jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Observational and Causal Association of Blood Vitamin D with Gut Microbiota: Evidence from a Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the relationship between blood vitamin D status and gut microbiota. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with gut microbiota and assess their potential causal relationship. METHODS: Our study was based on the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study, a community-based prospective cohort in China. We examined the prospective association of baseline 25(OH)D with gut microbiota diversity, composition and individual taxa (mean 4.3 years of follow-up) (n = 1757) using linear or logistic regression models. Using genetic variants as instrument variables, we used a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and gut microbiota. RESULTS: Higher blood 25(OH)D levels were associated with higher alpha-diversity indicators: including Chao1 index, Shannon index and Observed OUTs index (all P < 0.01, comparing extreme quartiles (Q) of 25(OH)D). Significant difference (P < 0.01) in beta-diversity was also found between Q1 and Q4 of 25(OH)D. Meanwhile, high 25(OH)D (Q4 versus Q1) was prospectively associated with the gut enterotype (Prevotella) and with differences in 37 individual taxa of gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that higher 25(OH)D was causally associated with higher abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae and with presence of Rothia. CONCLUSIONS: Blood vitamin D status is prospectively associated with future gut microbiota diversity and composition. Available evidence suggests a potential causal association of vitamin D with some gut bacteria, and more research is needed to confirm these results. FUNDING SOURCES: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,903,316, 81,773,416).

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Displacement of the Greater Tuberosity in Humeral Head Fractures Does Not Only Depend on Rotator Cuff Status

Objectives: It is assumed, that dorsocranial displacement of the greater tuberosity in humeral head fractures is caused by rotator cuff traction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rotator cuff status and displacement characteristics of the greater tuberosity in 4-part [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quality Properties of HMR-type Pork Tteokgalbi Added with Red Chinese Cabbage Powder During Cold Storage

This study was carried out to investigate quality changes in HMR-type pork Tteokgalbi added with red Chinese cabbage powder stored for 20 days at 5℃. The pork Teokgalbi was separated into five groups: no red Chinese cabbage powder added (control, Con), ascorbic acid added (A), 0.1% red Chinese cabbage powder added (R1), 1% red Chinese cabbage powder added (R2), and 2% red Chinese cabbage powder added (R3). The five types of Teokgalbi were tested in triplicate and assigned to one of five storage periods: 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 days. Increasing the amount of red Chinese cabbage powder in pork Teokgalbi was correlated with an increasing trend in WHC values, but cooking loss of pork Teokgalbi decreased. For textural characteristics, the addition of red Chinese cabbage powder reduced springiness and cohesiveness values, whereas it increased hardness and chewiness values of pork Teokgalbi. The a values of the groups with pork Teokgalbi containing red Chinese cabbage powder were significantly higher than that of the Con group. As storage time increased, addition of red Chinese cabbage powder decreased pH, whereas it increased total microbial counts and the TBA and VBN values of pork Teokgalbi. When red Chinese cabbage powder was added, total microbial counts, pH. TBA, and VBN values were significantly reduced compared to the Con group. In particular, R3 group was significantly more effective in delaying lipid peroxidation than the other treatment groups.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
P-614 MULTI-METHOD ASSESSMENT OF ERGONOMIC RISKS TO VETERINARY TECHNICIANS AT A SMALL-ANIMAL CLINIC

Abstract Introduction Veterinary technicians in small-animal clinics are often exposed to activities associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), but the available research is limited. This multi-method case study identifies prevalent tasks with ergonomic hazards and defines the associated risk levels. Potential interventions are discussed. Methods Nine technicians participated in assessing symptoms and identifying tasks with ergonomic risk factors. A modified NORDIC questionnaire was administered to determine WMSD discomfort. A focus group identified activities with ergonomic risk factors. The jobs with high-risk factors were further evaluated using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Results All participants experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in at least five body regions. They reported being unable to perform work over the last 12 months due to WMSDs on shoulders, ankles, and feet 33% (n=3), neck and lower back 22% (n=2), and wrists, hands, hips, thighs, and knees 11% (n=1). One respondent reported no discomfort over the last seven days, while eight indicated discomfort in three or more body areas. Three tasks were chosen for REBA analysis. Restraining and handling animals had a high-risk REBA score (ranging from 8 to 10). Sedation/recovery had a low to medium-risk REBA score (3 to 5). Dental procedure recovery had a low to very high-risk REBA score (ranging from 2 to 11). Discussion The findings indicate that most veterinary technicians experience musculoskeletal discomfort and are exposed to significant WMSD risk levels when performing everyday tasks. Conclusion This assessment produced several administrative and engineering controls to reduce the risk of WMSDs in the selected tasks.

Topic: Agriculture and Farm Safety
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Histopathological Study of Experimental and Natural Infections by Trypanosoma cruzi in Didelphis marsupialis

Didelphis marsupialis, the most important sylvatic reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi, can also main-tain in their anal scent glands the multiplicative forms only described in the intestinal tract of triatomine bugs. A study of 21 experimentally and 10 naturally infected opossums with T. cruzi wa undertaken in order to establish the histopathological pattern under different conditions. Our results showed that the inflammation was predominantly lymphomacrophagic and more severe in the naturally infected animals but never as intense as those described in Chagas ’ disease or in other animal models. The parasitism in both groups was always mild with very scarce amastigote nests in the tissues. In the experimentally infected animals, the inflammation was directly related to the presence of amastigotes nests. Four 24 days-old animals, still in embryonic stage, showed multiple amastigotes nests and moderate inflammatory reactions, but even so they survived longer and presented less severe lesions than experi-mentally infected adult mice. Parasites were found in smooth, cardiac and/or predominantly striated muscles, as well as in nerve cells. Differing from the experimentally infected opossums parasitism in the naturally infected animals

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SEX AND MARITAL STATUS: SELF-ASSIGNMENT TO SOCIAL CLASS

Within recent years, three somewhat different conceptual models have been used to describe the assessment of general social status for women. The present study uses data from the 1975 General Social Survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center to construct path diagrams showing the effects of a number of independent variables on subjectively assigned social class or gene ral social status. Although none of the conceptual models is conclu sively valid, the 1975 data continue to indicate that the characteris tics of the male head of the household in which she lives are the most influential factors studied in determining a woman's self assignment to social class.

Topic: Economic, Social, and Health Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
MILLS, ROBERT. Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture. London: Reaktion 2005. 248 pp.  19.95/$29.95. ISBN 1-86189-260-8

Journal Article Mills, Robert. Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture. London: Reaktion 2005. 248 pp. £19.95/$29.95. ISBN 1–86189–260–8 Get access Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume 42, Issue 4, October 2006, Page 466, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cql101 Published: 01 October 2006

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Historical assembly of Zygophyllaceae in the Atacama Desert

The Atacama Desert harbors a unique arid-adapted flora with a high degree of endemism, the origin of which is poorly understood. In the Atacama Desert, Zygophyllaceae is represented by five endemic species: one member of Zygophylloideae: Fagonia chilensis; and four members of Larreoideae: Bulnesia chilensis and Porlieria chilensis, the only representatives in the Atacama Desert of genera with disjunct distributions between Argentina, Peru and Chile; and monotypic endemic genera Metharme lanata and Pintoa chilensis. Zygophyllaceae are thus a particularly suitable group for studying the historical assembly of the Atacama Desert flora as each of these species may represent independent biogeographical events. We made use of published as well as original plastid DNA sequences (rbcL, trnL-trnF &amp; trnS-trnG) to reevaluate the phylogenetic relationships of the Atacama Zygophyllaceae. Bayesian divergence time estimates as implemented in BEAST2 and ancestral area reconstruction with the Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis approach using BioGeoBEARS were applied to infer ancestral ranges. We compiled the most complete data set of Larreoideae to date with 25 of 28 species. Bulnesia rivas-martinezii from Bolivia forms a clade with Pintoa chilensis from the Atacama Desert, rendering the genus Bulnesia paraphyletic. Most representatives of Zygophyllaceae colonized the Atacama Desert during the Miocene, and only Fagonia dispersed more recently. The colonization history of the Atacama Desert in South America is reflected by three individual distribution patterns or floristic elements. The presence of Bulnesia, Pintoa, and Metharme is best explained by Andean vicariance, while the southern Atacama Desert representative, Porlieria chilensis, has a continuous distribution into central Chile from where it probably dispersed further north. The only South American Fagonia species (F. chilensis) likely colonized the Chilean-Peruvian Coastal Desert via long distance dispersal from North America.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on Thixojoining Process Using Partial Remelting Method

Cold-work tool steel is considered to be a nonweldable metal due to its high percentage content of carbon and alloy elements. The application of a new process of the semisolid joining of two dissimilar metals is proposed. AISI D2 cold-work tool steel was thixojoined to 304 stainless steel by using a partial remelting method. After thixojoining, microstructural examination including metallographic analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers hardness tests was performed. From the results, metallographic analyses along the joint interface between semisolid AISI D2 and stainless steel showed a smooth transition from one to another and neither oxides nor microcracking was observed. Hardness values obtained from the points in the diffusion zone were much higher than those in the 304 stainless steel but lower than those in the AISI D2 tool steel. The study revealed that a new type of nonequilibrium diffusion interfacial structure was constructed at the interface of the two different types of steel. The current work successfully confirmed that avoidance of a dendritic microstructure in the semisolid joined zone and high bonding quality components can be achieved without the need for force or complex equipment when compared to conventional welding processes.

Topic: Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Do cover crops give short term benefits for soil health

Cover crop use in the UK is increasing with establishment often before spring cereal crops. Therefore trials were implemented to assess two different cover crop mixtures for i) their ability to remediate soil compaction, ii) aid water management and iii) increase earthworm numbers. Two cover crop mixtures; frost sensitive (black oats, oil radish and mustard) and winter hardy (forage rye, oil radish and berseem clover) were compared to control plots. This replicated trial was based at G’s Growers on an organo-mineral soil with a cover crop sown between wheat harvested in August 2016 and maize sown in May 2017. The results suggest that in the short term there are small differences in soil physical characteristics. Notably at a depth of 10–20 cm there is a reduction in soil strength as measured by the penetrologger and shear vane following the frost sensitive cover crop mix. Juvenile earthworm population was significantly greater in the control treatment compared to the frost sensitive cover crop treatment. In May 2017 maize was established across all plots.

Topic: Soil Management and Crop Yield
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Syngas production employing nickel on alumina‐magnesia supported catalyst via dry methane reforming

Abstract Nickel supported on alumina‐magnesia bimetallic oxide support (Ni/Al 2 O 3 ‐MgO) nano‐catalysts were prepared by the co‐precipitation followed by impregnation (two steps) method separately and tested for the dry methane reforming. The optimum bimetallic oxide catalyst support ratio (i. e., alumina: magnesia) is tested and it has been found that alumina:magnesia ratio of 1 : 2 showed the most stable results. The effect of nickel loading has been studied by impregnating the bimetallic oxide support with nickel as 10 wt.%, 12 wt.%, 14 wt.%, and 16 wt.%. It has been found that the catalyst containing 12 wt.% nickel showed the best activity in terms of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) percentage conversions, syngas (H 2 :CO) ratio, lowest coke formation and stability for dry methane reforming at 800 °C, 1 atm and methane: carbon dioxide ratio of unity. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area and pore size analysis of fresh catalyst has been carried out. The x‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray and elemental mapping analysis for fresh and spent catalysts has been obtained confirming the coke formation during the reaction.

Topic: Catalysts for Methane Reforming
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Job’s Tears (Coix Lacryma-Jobi) Adaptability in Sa Kaeo Province, East of Thailand, and Their Chemical Properties in an Edible Group for Alternative Ruminant Animal Forage and Supplementary Feed

In the past decade, the cultivation of Job’s tears in Thailand has decreased. By contrast, consumption of Job’s tears in Thailand is still high as a functional food. Thus, it needs to be imported in large quantities from other nations. The objectives of this study were to determine the suitability of the different Job’s varieties of Job’s tears in Sa Kaeo province, East of Thailand and then to select a possible variety to evaluate its chemical properties. Then, the data will be used for the conservation and cultivation of Job’s tears in Thailand. Seven varieties of Job’s tears were collected from markets in Thailand from different sources such as Luang Phra Bang province in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Nong Khai, Loei and Chiang Rai provinces in Thailand. Firstly, 7 varieties of Job’s tears were grown and the plant growth characteristics were collected to evaluate their adaptability in Sa Kaeo province, Thailand. Secondly, the plant growth characteristics of 4 varieties of edible Job’s tears were recorded chemical properties such as their chemical composition, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS decolorization scavenging effect and potassium ferricyanide reducing power assay. The statistical data were analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference between varieties. The results showed that there are differences between the varieties in plant morphology and chemical properties. Seven Job’s tears plants were classified into 2 groups, an edible and an ornamental group. The Job’s tears seeds of the ornamental group could not be dehulled into kernels. AL1 to AL4 showed a good adaptability in their growth characteristics. AL4 in kernels had the proper CP at 17.78 % (p &lt; 0.001) for use in a ruminant diet. AL2 had high plant height (157 cm), leaf areas (1,714 cm2) and a tiller number (4 - 6 tillers) which were good characteristics for forage utilization. While AL1 and AL4 had high TPC (46.15 and 24.55 mg GAE/g, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) which showed a positive correlation with EE (p &lt; 0.05). The kernels of AL1 and AL4 can be used as functional food.

Topic: Microbial Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Topoisomerase 1 Inhibition Promotes Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Dependent Antiviral Responses

ABSTRACT Inflammatory responses, while essential for pathogen clearance, can also be deleterious to the host. Chemical inhibition of topoisomerase 1 (Top1) by low-dose camptothecin (CPT) can suppress transcriptional induction of antiviral and inflammatory genes and protect animals from excessive and damaging inflammatory responses. We describe the unexpected finding that minor DNA damage from topoisomerase 1 inhibition with low-dose CPT can trigger a strong antiviral immune response through cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detection of cytoplasmic DNA. This argues against CPT having only anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, expression of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen was paramount to the proinflammatory antiviral activity of CPT, as it potentiated cytoplasmic DNA leakage and subsequent cGAS recruitment in human and mouse cell lines. This work suggests that the capacity of Top1 inhibitors to blunt inflammatory responses can be counteracted by viral oncogenes and that this should be taken into account for their therapeutic development. IMPORTANCE Recent studies suggest that low-dose DNA-damaging compounds traditionally used in cancer therapy can have opposite effects on antiviral responses, either suppressing (with the example of CPT) or potentiating (with the example of doxorubicin) them. Our work demonstrates that the minor DNA damage promoted by low-dose CPT can also trigger strong antiviral responses, dependent on the presence of viral oncogenes. Taken together, these results call for caution in the therapeutic use of low-dose chemotherapy agents to modulate antiviral responses in humans.

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The activPAL™ and Actigraph activity monitors show a low level of agreement in measuring sedentary behaviour in people with Parkinson’s disease: a 7-day validation study

Background&#13;\nPeople with Parkinson’s disease (pwPD) have high levels of sedentary behaviours (SB) which are associated with adverse health-outcomes. Validated instruments are required to objectively quantify SB, establish dose-response relationships and SB intervention strategies.&#13;\nAims&#13;\nTo investigate the concurrent validity of the activPAL™ and ActiGraph activity-monitors in pwPD during 7-days of free-living.&#13;\nMethods&#13;\n9 pwPD completed a 7-day period of free-living while concurrently wearing the activPAL™ and ActiGraph activity-monitors and completed a wear-time diary. activPAL™ SB was determined from total sit/ly time per day. ActiGraph SB was calculated using an activity-count cut-points of vertical-axis&lt;100cpm (AG100) and vector-magnitude&lt;200cpm (AG200). Descriptive statistics, correlations and agreement were compared for average SB/day and an individual-day basis.&#13;\nResults&#13;\nParticipants recorded 13.2 hours/day of wear-time. Average SB/day for the activPAL™ was 519 minutes (SD 72). The AG100 reported 133 minutes (SD 40) greater and AG200 reported 43 minutes (SD 40) greater. Very strong, positive correlations were found between all activPAL™ and ActiGraph comparison (r=0.84-0.93, p&lt;0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed large mean differences (AG100 bias 133 minutes and AG200 bias 43). 95% Limits of agreement were &gt;2.5 hours/day for both AG100 and AG200.&#13;\nConclusion&#13;\nThe concurrent validity between the ActivPAL™ and ActiGraph is low, characterised by noticeable differences in reported SB/day and large levels of variation of greater than 2.5 hours per day. Results suggest that the activity-monitors are not interchangeable and SB values reported are not directly comparable. Different cut-points show a large influence on the ActiGraph reported SB therefore further investigation is needed for pwPD.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Variable Neighborhood Search Structure for Travelling Salesman Problems

In the traveling salesman problem, there are a collection of cities and travel cost between each pair of them. The aim is to find the minimum cost way of visiting all cities and returning to the starting point. This kind of problem is deceptive and one of the most intensely studied problems in computational mathematics. No effective solution method is known for the general case. Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) is a recent metaheuristic for solving combinatorial and global optimization problems whose basic idea is systematic change of neighborhood within a local search. Its development has been rapid, with several dozen papers already published or to appear. Many extensions have been made, mainly to allow solution of large problem instances. In most of them, an effort has been made to keep the simplicity of the basic scheme. In this study, variable neighborhood search structure as a metaheuristic optimization technique and neighborhood approximation is developed. K-opt neighborhood structure is generated. This new structure’s solvability in benchmark and symmetric traveling salesman problem instances is tested, and results are listed.

Topic: Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences