jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

Across the world's seas and oceans, archaeological research focused on islands has generally privileged those that are larger in size. Explanations for this phenomenon range from the (mis)perception by scholars that prehistoric peoples were more attracted to the presumed greater number and diversity of resources typically available on larger islands, to the ephemeral aspect of archaeological evidence on smaller land areas. These are coupled with logistical and infrastructure issues that often limit access to labor, equipment, and transportation to conduct field activities (e.g., remote atolls in the Pacific). A growing body of research demonstrates, however, that ancient peoples regularly and readily occupied and/or accessed many smaller islands for both terrestrial and marine resources. In some cases, within an archipelago, evidence shows an earlier occupation on smaller islands versus larger ones, or an attraction to the former given unique or seasonal resource availability and/or defensive capabilities. We describe cases from several areas of the world that highlight the importance of relatively small islands (∼1–500 km2) for understanding human adaptations in what many have considered to be among the most marginal of environments.

Topic: Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficient video indexing method using dynamic distance measure for the principal component

The Bounded Coordinate System(BCS) approach is a novel video representation model,which can summarize a video to a coordinate system determined by Principal Component Analysis(PCA).The similarity measure of BCS considers the operations of rotation and scaling for coordinate system matching.However,the BCS approach can not always obtain the minimum distance of rotation and scaling between two bounded Principal Components.To overcome the handicap of the original BCS approach,an improving approach applying dynamic distance measure for rotation and scaling distance is presented in this paper.The new approach can calculate the minimum rotation and scaling distance between two bounded Principal Components,and improve the query precision.Our extensive performance study on a large database of more than 30000 video clips demonstrates that the new approach achieves a higher search accuracy than the BCS approach.

Topic: Video Analysis and Summarization
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Safety and efficacy of Probiomix B (Lactobacillus plantarum KKP/593/p and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KKP 825) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening

Abstract Probiomix B is a preparation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. EFSA was requested to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the additive when used in feeds for chickens for fattening in the range of 1 × 108–5 × 108 colony‐forming units (CFU)/kg feedingstuffs and in water for drinking at the recommended dose of 1 × 108 CFU/L. The additive has never been authorised in the EU. The identity of the two strains has been established and no resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics detected. The strains satisfy the requirements for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment and thus are presumed safe for the target animals, consumers of products derived from animals fed the additive and the environment. In the absence of data, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) cannot conclude on the ocular and dermal irritancy of the additive or its dermal sensitisation. The additive apparently does not contain particles of inhalable size and the dusting potential measured is negligible. Therefore, exposure is unlikely and under practical conditions respiratory sensitisation of Probiomix B can be reasonably excluded. The FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the efficacy of Probiomix B for chickens for fattening.

Topic: Agricultural safety and regulations
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Trial-and-Error Procedure for Implementing a Road-Pricing Scheme

This paper deals with a road-pricing scheme that aims at alleviating congestion phenomena or air and noise pollution in some areas of a transportation network in such a way that the volumes of traffic flow on entry links to these areas do not exceed their respective predetermined thresholds by levying appropriate tolls at these links. This paper begins to show that the road-pricing scheme is equivalent to a problem that determines optimal Lagrangian multipliers for a user equilibrium traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints. It then proceeds to devise a novel trial-and-error procedure requiring observed traffic flows at the entry links only, to identify a solution for the road-pricing scheme when link travel tune functions, origin-destination demand functions, and users' value of travel time are unknown. The procedure is as follows. A trial on a set of given tolls is conducted, and then the resultant link flows are observed. According to these observed traffic flows, a new set of tolls for the next trial is adjusted by executing a simple projection operation. The trial-and-error procedure is, in fact, a variation of a gradient projection method for dual formulation of the traffic assignment problem, and its convergence can be guaranteed under mild conditions. Accordingly, a conjecture for the convergence of trial-and-error implementation of the congestion pricing proposed by economists is rigorously proved. Furthermore, the iterative procedure presented in this paper in practice can facilitate the estimation of such tolls by land transport authorities.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preparation and Characterization of Glycoprotein-Resistant Starch Complex As a Coating Material for Oral Bioadhesive Microparticles for Colon-Targeted Polypeptide Delivery

For effective oral delivery of polypeptide or protein and enhancement their oral bioavailability, a new resistant starch-glycoprotein complex bioadhesive carrier and an oral colon-targeted bioadhesive delivery microparticle system were developed. A glycoprotein, concanavalin A (Con A), was successfully conjugated to the molecules of resistant starch acetate (RSA), leading to the formation of resistant starch-glycoprotein complex. This Con A-conjugated RSA film as a coating material showed an excellent controlled-release property. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetic rats, the insulin-loaded microparticles coated with this Con A-conjugated RSA film exhibited good hypoglycemic response for keeping the plasma glucose level within the normal range for totally 44-52 h after oral administration with different insulin dosages. Oral glucose tolerance tests indicated that successive oral administration of these colon-targeted bioadhesive microparticles with insulin at a level of 50 IU/kg could achieve a hypoglycemic effect similar to that by injection of insulin at 35 IU/kg. Therefore, the potential of this new Con A-conjugated RSA film-coated microparticle system has been demonstrated to be capable of improving the oral bioavailability of bioactive proteins and peptides.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluid Dynamics and Visualized Information Processing

シングルピクセル粒子画像速度計測法(PIV)において,変動量を算出する従来方法のアイデアを解説し,理想的な粒子画像が得られていない場合への本手法の拡張を議論した.本拡張は従来手法で用いられていた相関分布を確率分布としてみなす方法に基づき,粒子の形状に相当する成分をフーリエ変換を用いて除去することで変動量を推定する手法である.本手法を利用することで超音速PIVにおいて,非常に高い解像度の平均速度場および変動量場が得られることを説明した.今後同様の情報処理を用いて流体現象をより高解像度に可視化する手法が提案されることを期待する.

Topic: Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cooperation of return-to-work professionals: the challenges of multi-actor work disability management

The article argues for the importance of systematic networking and stresses the role of public employment services in the multi-actor management of work disabilities. The article contributes to existing work disability case management models by suggesting the employment administration system as an important component in addition to health care, workplace and insurance systems. The study also highlights the need for expansion of expertise in the field. Implications for Rehabilitation Cooperation between RTW professionals in public employment offices and other organizations involved in work disability management was considered inadequate. In order to improve the cooperation of RTW professionals, the stakeholders need to create more systematic ways of communication and networking with professionals in other organizations. There is a need to expand the expertise in work disability management and rehabilitation, partly by increasing the role of other professionals than physicians.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Sustained Reduction and Prevention of Neonatal and Pediatric Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Following a Nurse-Driven Quality Improvement Initiative in a Pediatric Facility

Abstract Purpose: Hospitals devote significant resources developing protocols to minimize the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), a source of increased patient morbidity and health care costs; however, few of these protocols, especially centralized protocols, are reported in the literature. This study characterizes the development and effectiveness of a pediatric hospital's centralized CLABSI prevention bundle. Design and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective interrupted time series to quantify the effectiveness of the prevention bundle that was developed and implemented by nursing leadership in infection control, and both the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units between 2006 and 2014. The study period was subdivided into pre-, peri-, post-, and second peri-intervention periods based on the implementation status of the bundle. Segmented linear regression was used to model and compare the CLABSI rates for each intervention period overall as well as the 5 individual hospital units. Results: The hospital's modeled CLABSI rate during the preintervention period was 3.80 out of 1000 line days and was significantly reduced to 0.45 (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Clear decreases in unit CLABSI rates were observed and all units were below corresponding National Healthcare Safety Network CLABSI rates after the study. Conclusions: The centralized CLABSI prevention bundle reduced and sustained low CLABSI rates overall and within each hospital unit demonstrating the success of the bundle. Practice Implications: A centralized CLABSI prevention bundle can universalize central line care, simplify infection control, and improve quality of care to help sustain low CLABSI rates throughout the hospital.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Can sunspot activity and ultraviolet–B radiation explain cyclic outbreaks of forest moth pest species?

Cyclic outbreaks of forest moth pest species have long remained a puzzle for foresters and ecologists. This paper presents time-series exhibiting a strong negative relationship between sunspot numbers and population indices of autumnal and winter moths, both in a mountain birch forest in central Norway and in a mixed lowland forest in southern Norway. In the latter area, also the population level of a moth species feeding entirely on lichens was negatively related to sunspot numbers. Low sunspot activity leads to a thinner ozone layer and thus higher surface ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation. As winter moth larvae prefer leaves subjected to enhanced UV-B radiation, we suggest that the causal relationship between sunspots and moths is that the metabolic costs of producing UV-B-protective pigments during periods of low sunspot activity reduce trees' and lichens' resistance to herbivores, and thus increase the survival of moth larvae. Higher peak densities of moth cycles in mountain forests could be explained by the general higher UV-B radiation at higher altitudes.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Selenium speciation by high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line detection by atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract Several approaches to the determination of selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenite and selenate by high‐performance liquid chromatography with online detection by atomic absorption spectrometry are described. The N −2,4‐dinitrophenyl derivatives of selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenocystine and phenylmercury(II) cystineselenoate were recovered from aqueous solution, separated on a Nucleosil 5‐NO 2 reversed‐phase HPLC column with a methanolic mobile phase containing acetic acid and triethylamine, and detected with a quartz thermochemical hydride‐generating interface–atomic absorption spectrometry (AA) system. The restriction of having to perform chromatography with an organic mobile phase (to support the combusion process) was overcome with a new interface design capable of operation with either organic or aqueous HPLC mobile phases. Using aqueous acetic acid (0.015% v/v) containing 0.1% (w/v) ammonium acetate delivered at 0.5cm 3 min −1 , selenate, selenite, selenomethionine, selenocystine and selenoethionine were separated virtually to baseline on a cyanopropyl‐bonded phase HPLC column. Other selenium compounds which were investigated included methane seleninic and methane selenonic acids as well as the crude oxidation product mixtures resulting from the treatment of selenomethionine and selenocystine with hydrogen peroxide. A procedure for extracting selenate, selenite, selenomethionine, selenocystine and selenoethionine from spiked water or ground feed supplement into liquefied phenol resulted in acceptable recoveries for the latter four analytes but was unacceptably low for selenate.

Topic: Selenium in Biological Systems
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The Ben Parsons Show Season3 Episode1

Originally aired 9/6/2012 on the KRUI Lab in Iowa City, IA. The return of The Ben Parsons Show. T-Pain "concert" review, football preview, Miss Lohan, and Dumb Criminals. Featuring DJ IceCold. As always, listener discretion advised.

Topic: Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Redox and Double-Layer Charging of Phenothiazine Functionalized Monolayer-Protected Clusters

Monolayer-protected Au clusters (MPCs) have been prepared with mixed monolayers of alkanethiolates and alkanethiolates terminally omega-functionalized with phenothiazine. The mixed monolayer MPCs can contain as many as 10 phenothiazines/MPC; these electron donors are electroactive in rapid, successive one-electron reactions. Surface adsorption of the functionalized MPCs is evident in cyclic voltammetry. Double-potential-step chronocoulometry with incremented potential steps was applied to unfunctionalized hexanethiolate-coated MPCs and to those functionalized with phenothiazine to analyze the coupling between the diffusion-controlled double-layer charging of the MPC cores and the oxidation of the phenothiazine centers. Apparent changes in ordering of the MPC alkanethiolate chains were observed with infrared spectroscopy in solutions of MPCs where alcohol, carboxylic acid, or phenothiazine moieties had been incorporated into the monolayer.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin with cumulative dose of oxaliplatin.

584 Background: The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in colorectal cancer patients (CRC) receiving the 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus L-OHP (FOLFOX) regimen is reported to be 10 to 17%. There are several reports of clinical features of HSRs to L-OHP, but the relationship between HSRs and the cumulative dose of L-OHP has not been clarified. Methods: From August 2005 to July 2009, a total of 54 CRC patients who developed HSRs during treatment with mFOLFOX6 or mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab regimen as first-line treatment, were reviewed retrospectively. Within this patient group, sixteen patients had an L-OHP-free interval of at least three months or more. We investigated the clinical features of HSRs associated with L-OHP in our institution, and evaluated the degree to which its occurrence is dependent upon the cumulative dose of L-OHP in patients who had an interruption of L-OHP. Results: Within the sample of 54 patients, HSRs occurred after a median treatment course number of 8 (range 2-19), and the median cumulative dose of L-OHP being 700 mg/m 2 (range 170-1615). In these subjects, grade1/2/3 HSRs developed in 33/20/1 patients, respectively. Re-challenge of L-OHP combined with prophylactic agents was performed in 42 patients (78%). There were 16 patients who had an L-OHP- free interval, in whom the major reason for L-OHP withdrawal was neurotoxicity, with reintroduction because of tumor progression or recurrence. Of these 16 patients, 10 developed the first HSRs after reintroduction of L-OHP. Among these 10 patients, grade1/2/3 HSRs developed in 6/3/1 patients, respectively, and occurred at a median course number of 2.5 following re-infusion of L-OHP, or 12 treatments after the initial infusion. The median cumulative dose of L-OHP at HSRs in this patient group was 213 mg/m 2 after the re-introduced infusion, and a total of 1088 mg/m 2 since initial onset of treatment. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the development of HSRs during L-OHP treatment depends on the cumulative dose from the initial administration even in patients who experienced an L-OHP-free interval. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extraskeletal ossifying chondroma in Hoffa's fat pad: an unusual cause of anterior knee pain.

Hoffa's disease is an obscure cause of anterior knee pain. A misconception about its rarity is very common among clinicians, and hence it is often misdiagnosed and treated as meniscal pathology. Increased awareness is required to diagnose and treat the condition appropriately. These diagnostic uncertainties commonly result in increased patient morbidity and mismanagement. In spite of a widely-accepted common occurrence of Hoffa's disease, ossification of the Hoffa's fat pad is seldom reported. We report a giant extraskeletal ossifying chondroma in a 55-year-old man, presented as chronic knee pain and successfully treated by excision. The anatomy, pathology, histology, radiological features and management of the disease are described, to increase awareness in the orthopaedic community of this common, interesting but rarely discussed condition.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Designing the drive scheme of the silicon-based MEMS torsion-mirror optical switch

A novel driving scheme utilizing the resonance effect of the micro-mirror is presented to reduce the drive voltage of the silicon-based MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) torsion-mirror optical switch. A mixed bias of DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current) is adopted to drive the torsion mirror. Both the numerical simulation and experiment results show that the driving voltage of the optical switch is reduced by nearly 50%, from more than 270V to 130V.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patient Generated Dysphoria in Psychiatric Residents

Caring for patients can induce intense emotions in psychiatrists. Although clinical experience suggests that such feeling can become a source of stress for the psychiatrists, particularly the first year resident, and interfere adversely with patient care, research in this area has been lacking. We studied a group of psychiatric residents in order to identify what patient conditions or characteristics induce the greatest dysphoria and adversely affect the quality of patient care. Serious medical illnesses induced the greatest dysphoria.

Topic: Empathy and Medical Education
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Zealand’s Cannabis Legalisation and Control Bill: a viable approach to drug law reform

In 2017 the New Zealand Government announced a referendum in 2020 on the legalisation of cannabis for personal use.The Ministry of Justice developed the Cannabis Legalisation and Control Bill, which provided a framework for the control, sale and supply of cannabis in New Zealand.Although it appears that the Bill has failed to gather sufficient public support, it is still worth considering key aspects of the draft legislation that might be used in future drug law reform.The primary goal of the Bill is in its name -control.New Zealand ranks ninth in the world for cannabis consumption, 1 and cannabis is easily available for purchase from the black market.This is illustrated by findings from two of New Zealand's major longitudinal studies, which found that 80% of each cohort has tried cannabis on at least one occasion. 2Both studies reported on a range of harms associated with cannabis use, particularly among those who begin using at earlier ages.These findings imply that reducing harms associated with cannabis use requires control of the supply of cannabis, which prohibition has never achieved.Under the Bill, cannabis could be grown at home in a limited manner or purchased by adults aged 20 years and over from licenced premises, with a purchase limit of 14 g per day.Licensees would be required to report on the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis available for purchase, as well as provide guidelines for health and for safer consumption.These steps were adopted to reduce access to cannabis for adolescents, reduce high levels of consumption, and increase product safety and consumer knowledge.Overseas research suggests that this level of control does reduce levels of use in younger people. 3,4nother feature of the Bill is that it was designed to restrict growth of the cannabis industry, pre-emptively addressing the possibility that large corporations would attempt to grow the market and predate on new and existing users, which drives substance-related harm. 5The Bill introduced a cap on the total annual supply of cannabis and prohibited vertical integration in the cannabis industry, restricting licenced operators to a single level of involvement.These features reflect the goal of moving the current illicit cannabis market into a legal market, without growing the market in the process.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in a 15-Year-Old with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

A 15-y-old male patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) and new onset adrenal insufficiency developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The literature on infectious complications of CMCC is reviewed and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the only previously described case of PCP in CMCC are compared with those of the patient reported here.

Topic: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences