jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Report of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (AECOSAN) on recommendations for physical activity within the framework of the NAOS Strategy

The Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (AECOSAN) published in 2014 a report on objectives and nutritional recommendations and physical activity to combat obesity in the framework of the NAOS Strategy, suggesting that “national strategies and intersectorial measures should be drawn up aimed at the promotion of physical activity as a beneficial agent for health in line with national legislation and practice; that is, there should be a national recommendation for physical activity to benefit health” and recommending “the establishment of a general framework in Spain containing certain general directives on the characteristics of the physical activity that each segment of the population should adopt in order to remain healthy during the different stages of their life (childhood and adolescence, adults and the elderly) and which might serve as a guide to the strategies promoted by the regional communities”. In addition, national recommendations have been presented for physical activity for health, the reduction of sedentary lifestyle and screen time for the whole population. This is the result of collaboration between the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, through the Higher Council for Sport, and within the framework of the National Health System’s Strategy for the Promotion of Health and Prevention. The Scientific Committee of AECOSAN has assessed both documents and concluded that the recommendations listed in the document “Physical activity for health and the reduction of a sedentary lifestyle. Recommendations for the population”, under the framework of the National Health System’s Strategy for the Promotion of Health and Prevention from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality are in line with those made by the Scientific Committee of AECOSAN in 2014 and contain areas of interest. They may therefore be assumed within the NAOS Strategy for Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health in order to, in accordance with their objectives, promote physical activity and contribute to reversing the growing trend of obesity prevalence and, consequently, to reducing the morbidity and mortality rates attributed to chronic illness.

Topic: Health and Lifestyle Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
0442 Fundamental Study on Deformation and Break-up of Water Film on Wall Edge under High Speed Air Stream (First Report: Effects of Air Stream Velocity)

Water thin film is created on stationary blades as wet stream flow expands through the last few stages of Low Pressure (LP) steam turbine. It is torn off by high-speed steam flow and broken up into various size droplets. Some large-size and accordingly low-velocity droplets strike leading edges of rotating blades with almost circumferential velocity of them. This fact causes severe erosion damage and has been recognized as a limiting factor on the overall design of the turbine. Sequential motions of water film flow driven by a turbulent air flow from wave patterns on a wall to deformation and break-up patterns on a wall edge are recorded with a high-speed camera. It indicates the wave patterns in film flows dependence on an air stream velocity and also a strong correlation between the upstream wave patterns and the downstream deformation and break-up patterns.

Topic: Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROCESSING SALES OF THE AUTOMOBILE DEALER CENTER ON THE BASIS OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY

The growing sales volumes increase the importance of processing means, most part of which is constructed on the principles of Knowledge Discovery in Databases. That is why the problem of choosing the optimum schemes of storage and processing of an OLAP cubes appears relevant. The structure of analytical system of the automobile dealer center has been provided. The structure of data storage and the complex of models of sales processing of the automobile dealer center have been developed. The technique of the sales analysis of the car dealer center has been formulated.

Topic: Enterprise Management and Information Systems
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Mechanisms and prediction of drug-induced liver disease.

Progress reportMechanisms and prediction of drug-induced liver diseaseThe hepatic microsomal enzymd system plays an outstanding role in the metabolism and detoxication of most drugs" 2, whereas the frequency of drug-induced liver disease increases steadily as 'a penalty for progress'3.Two main questions therefore arise: (1) Why do some drugs, ie, by which cellular mechanism(s), provoke side effects upon the liver, and (2) how might we predict them?The purpose of this review is to define the relations between drugs and the liver.The recent metabolic and molecular aspects of drug hepatotoxicity will be emphasized, as well as the limits of animal testing. Hepatic Response to DrugsThe response of the liver to drugs can be classified into four main types:(1) idiosyncrasy, which might in fact correspond either to hypersensitivity or abnormality of drug metabolism; (2) drug interactions, including enzyme induction; (3) direct hepatotoxicity; (4) interferences with bilirubin disposal.Animal testing appears to be of help in predicting the three latter types as well as many abnormalities of drug metabolism.Unfortunately, it provides no information concerning hypersensitivity, which probably yields in man the highest incidence of liver injuries4'5, sometimes severe.In addition, the in- cidence of such side effects caused by a certain drug is usually low, so that they may be missed for years.As an example, a convincing report of hepatic disorder due to papaverine6 came as a surprise more than half a century after its first use in man7.Moreover, as far as hypersensitivity is concerned, there is no definite relation between the chemical structure of a compound and its effects on the liver.Yet the existence of a few cross sensitivities may be of some help in prediction: sensitivity to chlorpromazine may be associated with sensitivity to promethazine8; sensitivity to halothane9 could resemble that due to other halogenated anaesthetics, eg, methoxyflurane'0 and fluroxenell.Such facts, however, could sometimes be better explained on the basis of possible metabolic peculiarities which will be considered further. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HEPATIC RESPONSE TO DRUGSThere are considerable individual variations in the response to drugs to be considered before any conclusion can be reached from animal testing2"12'13.They mainly depend on dose, species, sex, age, nutrition, associated drugs, preexisting liver function, and genetic factors.According to species, the hepatic disposal of a given compound may be entirely different.For example, rifampicin is highly toxic in the dog, which is unable to desacetylate it efficiently, compared with man whose liver excretes more than 80% of rifampicin as desacetyl-metabolites'4.Another example is

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
EDAPHIC ONISCIDEA, DIPLOPODA AND CHILOPODA FROM PĂDUREA CĂLUGĂREASCĂ (SOUTH-EASTERN ROMANIA)

Our study is a brief biodiversity evaluation of a less investigated community of Oniscidea, Diplopoda and Chilopoda from a plains location situated in South-Eastern Romania (Bărăganului Plain). The study targeted three types of habitat (two natural habitats and one semi-natural habitat) from Pădurea Călugărească: we can record the presence of 7 families of Oniscidea, 4 families of Diplopoda and 6 families of Chilopoda. Our study confirms the presence in Romania of Propolyxenus trivittatus and Lophoproctus lucidus, also, we can record new distribution data for Schendyla mediterranea (second location from Romania), Lithobius burzenlandicus euxinicus and Lithobius aeruginosus luciae (first record in the Romanian Plain). Although using only qualitative collecting methods, our data underline the significance of forest plains in one of the most arid regions in Romania in supporting the biodiversity of soil-dwelling arthropods and, also, show the potential of this region of Romania for subsequent, more complex studies.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Analog Computer as a Teaching Tool in Physics

A number of experiments which utilize small desktop analog computers (e.g., the EAI Model TR-20) and which are appropriate for an upper level physics laboratory are described. The computer is used in some experiments to simulate the physical system under investigation and in other experiments as an on-line device which aids the analysis of the physical system itself. Experiments of both types have been used successfully for several years in the electricity and magnetism and modern physics laboratories at Union College. Students have received this technique enthusiastically and have gained knowledge not only of the experiments involved but of the analog computer and its components as well. Projects of this type can be implemented in any of the upper level laboratories even without the use of commercial analog computers since many of the experiments can be performed with home-made devices consisting of low-cost operational amplifiers, capacitors, rheostats, and other standard laboratory equipment.

Topic: Experimental Learning in Engineering
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Corresponding Aldehydes Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes in the Presence of Pivalic Anhydride.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Damage to Pilot Cuff Tubing During Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography

To the Editor: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is generally considered to be a safe technique [1]. The most frequent complications are respiratory [2-4], although accidental tracheal insertion also has been reported [4-6]. Complications occur more frequently in outpatients, and most of these seem to be unrelated to the TEE probe per se. In the intraoperative setting, interference with the endotracheal tube is a constant concern. We report a probe-related complication that occurred in a patient undergoing elective surgery. After the induction of general anesthesia, a multiplane TEE adult probe was inserted without difficulty into the esophagus. After a baseline TEE examination was completed, the patient's end-tidal CO2 concentration declined markedly. A search for the cause revealed a cuff leak from the endotracheal tube. No leak had been present until then. Laryngoscopy confirmed correct position of the endotracheal tube, and injection of additional air into the cuff failed to solve the problem. The trachea was then promptly reintubated with a new endotracheal tube. Careful inspection of the endotracheal tube revealed a tear in the pilot cuff tubing. We hypothesized that during manipulation of the TEE probe, the tubing became caught between the patient's teeth and the probe. We suspect that using a bite block at the outset of monitoring probably would have prevented this complication. Beside protecting TEE probes from being damaged in awake patients, it may also prevent complications like the one described above, and it should probably be used in more anesthetized patients undergoing a TEE examination. Jurgen T. Lutz, MD University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg, Germany A.-Stephane Lambert, MD Kathryn Rouine-Rapp, MD University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extruded soybean and flaxseed enhance fat composition of milk for Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese

Twenty Friesian dairy cows were used in an experimental trial to study the effects of extruded full-fat soybean and flaxseed dietary supplementation, at the level authorized by Consorzio of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese(CPRC) feeding guidelines (1.0 and 0.4 kg/cow/day), on milk production and fatty acid composition. Diet was typically based on alfalfa and mixed hays and cereals. Compared with the concentrations before trial start, CLA and DHA were significantly increased by dietary treatment. These results confirm that the inclusion of extruded full-fat soybean and flaxseed, in the amount authorized by CPRC rules, in the diet of dairy cows is a possible strategy to enhance milk fat composition.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Nanopatterning Palladium Surface Layers through Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Zinc in Ionic Liquid

Cracklike nanopatterned palladium surface layers have been produced by a green chemistry method based on in situ electrochemical deposition-dissolution of zinc (Zn-ECDD) in an ionic liquid bath. During the cathodic process, reactive Zn was electrochemically deposited onto a polycrystalline Pd substrate. During the subsequent anodic process, Zn was removed from the substrate through electrochemical dissolution. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements showed that repetitive Zn-ECDD mediated by potential cycles results in the nanopatterning of Pd surface layers, characterized by uniform crack appearance with well-distributed concave spacings separated by nanowidth cracks. Energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy (EDX) studies revealed that the nanopatterned surface layers chemically contain a small amount of Zn. A mechanism based on the development of stress induced by the Zn-ECDD on Pd surfaces was proposed to be responsible for the nanopatterning of Pd surface layers. Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid and reduction of nitrite were studied as model reactions to demonstrate potential applications of the nanopatterned Pd electrode to electrocatalysis and electrochemical determination of environmental contaminants. Highly improved electrochemical responses were obtained on the nanopatterned Pd for the two reactions, compared to the untreated Pd.

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass

&lt;em&gt;Abstract&lt;/em&gt;.—Striped bass &lt;em&gt;Morone saxatilis&lt;/em&gt;, originally a coastal and estuarine species, has been introduced in reservoirs in the southeastern and western United States. Although such stocking established many successful fisheries, there were troublesome die-offs of adult striped bass (3–9 kg, generally &gt;5 kg) in some waters, usually in late summer. In contrast, juveniles and small adults thrived. In response to these patterns, my students and I conducted several years of telemetry studies of adult striped bass, primarily in Cherokee and Watts Bar reservoirs, Tennessee, and laboratory studies of juvenile temperature selection. In 1985, I published the “temperature–oxygen squeeze” hypothesis to explain mortalities of large fish on the basis of limited availability of cool (&lt;25°C), oxygenated (&gt;2 mg/L) water in summer while juveniles successfully occupied a warmer thermal niche (&gt;25°C). We now have more than 20 years of research and management since 1985, primarily across the Southeast, in which the published hypothesis has, explicitly or not, been tested, generally confirmed, and applied to management. This retrospective paper reviews the studies our team conducted to develop and test the hypothesis and about 20 years of relevant studies by others that have added important nuances, addressed lingering issues, and turned a controversial idea into generally accepted understanding and management practice. Nonetheless, issues remain for understanding the effects of poor summer habitat on striped bass, such as why some studies show striped bass occupying warmer temperatures without mortalities and the role of prey availability in survival of fish obliged to occupy warm water. Other papers in this volume augment and extend the saga of progressively developing knowledge that this paper recalls of striped bass habitat requirements, thermal niche segregation by size (or age), and management constraints and opportunities.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
TAP-1 indirectly regulates CD4+ T cell priming in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection by controlling NK cell IFN-γ production

To investigate if transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)–1 is required for CD8+ T cell–mediated control of Toxoplasma gondii in vivo, we compared the resistance of TAP-1−/−, CD8−/−, and wild-type (WT) mice to infection with the parasite. Unexpectedly, TAP-1−/− mice displayed greater susceptibility than CD8−/−, β2-microglobulin−/− (β2m−/−), or WT mice to infection with an avirulent parasite strain. The decreased resistance of the TAP-1−/− mice correlated with a reduction in the frequency of activated (CD62Llow CD44hi) and interferon (IFN)-γ–producing CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, infected TAP-1−/− mice also showed reduced numbers of IFN-γ–producing natural killer (NK) cells relative to WT, CD8−/−, or β2m−/− mice, and after NK cell depletion both CD8−/− and WT mice succumbed to infection with the same kinetics as TAP-1−/− animals and displayed impaired CD4+ T cell IFN-γ responses. Moreover, adoptive transfer of NK cells obtained from IFN-γ+/+, but not IFN-γ−/−, animals restored the CD4+ T cell response of infected TAP-1−/− mice to normal levels. These results reveal a role for TAP-1 in the induction of IFN-γ–producing NK cells and demonstrate that NK cell licensing can influence host resistance to infection through its effect on cytokine production in addition to its role in cytotoxicity.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Microcosms of the Skills Ecosystem: Building Communities of Practice (CoPs) to Tackle Food Insecurity and Youth Unemployment in Northern Mozambique

This article reflects on a capacity-building project co-designed with two universities in northern Mozambique to strengthen partnerships in the educational sector in addressing local issues of youth unemployment and food insecurity. The project focused on building communities of practice (CoPs) around the three secondary-level schools delivering agricultural education and training with the participation of universities’ lecturers from agricultural universities as well as students and rural communities. These three CoPs became collaborative networks foregrounded in participatory action research that allowed for a joint production of knowledge. Because of this, we propose to frame these CoPs as microcosms of an expanded skills ecosystem that exists on a territorial level and encompasses diverse forms of knowledge. Despite the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, CoPs created opportunities for students to do practical work that is often lacking in training and, especially, to encounter entrepreneurship possibilities that can facilitate education–work transitions. With this experience in mind, we ask ourselves, how can CoPs harness skills development towards the education–work transition for youth in agriculture? Our insights into this question are based on three years of project implementation (2021–2023) and, hopefully, will contribute to better understand the role of vocationally trained youth for Mozambique’s agricultural development.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Isolation of 2R,5R-Dihydroxymethyl-3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) from the Fermentation Broth of<i>Streptomyces</i>sp. KSC-5791

Journal Article Isolation of 2R,5R-Dihydroxymethyl-3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) from the Fermentation Broth of Streptomyces sp. KSC-5791 Get access Satoshi Watanabe, Satoshi Watanabe Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 3360 Kikugawa-cho, Ogasa-gun, Shizuoka 439, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideki Kato, Hideki Kato Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 3360 Kikugawa-cho, Ogasa-gun, Shizuoka 439, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kouzo Nagayama, Kouzo Nagayama Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 3360 Kikugawa-cho, Ogasa-gun, Shizuoka 439, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Abe Hiroshi Abe Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 3360 Kikugawa-cho, Ogasa-gun, Shizuoka 439, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 5, 1 January 1995, Pages 936–937, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.936 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 20 October 1994 Published: 01 January 1995

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Radiographic analysis of femoral tunnel position in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Successful reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) depends on anatomic placement of a graft ligament substitute. This study examined the accuracy of a plain radiograph in determining femoral tunnel position during ACL reconstruction. Nine cadaveric distal femurs had six separate tunnels made in each specimen: 12:00 (high position), 1:30 (anatomic position), and 3:00 (low position) in the left femora and 12:00 (high), 10:30 (anatomic), and 9:00 (low) in the right femora. At each position on the clock face, two 9-mm tunnels were drilled, leaving 2 mm (correct) and 12 mm (incorrect) of posterior wall intact. With a radiopaque tunnel dilator in each tunnel, a true lateral radiograph, a 10 degree externally rotated lateral radiograph, and a 10 degree internally rotated lateral radiograph were obtained. All radiographs were analyzed for femoral tunnel placement in the anteroposterior plane with the four-quadrant method described by Harner et al and the ratio method described by Aglietti et al. Statistically significant differences could only be distinguished between anatomic (10:30), anterior (12-mm rim), and posterior (2-mm rim) positions. There were no statistically significant differences for any of the other positions when comparing true laterals to true laterals, true laterals to internal or external oblique views, or when comparing internal and external oblique views. A malpositioned anterior tunnel (12-mm rim posterior), which was "low" at 9:00 or "high" at 12:00 in the notch (malplaced), could not be distinguished reliably from an anatomically correct placed tunnel with a single-plane lateral radiograph.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences