jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic Identification of Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Susceptibility and Survival Mechanisms During Antibiotic Treatment

Effective treatment of tuberculosis requires at least six months of combination therapy involving four antibiotics. Alterations in the physiological state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection may reduce drug efficacy and prolong treatment, but these adaptations are incompletely defined. To investigate the mechanisms limiting antibiotic efficacy, I performed a comprehensive genetic study to identify M. tuberculosis genes and pathways important for bacterial survival during antibiotic treatment in vivo. First, I identified mutants in the glycerol kinase enzyme, GlpK, that promote survival under combination therapy. Similar glycerol catabolic mutants are enriched in extensively drug-resistant clinical isolates, indicating that these mutations may promote survival and the development of resistance in humans. A majority of these mutations are frameshifts within a homopolymeric region of the glpK gene, leading to the hypothesis that M. tuberculosis may reversibly produce drug-tolerant phenotypes through genetic variation introduced at homopolymer sites as a strategy for survival during antibiotic treatment. Second, I identified bacterial mutants with altered susceptibility to individual first-line anti-mycobacterial drugs. Many of these mutations did not have obvious effects in vitro, demonstrating that a wide variety of natural genetic variants can influence drug efficacy in vivo without altering standard drug-susceptibility tests. A number of these genes are enriched in drug-resistant clinical isolates, indicating that these genetic variants influence treatment outcome. Together, these data suggest new targets for improving therapy, as well as mechanisms of genetic adaptations that can reduce antibiotic efficacy and contribute to the evolution of resistance.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Low-temperature volumetric properties of methane

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-temperature volumetric properties of methaneAlan J. Vennix, Thomas W. Leland Jr., and Riki KobayashiCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1970, 15, 2, 238–243Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60045a029https://doi.org/10.1021/je60045a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Phase I Trials: Improved Outcomes with Combination Chemotherapy and Targeted Agents

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have poor treatment outcomes. We reviewed the electronic records of consecutive patients with metastatic TNBC treated in phase I clinic at MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between Augu st 2005 and May 2012. One hundred and six patients received at least 1 phase I trial. Twelve of 98 evaluable patients (12%) had either complete response (CR; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1), partial response (PR; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7), or stable disease ≥6 months (SD; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4). Patients treated on matched therapy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 16) compared with those on nonmatched therapy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 90) had improved SD ≥ 6 months/PR/CR (33% vs. 8%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018) and longer progression-free survival (PFS; median, 6.4 vs. 1.9 months; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). Eleven of 57 evaluable patients (19%) treated with combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy had SD ≥ 6 months/PR/CR versus 1 of 41 evaluable patients (2%) treated on other phase I trials (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013), and longer PFS (3.0 vs. 1.6 months; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Patients with molecular alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway treated on matched therapy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 16) had improved PFS compared with those with and without molecular alterations treated on nonmatched therapy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 27; 6.4 vs. 3.2 months; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.036). On multivariate analysis, improved PFS was associated with treatment with combined chemotherapy and targeted agents (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002), ≤2 metastatic sites (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003), therapy with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for those with cognate pathway abnormalities (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018), and treatment with antiangiogenic agents (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.023). In summary, combinations of chemotherapy and angiogenesis and/or PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors demonstrated improved outcomes in patients with metastatic TNBC. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 3175–84. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bioluminescent method to determine non‐specific endotoxicosis in therapy

The possibility of using a bioluminescence method for measuring endotoxicosis during therapy has been investigated. Results of our experiments shown that a bioluminescence method can be used as a reliable criterion to monitor the course of disease for patients with bronchitis, ulcerous disease or chronic colecystitis. Assays using both soluble and immobilized reagents are possible. This method does not reveal differences in patients with sepsis, hepatocirrhosis or oncology. The methods are highly sensitive, rapid and simple and allow quatitative determination of the degree of seriousness of illness and estimation of the severity of a patient's condition. At present the test is used to find substances responsible for the toxic state. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Beginning of La vida es sueño and the Soledad primera by Góngora

This article analyzes the initial sequence of Calderón’s La vida es sueño (vv. 1-102) by studying the relationships between metric form (silvas), dramatic space, characters’ actions, and style. Comparing the initial sequences in silvas of other comedies included in the Primera and Segunda Parte of Calderón’s comedies, it points out the recurring motif of shipwrecking; in doing so, it stresses how Rosaura’s itinerary, from the initial situation when she has been bucked off by her horse to her discovery of Segismundo’s jail, echoes the shipwrecked wandering’s itinerary in the initial sequence of Góngora’s Soledad primera. The sequence in silvas in the third act of La vida es sueño is built in chiasm with this initial sequence to highlight the radical change that protagonists are about to accomplish.

Topic: Spanish Literature and Culture Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Longing – a dynamic power in the becoming of health when suffering from cancer

Background The aim of the study was to gain understanding of existential longing in health and suffering as experienced by persons who have been affected by a cancer disease. The theoretical perspective of the study is K. Eriksson's theory of Caring Science. Method Qualitative interviews with nine women with cancer were transcribed and interpreted using Gadamer's ontological hermeneutics. Results Four perspectives of longing when suffering from cancer are presented: Longing as a source to call upon for survival, Longing for the life prior to the illness, Longing directed towards deeper relations in everyday life, and Transcending longing moves towards the ultimate fulfilment. Interpretation The overall interpretation led to the following thesis about the dimension of longing in the human being: Longing is becoming in a movement towards reconciliation of life, and, Longing is becoming in a movement towards transcending life . Conclusion The results show that there seems to be a dynamic power in longing that can transform suffering and create health.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD NB3arm #120294.1

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: Nosocomial Infections in ICU
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic variation in targets of lipid-lowering drugs and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk: a Mendelian randomization study

The use of lipid-lowering drugs is still highly controversial in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We performed a drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the effect of targeted lipid-lowering drugs on the risk of ALS. First, we evaluated the causal relationship between HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors-taking trait and ALS using a bidirectional two-sample MR study. Second, we investigated the causal relationship between lipid-lowering drugs and ALS through a drug-target MR approach. The summary data for HMGCR inhibitors-taking traits were extracted from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of medication use and associated disease in the UK Biobank. The summary data for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) were extracted from a meta-analysis of GWAS in individuals of European ancestry in the UKB. The GWAS summary data of ALS were obtained from the Project MinE. Our bidirectional two-sample MR showed that genetically determined increased HMGCR inhibitors-taking trait was an independent risk factor for ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.090, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.035–1.150, <i>p</i> = 0.001). The results of drug-target MR showed that the increased expression of the <i>HMGCR</i> gene in blood with the higher risk of ALS (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01–1.46; <i>p</i> = 0.042) through SMR method and the apoB level mediated by the <i>APOB</i> gene increased the risk of ALS (OR = 1.15; 95% CI =1.05–1.25; <i>p</i> = 0.001) through inverse-variance weighted MR method. This present study provides genetic support for a positive causal effect of HMGCR inhibitors-taking trait and ALS. The reason for this may be due to the underlying disease condition behind the medication, rather than the medication itself. Our findings also suggested that HMGCR and apoB inhibitors may have potential protective effects on ALS.

Topic: Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison among U-17, U-20, and Professional Female Soccer in the GPS Profiles during Brazilian Championships

The purpose of this study was to compare and characterize the physical demand of official matches among under-17 (U-17), under-20 (U-20), and professional (Pro) female soccer players. All matches were from the U-17, U-20, and Pro National Brazilian Championships. Fourteen Pro matches, nine U-20 matches, and four U-17 matches were analyzed. The external load was measured by the global positioning system (GPS) and the internal workload was assessed by the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) multiplied by the duration of the match. The activity profiles measured were total distance covered (km), total sprint distance (m) (speed &gt; 18 km·h−1), number of accelerations and decelerations (between 1 and 2 m·s−2 and &gt;3 m·s−2), and top speed (km·h−1). For the analysis, we standardized all the metrics (except the top speed) by the time (in minutes) played. The Pro group presented higher sprint distances, number of accelerations and decelerations, and top speeds, compared to U-20 and U-17. There was no difference in the total distance among groups, and there was no difference in any GPS metrics between U-20 and U-17. The RPE was higher in Pro and U-17, compared to U-20; however, the workload-RPE was higher in Pro, compared to both U-17 and U-20 groups. These findings provide important information for the evolution of physical performance according to age categories in elite female soccer players.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ebola, Zika, Corona…What Is Next for Our World?

In the past century, there have been several pandemics. Within the context of global health, these pandemics have often been viewed from the lens of determinants such as population, poverty, and pollution. With an ever-changing world and the COVID-19 pandemic, the current global determinants of public health need to be expanded. In this editorial, we explore and redefine the major determinants of global public health to prevent future pandemics. Policymakers and global leaders should keep at heart the determinants suggested hereby in any planning, implementation, and evaluation of efforts to improve global public health and prevent pandemics.

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A well-preserved new mid-paleocene penguin (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Waipara Greensand in New Zealand

We describe a partial skeleton of a new stem group representative of the Sphenisciformes from the mid-Paleocene Waipara Greensand in New Zealand, which represents the best-preserved and most complete Paleocene penguin found so far. <i>Sequiwaimanu rosieae</i>, n. gen. et sp., is the fourth penguin species from the Waipara Greensand, which previously yielded two species that were assigned to the taxon <i>Waimanu</i>, in addition to leg bones of an unnamed giant penguin. Among other features, the new species is characterized by an articular facet for the furcula on the apex carinae of the sternum, which is unknown from other sphenisciforms. We perform detailed comparisons with the species assigned to <i>Waimanu</i> and show that the type species <i>Waimanu manneringi</i> differs in tarsometatarsus morphology from its putative congener ‘<i>W</i>.’ <i>tuatahi</i>, which is here assigned to the new taxon <i>Muriwaimanu. Sequiwaimanu rosieae</i> exhibits a more derived morphology than <i>Muriwaimanu tuatahi</i>, but its exact affinities to <i>W. manneringi</i> are unresolved owing to the incompletely known osteology of the latter species. With <i>S. rosieae</i> being more closely related to the crown group than <i>M. tuatahi</i>, shared characteristics of the two taxa are likely to be plesiomorphic for sphenisciforms. Although the skeletal morphology of these sphenisciform stem species shows some similarities to plotopterids (i.e., wing-propelled diving seabirds from the North Pacific Basin) in some characters, the stem group sphenisciforms from the Waipara Greensand are clearly distinguished from plotopterids. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:86031231-EADB-45EF-930B-8E55833D32F6 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Mayr, G., V. L. De Pietri, L. Love, A. A. Mannering, and R. P. Scofield. 2018. A well-preserved new mid-Paleocene penguin (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Waipara Greensand in New Zealand. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1398169.

Topic: Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cybersecurity in the Smart Grid: Practitioners' Perspective

The Smart Grid (SG) is a cornerstone of modern society, providing the energy required to sustain billions of lives and thousands of industries. Unfortunately, as one of the most critical infrastructures of our World, the SG is an attractive target for attackers. The problem is aggravated by the increasing adoption of digitalisation, which further increases the SG's exposure to cyberthreats. Successful exploitation of such exposure leads to entire countries being paralysed, which is an unacceptable -- but ultimately inescapable -- risk. This paper aims to mitigate this risk by elucidating the perspective of real practitioners on the cybersecurity of the SG. We interviewed 18 entities, operating in diverse countries in Europe and covering all domains of the SG -- from energy generation, to its delivery. Our analysis highlights a stark contrast between (a)research and practice, but also between (b) public and private entities. For instance: some threats appear to be much less dangerous than what is claimed in related papers; some technological paradigms have dubious utility for practitioners, but are actively promoted by literature; finally, practitioners may either under- or over-estimate their own cybersecurity capabilities. We derive four takeaways that enable future endeavours to improve the overall cybersecurity in the SG. We conjecture that most of the problems are due to an improper communication between researchers, practitioners and regulatory bodies -- which, despite sharing a common goal, tend to neglect the viewpoint of the other `spheres'.

Topic: Smart Grid Security and Resilience
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Military Occupation and Human Rights Protection

The aim of the paper is to generally outline the relationship between the law of armed conflict and human rights protection, and thus the usability of the human rights standards in the military occupation. The paper provides an analysis of the application of relevant legislation and will aim to explore complementarity, compatibility and possible exceptions to the applicability of those standards. Finally, the paper aims to identify practical and legal loopholes in the implementation of the human rights commitments and options for addressing these international legal problems.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Bidirectional LSTM-RNN and GRU Method to Exon Prediction Using Splice-Site Mapping

Deep Learning techniques (DL) significantly improved the accuracy of predictions and classifications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). On the other hand, identifying and predicting splice sites in eukaryotes is difficult due to many erroneous discoveries. To address this issue, we propose a deep learning model for recognizing and anticipating splice sites in eukaryotic DNA sequences based on a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Gated recurrent unit (GRU). The non-coding introns of the gene are spliced out, and the coding exons are joined during the splicing of the original mRNA transcript. This bidirectional LSTM-RNN-GRU model incorporates intron features in order of their length constraints, beginning with splice site donor (GT) and ending with splice site acceptor (AG). The performance of the model improves as the number of training epochs grows. The best level of accuracy for this model is 96.1 percent.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Are We Saving Enough? Households and Retirement

October 15 of last year, a retired school teacher from Earleville, Maryland, sat down at a computer terminal and typed responses to four "yes" or "no" questions, beginning with, "Are you at least 61 years and 9 months old?"In answering a¢ rmatively, Kathleen Casey-Kirschling made history.Born one second after midnight New Year's Day, 1946, she was the …rst of the 78-millionmember baby boom generation to apply for Social Security bene…ts.She became eligible to collect with the turn of 2008.The reason Casey-Kirschling's otherwise everyday act made news is no mystery.In part because there are so many baby boomers relative to the overall population, Social Security payments to retirees are projected to exceed payroll tax revenues in less than 10 years.By 2041, bene…ts will have to decline, or taxes or government borrowing will have to increase.In the case of Medicare, the health care insurance system for the American elderly, similar changes are expected to be necessary as early as 2019.The baby boom generation's retirement brings into focus perhaps the most signi…cant demographic shift in United States history.Baby boomers, the moniker for the generation born between 1946 and 1964, comprise about 26 percent of the overall U.S. population.Their sheer numbers assure that future growth in the labor force will slow by comparison to recent decades.The birth rate seems unlikely to ever spike up to that experienced in the 1950s, and life expectancy continues to increase.In 1940, people who had already reached the age of 65 were expected to live to be 77.7 years.By 2030, life expectancy for 65-year-oldsThe views expressed are the authors' and not necessarily those of the Federal Re-serve System.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Family System and Family Functioning: Circumplex Model and FACES IV

This study investigated the interrelationships between students' perceptions of their family of origin systems and their reports of family quality and stress in a sample of 118 Australian first-year students taking Psychology at the University of Sydney. The main measure adopted in this study was a new instrument (FACES IV) developed by Judith Tiesel and David Olson (1997) and applied by them to assess dimensions and predictions associated with Olson's Circumplex Model of Family Systems. In the present study, families classified as generally extreme or unbalanced in their type of family system were found to be significantly lower in family quality and higher in family stress than families classified as balanced. More specifically, multiple regression analyses indicated that family quality was best predicted by family disengagement and family rigidity, and family stress by family chaos. The linear relationships found in this Australian study are consistent with the findings reported in a recent study using FACES IV with a North American sample (Tiesel & Olson, 1997).

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences