jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Elective colon surgery according to a 'fast-track' programme].

In fast-track surgical programmes, a variety ofperioperative elements are combined in an intensive multidisciplinary approach for the purpose of preserving the preoperative body composition and organ functions and actively stimulating functional recovery. Such programmes have already been introduced in several surgical procedures. The essence of fast-track colon surgery consists of extensive preoperative counselling, adequate preoperative nutrition with the avoidance of prolonged fasting, a minimum of invasive procedures and anaesthesia, no routine use of drains and nasogastric tubes, adequate perioperative analgesia encompassing high thoracic epidural anaesthesia, rapid mobilisation, rapid resumption of postoperative feeding, and medicinal support with prokinetics and laxatives. A systematic review shows that this programme accelerates recovery and hence shortens the primary and total hospital stay.

Topic: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Manchester: Skills, Devolution and Accountability?

Skills policy has consistently played a central part in Greater Manchester's (GM) vision for devolution. From New Labour in the late 1990s to the Conservatives following their General Election victory in May 2015, GM's leaders have lobbied Westminster for devolved powers over a wide range of areas. Skills policy and funding has been at the heart of this vision for the city and its wider region. This paper explores the rationale for doing so as well as providing an account of how decisions have been made at both the local and national level. Key players and policy moments are described as this is an account of 'policy actors' and 'policy windows'. From Sir Howard Bernstein and Sir Richard Leese to Tony Blair and George Osborne, this has been a story of preparation and persistence but also of the identification and seizing of key moments and opportunities. The paper also considers the present and the approaching future, the precise powers that are now being established and the new models of democratic accountability that surround them. Ultimately, the paper asks whether either are enough?

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microfluidic-assisted cyclic mechanical stimulation affects cellular membrane integrity in a human muscular dystrophy in vitro model

The development of a microfluidic-based cell stretching device allows to investigate membrane permeability during cyclic mechanical stimulation in a human Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy skeletal muscle<italic>in vitro</italic>model.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Molecular Consequences of Genetic Variations in the Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Selenoenzyme

Abstract Accumulating data have implicated the selenium-containing cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, GPx-1, as a determinant of cancer risk and a mediator of the chemopreventive properties of selenium. Genetic variants of GPx-1 have been shown to be associated with cancer risk for several types of malignancies. To investigate the relationship between GPx-1 enzyme activity and genotype, we measured GPx-1 enzyme activity and protein levels in human lymphocytes as a function of the presence of two common variations: a leucine/proline polymorphism at codon 198 and a variable number of alanine-repeat codons. Differences in GPx activity among these cell lines, as well as in the response to the low-level supplementation of the media with selenium, indicated that factors other than just genotype are significant in determining activity. To restrict the study to genotypic effects, human MCF-7 cells were engineered to exclusively express allelic variants representing a combination of either a codon 198 leucine or proline and either 5 or 7 alanine-repeat codons following transfection of GPx-1 expression constructs. Transfectants were selected and analyzed for GPx-1 enzyme activity and protein levels. GPx-1 with 5 alanines and a leucine at codon 198 showed a significantly higher induction when cells were incubated with selenium and showed a distinct pattern of thermal denaturation as compared with GPx-1 encoded by the other examined alleles. The collective data obtained using both lymphocytes and MCF-7 indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors cooperate to ultimately determine the levels of this enzyme available to protect cells against DNA damage and mutagenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(20):8183–90]

Topic: Selenium in Biological Systems
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Serial 103.125-Gb/s Transmission over 1 km SSMF for Low-Cost, Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

Single-wavelength, serial 103.125-Gb/s transmission over 1 km SSMF is demonstrated using intensity-modulation and direct-detection. The high-speed on-off-keying transmit signal is severely bandwidth-limited by the transmission channel but reliably detected as an electrical duo-binary signal.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
P516: ADULT LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS WITH THYROID GLAND INVOLVEMENT: CLINICAL PRESENTATION, GENOMIC ANALYSIS AND OUTCOME

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, clonal disorder derived from CD1a-positive and CD207-positive immature myeloid dendritic cells. The clinical presentations and outcomes of LCH are extremely variable. Thyroid gland involvement is rare, and solitary thyroid gland involvement with LCH is extremely rare, with most cases presenting as part of multisystem disease.Until now, little information exists on the genomic analysis of LCH with thyroid gland involvement with or without coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma. Aims: To evaluate the characteristics and treatment outcomes of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) patients with thyroid involvement. Methods: We retrospectively described the clinical, biological, and genomic characteristics of a series of 36 LCH patients with thyroid involvement in our centre between January 2001 and December 2021. Results: We retrospectively described the clinical, biological, and genomic characteristics of a series of 36 LCH patients with thyroid involvement in our centre between January 2001 and December 2021. At the time of diagnosis, only 1 patient was classified as having single-system LCH, and 35 patients were classified as having multisystem (MS) LCH. Three patients had coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma. Patients with thyroid gland involvement had higher frequencies of pituitary (88.6% vs. 53.4%, P<0.001), liver (45.7% vs. 20.7%, P=0.003) and lymph node (54.3% vs. 31.6%, P=0.012) involvement and a lower frequency of bone (45.7% vs. 72.0%, P=0.003) involvement than patients without thyroid gland involvement. Sixteen patients had abnormal thyroid function, including 9 patients with primary hypothyroidism, 1 patient with central hypothyroidism, and 6 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. BRAFV600E, BRAFN486_P490 and MAP2K1 mutations were detected in 14.3%, 57.1% and 7.1% of patients, respectively. After a 43-month median follow-up, none of the patients died, and 15 patients experienced reactivation. The median event free survival was 37.5 months. Two of 6 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had normal thyroid function, and 12 patients still had hypothyroidism after treatment. Summary/Conclusion: As the largest adult LCH cohort with thyroid gland involvement to date, we found that patients with thyroid gland involvement had different clinical characteristics, genetic profiles and outcomes than patients without thyroid gland involvement.

Topic: Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Another link in the chain

The discovery of HFE, the gene most commonly mutated in hereditary hemochromatosis, led to the optimistic view that the molecular chain of events regulating iron homeostasis would soon be defined.[1][1] The chain is still incomplete 7 years later. In this issue, 2 papers provide a new link. The

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vaccinia virus virulence factor N1 can be ubiquitylated on multiple lysine residues

Ubiquitylation is a covalent post-translational modification that regulates protein stability and is involved in many biological functions. Proteins may be modified with mono-ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains. Viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to perturb the cell ubiquitin system and manipulate it to their own benefit. Here, we report ubiquitylation of vaccinia virus (VACV) protein N1. N1 is an inhibitor of the nuclear factor NF-κB and apoptosis that contributes to virulence, has a Bcl-2-like fold, and is highly conserved amongst orthopoxviruses. The interaction between N1 and ubiquitin occurs at endogenous protein levels during VACV infection and following ectopic expression of N1. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that N1 is covalently ubiquitylated, and heterodimers of ubiquitylated and non-ubiquitylated N1 monomers were identified, suggesting that ubiquitylation does not inhibit N1 dimerization. Studies with other VACV Bcl-2 proteins, such as C6 or B14, revealed that although these proteins also interact with ubiquitin, these interactions are non-covalent. Finally, mutagenesis of N1 showed that ubiquitylation occurs in a conventional lysine-dependent manner at multiple acceptor sites because only an N1 allele devoid of lysine residues remained unmodified. Taken together, we described a previously uncharacterized modification of the VACV protein N1 that provided a new layer of complexity to the biology of this virulence factor, and provided another example of the intricate interplay between poxviruses and the host ubiquitin system.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The First Quarto of King Henry V

The Quarto text of Henry V is of unique importance. It is the first and probably the only text of a Shakespeare play which provides the playscript corresponding to the version that was actually performed by Shakespeare's own company. It has the authority of being transcribed by actors in the company as a record of their original staging at the Globe in 1599. The quarto version differs radically from the First Folio text which is used as the source for all other editions. Half as long as the Folio, it represents a practical staging text that streamlined the script supplied by Shakespeare. This edition of the Henry V quarto provides a modernized text alongside the extensive commentary. Andrew Gurr examines each variant from the Folio text in detail, shedding new light on what happened to scripts that the Shakespeare company bought from their resident playwright.

Topic: Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Literary Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Grounded Theory as an Approach for Exploring the Effect of Cultural Memory on Psychosocial Well-Being in Historic Urban Landscapes

Although grounded theory (GT) has emerged as a popular research approach across multiple areas of social science, it has been less widely taken up by researchers working in the fields of urban planning and design. The application of GT enables uniquely innovative insights to be gained from qualitative data, but it has attracted criticism and brings its own challenges. This paper proposes a methodology that could be applied by other researchers in the field of urban research. Utilising constructivist GT as a qualitative approach, this research investigates how cultural memory impacts the psychosocial well-being and quality of life (QoL) of users of, and visitors to, historic urban landscapes (HULs). Based on the findings, it can be posited that the application of GT yields a rich and nuanced understanding of how users of HULs experience the settings in which they live, and the impact and significance on human psychosocial well-being of the cultural memories incarnated within such settings. The current paper also contends that GT enables researchers studying the built environment to construct inductively based theories. Lastly, the practical implications of developing GT for application to HUL management are discussed, both in regard to how users experience the contexts in which they live and the impact of such contexts on well-being and quality of life.

Topic: Place Attachment and Urban Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of Corn Stover Structural Properties for Mechanical Processing Applications

The research objective of this study is to examine the behavior of chopped corn stover biomass as it undergoes a variety of mechanical loading conditions. Biomass materials, including corn stover, have unique properties that make it challenging to effectively and efficiently feed into thermochemical conversion systems that produce biofuels and bioproducts. These properties include large particle size, fibrous structure, and low density, to name a few. The most common difficulty in creating a system like this for corn stover is plugging within mechanical and pneumatic feeding systems. It is hypothesized that the material properties of fibrous corn stover contribute to its flowability characteristics. By placing different corn stover samples under varying loading conditions, the spectrum of physical properties of this fibrous agricultural residue can be better understood to analyze these previous issues. First, several corn stalk samples were placed in a three-point bending apparatus in order to analyze the energy requirements to chop a stalk, as well as to obtain a quantitative value for the fiber strength and resistance. This is important to make chopping operations more efficient. Then, a bulk solid shearing test was performed in order to determine some of the fluid-like properties associated with chopped biomass, such as internal friction. This is one of the properties that lead to consistent plugging in a piping system. By combining these two tests with future studies, a material database can be created for fibrous corn stover in order to better understand their flow and feeding characteristics.

Topic: Biofuel production and bioconversion
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reactions at Work and Their Influence on Nonwork Activities: An Analysis of a Sociopolitical Problem in Affluent Societies

Traditional ways of organizing work in industrialized societies are in conflict with basic human needs related to creativity, influence, and growth. This conflict seems to affect adversely not only work satisfaction and job and labor-market behavior, but also participation in and rewardsfrom nonwork activities such as participation in organized cultural, political, and educational activities. Evidence is also given for adverse effects on selfesteem and mental health. The advance of the Welfare State is seen as the materialfoundation making possible the present change in work values and expectations, calling for increased worker influence on different levels in the production system and for an increased quality of working life. At the same time, however, increased expectations are made toward the quality of nonwork activities and toward greater equality between sexes and generations, e.g., in relation tofamily duties, education, and labor-market opportunities. These value changes callfor a broader approach to social change in working life than is generally implied in sociotechnical approaches to job design and organization of work, including also such issues as shorter working hours, more flexible career patterns, and greater flexibility in the relation between work, family, and nonwork activities.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Test of Clean Air Act Assessment Package-1988 predictions of Oxidized Tritium for Los Alamos National Laboratory

remediation efforts to include hand/digging, standard hand auger/sampling, excavation using machinery such as backhoe and front end loader and small drill rig. Heavy equipment will traverse the floodplain and spoils piles will be staged in the floodplain within developed or previously disturbed areas (e.g., existing paved roads and parking areas). The project will utilize and maintain appropriate best management practices (BMPs) to contain excavated materials, and all pollutants, including oil from machinery/vehicles. The project will stabilize disturbed areas as appropriate at the end of the project.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Linguistic Loneliness and Study Abroad

This article considers the conflict between students’ desire to improve their target language skills and their desire for belonging and community . The stud y, conducted over three years, examines student perceptions of barriers to target language gain during semester long study abroad. Participants completed surveys, took the Versant Language Test before and after their study abroad experience, and partici pated in a post program interview . Results suggest that students experience conflicting priorities in decisions governing native language versus target language use during study abroad. Although some persist in speaking the target language with their co national peers, they find it unsatisfying because they are unable to meet their social needs . Valuing relationships over linguistic improvements, students resort to speaking their native language among themselves during study abroad . The research ers suggest strategies for how to best prepare students to reconcile these tensions.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
To Sleep, Perchance to Dream: Ay, There's the Rub

Sleep is a complex physiological process essential to sustain life. Very little is known about why we sleep, although evidence of the harmful effects of sleep disturbance to our health is rapidly emerging. Sleep disturbance is a distinct and debilitating symptom of shoulder pathology. The important relationship between sleep and pain is only beginning to be appreciated, and the physiological process underlying this feature in shoulder pain remains elusive. A number of theories have been explored; however, there is still no adequate solution to address this important symptom in painful conditions of the shoulder.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A fulminant case of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A diagnostic dilemma of Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive large B‐cell neoplasms

We report a fulminant case of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). The patient died only approximately 2 months after the onset of subjective symptoms. Autopsy specimens revealed atypical cells resembling Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (HRS) cells in a rich inflammatory background in various organs. There were marked, characteristic angiodestructive lesions from infiltrating HRS‐like cells and numerous macrophages. The HRS‐like cells were infected with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), immunohistochemically positive for PAX5 and CD30, and negative for CD3, CD20, and ALK. Most B‐cell markers other than PAX5 were negative, and the HRS‐like cells also expressed cytotoxic molecules. Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain was detected by PCR analysis. According to the 2016 WHO classification, we diagnosed mixed cellularity CHL. However, EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified and EBV‐positive B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between DLBCL and CHL were considered as differential diagnoses because both tumors are aggressive EBV‐positive large B‐cell neoplasms with reactive inflammatory cells and sometimes contains HRS‐like cells. The clinical condition of the current case was closer to these two entities than to CHL. A diagnosis of EBV‐positive large B‐cell neoplasms was difficult because of overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics, but should be considered for prognosis.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sufficient Condition for Min-Plus Deconvolution to Be Closed in the Service-Curve Set in Computer Networks

Abstract — This paper studies the inverse of min-plus convolution, i.e., min-plus deconvolution, in the set of non-negative, wide-sense increasing and causal functions. A sufficient condition for min-plus deconvolution to be closed in this set of functions is presented. Possible application of min-plus deconvolution to the service curve design is discussed. Keywords — Min-plus convolution, inverse problem, computer networks, real-time communications.

Topic: Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
FUSIFORM-SHAPED NODULES ALONG THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DEMONSTRATED BY FOLLOW-UP SONOGRAPHY WITHIN THE DISSECTED NECK AREA IN PATINTS WITH ORAL CANCER

口腔癌の頸部郭清術後の超音波診断 (以下US) による経過観察において, 頸動脈分岐部の上方のレベルで内頸動脈に沿って上下に長い紡錘形の結節状構造が認められる場合がある。今回われわれは, この結節状構造の出現頻度と画像所見について, 頸部郭清術が施行された口腔癌35症例を対象に経過観察USとCT, MRI所見をretrospectiveに検討した。その結果, US上, 結節状構造が認められたのは, 52症例中10症例 (19%) であった。USでは, 上下に長い紡錘形の低エコー構造として描出され, 中心部には明瞭な高エコーの芯が認められた。CTでは, 中心部の芯は脂肪のdensityであった。MRIでは, T2強調画像にてリンパ節と同程度の高信号を呈し, 造影される結節状構造として認められ, 中心部の芯は脂肪抑制画像で低信号であった。この結節状構造は, 局在部位からみて, 交感神経幹の上頸神経節が描出されている可能性が示唆された。

Topic: Ear and Head Tumors
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimal Motion Generation of a Flexible Macro-micro Manipulator System Using Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network

In this paper, a new approach to solve the inverse kinematics of a flexible macro-micro manipulator system is proposed. The macro-micro manipulator system consists of a macro flexible manipulator, and a micro rigid manipulator which is used to compensate for the errors at the tip of the system. Apparently, such a macro-micro system is a redundant system, of which the inverse kinematics remains challenging, with no generic solution to date. Here, optimal joint motions, namely the manipulator system configuration, are generated using a genetic algorithm and a neural network. A fitness function is dedicated to the genetic algorithm to optimize the discrete solution of the inverse kinematics of the manipulator system. Then the discrete solution is further generalized by a forward neural network. A new compensability measure is defined in this paper. The proposed approach shows excellent performance on error compensation, as demonstrated by the simulation results

Topic: Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences