jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid content of intima, media, and atherosclerotic fatty streak in human thoracic aorta.

The importance of lipids in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in man remains obscure, although the accumulation of lipids has long been acknowledged as closely associated with the lesions of the disease. The hypothesis that gross fatty streak lesions occur early in the sequence of pathogenesis provides a significant guide to the study of this disease (1, 2). Comprehensive knowledge about the lipids of the fatty streak lesions would form a firm basis for comparative study of the role lipids play in potentially precursive and successive lesions. At present, the characterization of fatty streak lipids, including their distribution and concentration in arterial tissue, is incomplete. This is due primarily to differences among the published studies in classification of the lesions, methods of tissue sampling, and choice of normal tissue specimens for control analyses. Few analyses have specifically distinguished the lipids of normal intima, normal media, and the fatty streak lesions of atherosclerosis (3-6). This paper reports analyses of cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride in the fatty streak lesions and grossly normal tissues from thoracic aortas of a homogenous group of 11 male subjects and a

Topic: Aortic Thrombus and Embolism
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Commentary on Country Analysis of China for Lego

The political and legal environment in China has both opportunities and threats to Lego. Recently government has intensified effort to control corruption and bureaucracy associated setting up and sustaining a viable business in China especially by multinationals. New measures to open up China to major multinationals especially in the manufacturing sector are under way in China and this will help Lego to make impact. This commentary examines the external operational environment of Lego in China

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Greater than the Sum of Its Parts: Combining Entrepreneurial and Sustainable Competencies in Entrepreneurship Education

Discussions about sustainability and entrepreneurship are often an “either/or” discourse. Many higher-education institutions offer sustainability education programs with the aim of enabling students to think and act sustainably without concrete tools for change. Similarly, many offerings in entrepreneurship fail to address sustainability issues. This article assumes a qualitative, constructivist, systems thinking approach to theorize and analyze the relationships between entrepreneurship and sustainability competencies and makes three contributions to theory and practice. First, it provides a thematic analysis of two important European competence frameworks—for sustainability (GreenComp) and entrepreneurial competencies (EntreComp)—and delineates their relationships. Second, through a case study of an experiential educational format, it offers three educational tools that integrate sustainability and entrepreneurial competencies. Third, it contributes to the growing field of research that combines sustainability and entrepreneurship education. The results of this paper are relevant for policymakers who want to combine sustainability and entrepreneurship in education, as well as for educators looking for methods to combine both competence frameworks.

Topic: Sustainability in Higher Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fast Tomographic Reconstruction From Limited Data Using Artificial Neural Networks

Image reconstruction from a small number of projections is a challenging problem in tomography. Advanced algorithms that incorporate prior knowledge can sometimes produce accurate reconstructions, but they typically require long computation times. Furthermore, the required prior knowledge can be very specific, limiting the type of images that can be reconstructed. Here, we present a reconstruction method that automatically learns prior knowledge using an artificial neural network. We show that this method can be viewed as a combination of filtered backprojection steps, and, therefore, has a relatively low computational cost. Results for two different cases show that the new method is able to use the learned information to produce high quality reconstructions in a short time, even when presented with a small number of projections.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tracking a voyager: mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal mainland-to-island dispersal of an American crocodile (<i>Crocodylus acutus</i>) across the Caribbean

Abstract Conservation efforts have allowed American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) populations to recover to the point that dispersal movements are beginning to be documented. The environmental authority of San Andres Island in Colombia reported, for the first time, the arrival of two C. acutus from unknown localities in 2012 and 2018. The former was sacrificed, and the latter was captured and kept in captivity to determining its potential origin. We used wildlife forensics to establish the origin of the animal that arrived in 2018 based on two mitochondrial genes (COI and Cytb). Additionally, five other samples from Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP), and Salamanca Island Road Park (SIRP) were sequenced for molecular attribution of these populations to the currently described lineages. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses showed that the American crocodile found in San Andrés belongs to a continental evolutionary lineage endemic to Colombia, showing also a strong genetic similarity with animals from SIRP. Thus, the most likely origin for this individual was not the nearest continental area but somewhere around the central Colombian Caribbean, located ~700 km from the island. We discuss the implication of our findings in the systematics and conservation of the species and the potential of mitochondrial DNA analysis to identify such migrants.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ENHANCEMENT OF PRESSING OF SUGAR BEET CUTS BY COMBINED OHMIC HEATING AND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD TREATMENT

This article describes the influence of combined ohmic heating (OH) and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the juice extraction from sugar beet cuts of different sizes. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory filter-press cell connected to OH and PEF-treatment systems. OH (60 V/cm, 50 Hz) was used to attain different temperatures (30-70C), which were maintained during a fixed time (10-30 min). It was followed by a PEF treatment (600 V/cm, 0.04 s). OH noticeably enhances the extraction kinetics even at a moderate temperature of 50C. With the increase of OH temperature to 60C, the juice yield obtained by pressing is comparable to the one obtained after PEF treatment. The results show that combining OH and PEF treatment leads to some synergetic effect, promoting 85-87% of juice extraction even from middle and coarse cuts. This affect might result from both the electropermeabilization of cell membranes and the thermal softening of tissues.

Topic: Microbial Inactivation Methods
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cytoreductive surgery: left upper abdomen

Metastatic ovarian cancer may involve important anatomical structures in the left upper abdomen including the transverse colon, the spleen, the tail of the pancreas, the left hemi-diaphragm and the stomach. The proximate relationship of these structures to the greater omentum and gastrocolic ligament predisposes to tumor spread by direct extension from a large omental cake. The spleen and left hemi-diaphragm, and rarely the stomach, may also be involved by independent metastatic lesions that are discontinuous with an omental tumor. This chapter will outline the relevant regional anatomy and address the cytoreductive surgical procedures required for the operative management of ovarian cancer extending to the left upper abdomen.

Topic: Intraperitoneal and Appendiceal Malignancies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Perfect Match? Correlates of Job Placement Among PhD Earners

Earning a doctorate in a field implies a strong desire to stay in that field, yet not all who earn a PhD do stay in their field. Therefore this study assumes that those who leave their chosen field do so either involuntarily or because of strong “pull” factors. Using the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (2015), this study examines a variety of factors that affect job placement among PhD recipients, specifically efforts to “match” doctoral field credentials with occupational outcomes. Analyses explicitly test classic assumptions underlying Human Capital Theory, while also taking into account demographic characteristics social capital differences. Findings indicate that demographic characteristics (such as gender, age and citizenship), human capital (including doctoral and bachelor field type) and social capital influence job placement. Institutional context also plays a role. Perhaps the most surprising finding is that approximately 40-45% of respondents find a job outside of their doctorate field of study, specifically those with doctorates in Biology, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Physical and Related Sciences, Social and Related Sciences and Engineering. Identifying these individual- and institutional-level factors helps understand both who is finding a job credential match and whether or not that match is a lucrative one. Advisor: Regina Werum

Topic: Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Risk factors of extubation failure in extremely low birth weight infants: a five year retrospective analysis.

Extubation failure is one of the most serious complications in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) on mechanical ventilation therapy. We performed a 5-year retrospective analysis to realize the status of extubation failure in ELBWI. Extubation failure was defined as requirements of re-intubation within 72 hours after extubation. The extubation failure rate was 21% (29/138). The mean birth body weight was 808.3 +/- 140.4 gm. The mean gestational age was 25.8 +/- 1.2 wks. The incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) in infants with extubation failure was 100% (29/29). Apnea of prematurity 49% (14/29) and post-extubation atelectasis 39% (11/29) were the most common reasons for reintubation. The major microbiology findings which correlated with nosocomial pneumonia in infants with extubation failure were Acinetobacter baumanni (21%), Klebsiella pneumonia (21%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (14%), and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (14%). In conclusion, post-extubation atelectasis and apnea were the most common reasons for reintubation. ELBWI with extubation failure had higher incidences of post-extubation atelectasis, CLD, and nosocomial pneumonia. Further prospective studies are needed in order to clarify the appropriate extubation program for ELBWI and to prevent post-extubation atelectasis and nosocomial pneumonia.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimal path and tracking control of an autonomous VTOL aircraft

This study presents a simple algorithm for motion-planning and design tools for tracking in a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. The proposed motion-planning procedure is based on the solution of a linear algebraic equation. The resulting schemes are useful for flight control of an autonomous VTOL aircraft in case the objective is to drive the system from a given state to a prescribed target and when a reference path should be followed. In particular the proposed controller ensures the accomplishment of a required control task while in addition, a selected quadratic index of performance is minimized. The solution to the suboptimal control problem is simple since a functional which measures the controller performance, reduces to a quadratic form and hence, the extremum is associated with a minimum point of a function of several variables

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Construction and identification of eukaryotic vector expressing pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2

AIM:To construct and identify the eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 expressing human hBMP2. METHODS: We cloned human hMBP2 gene from human osteogenic sarcoma with RT-PCR and inserted it into T-vector. Then we verified the DNA sequence with DNA sequencing and sub-cloned it into the eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP and identified it with double digestion. Finally we transfected the pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 into HEK293 cells and verified the expression with fluorescence microscope and Western blot. RESULTS: Human BMP2 gene was cloned successfully and verified with double digestion and DNA sequencing, and the constructed eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 could express hBMP2 correctly. CONCLUSION: We constructed the eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 expressing hBMP2 and established the foundation for the study of this gene.

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Systematic review of the use of statistics in restoration ecology of arid areas.

Datasheet for a systematic review of the use of statistics in restoration ecology of arid areas. The purpose of this review was to examine the use of statistics in restoration ecology. 369 papers were found using the search terms restor* AND desert in ISI Web of Science. After papers that did not address restoration or were not conducted in arid environment 114 papers remained. These papers were examined and data conserning the use of statistics were extracted. This was examined to assess the use of statistics in the field as well as determine if there were any gaps in statistical analysis.

Topic: Plant Ecology and Soil Science
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analytical hierarchy process for regional development priority in Donorejo, Central Java

Donorejo is one of the villages in Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This village is a unique place and famous for its tourism site, namely Goa Seplawan. Nevertheless, this tourist attraction has not provided significant income for local revenue, as the poverty rate in Donorejo is still quite high. The Office of Community Empowerment, Villages, Population and Civil Registry of Central Java stated that only 1, 630 residents of Donorejo were categorized as prosperous in their economy. It indicated that almost 50% of the population in Donorejo has not been economically prosperous and the development of Donorejo has not implemented optimally. To find out the proper development strategy, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used as a method based on stakeholder assessment in the Donorejo. The used priorities were based on four aspects, namely human resource development, regional promotion, development of supporting infrastructure, and public services. The obtained results indicated that development of supporting infrastructure is a priority for the development of Donorejo. This outcome can be used as a reference to optimize the village development.

Topic: Local Economic Development and Planning
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
BRITISH CARTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, DURHAM 1977

Some 180 delegates attended the Annual Symposium of the British Cartographic Society held at Durham University from Friday 16 to Sunday 18 September. Lectures and exhibitions were held in the Geography Department and accommodaiton was provided at nearby Grey College.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Climate Change on Plant-Insect Interaction

Climate change is currently the most dynamic and important worldwide environmental issue. Rising temperatures, frequent droughts, erratic precipitation, and other effects of the greenhouse effect and climate change are already clearly visible. In the modern era, plants are typically vulnerable to new environmental factors, such as higher levels of solar radiation, rise in temperatures, greenhouse effect, and changes in rainfall patterns over the seasons, as a result of natural cycles and anthropogenic activities and their effects on the global climate. The biochemistry of plants and consequently their defensive mechanisms can be significantly altered by elevated temperatures, CO2, and sudden changes in rainfall patterns. Thus, the interactions between plants and insects are altered, having a substantial impact on both natural ecosystems and food security. Reductions in plant fitness and reproduction may have an impact on human nutrition, which is dependent on insect pollination. Therefore, it is important and difficult for agriculture to understand how plants and insects respond to abiotic stress. The influence of climate change on agricultural output, as mediated by changes in the populations of extreme insect pests, should be carefully examined in the development and execution of efficient solutions for future insect pest management programmes.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Art and Belief

This volume brings together recent work on belief and its connection to truth with issues concerning belief that arise in the philosophy of art. In the twelve new essays collected here, contributors address questions at the intersection of philosophy of mind and philosophy of art, while also advancing these debates. Some of the chapters herein discuss the cognitive contributions artworks can make, for example, whether authors of fiction can testify to their readers. If they can, are they culpable for the false beliefs of their readers formed in response to their work? If they cannot, that is, if the testimonial powers of authors of fiction are limited, is there some non-testimonial epistemic role that fiction can play? And in any case, is such a role relevant when determining the value of the work? Also taken up in the volume are issues concerned with the phenomenon of <italic>fictional persuasion,</italic> specifically, what is the nature of the attitude involved in such cases (those in which we seem to form beliefs about the real world in response to reading fiction)? If these attitudes are typically unstable, unjustified, and unreliable, does this put pressure on the view that they are beliefs? If these attitudes are beliefs, does this put pressure on the view that all beliefs are aimed at truth? The final pair of papers in the volume take different stances on the nature of aesthetic testimony, in particular, is testimony of this kind a legitimate source of beliefs about aesthetic properties and value?

Topic: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamic characteristic analysis and setting of characteristic parameters of differential under-voltage protection for HVDC transmission line

Typical differential under-voltage protection has two characteristic parameters:the variation rate of voltage(d u / d t) and the low voltage level of HVDC transmission line( udl). Analysis shows:the response of du / d t to faults is slightly influenced by DC control system while that of udl is the adjustment result of DC control system against faults;du / dt responses to the faults of two polar lines more obviously than other out-zone faults,and udl responses to the faults of own and opposite polar lines quite differently. The logic and function of differential under-voltage protection are analyzed,as well as its coordination with other relay protections. The method for its setting is given and verified by a case study with EMTDC.

Topic: High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
FINITE GEOMETRIES IN QUANTUM THEORY: FROM GALOIS (FIELDS) TO HJELMSLEV (RINGS)

Geometries over Galois fields (and related finite combinatorial structures/algebras) have recently been recognized to play an ever-increasing role in quantum theory, especially when addressing properties of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). The purpose of this contribution is to show that completely new vistas open up if we consider a generalized class of finite (projective) geometries, viz. those defined over Galois rings and/or other finite Hjelmslev rings. The case is illustrated by demonstrating that the basic combinatorial properties of a complete set of MUBs of a q-dimensional Hilbert space [Formula: see text], q = p r with p being a prime and r a positive integer, are qualitatively mimicked by the configuration of points lying on a proper conic in a projective Hjelmslev plane defined over a Galois ring of characteristic p 2 and rank r. The q vectors of a basis of [Formula: see text] correspond to the q points of a (so-called) neighbour class and the q + 1 MUBs answer to the total number of (pairwise disjoint) neighbour classes on the conic. Although this remarkable analogy is still established at the level of cardinalities only, we currently work on constructing an explicit mapping by associating a MUB to each neighbour class of the points of the conic and a state vector of this MUB to a particular point of the class. Further research in this direction may prove to be of great relevance for many areas of quantum information theory, in particular for quantum information processing.

Topic: Coding theory and cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thrombosis, fibrinolysis and ethylestrenol

Since the time of Virchow, the concept of 'hypercoagulability' of the blood has been an attractive factor in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. Support for this concept may be found, over the last 50 years, in the large number of haematological abnormalities that have been reported to be associated with thombosis. Such associations may be of an acute and transient nature, for example in a patient with postoperative venous thrombosis, or alternatively of a longstanding nature, for example in a patient with recurrent thromboembolism. However, it has been difficult to determine whether such laboratory abnormalities in vitro are indeed a valid reflection of true hypercoagulability in vivo. Thus, while one or more of these abnormalities may truly predispose towards thrombosis, it is also possible that they may solely reflect the presence of thrombosis or may even be coincidental. A true causal relationship between a laboratory abnormality and a clinical condition in

Topic: Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences