jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chromosome mapping of the large elaenia (<i>E</i><i>laenia spectabilis</i>): evidence for a cytogenetic signature for passeriform birds?

Among birds, Tyrannidae comprises one of the most diverse and species-rich families. Although cytogenetic data have shown interesting results in this family, such as variations in the macrochromosome morphology and diploid number, only a few species have had their karyotypes described. In the present study, we report the characterization of the karyotype of Elaenia spectabilis (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) by means of classical and molecular cytogenetics. The results show that syntenic groups of Gallus gallus (GGA) were conserved, except GGA1 and GGA4, which were divided into two different pairs each. However, the results obtained with Leucopternis albicollis probes revealed the occurrence of inversions in segments homologous to GGA1q, similar to those observed in other Passerifomes (Turdus), and one inversion in GGA1p. These results suggest that the centric fission in GGA1, as well as the inversions observed in segments homologous to GGA1q, appeared in the early history of Passeriformes because they could be detected in Oscine and Suboscine species.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pre-Columbian treponemal infection in Denmark?- a paleopathological and archaeometric approach

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate five new cases of possible treponematosis in early medieval Denmark. A total of 1018 skeletons from Danish and present day German cemeteries have been examined, and five candidates of pre-Columbian individuals have been selected from three Danish burial sites on Funen, Jutland and Zealand. The five individuals with a possible infection with treponematoses have been analysed anthropological and chemically. Two of the skeletons exhibited cranial lesions, i.e. serpiginous and focal superficial cavitation. The other three only displayed periosteal reactions of varying degrees on the postcranial skeleton. Computed tomography scans showed focal obliteration of the periosteum on the long bones as well as on the affected skulls. Radiocarbon dates and stable isotope analyses indicate that three of the four analysed skeletons predate AD 1493. High levels of mercury in three of the individuals suggest that medical treatment with Hg-containing medicine took place. Considering the climate and geography at the sites, venereal syphilis might be the treponemal disease causing the pathologies on the skeletal remains. However, the historical background, the bone lesions and their prevalence point to the presence of a less aggressive, maybe non-venereal, form of treponematosis. Consequently, the hypothesis that pre-Columbian venereal syphilis existed among the analysed skeletal material is rejected with the help of various archaeometric analyses.

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Resistance and Revolution: The Anti-Vietnam War Movement at the University of Michigan, 1965-1972

From 1965 until 1972, the campus of the University of Michigan became a stronghold of political activism and intellectual discussion against the war in Vietnam. Students, faculty, and the administration of the University all played roles in advocating and resisting political change. The University of Michigan witnessed the full range of political protesting from an academic forum to explosions at the ROTC building during this tumultuous time in United States History. The "Anti-Vietnam War Movement" exhibit from the Michigan in the World series publicizes research conducted by undergraduate students about the history of the anti-war movement at the University of Michigan.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making for enhancing the management of medical waste generated during the coronavirus pandemic

The coronavirus pandemic significantly increased the use of essential medical supplies, resulting in a surge in medical waste generation. This surge has spurred extensive research into sustainable disposal methods for safe and environmentally responsible medical equipment management. Addressing this multifaceted issue falls within the domain of multi-criteria decision-making. This study presents a comprehensive framework for selecting optimal medical waste treatment methods, considering economic, technological, environmental, and social factors. This is the first study to address the problem of selecting a medical waste disposal technology using the Fuzzy Dombi Bonferroni. The mean operator to combine expert opinions, the fuzzy preference selection index method to evaluate the criteria and the fuzzy compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution method to rank the alternatives. According to the weightings, the social dimension holds the highest significance at 0.3217. Disinfection efficiency ranks as the most critical criterion, weighing in at 0.0823. The autoclave is rated as the top disposal technique, with a utility function value of 5.4579. Sensitivity analyses ensured the stability and reliability of the models. The adaptability of the applied model to sustainable practices such as energy conversion, material recycling, and resource recovery represents an essential aspect of policymaking in waste management. This assessment can guide policy formulation or improvement processes for waste disposal.

Topic: Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease among Sudanese patients

Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor system. It is a chronic progressive disorder leading to long standing disability.Objective: To study the clinical presentation of PD among Sudanese patients seen at Elshaab Teaching Hospital during the period from May2004-April 2008.Methodology: In this descriptive prospective, cross sectional hospital based study, 94 patients were studied using standardized questionnaire including history and clinical examination.Result: The total number diagnosed to have PD was 94 patients. Male to female ratio was found to be1.5:1.Common age group affected was 70-80 years (24.47%).The common presenting symptom was found to be poverty of movement (93.6%) followed by tremor (82.98%). On neurologicalexamination; rigidity, dyskinesia and festinate gait were the common signs. Primitive reflexes were found in significant number of patients. Idiopathic PD was found to be the common type (75.53%). Of the side effects of benzhexol, 66.67% of our patients developed dry mouth. Postural hypotension was seen in 10.42% of the patients who were taking levodopa.Conclusion: The clinical presentations of our patients does not differ from what was mentioned in the literatureKeywords: rigidity, dyskinesia, festinate gait, benzhexol, levodopa.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Fertility and Rain Simulation During Grain Fill on Protein Content, Starch Quality, and Alpha-Amylase Activity in Winter Wheat

Two winter wheat cultivars ('Moro'-a soft white club and 'Mironovskaya 808'-a hard red common) were grown using various nitrogen fertilization levels and with artifical wetting of the heads at various stages in grain development. Changes in protein content and alpha-amylase activity were determined. The wetting treatments significantly influenced grain protein, alpha-amylase activity, and amylograph values; however, the effects of wetting treatments were cultivar dependent while the fertilizer treatments only influenced grain protein and was also cultivar dependent. Head wetting resulted in an increase in alpha-amylase activity and a decrease in amylograph values for Moro but not Mironovskaya 808.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The cost of policing New Urbanism

The principles of the housing planning guidance known as New Urbanism give little recognition to those that promote crime reduction contained in Secured by Design and the requirements of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Experience and research indicates that there will be consequences for significantly increased crime and disorder. The consequences of New Urbanism are estimated in terms of increased crime, demands for policing and the resource implications.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gridded emissions and land‐use data 2005–2100: Broad range of socioeconomic and climate mitigation assumptions

Gridded emissions and land‐use data under a full SSP/RCP matrix generated by a single IAM, the Asian‐Pacific Integrated Model (AIM), which we call the AIM‐SSP/RCP. The data cover 2005–2100 and complement the ScenarioMIP data.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Deep learning network based lifetime analysis of energy - fed traction power supply converter

This paper presents a life prediction method based on the parameters of the actual operation history data collected by the existing converter power unit sensors. Firstly, the characteristics of junction temperature curves of forced air-cooled radiator and power unit are extracted, and the deep learning neural network architecture is constructed based on the characteristics. Then the thermoelectric coupling model of power unit based on thermal resistance calculation theory is established, and the cumulative loss is obtained from the measured data. The deep learning network is trained and the model prediction is verified. Finally, the power unit loss distribution under different setting temperature thresholds and the correlation analysis with radiator parameters are obtained, which provides a feasible scheme for parameter setting and life prediction.

Topic: Energy Load and Power Forecasting
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prediction of operating parameters range for ammonia removal unit in coke making by-products

Coke oven gas treatment plants are well equipped with distributed control systems (DCS) and therefore recording the vast amount of operational data efficiently. Analyzing the stored information manually from historians is practically impossible. In this study, data mining technique was examined for lowering the ammonia concentration in clean coke oven gas. Results confirm that concentration of ammonia in clean coke oven gas depends on the average PCDC temperature; gas scrubber temperatures stripped liquor flow, stripped liquor concentration and stripped liquor temperature. The optimum operating ranges of the above dependent parameters using data mining technique for lowering the concentration of ammonia is described in this paper.

Topic: Coal and Coke Industries Research
Subfield: Fuel Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
‘LEARNING MOMENTS’ AS INSPECTABLE PHENOMENA OF INQUIRY IN A SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

Learning is an omnipresent feature of social life. However, in educational fields, learning is often studied through indirect instruments, such as surveys, interviews and coding schemes. In this paper, a praxiological approach to observe learning moments is proposed. This means that learning moments are not explored here through schematic reporting or statistical evaluations, but as accountable and inspectable phenomena as they became available in the corpus explored. Using a video-recorded fragment of interaction that occurred during a second language (L2) class in a primary school in Macau (China), the practical, collaborative instructed experiences of participants (teacher and students) in a lesson are analysed. It was observed that classroom participants attend to the categorial and sequential features of learning environments, which provide the contextual details that afford members’ realization of phenomena as learning moments. Stated differently, learning moments should not be confused with the successful accomplishment of a lesson plan just to satisfy programmatic (and disciplinary) requirements, but as something produced and accountable by participants as learning in and through their very practices of concerted interaction. As learning moments are ubiquitous characteristics of educational environments, the discussion of the results has pedagogical implications for teacher training, and for the assessment of teaching. Keywords: conversation analysis, ethnomethodology, learning moments, membership categorization, social competence, turn-allocated categories

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An interface for sketching 3D curves

Article An interface for sketching 3D curves Share on Authors: Jonathan M. Cohen Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RI Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RIView Profile , Lee Markosian Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RI Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RIView Profile , Robert C. Zeleznik Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RI Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RIView Profile , John F. Hughes Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RI Brown University Site of the NSF Science and Technology, Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, Providence, RIView Profile , Ronen Barzel PIXAR PIXARView Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '99: Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsApril 1999 Pages 17–21https://doi.org/10.1145/300523.300655Online:26 April 1999Publication History 89citation2,139DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations89Total Downloads2,139Last 12 Months26Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

Topic: Interactive and Immersive Displays
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Revision as an essential step in modeling to support predicting, observing, and explaining cellular respiration system dynamics

Comprehensive understanding of complex biological systems necessitates the use of computational models because they facilitate visualisation and interrogation of system dynamics and data-driven analysis. Computational model-based (CMB) activities have demonstrated effectiveness in improving students' understanding and their ability to use and reason with models. To maximise the effectiveness of computational modelling, this study examined an improved cognitive scaffolding and its impact on student learning of cellular respiration. This scaffolding proposes the predict-observe-revise-explain (PORE) sequence of tasks that explicitly challenge students to revise their predictions and computational models to resolve cognitive conflict. Based on revision work in a CMB activity, a sample of n = 362 undergraduate biology students were categorised into three groups – not expected to revise (NR, n = 109), required-revised (RR, n = 179), and required-did not revise (RDNR, n = 74). Students' performance in predict, revise, and explain tasks were significantly associated with post-test performance. RR students were more than twice as likely to demonstrate a positive learning gain in the post-test (odds ratio = 2.47) compared to RDNR students. While science education has implicitly acknowledged revision as a critical cognitive process in modelling, this study presents evidence that making revision an explicit cognitive task in a CMB activity supports student learning of a complex biological system.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ISANet: Deep Neural Network Approximating Image Sequence Assimilation for Tracking Fluid Flows

Current machine learning methods make a positive difference to outlook on data assimilation. In this paper, an efficient assimilation of image sequences that incorporated in a deep neural networks (DNN) framework is put forward. To tackle the motion estimation of fluid, the image model characterizing both the evolution of the tracers and the velocity was considered. Owing to the ability of describing nonlinear physical processes, the output of DNN substitutes deterministic information from physical laws. It will be consistent with observed images by optimizing the network parameters rather than the variable itself. The dimension of the variable to be determined will reduce. The regularized DNN that accounts for the characteristics of the flows was employed to improve the ability of structure preservation. Realistic assimilation of tracers image sequence from the perspective of the oceanic applications shows that the proposed method is robust for extracting velocity field with vortex structures.

Topic: Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predictors of mental state understanding in preschoolers of varying socioeconomic backgrounds

Two studies investigated the influence of age, language, and family background on the development of preschoolers' social cognitive skills. Study 1 examined variability in economically disadvantaged preschoolers' understanding of fantasy and evaluated the relation of age and language to children's skill in this area. Children were shown drawings of fantasy and real-life events and asked if the event could happen in real life and to justify their responses. Children were more likely to answer correctly when the drawing depicted real-life events. Age and language were positively related to children's overall understanding of fantasy. In Study 2, both low and middle SES preschoolers were included and two false belief understanding measures were added to the battery of tasks. As before, age and language were related to fantasy understanding as well as to false belief performance. In addition, SES was predictive of fantasy understanding, but not false belief performance, regardless of how it was assessed. Social competence was unrelated to the social cognitive variables, even when the effects of age, language, and SES were controlled.

Topic: Child and Animal Learning Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Output integral sliding mode control based on algebraic hierarchical observer

The problem of the realization of integral sliding mode controllers based only on output information is discussed. The implementation of an output integral sliding mode controller ensures insensitivity of the state trajectory with respect to the matched uncertainties from the initial time moment. In the case when the number of inputs is more than or equal to the number of outputs, the closed loop system, describing the output integral sliding mode dynamics, is shown to lose observability. For the case when the number of inputs is less than the number of outputs, a hierarchical sliding mode observer is proposed. The realization of the proposed observer requires a filtration to obtain the equivalent output injections. Assigning the first order low-pass filter parameter small enough (during this filter realization), the convergence time and the observation error can be made arbitrarily small. The results obtained are illustrated by simulations.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
EFFECTS OF CHITOSAN/PROCYANIDIN BASED COATINGS ON QUALITY OF FRESH BLUEBERRIES DURING STORAGE

Introduction. Blueberries are known to be rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Neverthless fresh berry fruit deteriorates rapidly due to water loss, mold growth (?) and ripe decay (1). Edible coatings were used as an alternative way of preservation because of their ability to reduce moisture loss, solute migration, respiration and transpiration rate, to maintain firmness and generally delay senescence (2). Many studies have investigated the effects of chitosan coatings on the quality, safety and antioxidant activity of fruits. .The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative edible coating, based on chitosan from mushrooms and procyanidins exract from grape seeds, on fresh blueberry quality maintenance. Materials and Methods. Two different coating solutions were prepared, each of them contained 1.5 % (w/w) of glycerol, 0.20% (w/w) of Tween® 20 and 1% (w/w) of lactic acid, solved in distilled water. In the first solution, chitosan from mushroom was added in a quantity of 1% (w/w); the second coating solution was prepared by combining chitosan from mushroom (1% w/w) and procyanidins extract from grape seeds (0.8% w/w). Whole blueberry fruit were dipped in the coating solutions, in two steps, blueberries dipped in distilled water with the same procedure were used as control. After a dehydration period of 90 min at 25° C coated berry samples were placed in plastic trays (PET) closed in micro- perforated bags (PLA) and stored at 4°C for 14 days. On coated blueberry fruits some chemico-phisical characteristics (weight loss, pH, dry matter, colour and firmness), antioxidant activity (ABTS method) and microbial growth were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14 days of storage. Results. For weight loss, pH and dry matter no differences were detected, among the control and the differently coated berry samples at each considered storage time. Both coating types induced a general lower lightness and a more blue colour in blueberry samples as compared with control one. Chitosan and chitosan + procyanidins coatings better maintained berry fruits firmness as compared to control ones until 14 days of storage. As expected the use of coating caused a slight increase in the antiradical activity that was the highest in blueberries coated with chitosan + procyanidins. Microbiological analysis results indicate that all the considered samples resulted below the spoilage threshold for total mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, molds, lactic acid bacteria and total coliforms, during the whole period of storage. Conclusions. The used innovative coatings showed a positive effect mainly on maintaining the firmness and increasing the antioxidant activity of blueberry samples. Results from this study demostrated the efficacy of new type of coating ingredients (chitosan and natural procyanidins) to maintain the overall quality of fresh blueberries during storage.

Topic: Pineapple and bromelain studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences