jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monogenase in vesicles of the higher plant Catharanthus roseus

The intracellular location of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monoterpene hydroxylase from the higher plant, Catharanthus roseus, has been investigated. By differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, utilizing marker enzymes and electron microscopy, the monooxygenase was demonstrated to be associated with vesicles having a membrane thickness of 40-60 nm. The vesicles could be distinguished from endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and plasma membrane and were found in light membrane fractions containing provacuoles. Most definitive results were obtained when seedlings were ground in the presence of sand and in a medium containing sorbitol. Upon subjection of the 20,000-g pellet preparation to linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation, a threefold enrichment in hydroxylase activity was afforded in a yellow band having vesicles varying in size from 0.1 to 0.8 mum in diam and having a density of 1.09 to 1.10 g/cm3. Since the monooxygenase has been implicated in indole alkaloid biosynthesis in this plant, the data suggest the compartmentalization of at least a part of this pathway.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantitative analysis of styrene monomer in polystyrene and foods including some preliminary studies of the uptake and pharmacodynamics of the monomer in rats.

A variety of food containers, drinking cups and cutlery, fabricated from polystyrene (PS) or polystyrene-related plastic, were analyzed for their styrene monomer content. Samples of yogurt, packaged in PS cups, were similarly analyzed and the leaching of styrene monomer from PS containers by some food simulants was also determined. Blood level studies with rats, dosed with styrene monomer by various routes, illustrated uptake phenomena that were dependent on the dose and route of administration and were also affected by the vehicle used to convey the styrene monomer.

Topic: Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside

Primarily a consequence of sedentary lifestyle, atherosclerosis has already reached pandemic proportions, and with every year the burden of it is only increasing. As low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) represents a crucial factor in atherosclerosis formation and progression, stringent lipid-lowering therapy could conceivably be the key to preventing the unfavorable outcomes that arise as a consequence of atherosclerosis. The use of statins in lipid-lowering is often burdened by adverse events or is insufficient to prevent cardiovascular events as a monotherapy. Therefore, in the present review, the authors aimed to discuss the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia and associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and preclinical and clinical trials of novel therapeutic approaches to its treatment, some of which are still in the early stages of development. Apart from novel therapies, a novel change in perspective is needed. Specifically, the critical objective in the future management of ASCVD is to embrace emerging evidence in the field of atherosclerosis, because clinicians are often burden by common practice and personal experience, both of which have so far been shown to be futile in the setting of atherosclerosis.

Topic: Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Are Adolescents Meeting the 2020 Goals of the American Heart Association (AHA) for Ideal Cardiovascular Health? (906.1)

Background The American Heart Association's (AHA) ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) consists of 7 metrics (4 health behaviors 3 health factors): nonsmoking (NS), BMI (蠄85 th percentile), physical activity (PA, 蠅 60 min daily), healthy diet (4‐5 components), blood pressure (BP, &lt;90 th percentile), blood cholesterol (TBC, &lt;170 mg/dl) and fasting blood glucose (FBG,&lt;100 mg/dl). We studied the prevalence of the health behaviors among 2,700 adolescents in the NEXT Generation Health Study (NEXT GEN) and the 7 metrics in NEXT PLUS, a random sample of the NEXT GEN. Methods Cardiovascular health behaviors (CVHB) were assessed in NEXT GEN adolescents (16.24±0.53 years) yearly from 2010‐2014 and were categorized into ideal (蠅5 metrics), intermediate (2‐5 metrics) or poor (&lt;2 metrics) based on AHA guidelines. Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS 19.0. Results Of the NEXT PLUS students (N= 577), only 0.2% met all 7 ICVH metrics. 84.6% were non‐smokers, 26.4% met PA criteria, and 39.2% met fruits and vegetables criteria. Only 28.1 % were categorized as ideal, 70.9% as intermediate and 1% as poor. 95.8% had ideal criteria for BP, 75.8% for TBC, and 52.8% for FBG. BMI was &lt;85th percentile in 51.2%. Of the NEXT GEN adolescents, the prevalence of nonsmoking was stable (81%‐86%), and ideal indicators of BMI, physical activity and healthy diet were low across all four years, 2010‐2014. The proportion of NEXT GEN adolescents meeting all four CVHB was low: 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.5% yearly from 2010‐2014, respectively. Conclusion The exceedingly low prevalence of ICVH among US adolescents suggests the need for a concerted effort at the individual, family, environment and policy levels to improve CVH among adolescents.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identification of Unique, Heterozygous Germline Mutation, <i>STK11</i> (p.F354L), in a Child with an Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma within Six Months of Completing Treatment for Neuroblastoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rare in children, although it is a known secondary malignancy after treatment for neuroblastoma (NB). The interval between NB treatment completion and PTC is usually more than 5 years. A 4-year-old, female patient with a high risk adrenal NB was found to have a 2.9-cm, right thyroid nodule on surveillance chest computed tomography (CT) 6 months after completion of her NB treatment (induction chemotherapy, tumor resection, autologous stem cell transplantation, external beam radiation to the abdominal tumor site, immunotherapy, and retinoic acid). Posttreatment surveillance included iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine scans and CT scans. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule diagnosed a follicular neoplasm, which was negative for BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, PAX8/PPARg, and RET/PTC mutations, without evidence of metastatic NB. Nodule histology demonstrated an encapsulated follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC). Next-generation sequence analysis for a 46 cancer-gene profile was performed on both tumors with subsequent peripheral blood DNA testing. A heterozygous missense mutation in STK11 (F354L) was identified in both the NB and FVPTC. This mutation was also detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Two additional heterozygous somatic missense mutations of uncertain significance were identified: KDR/VEGF receptor 2 (Q472H) on chromosome 4 and MET (N375S) on chromosome 7. To our knowledge, this is the shortest reported duration from completion of NB treatment to detection of thyroid cancer. The association of the STK11 gene with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, lung adenocarcinomas, and medullary thyroid cancer leads to a possible association between this genetic variant and our patient's tumors.

Topic: Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Medical students develop software for pioneering electronic patient records

Two London medical students have designed a computer system allowing patients to access their electronic medical records at the scan of a fingerprint.

The Patient Access Electronic Record System (PAERS), which recognises patients using a fingerprint and identification number, is now available to patients at Wells Park Surgery in Sydenham, south east London.

Patients can also avoid queuing at reception to book in for …

Topic: Dental Education, Practice, Research
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A multivariate Gaussian random field prior against spatial confounding

Spatial models are used in a variety research areas, such as environmental sciences, epidemiology, or physics. A common phenomenon in many spatial regression models is spatial confounding. This phenomenon takes place when spatially indexed covariates modeling the mean of the response are correlated with the spatial random effect. As a result, estimates for regression coefficients of the covariates can be severely biased and interpretation of these is no longer valid. Recent literature has shown that typical solutions for reducing spatial confounding can lead to misleading and counterintuitive results. In this paper, we develop a computationally efficient spatial model in a Bayesian framework integrating novel prior structure that reduces spatial confounding. Starting from the univariate case, we extend our prior structure to case of multiple spatially confounded covariates. In a simulation study, we show that our novel model flexibly detects and reduces spatial confounding in spatial datasets, and it performs better than typically used methods such as restricted spatial regression. These results are promising for any applied researcher who wishes to interpret covariate effects in spatial regression models. As a real data illustration, we study the effect of elevation and temperature on the mean of daily precipitation in Germany.

Topic: Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
183. 3 : 4-Benzoxanthens. Part III. The synthesis and oxidation of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-methyl-3 : 4-benzoxanthen

M. Gindy and I. M. Dwidar, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 893 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530000893

Topic: Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of the Preanalytical Interference of Hemoglobin, Bilirubin, or Lipids in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Assays on Beckman Coulter AU Analyzers

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) interferences on 8 therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays. Methods Amikacin, carbamazepine, digoxin, lidocaine, lithium, methotrexate, phenobarbital, and theophylline were spiked in specimen pools at the clinical decision cutoff values. The interferents were spiked in vitro in specimen pools. All analytes were tested on Beckman Coulter AU analyzers. Results Hemolysis interference was detected in quantitative microsphere system (QMS) amikacin at 55.59 μg/mL at a concentration of 500 mg/dL hemoglobin. Icterus interference was detected in enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique amikacin at 43.62 μg/mL and in QMS amikacin at 55.59 μg/mL, at a concentration of 20 mg/dL bilirubin. Conclusion Although the reference range value is recommended for clinical significance bias assessment for HIL interferences on most chemistry assays, an important investigation of the HIL interferences on TDM assays is to establish interferent thresholds at the clinical critical cutoff values.

Topic: Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A collaborative learning approach to promote positive interdependence in a “Planning Sustainable Cities” course

Following the scholarship of teaching and learning, this study is contextualized in a “Planning Sustainable Cities” course. It presents a collaborative learning approach to promote positive interdependence. Under certain conditions, collaborative learning approaches can promote among students each other’s efforts to learn, resulting in positive interdependence (cooperation). However, cooperation is not always facilitated, and it might be challenged when students have diverse backgrounds. This study incorporated elements of mixed-methods and design-based research approaches. Pre and post-intervention surveys were conducted with 23 international students as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions on the type and level of collaboration, and student’s view of cooperative learning. Based on the results of the descriptive phase and the literature, we addressed two key issues during the design phase: improving group dynamics and facilitating collaboration in the Learning Management System (LMS). No outside enemy interdependence was observed (negative interdependence with another group). Means interdependence is the most predominant characteristic of positive interdependence present in group work and positively perceived by the students. In the collaborative learning approach that was designed, both a group dynamics workshop (analogue/in class) and group pages in the LMS seem to help in improving means interdependence.

Topic: Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EU Fundamental Rights, EC Fundamental Freedoms and Private Law

Originally, private law was considered to be immune from the effect of fundamental rights, the function of which was limited to being individual defenses against the vigilant eye of the state. This traditional view, however, has been put under pressure as a result of the growing effect of fundamental rights in private law, which makes it possible to speak about the tendency towards the constitutionalization of private law. Although until recently this tendency has primarily manifested itself in the national law of many EU Member States as a result of the readiness of the domestic courts to grant effect to fundamental rights embodied in national constitutions and international human rights instruments in purely private law disputes, an interesting perspective on the issue is also provided by EU law. The aim of this article is to trace in EU law the signs of the developments which have been occurring in national legal systems with regard to the effect of fundamental rights in private law, and, in the light of this, to outline possible directions in the evolution of the relationship between private law, on the one hand, and EC fundamental freedoms and EU fundamental rights, on the other, in the context of EU law.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Differential effects of the intraventricular administration of 6‐hydroxydopamine on the induction of type II β‐tubulin and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the locus coeruleus of the aging Fischer 344 rat

Noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus have been shown to respond to injury by increasing the synthesis of neurotransmitter (via the activation and induction of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting catalyst in the production of catecholamines) and initiating compensatory axonal sprouting. However, this laboratory has recently described a significant deficit in the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the aged Fischer 344 rat, in contrast to the young and mature rat, following partial damage to cortical and hippocampal noradrenergic terminals induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. To extend these observations, we measured changes in the relative levels of neuron-specific type II β-tubulin and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in locus coeruleus neurons of 2, 12, and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats following intraventricular infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine by using in situ hybridization histochemistry. These measures were used as markers of the responsiveness of these neurons to injury. 6-Hydroxydopamine treatment induced a persistent increase (at least 10 days) in the expression of type II β-tubulin mRNA only in 2-month-old animals; this marker decreased in the 12 and 24-month-old animals. Relative levels of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA increased in 2 and 12-month-old lesioned animals both 3 and 10 days post-treatment. In contrast, the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in 24-month-old animals, seen three days post-treatment, was attenuated by 10 days. These data indicate that the capacity of locus coeruleus neurons to compensate for injury by either initiating a potential sprouting response or increasing their capacity to synthesize neurotransmitter is reduced in older animals. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
EVALUATION OF BINDERS FOR MACHINABLE UNFIRED CERAMICS

Twenty-seven different combinations of binders were mixed with alumina powder to study tensile strength in unfired oxide parts and its relationship to machinability.Isostatically pressed oxides were impregnated with waxes to further increase their mechanical strengths for machining.Alumina, magnesia, zirconia, and zircon bars containing 4.0 percent polyvinyl alcohol were tested to compare the strength of equal amounts of binder in different oxides.In these bars the variation in tensile strengths was found to be due mainly to difference in particle size.Machinability was found to improve as the binder tensile strength increased.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
P2-309 Impact of excess weight on the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration

<h3>Background</h3> Elevated blood pressure and excess weight are established major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies have suggested that hypertension is a greater cardiovascular hazard among obese compared with lean individuals, but the epidemiological evidence is conflicting. <h3>Methods and Results</h3> The interaction between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and BMI on fatal or non-fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke was examined using pooled data from the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Participants of the study were 419 448 men and women aged &gt;30 years at baseline. BMI was categorised into five groups (12.0–18.4, 18.5–22.9, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–29.9 and 30.0–60.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by sex and study, were used to estimate HRs adjusting for age and smoking status, and the interaction between SBP and BMI was assessed by likelihood ratio test. During 2 619 241 person-years of follow-up, there were 10 877 CVD events (59% in Asia, 34% women, 71% fatal). For all forms of CVD except haemorrhagic stroke, there was evidence of an antagonistic interaction between SBP and BMI such that the risks of subsequent CHD (p=0.01), ischaemic stroke (p=0.03) and CVD (p=0.001) associated with increases in SBP were higher in normal-weight individuals compared with obese individuals. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Increased SBP is an important determinant of subsequent cardiovascular risk irrespective of body size and, in relative terms, lean individuals were shown to have a poorer prognosis for CHD and ischaemic stroke.

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Waterless dyeing of textiles

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.

Topic: Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cloning, expression, and characterization of TonB2 from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and potential use as an antigenic vaccine candidate and diagnostic marker.

In this study the tonB2 gene was cloned from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae JL01 (serovar 1) and expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The GST fusion protein was recognized by antibodies in serum positive for A. pleuropneumoniae by Western blot analysis. Purified soluble GST-TonB2 was assessed for its ability to protect BALB/c mice against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Mice were vaccinated with GST-TonB2 subcutaneously and challenged intraperitoneally with either ~4.0 × 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) or ~1.0 × 10(6) CFU of A. pleuropneumoniae 4074. They were examined daily for 7 d after challenge. The survival rate of the TonB2-vaccinated mice was significant higher than that of the mice given recombinant GST or adjuvant alone. These results demonstrate that A. pleuropneumoniae TonB2 is immunogenic in mice and should be further assessed as a potential candidate for a vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. In addition, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the GST-TonB2 recombinant protein was developed. Compared with the ApxIVA ELISA, the TonB2 ELISA provided earlier detection of antibodies in pigs at various times after vaccination with A. pleuropneumoniae live attenuated vaccine. When compared with an indirect hemagglutination test, the sensitivity and specificity of the TonB2 ELISA were 95% and 88%, respectively. The TonB2 ELISA provides an alternative method for rapid serologic diagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae infection through antibody screening, which would be especially useful when the infection status or serovar is unknown.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Using Art Therapy with Pediatric Oncology Patients

Current Canadian statistics from the National Cancer Centre Institute of Canada (1996) [2] show that approximately 800 children under the age of fifteen are diagnosed with some form of cancer each year. Almost 200 of these children will die. Cancer, surprisingly, is the second leading cause of death in children. Since 1960, the survival rate has grown from approximately 25 percent to roughly 70 percent. Unfortunately, the incidence rate has also increased by 4 percent, which translates yearly to about one child per 100,000 being diagnosed with some form of cancer.

Topic: Art Therapy and Mental Health
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
None legible

Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: C2014 Catalog number: C-3120 Other IDs from the record include: (C2014)

Topic: Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences