jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gastro-intestinal stromal tumour--role of CD117 in diagnosis and management.

Gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are a biologically distinct heterogenous group of tumours of the gut. They are said to arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in gut wall. The turnour results from mutation of c-kit gene which codes for CD117 containing tyrosine kinase receptor of Cajal cells. Identification of this mutation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the key to the diagnosis of these tumours. CD117 negative GISTs develop from gene mutation through alternate pathway (PDGFRA). The accurate diagnosis is important as specific chemotherapeutic agents are now available for their management. We have studied 8 cases of GISTs during last 2 years in our institute. Half of the cases were female, six cases were in the age group between 35 to 50 years, the other two being of 19 and 70 years. On histology, 5 cases were categorized as high grade on the basis of their size and mitotic count. All cases were subjected to IHC. Only 4 cases were CDll7 positive, one case was positive for S100 and one case for SMA. Remaining 2 cases, negative for CD117, S100 and SMA, histologically resembled GISTs. CD117 positive cases are ideal candidates for treatment with molecularly targeted specific chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., imatinib as these tumours are non-responsive to conventional chemotherapy. Histologically diagnosed stromal tumours of the gut should be subjected to immunostain for CD117 so that specific medical management can be provided to prevent recurrence and metastasis as well as pre-operative debulking of the tumour.

Topic: Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Formation of national pride based on hadiths in primary school children of houses of kindness

This article discusses the problems of forming national pride in the primary school students of the orphanage based on hadith sources. The theoretical and practical significance of the problem is analyzed, as well as opportunities for primary school pupils to use interactive teaching methods to formation national pride through hadiths, and the experimental results are summarized.

Topic: Central Asia Education and Culture
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The role of employer pension plans

Just as national pension programs have been expanded and liberalized during the postwar period, so also have employer pension plans been extended to more and more workers. Whereas before the war, employer plans were usually found only in a relatively small number of large companies, in some industrial countries today, one-half or more of workers in the private sector are covered by employer pension plans. Moreover, tax exemption of contributions to employer pension plans is a common practice and has played an important role in stimulating adoption of these plans.

Topic: Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 233264: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Designing of a system model for web 3D disabled access GIS on web 2.0

This paper aims to propose our study of system model design for a Web 3D disabled access GIS. The disabled access GIS provides the disabled with information on barriers and barrier-free modifications in consideration of their abilities and psychologies. We model the system for web-based accesses. It enhances its reusability and mash-up capability. Our model clearly divides database access, server-side service and client-side user interface. We implemented desktop client and mobile phone client to examine the model.

Topic: 3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Images of the four blood cell types analyzed by UPSIDE.

&lt;p&gt;(A) Representative images from the four blood cell types Raw264.7, Kasumi-1, Scid-ADH2 and AML LSCs. (B) Representative images from eight different morphological clusters identified by Louvain clustering of the UPSIDE-generated latent vectors from each cell type. Scale bar represents 5 &lt;b&gt;μ&lt;/b&gt;m.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(TIF)&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LITERATURE SURVEY OF THE MEIJI SANRIKU TSUNAMI EARTHQUAKE OF JUNE 15, 1896(Disaster)

The Meiji Sanriku Tsunami Earthquake of 1896 caused severe damage to the costal area of Northeastern Japan. Especially in Miyagi, Iwate and Amomori Prefectures more than 20 thousands were killed by this tsunami and detailed reports on this disasters were documented. However, the damage in Hokkaido is not recorded in details. In this paper a literature survey was carried out though unknown documents and newspaper articles. Detailed damage by settlements listed. Totally 6 persons were killed at 3 settlements and 25 houses were washed out by this tsunami.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Study Regarding the Correlation between Body Mass and spur Length in Hunting Pheasant (males), in November

This work presents a study on the correlation between body mass and spur length in November 2009.November is the month when the pheasant hunting begins. The structure per ages of pheasant cocks is not well known, but we may consider that over 80% are pheasants eclosed during the current year, from the first, second or the third mating, so that the body mass and spur length were different according to age.

Topic: Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Elite Conspiracy and Regional Discontent in South-Eastern Nigeria

This paper interrogates the nexus between elite conspiracy and regional discontent in South-Eastern Nigeria through the lens of elite theory and the political economy of exclusion. It contends that the persistent marginalization of the South-East within Nigeria’s federal structure is not solely the outcome of institutional design flaws or historical contingencies, but is significantly driven by strategic collusion among segments of the national elite—both within and outside the region—to maintain asymmetric power relations. The study conceptualizes elite conspiracy as a form of implicit or explicit coordination among political and economic elites aimed at preserving access to state resources, often at the expense of equitable regional representation. It further examines how intra-regional elite fragmentation in the South-East undermines collective political agency, enabling the consolidation of hegemonic narratives that delegitimize local grievances. These dynamics have intensified perceptions of exclusion and catalyzed the resurgence of separatist movements such as the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), thereby threatening national integration. Employing a qualitative methodology grounded in elite interviews, secondary data analysis, and historical interpretation, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on federalism, elite politics, and conflict in postcolonial African states. It concludes by advocating for a recalibration of Nigeria’s federal architecture and the institutionalization of inclusive governance mechanisms as prerequisites for mitigating regional alienation and restoring democratic legitimacy.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolated acute myocardial infarction of papillary muscles of the heart. Clinicopathological study of 9 cases.

Nine cases are reported of isolated acute myocardial infarction of the papillary muscles, revealed by gross histochemical reaction (nitro-BT method) and verified histologically.In 7 cases the infarction was localized to the posterior, in 2 cases to the anterior papillary muscles.The clinicopathologicalfindings are described and the pathogenesis of this type of acute myocardial infarc- tion is discussed.In our series, papillary muscle dysfunction caused by isolated acute myocardial infarction of papillary muscles led to acute backwardfailure in 8 out of 9 cases.In 5 of 7 cases with acute myocardial infarction of posterior papillary muscles, electrocardiograms were available, and in 3 of these a third-degree atrioventricular block developed.One case with acute myocardial infarction of anterior papillary muscles developed second-degree atrioventricular block.In cases with acute backward failure andlor atrioventricular block, isolated acute myocardial infarction of papillary muscles should be considered and, if necropsy is performed, the nitro-BT method is recommended.It has been shown in experimental studies (Salis- bury, Cross, and Rieben, I963; Bailas, I965; Mittal et al., I97I) and in clinical and clinicopathological investigations (Arosemena, Moller, and Edwards, I967; Heikkila, I967; Shelburne, Rubinstein, and Gorlin, I969; Forrester et al., I97I) that the papil- lary muscles of the left ventricle of the heart are of great importance in maintaining normal haemo- dynamic conditions.Papillary muscle dysfunction with mitral incom- petence and acute heart failure is caused most often by acute myocardial infarction.Acute myocardial infarction of papillary muscles is frequently part of a transmural infarct (DePasquale and Burch, I966; Heikkila, I967; Brand, Brown, and Berge, I969) while isolated acute myo- cardial infarction of one or both papillary muscles of the left ventricle has rarely been described (Lotti, Zucker, and Bernstein, I966).The nitro-BT method was introduced by Nachlas and Shnitka (I963).In an experimental study in dogs, they showed that ligation of a coronary artery produced a pronounced fall in the content of de- hydrogenases in the myocardium supplied by the

Topic: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Health information networks: enabling care management in IDSs.

To be successful, IDSs require streamlined, information integration across the continuum of care. Having this capability enables IDSs to manage care and costs efficiently, provide physicians with enterprisewide access to eligibility information, and respond to the communication and quality demands of patients. For most IDSs, the quickest and most cost-effective way to achieve overall information-system integration is to implement a health information network (HIN) based on Internet technologies. A HIN enables IDS providers and staff to access requisite administrative and clinical information from throughout the enterprise using a Web browser.

Topic: Electronic Health Records Systems
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Hyperammonaemic Encephalopathy Caused by Adult-Onset Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in adults is a rare condition in the absence of liver disease and is associated with a high mortality and risk of permanent neurological deficits. Seldomly, the condition is caused by an inborn error of metabolism in the urea cycle, triggered by an exogenic factor such as gastrointestinal haemorrhage, gastric bypass surgery, starvation, seizures, vigorous exercise, burn injuries, or drugs hampering the elimination of ammonia. Here, we present a fatal case of an unrecognized genetic ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) presenting with a subacute progressive encephalopathy. We review the current literature and discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment options. As swift diagnosis and initiation of treatment is vital, awareness of hyperammonaemic encephalopathy and its possible causes can help improve the prognosis of this condition.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Goal Setting in Paediatric Rehabilitation

In Chapter 3, Siegert and colleagues described how patients in a rehabilitation environment evaluate their current situation and determine the discrepancy between their current and previous state. Patients seek information to determine what is possible and what activities and attributes would help them regain the state of their idealized self. Parents of children with disabilities face unique challenges as they often lack a reference point for their child's potential; it can be difficult for them to know what is possible for their children. While the adult with a sustained injury works to regain their previous level of functioning, parents of children with developmental disabilities create their vision of the future based on what they imagine is possible for their child.

Topic: Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Promoting women's participation in Kenya's governance.

This paper focuses on a research project that aims to help rural Kenyan women increase their participation in the democratic process. Nairobi-based Family Support Institute Executive Director Shanyisa Khasiani is implementing the research project with funding from the International Development Research Centre to help rural Kenyan women. The project, which involves the Makueni and Kakamega districts, will eventually see up to 30,000 women learn how to access information via computers, with the key goal of promoting civic education. Rural women's groups provided the project's entry points into the subject communities and presented the civic education needs of these communities to the project team. Aside from the main issue of political representation, other concerns emerged such as domestic violence, transportation needs, and employment of women to promote development. In view of these issues, the slogan "Be educated in politics!" was formed. The next phase of the project is to "train the trainers"--the women's group leaders--in computer skills. Each community will be provided with a resource center that is equipped with two computers and civic education reference materials. Teaching these women computer skills will enable them to communicate with one another, exchange ideas and learn what other nongovernmental organizations are doing about women's empowerment. The project will also enable rural Kenyan women use technology to help improve their economic status.

Topic: ICT Impact and Policies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Learning by Highly Autonomous Sensors

Abstract A formal theory for the development of a generic model of an autonomous sensor is described. This model can be viewed as addressing a somewhat specific area of autonomous agent models. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this work is that it concentrates on the sensor itself whereas autonomous agents assume that the sensory input is complete and accurate to the degree that it needs to be. Building intelligent systems in engineering implies embedding the capabilities of the system operator in the model. These capabilities are not simply rules and facts, but also reasoning and decision making methodologies. So we present the notion of considering a sensor as an autonomous agent itself and call it highly autonomous, since no system can be completely autonomous. A highly autonomous sensor (HAS) not only interprets the acquired data in accordance with an embedded expert system knowledge base, but is also capable of learning and thereby improving its performance over time. This paper will concentrate on the learning aspects of the HAS model. The model is generic and can be used to instantiate any sensor as a HAS.

Topic: AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A1059. TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOLLOWING ACETABULAR FRACTURE

The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic outcome in THRs done following acetabular fractures (fx). All patients undergoing conversion THR after previous acetabular fx between 1990 and 2006 at a single institution were identified.

Clinical evaluation was done using the Harris hip scale. Radiographic evaluation was done using the system proposed by the Hip society. THRs as part of initial treatment for acute acetabular fx were excluded.

There were 90 THRs (90 patients) performed in patients previously treated for an acetabular fracture. At the time of their acetabular facture, 67 had been treated with ORIF, 12 were treated with closed or limited open reduction and percutaneous fixation, and 11 were treated without surgery. The mean age at injury was 43.7 years, (range, 14–79). 68 patients sustained their fx from a high-energy mechanism (MVC, MPC, or MCC).

Three patterns accounted for 52% of the fx: transverse posterior wall (20), both column (18), and T-Type (9). Associated pelvic fractures were present in 14 patients. Associated ipsilateral proximal femur fractures were present: femoral head (four), femoral neck (five), and femoral shaft (three). Among those treated with ORIF, marginal impaction was noted in 31 and osteo-chondral head damage in 32 hips.

The mean interval between injury and THR was 42 months (range, two months to 32 years). Cement-less fixation was used in 81 of the 90 cups. Similarly, cementless stems were used in 80 stems. Bone graft was necessary in 26 patients (17 autograft, nine allograft). Two cases each required pelvic augments and reinforcement cage, respectively.

Additional findings at THR included: femoral head erosion (53 hips), femoral head osteonecrosis (37 hips), osteonecrosis of the acetabulum (22 hips), and fx non-union (six hips). The average cup abduction angle was 440 (range, 28 to 60), the average cup height was 24 mm (range, 10 to 42), and the average medialization distance was 23 mm (range, 5 to 48). The mean EBL was 810 ml and mean operative time was 195 minutes. The mean F/U was 36 months (range, 6 months to 17 years). The median Harris hip score was 89 at the most recent F/U. Fifteen revisions (16%) have been done: aseptic loosening (seven hips), recurrent dislocation (six hips) and infection (two hips).

Five of the six revisions for recurrent dislocation were performed in patients who had a posterior approach for both their acetabular fracture treatment and their THR. No revision was done in those who had been initially with percutaneous fixation. There was no infection in those who had been initially with percutaneous fixation either from the fx treatment or the THR. In contrast, 14 ORIF patients were complicated by infection. One of these developed infection following THR.

Our data support the clinical efficacy and mid-term durability of THR in this patient group. Aseptic loosening and recurrent dislocation remain the primary reasons for revision surgery.

Topic: Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Simulation studies of a phoswich PET detector design with a two-fold improvement in spatial sampling

Phoswich detector designs, which combine multiple scintillator materials each having unique light emission properties, have been extensively studied for improving spatial sampling in PET. In this work we propose a detector for PET imaging based on a 2D scintillator array in which each scintillator element in the array is a phoswich pair consisting of two scintillator materials (with different emission decay times) optically coupled together so that scintillation light can freely pass between the two halves of the phoswich pair. A conventional reflector is placed between the scintillator elements. When an N×N crystal array of this design is imaged with a conventional detector (i.e. no decay time discrimination) it will appear to be simply an N×N array, however when the decay time discrimination is enabled, the left/right half of each element can be identified and the sampling becomes 2N×N. In this way, a detector can have spatial sampling of X/2×Y while only needing to resolve crystal elements of size X×Y. This design can readily be extended to multi-layer detectors, in particular dual-layer offset (DLO) designs. The potential improvement in spatial resolution achieved by a DLO detector using this phoswich design was studied using an analytical simulation and fully 3D LOR based reconstruction with system response modeling for a 16 detector small animal PET system with inner ring diameter of 60 mm and a 1.6 mm crystal pitch (0.8×1.6 mm phoswich sub-element size). Four versions of the DLO design were simulated, corresponding to the 4 possible combinations of the top and bottom crystal layer alignments (i.e. parallel and perpendicular to the axial direction). In each case a 20% event misidentification in the phoswich pair was simulated. The best spatial resolution was obtained for the case of both top and bottom layer phoswich elements having their long side aligned with the axial direction, giving the best transaxial sampling. For this case, 0.7 mm hot rods were well resolved.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reflections on Catharsis in an Anticathartic Age

This essay is a critical analysis of Nietzsche's anti-Aristotelian reading of tragedy. My purpose is to show Aristotle's relevance for our age, which is strongly inflected by Nietzsche. I focus on the contemporary sidelining of catharsis in order to understand certain directions in modern art and continental aesthetics. I argue that Nietzsche's anticathartic reading can be explained in terms of his critique of natural causation. Though this critique is often considered part of Nietzsche's naturalism, it contributes to the post-Kantian eclipse of nature and offers a partial understanding of Greek tragedy, since tragedy relied on cause and responsibility. Nietzsche's anti-Aristotelianism can also be regarded in terms of his philosophical project of inventing cultural antidotes for what he viewed as a falsely optimistic age: joy in suffering rather than release emphasizes tragedy's darker aspect. While his motives were noteworthy, his one-sided view of tragedy as joy in suffering anticipates the current culture of victimhood he otherwise deprecated. Symptomatically, the anticathartic Nietzsche leads the tragic away from tragedy.

Topic: Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, and Hegel
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences