jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal gamma power and LFP tuning in working memory decrease during monkey adolescent development

Working memory ability continues to mature into adulthood in both humans and non-human primates. At the single neuron level, adolescent development is characterized by increased prefrontal firing rate in the delay period, but less is known about how coordinated activity between neurons is altered. Local field potentials (LFP) provide a window into the computation carried out by the local network. To address the effects of adolescent development on LFP activity, three male rhesus monkeys were trained to perform an oculomotor delayed response task. The animals were required to remember a visual stimulus through a 1.5 second delay period and report with a saccade. They were then tested at both the adolescent and adult stage. Simultaneous single-unit spiking (adolescent N = 298, adult 392) and LFP (adolescent N = 130, adult 164) signals were recorded from areas 8a and 46 of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). In both the cue and delay period, power relative to baseline decreased in the beta frequency range (16 - 32 Hz) and increased in the gamma frequency range (32 - 128 Hz). However, the adult dlPFC had fewer sites with significant gamma modulation (63% vs. 88%, Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). The adult dlPFC also showed weaker stimulus tuning in the low gamma range (32 – 64 Hz) as revealed by the percentage of explained variance. On the other hand, adult dlPFC neurons exhibited sharper delay tuning and elevated firing rate to the best location from 12.0 to 16.5 spikes per second (t-test, p < 0.001), predominantly at sites with significant LFP gamma power modulation and tuning. The results suggest a decrease in inhibitory neuronal interactions after adolescence, in agreement with previous reports for the monkey dlPFC, which leads to a decrease in gamma power and tuning to achieve improved working memory in adulthood.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
LIBER Digital Skills Working Group: Case Studies on Open Science Skilling and Training Initiatives in Europe

Open Science skills for both research librarians and researchers are at the center of all evolutions towards “openness”. The Digital Skills for Library staff and Researchers LIBER Working Group conducted a selection process in 2018 in order to identify Open Science training programmes relying on skills identification. In April 2019, questionnaires were sent to contacts in 28 countries, and complementary interviews were conducted for the production of country-specific case studies on Open Science skilling and training initiatives in Europe. The first results of this combined approach have been presented at LIBER's 2019 Annual Conference, in a workshop entitled Open Science Essentials: Towards a Skill Set and Showcases at LIBER 2019. The creation of case studies resulted in a publication of a full analysis in 2020: LIBER Open Science Training Methods and Practices Across European Research Libraries - Survey Analysis. Please, find the analysis here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3903141. The objective of this activity is to offer the research library community inspiring methods, practices, contacts and words of wisdom, covering institutional cases, national initiatives as well as European project approaches. Overall, LIBER's Digital Skills Working Group aims to spread a more open culture and to position libraries as key-partners in skills training for the complex and forward-thinking concept of Open Science. This project displays the richness and diversity of European approaches towards Open Science skilling and training in both libraries and researchers’ communities, from mature programmes to emerging initiatives.

Topic: Open Education and E-Learning
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
EX SITU CONSERVATION OF MAGNOLIACEAE INCLUDING ITS RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

Eleven genera with 125 taxa, inciuding species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of Magnoliaceae have been introduced and planted by method of ex situ conservation in South China Botanicai Garden, Guangzhou. Of the taxa conserved, 113 species originate from China, 12 species are from abroad, among them 29 species belong to the rare and endangered plants which are included in the first and second lists of protected plants of China. Thus, a great gene pool of Magnoliaceae has been set up. The introduction and ex situ conservation of Magnoliaceae species are basical1y successful. The great majority of the species from the tropics and subtropics grow well, and the species from the zone at ±10 degrees along the Tropic of Cancer grow best, but the species which originate from temperate zone or high altitude regions in the subtropics are unhealthy. A list of ex situ conservation of Magnoliaceae plants with the growth situation is given.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
27.3: Efficient Red Organic Electroluminescent Devices Based on a Novel co‐Host Emitter System

Abstract We have developed an efficient red OLED device based on the fluorescent dye DCJTB doped in a novel co‐host matrix system of 9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl) anthracene (ADN) and Alq 3 , which achieved a luminance efficiency of 4.2– 5.5 cd/A at 20 mA/cm 2 with a CIE x, y color coordinate of [0.64, 0.35] – [0.62, 0.37]. At high ADN concentration (&gt;60%), this co‐hosted emitter system has the advantage of alleviating the current‐induced fluorescence quenching problem often encountered in red organic EL devices and greatly improves the EL efficiency over a wide range of drive current conditions.

Topic: Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Common cutaneous diseases of the canine foot

SKIN diseases of the canine foot are often a component of a more generalised skin disease or a concurrent systemic condition. A thorough history and physical examination is therefore mandatory in every case. The feet should be examined very carefully and specific note should be made of which areas are involved. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of some of the more common cutaneous diseases of the canine foot, as well as briefly reviewing those cases likely to require further investigation.

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermo‐mechanical response of concrete sandwich panels reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer bars

The thermo‐mechanical behavior of sandwich panels was experimentally investigated. The panels featured two external concrete layers reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer rebars (GFRP) and an internal expanded polystyrene insulation layer. These are typical for low load bearing and thermally insulated panels in façade claddings. To assess the suitability of the internal GFRP reinforcement, the heating condition was such that rebars in one concrete layer were exposed to temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of the resins. Such extreme condition allowed verifying the retention of the mechanical behavior, in terms of deformability and load‐carrying capacity, with bending tests of unheated and heated panels. As main outcome, the elevated temperature produced significant modification of the insulation layer, considerable reduction of global stiffness and load‐carrying capacity, while GFRP bars were not apparently modified.

Topic: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MiR-26b reverses temozolomide resistance via targeting Wee1 in glioma cells

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNA) play a critical role in chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma. However, the underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-triggered EMT has not been fully understood. In the current study, we determined the role of miR-26b in regulation of EMT in stable temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant (TR) glioma cells, which have displayed mesenchymal features. Our results illustrated that miR-26b was significantly downregulated in TR cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-26b by its mimics reversed the phenotype of EMT in TR cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-26b governed TR-mediate EMT partly due to governing its target Wee1. Notably, overexpression of miR-26b sensitized TR cells to TMZ. These findings suggest that upregulation of miR-26b or targeting Wee1 could serve as novel approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in glioma.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Statistically representative estimators of multi-scale surface topography: example of aluminum blasted rough samples

Abstract The topography of a rough surface determines many of its physical properties, for instance, tribology, contact mechanics, optical properties etc. Nowadays, a deep understanding of such physical phenomena requires the knowledge of the topography at appropriate length scales. Apart from performing multi-scale measurements of the surface topography, it also requires the use of proper statistical estimators for the analysis of such topography maps. Moreover, when dealing with light scattering in the visible spectral range, the scale at which the estimators of local topography properties are defined is extremely important. Here we present a multi-scale and statistical study of the surface topography of blasted aluminum samples which all have rather different visual appearance. Various statistical estimators of surface topography are examined, including estimators related to the height distribution, the lateral correlation and local topology. The combination of these various estimators unveils a scale separation between a micro-scale roughness inherited from the initial cold-rolled aluminum surface and a large scale roughness fully controlled by the blasting process. A special emphasis is given to the crucial importance of length scales in the estimation of local slopes. The present analysis establishes a quantitative link between the statistical properties of the surface topography and the blasting process used to fabricate the samples.

Topic: Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Discovery of Macitentan – A Standard Medicinal Chemistry Program?

A plethora of properties are typically studied during a medicinal chemistry program and many of these parameters may shape the cascade of compound selection. Given the task to discover a molecule with a profile superior to that of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan, we tailored our compound profiling cascade to the specific properties that were not optimal in bosentan, namely in vivo efficacy and safety. Contrary to conventional thinking, we therefore focused on corresponding in vivo experiments. In the following, we highlight and illustrate some key learnings of our approach that led to the discovery of macitentan (1), an orally available potent dual endothelin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pathogenic camouflage as defense mechanism against autophagic recognition

Autophagic recognition of S. flexneri is based on the recognition of the bacterial surface protein VirG by the human protein ATG5. As a countermeasure S. flexneri secretes the protein IcsB which binds competitively and with higher affinity to VirG. Hence, recognition of VirG by ATG5 is blocked, thus masking S. flexneri from the autophagic system. The objective of this work was the characterization of this camouflage mechanism by structural biology and biochemistry methods. The ESPRIT system was deployed to screen for soluble constructs of the VirG α-domain. One of the resulting constructs was VirGE76 (340-758) that covered most of the IcsB/ATG5 binding domain. It was expressed solubly and was used in interaction studies but did not crystallize. VirGE94 (419-758) was another construct that covered the last 15 aa of the IcsB/ATG5 binding domain. It was crystallized and its structure was solved by X-ray crystallography. The VirGE94 structure contained a previously unknown domain that resided N-terminal on the β-helix. It had a fold similar to the autochaperone domains of different autotransporter proteins which indicated that it might act as a second autochaperone domain nucleating the fold of a continuation of the β-helix. IcsB could not be crystallized, but the IpgA binding site was mapped to IcsB residues 26-125, in contrast to the previously published binding site between residues 171-247. Furthermore, indications for an interaction of IcsB and N-WASP were observed. The crystal structure of individual human ATG5 was solved and showed two ubiquitin-like fold domains and an α-helical bundle region. ATG5 T75 phosphorylation had been shown to inhibit autophagy. Here the molecular mechanisms have been investigated by the crystallization of the phosphomimetic mutant T75E. However, no differences in the structural or biochemical properties of the different ATG5 variants were observed. Interaction studies between the three proteins involved in the Shigella camouflage mechanism showed indications for a direct interaction between IcsB and VirGE76, but no interaction between ATG5 and any VirG-construct was observed.

Topic: Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sustainable primary school leadership in Ethiopia: The support or hindrance of policies of collective capacity and school culture

The study adopts a case study design to explore whether collective capacity and school culture policies support or impede the adoption of sustainable school leadership (SSL) in the Ethiopian educational system. Sources of data are policy documents such as education and training policy, education sector development programs, primary school standards, and policies of selection and placement of school principals. We select these sources based on the criteria that they are official documents, have relevant content, and are functional at the time of the study. We analyze data with a combination of thematic and content analysis. The finding of the study indicates that some collective capacity and school culture policies support the materialization of SSL, whilst others undermine, or at least do not support, its implementation. Although policies appear to support SSL adoption, in practice, certain key collective capacity and school culture policies have a substantial undermining influence, and others lack mechanisms for practical implementation. We conclude that collective capacity and school culture policies largely undermine rather than support the materialization of SSL. We recommend to the Ministry of Education, among other things, the improvement of the policy of qualification level of teachers and the field of qualification of principals, and the provision of a manual to support the creation and maintenance of school culture.

Topic: Global Educational Policies and Reforms
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Injuries of the Urethra and Bladder. A Study of Thirty Cases

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1926Injuries of the Urethra and Bladder1. A Study of Thirty Cases Alexander Hamilton Peacock, and Raymond Fisher Hain Alexander Hamilton PeacockAlexander Hamilton Peacock More articles by this author , and Raymond Fisher HainRaymond Fisher Hain More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)73482-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1926 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByUhle C and Erb H (2018) Reconstruction of the Membranous Urethra: Case ReportsJournal of Urology, VOL. 52, NO. 1, (42-60), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1944.Mathé C (2018) Management of Intractable Cystitis Associated with Vesical Fistula and Osteomyelitis of Pelvic Girdle: Report of Three Cases Following Traumatic Rupture of the Bladder and Fractured PelvisJournal of Urology, VOL. 43, NO. 4, (543-560), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1940. Volume 15Issue 6June 1926Page: 563-582 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1926 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alexander Hamilton Peacock More articles by this author Raymond Fisher Hain More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prevalence of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Strains Isolated from Both Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Samples and Their Resistance to Rifampicin: A Study from Kolkata and Surrounding Suburbs

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In India, nearly 1.8 million new cases of TB are reported annually, which accounts for a fifth of new cases in the world—greater than in any other country. Anti-tubercular drugs (ATDs) have been used for decades, and widespread resistance to them is a very serious public health concern in any part of the world. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Rifampicin (the first line Anti-TB drug) resistance among both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samples tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and thereby predict the prevalence of Multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Kolkata and its Suburban regions. All 331 randomly collected clinical samples (both Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary) were initially screened by Zeihl-Neelsen AFB staining followed by culture on BacT/Alert 3D system and on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and the positive samples were subjected to detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and simultaneous analysis of Rifampicin resistance by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Out of the 51 (15.40%) culture positive samples, 13.7% of pulmonary samples and 9.09% of extra-pulmonary samples were Rifampicin resistant. The prevalence of Rifampicin resistant TB in our study is high and the possible reasons can be mixing of new as well as retreatment cases and smaller sample size but, yet it can help Government and public health regulatory bodies to formulate adequate strategies to fight against drug resistant tuberculosis, especially in this part of the world.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Expression and significance of PTEN and HIF-1α proteins in sinonasal inverted papilloma].

PTEN expression decreased graduately with the severity of malignancy of SNIP, but HIF-1α increased. The expression of HIF-1α was induced by hypoxia, which may negatively effect the expression of PTEN, and both HIF-1α and PTEN may play critical roles in the progress of SNIP. PTEN is one of the factors responsible for the postoperative recurrence of SNIP.

Topic: Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fast Analysis of Powders and Defects in Additively Manufactured Components

Technologies such as powder-bed or directed energy deposition require the use of metal powders. The powder chemistry, size distribution, and sphericity play key roles for the beam-induced melting process. While established technologies exist to examine powder size distributions (for example, laser-diffraction-based techniques), in some instances, powders are now used with sub-micrometer sizes that are very difficult to assess with these techniques. Existing technologies to analyze powders cannot distinguish between different elements or chemistries.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Congenital Defects in a Patient Carrying a Novel Homozygous AEBP1 Variant: Further Expansion of the Phenotypic Spectrum of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Classical-like Type 2?

In 2018, a new clinical subtype, caused by biallelic variants in the AEBP1 gene, encoding the ACLP protein, was added to the current nosological classification of the Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes (EDS). This new phenotype, provisionally termed EDS classical-like type 2 (clEDS2), has not yet been fully characterized, as only nine cases have been reported to date. Here we describe a patient, homozygous for a novel AEBP1 pathogenic variant (NM_001129.5 c.2123_2124delTG (p.Val708AlafsTer5)), whose phenotype is reminiscent of classical EDS but also includes previously unreported multiple congenital malformations. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the current principal clinical manifestations of clEDS2 and the molecular evidence surrounding the role of AEBP1 in the context of extracellular matrix homeostasis and connective tissue development. Although a different coexisting etiology for the multiple congenital malformations of our patient cannot be formally excluded, the emerging role of ACLP in TGF-β and WNT pathways may explain their occurrence and the phenotypical variability of clEDS2.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cytotoxic effects of Ad5CMV-p53 expression in two human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease of the head/neck region with a 5-year survival level of approximately 65%. To explore novel therapeutic strategies in the management of this disease, the potential of Ad5CMV-p53-mediated gene transfer to NPC cells was investigated in vitro. Two NPC cell lines, CNE-1 and CNE-2Z, were infected with either Ad5CMV-p53 or Ad5CMV-beta-galactosidase and evaluated for transduction efficiency and cytotoxicity. At a multiplicity of infection of 50 plaque-forming units (pfu)/cell, Ad5CMV-beta-galactosidase infection and beta-galactosidase expression were detected in almost 100% of treated NPC cells. High levels of recombinant p53 protein expression were also observed in the NPC cell lines when treated with Ad5CMV-p53 at 50 pfu/cell. Expression of recombinant p53 was dose and time dependent, with peak levels observed at 24 h. A marked increase in WAF1/CIP1 expression was also observed in NPC cells after Ad5CMV-p53 infection. Expression of bcl-2 and bax were minimally detectable at baseline; infection with Ad5CMV-p53 induced no changes in the protein levels in the NPC cells. Growth of NPC cells treated with Ad5CMV-p53 was observed to be significantly inhibited when determined by either the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or clonogenic assay. Infection with Ad5CMV-p53 at 25 pfu/cell resulted in survival levels of 0.35 and 11% in CNE-1 and CNE-2Z cells, respectively. Chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were also observed, demonstrating that these cells were undergoing apoptosis. However, when GM38 (normal human fibroblasts) were subjected to identical treatments, they demonstrated significantly lower infection efficiency and transgene expression and were resistant to Ad5CMV-p53-mediated cytotoxicity. These data demonstrate the efficacy of Ad5CMV-p53-mediated gene therapy in human NPC, thus warranting additional investigations of this therapeutic strategy.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences