jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells absolute counts in predicting durable response to R-CHOP in patients with follicular lymphoma.

e18504 Background: High amounts of CD68+ macrophages in tumor micro-environment (TAM) have been shown to correlate with prognosis in pts. with follicular lymphoma (FL). In order to identify an additional marker with prognostic significance we evaluated the circulating levels of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) which are the putative progenitors in the peripheral blood of TAM in 68 FL pts treated with R-CHOP who have had follow-up for at least 30 months. Methods: Circulating levels of MDSC identified as CD34+, CD45+, CD116+, CD13+, CD14- were evaluated by flow cytometry. Immuno-histochemistry for CD68 was performed on tissue sections. PFS and OS were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 33 male, 35 female, mean age 56.1 years (20 FL grade 1; 32 grade 2, 16 grade 3A) were included in the analysis. All pts. were treated with R-CHOP in the front line (46/68) or the first relapse (22/68) and all pts. received R for the first time. The analysis of the circulating levels of MSDC showed two different patterns. 40/68 pts had higher levels of circulating MDSC when compared to 30 healthy controls (mean 3.91/mmc vs 1.60/mmc, p= 0.0001) coinciding with high amounts of TAM, 28/68 pts had lower MDSC levels (mean 1.71/mmc) which were correlated to a low number of TAM. The median PFS was not reached for pts. with high MDSC absolute count compared with 21 months for pts. with lower circulating MDSC. A trend towards a better OS at 30 months was also observed for pts. with high MDSC content (OS, 97% versus 92%). Conclusions: Our findings favor the hypotesis that macrophages may act synergically with anti-CD20 targeted therapy perhaps enhancing the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of R. Furthermore, this mechanism could explain the diminished beneficial effect of rituximab in pts. with low MDSC.

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Asbestos causes DNA strand breaks in cultured pulmonary epithelial cells: role of iron-catalyzed free radicals

Asbestos causes pulmonary fibrosis and various malignancies by mechanisms that remain uncertain. Reactive oxygen species in part cause asbestos toxicity. However, it is not known whether asbestos-induced free radical production causes alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) cytotoxicity by inducing DNA strand breaks (DNA-SB). We tested the hypothesis that asbestos-induced AEC injury in vitro is due to iron-catalyzed free radical generation, which in turn causes DNA-SB. We found that amosite asbestos damages cultured human pulmonary epithelial-like cells (WI-26 cells) as assessed by 51Cr release and that an iron chelator, phytic acid (500 microM), attenuates these effects. A role for iron causing these effects was supported by the observation that ferric chloride-treated phytic acid did not diminish WI-26 cell injury. Production of hydroxyl radical-like species (.OH) was assessed based upon the .OH-dependent formation of formaldehyde (HCHO) in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. A variety of mineral dusts induced significant levels of .OH formation (nmol HCHO at 30 min: carbonyl iron, 85 +/- 21; amosite asbestos, 14 +/- 2; chrysotile asbestos, 7 +/- 1; titanium dioxide, 2.5 +/- 0.5). Phytic acid significantly diminished the asbestos-induced .OH production. DNA damage to AEC was assessed by the alkaline unwinding, ethidium bromide fluorometric technique. Hydrogen peroxide caused dose-dependent DNA-SB in WI-26 cells after a 30-min exposure period [50% effective dose (ED50): 5 microM] that was similar to other cell lines. Amosite asbestos induced dose-dependent DNA-SB in WI-26, A549, and primary isolated rat alveolar type II cells maintained in culture for 7-10 days (alveolar type I-like). Lower doses of amosite (0.5-5 micrograms/ml or 0.25-2.5 micrograms/cm2) caused significant WI-26 cell DNA-SB after prolonged exposure periods (&gt; or = 2 days). Phytic acid ameliorated DNA damage in all three cultured AEC. There was a direct correlation between mineral dust-induced .OH production at 30 min and DNA-SB in WI-26 cells at 4 h (P &lt; 0.0005). These data suggest that mineral dusts can be directly genotoxic to relevant target cells of asbestos, AEC. Furthermore, these results provide additional support for the premise that iron-catalyzed free radicals mediate asbestos-induced pulmonary toxicity.

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mycotoxins and Toxins

CONTENTS 33.1 Mycotoxins in Dairy Food .................................................................................. 69033.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 690 33.1.2 Mycotoxin Analysis ............................................................................... 69033.1.2.1 Analytical Quality Assurance ............................................... 690 33.1.2.2 Laboratory Precautions ..........................................................693 33.1.2.3 Sample Preparation ................................................................693 33.1.2.4 Extraction Procedures ...........................................................693 33.1.2.5 Cleanup Methods ................................................................. 694 33.1.2.6 Screening Tests ..................................................................... 694 33.1.2.7 Quantitative Methods ...........................................................695 33.1.2.8 Detection Systems .................................................................695

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Maternal Behaviour Q-sort

. Our major intent in this revision was to develop more items that might distinguish mothers in avoidant relationships from those in ambivalent relationships. We also removed items that do not directly describe the infant's experience. For example, in Version 2.1 there is an item about mother being a good informant. This is a good item in that it is usually easy to get relevant information during the home visit, observers generally agree, and it distinguishes mothers in secure relationships from those in non-secure relationships. The difficulty is that the item refers to the observer's rather than the infant's direct experience with the mother. Because our goal in writing q-set items is to describe mother-infant interactions rather than identifying sensitive mothers, items that did not directly describe the infant's experiences were omitted in Version 3.0. If your purpose is to distinguish sensitive from insensitive mothers, either version will work well. We have a few cases where the observer completed both versions. The summary sensitivity scores were very similar.

Topic: Cognitive and psychological constructs research
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Cloning terror: the war of images, 9/11 to the present

The phrase 'War on Terror' has quietly been retired from official usage, but it persists in the American psyche, and our understanding of it is hardly complete. Nor will it be, W. J. T. Mitchell argues, without a grasp of the images that it spawned, and that spawned it. Exploring the role of verbal and visual images in the War on Terror, Mitchell finds a conflict whose shaky metaphoric and imaginary conception has created its own reality. At the same time, Mitchell locates in the concept of clones and cloning an anxiety about new forms of image-making that has amplified the political effects of the War on Terror. and terror, he argues, share an uncanny structural resemblance, shuttling back and forth between imaginary and real, metaphoric and literal manifestations. In Mitchell's startling analysis, cloning terror emerges as the inevitable metaphor for the way in which the War on has not only helped recruit more fighters to the jihadist cause but undermined the American constitution with 'faith-based' foreign and domestic policies. Bringing together the hooded prisoners of Abu Ghraib with the cloned stormtroopers of the Star Wars saga, Mitchell draws attention to the figures of faceless anonymity that stalk the ever-shifting and unlocatable 'fronts' of the War on Terror. A striking new investigation of the role of images from our foremost scholar of iconology, Cloning Terror will expand our understanding of the visual legacy of a new kind of war and reframe our understanding of contemporary biopower and biopolitics.

Topic: Visual Culture and Art Theory
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Structure and regulation of the Escherichia coli ruv operon involved in DNA repair and recombination.

The ruv gene of Escherichia coli, which is involved in DNA repair and recombination, was cloned on a plasmid vector. The DNA of the ruv region was sequenced; it had two open reading frames in tandem that could code for 22- and 37-kilodalton proteins. The proteins encoded by these open reading frames were identified by the maxicell method. The two genes were aligned in the same orientation and regulated by the SOS system, so the two genes probably constitute an operon. The distal one complemented the ruv mutations. Transcription of the operon was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Two transcription initiation sites were identified upstream of the coding frames, and the transcription from both sites was repressed by the LexA repressor. A DNA sequence that is homologous to the SOS box and bound by LexA protein was found in the regulatory region of the operon. The amino acid sequence of Ruv protein deduced from the DNA sequence shows a high degree of homology to the consensus sequence shared by ATP-binding proteins.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Language, World, and Limits

Abstract This is a collection of previously published essays that are all concerned, at some level, with the nature, scope, and limits of representation, where by representation is meant the act of representing, truly or falsely, how things are. The collection is divided into three parts. The essays in Part I deal with linguistic representation. One thesis that surfaces at various points in these essays is that some things are ineffable. The essays in Part II deal with representation more generally, and with the character of what is represented. They all touch more or less directly on the distinction between perspectival representation, that is representation from a point of view, and absolute representation, that is representation from no point of view. One thesis that surfaces at various points in these essays is that nothing is ineffable. The essays in Part III, deriving their inspiration from the early work of Wittgenstein, indicate how the resulting tension between Parts I and II is to be resolved. We can construe the first of these theses as a thesis about states of knowledge or understanding, and the second as a thesis about facts or truths.

Topic: Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence of HCV infection and prevalent genotypes of HCV among drug users in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2022: a sentinel surveillance-based cross-sectional survey

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the genotypes of prevalent HCV among drug users in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia). MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2022 among all newly admitted drug users (n = 1 659) at AIDS sentinel surveillance sites in four cities of Inner Mongolia. Participants were interviewed and blood samples were collected for relevant information, anti-HCV/HCV nucleic acid detection, and genotyping of HCV RNA-positive specimens. Enumeration data were described by using proportions, and the chi-squared test was taken for comparisons between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify risk factors for HCV infection among drug users. ResultsAmong 1 659 drug users aged 43.67 ± 9.52 years, 98.01% were male; 89.33% were of Han ethnicity; 85.65% had local household registration; 46.05% were married or cohabiting; and 73.54% reported education of junior high school and below. HCV infection was diagnosed in 13.62% of all drug users. The most common HCV genotypes among HCV-infected individuals were 1b, 3a, and 3b, and the majority of infections with different genotypes had intermediate or high HCV RNA viral loads. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that injecting and needle-sharing drug users had a significantly increased risk of HCV infection compared with those without the two drug use behaviors, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.994 (2.243 – 3.995) and 8.217 (4.128 – 16.355), respectively. ConclusionThe prevalent HCV genotypes among HCV-infected drug users in Inner Mongolia are 1b and 3a, and genotype 3a HCV infections have higher viral loads. Strengthening drug control, regular testing and treatment of HCV infection among drug users should be implemented to promptly detect and intervene in HCV infection in the population.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Two-step laser ionization schemes for in-gas laser ionization and spectroscopy of radioactive isotopes

The in-gas laser ionization and spectroscopy technique has been developed at the Leuven isotope separator on-line facility for the production and in-source laser spectroscopy studies of short-lived radioactive isotopes. In this article, results from a study to identify efficient optical schemes for the two-step resonance laser ionization of 18 elements are presented.

Topic: Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN/FURAN AND DIOXIN- LIKE PCB CONCENTRATIONS IN SEDIMENTS AND MUSSEL

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like PCB congeners are among the most toxic chemicals in a variety of animals species including humans1,2. PCDDs, PCDFs are found as byproducts in the production of PCBs, polychlorinated naphthalenes and chlorinated phenols. These pollutants are widely dispersed in the environment2,3 and the

Topic: Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of biomechanics on bruise formation

Contusions, or bruises, are injuries commonly observed within cases of assault. However, their interpretation is currently subjective, with the mechanics of their formation and how this affects their appearance over time, not completely understood. Research in this area is limited, with the primary aim being to reduce the subjectivity of visual interpretation. It is primarily focussed on colour pattern identification, with the most success being found using the L*a*b* system, where similar patterns were identified between individuals. However, with tools such as spectrophotometry being used for measurement (Mimasaka et al. 2010), a more simplistic approach of digital photography would be more appropriate. Visible light photography is the current method used for documenting contusions, however skin reflectance can cause inaccurate colour observation and reduce bruise visibility within images. The use of cross-polarisation and IR photography, could reduce this problem and even identify bruising not visible to the naked eye (Baker et al. 2013). Studies investigating the mechanics of bruise formation are limited. Pilot work has shown that tissue response varies significantly between two individuals, whilst also influencing the severity of bruising observed. A more extensive study is required to determine which factors, including age and BMI, influence both the tissue response (e.g. impacting force), and resultant bruising. Following ethical approval, blunt impacts are delivered to the thigh of volunteers under controlled conditions. High speed video recordings will allow for impact force estimation, while colour, cross-polarised and IR photography will be used to document and identify contusions. References Baker, H.C., Marsh, N. & Quinones, I., 2013. Photography of faded or concealed bruises on human skin. Journal of Forensic Identification, 63(1), pp.103–125. Mimasaka, S. et al., 2010. Spectrophotometric evaluation of the age of bruises in children: measuring changes in bruise color as an indicator of child physical abuse. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 220(2), pp.171–175.

Topic: Child Abuse and Related Trauma
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Some segmental regularities

In the previous chapters we considered some of the basic notions relating to phonological representations and phonological generalisations. Crucial to them was the structuring of representations and the need to identify separate tiers within them. Each tier operates with units of its own (skeletal positions, melodies, syllabic constituents) which are connected with units of the other levels. An important concern in the theory of tiers is the presence of a unit at one level without any associated unit at a directly adjacent level, i.e. skeletal positions without attached melodies (empty positions), melodies unattached to positions (floating melodies) and syllabic constituents with no skeletal positions (empty onsets).

Topic: Optimization and Variational Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Study on the Familiarity of Facility-related Pictograms

본 연구의 목적은 시설과 관련된 픽토그램의 친숙도를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 통해 픽토그램을 이해하고, 의사소통 장애인들의 언어재활 시 우선적으로 사용되어야 할 픽토그램이 무엇인지에 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 한국산업규격으로 제정되어 있는 픽토그램을 사용하였으며 시설과 관련된 픽토그램 범주의 친숙도와 픽토그램 범주 내에서 각각 픽토그램의 친숙도를 살펴보았다. 시설과 관련된 픽토그램 범주 중에서 공공시설 픽토그램의 친숙도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 공공시설, 공공행위, 관광·문화유산, 교통시설, 상업시설, 스포츠 활동 등 6개 범주 내에서 각각 픽토그램의 친숙도를 연구결과에 제시하였다. 연구결과를 토대로 추후 픽토그램을 활용한 언어재활 시에 다른 범주보다도 공공시설 픽토그램을 먼저 지도하거나 보다 더 많이 포함되어야 하며 픽토그램의 친숙도를 고려하여 지도해야 할 필요가 있음을 시사한다고 하겠다. 마지막으로 언어재활 시 픽토그램의 필요성을 이해하고, 의사소통 장애인들의 독립적인 사회생활 및 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위한 픽토그램 중재 프로그램에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 이어지기를 바란다.

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Heart Rate Variability Changes in Association with ST Segment Depression During Cesarean Section Under Regional Anesthesia

Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 (Hogue) Division of Cardiology, The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 (Stein)

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hyolaryngeal Movement During Normal and Effortful Swallows Determined During Ultrasonography

Purpose: This study investigated (a) the effects of the effortful swallow under two different instructions (tongue emphasis vs. pharyngeal squeezing) on hyoid displacement and hyoid–larynx approximation, (b) the association between tongue pressure and hyolaryngeal movement during normal swallowing and the effortful swallow produced with tongue emphasis, and (c) age-related differences in hyolaryngeal movement during normal and effortful swallows (tongue emphasis vs. pharyngeal squeezing) in healthy individuals. Method: Forty healthy adults (20 younger and 20 older) swallowed their saliva as they normally do (normal swallow) and performed the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis and pharyngeal squeezing. Tongue-to-palate pressure during swallowing was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, hyolaryngeal movement was measured using ultrasonography, and submental surface electromyography was used to track swallows. Results: Results revealed differences in hyolaryngeal movement across swallowing types. Both types of effortful swallows showed greater hyolaryngeal movement than normal swallows. Additionally, hyolaryngeal movement was greater during the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis than the effortful swallow with pharyngeal squeezing. Age-related differences were found only in hyoid–larynx approximation during the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis (younger &gt; older adults). Furthermore, moderate positive correlations were identified between tongue pressure and hyolaryngeal movement during normal swallows and the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis. Conclusions: The findings show that varying instructions of the effortful swallow affect hyolaryngeal movement differently, suggesting that clinicians may need to individualize the effortful swallow instruction according to the physiological impairments of each patient. Additionally, natural age-related changes in swallowing physiology do not seem to affect an individual's ability to perform the effortful swallow or to impact hyolaryngeal movement. Finally, the association between tongue pressure and hyolaryngeal movement during normal swallows and the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis suggests that the tongue plays a critical role in swallowing, priming subsequent swallowing events.

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Compartment-specific role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the response of tomato leaf cells to Botrytis cinerea infection

Changes in AA-GSH cycle activity following Botrytis cinerea infection were studied in tomato whole-leaf extracts as well as in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. The oxidative effect of infection affected all cellular compartments although mitochondria and peroxisomes underwent the most pronounced changes. Apart from organelle-specific variations, a general shift of the cellular redox balance towards the oxidative state was found. It was manifested by the significant decline in concentrations and redox ratios of the ascorbate and glutathione pools as well as by the insufficient activity of MDHAR, DHAR, and GR needed for antioxidant regeneration. There was no compatibility between the ascorbate- and glutathione-mediated changes in different compartments. It was concluded that B. cinerea was able to break down the protective antioxidant barrier of the AA-GSH cycle at both the cellular and organellar levels. The changes in the AA-GSH cycle activity could partly be related to the B. cinerea-induced promotion of senescence that favoured disease progress.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences