jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Anterior Capsule of the Hip Joint Is a Major Hindrance to the Surgical Treatment of Basicervical Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Single Center, Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract Background: The basicervical intertrochanteric fracture has recently received considerable attention as one of the major risk factors for failure of internal fixation. We aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of basicervical intertrochanteric fractures related to their surgical outcomes using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) and to determine the causes for the high failure rate of surgery. Methods: Between May 2015 and October 2019, 226 patients with intertrochanteric fracture of the femur including 58 basicervical types who were treated with femoral nail were evaluated. Following data were collected to find out the risk factors for surgical failure: fracture patterns (unstable or basicervical type), tip apex distance, type of postoperative reduction (acceptable or unacceptable), and continuity of anterior capsule for logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for surgical failures Results: Union was achieved in 215 patients (95.1%), with 11 surgical failures (4.9%), including 10 non-unions (4.6%) and 1 osteonecrosis of the femoral head (0.4%). Seven surgical failures (8.7%) were identified in the unstable fracture group, 6 (10.3%) in the basicervical type group, and 10 (19.6%) in the unacceptable reduction group. Multivariate analysis showed that unstable fracture (OR 10.311, 95% CI 1.165 – 91.229, p = 0.036), basicervical type (OR 11.564, 95% CI 1.339 – 99.872, p = 0.026), and unacceptable reduction (OR 28.364, 95% CI 3.428 – 234.695, p = 0.002) were significant predictors for surgical failure. Unacceptable reduction (OR 13.180, 95% CI 1.336 – 130.059, p = 0.027) was the only risk factor for surgical failure in the basicervical intertrochanteric fracture group. A chi-square test showed that an intact anterior capsule was statistically correlated with surgical failure (p = 0.043) and unacceptable reduction (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Because the intact anterior capsule of the hip joint may hinder achieving acceptable reduction, the evaluation of the anterior capsule should be included as an important preoperative assessment for the surgical treatment of basicervical intertrochanteric fracture. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study

Topic: Hip and Femur Fractures
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK AND POD OF LOCUST BEAN (Parkia biglobossa) AGAINST COWPEA WEEVIL (Callosobruchus maculates F.) CAUSING DAMAGE IN STORED COWPEA

Laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Stembark and pod powders of locust bean (Pakia biglobossa) and their appropriate concentration for the management of cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus F.). Spintor (0.125%) and dust (0.125 g) was used a positive control and untreated cowpea seeds serving as negative control. The experiment was laid in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprising of Stem bark powder (1 g, 3 g and 5 g), Pod powder (1 g 3 g and 5 g), spintor 0.125% Dust (0.125 g) and control. These were applied to 100 g healthy cowpea seeds and repeated three times. Contact activity of the plant products were evaluated and data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software (version 23) and means were separated using NDMRT at 1% and 5% probability level. The results showed that higher concentration (5 g/100g) of plant products significantly (P&lt;0.05) caused mortality of C. Maculatus after 24 (2.33), 48 (2.66), 72 (2.66) and 96 hours (3.00) by contact toxicity compared to other treatments. Similarly, higher concentration (5 g/100g seed) of the pod powder significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased oviposition (3.67), adult emergence (3.66), percentage seed damage (1.73%), number of exit holes (6.33) and weight loss (1.03%) compared to untreated cowpea seed that record 58.00, 54,67, 19.67%, 56.33 and 13.87%, respectively. It was concluded that germination of the treated seeds was not affected negatively. The Pod powder of P. biglobossa could be recommended as suitable alternatives to chemical pesticides to be used as contact protectant against C. maculatus on stored cowpea seeds.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Formation and Operation of the Histidine-degrading Pathway in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

Histidine ammonia lyase (histidase), urocanase, and the capacity to degrade formiminoglutamate, which are respectively involved in steps I, II, and IV in the catabolism of histidine, were induced during growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on histidine or urocanate, and were formed gratuitously in the presence of dihydro-urocanate. Urocanase-deficient bacteria formed enzymes I and IV constitutively; presumably they accumulate enough urocanate from the breakdown of endogenous histidine to induce formation of the pathway. Urocanate did not satisfy the histidine requirement of a histidine auxotroph, indicating that it probably acted as an inducer without being converted to histidine. The results imply that urocanate is the physiological inducer of the histidine-degrading enzymes in P. aeruginosa . Enzymes of the pathway were extremely sensitive to catabolite repression; enzymes I and II, but not IV, were coordinately repressed. Our results suggest a specific involvement of nitrogenous metabolites in the repression. Mutant bacteria with altered sensitivity to repression were obtained. The molecular weight of partially purified histidase was estimated at 210,000 by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Its K m for histidine was 2 × 10 −3 m in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane chloride buffer. Sigmoid saturation curves were obtained in pyrophosphate buffer, indicating that the enzyme might have multiple binding sites for histidine. Under certain conditions, histidase appeared to be partially inactive in vivo. These findings suggest that some sort of allosteric interaction involving histidase may play a role in governing the operation of the pathway of histidine catabolism.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Musculoskeletal Radiology / Radiologies musculo-squelettique Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Anterolateral Knee Ligament With a T2/T1-Weighted 3-Dimensional Sequence: A Feasibility Study

Purpose: The anatomy of the lateral knee compartment has been recently further explored with description of the anterolateral knee ligament (ALL). The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of ALL on cadaveric knees and to describe its normal anatomy in young healthy volunteers, utilizing a high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) pulse sequence. Methods: Dissection was performed on 9 cadaveric knees in order to confirm the presence of ALL. Conventional 2-dimensional sequences of 10 knees at 1.5 T and 10 knees at 3 T, with a slice thickness of 2-4 mm, were reviewed for the presence of ALL. A 3D T2/T1-weighted gradient echo sequence (constructive interference in steady state [CISS]), yielding in-plane resolution of 0.4 mm � 0.4 mm � 0.4 mm, was applied in 14 healthy volunteers (26 knees). All 3D images were manipulated using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and the presence and width of ALL were recorded. Results: Cadaveric dissection disclosed the presence of ALL in 8 of 9 knees. Conventional knee MR imaging depicted ALL only on coronal images (18 of 20) whereas the CISS revealed ALL on 24 of 26 studied knees (92.3%). ALL has a mean thickness of 1.1 � 0.27 mm measured on coronal MR images. Conclusions: ALL can be thoroughly assessed in young healthy individuals with the use of high-resolution 3D MR imaging with MPR at 1.5 T.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PROCALCITONIN DAN INTERLEUKIN-6 PADA SEPSIS DENGAN GEJALA SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS)

Sepsis is the cause of patient's death in the intensive care unit. Sepsis is an inflammatory response to infections. Infection whencontinued can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Clinical signs and pathology of SIRS are similar to sepsis, thusclinical as well as laboratory examination is needed to distinguish these. Culture result usually can be seen at least 24 hours aftersampling. In this case a test is needed to diagnose sepsis quickly so that the patient does not experience more severe conditions. Theindicator used in the diagnostic procedure is to know the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) levels as well as of interleukin-6 (IL-6)for the diagnosis of sepsis. Thirty-two blood samples of patients treated in the Department of SIRS. Dr. Kariadi Semarang were takenconsecutively from November 2011 up to January 2012. PCT levels are determined by ELFA, levels of IL-6 were determined by ELISAmethod. To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, 2 í— 2 table was used. The ROCcurve (receiver operating characteristic) showed an area under the curve of PCT of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.66 to 0.99), cut-off 5.1 ng/mL wasused as an indicator of sepsis. PCT diagnostic test results showed 88.9% sensitivity, 73.9% specificity, 57.1% positive predictive value andnegative predictive value of 94.4%. The area under the curve for IL-6 was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.86), cut off 47.2 pg/mL as an indicatorof sepsis. Diagnostic tests results showed 77.8% sensitivity, 60.9% specificity, 43.7% positive predictive value and negative predictive valueof 87.5%. It can be concluded that the examination of serum PCT levels can be used as a diagnostic test (screening test) for sepsis.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors’ Agenesis Managed by Mini-Screw Implant-Supported Pontics: A Scoping Review

Background/Objectives: The Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors occurs with a variable prevalence in different ethnic groups, and there is a need for a temporary replacement until maturity has been reached in patients for whom the replacement solution has been chosen. This study aims to analyze the scientific evidence available to date concerning the use of mini-screw implant (MSI)-supported pontics for the transitional management of permanent maxillary lateral incisors’ agenesis in developmental age subjects. Methods: Electronic research was conducted using four databases: PubMed, Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the Wiley/Cochrane Library. Six studies were included in the final review. Data were extracted based on the first and second author, year of publication, study design, sample characteristics, mini-screw implant (MSI) characteristics, MSI insertion and loading protocol, characteristics of the prosthetic component, and outcomes during the follow-up time. Results: Clinical outcomes were proven positive in all studies. In only one study did MSIs show mobility and consequent failure after one month. Discoloration of the prosthetic part proved to be the main complication. Conclusions: The comparison with conventional removable prostheses and fixed dental prostheses revealed that MSI-supported pontics are a viable alternative and a promising temporary solution until the end of growth. Further studies to standardize protocols and assess long-term outcomes are needed.

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Simulation of long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments with the global neutrino analysis package

Neutrino physics is an actively growing part of modern particle physics. In order to perform multiparametric fits to experimental data a software package called GNA was developed in the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of JINR. The main goal of this software is to create a universal way to analyse any kind of neutrino oscillation experiment. Initially it has been done only for reactor neutrino experiments such as Day Bay and JUNO [1]. This paper is devoted to including long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiment simulation into this package.

Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adsorption and desorption studies of lysozyme by thermosensitive Fe3O4-PNIPAM nanocomposite via fluorescence spectroscopy

In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles containing Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) thermosensitive hydrogel in different cross-linker agent were synthesized and characterized. Additionally, adsorption and desorption of lysozyme from these composite materials also studied at above and below lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in deionized water. PNIPAM hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water of around 32°C, which is close to human body temperature, and they are sensitive functions of temperature over the range 15-50°C [1]. Fluorescence measurements showed that, the Fe3O4-PNIPAM composite materials adsorbed lysozyme molecules in short time. But, there has been no remarkable change seen on the adsorption kinetics at a temperature below and above LCST. Conversely, slow release was observed for 45°C, that is, more lysozyme molecule was desorbed at room temperature (below the LCST) than at 45 o C. Accordingly results, the Fe3O4-PNIPAM composite materials can be used for drug delivery, protein separation and controlled release of proteins. In addition to these results, fluorescence measurements were found a useful way for following of adsorption and desorption of fluorescent active protein onto Fe3O4polymer composite material [2].

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Epigrams Attributed to Bhartrhari. Critically edited by D. D. Kosambi. pp. viii, 81, 240. Bombay, 1948. (Singhi Jain Series, No. 23.)

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Topic: Indian History and Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Morality as coordinated punishment: the social cognition of punitive inclinations in protest movements

In the evolutionary sciences, morality has often been researched and understood as a collection of solutions to problems of cooperation. For instance, sharing rewards fairly and equitably among a group is a solution to the problem of how to best divide resources that have been collectively earned. However, relatively little attention has been given to how punitive moral psychology is structured around solving problems of coordination and the epistemological challenges involved in determining, judging, condemning, and punishing wrongdoers in society. The current study assesses how people’s desire to punish moral wrongdoers (i.e., punitive inclinations), is influenced by their belief that others share or do not share their moral judgment (moral convergence) and the number of moral offenders (an individual All Lives Matter protester vs. a group of All Lives Matter protesters). In this case, the moral wrongdoer stimulus was a scenario of an offensive and semi-violent All Lives Matter protest that was presented to participants. The central hypotheses are that leading people to believe that most others share their moral judgment of the protest scenario will significantly increase their desire to punish the protesters and that the number of protesters would have no effect on punitive inclinations. However, the results did not support these hypotheses, and alternatively show a significant interaction effect between moral convergence and size of the protest. Additional analyses show that moral convergence is a moderator of the relationship between moral judgment and punitive inclinations, that moral judgment is predictive of punitive inclinations, and that support for Black Lives Matter over All Lives Matter is associated with greater levels of moral judgment and punitive inclinations toward the offensive All Lives Matter protest scenario.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Opinions of Turkish Highschool Pupils on Inquiry Based Laboratory Activities.

The purpose of this study is to prepare inquiry based experimental activities on the photosynthesis, thought to be a very difficult subject by pupils, and to determine the pupil’s ideas towards this method. This study was made with 24 pupils from Grade 3 at Ataturk Anatolian High school in Turkey. As data gathering material; seven inquiry experimental study sheets, the pupils’ opinions survey consisting of six open-ended question, and twolesson-hour video records were used. According to the result of study, the pupils declared that the inquiry based laboratory activities were more permanent, more enjoyable, and more pupil centered than the traditional methods, that thanks to this method, they studied cooperatively and benefit from different aspects by discussing, that they were be satisfied with the teacher’s guide position in the implementations, and that their attitudes related to biology increased positively.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
MULTIPLICATION OF Cattley guava BY DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES AND VARIABILITY AMONG GENOTYPES IN VIGOR AND ROOTING

ABSTRACT Cattley guava (Psidium catteyanum Sabine) is a widespread native plant species of South America and constitutes important genetic resources for the improvement of guava trees. Fruits of these species are consumed by wild animals and extracted by local human populations. However, the vegetative propagation of adult plants, which is necessary for fixing desired characteristics, has been inefficient. The objective of this work was to evaluate the rescue of adult plants of P. cattleyanum by herbaceous and semi-hardwood cuttings for the establishment of clonal mini-gardens and to evaluate the rooting potential of mini-cuttings of different genotypes. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme with the treatments being different propagule or propagation techniques (herbaceous and semi-hardwood cuttings from mother plants cultivated in the field and by mini-cuttings), with five repetitions and six propagules per plot. The potential for multiplication by the mini-cutting technique and plant vigor were evaluated for 20 genotypes of cattley guava during three seasons of the year (autumn, winter and summer). The use of semi-hardwood cuttings is feasible for the rescue of adult plants and the establishment of clonal mini-gardens. The mini-cutting technique provided the highest rooting percentage, and was most efficient in summer. The genotypes evaluated varied in rooting percentage and plant vigor.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Consumers bite on the social web about the film Snakes on a Plane

Snakes on a Plane was more than a movie, it was an internet phenomenon that poignantly exemplifies the new role consumers on the social web are playing in co-creating value. With the growing interface culture enabled by computer-mediated communications, consumers are rapidly beginning to generate their own content as well as intervene and directly contribute to the value-creating processes of firms. These interactive technologies are in the beginning stages of rewriting the rules and ways that products are researched, developed, marketed and supported. This study offers new theoretical and empirical insights into the way value is co-created using the web.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Attitudes toward marriage and divorce of high school students due to family integrity and parental relationship quality

The aim of this research was to examine attitudes toward marriage and divorce of high school students due to family integrity and parental relationship quality. There were 432 participants, students of three high schools from Karlovac. 56.3% of participants were female and 43.7% were male. Average age of participants was M=17.28 years (SD=1.17). Questionnaire that consisted of Attitudes toward marriage scale, Attitudes toward divorce scale, questions about parental relationship quality and questions about frequency and intensity of parental conflict was used. Students from these three schools do not differ in their attitude toward marriage and gymnasium students have a more positive attitude toward divorce than students from the other two schools. Students who live in the outskirts have a more positive attitude toward marriage than those who live in the city. There are no sex differences in attitude toward marriage, but boys significantly more think of marriage as mean of accomplihing and preservation of relationship safety and stability. Girls have a more positive attitude toward divorce because they give more significance to positive outcomes of divorce, while boys give more significance to negative outcomes. Children from divorced families and those from intact families with high parental relationship quality have a more positive attitude toward marriage than children from intact families with low parental relationship quality. Children from intact families with high parental relationship quality give more significance to marital relationship stability and partner bonding than children from from intact families with low parental relationship quality, while children from from intact families with low parental relationship quality give more significance to negative aspects of marriage than children from other two family types. Children from divorced families and children from intact families with low parental relationship quality have a more positive attitude toward divorce than children from intact families with high parental relationship quality. Children from intact families with high parental relationship quality give more significance to negative outcomes of divorce than children from other two family types, while children from intact families with low parental relationship quality give more significance to positive outcomes of divorce. The more participants are satisfied with their personal romantic experience, more positive attitude toward marriage they have. The same goes for participants who were in love compared with those who weren`t. Participants whose relationships lasted longer have more positive attitude toward divorce.

Topic: Family Dynamics and Relationships
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental Methods Used in GR Studies

Abstract In this chapter we present an overview of experimental techniques used to excite GRs built on the ground state. GRs can be excited through the strong (nuclear) and electromagnetic interactions. In principle, it should also be possible to excite them through the weak interaction but because of the small cross sections involved these interactions have never been used to study GRs. As is already clear from the discussion in Chapter 1, there are many different types of resonances: the major excitation modes have been illustrated in Fig. 1.3. Since the strength distributions of many of these modes overlap in excitation energy one should use a probe which is as much as possible selective for the mode one wants to study. In the inelastic scattering of charged hadrons, i.e. protons, a-particles and heavy ions, both nuclear and electromagnetic interactions contribute, but for the lighter projectiles the nuclear interaction dominates.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences