jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Process and Structure in Knowledge Management Practices of British and US Multinational Enterprises

This chapter investigates three key issues: 1 What determines the process of knowledge management? This process involves creating value from localized knowledge by combining spatially separate sources of knowledge. The firm needs to know where its knowledge assets and sources are located, and it needs to find a means of combining specific knowledge. 2 What effect does the process of knowledge management have on the organizational structure of the firm? The organization structure can be investigated to show if it facilitates or inhibits the knowledge management process. The management imperative is to move towards structures that enhance knowledge combination. 3 How are process and structure affected by the key local competence versus centralized global management divide within the multinational firm? Can we envisage 'global' solutions to the management of knowledge? The case studies below show that spatial issues are important in knowledge management practices and in potential organizational solutions. It also appears that successful strategies to combat knowledge 'stickiness' will involve combinations of local and global configurations of knowledge. KeywordsKnowledge ManagementInternational BusinessMultinational EnterpriseMultinational FirmVirtual TeamThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>μ</i>-EXAFS and <i>μ</i>-XRD study of selected regions of a Al–Fe–Cr–Ti complex alloy

Al 3 Ti, Al 13 Cr 2 and Al 13 Fe 4 are important intermetallics in a number of Al alloy systems including complex ultra-high-strength systems with excellent elevated-temperature performance. A full knowledge of their properties and crystallographic structures is a key factor for the understanding of these complex alloys. In the present study samples of the three pure intermetallics were prepared and regions of interest identified in a billet of Al 93 Fe 3 Cr 2 Ti 2 alloys and 20 × 10 × 2 µm samples extracted utilizing a Focussed Ion Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy (FIB TEM) sample preparation technique. Using the microfocus spectroscopy beamline I18 at Diamond Light Source we were able to examine 5 µm sections of the samples using X-ray Diffraction ( μ -XRD) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure ( μ -EXAFS) in an attempt to describe the local structure of the second-phase particles and characterized the microstructure of the FIBed samples to selectively illuminate the different phases.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Comparative characteristics of the stroma of renal adenomas and cancer].

In a comparative study of 120 renal carcinomas and 10 adenomas it was found that in the adenomas the stroma as well as vessels were uniform with respect to distribution and degree of maturity and showed only scanty lymphoid infiltration, but that in the carcinomas, on the contrary, the distribution was irregular and lymphoid infiltration was much more abundant, particularly in areas of invasive growth. A close correlation was observed between stromal morphology and proliferative activity of the tumor. It is concluded that morphologic differences between these two kinds of tumor may be of use in diagnostic differentiation.

Topic: Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pregnancy Tradition "Ngapati" in Javanese Society Based on Perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith

Traditions and customs are an inseparable part of Javanese society. Traditipns four months of pregnancy or known as ngapati is one of the traditions carried out by the Javanese people until now. But nowadays, the tradition of ngapati is much abandoned by the Society. Some people consider the tradition to be out of order in the Qur'an and the Hadith, and even prohibit it. By comparing various exposures from the literature, the authors analyze, identify and review many literatures, this article discusses in depth the tradition of ngapati done by the community and its relation in the Qur'an and Hadith. Research reveals that the tradition of the regent is not in conflict with the Qur'an and the Hadith.

Topic: Cultural and Religious Practices in Indonesia
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
More on the new Elsevier policy on postprint archiving

Robin Peek, Elsevier Allows Open Access Self-Archiving, &lt;em&gt; Information Today &lt;/em&gt; , June 7, 2004. Excerpt: &amp;#34;In a move that has stunned both the publishing community and the academic world, major journal publisher Elsevier is going to permit Open Access self-archiving for almost all of its journal titles. Under the new policy it will permit authors to self-archive their materials.

Topic: Academic Publishing and Open Access
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effective Humic Acid Removal Using Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Anionic Clay

A new effective removal of dissolved humic acid in aqueous medium has been performed by mean of adsorption onto Zn/Al layered double hydroxide (Zn/Al LDH) . Zn/Al LDH was synthesized by direct precipitation method through the addition of 0.5 M NaOH solution to a mixed solution containing Zn (NO3) 2 and Al (NO3) 3 with molar ratio 0.1 : 0.05 until the acidity of the mixed solution reached pH 7.0. The removal of humic acid was based on adsorption process where the negatively charged humic acid would be adsorbed to the positively charged Zn/Al LDH surface. The optimum humic acid adsorption on Zn/Al LDH was observed at pH 5 with the first order rate constant, capacity, and energy of adsorption were 2.17 x 10-3 min-1, 0.194 mmol g-1 (115 mg g-1), and 33.89 kJ mol-1, respectively. Literature survey showed that Zn/Al LDH is more than 6 times more effective than carbon as the most effective adsorbent of humic acid in the market.

Topic: Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Solid-State Synthesis of Na and Al Co-doped Lithium Manganese Spinel Cathode Material

In this study, LMO-xNa and LNMO-yAl were synthesized by a simple high-temperature solid-phase method. MnO2, Li2CO3, NaOH, and Al2O3 were used as manganese source, lithium source, sodium source and aluminum source, respectively. The effects of Na doping and Na, Al co-doping on the electrochemical performance and crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4 materials were explored, and the crystal parameters and cycle performance of the co-doped materials were discussed emphatically. Through the discussion of SEM, XRD, EIS curve, cycle curve and the performance of the first charge and discharge cycle, it was concluded that when the Na doping ratio x = 0.15 and the Al doping ratio y = 0.10, the reversible cycle capacity of the material maintained is as high as 95%, and the first discharge capacity reaches 125.5 m Ah g–1. It can be seen that the Na, Al co-doped LNMO-yAl not only maintains a certain discharge capacity and has a higher capacity retention rate, it is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 873770: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
IMAGERY AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENTAL RECALL

Male and female subjects who differed on measures of imagery ability were tested for incidental recall in two experiments involving pictures and words as stimuli. In one experiment, high‐imagery males surpassed their low‐imagery counterparts in intentional free recall of words, but the reverse relation occurred with females. No relation was obtained between imagery ability and incidental recall for stimulus colour. However, the colours were recalled better when associated with pictures rather than words as stimuli, suggesting an effect of stimulus concreteness on visual memory. The orientating task in the second experiment was item recognition. High‐imagery subjects were more accurate than low‐imagers in the recognition task, and high‐imagery females (but not males) surpassed their low‐imagery counterparts in incidental recall of the stimuli.

Topic: Memory Processes and Influences
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Poisson dynamic models. An application to interurban accidents in Spain

In this study we apply count data models to four integer–valued time series related to accidentality in Spanish roads applying both the frequentist and Bayesian approaches. The time series are: number of fatalities, number of fatal accidents, number of killed or seriously injured (KSI) and number of accidents with KSI. The model structure is Poisson regression with first order autoregressive errors. The purpose of the paper is first to sort out the explanatory variables by relevance and second to carry out a prediction exercise for validation.

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
From natural marine bacteria and fungi to culturable ones: What affects their bioactivity?

Marine bacteria and fungi have been known as sources of drug candidates. Novel natural products discovery derived from marine bacteria and fungi has been boosted in the last decades. This review discusses the challenges of culturing marine bacteria and fungi taken from their natural habitat into laboratory-scale culturable ones. Since, not all bacteria and fungi, when they are taken from their natural habitat and grown in a laboratory setting, are culturable. This review will also discuss possible solutions to overcome those challenges. Targeted bioactivity relies on the marine bacterial and fungal growth, especially due to the capability on producing the intended natural products. From this review, some important factors that must be taken into consideration to have optimal bacterial and fungal growth are genes and their variation in a species, media composition, and growth condition.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of Sampling Effects on Various Satellite-Derived Integrated Water Vapor Datasets Using GPS Measurements in Germany as Reference

Passive imagers on polar-orbiting satellites provide long-term, accurate integrated water vapor (IWV) data sets. However, these climatologies are affected by sampling biases. In Germany, a dense Global Navigation Satellite System network provides accurate IWV measurements not limited by weather conditions and with high temporal resolution. Therefore, they serve as a reference to assess the quality and sampling issues of IWV products from multiple satellite instruments that show different orbital and instrument characteristics. A direct pairwise comparison between one year of IWV data from GPS and satellite instruments reveals overall biases (in kg/m 2 ) of 1.77, 1.36, 1.11, and −0.31 for IASI, MIRS, MODIS, and MODIS-FUB, respectively. Computed monthly means show similar behaviors. No significant impact of averaging time and the low temporal sampling on aggregated satellite IWV data is found, mostly related to the noisy weather conditions in the German domain. In combination with SEVIRI cloud coverage, a change of shape of IWV frequency distributions towards a bi-modal distribution and loss of high IWV values are observed when limiting cases to daytime and clear sky. Overall, sampling affects mean IWV values only marginally, which are rather dominated by the overall retrieval bias, but can lead to significant changes in IWV frequency distributions.

Topic: GNSS positioning and interference
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cell surface-bound elastase and cathepsin G on human neutrophils: a novel, non-oxidative mechanism by which neutrophils focus and preserve catalytic activity of serine proteinases.

Serine proteinases of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils play an important role in neutrophil-mediated proteolytic events; however, the non-oxidative mechanisms by which the cells can degrade extracellular matrix in the presence of proteinase inhibitors have not been elucidated. Herein, we provide the first report that human neutrophils express persistently active cell surface-bound human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G on their cell surface. Unstimulated neutrophils have minimal cell surface expression of these enzymes; however, phorbol ester induces a 30-fold increase. While exposure of neutrophils to chemoattractants (fMLP and C5a) stimulates modest (two- to threefold) increases in cell surface expression of serine proteinases, priming with concentrations of lipopolysaccharide as low as 100 fg/ml leads to striking (up to 10-fold) increase in chemoattractant-induced cell surface expression, even in the presence of serum proteins. LPS-primed and fMLP-stimulated neutrophils have approximately 100 ng of cell surface human leukocyte elastase activity per 10(6) cells. Cell surface-bound human leukocyte elastase is catalytically active, yet is remarkably resistant to inhibition by naturally occurring proteinase inhibitors. These data indicate that binding of serine proteinases to the cell surface focuses and preserves their catalytic activity, even in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Upregulated expression of persistently active cell surface-bound serine proteinases on activated neutrophils provides a novel mechanism to facilitate their egress from the vasculature, penetration of tissue barriers, and recruitment into sites of inflammation. Dysregulation of the cell surface expression of these enzymes has the potential to cause tissue destruction during inflammation.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ASSESSING THE BODILY-KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE OF PRE-SCHOOLERS

The study focused on the presentation of an instrument developed to assess bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of pre-schoolers. There are presented activities and their evaluative procedure for the assessment of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of preschool children. A secondary aim of this study was to evaluate, with the use of this instrument, a creative dance intervention programme which focused on the development of pre-schoolers’ bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. The sample of this study consisted of 28 preschool children in total, split into intervention and control groups. In the intervention group there were 15 preschool children (7 boys and 8 girls), with an average age of 5 ± 0.5 years, and in the control group 13 children (7 boys and 6 girls). To examine the effect of the creative dance intervention program on the development of children’s bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, data were analyzed with RM-ANOVA. By these means, we arrived at the conclusion that these creative dance sessions gave pre-school children the opportunity to employ and develop their bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0976/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Competency and Participation in Acquiring a Mastery of Language: A Reconsideration of the Idea of Membership

For ethnomethodology and conversation analysis the concept of ‘member’ or ‘participant’ remains central. The aim of this paper is to consider a number of ideas originally outlined by Garfinkel and Sacks (1970) , and by way of extension and clarification, discuss transcript extracts from recorded everyday interactions between two parents and their pre-school child. We note that membership, or what might constitute being a member, involves possessing a mastery of language and being able to produce and recognise glossing practices. Furthermore, a member is someone who recognises that the actions which make conversations possible are reflexively accountable practices. By looking at extracts where a child is ‘learning how to talk’ we find evidence in support of the suggestions that: (a) membership is indeed a dynamic and concerted accomplishment in context; (b) adults often treat children as ‘good-enough’ members; and (c) infants can attain membership status not only with reference to displaying a mastery of language, but possibly by displaying a mastery of communication. We close by noting that one of Garfinkel and Sacks' (1970) particular insights was that in displaying mastery of language, speakers display membership, but mastery of language is itself a concerted accomplishment in occasion precisely because speakers display membership by not drawing attention to the fact that they are indeed a member.

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Successive vegetable intercropping in organic system: agronomic and economic performance

ABSTRACT Intercropping is a technique employed to increase productivity and profit per unit area in addition to maximizing the use of environmental resources and promoting ecological balance. Considering the advantages this practice can offer in vegetable cultivation, the present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic indices and profitability achieved through the cultivation of common kale intercropped with carrots and mustard in a crop succession system. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD), with four replicates. The kale plots were arranged in a factorial scheme (2x2), considering: factor spacing for kale planting [E1 (1.00 x 0.50 m) and E2 (0.50 x 0.50 m)]; and the intercropping factor [presence and absence of intercropping (considering carrots first and then mustard)]. The carrot and mustard plots followed the RBD, with three cultivation systems (treatments): system 1 = monoculture; system 2 = intercropping with kale at E1; system 3 = intercropping with kale at E2. Throughout the kale cycle, carrots were replaced by mustard. The kale-carrot intercropping, succeeded by kale-mustard at the E1 spacing, showed good yield and land use efficiency of 184%, with greater profitability than monocultures. The kale-carrot intercropping, succeeded by kale-mustard at the E2 spacing, also showed agronomic efficiency (63%) and positive economic yield, but with lower profitability than monocultures.

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Landforms and landscape evolution in the <scp>M</scp>ylliem <scp>G</scp>ranite <scp>A</scp>rea, <scp>M</scp>eghalaya <scp>P</scp>lateau, <scp>N</scp>ortheast <scp>I</scp>ndia

The M ylliem granite is one of many igneous bodies within the basement complex of the M eghalaya Plateau, northeast I ndia. Although relatively small in size at c. 90 km 2 , it is very diverse geomorphologically and shows a range of distinctive landscapes within its limits. Relict flat watershed ridges and topographic basins characterize the northern and eastern part of the pluton, whereas to the southwest the relief becomes higher, with steeper hillslopes and deeply incised valleys. Deep weathering and thick saprolites are abundant, as are residual landforms resulting from stripping of the saprolite: domes, tors and boulders. The major reason behind the diversity of granite landscape of the M ylliem pluton is the progress of headward erosion, initiated at the Dauki fault in the south of the M eghalaya. Headward erosion enhances local relief and hence, weathering systems. Multi‐concave morphology is gradually transformed into multi‐convex one, which is hypothesized to be the specific mode of plateau evolution and scarp retreat in granite bedrock.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rapid Detection of PBP2a in Staphylococci from Shortly Incubated Subcultures of Positive Blood Cultures by an Immunochromatographic Assay

Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to health and incurs high economic costs worldwide. Rapid detection of resistance mechanisms can contribute to improving patient care and preventing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
322 DEPRESSION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV.

<h3>Background</h3> Depression, substance abuse, and alcohol abuse are known to play a significant role in chronic diseases and especially afflict persons living with HIV (PLWH). The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of these disorders in a population of PLWH and identify predisposing correlates. <h3>Methods</h3> A voluntary, IRB-approved questionnaire was offered to patients presenting to the University of Kentucky HIV clinic. Depression was assessed with both self-reported medical history as well as the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9). Substance abuse was assessed with the 10-item Short Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) and 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Self-reported demographic information was also collected. The data were analyzed through the use of simple means, standard errors, and Pearson product-moment correlations. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 123 surveys delivered, 102 (82.9%) were returned. Demographic information finds: mean age 40.6 6 9.1 (22-67); 83% men; 80% Caucasian, 15% African American, 3% Hispanic, and 1% Asian; 67% are men who have sex with men (MSM), 14% indicate high-risk heterosexual activity (HRH), 4 (4%) intravenous drug use, 2% report blood exposure, and 13% do not know their HIV risk factor; 50% have depression, and 28.4% have anxiety. The proportion of worrisome scores on these measures were 57.8% (PHQ $ 5 indicating depression), 11.8% (DAST $ 3), and 9.3% (AUDIT $ 8). Individual PHQ item analysis finds that 66.33% feel depressed, 72.92% have difficulty sleeping, 68.13% have poor appetite, and 24.5% are suicidal. Regarding drug abuse, 43.43% have used drugs for nonmedical reasons, 11.22% have neglected their family because of drugs, and 13.27% are unable to stop using drugs. Most (91.67%) do not consume more than 1-2 drinks per week, but 26.04% report some binge-drinking and 11.34% have been told to cut down. Significant correlations include self-reported depression and anxiety with PHQ scores (r = .473, p &lt; .001 and r = .341, p &lt; .001, respectively), depression with nonwhites and less education (r = .26, p = .016 and r = .276, p = .01, respectively), and drug abuse with younger age (r = .36, p = .011). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The data suggest that depression is quite rampant in this population. Alcohol and drug abuse do not appear disproportionate; however, the small but significant binge-drinking and inability to stop using drugs could conceivably affect their disease outcomes. Mental health disorders represent serious, common, but identifiable and treatable comorbid disease in an already vulnerable population.

Topic: HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences