jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Linear DNA–Chitosan Nanoparticles: Formulation Challenges and Transfection Efficiency in Lung Cell Line

Linear DNA constructs are used in gene delivery and therapy application due to their capacity of integration into the mammalian genome, offering stable transgene expression. Compared to circular plasmids, linear DNA also has the advantage that its dimension and steric hindrance are directly correlated to the length of the nucleotide chain. These considerations make linear DNA an effective choice for gene delivery pilot studies, where formulations and transfection efficiency calculations are studied considering the nucleic acid dimensions. Meanwhile, the development of DNA–chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) has gained significant interest for their potential in nucleic acid delivery, especially as non-viral gene delivery systems and for embedding linear DNA fragments, as well as gene delivery to the lung. This study explored an easy polyelectrolyte complexing preparation of linear DNA-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Among the different formulations of nanoparticles prepared, the optimal one exhibited a size of approximately 290 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 86% and a zeta potential of 25 mV. Additionally, this study examined how the concentration of DNA in solution influenced nanoparticle formation, encapsulation efficiency and particle size. In particular, transient transfection of the chitosan–linear DNA fragment complex, encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP), was conducted in human pulmonary distal lung cells (NCI-H441 cells), demonstrating successful cellular internalization and protein expression. These studies highlight the potential of DNA–chitosan NPs in nucleic acid delivery, particularly for pulmonary applications. Future works will focus on formulating the achieved carrier into an inhalable dosage form to improve its translational application.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Orally Inoculated Bacteria on Gastrointestinal Flora of Newborn Mice

SummaryThe emergence and persistence of Gram-positive cocci, lactobacilli and coli-form organisms in the gastrointestinal tracts of Swiss mice from birth to weaning were investigated. Changes in normal bacterial ecology due to oral feedings with both normal and abnormal organisms were described. Proteus vulgaris and to a lesser extent Pseu-domonas aeruginosa delayed the emergence and decreased the quantity of both lactobacilli and Escherichia coli. These mice had moderate increases in growth rates over those of the control groups. Recently isolated Shi-gella species when fed to newborn mice survived passage through the stomach. They did not persist in the G. I. tract nor cause changes in the mice.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
СИНДРОМ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ У МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ НА УРОВНЕ ПОЛИКЛИНИКИ

In recent years, the object of close attention of medicine and psychology has been the organization of the work of medical workers in connection with intense and often tense interpersonal communication, psychoemotional overloads leading to the onset of diseases, decreased ability to work and active period of life. The problem of professional stress, or «burnout syndrome» (BS) occupies an important place in the issue of the effective organization of work of such specialists [1]. The profession of a doctor requires physical health and psycho-emotional stability, because the daily work of medical workers is associated with the influence of complex stress factors, which leads to overload, rapid physiological and mental exhaustion.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Bankruptcy and Family Law: Perchance to Conflict

extensive litigation, the court renders a fair and reasonable disposition of all property, re sulting in a substantial property equalizing payment to my client, the obligee spouse. Just as we are about to sit down to Thanks giving dinner, however, the ob ligor spouse files for personal bankruptcy, obtaining, among other things, a total discharge from the payment. That's almost as bad a dream as had, said my colleague. I feel consoled. What do you mean dream? replied. I'm talking about real life. That bankruptcy just hap pened.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Probing the spacetime evolution of heavy ion collisions with photons and dileptons

Photons and dileptons are emitted throughout the evolution of the deconfined nuclear medium produced in heavy ion collisions. As such they can provide valuable information about the different phases of the medium, and complement hadronic measurements and other observables. In this work, recent developments related to electromagnetic emissions at early time, in the cross-over region, and at late times are reviewed. The spacetime description of the nuclear medium from a hydrodynamic model of heavy ion collisions is used to provide context and guide the discussion.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS EDIFICE NEARLY COMPLETED:<i>Industrial Relations Act 1971: Code and regulation</i>

THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS EDIFICE NEARLY COMPLETED: Industrial Relations Act 1971: Code and regulation Industrial Law Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1972, Pages 95–96, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilj/1.1.95 Published: 01 June 1972

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrogen Sorption from the Mg(NH2)2-KH System and Synthesis of an Amide-Imide Complex of KMg(NH)(NH2)

Hydrogen Sorption from the Mg(NH2)2-KH System and Synthesis of an Amide-Imide Complex of KMg(NH)(NH2)

Topic: Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigating brand loyalty using Dirichlet benchmarks: The case of light dairy products

<p style="text-align: justify">During the last years, a strong consumer interest appears for food products with low caloric content ("light" products). Due to their popularity, the real success of these products in the marketplace is a worth-investigating issue. The creation of buyers that are loyal to light food brands constitutes an indication of this success. The present work aims to investigate consumer loyalty to light dairy (milk and yoghurt) brands. First, basic Brand Performance Measures (BPMs) are empirically estimated to describe market structure of the dairy categories under investigation. Then, the Dirichlet model (Ehrenberg <em>et al</em>., 2004) was fitted to the empirical data, pointing out to theoretical category loyalty measures. Grouping of the dairy categories under investigation according to their purchase frequency and brand penetration then follows. The work concludes with the overall estimation of consumer loyalty to the light dairy sub-category compared to other sub-categories that exist within the wider dairy categories under investigation. The total market share of light brands is found to be directly comparable with that of full fat brands. The importance of the light sub-category is indicated by both the empirical BPMs and the theoretical Dirichlet-type loyalty measures in both milk and yoghurt categories, since consumers appeared to be more loyal to light brand names. However, while the marketing differentiation strategy of the light sub-category seems to be particularly successful in creating loyal buyers, it must be examined within the wider category that it belongs. This conclusion is justified by the fact that, in the grouping of categories that has been attempted, not a clear trend followed by all light brands has been observed. On the contrary, light brand exhibited diverse loyalty behaviour.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
THE EFFECT OF GRID SPACER ON REFLOOD HEAT TRANSFER

Experiments are performed to investigate the effect of grid spacer on refloodingheat transfer. The test section is rod boundle with 21 rods. The wall temperature,collapsed liquid level and liquid carryover transient are measured. The effect ofwall temperature of channel tube on rewetting velocity are investigated. The experimental results show that wall temperature in downstream of thegrid spacer decreases. The heat transfer coefficient in downstream of the gridspacer is higher than in upstream of the grid spacer. But heat transfer coefficientdecreases with the distance from the grid spacer. The incidence of the grid spaceris about 100-150 mm. The test parameters ranged 15-80℃ for inlet subcooling, 400-610℃ for initialwall temperature, 1.5-6 cm/s for reflood flow rate, 0-0.25 kW/m for heatingpower and atmosphere for system pressure.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dried Whole Black Soldier Fly Larvae Consumption Supports Gestation, Lactation, and Growth in Cats

This study evaluated the consumption of dried whole black soldier fly larvae (DBSFL) to meet the nutritional requirements of gestating and lactating cats and their kittens post-weaning. Queens (n = 8/treatment) were randomly assigned to a control diet or diets containing 20% DBSFL through gestation and lactation. Weaned kittens (n = 8/treatment) were maintained on their dams’ diet for 10-weeks. There were no differences (p &gt; 0.05) in the litter size, dietary intake, body weight, or fecal quality of the queens during the trial. The kittens receiving the DBSFL diet consumed more on an absolute or caloric basis than those fed the control diet at week 5 (p = 0.1) and week 10 (p = 0.03) and had higher body weights at weeks 6 through 10 (p &lt; 0.05). The blood and urinalysis parameters were generally within normal ranges, with some variations observed between treatments that were not considered biologically significant. The dry matter, crude protein, and amino acid digestibility levels were higher in kittens fed the DBSFL diet (p = 0.05). These data are the first to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of DBSFL for the gestation and lactation of queens and for the growth of kittens, as well as its suitability in diets for cats of all life stages.

Topic: Insect Utilization and Effects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of a heat shock-induced insoluble complex in the nuclei of cells

ABSTRACT The formation of an insoluble complex in isolated nuclei incubated at physiological temperature (37°C) is demonstrated. A similar complex is shown to form in the nuclei of intact cells subjected to temperatures that induce the classical heat-shock response. The formation of this complex occurs rapidly in response to hyperthermia and is induced by small increases in temperature both in vitro and in vivo. We have characterized the formation of the complex in isolated nuclei and the nuclei of intact cells. A small number of the subset of nuclear proteins involved in the complex have been identified. The significance of the loss of solubility of these proteins in the nucleus following hyperthermia is discussed.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Coalescence stability of alpha-lactalbumin-stabilised emulsion.

The effects of acidity (pH 5.0 to 7.0) and protein concentration (0.5 to 2.0%) on coalescence stability of o/w emulsion stabilised by alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La), that was salted out from rennet whey with 7% NaCl at pH 2.0, were studied Irrespective of pH and alpha-La concentration, the Sauter diameter (D(vs)) of an oil droplet was found to increase on storing the emulsion for 4 h at room temperature and the conditions preventing from creaming and accelerating destabilisation of the emulsion. The effect of pH on emulsion coalescence stability was greater than that of protein concentration.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Akad Murabahah yang Bermasalah di BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan

The purpose of this research is to find out the strategies used by BMT in resolving the murabahah financing that is problematic at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan, knowing the factors that are the supporters in carrying out the problem solving financing strategies at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan, knowing the factors - factors that become obstacles in carrying out financing strategies that are problematic in BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research with a case study approach. The results of this study indicate that the strategy for resolving murabahah financing that is problematic in BMT UGT is by rescheduling, calling customers, giving warning letters (SP) up to 3 times and discussing the next steps that will be taken by both parties, confiscation of collateral . Factors supporting the murabhaah financing settlement strategy that were troubled by BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan were AOA / AOP officers who always communicated, officers, AOP / AOA always supervised customer financing, always approached customers, routinely collected by AOP officers. The inhibiting factor for the problem solving strategy for murabhaah financing at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan is the AOA / AOP who are not strict in carrying out their duties so customers are negligent in their responsibilities, AOP officers do not routinely collect from customers, officers do not always report things that are a problem in this murabahah financing to the head of BMT UGT Sidogiri, AOA / AOP officers and Head of Sidogiri BMT UGT are not communicating enough, AOA / AOP is slow in responding to troublesome murabahah financing problems carried out by customers.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of bone loss in diabetic postmenopausal women

Background: Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus are major and growing public health problems particularly among postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and osteopenia with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study, we compared 200 diabetic postmenopausal women with 400 non-diabetic postmenopausal women over the age of 60 years. Age, Body Mass Index (BMI), T score of the lumbar vertebra (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and were compared between the two groups. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) was also measured in patients with type 2 DM and its relationship with osteoporosis was studied. Chi-square, Fisher′s exact test and Independent T-test was used for analyzing the data. The statistical significance was set at a P value of 0.05 or lower. Results: Mean, SD ages were 65.23 ± 4.80 vs. 66.91 ± 5.78 years and BMI were 28.94 ± 4.06 vs. 31.65 ± 4.42 kg/m 2 in non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. Lumber T scores was -2.10 ± 1.08 vs.-2.16 ± 1.27 (P = 0.60), femoral neck T-score was -0.72 ± 1.00 vs. -1.09 ± 0.96 (P = 0.00) in non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in femoral neck T score between the diabetic and non-diabetic group (P = 0.00). In diabetic women, bone loss was more common in those with HbA1C ≥7 compare to those with HbA1C &lt;7 (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Osteopenia and osteoporosis is more common in diabetic postmenopausal women compare to the non-diabetic postmenopausal women.

Topic: Bone health and osteoporosis research
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Local technological capability and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector

This article examines intra‐industry spillovers from FDI in Uruguayan manufacturing plants in 1988, to determine whether differences in the technology gap between locally‐owned plants and foreign affiliates have any impact on the relation between local productivity and foreign presence. We find a positive and statistically significant spillover effect only in a sub‐sample of locally‐owned plants with moderate technology gaps vis‐à‐vis foreign firms. Our interpretation is that there are firm‐specific differences in the ability to absorb spillovers, and that these may explain some of the contradictory findings of earlier spillover studies.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Ultrafast Maximum‐Quantum NMR Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Aromatic Mixtures

Abstract Maximum‐quantum (MaxQ) NMR experiments have been introduced to overcome issues related to peak overlap and high spectral density in the NMR spectra of aromatic mixtures. In MaxQ NMR, spin systems are separated on the basis of the highest‐quantum coherence that they can form. MaxQ experiments are however time consuming and methods have been introduced to accelerate them. In this article, we demonstrate the ultrafast, single‐scan acquisition of MaxQ NMR spectra using spatial encoding of the multiple‐quantum dimension. So far, the spatial encoding methodology has been applied only for the encoding of up to double‐quantum coherences, and here we show that it can be extended to higher coherence orders, to yield a massive reduction of the acquisition time of multi‐quantum spectra of aromatic mixtures, and also to monitor chemical reactions.

Topic: NMR spectroscopy and applications
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An optimization method of product function configuration based on value analysis

<title>Abstract</title> Product function configuration is important for customer satisfaction and enterprise profitability. In this paper, we attempt to apply the value engineering theory to optimize the configuration scheme. The concepts of customer perceived benefit, enterprise perceived cost and product function configuration value are discussed. The evaluation method of value elements based on utility theory is proposed, to quantify the function configuration value. The value model perfectly integrates the interests of the customer and the enterprise. The product function configuration optimization model is established and used to optimize an automatic transmission product configuration scheme. This optimization model based on value analysis can realize the game equilibrium between the customer and the enterprise, which attaches importance to the subjective feelings of them.

Topic: Quality Function Deployment in Product Design
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical evaluation of mandibular overdentures supported by multiple-bar fabrication: a follow-up study of two implant systems.

A retrospective follow-up study was undertaken to assess the clinical condition, complications, and prosthodontic aftercare of two different implant systems over a long period. Thirty-six patients treated with a total of 135 ITI type F endosseous implants, and 37 patients treated with the transmandibular implants and a total of 146 transmandibular posts, were studied during a mean follow-up period of 70 months and 44 months, respectively. The choice of implant type was mainly influenced by a change in financial support by the National Health Insurance Company in The Netherlands in 1987. Cumulative success rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. In the analysis, the risk for failure of the implants was adjusted for differences in mandibular bone height. There were no differences between the two treatment groups with regard to age, gender, period of edentulousness, and mandibular bone height. During the follow-up period, plaque, bleeding, and hyperplasia scores demonstrated no significant differences between the two groups. The ITI type F group showed significantly more recession, and the transmandibular implant group demonstrated significantly increased Periotest values. After adjusting for differences in bone height, patients treated with ITI type F implants had a lower risk of failure (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.95). However, neither of the implant systems fulfilled Albrektsson's criteria of success.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Extraction of protein from skim natural rubber latex using PEG as a surfactant via low speed centrifugation and continuous flow

ABSTRACT Protein extractions from skim natural rubber latex using 3 %w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) via both low speed centrifugation and continuous flow were investigated. In centrifugal extraction, when the speed was 1000 rpm, the extractable protein (EP) content in serum increased with processing time from 5 to 30 min and when the time was fixed at 5 min, EP content increased with centrifugal speed. In addition, further washing deproteinized chips with 2 %w/v SDS solution could remove proteins with efficiencies corresponding to the efficiencies of protein removals in latex phase, implying the role of PEG in protein reduction in both steps. In continuous flow extraction, EP content increased with increasing Reynolds number or increasing mean residence time of the flow to a maximum and then dropped. The efficiencies of the centrifugal extraction and continuous flow extraction were 55.2 and 33.7%, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39900.

Topic: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genomic Characterization of <i>LIGHT</i> Reveals Linkage to an Immune Response Locus on Chromosome 19p13.3 and Distinct Isoforms Generated by Alternate Splicing or Proteolysis

Abstract LIGHT is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily that signals through the lymphotoxin (LT)β receptor and the herpesvirus entry mediator. LIGHT may function as a costimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus, which may provide significant selective pressure shaping the evolution of LIGHT. Here, we define the molecular genetics of the human LIGHT locus, revealing its close linkage to the TNF superfamily members CD27 ligand and 4-1BB ligand, and the third complement protein (C3), which positions LIGHT within the MHC paralog on chromosome 19p13.3. An alternately spliced isoform of LIGHT mRNA that encodes a transmembrane-deleted form is detected in activated T cells and gives rise to a nonglycosylated protein that resides in the cytosol. Furthermore, membrane LIGHT is shed from the cell surface of human 293 T cells. These studies reveal new mechanisms involved in regulating the physical forms and cellular compartmentalization of LIGHT that may contribute to the regulation and biological function of this cytokine.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences