jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation and chemical properties of ruthenium and iron hydroxymethyl complexes (.eta.5-C5H5)M(CO)2CH2OH

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and chemical properties of ruthenium and iron hydroxymethyl complexes (.eta.5-C5H5)M(CO)2CH2OHY. C. Lin, D. Milstein, and S. S. WrefordCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 10, 1461–1463Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om50004a039https://doi.org/10.1021/om50004a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Four Facets of Privacy and Intellectual Freedom in Licensing Contracts for Electronic Journals

This is a study of the treatment of library patron privacy in licenses for electronic journals in academic libraries. We begin by distinguishing four facets of privacy and intellectual freedom based on the LIS and philosophical literature. Next, we perform a content analysis of 42 license agreements for electronic journals, focusing on terms for enforcing authorized use and collection and sharing of user data. We compare our findings to model licenses, to recommendations proposed in a recent treatise on licenses, and to our account of the four facets of intellectual freedom. We find important conflicts with each.

Topic: Copyright and Intellectual Property
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Recent use of deep learning techniques in clinical applications based on gait: a survey

Abstract Gait analysis has been studied for a long time and applied to fields such as security, sport, and medicine. In particular, clinical gait analysis has played a significant role in improving the quality of healthcare. With the growth of machine learning technology in recent years, deep learning-based approaches to gait analysis have become popular. However, a large number of samples are required for training models when using deep learning, where the amount of available gait-related data may be limited for several reasons. This paper discusses certain techniques that can be applied to enable the use of deep learning for gait analysis in case of limited availability of data. Recent studies on the clinical applications of deep learning for gait analysis are also reviewed, and the compatibility between these applications and sensing modalities is determined. This article also provides a broad overview of publicly available gait databases for different sensing modalities.

Topic: Gait Recognition and Analysis
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Treatment of Intracranial Malignant Gliomas Using Orally Administered Tamoxifen Therapy

In vitro studies have shown that the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen can suppress deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation in cultured human gliomas. This growth suppression is independent of its antiestrogenic properties. Tamoxifen may act through the inhibition of the enzyme protein kinase C, which transduces mitogenic signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. Based on these preclinical studies, we initiated a clinical trial of orally administered tamoxifen, 20 mg twice daily, to patients with recurrent, progressive malignant gliomas who were not candidates for other “failed” protocols, such as brachytherapy. No limits were placed on age, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), or expected survival. Thirty-two patients were entered in the study, 29 with a glioblastoma multiforme and 3 with an anaplastic astrocytoma. The mean age of the group was 48 years, and the mean KPS was 65. Median survival of the entire cohort from the onset of tamoxifen therapy was 17 weeks; the median survival of those patients with an initial KPS of 70 or more was 21 weeks. Seven patients survived for more than 6 months with no change in their baseline computed tomographic scans or KPS on tamoxifen, including 2 patients with computed tomographic evidence of regression during the course of therapy. There were no significant patient-reported side effects of the treatment. Three patients had thromboembolic complications during tamoxifen administration. We conclude that tamoxifen can be administered safely to these patients and may show some efficacy against glial neoplasms.

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Good Machine Performance in Turing's Imitation Game

In this paper we consider transcripts which originated from a practical series of Turing’s Imitation Game which was held on 23rd June 2012 at Bletchley Park, England. In some cases the tests involved a 3-participant simultaneous comparison of two hidden entities whereas others were the result of a direct 2-participant interaction. Each of the transcripts considered here resulted in a human interrogator being fooled, by a machine, into concluding that they had been conversing with a human. Particular features of the conversation are highlighted, successful ploys on the part of each machine discussed and likely reasons for the interrogator being fooled are considered. Subsequent feedback from the interrogators involved is also included

Topic: Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Political Culture on the National Web: The Role of Political Culture in Online Political Activity and the Case of Hungarian Politics on Facebook

iii Acknowledgements  iv Introduction  1 Research questions and goals  3 Research outline: theories and methods  4 I. Political culture on the national web  7 Studying the national web  7 The political culture approach  10 The effect of political culture on the national web  11 Recontextualizing political culture  13 II. Hungarian political culture on the Hungarian web  20 The political culture of Hungary  20 The Hungarian web  24 The case of Facebook and Hungarian political culture  27

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
14 Nanotechnology: a novel weapon for insect pest and vector management

Nearly three-fourths of the global fauna are insects and about 1% of them are regarded as major pests or vectors. Sustainable agricultural practices vastly depend on the mitigation of insect pests, the devastators of human food. Some members transmit life-threatening vector-borne diseases. After the 1950s, synthetic insecticides gained popularity in pest and vector control strategies but their detrimental nature on the environment forced the management program's switch to an eco-friendly approach. Nanoscience offers one such efficacious green alternative to suppress the furious action of pests and vector insects on food and health of humans. Nanotechnology can be useful for controlling insect pest and vector populations through the lipid, polymer, clay, metal, and other formulations of nanomaterial-based insecticides, nano-mediated genes or DNA transfer to plants, and encapsulated nanoparticles show great stability, permeability, and specificity. The big advantage is that because of their miniature feature, they are able to spread easily on the body of the target insects and are rather harmless to non-target organisms. This chapter discusses the various formulation techniques of nanomaterials, bio-nanoinsecticides, their modes of action on the different target insect groups, their relevance to pest and vector insect management, and the future challenges and prospects.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Who is to Blame for Food Waste?

Food waste has commanded growing attention in recent years, with recent estimates suggesting that people fail to consume as much as 40% of food grown globally (Parfitt, Barthel, and Macnaughton, 2010; Buzby, FarahWells, and Hyman, 2014). Given the potential magnitude of food waste, researchers and policy makers are working to lower food waste, as noted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 (reduce food waste by 50% by 2030). Policy makers need the citizenry’s support to use policy to affect this change, but, as Oliver and Lee (2005, p. 926) stated, “Politicians are unlikely to pass laws that would offend large portions of their constituents and policies that aim to change individual behavior must be seen as legitimate by their target populations.” Thus, support is contingent on which stakeholder citizens view as contributing to the problem (Lusk and Ellison, 2013; Thibodeau, Perko, and Flusberg, 2015). In this article, we study an unexplored area of food waste: attribution of blame. We assess consumers’ attribution of blame for food waste to different stakeholders and analyze blame attribution predictors. Following the extant literature on blame attribution and obesity, we argue that the motivation to action and accept policy change has a root in individuals’ blame for a societal problem.

Topic: Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Anticholinergic Burden in Hospice Patients With Dementia

Background: End-of-life (EOL) patients with dementia have an increased risk for anticholinergic toxicities due to age-related pharmacokinetic and physiologic changes in conjunction with an increased susceptibility to drug-induced cognitive impairments. Despite this well-documented risk, the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties (DAPs) remains prevalent in EOL patients with dementia. Objective: The aims of this study were to describe prescribing patterns and characterize anticholinergic burden among hospice patients with dementia, as measured by the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale. Methods: This was a retrospective review of a national hospice patient information database. Patients included were admitted on January 1, 2016, discharged by death by December 31, 2016, and had a primary diagnosis of dementia. Patients’ anticholinergic burden was calculated using ACB scores. Results: A total of 1283 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 37.1% (n = 476) were prescribed at least 1 DAP. Specifically, 28.9% (n = 371) were prescribed 1 DAP, 6.6% (n = 84) were prescribed 2 DAPs, 1.6% (n = 20) were prescribed 3 DAPs, and 0.08% (n = 1) were prescribed 4 DAPs. The majority of patients prescribed a DAP had an ACB score of 3 (n = 359, 75.4%) and an average ACB score of 3.8. The most common DAPs prescribed in patients with an ACB score of 2 or higher were quetiapine (n = 202, 42.4%), atropine (n = 155, 32.6%), hyoscyamine (n = 61, 12.8%), olanzapine (n = 46, 9.6%), and scopolamine (n = 35, 7.4%). Conclusion: Due to the limited benefit and increased harms with the use of DAPs, providers should aim to maximize nonpharmacologic options. By reducing the use of the top 5 DAPs identified in this study, the quality of life and care for EOL patients with dementia can potentially be improved.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Appositional long bone growth: Implications for measuring cross‐sectional geometry

Abstract Objectives As growth at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces varies with age, cross‐sectional geometric (CSG) properties derived from periosteal (“solid”) contours may not produce comparable results to those from endosteal and periosteal contours (“true”), contrary to findings from adults. Error in CSG properties derived from the “solid” sections is compared with “true” sections in a sample of archeologically derived skeletons with estimated dental ages ranging from 1.5 months to 23.5 years. Materials and Methods Cross sections were extracted from 3D surface models, and endosteal contours were located from biplanar radiographs for 56 femora and 59 humeri. Polar second moment of area ( J ), cross‐sectional shape ( I max / I min ), and polar section modulus ( Z p ) were calculated from solid and true sections. Relationships between solid and true properties were examined with least squares regression. Multiple regression examined the effect of age and % cortical area on solid section CSG error. Results While correlations were high ( R 2 = 0.72–0.99, all p &lt; 0.001), the results indicate that solid CSG properties are not within an acceptable error range (%SEE of ≤8.0, and %PE of ≤5.0) of true CSG. Error was most affected by %CA, while estimated age was not correlated with %CA, %PE, or percent difference of true‐solid CSG. Discussion Periosteal contours alone should not be used to calculate CSG properties from individuals during the period of growth and development. Variation in bone growth and/or adaptive responses independent of age may account for the inconsistent age effects.

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mixture model and Markov random field-based remote sensing image unsupervised clustering method

Abstract In this paper, a novel method for remote sensing image clustering based on mixture model and Markov random field (MRF) is proposed. A remote sensing image can be considered as Gaussian mixture model. The image clustering result corresponding to the image label field is a MRF. So, the image clustering procedure is transformed to a maximum a posterior (MAP) problem by Bayesian theorem. The intensity difference and the spatial distance between the two pixels in the same clique are introduced into the traditional MRF potential function. The iterative conditional model (ICM) is employed to find the solution of MAP. We use the max entropy criterion to choose the optimal clustering number. In the experiments, the method is compared with the traditional MRF clustering method using ICM and simulated annealing (SA). The results show that this method is better than the traditional MRF model both in noise filtering and miss-classification ratio.

Topic: Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Translation and validation of the Revised-Algase Wandering Scale (community version) among Korean elders with dementia

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Korean translated version of the Revised Algase Wandering Scale, community version (K-RAWS-CV) among persons with dementia in Korea. A cross-sectional survey design was used. After established equivalence of the instrument using back-translation and a field test, 69 community dwelling family caregivers described the wandering behavior of their family members with dementia. The overall mean of the K-RAWS-CV was 1.73 (SD=0.61, range=1-3.87). Means of each subscale ranged from 1.44 (meal-time impulsivity, MI) to 2.04 (escape behavior, EB). The reliability alpha for the overall scale was 0.96 with reliabilities for subscales ranging from 0.82 (negative outcome, NO) to 0.93 (persistent walking, PW). The correlation between the overall K-RAWS-CV and each subscale ranged from 0.52 (overall and NO) to 0.82 (overall and PW) with a mean value of 0.66. Pearson's correlations between the level of cognitive impairment and each subscale of the K-RAWS-CV demonstrated significant, moderate relationships ranging from -0.24 (MI, RW, and MMSE) to -0.39 (PW, EB and MMSE). Mean differences between wanderers and non-wanderers were statistically significant for the K-RAWS-CV overall and all subscale except for MI. Results support the validity and reliability of the K-RAWS-CV overall and the six subscales.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The unconventional characterization of Cleopatra in Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra

Literature is one of the main principles of a culture because it contains the records of people’s value, their thoughts, their problems and conflict, in short, it&#13;\nrepresent their way of life. That is why literature is worth study to be learnt by the students or people in general. There are several genres of literature, one of them is drama.&#13;\nThe play Caesar and Cleopatra is a drama which is adapted from a famous biographical history about Julius Caesar and Cleopatra. The playwright of this play, Bernard Shaw changed the characterization of Cleopatra into unconventional one which is somewhat different from the common characterization of her that has been&#13;\nwidely known by people through the ages. Here, the writer is going to analyze the unconventional characterization of Cleopatra and also the reaction of the other&#13;\ncharacters towards her unconventional characterization.&#13;\nThe writer’s study belongs to a qualitative research. To collect the data, the writer reads the play for several times to get the content of the story, then the writer&#13;\nidentifies the speech of the characters which leads to the characterization of Cleopatra. Next the writer reads several courses to find out about the common&#13;\ncharacterizations of Cleopatra which have widely known by people. For analyzing the data, the writer uses the methods of characterization by Little, uses textual approach&#13;\nand intrinsic approach to compare the characterization of Cleopatra in the play with what commonly known by people.&#13;\nBased on the analysis, the writer finds out that Cleopatra has several unconventional characterizations. First is her fear towards several people in the beginning of the play. Second is her cowardice and lack of idea when she is in&#13;\ndangerous situation. The last is her plain reaction when she fails to be a ruler of Egypt as Caesar eventually chooses Rufio for the Governor of Egypt which means, Egypt fells into Roman conquest. The writers also finds out that the other characters mostly behave unsympathetically when the unconventional characterization of Cleopatra appears,&#13;\neven some other such as Ftatateeta and Caesar make uses and play trick to Cleopatra because of her unconventional characterization.

Topic: Literature Analysis and Criticism
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extrafloral nectaries that attract ants in Bromeliaceae: structure and nectar composition

The occurrence of extrafloral nectaries in some species of Bromeliaceae (subfam. Pitcairnioideae) is reported for the first time in the following plants from central and northern Argentina: Deuterocohnia longipetala, Dyckia ferox, Dyckia floribunda, Dyckia aff. gilliesii, Dyckia ragonesei, and Dyckia velascana. Ants are attracted to the extrafloral nectar that is secreted in a very high concentration (around 80% weight to total weight) by nonstructural, nonvascularized nectaries located in the outer verticil of tepals. They do not possess a specially differentiated nectariferous tissue and the exudate is probably secreted through paracytic and anomocytic stomata. Sugars and amino acids were detected in the nectar, but alkaloids, reducing acids, proteins, phenols, and lipids were not. Amino acid concentration ranged from 121.3 to 975 μg/mL. In all the species there was a high concentration of sucrose (97.2–100%), whereas glucose and (or) fructose were absent or present in a small amount (0.4–1.5%). Key words: Bromeliaceae, extrafloral nectaries, structure, nectar composition, ants.

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Causal Network Structure Learning Based on Partial Least Squares and Causal Inference of Nonoptimal Performance in the Wastewater Treatment Process

Due to environmental fluctuations, the operating performance of complex industrial processes may deteriorate and affect economic benefits. In order to obtain maximal economic benefits, operating performance assessment is a novel focus. Therefore, this paper proposes a whole framework from operating performance assessment to nonoptimal cause identification based on partial-least-squares-based Granger causality analysis (PLS-GC) and Bayesian networks (BNs). The proposed method has three main contributions. First, a multiblock operating performance assessment model is established to correspondingly extract economic-related information and dynamic information. Then, a Bayesian network structure is established by PLS-GC that excludes the strong coupling of variables and simplifies the network structure. Lastly, nonoptimal root cause and and nonoptimal transmission path are identified by Bayesian inference. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified on Benchmark Simulation Model 1.

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences