jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Toxicology Studies with Acyclovir: Ophthalmic and Cutaneous Tests

Journal Article Preclinical Toxicology Studies with Acyclovir: Ophthalmic and Cutaneous Tests Get access WALTER E. TUCKER, Jr, WALTER E. TUCKER, Jr Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RONALD E. JOHNSTON, RONALD E. JOHNSTON Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALEXANDER W. MACKLIN, ALEXANDER W. MACKLIN Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT J. SZOT, ROBERT J. SZOT Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERTRUDE B. ELION, GERTRUDE B. ELION Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAULO de MIRANDA, PAULO de MIRANDA Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE M. SZCZECH GEORGE M. SZCZECH Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toxicological Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 6, November 1983, Pages 569–572, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/3.6.569 Published: 01 November 1983

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The national assembly

Journal Article The national assembly Get access Ross O'connell Ross O'connell 1Killarney Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-VIII, Issue 202, 9 November 1889, Page 369, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-VIII.202.369b Published: 09 November 1889

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Latin American Immigrants' Perceptions of Discrimination and Acquisition of English as a Second Language as a Result of Using a Community Social Support Center

The associations between Latin American immigrants' use of a community social support center and perceived discrimination and language acquisition were investigated. All variables were measured by respondents' self-reports on a questionnaire designed to obtain demographic data as well as describe the needs of the Latin American community in rural Northern Utah . Chi-square analyses indicated a statistically significant association between use of the center and acquisition of English as a second language. No relationship was found between use of the center and perceived discrimination. The results of this study provide valuable demographic data as well as describe some of the experiences Latin American immigrants face upon immigrating to the United States.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
TOP FIVE RULES TO AVOID NEUROVASCULAR INJURY DURING TSA

Analysis of orthopaedic malpractice claims has shown that highest impact allegations (highest payment dollars per claim) were those that were related to failure to protect anatomic structures in surgical fields. The prevalence of subclinical peripheral neurologic deficit following reverse and anatomic shoulder arthroplasty has been reported to be 47% and 4%, respectively. We propose the following five rules in order to avoid neurovascular injury during shoulder arthroplasty cases: Pre-operative planning would assure a smooth operation without intra-operative difficulties. Adequate planning would include appropriate imaging, obtaining previous operative reports, complete pre-operative neurovascular examination and requesting the necessary operative equipment. Tug test: It is crucial to palpate the axillary nerve and be aware of its location. The tug test is a systematic technique for locating and protecting the axillary nerve. Neuromonitoring has been utilised in shoulder surgery in the past. Nagda et al showed that nerve alerts during shoulder arthroplasty occurred 56.7% of the time and 50% of the events were with the arm in abduction, external rotation and extension; 76.7% of signals returned to normal with retractor removal and change in arm positioning. We recommend removing all retractors and returning the arm to neutral position several times during surgery, especially during the glenoid exposure when the arm is in abduction and external rotation. Newer commercially available nerve stimulators are extremely useful in locating and protecting neurovascular structures. We recommend brachial plexus exploration and axillary nerve dissection with the aid of a nerve stimulator in all revision cases. Availability of a nerve/microvascular surgeon as an assistant in revision cases for brachial plexus exploration using a microscope is crucial for successful revision surgery.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of SnO2 Addition on the Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Microplatelets

In order to prepare platelet-like spinel expected as the reinforcing phase, different amounts (5 – 20 at %) of SnO2 were added into the mixture of magnesia and alumina platelets, and then heated at 1300 – 1600 °C for 5 h. Effects of SnO2 addition on the synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel microplatelets were investigated. The synthesized spinel was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Spinel platelets like “sesame cookie” formed derived from platelet alumina based on the template process. The highest spinel content in samples with 10 % of SnO2 addition achieved. The amount of Al2O3 and SnO2 in solid solution and degree of orneriness for spinel depended on SnO2 addition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.24.1.17530

Topic: Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from miR-221 Silencing Blocks Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Promotes Survival

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) face a dismal prognosis because of a lack of any effective therapies. To address this situation, we conducted a preclinical investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of oligonucleotides directed against the oncogenic microRNA miR-221, which has been implicated in HCC. Of 9 chemistries evaluated, we determined that a 2′-&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-methyl phosphorothioate-modified anti-miR-221 oligonucleotide was most effective at reducing proliferation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. A cholesterol-modified isoform of anti-miR-221 (chol-anti-miR-221) exhibited improved pharmacokinetics and liver tissue distribution compared with unmodified oligonucleotide. Chol-anti-miR-221 significantly reduced miR-221 levels in liver within a week of intravenous administration and &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization studies confirmed accumulation of the oligonucleotide in tumor cells &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Within the same period, chol-anti-miR-221 reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased markers of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, elevating the tumor doubling time and increasing mouse survival. Taken together, our findings offer a preclinical proof of efficacy for chol-anti-miR-221 in a valid orthotopic mouse model of HCC, suggesting that this targeted agent could benefit treatment for patients with advanced HCC. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(24); 7608–16. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of the future in student motivation

Abstract Students' multiple goals and motivations for engaging in school learning are discussed. Our discussion is organized around two divisions of student motivation: intrinsic-extrinsic motivation and future-present orientation. In the case of future-present orientation, an extensive review of both the history of this concept and several studies that provide insight into the relation of Future Time Perspective (FTP) to human motivation is provided. A brief review of literature on intrinsic motivation and goal theory is also provided. We consider the possibility that intrinsic motivation and FTP can be integrated in a meaningful way. We believe that providing a theoretical base for understanding this interaction will contribute toward developing a multidimensional picture of student motivation.

Topic: Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Dirençliliğin Temeli

The concept of resilience has been described in different ways since 1970s once mentioning in ecology and going through conceptual framework in disaster field. Each new definition makes the meaning broader so that the point we have reached today, resilience has a comprehensive meaning but less quantifiable (performance measures are defined by Bruneau et al, 2003). On the other hand as Rose (2007) underlined, the term of “resilience is in danger of becoming a vacuous buzzword from overuse and ambiguity” such as the term of “sustainability” in 1990s.

Topic: Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Landmark article Sept 9, 1944: Penicillin treatment of early syphilis: II. By J.F. Mahoney, R.C. Arnold, B.L. Sterner, A. Harris and M.R. Zwally

In a preliminary report<sup>1</sup>the influence of penicillin therapy on the clinical manifestations and serologic reactions of patients with early syphilis was presented. The report was based on the results of a curtailed period of observation of a group of 4 patients. It is our purpose in the present paper to record the findings of post-treatment observation of the original group for periods in excess of three hundred days. It is also desired to record certain items of information which have resulted from the treatment of an additional 100 patients. <h3>REVIEW OF ORIGINAL GROUP</h3> Of the group of 4 patients the records of whom formed the basis for the preliminary report,<sup>1</sup>all have been maintained under observation. It will be recalled that these patients displayed dark field positive lesions of early syphilis at the time of treatment. The therapy consisted of an intramuscular injection of 25,000 units of penicillin

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anxiety, depression, and end‐of‐life care utilization in adults with metastatic cancer

Abstract Objective End‐of‐life care for patients with cancer is often overly burdensome, and palliative and hospice care are underutilized. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the mental health diagnoses of anxiety and depression were associated with variation in end‐of‐life care in metastatic cancer. Methods This study used electronic health data from 1,333 adults with metastatic cancer who received care at two academic health centers in Louisiana, USA, and died between 1/1/2011–12/31/2017. The study used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and logistic regression to examine whether anxiety and depression diagnoses in the six months before death were associated with utilization outcomes (chemotherapy, intensive care unit [ICU] visits, emergency department visits, mechanical ventilation, inpatient hospitalization, palliative care encounters, and hospice utilization), while controlling for key demographic and health covariates. Results Patients (56.1% male; 65.6% White, 31.1% Black) commonly experienced depression (23.9%) and anxiety (27.2%) disorders within six months of death. Anxiety was associated with an increased likelihood of chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, p = 0.016), ICU visits (OR = 1.40, p = 0.013), and inpatient hospitalizations (OR = 1.85, p &lt; 0.001) in the 30 days before death. Anxiety (OR = 1.95, p &lt; 0.001) and depression (OR = 1.34, p = 0.038) were associated with a greater likelihood of a palliative encounter. Conclusions Patients with metastatic cancer who had an anxiety disorder were more likely to have burdensome end‐of‐life care, including chemotherapy, ICU visits, and inpatient hospitalizations in the 30 days before death. Depression and anxiety both increased the odds of palliative encounters. These results emphasize the importance of mental health considerations in end‐of‐life care.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Linear RF power amplifier design for MIRS M-16 QAM signals: a spectrum analysis approach

One of the critical and costly components in digital cellular communication systems is the RF power amplifier. Theoretically, one of the main concerns in an RF power amplifier design is the nonlinear effect of the amplifier. Quantitatively, so far, no explicit relationship or expression currently exists between the out-of-band emission level and the nonlinearity description related to the third-order intercept point (IP 3). Further, in experiments and analysis, it was discovered that, in some situations, using IP 3 only is not accurate enough to describe the spectrum regrowth, especially when the fifth-order intercept point (IP 5) is relatively significant compared to the third-order intermodulation. In this article, we analyse the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier in the MIRS M-16 QAM system, give an expression for the estimation of the out-of-band emission levels for a MIRS M-16 QAM power spectrum in terms of the IP 3 and the IP 5 as well as the power level of the signal. This result will be useful in the design of an RF power amplifier for a MIRS wireless system.

Topic: Advanced Power Amplifier Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Socio-Emotional Assessment of University Students in the Physical Education Course During the Pandemic

ABSTRACT To evaluate the impacts of the pandemic on the socio-emotional state of university students of the Physical Education course at the State University of Piauí (UESPI) during the pandemic period. This research has a descriptive characteristic with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 39 students of both sexes. Due to the pandemic situation, it was only applied between the 5th to 8th periods. Participants responded to the socio-emotional self-assessment. The measures adopted were absolute frequencies and quantitative variables and means and standard deviation, as well as the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify that the data followed the distribution. (%). The difference between the standard components was Un for sample test for metric with two categories and Kruskal-W for three samples for samples with categories or more. It was observed that of the five socio-emotional skills, the female audience has the highest average in self-regulation, self-knowledge and responsible decision-making, reaching an average of 1.54; 1.93 and 1.79 respectively. The male audience reached the highest media in terms of social awareness and relationship skills, with the respective values being 1.53 and 1.53. The values presented in the standard deviation were respectively 0.204 in self-regulation, 0.013 in self, 0.101 in social awareness, 0.879 in relationship skills and 0.531 in decision making. The research points out that the Physical Education course at UESPI has a heterogeneous socio-emotional state, but the female audience reached a higher level than the male audience in 3 of the 5 socio-emotional skills.

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Identification and structural analysis of factors affecting the development of health tourism; a case study on Tehran city, Iran.

Introduction: Many cities in Iran have specialized human resources and appropriate medical facilities, and have the potential to attract tourists. What is essential in realizing these capacities is the recognition of tourists' mental image of the potentials of therapeutic tourism destinations. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of therapeutic tourism. Methods: The study was a descriptive survey in Tehran, Iran, during summer and autumn of 2018 and winter of 2019. First, 38 factors influencing the development of therapeutic tourism were identified, and then by Delphi method, 34 factors were identified for formulating a questionnaire. With the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, a sample of 432 health tourists in Tehran with a history of frequent referral were selected randomly. Data analysis was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. Results: By factor analysis, six main components were identified as factors affecting the development of therapeutic tourism. The factors affecting the development of tourism were as the quantity of health services (human resources and facilities available), quality of health services, living conditions, amenities and tourism, socio-cultural characteristics, advertising, and information. Conclusion: Despite the importance of quantity and quality of health services, due to the increasing demand for travel, patients traveling to receive treatment need more services, and consider the level of service development in different aspects. One-dimensional attention to the expansion of health care cannot guarantee the development of this type of tourism, and the supply of other tourist needs, such as recreation, favorable living conditions, and pleasant memories, is a sufficient condition for development.

Topic: Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Immunosubversive role of PGE2 in tumor bearing mice.

The immunosuppressive activity of tumor cells was studied in vivo and in vitro using C57BL/6 mice and Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells. The SRBC immunization of tumor-bearing mice in vivo gave a lower number of PFC than the control mice. In vitro, employing the Mishell and Dutton technique, the primary immune response of splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice was significantly reduced. The in vitro primary immune response of normal splenocytes was also reduced when the tumor cells or supernatants of tumor cell cultures were present during SRBC immunization. 3LL cells synthesize a large quantity of PGE2 which was also demonstrated in the supernatants of 3LL cell cultures. Nevertheless, as the addition of indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of the prostaglandin synthesis, only partially reduces the tumor cell immunosuppressive action, prostaglandins are conceivably only one of the factors responsible for the immunodepression exerted by the tumor cells.

Topic: Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reliability and concurrent validity of a new <scp>iP</scp>hone<sup>®</sup> goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects

Abstract Measurement of wrist range of motion ( ROM ) is often considered to be an essential component of wrist physical examination. The measurement can be carried out through various instruments such as goniometers and inclinometers. Recent smartphones have been equipped with accelerometers and magnetometers, which, through specific software applications (apps) can be used for goniometric functions. This study, for the first time, aimed to evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of a new smartphone goniometric app (Goniometer Pro©) for measuring active wrist ROM . In all, 120 wrists of 70 asymptomatic adults (38 men and 32 women; aged 18–40 years) were assessed in a physiotherapy clinic located at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. Following the recruitment process, active wrist ROM was measured using a universal goniometer and iP hone ® 5 app. Two blinded examiners each utilized the universal goniometer and iP hone ® to measure active wrist ROM using a volar/dorsal alignment technique in the following sequences: flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation. The second (2 h later) and third (48 h later) sessions were carried out in the same manner as the first session. All the measurements were conducted three times and the mean value of three repetitions for each measurement was used for analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) models (3, k) and (2, k) were used to determine the intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to establish concurrent validity of the iP hone ® app. Good to excellent intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability was demonstrated for the goniometer with ICC values of ≥ 0.82 and ≥ 0.73 and the iP hone ® app with ICC values of ≥ 0.83 and ≥ 0.79, respectively. Minimum detectable change at the 95% confidence level ( MDC 95 ) was computed as 1.96 × standard error of measurement × √2. The MDC 95 ranged from 1.66° to 5.35° for the intra‐rater analysis and from 1.97° to 6.15° for the inter‐rater analysis. The concurrent validity between the two instruments was high, with r values of ≥ 0.80. From the results of this cross‐sectional study, it can be concluded that the iP hone ® app possesses good to excellent intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability and concurrent validity. It seems that this app can be used for the measurement of wrist ROM . However, further research is needed to evaluate symptomatic subjects using this app.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimal stopping problems for maxima and minima in models with asymmetric information

We derive closed-form solutions to optimal stopping problems related to the pricing of perpetual American withdrawable standard and lookback put and call options in an extension of the Black-Merton-Scholes model with asymmetric information. It is assumed that the contracts are withdrawn by their writers at the last hitting times for the underlying risky asset price of its running maximum or minimum over the infinite time interval which are not stopping times with respect to the observable filtration. We show that the optimal exercise times are the first times at which the asset price process reaches some lower or upper stochastic boundaries depending on the current values of its running maximum or minimum. The proof is based on the reduction of the original necessarily two-dimensional optimal stopping problems to the associated free-boundary problems and their solutions by means of the smooth-fit and normal-reflection conditions. We prove that the optimal exercise boundaries are the maximal and minimal solutions of some first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences