jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Environmental Flow over Buildings for Renewable Energy Application

abstract: For the increasing concerns of influence on environment by fossil-electricity generation, application of renewable energy becomes one of the most focused issues in society. Based on the limitation on urban environment, wind turbines, which can be mounted on rooftop or between buildings, are regarded as a feasible way for wind energy generation. This study presents wind flow simulations in a large-scale environment with certain dimension buildings. Different inlet velocity boundary conditions are tested firstly, and the non-uniform inlet boundary condition shows better agreement with realistic situation. Turbulence intensity is set to be 10% for comparison consistency. The k-epsilon turbulence model is regarded as a better simulation for this certain condition. After that, three different structures, which include single building, pristine double building and modified circular gap double building systems, are tested in this environment condition. The result shows 18.8% velocity increasing on the top of single building system. Pristine double building systems are tested with 4 different gap distances, and building with 10 meters gap achieved the best velocity condition, which 32.8% velocity increasing and 11.8% improvement comparing to single building system, respectively. But the location of maximum velocity moves to the gap and the maximum velocity on the rooftop of double building system is approximately 5.1% lower than single building system. Based on previous study, modified circular gap double building system is created with 10 meters gap. Comparing result with single building system, modified circular gap system achieves higher improvement for wind flow, whose improvement of velocity increasing in the gap and on the rooftop of building are 47.1% and 3.0%, respectively. As a result, the modified circular gap double building can be regarded as a high efficiency system of environmental wind flow over buildings for renewable energy system.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Novelty in News Photographs on Attention and Memory

Abstract Critics of news photography have argued that most news photographs are highly conventional. Two experiments were conducted to examine how people respond to photographs that break with conventionality. Specifically, these studies tested the effects of photographic novelty in terms of preferences for viewing, viewing time, recall memory, and interest ratings for the photographs when seen alone and when seen in a newspaper. The experiments show that readers respond better to photographs that are novel, but only when the images are viewed on their own. These effects dissappear when photos are seen as part of newspaper pages. In this context, the only driving sources of interest seem to be the story topic.

Topic: Media Influence and Health
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Taking epilepsy medications consistently

In their article “Early pediatric antiepileptic drug nonadherence is related to lower long-term seizure freedom,” Dr. Modi and colleagues1 studied the relationship between taking medications consistently and long-term disease control. Recognizing that no one is perfect, they looked at 2 groups. The first group took their medications very accurately. This group was “near perfect,” taking their medication correctly an average of 96.8% of the time. They compared this group to the group who did not do as well at taking their medication, who they termed “nonadherent.”

Dr. Modi and colleagues have looked at this problem in the past and published articles on how well people take their medication. The past studies showed that there are many factors that influence how well a person takes his or her medicine. In addition, their study showed that there was a subset of people who did well right from the start. In this study, they compared the group who did well right from the start (near-perfect adherence in the first 6 months of treatment) vs those who did not do as well.

Dr. Modi and colleagues are pediatric epilepsy specialists. They studied adherence to treatment in children aged 2 to 12 years. All of the children had just been diagnosed with seizures. All were started on medication. None of the children had other medical problems. Dr. Modi and his group at Cincinnati Children's Hospital saw the children 1 month after diagnosis and then once every 3 months thereafter. They continued to follow the group for a total of 4 years from the diagnosis. They started the study in 2006.

It took 3 …

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on the Chemical Inhibition of T2r+ Bacteriophage

Summary Twenty-eight out of 180 compounds tested prevented lysis of Escherichia coli B by T2r+ bacteriophage. Possible mechanisms of their activity are presented. Inhibition by many of these compounds was reversed by one or more naturally occurring substances, particularly those associated with oxidative enzyme systems. Quinacrine was antagonized competitively by riboflavin and nicotinic acid, and non-competitively by thiamin. Phthalic acid was reversed non-competitively by thiamin, cysteine and creatinine. Inhibition induced by streptomycin was reversed competitively by pyridoxine and non-competitively by p-aminobenzoic acid.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Large proper motions in the Orion Nebula.

Several nehular features, as well as one faint star, with large proper motions have heen identified within the Orion nehula. The measured proper motions correspond to tangential velocities of up to 70 km . One new prohahle variahle star was also found. Key words: Orion nehula-proper motions

Topic: Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bain Capital VII Coinvestment Fund LP 2009 Audited Financial Statements

The Bain Capital VII Coinvestment Fund LP is a limited partnership based in the Cayman Islands. It shares a general partner with the Bain Capital Fund VII, LP, which Romney has disclosed a partnership stake in, and is, according to its audited financial statements, designed to "invest...in certain transactions concurrently with Bain Capital Fund VII LP." As of 2009, it held $141 million in assets and reported a $4 million decrease in capital. In 2011, according to financial disclosures, the Ann D. Romney Blind Trust held between $100,000 and $250,000 in the coinvestment fund, earning between $100,000 and $1 million. (Unofficial mirror of http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/407729-bain-capital-vii-coinvestment-fund-lp-financial.html)

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The rediscovery of vocabulary

This article reviews four recent books of current research in vocabulary acquisition. Vocabulary acquisition has moved from being a neglected backwater in second language acquisition (SLA) to a position of some importance, and this importance looks like increasing as lexical issues become more central to theoretical linguistics.The review suggests, however, that most vocabulary research in applied linguistics is based on a narrow linguistic agenda that was to a large extent defined by the concerns of the vocabulary control movement in the 1920s, particularly the work of H.E. Palmer and his successors (Smith, 1998; Institute of Research in Language Teaching, 2000). Current work in psycholinguistics and computational linguistics does not seem to have made much of an impact on the field, and this has led to a serious divergence between the theories of vocabulary acquisition that appear in these books, and the theories that are developing in other related fields.

Topic: Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Yield indicators extracted from the combined use of CORINE land cover and NOAA-AVHRR/NDVI

In the framework of crop monitoring projects, satellite derived information is widely used to derive crop information and indices for yield estimation. The methodology applied here consists of extracting yield indicators from the combined use of land cover information (CORINE) and NOAA-AVHHR/NDVI at medium scale. The integration of an independent land cover increases the information content of the extracted time series of NDVI. Thus, indicators extracted are more closely related to crop yield. The study investigated the potential use of NDVI profiles obtained for the 'non-irrigated arable land' CORINE class to perform crop yield assessment. Data for wheat grown in Spain between 1995 and 1997 are presented at regional scale (sixteen administrative regions). By means of a statistical model (linear regression), indicators extracted from the CORINE class NDVI profiles have been linked to crop yields.

Topic: Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utilization of Social Support Center on Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in a Tertiary Institution, Benin City

Background: Social support consists of a network of people drawn from the community members that promote mental health wellbeing, as inadequate social support gives rise to various mental illnesses such as depression and this has a negative influence on the life of students which can increases the risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: This study aims to access the utilization of social support among undergraduate students residing in halls of residence at University of Benin. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional non-experimental research design was used for the study. A total of 380 participants was employed using convenient sampling and a self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis were tested using ANOVA, ANCOVA, Independent T-test, and Multivariate logistic regression model at a 5% level of significance.. All the analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Findings from this study showed that most 226(59.5%) of the respondents recorded a fair level of knowledge of social support on depression and suicidal ideation. The majority 266(70%) of the respondents had a good level of utilization of social support. Factors that promote the use of social support among undergraduates were nearness to residence (2.50 ± 0.90), availability of time (4.01 ± 0.31), awareness of social support centers (3.90 ± 0.52), free of cost/charges (3.90 ± 0.42), less time-consuming process (4.01 ± 0.21), and concern from family (2.72 ± 0.92). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge level based on the hall of residence of respondents (F = 6.033, p &lt; 0.001). On the effect of the covariate “Level of respondent” on the outcome variable “Knowledge of social support”. The association between the class level of respondents and their knowledge of social support was not statistically significant (F1,7 = 0.576, p = 0.448), while the association between hall of residence and knowledge of social support was statistically significant (F6,7 = 6.121, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Although the level of utilization of social support services in the present study is encouraging there is a need for improvement as the level of knowledge is poor. Better knowledge of social support services can translate into good utilization among the students. The researchers, therefore, recommend that more sensitization, seminars, conferences, and workshops on the importance of social support services should be organized from time to time to update the students’ knowledge and create awareness on the various social support services available both physical and online.

Topic: Health and Well-being Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Severe congenital neutropenia: new lane for ELANE

In this issue of Blood, Tidwell et al1 demonstrate that mutations in the start codon (protein synthesis is initiated at the codon ATG) of neutrophil elastase (ELANE) result in the production of N-terminally truncated elastase, which mislocates to the nucleus and results in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN).

Topic: Blood disorders and treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementing an Evidence Based Practice Guideline to Standardize the Care of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to explore the impact of implementing the Health TeamWorks practice guideline in standardizing the care for adults with type 2 diabetes. The goal was to improve patients’ glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels to less than 8% and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels to less than 100mg/dL. The Implementation Model, adapted by Titler (2010) and built on Rogers Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 2003), guided this project. Interventions used to promote the use of guideline included the use of opinion leaders, education classes, audit and feedback of performance during providers’ meetings. METHODS: A ‘pre and post’ implementation evaluation of patients’ laboratory results was the design used to gather data. Patients with uncontrolled HbA1c levels were checked every three months and LDL levels once during the year of project. RESULTS: The convenience sample of 11 providers included six medical doctors and five nurse practitioners employed at Kalihi Pālama Health Center. They were primary care providers of record for 88 patients with diabetes whose laboratory results were tracked for this project. Descriptive and trend analyses revealed the 3-months, 6-months, 9-months and 12-months checks results of 74%, 32%, 52% and 43% of patients with improved HbA1c levels, respectively. Of the 88 patients, 19% met the target of HbA1c level of less than 8% at least once during the project year. Forty three patients had their LDL levels rechecked in 2015 and 33% of them met the target goal of less 100 mg/dL. DISCUSSION. The results revealed a decrease in HbA1c in the majority of patients; however, glycemic relapse was noted at the 6-months checkpoint. Despite the work of care coordinators, the patient ‘no show’ for appointments was a common occurrence due to a lack of insurance and financial resources. Providers identified facilitators and barriers to using the guideline. It was difficult to establish adherence of providers’ use of the guideline because of the multiple ‘patient factors’ identified that prevented consistent implementation and evaluation. However, working in a collaborative team made a difference in bridging the gaps in the care of diabetic patients.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Education
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluative criteria for sleepwear: A study of privately consumed product in the People’s Republic of China

&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study is to explore and investigate Chinese male consumers’ perceptions and behaviours towards low involvement and privately consumed product – pyjamas. According to our literature review, little research has been devoted to this particular topic. In this study, multiple product cues were used to measure and uncover what constitute consumers’ evaluation and purchase decisions. The questionnaire survey for this study was conducted in a second-tier city by using the convenience sampling method. In total, 256 useable questionnaires were collected and analysed. This study shows evidence that a majority of the Chinese male respondents did not wear pyjamas for sleeping. The intrinsic cues of sleepwear were ranked relatively higher than extrinsic cues, and the comfort cue was the most important criterion for product evaluation. Further research on this topic focusing on different products, samples and cities are recommended. The findings of this study provide insight and implications for fashion practitioners to develop their product and business in China.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Fashion and Cultural Textiles
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cultural differences in postnatal quality of life among German-speaking women’ at the OPTIMISE2014 Conference Optimising Childbirth across Europe: An interdisciplinary maternity care conference, Brussels, Belgium, April 2014

INTRODUCTION: Assessment of quality of life after childbirth constitutes an important health-outcome measurement for childbearing women and midwifery. The Mother-Generated Index (MGI) is a validated instrument used to assess postnatal quality of life. The tool has not been applied for cross-cultural comparison before. STUDY AIMS: to investigate (a) responses to the MGI in German-speaking women; and (b) associations between MGI scores, maternity and midwifery care. ETHICAL APPROVAL: received from the university. METHODLOGY: A two-stage survey including a follow-up was conducted in two rural hospitals in the south of Germany and in the north of Switzerland. Both questionnaires included the MGI, socio-demographic, health and maternity-care-related questions and were distributed during the first days and six weeks postpartum. The surveys were developed during a STSM. Parametric and nonparametric tests were computed with SPSS. FINDINGS: A total of 129 questionnaires were returned three days and 83 seven weeks after birth. There were no significant differences in the MGI scores between German and Swiss women at both times p=0.22, p=0.43). At three weeks significantly higher MGI scores were associated with (a) more information (p=0.01) and better support (p=0.02) in hospital, and at seven weeks (c) more adequate information during pregnancy ( p=0.02); (d) higher rated birth experience ( p&lt;0.01), (e) having had an epidural anaesthesia ( p&lt;0.01); (f) , higher self-esteem of coping ( p&lt;0.01); (g), more support at home ( p=0.03); and (h) less disturbed sleep ( p&lt;0.01). Significantly lower MGI scores were associated with a private doctor attending birth (p=0.01) and exclusively breastfeeding (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The tool is able to detect differences in postnatal quality of life among women with more divergent cultural backgrounds. Gaps in maternity and midwifery care were detected. The MGI has potential as a toll in cross-cultural comparative maternity

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
RATE OF AND BIAS TO TECHNICAL CHANGE UNDER A REGIME OF ALMOST HOMOGENEITY OF THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION

This paper utilizes the concept of almost homogeneity to obtain a generalization of the elasticity of factor substitution. From this, an expression for the bias to technical change is derived that explicitly includes the individual degrees of input homogeneity. It is shown that the relative values of these homogeneity parameters can affect the magnitude and direction of the factor-saving bias to technical change. These parameters also influence the size of the residual or unexplained component of aggregate output growth.

Topic: Economic Growth and Productivity
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Correlations between epidermal growth factor receptor, her-2-neu and estrogen receptor in carcinoma breast-A study from cancer centre in India

22173 Background: The over expression of two members of the erbB oncogene family-the epidermal growth factor receptor protein (EGFR) and the Her-2 neu protein and estrogen receptor in breast cancer has been investigated by numerous authors. This study was performed on Indian patients to Correlate EGFR, Her-2-neu and ER in Breast Cancer. Methods: The expression of EGFR, Her-2-neu and ER in 210 specimens of breast cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry and EGFR expression was also clinico-pathologically corelated. Results: EGFR expression was positive in 41.4% of breast cancer. The expression of EGFR was positively correlated to pathological tumor size (p=0.001), Her-2 neu (p=0.000), Visceral metastasis (p=0.000) and Disease Free Survival (p=0.002) but inversely correlated to ER (p=0.000), and Overall survival (p=0.001). There was no correlation between EGFR and age, menopausal status, histology or lymph node status. Estrogen receptor was found to be positive in 66.2% and 28.6% were Her-2 neu positive. EGFR had positive correlation with Her-2 neu, p-value being highly significant (0.000). It had a negative correlation with ER, p-value 0.001.ER had a negative correlation with EGFR & Her-2 neu, p-value being 0.001 and 0.000 respectively. Her-2 neu had a positive correlation with EGFR, p-value being 0.000. It had a negative correlation with ER, p-value being 0.000. Her-2 neu receptor has a positive correlation with systemic recurrence (p value=0.001). Her-2 neu receptor has an inverse correlation with survival (p value=0.000). Estrogen receptor has an inverse correlation with systemic recurrence (p value=0.042). Estrogen receptor has a positive correlation with disease free survival (p value=0.033) Conclusions: The expression of EGFR and Her-2-neu in Breast Cancer is a bad prognostic marker and related to poor outcome. Future trials should aim at incorporating EGFR targeted therapies in order to improve the disease outcome, Her-2-neu targeted therapies are already in vogue. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Competition within the virus‐specific CD4 T‐cell pool limits the T follicular helper response after influenza infection

CD4 T follicular helper cells (TFH) are critical in the generation of potent and long‐lived B‐cell responses after viral infection. However, the factors that dictate the generation and maintenance of these cells are not fully understood. Here we use adoptive transfer of OTII T‐cell receptor transgenic CD4 T cells, followed by infection with recombinant influenza A virus (IAV), as a means of identifying and tracking virus‐specific CD4 + T‐cell responses. We show that T‐cell competition within the virus‐specific CD4 T‐cell pool induced by IAV infection limits the proliferation and differentiation of IAV‐specific CD4 + TFH responses. In particular, increased T‐cell competition for antigen results in a diminished IAV‐specific TFH CD4 T‐cell responses, particularly germinal center TFH responses. Strikingly, competition in the form of preexisting cellular immunity generated by heterosubtypic IAV immunization limits de novo CD4 T‐cell responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. Taken together, these data show a profound linkage between antigen availability and promotion of TFH CD4 + T‐cell responses in response to infection. These data suggest that competition within the CD4 T‐cell pool limits TFH responses and may be an important regulatory mechanism for controlling immunity.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences