scoring can facilitate the use of open-ended questions in large-scale testing programs by providing a fast, accurate, and economical way to grade responses.

Topic: Student Assessment and Feedback
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Know-how transfer on creating and developing QS-9000 Quality System in American-Polish joint venture company on the example of WIX Filtration Products, Division of Dana Corporation and WIX-Filtron Ltd.

This article describes application of know-how within design, creation, implementation and development of QS-9000 quality system of American company WIX Filtration Products and its Polish division Wix-Filtron. The article reflects the attempt of both presentation and critical analysis of experience transfer capabilities of companies within one corporation, logistically remote from each other and operating on different markets. In the introduction, the basic assumptions and requirements of QS-9000 standard were shown, as well as the reasons of their importance for the companies operating within automotive industry. This study considers also the forecasts on QS-9000 widespread in Poland and its significance for developing automotive market, as the background for the key issue of this publication.

Topic: Management Systems and Quality Improvement
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Wide-angle microwave lens for line source applications

A new "time-delay" scanner consists of a constrained wide-angle two-dimensional microwave lens with a straight front face in which lens elements connect arbitrary points on the inner and outer contours. The lens can operate at very short pulse lengths and can scan more beamwidths than any previously known device of its type. A phase analysis shows that this design has very small coma aberrations and that the lens can generate fractional degree beams. Criteria developed for selecting optimum lens parameters are given. The radiation patterns of an experimental model in which the lens elements consist of coaxial cables show the expected wide-angle characteristics. In further tests incremental scanning was obtained through the use of phase shifters in the coaxial lens elements. The design of symmetrical three-dimensional lenses is briefly discussed. A table of lens contour parameters is given for an optimum lens design with scan angle <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">30\deg</tex> .

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in Eurozone Governance after the Crisis and the Issue of Growth

The Eurozone countries are still seeking a way out of the crisis that has been affecting the European Monetary Union (EMU) since 2010. Sovereign debt crises, difficulties in the banking system and large current account imbalances have characterized the euro crisis, while several countries of the Eurozone have entered a phase of slow and even negative growth. All this has put at risk the sustainability of the EMU, leading to a climate of distrust surrounding the future of the single currency. The crisis of the Eurozone has shown that a sustainable currency union requires more governance because of the higher degree of economic, financial and fiscal spillovers between euro member countries. However, the crisis has led to significant changes in the institutional framework of the EMU and in the economic policies of the Eurozone, highlighting, above all, the role of the ECB. The present contribution analyses these changes in Eurozone governance and discusses whether they are the correct solutions to the crisis; in addition it focuses on the unresolved issue of growth in the peripheral Eurozone countries.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Identifying the Latent Space Geometry of Network Models through Analysis of Curvature

Statistically modeling networks, across numerous disciplines and contexts, is fundamentally challenging because of (often high-order) dependence between connections.A common approach assigns each person in the graph to a position on a low-dimensional manifold.Distance between individuals in this (latent) space is inversely proportional to the likelihood of forming a connection.The choice of the latent geometry (the manifold class, dimension, and curvature) has consequential impacts on the substantive conclusions of the model.More positive curvature in the manifold, for example, encourages more and tighter communities; negative curvature induces repulsion among nodes.Currently, however, the choice of the latent geometry is an a priori modeling assumption and there is limited guidance about how to make these choices in a datadriven way.In this work, we present a method to consistently estimate the manifold type, dimension, and curvature from an empirically relevant class of latent spaces: simply connected, complete Riemannian manifolds of constant curvature.Our core insight comes by representing the graph as a noisy distance matrix based on the ties between cliques.Leveraging results from statistical geometry, we develop hypothesis tests to determine whether the observed distances could plausibly be embedded isometrically in each of the candidate geometries.We explore the accuracy of our approach with simulations and then apply our approach to data-sets from economics and sociology as well as neuroscience.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Geothermal Energy Resources and Their Use in Yugoslavia*

Abstract Yugoslavia has a 30-year tradition in geothermal energy utilization. The oil crisis of the 1970s and 1980s provided a fresh impetus for assessment and exploration of potential systems in fractured and porous aquifers, and for development of applications of low-enthalpy thermal water. It is expected that these efforts will continue with greater intensity in the new future.

Topic: Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>Prevalence in Dogs in Southwest Nigeria

Echinococcosis is a public health parasitic disease that is cosmopolitan ( Echinococcus granulosus ) in its distribution. Domestic dogs ( Canis familiaris ) have been recognised as the definitive host of the parasite. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Southwest Nigeria using direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect sera antigen. Two hundred and seventy-three (273) canine sera were tested for the presence of Echinococcus antigen. Purpose of keeping (hunting or companion), age (young or adult), and sex of each dog were considered during sampling. Total prevalence recorded was 12.45% (34/273). There was significant difference (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) between hunting (15.94%) and companion dogs (1.52%) but there was no significant difference (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) between young and adult dogs. There was no association between sex and prevalence of canine echinococcosis. The result of this study established the presence of canine echinococcosis in Southwest Nigeria; thus there is the possibility of occurrence of zoonotic form of the disease (human cystic hydatid diseases) in the region.

Topic: Parasitic infections in humans and animals
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 763106: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Power Is More Relevant Than Ascensional Speed to Determine Metabolic Demand at Different Gradient Slopes During Running

Abstract Hingrand, C, Olivier, N, Combes, A, Bensaid, S, and Daussin, FN. Power is more relevant than ascensional speed to determine metabolic demand at different gradient slopes during running. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2298–2301, 2023—Trail running is characterized by successive uphill and downhill running sessions. To prescribe training intensity, an assessment of maximal running capacity is required. This study compared 2 uphill incremental tests using the same ascensional speed increment to identify the influence of the slope gradient on performance. Ten subjects (8 men and 2 women) performed 3 incremental exercises on various slope (1%: IT01, 10%: IT10, and 25%: IT25), and the ascensional speed increment was similar between IT10 and IT25 (100 m·h −1 every minute). Gas exchanges, heart rate, and power were monitored continuously during the tests. Similar V̇ o 2 max levels were observed in the 3 conditions: 68.7 ± 6.2 for IT01, 70.1 ± 7.3 for IT10, and 67.6 ± 7.0 for IT25. A greater maximal ascensional speed was reached in the IT25 (1760 ± 190 vs. 1,330 ± 106 for IT25 and IT10, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). A significant relationship was observed between relative V̇ o 2 levels and relative power without any effect of slope. Power should be the parameter used for prescribing training intensity compared with ascensional speed in trail.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Pharmacological Studies on Matrine and Oxymatrine

Matrine and oxymatrine, major components of Sophora flavescens, were confirmed to have a protective effect on restraint and water immersion stress ulcer in mice. Oxymatrine inhibits the formation of some experimental gastric ulcer, pylorus ligation ulcer and indomethacin ulcer, which are considered to relate to acid secretion. Oxymatrine decreases acid secretion in Shay's rats and inhibits gastic motility induced by restraint and water immersion stress when administered intraduodenally. These results suggest that the protective effect of oxymatrine on stress ulcer is possibly due to a decrease of acid secretion and inhibition of gastric motility. In spite of its weak inhibition of gastric acid secretion, intravenous injection of matrine is rather effective for stress ulcer. Matrine exhibits the inhibition of writhing induced by acetic acid, prolongation of sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, hypothermia and inhibition of locomotor activity induced by methamphetamine. Matrine (i.v.) also inhibits gastric motility induced by restraint and water immersion stress. On the other hand, the administration of matrine exhibits clear contraction on the preparation of the fundus strip of rats at high concentration. The contractile response of the fundus strip to matrine is not inhibited by treatment with tetrodotoxin, and is not modified with atropine, while pretreatment of the fundus strip with antihistamine abolished or reduced the contractile response. It can therefore be assumed that the direct action of matrine on the stomach smooth muscle possibly contributes to the mechanism of the matrine induced inhibition of the spontaneous gastric motility and rise in the tone of stomach, and may play an important role in the protection of the restraint and water immersion stress ulcer formetion.

Topic: Bioactive natural compounds
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How Do Women Affect Politics and Legislation Among Distinct Nations?

How does the increase of women in the political realm affect legislation? It is critical to discover the answer to this presented question as it allows academics to better understand the past, present, and future of politics. Understanding why more women are entering the political world, and how they can influence the rate of policy change, presents academics with a basis to further analyze the impact of women in various disciplines. This study will attempt to prove that an increase of women in high-ranking, legislative positions will prompt an increase in progressive legislation. Historically, the implementation of progressive policies has changed various societies. Therefore, an increase of women in government can drastically alter the current political world. This study examines the United States, Rwanda, Sweden, Germany, and Bolivia. It should be noted that each of the cases being investigated are described as developed democracies, with the exception of Rwanda. A Most Different System Design has also been applied to clearly examine the differences and similarities among the presented cases. At initial glance, these countries have little in common. However, through extensive research, it can be determined that each country has seen an increase of women political participation, and thus, share a similar outcome.

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis and characterization of nonaqueous dispersion particles with photolabile α‐heptadecylphenacyl ester stabilizer chains

Abstract We describe a new method for the synthesis of core–shell photolabile nanoparticles. The synthesis begins with the batch emulsion copolymerization of n ‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate to form small (20‐nm‐diameter) crosslinked particles with a narrow size distribution. These seeds are then used for a second‐stage emulsion copolymerizations in which BMA and various polar monomers, including methacrylic acid, are added under monomer‐starved conditions. After characterization of the particles, they are transferred to an N,N ‐dimethylformamide solution. The cesium salt of the carboxylic acid groups is reacted with 2‐bromo‐1‐phenyl‐octadecan‐1‐one to convert various fractions of the COOH groups to the corresponding 2‐benzoylheptadecyl ester groups. These aliphatic ester groups render the surface sufficiently hydrophobic that the particles can be dispersed in common aliphatic hydrocarbons solvents to yield colloidal dispersions, sterically stabilized by the dangling aliphatic chains. Ester groups with a phenyl ketone attached to the β‐carbon are photolabile. Irradiation of the particles with UV light detaches the sterically stabilizing chains from the particle and transforms the surface groups back to COOH groups. This leads to flocculation of the particles. The emphasis in this article is on the optimization of the particle synthesis and the characterization of the particles obtained. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2642–2657, 2001

Topic: Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Metastasizing oral melanoma in a cow Melanoma oral metastático em uma vaca

A malignant dendritic melanoma of the oral cavity with metastases widely spread in a cow is described. The clinicopathological manifestations, developed during a two-year period, was characterized by the difficulty in mastication and swallowing, progressive weight loss, weakness and profuse sialorrhea. At the necropsy, an ulcerated black mass was found at the left jaw projecting into the oral cavity. The tumor reached the chin, inferior lip and tongue. Metastases were detected within the tongue, parotid gland, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid, pleura, lungs, heart, peritoneum, omentum, and serosal membranes of the forestomach and abomasum, liver, and intima of some hepatic vessels, mammary gland, and muscles and fasciae of the left hind leg. No reference to metastasizing oral dendritic melanoma in the oral cavity of the cattle has been mentioned in the literature.&lt;br&gt;Neste trabalho, descreve-se um caso de melanoma dendrítico maligno da cavidade oral em uma vaca, com metástases amplamente disseminadas. A evolução clínica foi de dois anos, e o quadro clínico-patológico caracterizou-se por dificuldade na mastigação e deglutição, perda de peso progressiva, fraqueza e sialorréia profusa. À necropsia, uma massa enegrecida e ulcerada foi encontrada na mandíbula esquerda e projetava-se para a cavidade oral. O tumor envolvia principalmente a porção cranial do ramo horizontal esquerdo da mandíbula e alcançou o mento, o lábio inferior, a gengiva e a língua. Metástases foram detectadas na língua, na glândula parótida, nos linfonodos, na traquéia, na tireóide, na pleura, nos pulmões, no coração, no peritônio, no omento e na serosa dos pré-estômagos e do abomaso, do fígado e da íntima de alguns vasos hepáticos, da glândula mamária e das fáscias e dos músculos do membro posterior esquerdo. Histologicamente o tumor primário e as metástases eram do tipo dendrítico. Não encontramos referências a melanomas primários de mandíbula com metástases em bovinos.

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences