jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of provider specialties in the treatment of patients with clinically diagnosed back and joint problems

Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives Although several studies have compared patient outcomes by provider specialty in the treatment of back and joint pain, little is known about the cost‐effectiveness of improving patient outcomes across specialties. This study uses a large‐scale, nationally representative database to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of being treated by specific provider specialists for back and joint pain in the United States. Method The 2002–2012 M edical E xpenditure P anel S urveys were used to examine patients diagnosed with back and/or joint problems seeking treatment from doctors (internal medicine, family/general, osteopathic medicine, orthopaedics, rheumatology, neurology) or other providers (chiropractor, physical therapist, acupuncturist, massage therapist). A total of 16 546 respondents aged 18 to 85 and clinically diagnosed with back/joint pain were examined. Self‐reported measures of physical and mental health and general quality of life (measured by the EuroQol‐5D ) were compared with average total costs of treatment across medical providers. Results Total annual treatment costs per person ranged from $397 for family/general doctors to $1205 for rheumatologists. Cost‐effectiveness analysis suggests that osteopathic, family/general, internal medicine doctors and chiropractors and massage therapists were more cost‐effective than other specialties in improving physical function to back pain patients. For mental health measures, family/general and orthopaedic doctors and physical therapists were more cost‐effective compared with other specialties. Similar to results on physical function, family/general, osteopathic and internal medicine doctors dominated other specialties. However, only massage therapy was cost‐effective among non‐doctor providers in improving quality of life measures. Conclusions Patients seeking care for back and joint‐related health problems face a wide range of treatments, costs and outcomes depending on which specialist provider they see. This study provides important insight on the relationship between health care costs and patients' perceived physical and mental health status from receiving treatment for diagnosed back/joint problems.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vedic Is- ‘ To Prosper’

There is found in the Rgveda and in later mantra literature, but becoming obsolete later, a root noun is - of frequent occurrence. This is normally interpreted by Sayana as meaning ‘ food ’ ( annam ), and in conformity with this the modern interpreters usually render the term by ‘ nourishment’ or the like. Though this interpretation seems adequately to suit some passages, a survey of the whole material shows that this is too narrow a sphere of meaning to apply to the word in all its contexts. The central meaning is ‘ thriving, flourishing, prospering, prosperity’. This may apply to that thriving which results from adequate nourishment, to that nourishment itself, or to the force inherent in it. But it may also refer, and more frequently does, to men's thriving in economic, material, or social position, to the possession of riches necessary to maintain this status, and to the riches themselves. It also applies to the fructifying influence of rain or river-water necessary for the maintenance of life.

Topic: Ancient Near East History
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Next-generation sequencing shows West Nile virus quasispecies diversification after a single passage in a carrion crow (Corvus corone) in vivo infection model

West Nile virus (WNV) occurs as a population of genetic variants (quasispecies) infecting a single animal. Previous low-resolution viral genetic diversity estimates in sampled wild birds and mosquitoes, and in multiple-passage adaptation studies in vivo or in cell culture, suggest that WNV genetic diversification is mostly limited to the mosquito vector. This study investigated genetic diversification of WNV in avian hosts during a single passage using next-generation sequencing. Wild-captured carrion crows were subcutaneously infected using a clonal Middle-East WNV. Blood samples were collected 2 and 4 days post-infection. A reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR approach was used to amplify the WNV genome directly from serum samples prior to next-generation sequencing resulting in an average depth of at least 700 × in each sample. Appropriate controls were sequenced to discriminate biologically relevant low-frequency variants from experimentally introduced errors. The WNV populations in the wild crows showed significant diversification away from the inoculum virus quasispecies structure. By contrast, WNV populations in intracerebrally infected day-old chickens did not diversify from that of the inoculum. Where previous studies concluded that WNV genetic diversification is only experimentally demonstrated in its permissive insect vector species, we have experimentally shown significant diversification of WNV populations in a wild bird reservoir species.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
F/A-18 Foreign Military Sales In-Service Support: Supporting FMS Aviation Systems Through Partnerships

The U.S. Navy is committed to providing full life cycle logistics and engineering support to all weapon systems procured through foreign military sales (FMS). To ensure that post-production logistics and engineering support will be available for out-of-production F/A-18 FMS customers, the F/A-18 in-service support (ISS) program was established. The ISS program was activated in 1991 to provide out-of-production F/A-18 FMS customers access to U.S. Navy and commercial resources. Over the past nine years, the F/A-18 ISS program has evolved into much more than a contract vehicle for FMS customers to obtain information from the prime contractor. As a result of a developing partnership between all F/A-18 users, the ISS program has emerged into a highly productive, cost effective avenue for FMS customers to open dialogue and solve technical problems; to air and resolve grievances involving the FMS system; and to contribute individual expertise in support of the F/A-18 aircraft. The F/A-18 ISS program is organized and chartered under the authority of the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), under the management and administration of the AIR-3.0 competency. The ISS program was created to operate in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, and works hand-in-hand with the integrated product teams (IPTs) of the Program Executive Office, Tactical Aircraft Programs (PMA265).

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Knee Injury Causing 13 y/o Male RSD

HISTORY 13 y/o M injured his right knee three times in six months prior to presenting to the sportsmedicine clinic. The first time was during wrestling six months ago and was wrestling a few days later. The second when he fell off his bike three months ago and he landed on the knee. The third injury was while wrestling one month ago where another wrestler “fell on his knee.” Following the third injury, he had multiple ED visits recieving narcotic injections for pain, and despite bracing, rest and crutches the patients right knee pain progressively got worse. There was no locking or giving out of the right knee. Although in constant pain, occasionally the right foot would feel cold and turn purple and the entire leg would have severe pain. His pain worsened and was not able to attend school even with crutches and knee immobilizer. The patient was previously healthy with a distant history of seizure disorder and was only taking recently prescribed pain medications. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Pt was 5′ 5″ and weight 175 pounds. BP 106/57, HR 84 RR 20 and afebrile. Heart, lung and abdominal exam were normal. His right hip was non-tender with internal and external rotation. The right knee had full range of motion with pain on flexion. There was diffuse tenderness throughout the knee without specific joint line, patellar or point tenderness. There was no effusion, no lochman, no medial or lateral collateral ligament laxity. There was mod tenderness to patella apprehension. No swelling or edema of the right lower extremity. As the patient and mother were leaving the medical offices they returned to show that the foot had turned acutely blue and the patient was in significantly more pain. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Intra-articular knee injury Hip injury/Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Patella dislocation Patella Femoral Syndrome Radicular pain referred from the back Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: TEST AND RESULTS X-ray bilateral hips, knee, and ankle all normal MRI knee neg MRI Lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine all Neg Bone scan neg. Labs: Ferritin low 14 normal range 22–322. All other labs including CBC, panel 7, CK, Calcium, phosphorus, troponin, magnesium and stool studies were normal. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy or Regional Complex Pain Syndrome. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES Over the next several weeks the patient made multiple visits to the emergency room and urgent care for narcotic injections and was admitted to the hopsital for pain control. After several days, he was then transferred to Stanford Medical Center for pain control and evaluation from pediatric pain specialist.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sound generation and upstream influence due to instability waves interacting with non-uniform mean flows

Recent experiments reveal that mean spreading rates of artificially excited shear layers undergo abrupt changes at certain discrete positions within the flow. This paper is concerned with the interaction between externally excited instability waves and these regions of relatively sudden change in mean flow. While the main emphasis is on the acoustic field produced by these interactions, the upstream influence at the nozzle lip is also considered.

Topic: Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
R@dio in South Africa – an exploratory study

Every time that a new media form emerges, there is much talk about it replacing older forms of media. Video was supposed to kill the radio star, a phrase that has been repeated ad nauseam in uninformed discussions of the medium. The internet was supposed to kill off journalism, television, and film. Indeed, print news media have been badly hurt by the move of audiences to new online platforms. It is essential to clarify the distinction between r@dio and other forms of online audio. For one thing, it is not the same as podcasting, which allows audiences to listen to audio material on demand. The convergence of traditional radio and the internet has enabled the creation of r@dio stations and for new possibilities to be explored. As with other media, respondents regard the content offering as key to gaining and increasing listenership.

Topic: ICT Impact and Policies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
GRATIFIKASI POLITIK DALAM PEMILIHAN KEUCHIK DI GAMPONG BUNTHA KECAMATAN KRUENG SABEE KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA

This research was conducted because some of the people of Gampong Buntha still carried out political gratification in the process of selecting village officials. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors of political gratification in the Keuchik election. The theory used is the theory of social exchange. The research method used qualitative methods based on purposive sampling and data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The results found that the factor of political gratification in society was due to 3 (three) things, namely; want to get a job, get a position back, the people fulfill their daily needs. The efforts made to prevent political gratification in the community in Buntha Village consist of 3 (three) parts, namely; give advance warning and understanding, good supervision and possible re-election.

Topic: Indonesian Election Politics and Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tribulations, Triumphs, and Tentative Trajectories in the Study of Local Political Participation

Scholars of political science often lament the difficulties associated with finding the most appropriate data to test theories about how the political world works. The study of local political participation and, more broadly, elections is certainly no stranger to this quandary. However, considering that the nearly 90,000 units of local government generally hold regular elections for a wide array of political offices, this field of study should offer an embarrassment of riches; we should never be at a loss for a way to examine the questions that are central to the functioning of democracy.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigating Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) plays a pivotal role in fostering a positive and conducive learning environment in educational institutions. This study investigated the level of OCB among college members of the Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department at the University of Zakho from the perspective of their students. Using a quantitative, descriptive approach, structured questionnaires were administered to a diverse sample of 159 students, varying in sex, study shift, and year of study. The findings revealed a significant acknowledgment of OCB among department members, as perceived by their students, indicating the positive impact of such behaviors on the overall academic climate. Interestingly, no statistically significant difference was observed in OCB perceptions between male and female students, which suggests an inclusive and equitable learning experience. However, a notable difference emerged between students attending morning and evening study shifts, highlighting the potential influence of factors, such as faculty availability and resource allocation. Furthermore, the study explored variations in OCB perceptions across different years of study, with fourth-year students reporting the highest mean score, potentially attributable to cumulative exposure and interactions with faculty members. However, these differences were not statistically significant, indicating a relatively consistent perception of OCB across academic progressions. This study contributes to a broader understanding of OCB in academic settings and its potential impact on overall learning experience. It provides valuable insights into fostering a culture of citizenship behavior within educational institutions and offers recommendations for professional development initiatives and targeted interventions to enhance OCB across various study programs.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract A081: Dissecting the Tumor–Immune Landscape of PDAC Liver Metastases to Identify Candidate Drivers of Immune Evasion and Metastatic Outgrowth

Abstract Liver metastases represent a leading cause of mortality in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent clinical evidence has revealed distinct immune ecosystems in the liver tumor microenvironment, yet mechanistic insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving those diverse immune landscapes remains unclear. Here we report, computational cellular signaling analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from matched primary and liver metastatic samples isolated at early and late time points from the spontaneous genetically engineered mouse model KPC (Pdx1Cre; KrasLSL-G12D; Tp53LSL-R172H). This analysis uncovered several immunomodulatory axes between cancer cells-T cells and cancer cells- macrophages. Validation of these findings were performed using primary tumor cell lines, isolated from the same or littermate tumors as the scRNA-seq dataset. Bulk RNA-seq analysis of these cell lines showed a retention of cancer-derived ligands in culture. In vivo validation using the hemisplenic liver metastatic transplant model confirmed that cell lines isolated from primary tumors, which metastasized spontaneously to the liver, retained liver metastatic outgrowth potential. Flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine profiling of isolated cell lines, non-involved liver, and liver tumors revealed distinct immune population shifts within the metastatic niche and confirmed cancer cell derived immunomodulatory cytokines. This study highlights the interplay between cancer-intrinsic signaling and the immune landscape in PDAC liver metastases and supports future mechanistic exploration. Citation Format: Ayushi Mandloi, Jace Baines, Meet Patel, Christina R. Larson, Robert S. Welner, Julienne L. Carstens. Dissecting the Tumor–Immune Landscape of PDAC Liver Metastases to Identify Candidate Drivers of Immune Evasion and Metastatic Outgrowth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Research—Emerging Science Driving Transformative Solutions; Boston, MA; 2025 Sep 28-Oct 1; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(18_Suppl_3):Abstract nr A081.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Looking for the Feminine Heroic – Western “Action Chicks” versus Female Heroes in Native American Tradition

Rozprawa doktorska dotyczy konstrukcji bohaterki heroicznej w dwóch światach skontrastowanych jako przeciwieństwa -- w kulturze zachodniej (zwłaszcza amerykańskiej) i w kulturze rdzennych mieszkańców Ameryki Północnej. Praca stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym różnią się postawy heroiczne w obu kulturach i która z nich jest bliższa pragnieniom i marzeniom kobiet, oraz bardziej produktywna z perspektywy dążeń do równości płci.

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Genotype Distribution of Angiotensin I- Converting Enzyme in Iraqi Arab Population

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in humans has an insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphic which produce three allelic variants: II, ID &amp; DD that associated with population relativity and relation with many genetic disease. The polymorphisms of ACE gene were investigated using polymerase chain reaction. The results showed a high frequency of the DD allele among the Iraqi Arab populations (50%), which is similar to those obtained from previous studies for Arab populations. More ever the distribution of ACE genotype among male and female (n= 100, 53male &amp; 47 female) showed DD: 47.17%, II: 22.6% &amp; ID: 30.19% in the male group and DD: 40.43%, II: 17.02% &amp; ID42.55:% in the female group. Significant association of hypertension &amp; diabetic with D allele of the ACE gene has been in Iraqi Arab population

Topic: Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt

One of the most prominent viral diseases affecting the poultry industry is hydropericardium syndrome caused by fowl adenoviruses. Hydropericardium syndrome has recently led to significant economic losses in the Egyptian poultry sector. Many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome have been documented across the country in the last few years. This research examined the epidemiology and molecular characterization of fowl adenoviruses in broiler chickens in Egypt. Samples were taken from 26 outbreaks of commercial broiler chicken farms in the Beheira and Menofia governorates, Egypt, from January 2021 to March 2022. Adenoviruses genomes were detected in cloacal swabs of 10 flocks using polymerase chain reaction. Clinically, infected broiler chickens (Cobb, Ross, Indian River, Modified-Avian, and Arbor Acres) showed depression, ruffled feathers, retarded growth, and ascites, with mortality rates of 10-28%. The most common postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, yellowish enlarged liver with ecchymotic hemorrhages, pancreatitis, and enteritis. Histopathologically, intranuclear inclusion bodies, commonly basophilic type, were scattered in the hepatocyte, proventriculus, duodenum, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. In addition, depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus was observed. Seven samples were selected for gene sequencing of the loop 1 region of the hexon gene. The sequence analysis revealed that all samples were identical and similar to fowl adenoviruses species D serotype 2/11, suggesting that this serotype was the predominant fowl adenoviruses circulating in the study location in the last two years. Further studies are required to address the pathogenicity of isolated fowl adenoviruses and evaluate the vaccine used to control fowl adenoviruses in Egypt. Keywords: Fowl adenoviruses, Hexon, Hydropericardium syndrome, Phylogenetic analysis, Polymerase chain reaction

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Automatic Design Structure Matrices: A Comparison of Two Formula Student Projects

Design Structure Matrices have become a fundamental tool to support engineers in their handling and management of interactions across product & organisational architectures. Recent work in the field has exploited the opportunity afforded by Product Lifecycle Management systems, which capture the digital footprint of engineering projects to generate Design Structure Matrices in real-time through the co-occurrence of edits to product models. Given the systematic and more objective nature of the generation of these DSMs as well as being able to monitor their evolution throughout engineering projects, there now lies an opportunity in comparing projects/products using DSMs. To investigate this and the potential insights that could be generated, this paper presents the automatic generation of DSMs for two Formula Student projects. These have then been compared with respect to the end-of-project, change propagation characteristics and evolution of the DSMs. From this analysis, six insights have been generated that map the characteristics of the DSMs to the performance of the project/product and highlights the potential of automatic DSMs to further support engineering project management.

Topic: Design Education and Practice
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs on Antiepileptic Drug Action—A Critical Review of Experimental Findings

Severe cardiac arrhythmias developing in the course of seizures increase the risk of SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy). Hence, epilepsy patients with pre-existing arrhythmias should receive appropriate pharmacotherapy. Concomitant treatment with antiarrhythmic and antiseizure medications creates, however, the possibility of drug–drug interactions. This is due, among other reasons, to a similar mechanism of action. Both groups of drugs inhibit the conduction of electrical impulses in excitable tissues. The aim of this review was the analysis of such interactions in animal seizure models, including the maximal electroshock (MES) test in mice, a widely accepted screening test for antiepileptic drugs.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences