jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increase in Plasma Folate Levels of Rabbits after Phenylhydrazine-hemolysis

On and after the 8th day of a single intramuscular phenylhydrazine injection in rabbits, plasma folate levels increased as compared with those before the in-jection. At that time there was a concomitant increase in urinary excretion of N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, probably N10formyl-dihydrofolate and N10formyltetra.-hydrofolate. This rise in the plasma folate levels after acute hemolysis may be considered as a manifestation of mobilization of folates from the folate store of the liver to the hematopoietic tissue being proliferated by acute blood loss. Tn the case with massive hemolysis there was another transitory rise in the plasma folate on the 3rd day after the injection, and this rise was considered to be directly related to destruction of erythrocytes where L. caseri active materials might be yielded in the circulating blood by the interaction of the plasma factor and folate precursors of erythrocytes.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation and characterization of a pigmentless-conidium mutant of Aspergillus fumigatus with altered conidial surface and reduced virulence

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important pathogen of immunocompromised hosts, causing pneumonia and invasive disseminated disease with high mortality. The factors contributing to the predominance of A. fumigatus as an opportunistic pathogen are largely unknown. Since the survival of conidia in the host is a prerequisite for establishing disease, we have been attempting to identify factors which are associated with conidia and, simultaneously, important for infection. Therefore, an A. fumigatus mutant strain (white [W]) lacking conidial pigmentation was isolated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that conidia of the W mutant also differed in their surface morphology from those of the wild type (WT). Mutant (W) and WT conidia were compared with respect to their capacities to stimulate an oxidative response in human phagocytes, their intracellular survival in human monocytes, and virulence in a murine animal model. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was 10-fold higher when human neutrophils or monocytes were challenged with W conidia compared with WT conidia. Furthermore, mutant conidia were more susceptible to killing by oxidants in vitro and were more efficiently damaged by human monocytes in vitro than WT conidia. In a murine animal model, the W mutant strain showed reduced virulence compared with the WT. A reversion analysis of the W mutant demonstrated that all phenotypes associated with the W mutant, i.e., altered conidial surface, amount of reactive oxygen species release, susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, and reduced virulence in an murine animal model, coreverted in revertants which had regained the ability to produce green spores. This finding strongly suggests that the A. fumigatus mutant described here carries a single mutation which caused all of the observed phenotypes. Our results suggest that the conidium pigment or a structural feature related to it contributes to fungal resistance against host defense mechanisms in A. fumigatus infections.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONS OF A CIVIL SOCIETY ON ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES DURING THE SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETIES (On the materials of Kabardino-Balkariya and Karachaevo-Circassia)

The author of the article considers the process of formation and development of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and their influence on ethno-political processes at various stages of modernization reforms in the post-Soviet Russia, analyzes the formation of regulatory and legal framework of non-commercial organization, the stages of development and the structure of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. The article covers activity of public authorities, local government and social associations of the republics during the period of growth of centrifugal tendencies in the North Caucasus. The author analyzes attempts to realize various forms of self-determination, to conduct administrative and territorial transformations and considers the factors that negatively affect the ethno-political situation in the region. The author of the article presents the activity of republican institutions of civil society: public chambers, cultural and national centers and associations, youth and religious organizations, mass media, and studies the experience of public chambers in holding meetings where topical issues of socio-economic and public life of the republics were discussed, including those aimed at strengthening of ethno-political stability in the region. An effective form of taking into account the public opinion while developing management decisions is the participation of the Public Chamber in conducting public expertise of draft federal and regional laws. Special mention should be made of the activities of the Public Chamber for prevention of religious extremism. The work on generalization of the activities of religious associations for implementation of social programs and projects aimed at increasing the level of culture of interconfessional and interethnic tolerance among young people is to solve this problem. At the same time, there are some factors that impede the development of civil society institutions in the region. First of all, it is low social activity of citizens and the absence of principled civic position on a number of crucial issues. In conclusion, the author determines main perspective directions of the development of civil society institutions in the region.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Iraq and the centrality of policing to state formation

Although saying so makes me feel like the protagonist at the end of a poorly written teen romantic comedy, I have to admit this all started as a joke. Like so many of my (mis)adventures during graduate school, this project found its genesis during a long, rambling conversation in Chris Uggen’s office. Needing a dissertation topic, we were spit-balling ideas in between complaining about various roster issues on the Twins (I assume). While much of my past work focused on the development of police forces historically, we agreed years of archival work was just not for me. Instead, wouldn’t it be a lot more interesting to view the process as it happens? Of course, the only problem being every place you look, there’s already a well-established police force. At some point, Uggen said something to the effect of “well, they’re building a new force in Iraq. Why don’t you just head there? ” after which we both shared a hearty laugh and then more-or-less forgot about it. But as luck would have it, Gabrielle Ferrales joined our department shortly after that and had some connections to folks working in Iraq. After a few years of phone calls, e-mails, and begging people for money, I eventually found myself standing on a concrete training course in the middle of

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
STRONGYLOIDOSIS IN CAPTIVE WHITE-TAILED DEER

From 1963 to 1972 39% of 251 fawns born in a captive herd of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) died with signs attributable to strongyloidosis. At necropsy one typically affected fawn contained 50,000 female Strongyloides in its small intestine. These nematodes and free-living adult females cultured from feces compared morphologically and metrically to S. papillosus. Egg counts on infected fawns varied from 200 to 286,000 eggs per gram of feces. Evidence was obtained that intrauterine transmission of this parasite occurred. The disease was controlled by removing fawns from their mothers shortly after birth and raising them on bottled milk and out of contact with the ground. Fawns were treated with thiabendazole at 6 and at 30-40 days of age and maintained in pens with elevated wooden floors until 8-10 months of age. The original source of the Strongyloides infection in this captive herd and the possible significance of this disease in wild populations of deer are discussed.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Joint Oncogenic Action of Antimetabolites and 3-Methylcholanthrene in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;

More mice developed skin papillomas from application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) if they simultaneously received high doses of iododeoxyuridine, fluorodeoxyuridine, or chloramphenicol, than if they received MCA only. The increase in skin papilloma incidence in the groups given these antimetabolites was approximately twofold. The phenomenon was reproducible in repeated experiments. The differences were statistically significant in the total experience, although they might readily have occurred by pure chance in the individual experiments.

Topic: Biological Activity of Diterpenoids and Biflavonoids
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lenalidomide, Bendamustine, and Rituximab As First-Line Therapy For Patients &gt;65 Years With Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Preliminary Results From The Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL4 (LENA-BERIT) Phase I-II Trial

Abstract Background Mantle cell lymphoma is a disease of the elderly, with a median age of 70 years. Younger patients may be treated with potentially curative treatment including high dose chemotherapy. For elderly patients, however, no standard therapy has been defined. In the current trial, we investigate if the addition of lenalidomide (LEN) to rituximab (R)+bendamustine (B) (B 90 mg/m2 D1-2 and R 375 mg/m2 D1) followed by maintenance with LEN for 7 months may enhance efficacy, with manageable toxicity, for the older population of MCL patients. Methods Eligibility criteria were age &gt; 65 years, or ≤ 65 years, unable to tolerate high dose chemotherapy, with untreated mantle cell lymphoma, stage II-IV. BR was given for 6 cycles q4w. In the phase I part, the MTD of LEN was established as 10 mg days 1-14 during the induction phase, cycles 2-6. Prednisolone 20 mg days 1-14 was given during cycle 2. When LEN was initially given from cycle 1, we encountered unexpected grade III-IV toxicity in the form of cutaneous and allergic reactions. In the maintenance phase, LEN single therapy was given as follows: cycles 7-8 - 10 mg days 1-21, cycles 9-13 - 15 mg days 1-21. Results The trial was concluded June 1, 2013, after inclusion of 51 patients, of whom 24 were in the phase I part. The median age is 72 years. According to MIPI, 55% were high risk. Presently, 29 patients are evaluable for response after 6 cycles LBR. ORR is 28/29 (97%), CR+CRu 23 (79%). 17 out of 28 evaluable patients (61%) were MRD-negative after 6 cycles. After a median follow-up of 18 months, the median PFS has not been reached, and the estimated PFS at 2 years is 74%. Eight patients have died, 3 due disease progression, 3 due to treatment related toxicity, 1 of lung cancer in a heavy smoker, 1 of CMML. Overall survival at 2 years is 87%. Conclusions When omitted in cycle 1, lenalidomide in combination with R-bendamustine is feasible as first-line therapy in older patients with MCL, and is associated with a high response rate, also as assessed by MRD. The long term efficacy of this regimen remains to be established by longer follow-up. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
GYY4137 protects against type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated myocardial autophagy by suppressing FOXO1 signal pathway

<b>Purpose:</b> Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its effective prevention and treatment are still limited. We investigated the effects of GYY4137, a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide donor, and its downstream mediator forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) on T2DM-associated DCM. <b>Methods:</b> <i>In vivo</i>, T2DM mice were induced by a high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin injection. Intragastric administration of GYY4137 was also performed. <i>In vitro</i>, AC16 cardiomyocytes were treated with glucose and palmitate to mimic high-glucose and high-fat (HGHF) conditions, in which GYY4137 or a FOXO1 inhibitor (AS1842856) was also introduced. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using public GEO datasets. <b>Results</b>: GYY4137 demonstrated a protective effect against cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and autophagy in cardiac tissues of T2DM mice. Moreover, GYY4137 alleviated cell injury and lipid accumulation in HGHF-treated AC16 cells. In both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models, hyperactivation of autophagy was dampened by GYY4137. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the potential role of the FOXO pathway and autophagy in DCM. Further experiments showed that GYY4137 rescued diabetes-induced overexpression of FOXO1. AS1842856 displayed a notable capacity to shield cardiomyocytes against diabetes-induced injury similar to that achieved by GYY4137. <b>Conclusion:</b> GYY4137 protected against cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in T2DM mice, and the mechanism might involve suppression of FOXO1-induced autophagy.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Risk Factors for Anemia in Young Children in Rural Malawi

Anemia is an increasingly recognized health problem in African children. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for anemia in young children, we enrolled 252 pregnant women and studied their newborn infants in Mangochi District in southern Malawi. At the first follow-up visit after birth at approximately two months of age, the mean hematocrit value of the 252 infants was 29.5%, and 64 infants (25%) were anemic (hematocrit value < 25%). Placental malaria infection was the strongest risk factor for an infant having anemia at the first follow-up (relative risk = 2.0, P = 0.003). Infants who had Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia at the first follow-up had lower hematocrit values than infants without parasitemia (median 28% versus 31%; P = 0.02). Neither the mother's hematocrit at enrollment, her hematocrit at delivery, sex of the infant, nor fever illness in the infant was associated with having a hematocrit less than 25% at the first follow-up. Although infants with hematocrit values less than 25% were more likely than infants with higher hematocrit values to die during the first year of life, this difference was not statically significant (relative risk = 1.7, P = 0.15). In rural Malawi, anemia commonly affects young infants, is acquired early in life, and is probably a risk factor for death in infancy. Strategies to reduce anemia in infants must address P. falciparum infection, both during pregnancy and in the first few months of life.

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
3D electro-thermal modeling for ESD protection structures in Sub-100nm CMOS

This paper reviews advances in new 31) electro-thermal modeling technique for ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection structures. New 31) ESD device modeling is critical to full-chip ESD protection circuit design synthesis, verification, optimization and prediction, especially for IC designs in sub 100nm CMOS technologies.

Topic: Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Geometrical Defects in Josephson Junction Arrays

Dislocations and disclinations in a lattice of Josephson junctions will affect the dynamics of vortex excitations within the array. These defects effectively distort the space in which the excitations move and interact. The interaction energy between such defects and excitations are determined and vortex trajectories in twisted lattices are calculated. Finally, possible experiments observing these effects are presented.

Topic: Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
POSTERIOR LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION FOR DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS: USING NON STRUCTURAL AUTOGRAFT ALONE VERSUS INTERBODY CAGE WITH AUTOGRAFT

Purpose: To compare two different techniques of inter-body fusion in treatment for single level degenerative spondylolisthesis with symptomatic spinal stenosis.Methods: Retrospective review of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior interbody fusion with and without cages. Between 1996 and 2003 there were 59 patients with single level degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis. Of these 32 were treated with complete laminectomy, interbody grafting and pedicle screw fixation. In the second group of 27 patients, the technique was modified by the incorporation of an interbody cage in an attempt to improve the restoration of lordosis. Both groups were comparable in terms of pathology, age, sex, intraoperative technique and were treated by the same surgeon. All patients were followed up at 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks with radiographs and were assessed for fusion and maintenance of lordosis at a minimum of 1 year.Results: There wa...

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SPECIFICS OF THE ECZEMA PATIENTS` IMMUNE SYSTEM DEPENDING ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF DERMATOSIS.

Conclusions: Eczema patients should be subjected to valuation of cellular components of the systemic immunity and autoimmune profile. The CD8 + count of eczema patients can serve as one of the "conditional markers" of a degree of involvement of systemic immunity in the progression of eczema. Therapy of eczema patients should include medicines that possess a wide range of immunomodulatory effect.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of optical fibre humidity sensors for assessing the quality of housing insulation materials

A fibre optic-based relative humidity (RH) sensing system has been developed for assessing the qualities of housing insulation materials, based on a Polyimide (PI)-coated Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) device. This forms the key moisture sensitive element, allowing a carefully-designed and packaged sensor system to be fabricated, evaluated and calibrated, creating the robustness and reusability needed. Following calibration, the system performance evaluated on a range of commercial housing insulation materials shows excellent performance in establishing the key moisture-transport parameters of the materials routinely used by structural engineers. Cross-sensitivity issues are addressed allowing the RH sensor system to operate over a wide range of RH level experienced normally in this application. A sensitivity of 1.1 pm/%RH, with low hysteresis from a ruggedized sensor, is observed.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Persistent wage and profit rate differentials

The long-period analysis presented up to now has been subject to a set of simplifying assumptions, two of which will be weakened in the present chapter. This concerns, first, the assumption that labor is homogeneous and, second, the hypothesis that there is a uniform rate of profit throughout the economy. This second concept was motivated in Chapter 1 in terms of a tendency toward an equalization of the rates of return in different employments of capital in conditions of free competition due to the cost-minimizing behavior of producers. In that chapter it was also pointed out that the classical economists saw factors at work that accounted for persistent inequalities in wage and profit rates. In this chapter we will follow them and take into consideration different qualities of labor and different employments of the same quality of labor as well as different employments of capital, where the differences in quality or employment generally give rise to differences in the ordinary wage rates and rates of profit of the different labors and capitals. Hence, a major concern in this chapter will be with discussing some of the main factors determining wage and profit rate differentials in a long-period position.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification of the zinc finger 216 (ZNF216) in human carcinoma cells: a potential regulator of EGFR activity

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) proteins, is aberrantly expressed or deregulated in tumors and plays pivotal roles in cancer onset and metastatic progression. ZNF216 gene has been identified as one of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) induced by RTKs. Overexpression of ZNF216 protein sensitizes 293 cell line to TNF-α induced apoptosis. However, ZNF216 overexpression has been reported in medulloblastomas and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Thus, the role of this protein is still not clearly understood. In this study, the inverse correlation between EGFR and ZNF216 expression was confirmed in various human cancer cell lines differently expressing EGFR. EGF treatment of NIH3T3 cells overexpressing both EGFR and ZNF216 (NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216), induced a long lasting activation of EGFR in the cytosolic fraction and an accumulation of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) more in the nuclear than in the cytosolic fraction compared to NIH3T3-EGFR cells. Moreover, EGF was able to stimulate an increased expression of ZNF216 in the cytosolic compartment and its nuclear translocation in a time-dependent manner in NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216. A similar trend was observed in A431 cells endogenously expressing the EGFR and transfected with Znf216. The increased levels of pEGFR and ZNF216 in the nuclear fraction of NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216 cells were paralleled by increased levels of phospho-MAPK and phospho-Akt. Surprisingly, EGF treatment of NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216 cells induced a significant increase of apoptosis thus indicating that ZNF216 could sensitize cells to EGF-induced apoptosis and suggesting that it may be involved in the regulation and effects of EGFR signaling.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences