jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Memory enhancement induced by PDE2 knockdown in an Alzheimer's disease model of mice

PDE2 is the most prevalent of all PDEs expressed in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, regions involved in cognition and especially vulnerable to damage at early stages of AD. Studies suggest that beta‐amyloid 1‐42 (Abeta 1‐42) has a detrimental effect on memory performance that induces the initial and major symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via inhibition of both cAMP/cGMP‐dependent pathway. Microinfusion of Abeta in animal models leads to Abeta deposition, inflammation, neuroapoptosis and memory impairment. However, whether phosphodiesterase 2‐dependent cAMP and/or cGMP pathway is involved in the neuroinflammation and apoptosis that lead to the progression of AD are unclear. The present study found that intraventricular infusion of Abeta1‐42 into bilateral CA1 subregions led to impairment of learning and memory, as evidenced by an increased latency to find the platform and decreased number of platform crossing in the probe trial of the water maze task and decreased 24‐h retention in the step‐down passive avoidance test. The time period that induced the behavioral abnormalities lasted from 2 weeks to 6 months, with the maximal abnormality at 4 months after microinfusion with Abeta 1‐42. These behavioral abnormalities were blocked by microinfusion with lenti‐PDE2‐miRNA at 5′10 6 tu/ml. Four months after microinfusion with Abeta were also found to increase in the expression of IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17 and Bax. The decreased expression of BCl‐2, PKA, PKG and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were also significant in these Abeta1‐42‐treated mice. These effects were reversed by treatment with lenti‐PDE2‐miRNA at 5′10 6 tu/ml. These findings suggest that inhibition of PDE2 would reverse Abeta‐induced learning and memory deficits at least in part by its regulation of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic processes, which are involved in cAMP/cGMP‐BDNF signaling. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by 2014–2015 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy New Investigator Award and Changzhou Sci&amp;Tech Program Grant (No. CJ20130023).

Topic: Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Molecular Scale Mechano‐Electronic Devices: Porphyrin Catenanes.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
O-1 Life’s hard and then you die: PhD exploring end of life priorities within the UK homeless population

<h3>Background</h3> People experiencing homelessness often die young, of treatable diseases. They are dying on the streets and in hostels without adequate support. While there is ample literature surrounding the barriers to appropriate end of life care (Klop <i>et al</i>., 2018), the end of life priorities of people experiencing homelessness in the United Kingdom (UK) remain poorly understood (Care Quality Commission, 2017). This study aims to bridge the gap in knowledge. <h3>The research question</h3> The central question of this study is: 'What matters most to people experiencing homelessness in the UK as they consider their own end of life?<b>'</b> <h3>Aim of study</h3> The aim of this interpretive phenomenological study is to explore the end of life concerns, fears, preferences and priorities of a sample of people experiencing homelessness in the UK. <h3>Methodology</h3> This qualitative PhD project is a phenomenological study underpinned by the philosophy of French phenomenologist, Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Data have been collected through semi-structured, audio-recorded, face-to-face interviews with 21 participants (people experiencing homelessness) across several UK counties. Data have been analysed iteratively using thematic analysis. <h3>Findings</h3> Findings are reported as eight themes: Spiritual concerns; Practical concerns; Fear of needing care; Fear of being forgotten; Preference for dying suddenly; Preference for being somewhere comfortable where people know me; Prioritising autonomy and self-determination; Prioritising authenticity. Findings are interpreted using Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. <h3>Discussion</h3> 'What matters most to people experiencing homelessness in the UK as they consider end of life?' When the answers to this important question are understood, the problem of people experiencing homelessness in the UK dying without adequate support and with very little dignity or choice can begin to be addressed.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Four New Compounds Isolated from the Aerial Part of &lt;i&gt;Belamcanda chinensis&lt;/i&gt; (L.) and Their Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Proliferation

Bio-guided fractionation of the 70% ethanol extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. revealed four new compounds, including 6″-O-acetylembinin (5), 3″-O-acetylembinin (6), irigenin 3'-O-β-glucopyranoside (8), and 2'-acetyl-1,3-O-diferuloylsucrose (9), along with five known compounds (1-4, 7). Their chemical structures were determined using extensive NMR data, mass spectroscopy, and comparison with published literature. Among the isolates, compounds 1 and 4-7 achieved good regulation of the growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Recipe Recommendation Using Image Classification

As the digital era develops, smart food technologies are more in demand because they make meal planning and preparation simpler and more enjoyable. Recipe recommendation systems have become widespread in order to provide clients with customized recipe recommendations based on their dietary preferences, level of cooking proficiency, and availability of ingredients. On the other hand, the majority of recipe recommendation systems rely on textual inputs or pre-defined categories of ingredients, which might not accurately reflect what the user has in their pantry. This research study proposes a recipe suggestion system based on user-provided images of readily available ingredients that combine image recognition and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It will recommend recipes based on the image provided. This will make finding recipes more quick and simple than it would otherwise be. In this instance, text-to-speech guided technology is used so that the user can just replay the procedure as needed rather than reading it repeatedly. This research work will include additional elements like redirecting to a grocery cart by clicking a link. This concept will be very helpful to those who don't know what to cook. Thanks to this initiative, users won't have to waste time thinking about the recipes.

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Digitally Natural

This chapter is a consideration of how we may approach the question of remediation in digital games, suggesting that we recognize how digital game remediation incorporates what are often more obvious elements from analogue game design into the more implicit infrastructure of digital contexts. Additionally, such remediation often exhibits "hypomediacy," the denial of game design mediation, with important consequences for how useful digital games have become for institutional projects and their claims about reality. Anthropological treatments of ritual, and specifically how the engagement of audiences with ambiguous performances produces the real for participants, point toward important implications for digital games, where the infrastructural game elements may underwrite a similar process of reality construction through player performance. My overall suggestion is that when we give the cultural form of game its due (as we have for ritual and bureaucracy) – that is, when we incorporate a robust consideration of game features into our analyses – we will be in a better position to illuminate the ways in which our engagement with digital infrastructure is fraught with claims about the real.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Isoniazid-related fulminant hepatic failure in a child: assessment of the native liver's early regeneration after auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract We report the first case of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) in a patient with isoniazid (INH)-related fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) with the aim to determine the ability of the native liver (NL) to recover after this particular toxic event. A 10-year-old boy with INH-related FHF underwent APOLT after left hepatectomy on the NL. Neurological status and liver function rapidly improved, but, on postoperative day 22, urgent re-transplantation was needed for graft-hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and the NL's incapacity to sustain adequate liver function. Histological examination of the NL showed signs evident of its regeneration, however. In conclusion, though we faced the clinical failure of the NL functionally to sustain the patient in the presence of the graft HAT 3, weeks after APOLT, such a failure may be interpreted as time related. In fact, the histological picture in this particular case may suggest the potential for NL recovery after INH-related FHF

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Invited Commentary: Religious Service Attendance and Implications for Clinical Care, Community Participation, and Public Health

Abstract In this commentary, we review the evidence concerning associations between religious service attendance and subsequent health and wellbeing outcomes. The evidence base for a link between religious service attendance and health has increased substantially over the past 2 decades. The interpretation and implications of this research require careful consideration (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(1):20–30). It would be inappropriate to universally promote service attendance solely on the grounds of the associations with health. Nevertheless, a more nuanced approach, within both clinical care and public health, may be possible—one that encouraged participation in religious community for those who already positively self-identified with a religious or spiritual tradition and encouraged other forms of community participation for those who did not. Discussion is given to potential future research directions and the challenges and opportunities for promotion efforts by the public health community.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interleaving forward converters with single-capacitor turn-off snubber for stunning poultry applications

This paper proposes an interleaving forward converters with single-capacitor turn-off snubber associated with a full-bridge inverter for poultry stunning applications. The proposed converters can use the single-capacitor snubber to smooth out switch turn-off transient for reducing turn-off loss. As compared with the counterparts of the conventional converter topologies, the proposed converters have the merits of less component counts, higher efficiency over a certain load range, smaller size, and they are easier to implement. In the paper, mechanism of the stunning poultry is first reviewed and then, the desired stunning voltage waveforms and the stunning parameters with auto-tuning algorithm are proposed. Performance measurements from a prototype have verified the stunning parameters with auto-tuning algorithm and feasibility of the overall system design.

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatial Updating in Monkey Superior Colliculus in the Absence of the Forebrain Commissures: Dissociation Between Superficial and Intermediate Layers

In previous studies, we demonstrated that the forebrain commissures are the primary pathway for remapping from one hemifield to the other. Nonetheless, remapping in lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) across hemifield is still present in split brain monkeys. This finding indicates that a subcortical structure must contribute to remapping. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize remapping activity in the superior colliculus in intact and split brain monkeys. We recorded neurons in both the superficial and intermediate layers of the SC. We found that across-hemifield remapping was reduced in magnitude and delayed compared with within-hemifield remapping in the intermediate layers of the SC in split brain monkeys. These results mirror our previous findings in area LIP. In contrast, we found no difference in the magnitude or latency for within- compared with across-hemifield remapping in the superficial layers. At the behavioral level, we compared the performance of the monkeys on two conditions of a double-step task. When the second target remained within a single hemifield, performance remained accurate. When the second target had to be updated across hemifields, the split brain monkeys' performance was impaired. Remapping activity in the intermediate layers was correlated with the accuracy and latency of the second saccade during the across-hemifield trials. Remapping in the superficial layers was correlated with latency of the second saccade during the within- and across-hemifield trials. The differences between the layers suggest that different circuits underlie remapping in the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Showing Lip Performance And Fusion Performance SYS. LIP FEATURE DATABASE CLIENTS PERF.(%)

The lip-region can be interpreted as either a genetic or behavioural biometric trait depending on whether static or dynamic information is used. In this paper, we use a texture descriptor called Local Ordinal Contrast Pattern (LOCP) in conjunction with a novel spatiotemporal sampling method called Windowed Three Orthogonal Planes (WTOP) to represent both appearance and dynamics features observed in visual speech. This representation, with standard speaker verification engines, is shown to improve the performance of the lipbiometric trait compared to the state-of-the-art. The improvement obtained suggests that there is enough discriminative information in the mouth-region to enable its use as a primary biometric as opposed to a “soft ” biometric trait.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Elongated pharyngeal flap in extensive clefts of the hard and soft palate.

In some cases of extensive palatal defects surgical closure may be regarded as unfeasible, and the condition treated with an obturator prosthesis. In such a case the cleft can be closed in one operation by means of a pharyngeal flap elongated through a pharyngotomy according to Bengt Johanson (1966). Eleven patients who had used obturators were operated on between 1957 and 1978. The mean age of the patients was 39 years. All patients were cleft lip and palate or cleft palate cases; two unilateral, five bilateral, and four with an isolated cleft palate. In most of these patients a temporary tracheostomy was performed after which the pharynx was opened through a neck incision. A flap was created which reached the alveolar ridge. For oral closure, mucoperiosteal flaps were used. Anterior palatal fistulas developed in two cases; one closed spontaneously and the other remained as a 3-mm fistula behind the alveolar ridge. Three patients had postoperative transient dysphagia. Phoniatric evaluation showed that two patients had better speech after operation than before with an obturator. Gross speech improvement at this late age should not be expected and is not the primary goal of the procedure. The aim of surgical closure with an elongated pharyngeal flap is to replace the obturator.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Recognition and Segmentation of Scene Content using Region-Based Classification

We present a novel method for joint segmentation and pixelwise classification of images, classifying each pixel in the image into one of a set of broad categories. We propose a 2-step approach for this problem, first estimating image structure through dense region segmentation, which provides initial spatial grouping (superpixels), then performing recognition by classifying each superpixel according to its features. Two types of region features are investigated: perceptual grouping features derived from neighborhood relations in the superpixel graph, and a histogram of pixel textons within the superpixel. Region classification is performed by boosting for perceptual features and histogram matching for texton features. We also introduce a novel extension of multi-class boosting: MAP estimation in the space of classifier ensemble outputs. Extensive results on aerial imagery are presented using a label vocabulary of trees, roads, vehicles, grass, shadows, and buildings. We evaluate the two methods across the categories, and compare them to the standard approach of classifying image blocks without prior segmentation. In our experiments perceptual features using multi-class boosting provide the best performance.

Topic: Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Short-Lived PET Radioisotope Production in a Small Plasma Focus Device

High-energy deuterons from a small plasma focus device (1.7 kJ) have been used for short-lived radioisotope production. For the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> C(d, n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> N reaction, 40 kBq of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> N was obtained by bombarding a graphite target at a 1-Hz shot repetition rate for 30 s. This could be increased to 10 MBq at a 16-Hz repetition rate. Plasma focus devices operating with higher bank energies should produce substantially higher isotope yields.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inflammation Controls B Lymphopoiesis by Regulating Chemokine CXCL12 Expression

Inflammation removes developing and mature lymphocytes from the bone marrow (BM) and induces the appearance of developing B cells in the spleen. BM granulocyte numbers increase after lymphocyte reductions to support a reactive granulocytosis. Here, we demonstrate that inflammation, acting primarily through tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mobilizes BM lymphocytes. Mobilization reflects a reduced CXCL12 message and protein in BM and changes to the BM environment that prevents homing by cells from naive donors. The effects of TNFα are potentiated by interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), which acts primarily to expand the BM granulocyte compartment. Our observations indicate that inflammation induces lymphocyte mobilization by suppressing CXCL12 retention signals in BM, which, in turn, increases the ability of IL-1β to expand the BM granulocyte compartment. Consistent with this idea, lymphocyte mobilization and a modest expansion of BM granulocyte numbers follow injections of pertussis toxin. We propose that TNFα and IL-1β transiently specialize the BM to support acute granulocytic responses and consequently promote extramedullary lymphopoiesis.

Topic: Chemokine receptors and signaling
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LINKAGE OF LEISURE WITH REMOTE WORK AND DIGITAL NOMADISM IN TOURIST ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES

Purpose – Tourism accommodation facilities with workstations for remote work enable stays and business activities. Different contexts of modern tourism and the hospitality industry affect the development of this innovative form of accommodation offer supported by technology, often called “workspitality”. The presented concept is the subject of the research which the authors are conducting with the aim to detect the preparedness of the hospitality industry, namely small private entrepreneurs, to respond to the challenges of competitiveness. Methodology – The methodology includes scientific analyses of the potential for affirmation of innovative accommodation concepts “workspitality” tourism product. The research design included metasearch as well as original scientific processing of data obtained through a structured questionnaire. Methods include statistics as well as qualitative methods, including focus groups and creative thinking techniques and impact the formation of conclusions which point to new scientific knowledge. Findings – The findings point to the conclusion that supply providers should learn about new competitiveness potential, so the education relating to offer organisation and investments could provide solutions to the quality organisation of the specific offer. Contribution – The paper represents a valuable contribution to an understanding of the organisation and innovation of receptive offer in tourist destinations. The research results, as well as the obtained knowledge, could affect the perception of the decision makers i.e., accommodation owners and managers, about the importance of adjustment of existing structures and facility equipment in accordance with demand preferences. The adjustment to the new demand preferences targets competitive advantage and business results. The research results reflect on the formation of scientific knowledge in the area of organisation of accommodation offer, as well as on the consideration and identification of its key elements.

Topic: Sharing Economy and Platforms
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences