jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Legal Ethics in the Academic Curriculum:<i>Correspondent's Report from</i>the United Kingdom

The legal profession and legal academics in England and Wales continue to debate the value of compulsory legal ethics teaching and assessment within the academic stage of training. Learning and teaching of legal ethics has developed rapidly in recent years, but it remains an optional part of most law school academic curricula and is often left to professional conduct training at the vocational stage. Economides and Rogers' report to the Law Society, Preparatory Ethics Training for Future Solicitors, was published in March 2009. They recommended that 'awareness of and commitment to legal values and the moral context of the law, [be] mandatory in undergraduate law degrees'. They advised that an outcomes based approach be taken so as to permit flexibility but also that the professional bodies should provide assistance to law schools to introduce legal ethics teaching to law students. Their recommendations also extended to the vocational stage of training and postqualification CPD mandatory ethics training as well. The Law Society's Education and Training Committee commissioned Professor Andy Boon to consider and develop a model curriculum for legal ethics at the initial academic stage of training - perhaps a more modest approach than that originally envisaged by Economides and Rogers, but a bold step nonetheless against the backdrop of intense regulatory change as regards the legal professions in England and Wales as well as the major changes facing higher education institutions over the next few years.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Duct resonance and its effect on the performance of high pressure ratio axisymmetric ejectors

The effect of duct resonance on the performance of high-pressure ratio axisymmetric ejectors was investigated in a series of experiments involving analysis of the emitted noise and schlieren photography of the ejector duct flow. The thrust characteristics obtained with changing blowing pressure were found to contain irregularities, and these were found to be associated with certain tones of acoustic radiation which tuned to the transverse modes of the mixing duct. When varying the blowing pressure for a given ejector the discrete tone fundamental frequency showed a staging behavior, and the frequencies at the discontinuities separating the stages coincided with the calculated modes of the duct. For a given frequency discontinuity, the Helmholtz number (based on duct diameter), was found to be the same for all ejectors tested. For each family of ejectors having the same duct-length to diameter ratio, the blowing pressure at which certain discontinuities occurred varied linearly with duct to nozzle area ratio, and the thrust irregularities assumed similar linear relationships. Increasing the duct length greatly improved thrust augmentation in the relatively high-pressure range and shifted thrust irregularities and the corresponding frequency discontinuities to lower pressure ranges. The schlieren photographs showed that the primary jet spread, and its mixing with the entrained secondary stream, were evidently enhanced by duct resonance. The jet appeared to be surrounded by interspersed helical eddies and to be oscillating in a spinning mode.

Topic: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Through the Ol, and What the Maya Found There: Sacred Cenotes as Portals to the Otherworld

This article explores the origins and role of the portal in the ancient religion of the Maya, beginning with a possible naturally occurring archetype for the circular passageway, the cenote (tz’onot). I explore possible connections between the cenote and Mayan portal iconography with Yucatán geography, geology, and an asteroid impact crater (Chicxulub crater).Keywords:Geography, Latin American Studies, Archaeology, Geology, Maya Archaeology, Maya Art, Maya History, Mexico, Mexico, Ancient ReligionPlease cite as:Oman-Reagan, Michael P. 2006. “Through the Ol, and What the Maya Found There: Sacred Cenotes as Portals to the Otherworld.” SocArXiv, Open Science Framework. Manuscript, submitted January 23, 2017. osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/mhbdf

Topic: Latin American history and culture
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Implanting Loop Recorders in a Hospital Unit versus the Electrophysiology Laboratory: A Retrospective Chart Review

Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias and unexplained syncopal episodes remain a challenge for clinicians to diagnose. The recent creation of the smallest Implantable Loop Recorder (ILR) assists in identifying the causes behind cardiac and neurological events. The current study aimed to compare the practice of implanting loop recorders at the bedside in the Cardiac and Vascular Care Unit (CVCU) to implantations in the Electrophysiology Laboratory (EP Lab).

Topic: Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mapping vegetation structure in the Pinaleño Mountains using LiDAR – Phase 3: forest inventory modeling.

Understanding forest structure and how it is affected by management practices and natural events is a critical part of managing natural resources within the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Pinaleno Mountains of southeastern Arizona represent a Madrean sky island ecosystem and the last remaining habitat for the Mt. Graham red squirrel. This unique ecosystem is threatened by a general shift in species composition and forest structure as well as by high severity fires and insect infestations. Due to these factors, the Coronado National Forest has implemented a forest restoration effort using lidar (light detection and ranging) as a tool for identifying habitat and cataloging forest inventory variables at a landscape level. Forest inventory parameters were modeled by building regression models between forest inventory parameters measured on field plots and their associated lidar canopy metrics. Inventory parameters that could be successfully modeled with R2 values above 0.6 were calculated for the full extent of the lidar data. This created landscape GIS layers for inventory parameters such as biomass, basal area, Lorey's mean height, and timber volume. The resulting GIS inventory layers were qualitatively validated with local experts and conformed well to trends known to occur on the landscape. The layers are currently being used for additional analysis, project development, and monitoring.

Topic: Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correlates of Self-Transcendence in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyse studies investigating factors associated with self-transcendence in cancer patients. Material and Method: The study was conducted by electronically searching EBSCOhost, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Wiley Online Library databases, limiting the date range beginning until December 2023, and keywords "neoplasm”, “cancer", "tumour", "carcinoma", "self-transcendence", "correlation", "factors", "predictive", "relationship", "association" and "determinant" to identify eligible studies reporting correlations. Results: This systematic review included eight articles involving 1013 patients who met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a descriptive design. The "Self-Transcendence Scale (STS)" and "Temperament and Character Inventory Revised-Self-Transcendence (TCI-R-ST)” data-collection tools were used in these studies. The results showed that self-transcendence was positively correlated with optimism, social support, problem-focused coping, emotional well-being, quality of life, power, spiritual well-being, cognitive avoidance, fighting spirit, fatalism, and resilience among cancer patients. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between uncertainty, pain frequency, pain severity, insomnia, fatigue, concentration, appearance, outlook, helplessness-hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, and self-transcendence. Finally, there was a correlation between cancer stage and self-transcendence. Conclusion: Health-related, disease-related, and psychosocial variables are associated with self-transcendence in patients with cancer. Our research suggests that these insights could be used to inform the development of health promotion and prevention strategies by oncology nurses for patients with cancer.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
POST KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVES AND COMPLEX ECOLOGIC-ECONOMIC DYNAMICS

This paper considers the implications of complex ecologic–economic dynamics for three broad, Post Keynesian perspectives: the uncertainty perspective, the macrodynamics perspective and the Sraffian perspective. Catastrophic, chaotic and other complex dynamics will be seen as reinforcing the conceptual foundations of Keynesian uncertainty. Predator–prey models will be seen as deeply linked to Post Keynesian macrodynamic models. Finally, certain cases in ecologic–economic systems will be seen as generating such Sraffian, capital theoretic conundra as reswitching. Ecologic–economic models considered besides predator–prey will include fisheries, forestry, lake dynamics and global climatic–economic dynamics.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
NOVEL MICROSTRIP BANDPASS FILTERS WITH TRANSMISSION ZEROS

Some design methods for band-pass filters based on half- wavelength resonators have been proposed. The main feature of these methods is that n or n + 1transmission zeros can be generated for a structure composed of n resonators. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed filter structures, three kinds of two-pole compact microstrip hairpin filters are designed and fabricated. Good agreement between measured and simulated data has been demonstrated.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conclusion

In this dissertation, we address two classical and closely related problems in corporate finance: the valuation of convertible bonds and the structure of optimal conversion strategies. In the literature convertible bonds are primarily considered as a portfolio of a straight bond and an American call option with the firm value as the underlying. Its arbitrage- free value is determined under the assumption of a block conversion, i.e. all convertible bond holders convert all their bonds simultaneously. Technically, the valuation problem is solved as a free boundary problem with a high contact condition where applicable.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Association between Relative Amounts of White Blood Cell Counts: a Case of Distribution Dependent Correlations

We previously observed a positive association between relative amounts of particular body fatty acids, provided they had low-numbers relative to sum of the remaining ones. Additionally, theoretical considerations and computer experiments suggested that, with two high-number variables relative to one with much lower numbers, we should expect a negative relationship between relative amounts of the high-number variables. Moreover, the correlation outcomes with true values could be well reproduced using random numbers, provided that the numbers had the true ranges (distributions). This finding led to the concept of Distribution Dependent Correlations. Since counts of segmented neutrophil leukocytes (N) and lymphocytes (L) are normally much higher than sum of the remaining (R) white blood cells (WBC), it was suggested that %N might possibly be negatively associated with %L. In the present work, random numbers were sampled in lieu of reported WBC subgroup values, but using the measured mean ± SD values. The results demonstrate that relative amounts of random number “N” and “L” were indeed inversely related in both sexes: Spearman’s rho = -0.9, p &lt;0.001, n = 200, as observed using within-person data, and between-person data as well. Furthermore, an alteration in distributions (variability) of the WBC subgroup changed the correlation outcome, as evaluated by scatterplots and correlation coefficients. Decreasing (increasing) values of %R improved (made poorer) the negative association between %N and %L. Thus, the observed negative association between %N and %L seems to be a case of Distribution Dependent Correlations. Hypothetically, by directing WBC subgroup counts to particular places on the scale, a powerful tool is available to govern the associations between relative amounts of WBC subgroups.

Topic: Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experiences with a translabyrinthine-transtentorial approach to the cerebellopontine angle

✓ The technique, results, advantages, and complications of a combined translabyrinthine-transtentorial approach to the cerebellopontine angle are discussed. The method has been associated with a low morbidity and no operative mortality in 23 cases of acoustic nerve tumor and six with miscellaneous lesions.

Topic: Meningioma and schwannoma management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE ABILITY AND NUTRITION

For adult rats fed on the following six kinds of diets for about 80 days, intermediate metabolic substrates in serum, liver and skeletal muscle were determined. The components of feeding diet are as follows:1. STANDARD DIEF : 18% protein, 100 oil & 65% dextrin.2. HIGH PROTEIN-HIGH FAT DIET: 29% protein, 25% oil & 39% dextrin.3. LOW PROTEIN-LOW FAT DIET: 9% protein, 2% oil & 82% dextrin.4. STANDARD DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E.5. HIGH PROTEIN-HIGH FAT DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E.6. LOW PROTEIN-LOW FAT DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E. (reference : 1, 2, 3 ; due to National Institute of Nutrition)As the results increase of body weight was the least 3rd diet group, and by addition of choline chloride (above 4th, 5th & 6th diet groups) it were generally inhibited. Especially the latter phenomenon was remarkably observed in 6th diet group. Although intermediate metabolic substrates in skeletal muscle were no difference from their control levels, triglyceride and cholesterol of liver reduced also in 4th, 5th & 6th diet group, and FFA level of it increased on contrary. The triglycerides of interscapular brown fat and white fat of epididymis reduced in 4th, 5th & 6th diet groups. Furthermore, increase of triglyceride, FFA and cholesterol in serum observed in above 4th, 5th & 6th diet group, which will suggest that they might be removed from brown or white fat and choline chloride might play an important role of lipid-releasing effect from those tissues.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MS05.2 ECG From Paper-based Back to Digital Format

No established method for digitizing and digital measuring of paper electrocardiograms (ECG) exists. We describe a paper ECG digitizing and digital measuring process, and report comparability to manual measurements.A paper ECG was recorded from 7203 health survey participants in 1978–1980. With specific software, the ECGs were digitized (ECG Trace Tool), and measured digitally (EASE). A sub-sample of 100 ECGs was selected for manual measurements.The measurement methods showed good agreement. The mean global (EASE)-(manual) differences were 1.4 ms (95% CI 0.5–2.2) for PR interval, − 1.0 ms (95% CI − 1.5–[− 0.5]) for QRS duration, and 11.6 ms (95% CI 10.5–12.7) for QT interval. The mean inter-method amplitude differences of RampV5, RampV6, SampV1, TampII and TampV5 ranged from − 0.03 mV to 0.01 mV.The presented paper-to-digital conversion and digital measurement process is an accurate and reliable method, enabling efficient storing and analysis of paper ECGs.

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES STUDIES THROUGH SOFTWARE TOOLS: DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION IN THE SIMULATION OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS

In this paper is aim to design a new software tool that allows to create synthetic biology complex systems and genetic circuit designs, as well as to carry out the development of these models using a wide set of biological and biochemical rules. Thus, it will keep a very close relationship respect to the real characteristics of the biological systems and their environment, obtaining then a high reproducibility in the progress and simulation systems in relation to the progress of the real experiment. It will describe a comparison between two software tools which allow us to design, build and simulate synthetic biology networks and biochemical processes. The progress, improvement and combination of the distinct possibilities that offer both software as well as the analysis of a joint usage of them will result the creation of the new software.

Topic: Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Validity of the DIAL-R for Identifying Children with Special Education Needs and Predicting Early Reading Achievement

The validity of the DIAL-R for identifying special-needs children and predicting early achievement was investigated for 463 prekindergarten screening program participants. The DIAL-R was found to be useful for selecting children in need of follow-up services. A decision-to-refer rule based on one low DIAL-R area score was most satisfactory in identifying special-needs children (sensitivity = .57; specificity = .95). All children with more disabling educational handicaps and one-half of those with less severe impairments were identified. Findings supported the use of locally validated decision-to-refer rules and multiple cut-off scores (OK, monitor, refer). The correlation between DIAL-R and kindergarten Clymer-Barrett Readiness Test scores was r = .64 (p &lt;.01); the correlation of the DIAL-R with first-grade Stanford Reading Test scores was .54 (p &lt;.01). Consistent with findings for other screening instruments, results suggested that the DIAL-R has limited validity for predicting the achievement of individual children beyond kindergarten.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Long-term mortality rates and associated risk factors following primary and revision knee arthroplasty

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the long-term mortality rate, and to identify factors associated with this, following primary and revision knee arthroplasty (KA). Methods Data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project (1998 to 2019) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient mortality data were linked from the National Records of Scotland. Analyses were performed separately for the primary and revised KA cohorts. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for the population at risk. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards were used to identify predictors and estimate relative mortality risks. Results At a median 7.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 to 11.6) follow-up, 27.8% of primary (n = 27,474/98,778) and 31.3% of revision (n = 2,611/8,343) KA patients had died. Both primary and revision cohorts had lower mortality rates than the general population (SMR 0.74 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.74); p &lt; 0.001; SMR 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.86); p &lt; 0.001, respectively), which persisted for 12 and eighteight years after surgery, respectively. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality after primary KA included male sex (hazard ratio (HR) 1.40 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.45)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.50)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.68 to 1.90)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.68)), and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requiring revision (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.36)) when adjusting for age. Similarly, male sex (HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.49)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.52)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.37)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.01)), and revision for PJI (HR 1.35 (95% 1.18 to 1.55)) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality following revision KA when adjusting for age. Conclusion The SMR of patients undergoing primary and revision KA was lower than that of the general population and remained so for several years post-surgery. However, approximately one in four patients undergoing primary and one in three patients undergoing revision KA died within ten years of surgery. Several patient and surgical factors, including PJI, were associated with the risk of mortality within ten years of primary and revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):45–52.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Concepts about Interrelations among Duration, Distance, and Speed in Young Children

The main purpose of the present study was to clarify the developmental processes of the awareness of relations between duration, distance, and speed relative to linear movement, using a set of equivalent tasks for the three concepts. The participants were 84 children aged from 4 years 0 months to 6 years 11 months. In the initial phase, children were approaching awareness of the direct relations between duration and distance, and distance and speed. Subsequent to this initial phase, children began to be aware of the inverse relation between duration and speed. However, this developmental direction was not completely monotonic. That is: (1) a completely correct grasp of the two direct relations seemed to strengthen an incorrect grasp of the relation between duration and speed as direct; and (2) incorrect answers regarding the two relations as inverse seemed to appear a little more often when the inverse relation between duration and speed began to be sometimes correctly grasped. Finally, children were almost fully aware of the two direct relations and the one inverse relation. However, even in this state, children seemed to judge intuitively and not based on the duration-distance-speed system but based on the co-ordination of two by two relations.

Topic: Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences