jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Visual distraction and visuo‐spatial memory: A sandwich effect

The functional characteristics of visuo‐spatial serial memory and its sensitivity to irrelevant visual information are examined in the present study, through the investigation of the sandwich effect (e.g., Hitch, 1975). The memory task was one of serial recall for the position of a sequence of seven spatially and temporally separated dots. The presence of irrelevant dots interpolated with to‐be‐remembered dots affected performance over most serial positions (Experiment 1) but that effect was significantly reduced when the interpolated dots were distinct from the to‐be‐remembered dots by colour and shape (Experiment 2). Parallels are made between verbal and spatial serial memory, and the reduction of the sandwich effect is discussed in terms of the contribution of perceptual organisation and attentional factors in short‐term memory.

Topic: Spatial Cognition and Navigation
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Problem Drug Use and the Political Economy of Urban Restructuring: Heroin, Class and Governance in Dublin

This paper offers an exploration of problem drug use in the urban environment, connecting with broader concerns about the progress and contradictions of city redevelopment and change. The paper concludes with some considerations about the place and meaning of problem drug use in the city based on the foregoing theoretical and empirical discussion.

Topic: Urban Planning and Governance
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simple universal curve for the energy‐dependent electron attenuation length for all materials

An analysis is presented for a simple, universal equation for the computation of attenuation lengths ( L ) for any material, necessary for quantifying layer thicknesses in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Attenuation lengths for selected materials may be computed from the inelastic mean free path ( λ Opt ) computed, in turn, from optical data. The computation of L involves the transport mean free path and gives good L values where values of λ Opt are available. However, λ Opt values are not available for all materials. Instead, λ may be calculated from the TPP‐2M relation, but this requires the accurate estimation of a number of materials parameters that vary over a wide range. Although these procedures are all soundly based, they are impractical in many analytical situations. L is therefore simply reexpressed, here, in terms of the average Z of the layer which may be deduced from the AES or XPS analysis, the average atomic size a (varies in a small range) and the kinetic energy E of the emitted electron. For strongly bonded materials, such as oxides and alkali halides, a small extra term is included for the heat of formation. A new equation, S3, is established with a root mean square (RMS) deviation of 8% compared with the values of attenuation length calculated from λ Opt available for elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds. This excellent result is suitable for practical analysis. In many films, an average value of a of 0.25 nm is appropriate, and then L may be expressed only in terms of the average Z and E . Then, L expressed in monolayers, equation S4, exhibits an RMS deviation of 9% for many elements. These results are valid for the energy range 100 to 30 000 eV and for angles of emission up to 65°. Copyright © 2012 Crown copyright.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
STANDARDS OF CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE AND ROLE DELINEATIONS IN THE GASTROENTEROLOGY SETTING

Bocian, Susan MSN, BSN, RN; Loyola, Chair Midolie MSN, RN, CGRN; Co-Chair; Benitez-Romero, Marcela BSN, MBA, RN, CGRN; Friis, Cynthia M. MEd, BSN, RN-BC; Granato, Amy MSN, RN, CGRN; Penberthy, Jeanine MSN, RN, CGRN; Selking, Susan BSN, RN, CGRN; Wahinehookae, Christine BSN, RN, CGRN, CFER; SGNA Practice Committee 2018-2019 Author Information

Topic: Nursing Roles and Practices
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Evidence suggesting that the ARS elements associated with silencers of the yeast mating-type locus HML do not function as chromosomal DNA replication origins.

The silent mating-type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HML and HMR, are flanked by transcriptional silencers that have ARS activity (i.e., they function as replication origins when in plasmids). To test whether these ARS elements are chromosomal origins, we mapped origins near HML (close to the left telomere of chromosome III). Our results indicate that the HML-associated ARS elements either do not function as chromosomal replication origins or do so at a frequency below our detection level, suggesting that replication from a silencer-associated origin in each S phase is not essential for the maintenance of transcriptional repression at HML. Our results also imply that the ability of a DNA fragment to function as an ARS element in a plasmid does not ensure its ability to function as an efficient chromosomal replication origin. Telomere proximity is not responsible for inactivating these ARS elements, because they are not detectably functional as chromosomal origins even in genetically modified strains in which they are far from the telomere.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Changes of Tyramine during Storage and Spoilage of Anchovies

ABSTRACT A study was carried out on the evolution of tyramine throughout storage and spoilage at two different temperatures of canned anchovy semi‐preserves and anchovy homogenates. During storage an increase occurred in tyramine until a maximum concentration was reached, after which it began to decrease. The storage temperature did not significantly influence the maximum tyramine content reached, though refrigeration temperatures delayed the start of the increase. Determination of tyramine was not a good parameter for establishing the conservation or spoilage status of anchovies.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of <i>Ganoderma resinaceum</i> (Boud) fruiting bodies extracts

Introduction: Ganoderma resinaceum is used to treat oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases such as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different extracts from G. resinaceum fruiting bodies. Methods: Aqueous crude (GRT), mycelial (MYC), exopolysaccharide (EPS I, EPS II) and water-soluble polysaccharide-rich (GRP I and GRP II) extracts of G. resinaceum were assessed for their free radical scavenging and metal chelating ions assays. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by stabilization of erythrocytes’ membranes and protein denaturation assays. For the in vivo study, paw oedema was induced by administration of κ-carrageenan (0.1 mL; 1%) to male Wistar rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. Animals were pre-treated with G. resinaceum extracts (125 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg). Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels were determined, and histological analysis of paw tissue was performed. Results: G. resinaceum polysaccharide-rich extracts (GRP I and GRP II) showed the best bioactivities. They scavenged DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzylthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and NO (nitric oxide) radicals, and chelated ferrous ions, stabilized murine erythrocyte membranes, and inhibited protein denaturation. At 125 mg/kg, GRP I and GRP II restored the microarchitecture with a weak infiltration of immune cells in the subcutaneous tissues. Moreover, they decreased the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines growth colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), chemokines (eotaxin, fractalkine) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12p70). Conclusion: G. resinaceum polysaccharide extracts could be potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory agents.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Irish administration, 1801–1914. By R. B. McDowell. Pp. xi. 328. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1964. 50s. (Studies in Irish History, second series, ed. T. W Moody, J. C. Beckett, and T. D williams, vol. ii)

The Irish administration, 1801–1914. By R. B. McDowell. Pp. xi. 328. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1964. 50s. (Studies in Irish History, second series, ed. T. W Moody, J. C. Beckett, and T. D williams, vol. ii) - Volume 14 Issue 55

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Learning the Elsewhere of ‘Inner Space’

How is access to the Elsewhere facilitated through affective pedagogy in a contemporary Sufi setting in Germany? This article draws analytical lessons from Inayati healing seminars that took place in the summer of 2013. Participants were instructed to feel the Elsewhere of ‘inner space’ in the material/corporeal realities by attuning to breath, sonic resonance, collective movement, and attentive listening. The affective pedagogy of the teacher extended the spatial-temporal coordinates of the Elsewhere (as framed by Mittermaier) to include ‘fleeting affects’ among its unknown elements. These pedagogic tactics entangled religious and secular life-worlds with aesthetic and therapeutic traditions. Learning to feel the unknown affects emanating from the Elsewhere in this setting aimed to provide existential resources to cope with the everyday struggles of post-secular life.

Topic: Religion, Theology, and Education
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Gouverner la ville avec des milieux « communautaires ». Construction et légitimation des « communautés » gagnantes dans l’espace public marseillais

The celebration of the melting pot and cosmopolitanism of Marseilles and "communities" coexisting peacefully became in the 1990s and 2000s a powerful vehicle of social representations through the local, national and foreign media, literature, music and artistic disciplines, political institutions, the common discourse, and social sciences. According to these words, so there would be in Marseille "communities" whose statement of their peaceful coexistence would be the natural complement cosmopolitanism. The invention of the Marseilles cosmopolitanism and "communities" in their peacemaking and consensual form conceals however that all the "communities" are not constructed and legitimated in the same way by association-community actors and do not receive the same benefits and recognition by political and institutional authorities.

Topic: French Urban and Social Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Implementing a Care Plan for Adults with Diabetes in Primary Care

The purpose of this DNP scholarly project was to improve the documentation of key elements of Diabetes (DM) care during follow-up visits in a primary care clinic. The project also sought to improve the workflow of DM follow-up visits and assist with clinical decision making at the point of care. An extensive literature review found that clinical decision support systems (CDS) have the potential to improve care of DM patients. Using the American Diabetes Associationâ€™s (2018) Standards of Care Guidelines, a care plan template was developed as a CDS in the electronic health record (EHR) that was implemented during follow-up visits. The care plan was implemented into the EHR each week for DM follow-up patients, chart reviews were performed, and the documentation completeness was recorded in a chart audit tool. The care plan template improved documentation compliance in nine out of ten DM care categories ranging from 16% to 78% depending on the category. There were also subjective reports from the provider of improved workflow and assistance with CDS with the use of the care plan. Care plan templates have the potential to improve documentation if implemented in the EHR. Improving documentation can decrease reimbursement delays from insurance companies and may increase incentive payments for certain clinics that qualify. Future projects should focus on evaluating the impact on clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness with the use of care plans in primary care. To improve efficiency, it is recommended that the care plan template be developed into a computerized CDS.

Topic: Chronic Disease Management Strategies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Remittances on Poverty in the Emerging Countries of the European Union

In this paper we study the evolution of remittances and risk of poverty threshold for nine emerging countries in the European Union and analyzed the evolution and trend of the share of remittances in the risk of poverty threshold. The analysis was performed on data taken from the Eurostat database for the period 2005–2017. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the evolution of both remittances and risk of poverty threshold was heavily influenced by the global economic crisis. Although after the crisis, the risk of poverty threshold has seen a growing trend in all emerging countries, the remittances have experienced sinuous variations, dramatic declines for some of the countries (drastically for Romania and Latvia) and significant increases for others (Hungary). The results of the analysis using time-dependent regression models lead to the conclusion that, although the share of remittances in risk of poverty threshold diminished abruptly after the 2009 economic crisis, in the short term it is expected to maintain a growth trend for most of the analyzed countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia), followed downward tendency after 2018 for Bulgaria and Romania, and after 2020 for Hungary and Lithuania. For Latvia and Estonia, both quadratic and cubic models estimate a decreasing evolution.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Jejunal diverticulosis: case report of a rare cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction.

Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare condition and usually discovered incidentally at laparotomy for an unrelated pathology. When inflamed or perforated, jejunal diverticulosis may present with paralytic ileus. In contrast, mechanical bowel obstruction is an unusual presentation. This paper reports the first local case of jejunal diverticulosis presenting with mechanical bowel obstruction due to impaction at the terminal ileum by an enterolith originating from a diverticulum, and reviews the recent literature on the subject.

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Materialized View Selection Scheme for enhancing RDF Query Performance

시맨틱 웹의 발전과 함께 RDF 데이터에 대한 사용이 증가되고 있다. RDF 데이터는 트리플로 구성되어 있으며 질의 처리 시 높은 조인 비용이 요구된다. 실체 뷰는 질의 처리 비용을 감소시키는 기법으로 알려져 있다. 실체 뷰는 질의 처리의 결과 또는 중간 결과를 저장 공간 내부에 물리적으로 저장하여 질의 처리 시 전체 데이터베이스의 접근이 아닌 실체 뷰의 접근으로 질의를 처리한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 의사 결정 트리를 사용하여 실체 뷰를 선택한다. 제안하는 기법은 의사 결정 트리를 통해 질의 처리시간뿐만 아니라 실체 뷰의 크기 및 유지비용을 고려한다. 성능평가를 통해 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 제한된 저장 공간에서의 실체 뷰는 증가하였고 동일 개수의 실체 뷰의 유지비용은 감소함을 보인다. With the development of the semantic web, a large amount of data being produced nowadays is in RDF format. RDF is represented by a triple. An RDF database consisting of triples requires the high cost of join query processing. Materialized view is known as a scheme to reduce the query processing cost by accessing materialized views without accessing the database. It is physically stored the results or the intermediate results of the query processing in a storage area. In this paper, we propose a materialized view selection scheme by using decision tree to solve such a problem. The decision tree considers the size and maintenance costs of the materialized view as well as the profit of query response times. It is shown through performance evaluation that the proposed scheme increases the number of materialized views in the limited storage space and decreases the update rates of the materialized views.

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fit in buyer-supplier relationships : Examining compatibility and complementarity of culture, operations and resources in satisfactory buyer-supplier relationships

Purchasing function can aim to satisfy suppliers to obtain a preferred customer status with important suppliers to receive a preferential treatment. This research examines whether cultural compatibility, operational compatibility and resource complementarity of buyer and supplier do influence the supplier’s perception of the buyer and lead to a preferred customer status. A differentiation between direct and indirect procurement is made. The results show that cultural compatibility is an important influencing factor for achieving supplier satisfaction. Operational compatibility has shown an effect on preferred customer status in the context of indirect procurement, whereas resource complementarity has an effect for direct procurement.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Estradiol Treatment Initiated Early After Ovariectomy Regulates Myocardial Gene Expression and Inhibits Diastolic Dysfunction in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys: Potential Roles for Calcium Homeostasis and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Background Left ventricular ( LV ) diastolic dysfunction often precedes heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the dominant form of heart failure in postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oral estradiol treatment initiated early after ovariectomy on LV function and myocardial gene expression in female cynomolgus macaques. Methods and Results Monkeys were ovariectomized and randomized to receive placebo (control) or oral estradiol at a human‐equivalent dose of 1 mg/day for 8 months. Monkeys then underwent conventional and tissue Doppler imaging to assess cardiac function, followed by transcriptomic and histomorphometric analyses of LV myocardium. Age, body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate were similar between groups. Echocardiographic mitral early and late inflow velocities, mitral annular velocities, and mitral E deceleration slope were higher in estradiol monkeys (all P &lt;0.05), despite similar estimated LV filling pressure. MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and LV collagen staining were lower in estradiol animals ( P &lt;0.05). Microarray analysis revealed differential myocardial expression of 40 genes (&gt;1.2‐fold change; false discovery rate, P &lt;0.05) in estradiol animals relative to controls, which implicated pathways associated with better calcium ion homeostasis and muscle contraction and lower extracellular matrix deposition ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions Estradiol treatment initiated soon after ovariectomy resulted in enhanced LV diastolic function, and altered myocardial gene expression towards decreased extracellular matrix deposition, improved myocardial contraction, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting that estradiol directly or indirectly modulates the myocardial transcriptome to preserve cardiovascular function.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimation and application of latent variable models in categorical data analysis

Bartholomew (1980, 1984 a ) has laid down a foundation for factor analysis based on latent variable models. Shea (1984, 1985) has provided computer programs for estimating one‐factor latent variable models when responses are binary or polytomous variables. However, the programs have limitations on number of variables and the sample size, which limits their applicability, especially when variables are polytomous. However, the more important limitation is that it is not possible to use two‐factor models when one‐factor models are not adequate. Here, we have gone further and successfully obtained maximum likelihood estimates for both the one‐factor and two‐factor latent variable models for binary and polytomous variables. The new algorithm is much faster because of careful and efficient programming. More importantly, generalization to high latent domensions is straightforward. Formal hypothesis testing is very difficult when variables are very large in number. However, we have shown in our examples that some interesting graphical interpretations can be made.

Topic: Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Factors for Persistent Diarrhoea and Malnutrition in Burmese Children II: Behaviour Related to Feeding and Hand Washing

Journal Article Risk Factors for Persistent Diarrhoea and Malnutrition in Burmese Children II: Behaviour Related to Feeding and Hand Washing Get access Khin-Maung-U, MD, Khin-Maung-U, MD *Clinical Research Division, Department of Medical ResearchYangon, Myanmar(Burma) Khin-Maung-U, Department of Pediatrics, International Institute for Infant Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Mail Stop 402, Hahnemann University, Broad and Vine Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Myo-Khin, MBBS, Myo-Khin, MBBS *Clinical Research Division, Department of Medical ResearchYangon, Myanmar(Burma) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nyunt-Nyunt-Wai, MMedSc, Nyunt-Nyunt-Wai, MMedSc *Clinical Research Division, Department of Medical ResearchYangon, Myanmar(Burma) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nyi-Win-Hman, PhD, Nyi-Win-Hman, PhD **Psychology Department, University of YangonMyanmar(Burma) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thein-Thein-Myint, FRCP, Thein-Thein-Myint, FRCP ***Child Health Department, Institute of Medicine (2), North Okkalapa General HospitalYangon, Myanmar(Burma) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. C. Butler, MD T. C. Butler, MD †Department of Medicine, Texas Tech, University Health Sciences centerLubbock, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 40, Issue 1, February 1994, Pages 44–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/40.1.44 Published: 01 February 1994

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences