jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards Adaptive Commons: A Case Study of Agro-Pastoral Dams in Northern Ghana

Agro-pastoral dams (APDs) are an increasingly popular method of adaptation interventions improving communal water supply in rural West Africa. However, APDs are often constructed in areas where culturally heterogeneous pastoralists and farmers compete for similar land and water resources. Lifting open access water abundance is likely to change if not intensify ongoing tensions between farmers and settling Fulani herders. The extent of collective action and inclusivity of 6 APDs in Northern Ghana are analysed, combining theory from common-pool resource management and equity and justice in climate change adaptation into a proposed Inclusive Collective Action (ICA) model. Practically, the article demonstrates that neither fully excluding Fulani pastoralists nor making dams openly accessible results in inclusive APD usage and management where collective action is successful, and more dynamic forms of regional inclusion and exclusion are needed. Theoretically, the article identifies some of the limitations of applying the enabling conditions for collective action of common-pool resource theory as it tends to overlook negative aspects of excluding certain user groups in culturally heterogeneous contexts from managing and using a commons.

Topic: Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
γ-Synergin

The AP-1 adaptor complex is associated with the TGN, where it links selected membrane proteins to the clathrin lattice, enabling these proteins to be concentrated in clathrin-coated vesicles. To identify other proteins that participate in the clathrin-coated vesicle cycle at the TGN, we have carried out a yeast two- hybrid library screen using the γ-adaptin subunit of the AP-1 complex as bait. Two novel, ubiquitously expressed proteins were found: p34, which interacts with both γ-adaptin and α-adaptin, and γ-synergin, an alternatively spliced protein with an apparent molecular mass of ∼110–190 kD, which only interacts with γ-adaptin. γ-Synergin is associated with AP-1 both in the cytosol and on TGN membranes, and it is strongly enriched in clathrin-coated vesicles. It binds directly to the ear domain of γ-adaptin and it contains an Eps15 homology (EH) domain, although the EH domain is not part of the γ-adaptin binding site. In cells expressing α-adaptin with the γ-adaptin ear, a construct that goes mainly to the plasma membrane, much of the γ-synergin is also rerouted to the plasma membrane, indicating that it follows AP-1 onto membranes rather than leading it there. The presence of an EH domain suggests that γ-synergin links the AP-1 complex to another protein or proteins.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 796694: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regularizing invertible neural networks for airfoil design through dimension reduction

This work examines how dimension reduction can improve the performance of invertible neural networks (INN) for airfoil design. Design workflows are typically expensive, relying on many evaluations of high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Furthermore, the inverse design problem is typically ill-posed. That is, multiple valid solutions exist that satisfy the design criteria. Regularization can reduce this inverse design space and simplify the problem. We study the use of subspace-based input dimension reduction to act as a regularizer for the INN model and improve the recovery of new airfoil shapes with desired performance characteristics. We find that the dimension reduction identifies two dominant modes, relating to airfoil thickness and camber, that optimally determine the airfoil's aerodynamics. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed INN model to generate 100 airfoils that satisfy the specific aerodynamic and structural characteristics.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phenotypic and behavioral variability within Angelman Syndrome group with UPD

The Angelman syndrome (AS) (developmental delay, mental retardation, speech impairment, ataxia, outbursts of laughter, seizures) can result either from a 15q11-q13 deletion, or from paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), imprinting, or UBE3A mutations. We describe here the phenotypic and behavioral variability detected in eight UPD patients out of a group of 58 AS patients studied. All of them presented developmental delay, mental retardation, ataxia, speech impairment, and frequent drooling. Only one had microcephaly, whereas in two of them the OFC (head circumference) was above the 98th percentile. The weight of all patients was above the 50th percentile, and in three of them the height was above the 90th percentile. Three were able to say a few words and to communicate by gestures. Two patients presented hyperphagia, and three presented skin picking, common features in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Four patients (4/7) had wide-spaced teeth. Five presented seizures, and two others did not manifest frequent laughter. One patient was very different from the others, as he showed a better understanding and abilities to communicate, to play video games and to draw. We suggest here that there seems to be an extreme phenotypic and behavioral variability within the UPD group, and that both typical patients and those with mental retardation, language impairment, happy disposition, and hyperactivity should be tested for AS.

Topic: Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Possibilities of predicting repeated spousal assault risk assessment using B-SAFER

Straipsnyje yra analizuojamos smurto pries sutuoktinį/partnerį rizikos įvertinimo galimybės naudojant B-SAFER (Kropp, Hart, Belfrage, 2005) metodiką. Tiriamųjų imtį sudarė 146 sutuoktinio/partnerio smurtą patyrusios moterys. Struktūruoto interviu būdu buvo įvertinta 10 smurto pries sutuoktinį veiksnių (20 teiginių) bei įvertinta pakartotinio ilgalaikio bei gyvybei pavojingo smurto rizika. Po dviejų mėnesių buvo susiekta su 113 tiriamųjų ir Konflikto taktikos skale (Conflict tactic scale; Straus, Gelles, 1990) buvo įvertintas is sutuoktinio patirtas smurtas. Rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad smurto riziką geriausia prognozuoja praeityje buves smurtinis elgesys bei dabartinį smurtinį elgesį palaikancios nuostatos. Nustatyta, kad praeityje naudota prievarta, smurtiniai grasinimai ar ketinimai bei praeityje sustiprėjes smurtinis elgesys gali paaiskinti 50 proc. per du mėnesius patirto smurtinio elgesio dispersijos. Nustatyta, kad didesnės rizikos grupei priskirtų vyrų smurtavimo lygis dviejų mėnesių laikotarpiu, įvertintas CTS suminiu balu, buvo statistiskai reiksmingai aukstesnis. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad B-SAFER yra tinkamas smurto pries sutuoktine/ partnere rizikos įvertinimui ir gerai diferencijuoja asmenis pagal smurto pries sutuoktine/partnere pasireiskimą ateityje.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Improving Intrusion Detection Model Based on Novel CNN Technique Using Recent CIC-IDS Datasets

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept past far utilized in the past years, resulting in the establishment of Smart Cities. IoT has been A key player in a variety of sectors, including healthcare, Industry 4.0, smart transportation, home automation. Smart Cities are a relatively new concept that efficiently uses adaptive optimization of the resources at hand to offer people outstanding facilities. IoT devices are designed to gather information from the privilege of surroundings and send it to other systems over the Internet. Cybersecurity risks including denial-of-service attacks, brute-force assaults, and unauthorized access might result from this. The safety and privacy of residents are the most pressing concerns that require attention. Deep learning-based IDS system. Data gathering from common datasets like CIC-IDS 2017 and CIC-IDS 2018 comprises multiple assault kinds. By using algorithms, pre-processing removes normalizations and missing values. Time stamps are selected and largely removed from an assault dataset using Random Forest (RF). Subsequently, essential traits are retrieved from those data using Deep Autoencoder (AE), after which among those many features. In this paper an appropriate comparison of the initial two datasets produced good findings for every deep learning system put to the test. Measurements in CIC IDS 2017 Precision, F1-score, and Recall were 99.5%, 98.7%, and 99.8%, respectively. For CIC IDS 2018, Precision, F1-score, and Recall were 99.5% for all algorithms. Our Novel CNN method yields the greatest outcomes.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Consensus of Multiagent Systems under Dynamically Changing Interaction Topologies

This paper considers the problem of consensus of multiple agents with dynamically changing interaction topologies. It is shown that a multi-agent system can achieve consensus asymptotically if the union of the directed interaction graphs is weakly connected frequently enough as the system evolves. To establish convergence condition of consensus, some new concepts and properties of graphs have been proposed and revealed. To see the strength of this new condition, some existed consensus convergence conditions have been shown to be special cases of our result.

Topic: Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 194934: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Commuters' exposure to particulate matter and carbon monoxide in Hanoi, Vietnam : a pilot study

For more about the East-West Center, see &lt;a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/"&gt;http://www.eastwestcenter.org/&lt;/a&gt;

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Health knowledge and behaviour change: a comparison of Edinburgh and north Glasgow

DATA from surveys relating to coronary heart disease have been used to investigate differences between Edinburgh and north Glasgow in levels of health knowledge and changing behaviour, and the links between them. Little difference was found between the conurbations when people were asked about par ticular ways of reducing their risk of a heart attack, but further analysis suggests that people in Edin burgh are more likely to have changed their behav iour in accordance with their knowledge of the health benefits. Attitudes to healthy behaviour, rather than health knowledge, appear to be associ ated with risk factor levels. Responses varied consid erably according to socio-economic status and the social differences between the conurbation were found partly to explain the differences in levels of health knowledge and behaviour change.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SH1470204.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
"Lukerya's eﬀ ect": the [ol] &gt; [o] transition in the history of Russian

The article describes a previously unknown phonetic feature of Old Nov-gorod dialect - transition of [ol] to [o] in closed syllables. Twice attested by the birchbark letter № 1102, this feature, as it turned out, is also reﬂ ected by other birchbark documents in which it has not so far been identiﬁ ed. The analysis of dialectal data shows that [ol] &gt; [o] transition in closed syllables was not limited to the dialect of Old Novgorod but took place in many North Russian dialects as well.

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Diet selection by cattle grazing Stylosanthes-grass pastures in the seasonally dry tropics: effect of year, season, stylo species and botanical composition

The dietary preference of cattle grazing Stylosanthes-based pastures in the seasonally dry tropics of North Queensland was studied using faecal carbon ratios (S13C) to determine grass-legume proportions. Estimates were made at monthly intervals for several years in 1 experiment to determine the effect of year, season and botanical composition on dietary stylo proportions. In another experiment, the effect of stylo cultivars (Verano and Seca) on dietary preference was monitored for 17 months. Where pastures provided ample opportunity for selection, cattle showed a strong preference for grass in the early wet season and in the late dry season. The proportion of stylo in the diet increased during the wet season and reached peak proportions (as high as 80%) in the late wet season or early dry season. Dietary stylo proportions decreased as pastures dried off and as the stylo shed leaf or became more stemmy. The length of the wet season and the amount and distribution of rainfall had a major influence on the seasonal pattern of diet selection. Stylo rarely fell below 20% in the diet. On an annual basis, stylo accounted for about 45% of the diet which was appreciably higher than the proportion of stylo in the pasture. Dietary stylo proportions were higher on Seca-based pasture than on Verano-based pasture. The avoidance of stylo in the early wet season was less pronounced with Seca compared with Verano. Later in the season Seca was the dominant dietary component for a much longer period than Verano. The effect of botanical composition on dietary grass-legume proportions varied between and within years. Correlations between grass-legume proportions in the pasture and in the diet were highest in the late dry season and early wet season when preference for grass was strongest. At the end of the wet season when cattle preferred stylo, dietary stylo was not related to pasture stylo content except in a drought year. Averaged over the full year, dietary stylo content was significantly correlated with pasture stylo content in all years and the correlation was highest in a drought year when there was a high level of utilisation and less opportunity for selection. A simple model relating dietary stylo to pasture stylo was developed and is discussed.

Topic: Pasture and Agricultural Systems
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
eSports Today

Today, gaming, from consoles to PCs to mobile devices, is a global phenomenon with over two billion active participants. In the past two-decades, a subsector of gaming has emerged. eSports has transformed gaming into a networked forum where participants compete with others from around the world. This first chapter provides an overview of the major eSports issues and themes. It will include mapping the history of eSports and the major components of its business ecosystem. Each subsequent chapter will do a deep dive into core themes within eSports and their implications on business and society.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Production Counterfeits and Policy Collisions: the Rover Trajectory — a Salutary Tale

Rover Group's acquisition by BMW and its dissolution little more than five years later marks the end of an era for the British car industry. This chapter builds on earlier work by the author and others to provide an overview of Rover Group's formation, the controversy over the break-up of its partnership with Honda and acquisition by BMW, and the subsequent trajectories of each of its principal production sites. Neglected contradictions between the market-oriented approach of BMW and Japanese-inspired manufacturing practices are noted — a striking example, played out at Rover in the 1990s, of a strategic mismatch in firm policy. More generally, the history of a British-owned car industry abounds in instances where strategies not only 'meet', but 'collide' (Boyer and Freyssenet, 2002). A persistent theme to emerge throughout is that 'British' decline is not readily disentangled from the effects of internationalisation on the sector.

Topic: Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Oxalic-acid elicited resistance to Fusarium wilt in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Systemic induced resistance (SIR) in a plant enhances disease resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Under climate chamber conditions, oxalic acid's ability to elicit SIR in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) against wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) was tested with a susceptible cultivar (Danish Export). Oxalic acid (OA) was sprayed onto the green part of the tomato plants, at concentrations 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM. Two days later, each plant was challenged with 10 ml of Fol suspension (106 conidia/ml) inoculated into the soil around the root system. After inoculation, disease incidence (DI) was quantified visually to assess SIR expression. OA-induced resistance (concentration-dependent) by otherwise susceptible tomato plants was obtained.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Late Operative Rib Fixation is Inferior to Nonoperative Management

Background Operative rib fixation (ORF) of traumatic rib fractures has been shown to decrease hospital length of stay (LOS), ventilator days, and mortality. ORF performed within 1 day of admission has been shown to have favorable outcomes compared to later ORF. This report examines the ORF experience over 10 years at a level I trauma center. Methods ORF patients from January 2007-January 2018 were matched to nonoperative controls in a 1:2 ratio based on age, injury severity score (ISS), chest Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and head AIS. Patient demographic, injury, and outcome data were collected from the trauma registry and medical records. Hospital day of ORF was identified for each ORF patient. Hospital LOS, ICU LOS, ventilator days, and mortality were compared against matched nonoperative controls. Results Ninety-five ORF patients were matched to 190 nonoperative patients. ORF patients had a higher number of rib fractures (9.6 vs 6.4, P &lt; .001). ORF patients with short time to operation (0-2 days) had a shorter average hospital stay than those with delayed operations (11.8 vs 12.6 vs 13.4 vs 19.6 days, P = .003). ORF patients with operations performed 3-4 days and &gt;6 days after admission also had statistically significant longer ICU LOS and ventilator days. Patient mortality was higher when ORF was performed after 6 days. Discussion Early ORF may improve pulmonary function, patient outcomes, and decrease LOS. Shifting practice toward early fixation may help further solidify the benefits of this procedure in the treatment of blunt chest trauma.

Topic: Trauma Management and Diagnosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rabbinic Perceptions of Christianity and the History of Roman Palestine

This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of the history of Christianity in Roman Palestine. It explains that this issue goes back to medieval Jewish-Christian controversy and intertwines with the whole history of the reception of the Talmud in Europe and the western world. It suggests that the view that Christians are most often envisaged in the rabbinic references to <italic>minim</italic> is consistent with the likelihood that Christianity is envisaged in a number of rabbinic and targumic passages which do not mention <italic>minim</italic>.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Osteoporosis and N u trition

Although nutrition accounts only for a small percentage of bone mass, it is essential for reaching and maintaining peak bone mass and for preventing accelerated bone loss with age. Calcium, proteins, and vitamin D are the best investigated nutrients, protein- and vitamin D-deficiency becoming frequent with advancing age, vitamin K, trace elements, and phosphorus having additional effects. Excessive intake of animal proteins leads to bone loss via acidotic stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption, and high salt intake enhances negative calcium balance by increasing renal calcium losses. Dairy products offer an equilibrated Calcium and protein intake, but have to be monitored for their fat content. Adequate nutrition in childhood influences positively bone mass in adulthood, while nutritional supplementation in elderlies can even increase bone mass.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hardware Aware Optimization of Embedded Convolutional Neural Networks

This work presents a framework for Deep Neural Networks compression targeting on-edge inference on low power embedded systems. The work first shows the limitation of state-of-the-art compression techniques, which do not consider the target hardware in the optimization loop. Then, it presents an hardware-aware compression tool based on network pruning and knowledge distillation. As key features, the proposed technique (i) provides an optimized model which satisfies the hardware constraints while maximizing the target accuracy (ii) it does not need a labelled dataset. Experimental results highlight the necessity of a two-step approach, in which both model compression and model fine-tuning have a critical relevance. Results also show that the presented framework offers better results with respect to many SoA proposals.

Topic: Advanced Neural Network Applications
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences