jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On dynamics and mixing of inflowing saltwater in the Arkona Sea

Time series measurements of temperature, salinity and current at the sills and the rim of the Arkona Basin have been performed during the winter seasons 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 together with ship‐based measurements of stratification and currents covering the whole Arkona Basin. The well‐mixed brackish surface was separated from the stratified saline bottom water by a halocline at a mean depth of 30 m. The saline bottom water was contained in an up to 15 m thick pool filling the central part of the Arkona Basin. This stratification resulted in a 6 km wide Rossby radius and a phase velocity of 0.7 m/s for the first baroclinic mode. The mean stratification was disturbed by cyclonic geostrophic eddies with a characteristic radius equal to the first baroclinic Rossby radius and up‐ and downwelling processes in the coastal boundary layer. 90% of the variability of the vertical current profile can be described by the first and second EOF. The most pronounced feature of the current profile is the existence of an Ekman bottom friction layer found in both modes. The thickness of the Ekman layer of the barotropic mode is 10–15 m and that of the baroclinic mode is about 5m. The baroclinic circulation consists of a pulsating cyclonic motion in the bottom layer and an anticyclonic motion in the upper layer along the rim of the Arkona Basin, driven by the spilling of saline bottom water over the sills into the Arkona Basin. The saline bottom water is flowing as gravity current from the sills into the Arkona Basin which is in a first order balanced by gravity and the Coriolis force, whereas friction is smaller than the other two forces involved. The friction imposes a spiral motion into the center of the Arkona Basin where it contributes to the dense bottom water pool. The front of the dense bottom water moves with a phase speed of about 30 cm/s at the westerly rim and slows down to about 10 cm/s along the southerly and easterly rim of the Arkona Basin. Evidence was found that the dense bottom water plume mixes with the ambient water by wind induced entrainment in the vicinity of the sill. The main mixing mechanism of a propagating saltwater plume is mixing of the water ahead of its front with the bottom water behind the front by differential advection.

Topic: Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Numerical Analysis of Turbulent Diffusion Combustion in Porous Media

Turbulent methane-air combustion in porous burner is numerically investigated. Several computed field variables considered include temperature, stream function, and species mass fractions. The one-step reaction considered consists of 4 species. The analysis was done through a comparison with the gas-phase combustion. Porous combustion was found to level down the peak temperature while giving more uniform distribution throughout the domain. The porous combustion as in a burner is proved to provide wider flame stability limits and can hold an extended range of firing capabilities due to an energy recirculation.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigation of the protein dynamics of the Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 aminopeptidases.

The prevention and treatment of malaria is becoming increasingly difficult due to the spread of drug resistance. There is an urgent need for next generation of antimalarials. The M1 and M17 aminopeptidase enzymes represent new drug targets for malaria. Current studies have considered the structure and function of these enzymes but not how they move and how such movement relates to function. The results of this thesis provided fundamental knowledge on how dynamics affects both catalysis and regulation of activity of the two enzymes and provided key information that will be of broad benefit to future drug discovery programs.

Topic: Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS AN INFORMATION SOURCE FOR THE FINANCIAL CONDITION ANALYSIS AT THE ENTERPRISE

Financial statements contain a wide range of indicators that are required for the correct assessment of the financial resources, directions of investment and efficiency of financial resources usage at the enterprise. This enables to ensure the adoption of the necessary management decisions, to raise funds to finance the activities of the entity from potential investors. In the research, the author has considered the essence, the purpose of drawing up and interested users of the financial statements, its shortcomings in the analysis of a financial condition. The article has proved that the financial statements of the company need improvement to ensure fuller satisfaction of the information needs of interested users, as the existing system of indicators of this report does not fully solve all the problems of financial condition analysis of the company. The author has suggested the following ways to improve the structure of financial statements of the enterprise: 1) in the Income Statement: – adding lines that will show fixed and variable costs of the enterprise; – showing in a separate line the financial costs related to the accrual of interest for the use of borrowed funds; 2) in the Cash Flow Statement (created by the direct method): – adding an additional section, which reflects the monthly receipt and expenditure of cash (during the reporting and previous period); 3) in the Financial Statement Notes: – providing a detailed interpretation of the articles from the previous forms so that users do not have questions about the content of articles that contain the word «others»; – providing the necessary information about the renewal of fixed assets; the usage of equipment; rationing of current assets; changes in overdue receivables; structure of receivables and payables in terms of such types as debts under the terms of contracts and overdue debts; – publishing the index of prices for products of the enterprise and the index of change in the cost of production compared to the previous year; buyers and suppliers the company interacts with; prices and profitability of securities owned by the company; investments in inventory incurred during the year; 4) approving a single form of the Financial Statement Notes that will ensure uniformity of information presentation by all domestic enterprises.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Innovation attributes and managers' decisions about the adoption of innovations in organizations: A meta-analytical review

The adoption of innovations has emerged as one of the dominant research topic in the management of innovations in organizations, though investigations often yield mixed results. To help managers and researchers improve the effectiveness of their efforts, the authors employed meta-analysis integrated by structural equation modeling to analyze the associations between the attributes of innovations, behavioral preferences of managers and organizations' innovation adoption decisions in a mediated-moderated framework. Our findings offer evidences that attributes of innovations influence behavioral preferences of managers and, in turn, adoption decisions in organizations. We also observe that the context in which the adoption decision takes place and the research settings employed by scholars matter. Finally, the theoretical contribution and practical implications of our meta-analytical results are discussed. Keywords: Attributes of innovations, Managers' behavioral preferences, Organizations' innovation adoption decisions, Meta-analysis, Mediation-moderation

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Vasorelaxant profile of the extract and an acetylated flavonoid fraction obtained from Calea prunifolia HBK.

Introduction: This study shows the vasorelaxant profile in isolated aortic rings from Wistar rats of the ethanolic extract and the acetylated flavonoid fraction obtained from Calea prunifolia, specie used in Colombian folk medicine for the treatment of arterial hypertension. Objectives: To study possible action mechanisms implicated in the response induced by the ethanolic extract and the acetylated flavonoid fraction obtained from C. prunifolia in isolated aortic rings. Methodology: After verifying the hypotensive effect of the etanolic extract in anaesthetized rats, the response induced by the extract and the acetylated flavonoid fraction (1 μg/ml-100 mg/ml) in isolated aortic rings from Wistar rats contracted with KCl (80 mM) or phenylephrine (1 μM) was studied. Then, the effect of the extract and the fraction was assessed in deendothelized rings contracted with KCl or in intact rings contracted with KCl (80 mM) and preincubated with one of the following substances: L-NAME (0.1 mM, NO-sintasa inhibitor), methylene blue (1 μM, guanyl ciclasa inhibitor), glibenclamide (1 μM, K+ATP channel inhibitor), atropine (30 μM, muscarinic antagonist), propranolol (1 μM, b receptor blocker), or indomethacin (1 μM, COX inhibitor). The response induced in rings contracted with CaCl2 in Krebs solution without Ca2+ also was analised. Results: The ethanolic extract elicited a dose-response (5-75 mg/kg. iv.) decrease in the blood pressure levels without affecting heart rate in anaesthetized rats. Both, extract and fraction relaxed KCl (80 mM) and phenyle-phrine (1 μM) precontracted isolated aorta rings with IC50 of 35 and 67 mg/ml against KCl and 34 and 66 mg/ml against phenylephrine, respectively. Rings exposed to CaCl2 in Krebs’ solution without Ca2+ showed the better response induced by both extract and fraction. Discussion: These results suggest that acetylated flavonoid compounds play a key role in the vasorelaxant effect induced by C. prunifolia by mechanisms mainly related to calcium channels antagonism.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New methods and advances of high-resolution spectroscopy

УСПЕХИ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ НАУКФИЗИКА НАШИХ ДНЕЙ 535.8^3.4НОВЫЕ ПРИЕМЫ И ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ ВЫСОКОЙ РАЗРЕШАЮЩЕЙ СИЛЫ И. Л. Фабелинский, И. Л. Чистый СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 1. Введение 487 2. Основные характеристики плоского эталона Фабри -Перо 490 3. Интерферометр Фабри -Перо со сферическими зеркалами 492 4. Тандем-, или компаунд-и многопроходный интерферометр Фабри -Перо 495 5. Двухпроходный интерферометр Фабри -Перо со сферическими зеркалами 497 6. Установка и поддержание параллельности зеркал в плоском многопроходном интерферометре Фабри -Перо 499 а) Автоматическое поддержание параллельности зеркал (499).(б) Трипльпризма (501).7. Методика применения йодного светофильтра 502 а) Приготовление йодной ячейки и выбор ее параметров (503).б) Стабилизация частоты Аг + -лазера по линии поглощения иода.Описание действующей установки (504).S. Некоторые результаты исследования спектров молекулярного рассеяния света с применением многопроходного или тандем-интерферометра Фабри -Перо 507 а) Исследования спектров рассеянного света при фазовых переходах в несовершенных кристаллах (507).б) Исследование спектров рассеянного света в непрозрачных кристаллах и металлах.Рассеяние света на акустических магнонах (511).в

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cross-linking of T3 (CD3) with T4 (CD4) enhances the proliferation of resting T lymphocytes.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies reactive with defined T lymphocyte surface antigens were covalently coupled to protein A-Sepharose beads using the bifunctional imidoester, dimethyl pimelimidate. Sepharose-immobilized antibody reactive with T3 induced the proliferation of resting T lymphocytes in the presence of either recombinant interleukin 2 or phorbol myristate acetate. When monoclonal antibodies reactive with T3 and T4 were coupled to the same Sepharose bead (hereafter designated Sepharose (T3:T4)), proliferation was enhanced an average of three-fold. Similarly prepared Sepharose beads coupled to anti-T3 and anti-T8 also enhanced proliferation over that observed with anti-T3 alone. Sepharose (T3:T4) similarly increased the proliferation of T4+ lymphocytes and a T4+ clone but failed to enhance the proliferation of T8+ lymphocytes. The increased proliferation of T4+ lymphocytes resulted from a preferential activation of the T4+2H4- helper population over the T4+2H4+ suppressor-inducer population. The enhanced proliferation induced by Sepharose (T3:T4) could be completely inhibited by soluble anti-T4. These results suggest that perturbation of T3 may be a minimal signal for T cell activation and that the assembly of a multimeric complex including T3 and T4 may be required for optimal T cell activation.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Postharvest drying of walnuts: Effect of drying methods on walnut quality

It has been demonstrated that drying can significantly promote the antioxidant active substances of fresh walnut, as well as enhance lipid content and conversion of glycerol phospholipids to lysophospholipids in walnut. Currently, oven drying (OD) and natural air drying (NAD) are the two most commonly used drying methods for walnut. However, the differences in their effects on the quality of the final product remain unclear. This study investigated the effect of OD and NAD on the phenotypic and physiological properties and lipid oxidation of four main walnut varieties W10, W179, W185, X2 in Xinjiang, China, and determined the correlations among these properties. The results showed that OD could maintain plump and yellowish white kernels, whereas NAD led to noticeably darker and more wrinkled kernels at the end of drying. In addition, an analysis of quality-related metabolites revealed that two representative lipids PC (18:2_18:2) and PC (18:1_16:0) had completely different patterns under OD and NAD, and the metabolites highly relevant to these two lipids were mainly enriched in amino acid and ascorbate metabolism pathways. Comprehensive physiological and metabolite analysis indicated that OD outperforms NAD in maintaining walnut quality, and may be applied to industrial walnut drying.

Topic: Nuts composition and effects
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Skill-based Gambling Machines: Consumer attitudes and capacity for informed choice

Abstract\nSkill-based gambling machines combine elements of video games (skill, social interaction, competition, achievement and progress) with the random pay-out schedule of electronic gaming machines (EGMs, slots, pokies, VLTs, FOBTS). These new machines are designed to be more engaging than traditional EGMs and specifically appeal to younger generations to address the aging EGM player base apparent in many international jurisdictions. Skill-based gambling machines are currently only legally-provided in a handful of U.S. states. International regulators have expressed concerns regarding the potential for machines to lead to harms due to players misunderstanding the extent to which skill can influence outcomes (illusions of control) and the subsequent capacity for informed consent. The extent to which consumers are interested in playing the new machines is not well understood, making their commercial viability unknown.\nThis presentation will share research results from two empirical studies examining consumer attitudes towards skill-based gaming machines, their interest and intent to play, and the extent to which they understand the role of skill vs. chance. Participants were recruited online and from U.S. casinos which provide skill-based gaming machines and completed surveys after exposure to the machines.\nImplications\nThis presentation will provide research evidence regarding two important questions for researchers, regulators, policy makers, and industry professionals about skill-based gambling machines: Who is likely to play these? And Do consumers understand how skill-based gambling machines work?\nAcknowledgment \nThis research was conducted with assistance from GameCo. The efforts of Mr. Blaine Graboyes and Ms. Danielle Rosenberg to facilitate participant recruitment are greatly appreciated.\nFunding\nThis work was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award [DE1060100459] awarded to Dr. Sally Gainsbury. In-kind support for this research was provided by GameCo.

Topic: Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Constraints of internal market law on family law

What international family law is ânecessary for the proper functioning of the internal marketâ? An in-depth analysis of international family law within the European Union from a multidisciplinary approach was needed to tackle this central theme. Articles 61c and 65 of the EC Treaty expressly place civil judicial cooperation in the perspective of the proper functioning of the internal market and thus appear to grant it a distinct âeconomicâ flavour. Still, the link between civil cooperation and, a fortiori, family law on the one hand and economic integration on the other hand, is not self-evident.\n\nA key question today is to what extent and according to what framework the European legislator can and should act in the field of international family law. This book provides clear answers to that crucial question.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fully and Semi-discrete Fourth-order Schemes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

Abstract A new fourth order accurate centered finite difference scheme for the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws is presented. A technique of making the fourth order scheme TVD is presented. The resulting scheme can avoid spurious oscillations and preserve fourth order accuracy in smooth parts. We discuss the extension of the TVD scheme to the nonlinear scalar hyperbolic conservation laws. For nonlinear systems, the TVD constraint is applied by solving shallow water equations. Then, we propose to use this fourth order flux as a building block in spatially fifth order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes. The numerical solution is advanced in time by the third order TVD Runge — Kutta method. The performance of the scheme is assessed by solving test problems. The numerical results are presented and compared to the exact solutions and other methods.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dark Tourism: can you have a Hierarchy of Tragedy ?

As those developing the notion of Dark Tourism seek to establish it as a paradigm and to differentiate it from mainstream Tourism, a sharp debate has arisen as to the efficacy of both traditional Tourism models and those being proposed by Dark Tourism advocates. This paper seeks to explore that debate, further, by addressing the tourist experiences generated.&#13;\n&#13;\nDrawing on both traditional Tourism models and emerging Dark Tourism models, the paper will ask the audience to re-evaluate their perceptions of likely tourist experiences at a number of Dark Tourism sites.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe paper will use counterpoints [e.g. the first and third Manhattan bombings] and contrasts between mainstream sites [e.g. war memorials and concentration camps] and lesser known sites [such as the Frongoch camp, or the Buschmannshof] to highlight the diversity and complexity of experiences that must be dealt with. Moreover, sites that don’t seem mired in controversy [such as the waterfronts of Ostend and Liverpool] will be shown to be deeply involved and, so, requiring cogent management of the tourist experience.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe paper will use the examples and draw upon the current debate to focus the audience’s attention to the critical factors that will be at the heart of the models and approaches adopted in the coming years.&#13;\n

Topic: Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Functional significance of the dark central floret of <i>Daucus carota</i> (Apiaceae) L.; is it an insect mimic?

Abstract In Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae) the florets comprising the central umbellet of inflorescences are usually pink or dark purple, presenting a marked contrast to the surrounding umbellets, which are generally white. The number of dark florets varies, and some inflorescences have no dark florets. It has been proposed that the dark florets function as an insect mimic, and in so doing serve to attract insects to the flower. In contrast, other authors, Darwin included, suggest that they are functionally redundant. The present study examined whether the dark florets attract insects, and also whether this effect can be replicated by replacing these florets with an insect. At the study site in Portugal the predominant insect visitor was the beetle Anthrenus verbasci L. (Dermestidae), which is similar in size and shape to the dark florets. Large inflorescences and those with more dark florets attracted more beetles than small inflorescences and those with fewer or no dark florets. Inflorescences with the dark florets removed attracted fewer beetles visitors compared with intact inflorescences. Inflorescences in which the dark florets were replaced with one or a cluster of five dead, freeze‐killed A. verbasci attracted more beetles than inflorescences from which the dark florets had been removed. Replacement of the dark florets with a relatively large Meloid beetle resulted in the attraction of markedly fewer A. verbasci . We conclude that the dark florets can act as an insect attractant for some insect groups by acting as an insect mimic, and that they are adaptive, in contrast to the speculations of Darwin.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Miller-Fisher Syndrome and Guillain-Barre Syndrome overlap syndrome in a patient post Oxford-AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

We describe a patient who developed bilateral oculomotor nerve palsy, ataxia, facial diplegia and lower limb weakness 2 weeks post-Oxford-AstraZeneca SARS-CoV2 vaccination, consistent with Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) overlap syndrome. Although some features of the patient’s presentation were typical of recently reported cases of a rare GBS variant post-Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination, including severe facial weakness and a lack of respiratory involvement, to our knowledge this is the first reported case of MFS associated with SARS-CoV2 vaccination. While postvaccination GBS remains rare, it appears to have a favourable prognosis, and recognising this entity is therefore important for patient counselling and monitoring for potential complications.

Topic: Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences