jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structural transformation, backward and forward linkages and job creation in Asia-Pacific least developed countries

Structural transformation can influence employment creation and poverty reduction through direct and indirect channels. For instance, productivity growth in one sector stimulates employment and wage growth in that sector. It can also impact other sectors through increased demand for labour with similar skill profiles. Higher output in one sector can further spillover to other sectors through increased input demand from other sectors through production linkages thereby increasing incomes. The benefit of such spillovers will be limited if the growing sector does not have strong backward and forward production linkages with other sectors. However, it is not clear whether Asia-Pacific LDCs have been able to harness the potential backward and forward linkages between sectors to the extent that productivity growth in one sector indirectly stimulates demand for goods and services of other sectors. For a country to fully benefit from such indirect impacts, structural transformation should be accompanied by strong backward and forward linkages.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Bacteria Associated With Nosocomial Infection And Their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern IN Paediatric Patients in A Tertiary Health Institution

This paper sets to determine the Pathogens associated with nosocomial bacterial infections in children at a large teaching hospital and assess their antibiotic-resistance patterns. A total of 4,981 paediatric patients on admission in various paediatric wards at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) from 1994-1995 were prospectively studied from admission until discharge using CDC criteria, Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by a disc diffusion technique. The incidence of noscomial bacterial septicemia was 5.2% overall, 14,9% for ou-born babies, 4.7% inborn babies, 2.3% in the surgical wards and 1.9% in the general paediatric wards. Klebsiella pneumoniae (31%), Burkholderia cepacia(13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (75) and coagulase-negative staphylococcei and enteroccoci, while they were also highly susceptible to Amoxycillen-clavulanic acid and Ampicilin-sulbactum but resistant to Erythromycin and chloramphenical. Cefoxitin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were active on most gram-negative bacteria. All the isolates were resistant to gentamicin and cotrimoxazole. There is a need for a review of prevailing sepsis control measures at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance in blood pathogens. Key Words: Noscomial, Antibiotic resistance, Paediatrics [J. of Med. & Medical Sci. Vol.1(1) 1999: 6-13]

Topic: Nosocomial Infections in ICU
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI SISWA PADA MATERI TATA SURYA MELALUI MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS IX SMPN 2 CANDUNG

The research is classroom action research by applying the model of Discovery Learning, which aims to improve the competence of students on the Solar System lesson in natural science learning in ninth grade. This study was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of three face to face. Each four sessions consists of planning, action, observation and test. Based on data analysis is seen an increase in the competence affective, psychomotor and cognitive of student from the first cycle to the second cycle. Based on the results of this research is concluded that there was an in-crease in student learning outcomes. So it can be ascertained that the Discovery Learning model is appropriate to be implemented in order to improve the competence of students.

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Low threshold and low internal loss 1.55- mu m strained-layer single quantum well lasers

Low-threshold lasers are important for minimizing the power consumption and the crosstalk of parallel optical interconnects in switching and supercomputer applications. Low-threshold (319 A/cm/sup 2/) strained-layer single quantum well lasers with low internal loss (<or=3.9 cm/sup -1/) for the 1.55- mu m wavelength region are reported. Device fabrication and characteristics are described.<<ETX>>

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of Robust Electrocatalysts Comprising Single-atom Sites with Designed Coordination Environments

Single-atom catalysts (SACs), which are composed of singly isolated metal sites and heterogeneous supports, have recently attracted intensive attention as a novel category of electrocatalysts. SACs can not only ultimately reduce the loading amount of noble metals but also exhibit unique reaction activity and selectivity for many reactions. However, the design flexibility of conventional supports of SACs, including nanocarbons and metal oxides, is poor. Therefore, designing coordination environments of metal centers in SACs, which are one of the most significant parameters governing their electrocatalytic properties, has been challenging. This review outlines the synthesis of two kinds of SACs with defined coordination structures and their unique electrocatalytic activities. First, graphenes doped with metals (Fe, Cu, and Ni) and nitrogen atoms, which were prepared by a short-duration heat treatment, function as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions and CO2 reduction reactions. Second, metal-doped covalent organic frameworks, which are a class of porous conjugated polymers, exhibit unique electrocatalytic selectivity compared with bulk metals.

Topic: Covalent Organic Framework Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Planets: Integrated Services for Digital Preservation

The Planets Project is developing services and technology to address core challenges in digital preservation. This article introduces the motivation for this work, describes the extensible technical architecture and places the Planets approach into the context of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. It also provides a scenario demonstrating Planets’ usefulness in solving real-life digital preservation problems and an overview of the project’s progress to date.

Topic: Digital and Traditional Archives Management
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Split Cord Malformation Type I And Lipomyelomeningocele: A Case Report

Spina bifida is a term comonly used to refer to myelomeningocele, lumbosacral lipomas,split cord malformation (diastematomyelia), meningoceles and some other neural tubedefects. Split cord malformations with a fibrous, cartilaginous or bony band or spiculeseparating the spinal cord into hemicords, can occur as an isolated defect or either witha myelomeningocele or a lipomyelomeningocele. The occurrence of split cord malformationswith lipomyelomeningocele is relatively rare in the pediatric neurosurgical practice.In this report, we present a one month old baby who had right leg monoparesis, withlipomyelomeningocele and split cord malformations with lipomyelomeningocele isrelatively rare in the pediatric neurosurgical practice.Bir Split Kord Malformasyonu Tip I ve Lipomyelomeningosel Olgusu: Olgu BildirimiSpina bifida terimi genellikle myelomeningosel, lumbosakral lipom, split kord malformasyonu (diastematomyeli), meningosel ve diğer bazı nöral tüp defektlerini tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Split kord malformasyonu spinal kordun fibröz, kıkırdak, kemik bant veya bir kemik spikül tarafından iki hemikorda ayrılmasıdır, bu malformasyon tek başına veya myelomeningosel veya lipomyelomeningosel gibi anomalilerle birlikte görülebilir. Split kod malformasyonları ve lipomyelomeningoselin birlikte görülmesi pediatrik nöroşirurji pratiğinde sık değildir. Bu yazıda, sağ bacak monoparezisi bulunan, lipomyelomeningosel ve split kord mal formasyonu tip Fi olan bir aylık bir bebek olgu sunulmaktadır.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Co-Design of Efficient Contention MAC with Directional Antennas in Wireless Sensor Networks

Directional antennas in sensor networks are receiving increasing interest and research due to the potential to increase throughput and reduce delay and interference, while requiring lower transmission power. Considering the stringent operation requirements (low duty-cycle) as MAC congestion problems in large multi-hop networks, WSN performance can benefit enormously from such directional capabilities together with an intelligent design. This paper investigates the introduction of switched beam directional antennas in sensor networks using a synchronised sleep/awake contention-base MAC (DirC-MAC) and real available hardware solutions. The control simplicity, small size and low cost makes switched beam antenna technology an attractive and suitable solution for sensor nodes. By means of modelling off-the-shelf sensor node architecture and the use of network simulation this paper shows significant improvements (up to 4 times more throughput and half battery used) may be achieved using directional antennas compared to the omnidirectional alternative. This paper emphasises the use of more realistic radio channel assumptions and addresses the impact of directional antennas in contention-based MACs analysing the performance of different handshaking mechanisms.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Learning Retardation and Enhanced Ethanol Preference Produced by Postnatal Pretreatments with Ethanol in Adult Rats

Male neonates of Wistar strain rats were given 0.63-2.50 g/kg/day of ethanol, i.p., for 7 successive days from day 6 to 12 after birth. The acquisition processes of the discriminated lever-press avoidance response (intertrial interval: 25 sec, warning stimuli presentation: 5 sec, foot shock intensity: 110V, 0.5 mA, 50 Hz, AC) were investigated for 20 separate sessions from day 60 after birth. The preference test for ethanol was done beginning at 120 days of age. No significant differences in body weights were detected between saline- and ethanol-pretreated groups. However, learning retardation was observed in all groups pretreated with ethanol. In these groups, slow responses to warning stimuli followed by escape responses from shocks delivered were often observed in early training sessions. An enhanced preference for ethanol was observed in all groups pretreated with ethanol for 7 successive days at maturity. These results suggest the possibility that learning ability and preference for ethanol in adult rats are strongly influenced by pretreatments with ethanol during the early postnatal period.

Topic: Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF INSECT-TRANSMISSION IN PLANT VIRUSES (V)

(1) ツマグロヨコバイが稲萎縮病ウイルスによつて保毒した場合, その代謝に異常が表われるか否かを観察し, 植物ウイルスの昆虫による伝播の機作解析に当つて, 考察のための供試事例の1つとした.(2) 保毒虫では健全虫より酸素吸収量 (Q02) は増大し, 呼吸の旺盛になることを知つた. また呼吸商 (RQ) も健全虫より大きくなる.(3) 保毒虫の酸化的燐酸化は健全虫より大きくなり, 増大する呼吸量はこれに伴いい燐酸の有機燐酸エステル化をも増し, 健全虫よりATP生産効率の高いことをみた.(4) 琥珀酸脱水素酵素の力価は, 保毒に伴つて特に増大はしないいが, 健全虫より衰えることはない.(5) 保毒虫のフォスファターゼ活性度は, 塩基性中性及び酸性いずれも健全虫より増大する.(6) 供試虫の各分劃燐酸量は保毒に伴つて増加するが, 特に核酸分劃燐の増量は著しい. この他脂質燐や蛋白燐の増加も留意すべきである.(7) 核酸塩基の紫外線吸収スペクトラムによると, ピークは健全虫では260mμに表われるが, 保毒すると255mμになる.(8) 核蛋白質の電泳図をみると, 健病虫共に略分劃3個が区別されるが, 保毒に伴い分劃Iの核蛋白質及びIIに属する蛋白質は減量し, 分劃IIIの核蛋白質は槍増量する傾向がみられる.以上の諸観察結果よりみると, ツマグロヨコバイは稲萎縮病ウイルスにより, 虫体内の各酵素は活性度が高まり, 代謝は著しく旺盛になることがわかる.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Active approach to telescope design for the new generation of 2.0-m-class telescopes&lt;/title&gt;

As the latest generation of large (8 - 10 meter) telescopes are taking their first observations of our expanding universe, a new age of 2.0 m class high performance telescopes is emerging to support them. Telescopes of this aperture can be used as part of an interferometric array to combine their science beams with that of a larger telescope, as with the W. M. Keck and VLT Outrigger Telescopes projects. These telescopes are also used for survey and target acquisition work.

Topic: Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pemanfaatan Tepung Mocaf Dalam Pembuatan Sponge Cake

Sponge cake is a sweet cake snack that is often consumed throughout the world and is made from flour, sugar, eggs, emulsifier, and others. In this research, sponge cake was innovated by using mocaf flour as a substitute for wheat flour. This research aims to determine: 1) the potential of mocaf flour as a substitute for wheat flour in making sponge cake through organoleptic tests; 2) the nutritional content contained in sponge cake made from mocaf flour; and 3) selling price for mocaf flour sponge cake. The research method used in this research was an experimental method which was tested on 30 panelists and then analyzed using a single ANOVA with the SPSS program, testing the nutritional content of mocaf flour sponge cake using chemical tests in the laboratory and to determine the selling price it was analyzed using conventional methods. The results of this research show that: 1) the ratio of mocaf flour and wheat flour 80:20 has a higher average value than the other comparison values, then there is a significant change in color and texture, and there is no significant change in taste, odor, pores, and scale; 2) the nutritional content of the mocaf flour sponge cake based on laboratory tests shows that per 100 grams it has a total of 234.80 kcal calories, 46.15% carbohydrates, 8.11% protein content, 2.05% fat content, 1.62% fiber %, water content 39.88%, and ash content 1.67%; and 3) the selling price for mocaf flour sponge cake products is IDR 4,914.76/50gram.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The effects of coil current directions and waveforms on nerve excitation elicited by magnetic stimulation

The amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) during magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves depend on the stimulus current direction and waveform. The output waveforms from currently used magnetic stimulators are mono- and polyphasic. The authors analyzed the nerve excitation elicited by four different combinations of coil current waveform/direction. It was shown that the axon is easily excited with biphasic coil current waveform and that the latency depends on coil current waveform, direction and strength. The simulation results are applicable to predict the change of excitation threshold and latency of CMAPs varied with the combination of coil current waveform/direction in magnetic stimulation of human peripheral nerves.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Introduction

Why did Richard Wagner and other nineteenth-century musicians devote so much attention to social reform, if the dominant artistic principle of the age demanded art's detachment from social and political concerns? This question, and persistent frustration with the standard answers to it, is what led to this book. The issue at stake is crucial to our received view of nineteenth-century German music, culture and aesthetics: the assumption that musicians and other artists – as a result of the idea of aesthetic autonomy – regarded the artistic sphere as polarized from the social and political fields, indeed that art's freedom demanded such polarization. This viewpoint, I argue, not only misunderstands aesthetic autonomy, but drastically exaggerates its authority over musical thought and culture. In order to understand the social meanings and functions of music in this period, therefore, we need to overhaul our picture of how artistic and social imperatives interacted. Far from governing nineteenth-century musical discourse and practice, the concept of aesthetic autonomy and the aesthetic categories bequeathed by Weimar classicism were persistently challenged by alternative models of music's social role. The book explores these competing models and the socio-political projects that gave rise to them. It interrogates nineteenth-century musical discourse, exploring numerous manifestos championing musical democratization or seeking to make music an engine for the transformation of society. In addition, it explores institutions and movements that attempted to realize these goals, and compositions – by Mendelssohn, Lortzing and Liszt as well as Wagner – in which the relation between aesthetic and social claims is programmatic.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhanced Surgical Skill Assessment via Adaptive VR Environment and Bayesian Network Calibration

**Abstract:** This research proposes a novel framework for surgical skill assessment leveraging an adaptive virtual reality (VR) environment combined with Bayesian Network (BN) calibration to provide highly granular and personalized skill evaluations. Unlike traditional VR surgical simulators that rely on predefined metrics, our system dynamically adjusts task difficulty based on real-time performance, ensuring consistent challenge and maximizing assessment accuracy. A BN is then employed to calibrate assessment scores, accounting for inter-rater variability and individual patient anatomy intricacies. The system promises a 30% increase in assessment reliability compared to current standard VR surgical training platforms and enables personalized training regimens tailored to individual skill gaps, creating substantial societal and economic value within the surgical training sector.

Topic: Surgical Simulation and Training
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nodal involvement pattern in resectable lung cancer according to tumor location

The aim in this study was to define the pattern of lymph node metastasis according to the primary tumor location. In this retrospective cohort study, each of the operable patients diagnosed with lung cancer was grouped by tumor mass location. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer nodal chart with stations and zones, established in 2009, was used to define lymph node levels. From 2006 to 2010, 197 patients underwent a lobectomy with systematic nodal resection for primary lung cancer at Chiang Mai University Hospital. There were 123 male and 74 female patients, with ages ranging from 16- 85 years old and an average age of 61.31. Analyses of tumor location, histology type, and nodal metastasis were performed. The locations were the right upper lobe in 63 patients (31.98%), the right middle lobe in 18 patients (9.14%), the right lower lobe in 30 patients (15.23%), the left upper lobe in 55 patients (27.92%), the left lower lobe in 16 patients (8.12%), and mixed lobes (more than one lobe) in 15 patients (7.61%). The mean tumor size was 4.45 cm in diameter (range 1.2-16.5 cm). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type, which occurred in 132 cases (67.01%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 41 cases (20.81%), bronchiolo alveolar cell carcinoma in nine cases (4.57%), and large cell carcinoma in seven cases (3.55%). Eighteen cases (9.6%) had skip metastasis (mediastinal lymph node metastasis without hilar node metastasis). Adenocarcinoma and intratumoral lymphatic invasion were the predictors of mediastinal lymph node metastases. There were statistically significant differences between a tumor in the right upper lobe and the right lower lobe. However, there were no statistically significant differences between tumors in the other lobes. In conclusion, tumor location is not a precise predictor of the pattern of nodal metastasis. Systematic lymph node dissection is the only way to accurately determine lymph node status. Further studies are required for evaluation and conclusions.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Table S3 from Radiotherapy Induces Innate Immune Responses in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancers

&lt;p&gt;Validation of metabolite identification using tandem mass spectrometry-based fragmentation matching.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of a Selective Thromboxane A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Synthetase Inhibitor on Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

It has been reported that agents which block the prostaglandin system inhibit the development of glomerulonephritis. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. We studied the effect of a selective thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthetase inhibitor, 1-benzylimidazole (BIm), on the immune complex glomerulonephritis produced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in New Zealand white rabbits. As the BSA nephritis developed, there was no change of creatinine (Cr), serum urea nitrogen (SUN), or creatinine clearance (Ccr), but urinary protein excretion increased almost 3-fold. Coagulation and fibrinolytic studies suggested a hypercoagulable state and increased fibrinolytic activity. Platelet aggregation showed the reduction of maximum aggregation induced by ADP and collagen. Histological examination by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy revealed glomerular polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration, mononuclear cell (MON) proliferation, and fibrin deposition. In 70% of the rabbits, IgG and C3 deposits were seen by immunofluorescence mainly in mesangial areas. The administration of BIm to BSA nephritis had no effects on Cr, SUN or Ccr, but it significantly lessened the proteinuria. The study of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity suggested a less hypercoagulable state, and more efficient fibrinolysis occurred than in the group without BIm. BIm tended to normalize platelet aggregation. It also lessened the histological PMN infiltration (p less than 0.05), MON proliferation (p less than 0.01), and fibrin deposition (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that TxA2 may play an important pathogenetic role in the development and progression of glomerulonephritis.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hereditary Red Blood Cell Enzymopathies

Red cell metabolic disturbances result in hemolysis, which leads to a significant shortening of the erythrocyte life span. The most common enzyme deficiencies are glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the antioxidant pathway, pyruvate kinase in the anaerobic glycolysis pathway, and pyrimidine 5’ nucleotidase (P5’N) in the nucleotide metabolism. While the X chromosome inherits G6PD and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiencies, other enzymopathies show autosomal recessive inheritance. Although the causes of hereditary hemolytic disorders are diverse, clinical, laboratory findings and complications overlap. A history of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy and exchange transfusion is quite usual. Mild to severe anemia may be accompanied with episodic or constant hemolysis associated with icterus, hyperbilirubinemia, growth retardation, gallstones, splenomegaly, and a variable degree of iron overload. Erythrocyte enzyme disorders should be suspected in patients with severe hemolytic episodes, or chronic hemolysis, after excluding hemoglobinopathies, membranopathies, and immune-mediated hemolysis.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences