jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design of 3D-printed cranioplasty moulds using Neural Network

Cranioplasty is surgical repair of a skull bone defect due to a previous surgery or injury. Cranioplasty is most often performed with autologous bone flap, i.e the patient's own saved bone from previous surgery if this is available. If autologous bone is not available then custom procedure is to manually mould an implant using bone cement from the plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Manually moulding implants during surgery has, albeit being a clinical routine, disadvantages and therefore Skåne University Hospital have developed a technique to 3D print patient-specific cranioplasty moulds based on a computed tomography (CT) scan of the skull bone. The shape of the mould is created by a combination of manual design process, mirroring and interpolation. This partly limits the technique to unilateral defects and the method can be tricky and time consuming for complicated cases. The purpose of the thesis was to develop a method based on a neural network to reconstruct missing parts of the skull bone and overcome the limitations with the current mirroring method when designing implants or moulds for cranioplasty. The process included developing a method to extract data from CT images for training of the neural networks. During the process numerous neural network structures and models were developed and evaluated with the best performing network being a convolutional autoencoder with skip connections. The network was trained with data from a total of 240 patients with simulated defects. The results of the network shows that it is able to handle both unilateral and bilateral defects with a mean error of 1.07mm. In comparison to the currently used method it performed as well or even better in some cases. Overall the developed method showed good enough results for it to be implemented as clinical routine.

Topic: AI in cancer detection
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ELECTRON BEAM SENSITIVITY AND STRUCTURE OF THE GLASSY PHASE OF CERAMICS

The electron beam sensitivity of glassy ceramics was reviewed. It was shown that the glassy phase resulting from the segregation of additives such as CaO or MgO at the grain boundaries was highly sensitive to the electron beam. We have reported elsewhere that the electron damage kinetics corresponds to an ionization process (Laval, Westmacott, 1979). This ionization process was discussed in terms of chemical bondings and ionic states, and by referring to the soda-glass structure. From these considerations new insights into the structure of the glassy phase were obtained. From the nature of the ionization effects it is possible to postulate which ion will lead to the damage and therefore to know the structure and the composition of the glassy phase on a nanometric scale. Thus the electron beam sensitivity of glassy ceramic enables a very thin intergranular glassy phase to be characterized and is of great value in determining the structure of the grain boundaries and of metal-oxide or glass-ceramic interfaces.

Topic: Nuclear materials and radiation effects
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Radiation-induced acute intestinal inflammation differs following total-body versus abdominopelvic irradiation in the ferret

The data show that there are regional differences in the intestinal response to irradiation, depending on whether it was delivered to the whole body or locally to the abdominopelvic region. In particular, the ileum exhibited an acute increase in myeloperoxidase activity following abdominopelvic but not total-body irradiation.

Topic: Effects of Radiation Exposure
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The research of the real-time pricing model based on the cumulated points system in the demand response

In this paper, we consider the customer's electricity cost and the degree of change in electricity consumption under real-time electricity pricing to establish a single objective optimization model with multiple constraints, which adds to the price demand elasticity and cumulated points system. The effect of customers' "peak-load shifting" implementation, in combination with the factor of service providers' purchasing cost of electricity are considered to set reasonable subsidy mechanism. The actual electricity load and price data is used in numerical simulation.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electric Field Assisted Technology for Improving the Screening and Application of a Thiophene-Biodegrading Strain

For the screening of functional strain and biodegradation, two devices of electric field assisted screening (EFAS) and electric field assisted biodegradation (EFAB) were developed in the current work. Candida tropicalis CZ12 capable of thiophene degradation was enriched and isolated from oily soil by the EFAS device at a voltage range of 10–14 v. In EFAB, the thiophene degradation velocity of this strain was accelerated by an assisted electric field, and it could reach 74% at 2 h in aqueous thiophene solution. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of the continuous EFAB device for treating thiophene-containing model fuel was 79.76% under the following conditions: aqueous–hydrocarbon ratio of 5:1, electric field assisted voltage of 15 V, and residence time of 120 min. It was clear that the above advantages of EFAS and EFAB were conducive to facilitating applications in biorefractory organics.

Topic: Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Essays on Preferences and Nominal Rigidities and on Macroeconomic Forecasting

This dissertation thesis consists of four academic papers. The first paper presents a new partial equilibrium theory of price adjustment based on consumer loss aversion and studies the asymmetry characteristics of price reactions to temporary and permanent demand shocks of different size and sign. The second paper combines nominal wage loss aversion with endogenous reference wage dynamics and investigates the implications of these dynamics for the firms’ wage and employment decisions. The third paper systematically compares the joint forecasting accuracy of the three most prominent large scale approaches, namely factor models, Large Bayesian Vectorautoregressions and model averaging, for a set of 11 German core variables and investigates to what degree the different models’ performance is robust to the exact model specification. The last paper analyzes different methods to signal recessions in the euro area in real-time and assesses the real-time probability forecasts obtained with the different methods in terms of sharpness, calibration and discriminatory skill.

Topic: Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
PREEMPTIVE EXPANDED CRITERIA LIVING DONOR RENAL TRANSPLANTATION- FIRST CHOICE OF TREATMENT OF ESRD ON THE BALKANS?

Ivanovski, N; Masin, J; Dohcev, S; Rambabova-Busljetic, I; Pusevski, V; Popov, Z Author Information

Topic: Organ Donation and Transplantation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quasi-Living Polymerization of <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide onto Poly(ethylene glycol)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTQuasi-Living Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide onto Poly(ethylene glycol)M. D. C. Topp, I. H. Leunen, P. J. Dijkstra, K. Tauer, C. Schellenberg, and J. FeijenView Author Information Department of Chemical Technology and Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 14, 4986–4988Publication Date (Web):June 14, 2000Publication History Received20 October 1999Published online14 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9917500https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9917500rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Micelles,Monomers,Polymerization,Thermal polymerization Get e-Alerts

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<scp>On The Modern Cult Of The Factish Gods</scp> - About Bruno Latour, On the Modern Cult of the Factish Gods (Durham, Duke University Press, 2010).

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
EMS electromagnetic multi-frequency sounding device

Electromagnetic multifrequency sounding device EMS is developed in Laboratory of EM fields of Institute of Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch. The manager of the Laboratory - Dr. Michael Epov; manager of the device development group - Dr. Alexander Manstein.

Topic: Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
F4‐04‐03: INVESTIGATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE CLASS EFFECTS ON DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE DECLINE: A COLLABORATIVE META‐ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANT DATA

Recent focus on vascular risk factors and on re-purposing existing medication has led to a renewed interest in antihypertensive drug classes for the protection of cognition. Multiple meta-analyses have used published data to explore this area with the inevitable limitations regarding lack of standardization for exposure, age, follow-up and endpoints and consequently reported varying results. Our aim was to examine the role of antihypertensive class on cognition using harmonized data from multiple individual datasets allowing standardization and more informative pooling of effect sizes. Systematic review methodology was used to identify eligible studies with longitudinal follow-up, cognitive outcomes and antihypertensive class data. For meta-analyses; follow-up was standardized at greater than 1 or greater than five years, age was categorized as over 65 years or 65 and younger, and presence of each drug class required a minimum 12 months exposure. Antihypertensive classes were defined as Calcium Channel Blockers(CCB), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors(ACE-I), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers(ARB), Beta Blockers(BB) and diuretics. Each class was compared to no treatment and to treatment with other antihypertensives. Secondary analyses compared any antihypertensive treatment (all classes) with no treatment. Twenty seven studies with 44,490 participants were included from Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. In those aged over 65, there were no relationships between antihypertensive class and incident cognitive decline or dementia for CCB, ARB, ACE-I or BB for >1 or >5 year follow-up and compared to no treatment or to other antihypertensive treatment. Diuretic use was associated with a 17% reduction in risk of dementia compared to no treatment (95%CI 28%:4%) in those with >1 year follow-up and a 31% reduction (49%:8%) in risk of cognitive decline compared to other antihypertensive classes for >5 year follow-up. There were too few data in the younger age group to allow conclusions. In secondary analyses antihypertensive treatment overall was associated with a 35% (49%:18%) reduction in risk of dementia with >5 year follow-up in clinical trial populations. There is some evidence to support blood pressure lowering but no clear evidence to support the selection of particular antihypertensive classes for cognitive outcomes.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Roles of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment Associated with Inflammation

State of tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely linked to regulation of tumor growth and progression affecting the final outcome, refractoriness, and relapse of disease. Interactions of tumor, immune, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as crucial for understanding tumorigenesis. Due to their outstanding features, stem cell-like properties, capacity to regulate immune response, and dynamic functional phenotype dependent on microenvironmental stimuli, MSCs have been perceived as important players in TME. Signals provided by tumor-associated chronic inflammation educate MSCs to alter their phenotype and immunomodulatory potential in favor of tumor-biased state of MSCs. Adjustment of phenotype to TME and acquisition of tumor-promoting ability by MSCs help tumor cells in maintenance of permissive TME and suppression of antitumor immune response. Potential utilization of MSCs in treatment of tumor is based on their inherent ability to home tumor tissue that makes them suitable delivery vehicles for immune-stimulating factors and vectors for targeted antitumor therapy. Here, we review data regarding intrusive effects of inflammatory TME on MSCs capacity to affect tumor development through modification of their phenotype and interactions with immune system.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Modified Sample Preparation Protocol for High-Efficiency Lab-on-a-Disk-Based Separation and Single-Image Quantification of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Parasite Eggs in Stool

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) present a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The current diagnostic standard involves the microscopic examination of a stool smear but it lacks sensitivity to detect infections of low intensity. Innovative solutions like lab-on-a-disk (LoD) technologies are emerging, showing promise in detecting low-intensity infections. Field tests conducted using our SIMPAQ (single-image parasite quantification) LoD device have demonstrated its potential as a diagnostic tool, especially for such low-intensity infections. Nevertheless, the device’s efficiency has been limited by significant egg loss during sample preparation, low capture efficiency of eggs within the Field of View (FOV), and the presence of larger fecal debris that obstructs effective egg trapping and imaging. In this study, we conducted a set of laboratory experiments using model polystyrene particles and purified STH eggs to improve the sample preparation protocol. These experiments include the entire SIMPAQ procedure starting from sample preparation, infusing it into the LoD device, centrifugation, delivering the (model) eggs to the FOV, capturing an image, and analyzing it. We analyzed egg losses at each step of the procedure following the “standard” protocol, then elaborated and tested alternative, more efficient procedures. The resulting modified protocol significantly minimized particle and egg loss and reduced the amount of debris in the disk, thus enabling effective egg capture and clear images in the FOV, increasing the reliability of the diagnostic results.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Primordial Follicle Formation and Transformation to Primary Follicles

Objective: Primordial follicle assembly and the transition from primordial follicle to primary follicle are critical processes in ovarian biology. These processes determine the size of the primordial follicle pool, which may limit the reproductive lifespan of a female. When the follicle pool is depleted, reproduction ceases and females enter menopause. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the processes of primordial follicle assembly and the transformation from primordial to primary follicle. Methods: The gene chip GSE9300 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. DEGs between ovaries on postnatal day 0 and ovaries on postnatal day 4, as well as ovaries on postnatal day 4 and ovaries cultured for 7 days from postnatal day 0 were identified. Gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction network construction were performed. Results: In total, 99 upregulated genes and 123 downregulated genes were identified in the process of primordial follicle assembly, and 101 upregulated genes and 98 downregulated genes were identified in the process of transformation from primordial to primary follicle. The GO analysis showed that response to estradiol was associated with two of the processes of assembly and subsequent development of primordial follicle, but the genes involved in response to estradiol between the two processes were significantly different. Furthermore, the two groups of DEGs were all associated with metabolic pathways. Conclusions: DEGs may provide new insights into the exploration of mechanisms related to primordial follicle assembly and subsequent development.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In Defence of White Rule in Southern Africa: Portuguese–Rhodesian Economic Relations to 1974

The paper examines Luso-Rhodesian economic relations at the twilight of colonialism in Africa. Despite the spread of independence across the continent from the mid-1950s onwards, there was a spirited defence of white rule in Southern Africa from South Africa, Rhodesia and Portugal. The Pretoria-Lisbon-Salisbury axis justified their autocracy as the last frontier for the defence against communism in the region which they argued to be rooted in African Nationalism. This led to the Alcora military exercise and financial cooperation agreements. While all of this is well covered in the literature, what remains to be exhaustively explored are the economic relations in the Lisbon - Salisbury part of the axis. This paper historicises Luso-Rhodesian relations and then unpacks the economic alliance between the two countries to 1974, particularly the ways in which this sustained white rule. Where much emphasis has hitherto been placed on the role Pretoria played, this article brings into context the neglected aspect of the two other partners whose cooperation was crucial to the suppression of the African Nationalist Struggle and the defence of white rule in Southern Africa until the 1970s.

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The liturgical and textual tradition of Acts and Paul in the Byzantine Apostolos lectionary

The Apostolos is a corpus of manuscripts containing New Testament and liturgical material. For Byzantines it was the primary form in which the Acts and Epistles were received as Scripture. Lectionary studies were almost abandoned after the mid-twentieth century, and the recent revival of interest in the Greek Lectionary has concentrated exclusively on the Gospel Lectionary. The last study of the Apostolos is five decades old and reflects the methodologies of another era. Building upon the work of recent Lectionary scholarship this thesis takes a new approach to the Apostolos, analysing New Testament and liturgical textual traditions together.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe text of Acts and the Pauline corpus as transmitted in the Lectionary is compared with the continuous text. It is shown that one Apostolos witness is not usually copied to another and that consequently there is no ‘Lectionary text’ of Acts and Paul. Instead, Apostolos copies reflect textual variation in the evolving Byzantine tradition. Digital methods allow the present thesis to explore groupings among Apostolos manuscripts combined with detailed attention to the contents of each codex. This study concentrates on the Apostolos in its scribal, monastic, liturgical, and theological context as well as in light of other manuscript traditions.&#13;\n&#13;\nPlease cite this work as:&#13;\n&#13;\nGibson, S. (2016) The liturgical and textual tradition of Acts and Paul in the Byzantine apostolos lectionary. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Birmingham. Available at https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/6589/ (Accessed: day/month/year)&#13;\n&#13;\nThe author has published this work as a monograph. The published monograph should be cited as the following:&#13;\n&#13;\nGibson. S. (2018) The Apostolos: The Acts and Epistles in Byzantine Liturgical Manuscripts. Georgias Press LLC

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Herders And Farmers Conflict And Its Implication For The 2019 General Elections In Nigeria: What Can Public Relations Do?

The paper analysed the herders and farmers' conflict and its implications on the forthcoming 2019 General Elections in Nigeria with focus on what public relations can do.The paper was anchored on the Dialectical Materialism Theory and supported by the Frustration Aggression Theory and Frank Jefkins Public Relations Transfer Process Model.The paper adopted survey research method to elicit data using interview as research instrument.Findings revealed that interethnic and intergroup conflicts have been on the increase since the evolution of democratic rule in 1999, and that the stakeholders meetings convened by the Federal Government of Nigeria are not all-inclusive but elitist.The paper recommended amongst others that the Federal Government should do more in curtailing the killings, destruction of properties and farmlands associated with the conflict and apply public relations strategies such such as dialogue, truth and full information, that the herders should establish ranches in order to curtain incessant conflict between them and farmers in line with best international livestock practice.

Topic: Media, Religion, Digital Communication
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences