jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reducing the uncertainty in estimating soil microbial-derived carbon storage

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change and enhancing soil productivity. Microbial-derived carbon (MDC) is the main component of the persistent SOC pool. However, current formulas used to estimate the proportional contribution of MDC are plagued by uncertainties due to limited sample sizes and the neglect of bacterial group composition effects. Here, we compiled the comprehensive global dataset and employed machine learning approaches to refine our quantitative understanding of MDC contributions to total carbon storage. Our efforts resulted in a reduction in the relative standard errors in prevailing estimations by an average of 71% and minimized the effect of global variations in bacterial group compositions on estimating MDC. Our estimation indicates that MDC contributes approximately 758 Pg, representing approximately 40% of the global soil carbon stock. Our study updated the formulas of MDC estimation with improving the accuracy and preserving simplicity and practicality. Given the unique biochemistry and functioning of the MDC pool, our study has direct implications for modeling efforts and predicting the land–atmosphere carbon balance under current and future climate scenarios.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determinants of Unintentional Home Injury Prevention Practice Among B40 Parents of Under-Five Children in Selangor: A Study Protocol

Introduction: Unintentional injuries among children are considered a major public health concern since they are one of the leading causes of child death and disability. Inadequate study has been done on whether and how parental influences are linked to childhood injury at home especially among the community with low-socioeconomic status. The study aims to determine the factors affecting unintentional home injury prevention practice among low socioeconomic status (B40) parents of under-five children in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study. A sample size of 453 parents will be sampled among B40 parents with under-five children in Selangor using a stratified random sampling method. For analysis, only complete questionnaires will be used. Data entry and statistical analysis will be carried out using IBM SPSS version 28.0. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test and simple logistic regression will be used for data analysis. Multiple logistic regression will be used to examine the predictors of poor home injury prevention practice. Discussion: Findings from the study will provide insight on challenges experienced by B40 parents of children under five in implementing preventive injury measures at home.

Topic: Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A HIGHPRESSUREFLOWING OILSWITCHFOR GIGAWATT, REPETITIVEAPPLICATIONS*

Table1. Parametric description oftheUMC test stand. |r,- ~~~~~The pulse generator usedfortesting thehighpressure Cathodef& j switch concept underrepetitive pulse conditions isa4.8 < J)C ~~~~~~Q, 70nswater pulse forming line (PFL). Thewater PFL ispulse charged toamaximumof-300kV in2.5gs

Topic: Pulsed Power Technology Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent insights into the biology of Barrett's esophagus

Abstract Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Our understanding of the pathogenesis and Barrett's metaplasia is incomplete, and this has limited the development of new therapeutic targets and agents, risk stratification ability, and management strategies. This review outlines current insights into the biology of BE and addresses controversies surrounding cell of origin, cellular reprogramming theories, updates on esophageal epithelial barrier function, and the significance of goblet cell metaplasia and its association with malignant change. Further research into the basic biology of BE is vital as it will underpin novel therapies and improve our ability to predict malignant progression and help identify the minority of patients who will develop EAC.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Visual Neural Decoding via Improved Visual-EEG Semantic Consistency

Visual neural decoding refers to the process of extracting and interpreting original visual experiences from human brain activity. Recent advances in metric learning-based EEG visual decoding methods have delivered promising results and demonstrated the feasibility of decoding novel visual categories from brain activity. However, methods that directly map EEG features to the CLIP embedding space may introduce mapping bias and cause semantic inconsistency among features, thereby degrading alignment and impairing decoding performance. To further explore the semantic consistency between visual and neural signals. In this work, we construct a joint semantic space and propose a Visual-EEG Semantic Decouple Framework that explicitly extracts the semantic-related features of these two modalities to facilitate optimal alignment. Specifically, a cross-modal information decoupling module is introduced to guide the extraction of semantic-related information from modalities. Then, by quantifying the mutual information between visual image and EEG features, we observe a strong positive correlation between the decoding performance and the magnitude of mutual information. Furthermore, inspired by the mechanisms of visual object understanding from neuroscience, we propose an intra-class geometric consistency approach during the alignment process. This strategy maps visual samples within the same class to consistent neural patterns, which further enhances the robustness and the performance of EEG visual decoding. Experiments on a large Image-EEG dataset show that our method achieves state-of-the-art results in zero-shot neural decoding tasks.

Topic: Digital Media Forensic Detection
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Paratexts and the Reception History of the Apocalypse

Abstract Biblical scholarship usually engages with reconstructed texts without taking into account the form and material culture of the manuscripts that transmit the texts used in reconstruction. This article examines the influence of paratexts on biblical studies and reception history, using the book of Revelation as a test case, in an effort to rediscover the significance of transmission for comprehending the ways in which past reading communities engaged their scriptural traditions. The liminal features of manuscripts that are often ignored in modern editions are an integral part of the artefact that influence and shape a text’s reading. This study argues that paratexts represent an underdeveloped resource for reception history, insofar as the relationship between text and paratext is rarely taken into consideration by modern interpreters. Material culture, textual transmission, reception history, and exegesis are integrally linked processes.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
River channel planforms and floodplains: a study in the Wessex landscape

For south ‘Wessex’, despite complexity evident on the ground, there is little research that directly links river channel form with historic economic development; that is, channel genesis and planforms are seldom discussed in relation to landscape development within valleys. Of specific interest are relationships linking channel topography, artificial cuts and floodplains with development associated with mills, water-meadows, artificial watercourses and gravel extraction. These are an outcome of a strong regional culture of economic development including water management. It is demonstrated that river planforms within the valleys determine the location of fixed assets and there is a strong relationship between soils and floodplain development. It is concluded that there is an intricate continuum between perceived ‘natural’ fluvial process and human-influenced environmental change, and that genetic interpretation of river channel forms presents a challenge for landscape historians.

Topic: Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7, Methods from Association of LETM1 and MRPL36 Contributes to the Regulation of Mitochondrial ATP Production and Necrotic Cell Death

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7, Methods from Association of LETM1 and MRPL36 Contributes to the Regulation of Mitochondrial ATP Production and Necrotic Cell Death

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of Residual Silanol Groups on Solvent and Ion Distribution at a Chemically Modified Silica Surface

We report on molecular dynamics simulations of solvent and ion distribution at a prototypic alkyl-modified silica surface under explicit consideration of residual silanol group activity. The model contains two β-cristobalite silica walls with dimethyloctylsilyl (C8) ligands as the main modification and trimethylsilyl groups for end-capping, grafted at surface densities of 2.95 μmol/m2 and 0.85 μmol/m2, respectively. Residual silanol groups are present at a surface density of 3.8 μmol/m2. The mobile phase consists of water/acetonitrile mixtures over the whole range of volumetric compositions. We have studied the two limiting cases of residual silanol group activity: (i) undissociated silanol groups, and (ii) dissociated silanol groups with sodium ions as counterions. Solvent and ion distribution in the system as well as the orientational arrangement of solvent molecules and the conformation of the bonded phase are presented for both cases of residual silanol activity. We analyze the influence of mobile phase composition on system conformation to illustrate that the presence of residual silanol groups in their ionized, sodium salt form induces larger changes than a variation of the water/acetonitrile mixture.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hearing screening in the newborns and the elderly

Abstract With the adoption of the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS) in the early 1990s, the approach to infant deafness has completely changed. The discussions of previous decades about the “infantile depistage” of deafness, the categories of infants “at risk,” and the age of rehabilitative intervention, have been completely reversed. Today, the diagnosis of infantile hearing loss has settled around the first 3 months of life, and consequently so has the eventual start of the rehabilitative process. Similar questions to UNHS are posed for the probable impact of hearing screening in the elderly and specially in groups where cognitive impairment is present. This short review paper summarizes various issues and developments in the area of newborn and adult hearing screening.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Wrapper-based Feature Learning Method used for Alzheimer's disease Identification

In this paper, a wrapper-based feature learning method is presented for Alzheimer's disease (AD) identification. First, with the extracted features, the feature importance of AD and Healthy Controls (HC) is ranked from high to low according to sensitivity and specificity of classification. Second, the AD and HC feature subsets are formed using forward incremental feature selection method. Finally, the weighted classification method is used to weight the probability estimates of AD and HC to obtain the final classification performance. Experimental results show that the wrapper-based feature learning method can select most important feature parameters or featured region of interests (ROIs) of brain compared with other feature selection methods. The proposed method will be useful in finding featured ROIs of brain that most related to AD identification, which can further improve the AD identification performance.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Two-particle correlations in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

An overview of two angular correlation analyses with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Two-particle correlations are measured in proton-proton collisions at two centre-of-mass energies, ps = 0.9 and 7 TeV, recorded in the beginng of LHC beam operation in 2009 and 2010. A kinematic range is defined for these measurements considering primary charged particles with a transverse momentum of pT &gt; 100 MeV and a pseudorapidity of |h| &lt; 2.5. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to several Monte-Carlo models including tunes of PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8 and PHOJET. In lead-lead collisions, particle correlations are analysed by measuring flow components of the azimuthal angular distribution. Measurements of the “medium”, created in such ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at psNN = 2.76 TeV as in 2010, provide significant constraints for modeling its dynamical evolution. The results of the analysis of the v2-component, also known as ellliptic flow, cover a pT -range from pT = 0.5 to 20 GeV and as well |h| &lt; 2.5. Higher order flow components are also presented.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Doppler Radar Occupancy Sensing and Monitoring for Smart Buildings

Smart buildings promise to adapt environmental conditions to the needs of occupants based on statistical analytics applied to various monitored data. While sensors for accurate monitoring of building parameters such as temperature, lighting, and air-quality abound, currently available occupancy sensors are limited to sensing of presence only, with limited accuracy. Doppler radar sensors have shown great promise for unobtrusive recognition and monitoring of occupant presence, count, activity, and cardiopulmonary vital signs. With such measures, a smart building can optimize operations not only for the most efficient use of energy and space, but also to create healthy and sustainable environments that support occupant wellness, comfort, and productivity. This paper presents an overview of Doppler radar occupancy sensors for smart building applications.

Topic: Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
DIALYSIS TIME IS A RISK FACTOR FOR LONG-TERM DECEASED-DONOR TRANSPLANT SURVIVAL

Transplantation: July 27, 2008 - Volume 86 - Issue 2S - p 41 doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000332657.13198.49

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Laboratory study on stilling basin as an integral part of energy dissipator system

Water flow from upstream to downstream will create to high energy at the time when it reaches the downstream. This situation will cause damage or critical erosion at spillways toe, weir bed and downstream of river. In order to overcome this problem, the water flow velocity has to be reduced. The solution for this problem is by constructing
an energy dissipating structure at the effected areas. In this study, baffles were used as the experimental energy dissipating structure. Various size and arrangement of baffles at the downstream of the model were tested to determine the most effective result in reducing the water flow velocity. The relationship between the percentage of velocity decrease and the spacing between the baffles were determined by plotting graphs. The decreases in velocity depends on the size of baffles and the arrangement of baffles at the stilling basin.

Topic: Hydraulic flow and structures
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intelligent process-aware information systems to support agility in disaster relief operations: a survey of emerging approaches

Agility is a key characteristic in disaster relief operations. Intelligent process-aware information systems (IPAISs) can support agility in disaster relief operations through providing information and process reach and richness to manage dynamic inter-operations. In this research, based on relevant reference architectures, a conceptual overview of an IPAIS to support agility in disaster relief operations is described. This conceptual overview includes the dynamic partnering, the collaborative process composition, the collaborative ontology management, the global workflow engine, the run-time coordination, the dynamic rule management, the run-time process proposer, and the dynamic interoperability adaptor components. Based on this conceptual overview, a systematic literature review is conducted to explore emerging approaches that can be applied to realise intelligent process-centred collaborative inter-operations to respond disasters. The findings of the conducted review show the applicability of the emerging multi-agent service-oriented modelling and analysis approaches, optimal control theory based methodologies, social network analysis techniques, data-driven inductive methods, resilient-centred approaches for robustness and agility, self-organisation mechanisms based on cyber physical systems and systems of systems perspectives, simulation methods, and trust management procedures to support the realisation of the components of an IPAIS in the context of disaster relief operations.

Topic: Facility Location and Emergency Management
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Going Public: A Cautionary Tale

A colleague who was participating in one of the many Darwin bicentennial events on university campuses this year recently asked me, “What was Fuller thinking?” In reply, I sent him a copy of Steve Fuller’s (2009) opinion piece, which had just come out in this journal. In it, Fuller attempts to explain why he decided to perform as an expert witness for the defense in Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District (US Federal Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 2005). I doubt that his explanation put my colleague’s question to rest.

Topic: Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
“Tertiary” Hyperparathyroidism and Apparent “Cure” of Vitamin-D-Resistant Rickets after Removal of an Ossifying Mesenchymal Tumor of the Pharynx

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — "Tertiary" Hyperparathyroidism and Apparent "Cure" of Vitamin-D-Resistant Rickets after Removal of an Ossifying Mesenchymal Tumor of the Pharynx

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What shall I do? Similarities and differences in moral judgements between Austrian and Mongolian students

Abstract Cross-cultural research in moral judgements (e.g., whether to sacrifice one person to save several others) often focuses on differences regarding the instrumentality of harm, i.e., whether the death of one person is an instrument to save several others (instrumental) or is an incidental side-effect (incidental). Less cross-cultural research exists on differences regarding one’s own involvement, i.e., whether one’s own life or only the life of others is at risk. The present study investigated the influence of both factors on moral judgements in a European (Austrian) and an Asian (Mongolian) culture. Austrians and Mongolians read moral dilemmas and chose whether (or not) they would carry out an action that sacrifices one but saves several others. Afterwards, they rated the moral acceptability of that action. Both cultures chose utilitarian actions (sacrificing one to save others) less often in instrumental than in incidental dilemmas. Thus, instrumental harm is universally regarded as worse than incidental harm. In instrumental dilemmas, Mongolians chose more utilitarian actions than Austrians, indicating that Mongolians more likely act in favour of group welfare. In instrumental dilemmas, Austrians chose more utilitarian actions when their own life was at risk than when only the life of others was at risk. In incidental dilemmas, the opposite was observed for Mongolians. Thus, Austrians more likely act in favour of self-interest, whereas Mongolians perceive it as more unvirtuous to harm others to save oneself. Results on moral acceptability ratings and decision times further support those cultural differences. Thus, culture may convey certain moral decisions.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Insufficient Mobilization of Calcium by Early Breakdown of Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-Bisphosphate for Aggregation of Human Platelets by Collagen1

When human platelets (5 X 10(8)/ml) were stimulated by a threshold concentration of collagen (2 micrograms/ml), a lag period of about 60 s was seen before the initiation of release reaction and aggregation. Breakdown of [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate was seen within 10 s after the addition of collagen. The concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ (monitored by Quin II) rose from 80 nM to 145 nM within 10 s after stimulation by collagen. However, a lag period of about 50 s remained. The rise was not blocked by indomethacin. It was supposed that the initial Ca2+ mobilization by myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate was too small to cause aggregation. Thromboxane A2 was gradually accumulated during the lag period and then abruptly increased in parallel with aggregation. These events were completely inhibited by 10 microM indomethacin. Thus, aggregation appeared to be dependent on the generation of thromboxane A2. Addition of 25 nM A23187 at 10 s after stimulation by collagen shortened the lag period before initiation of the abrupt thromboxane A2 generation, secretion and aggregation, whereas 25 nM A23187 could not cause these reactions in the absence of collagen. Accordingly, the lag period is assumed to be required for accumulation of free Ca2+ to the threshold for aggregation of platelets. It is considered that thromboxane A2 plays a central role in Ca2+ mobilization during stimulation of human platelets by collagen.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences