jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Personality Judgment at Zero Acquaintance: Agreement, Assumed Similarity, and Implicit Simplicity

Previously unacquainted participants (N = 218) were assessed in small-group sessions in which they rated themselves and each other on (a) the Big Five (e.g., Costa & McCrae, 1992) and (b) an instrument assessing various traits not traditionally measured in the Big Five taxonomy as well as sociopolitical attitudes. Replicating earlier research, we obtained a significant self-stranger correlation on Extraversion; in addition, we found significant agreement on ratings of thriftiness, athleticism, traditionalism, conservatism, and attractiveness. Assumed similarity correlations were substantial for Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness; furthermore, consistent with previous findings, there was a strong inverse relation between agreement and assumed similarity across the assessed characteristics. Finally, the correlations between Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were significantly greater in the strangers' ratings than in the self-ratings, indicating that these peer judgments are less complex. We also compared our Big Five findings with those from previous samples of varying acquaintanceship; these analyses indicated that the strangers' ratings were characterized by lower levels of self-other agreement (for all traits except Extraversion) and somewhat higher levels of assumed similarity (for ratings of Neuroticism and Agreeableness).

Topic: Personality Traits and Psychology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Dimensional Model for Estimating Factors influencing Childhood Obesity: Path Analysis Based Modeling

The main objective of this study is to identify and develop a comprehensive model which estimates and evaluates the overall relations among the factors that lead to weight gain in children by using structural equation modeling. The proposed models in this study explore the connection among the socioeconomic status of the family, parental feeding practice, and physical activity. Six structural models were tested to identify the direct and indirect relationship between the socioeconomic status and parental feeding practice general level of physical activity, and weight status of children. Finally, a comprehensive model was devised to show how these factors relate to each other as well as to the body mass index (BMI) of the children simultaneously. Concerning the methodology of the current study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to reveal the hidden (secondary) effect of socioeconomic factors on feeding practice and ultimately on the weight status of the children and also to determine the degree of model fit. The comprehensive structural model tested in this study suggested that there are significant direct and indirect relationships among variables of interest. Moreover, the results suggest that parental feeding practice and physical activity are mediators in the structural model.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion focused therapy on quality of life among female adolescents with high-risk behaviors

Introduction: Many factors, such as the lack of necessary skills, contribute to the emergence of high-risk behaviors in students. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion focused therapy (CFT) on the quality of life among adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Materials &amp; Methods: The present extended experimental study was conducted on 45 female students studying humanities at the 10th grade of high school in the academic year of 2016-2017 using a pretest-posttest control group design.The study population was selected by single-stage cluster sampling technique, and then randomly assigned into three groups of ACT (n=15), CFT (n=15), and control (n=15). The two intervention groups were subjected to eight 90-minute interventional sessions. Data collection tools included the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36. The three groups filled out the research instruments before the implementation of the intervention and after the end of the eight interventional sessions in forms of pretest and posttest, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16) using multivariate analysis of covariance, independent t-test, and modified Bonferroni test. Results: The results indicated that both treatments were equally effective in the quality of life (P less-than 0.01). The ACT group had the mean life of quality of 33.87 and 52.3 before and after the implementation of ACT, respectively. Furthermore, regarding the CFT group, the mean quality of life was obtained as 33.5 and 44.56 prior to and following the CFT intervention, respectively. However, no significant increase was observed in the control group in terms of this variable. The results also indicted the higher efficacy of ACT and CFT in the mental and physical health dimensions of the quality of life as compared to the control group (P less-than 0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the combined application of ACT and CFT can have a significant impact on the quality of life among the female adolescents with high-risk behaviors and improve their well-being.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Human resource practices and voluntary labour turnover in the readymade garment industry in Bangladesh

The huge volume of research on labour turnover displays four features that are especially relevant to the present study: most studies use the individual employee as the unit of analysis; few focus on the organisation as the unit of analysis; most apply quantitative methods and only a few have employed qualitative methods; and most are conducted in Western and/or developed countries, with relatively few in developing countries. The current research project is therefore distinctive because it: focuses on the organisation as the unit of analysis; applies qualitative case study research methods; and it is located in the developing country of Bangladesh. The Ready Made Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh has played an impressive role in the transformation of the national economy from one based on agriculture to one increasingly based on export-oriented manufacturing. In the process, this industry has provided significant opportunities for employment and contributed towards the improvement of living standards, particularly of women. Despite the incredible growth, however, the RMG industry continues to confront serious challenges, one of which is high labour turnover. In order to understand better the manifestations and causes of the labour turnover problem – as well as its potential solutions – the research project reported in this thesis studies eight companies in the Bangladeshi RMG industry, differentiated by their size, ownership, geographical location and role in the supply chain. The findings provide unusually rich empirical data on the quite different patterns of labour turnover in these eight case studies, including overall organisational rates of turnover ranging from 11 percent to 33 percent, differences in turnover rates between occupational groups and diverse consequences of high labour turnover. The explanation offered of the differences in turnover rates between the case organisations in this industry focuses on the interaction between factors internal to the organisations, and therefore under the control of management, and external factors, beyond management’s immediate control. With respect to the former, a large number of individual human resource management and workplace safety policies and practices are found to be associated with turnover rates, but more important is the finding that these multiple internal factors are best considered as part of a package or system of practices. With respect to the latter, key external explanatory factors include local labour markets and the operation of government regulations. By studying labour turnover in a way that differs to the dominant approach – that is, offering a more holistic analysis of organisational turnover rates using qualitative methods in a developing country context – this thesis is able to offer not only novel empirical data but also theoretical insights and practical recommendations to both mangers and governments.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplier selection model with incomplete cost information

We analyze a scenario where a buyer procures capacity from one or more suppliers in the presence of demand uncertainty. The buyer does not have information of suppliers' production cost function but assumes it is sampled from a known probability distribution. The supplier, of course, has knowledge of its own cost function but like the buyer does not have information on other suppliers' cost function. Under this scenario we explicitly derive suppliers' capacity reservation price, which is a function of their capacity, amount of capacity reserved by the buyer and other parameters. The buyer's decisions are how much capacity to reserve and from how many suppliers. Under certain conditions we develop solutions and show that the model is robust to the number of suppliers from whom capacity is procured through reservation. When the parameters of demand distribution changes the supply base is likely to remain more or less the same.

Topic: Supply Chain and Inventory Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Hyaloterminalis, a novel genus of Coryneaceae in order Diaporthales

The dematiaceous coelomycete Hyaloterminalis alishanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Coryneaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) is introduced in this paper. It was isolated from dead branches of Cerasus sp. from the Ali Mountain, Taiwan. Coryneum was previously the only genus in Coryneaceae, and morphological similarity of Hyaloterminalis with the type genus is limited to broadly fusiform, brown conidia. Hyaloterminalis differs from Coryneum in having pycnidial conidiomata, persistent paraphyses and conidiophore morphology, with a long narrow hyaline tip to the apical cell and hyaline basal cells. Multigene phylogenetic analyses, using a combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data generated from maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses, confirmed that Hyaloterminalis forms a distinct lineage within Coryneaceae and its establishment as a new genus is well-supported. The new taxon is described, illustrated and compared with Coryneum. The ITS (MH861215) and LSU (MH872982) sequences obtained from the ex-type strain of Talekpea foeticia, confirm its status as a member in Coryneaceae. Therefore, Talekpea is accepted as a distinct genus in Coryneaceae.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of cranial nerve degeneration in a transgenic Parkinson’s disease model marmoset using multi-contrast mechanism MRI

In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of the brain in a genetically modified marmoset model of Parkinson&amp;rsquo;s disease. Various contrast mechanism images were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the whole brain underwent explorative investigation with each contrast. This study was evaluated for Parkinson&amp;rsquo;s disease marmoset by anatomical MRI, neural fiber tractography and awakening state functional MRI. Malti-contrast MRI showed diseases characteristics in the thalamus, the nigral striatum, motor circuit and anymore. The findings suggest that the marmoset is useful as a model animal to study human diseases.

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Toward Network Intelligence

Abstract This article proposes a conceptual framework to guide research in neural computation by relating it to mathematical progress in other fields and to examples illustrative of biological networks. The goal is to provide insight into how biological networks, and possibly large artificial networks such as foundation models, transition from analog computation to an analog approximation of symbolic computation. From the mathematical perspective, I focus on the development of consistent symbolic representations and optimal policies for action selection within network settings. From the biological perspective, I give examples of human and animal social network behavior that may be described using these mathematical models.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Propuesta de modelo documental de gestión de mejora con enfoque sistémico

The current globalized world requires organizations to apply strategies that allow them to live competitively, which makes it necessary to continuously improve products and processes in order to be productive; providing added value and thus stay in the market. The article is generated from a documentary research on models of continuous improvement triggers of productivity, with the purpose of serving as a reference to propose a document model of improvement management with a systemic approach feasible to apply in a public higher education organization that allow to increase the established organizational productivity indicators; reflected in the achievement of objectives and goals set to integrate, collaborative work, effective communication among all stakeholders (customers, suppliers, society, staff, competition, users, etc.). Follow-up, through the use of information technology, providing recognition to staff achievement; possibility of managing the improvement from the operative part. Evaluate the level of maturity for improvement.

Topic: Business, Innovation, and Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of Fee Arrangement on Lawyer Effort

This paper focuses on the impact of fee arrangement on the amount of time lawyers are likely to devote to civil cases (“effort”). Drawing upon data collected by the Civil Litigation Research Project, we compare the behavior of lawyers working on an hourly fee basis with the behavior of contingent fee lawyers. Like previous work on this issue, the paper finds that fee arrangement does influence the amount of effort lawyers devote to a given case. However, contrary to previous work, the analysis indicates that the effect is not a simple effect on hours worked but a more complex effect on a number of aspects of lawyers' behavior. Together these produce an effect on hours that varies by size of case. For modest cases (with stakes of $6,000 or less), contingent fee lawyers spend less time on a case than hourly fee lawyers. Yet we find no statistically significant evidence of a differential in effort for larger cases but rather an indication that, if there is an effect, it may be in the opposite direction.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the hydrolysis of retinoyl beta-glucuronide to retinoic acid by rat tissue organelles in vitro.

In keeping with the in vivo observation that the conversion of retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RBG) to retinoic acid (RA) is enhanced in vitamin A-deficient (A-) rats, the relative rates of hydrolysis of RBG to RA by various organelles of liver, kidney and intestine were found to be higher in A- rats than in vitamin A-sufficient (A+) rats (mean ratio 1.28; range 1.05-1.63). The lysosomal fraction of kidney and the microsomal fraction of liver showed the highest ratios for RBG hydrolysis; namely, 1.63 and 1.57, respectively (p < 0.005). The rates of hydrolysis of an ether glucuronide, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucosiduronate (pNPG), were also enhanced in A- rats. The ratios of activities were again highest in kidney lysosomes and in liver microsomes; namely, 1.51 (p < 0.005) and 1.42 (p < 0.05), respectively. The non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100, increased RBG hydrolysis in organelles of A+ (19-27%) more than in those of A- rats (8-14%). The ratios of activities +/- SEM with 0.02% Triton X-100 in organelles of kidney, liver and intestine were 1.25 +/- 0.03, 1.22 +/- 0.03 and 1.24 +/- 0.03 in A+ rats and were 1.11 +/- 0.02, 1.07 +/- 0.02 and 1.13 +/- 0.03, respectively, in A- rats. Thus, Triton X-100 had a significantly greater effect (p < 0.005) on the membranes of A+ rats than on those of A- rats. In conclusion, the increased appearance of RA in the plasma after RBG administration in vivo seems to be caused by enhanced activity of beta-glucuronidases in tissue organelles, augmented in part by better access of the substrate to the membrane-bound enzymes.

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle

Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) greatly affects livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana prevalence of AAT is estimated to range between 5 and 50%. Studies have reported serum biochemical aberrations and variability in cytokine profiles in animals during infection. However, information regarding the biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural infections are limited. This study was therefore aimed at investigating changes in the levels of serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory cytokines during a natural infection. Nested internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR and sequencing were used to characterise trypanosome infection in cattle at two areas in Ghana (Adidome and Accra) of different endemicities. The cattle were sampled at four to five-week intervals over a period of six months. Levels of serum biochemical parameters, including creatinine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin and total protein and cytokines (interleukin 10, interleukin 4, interleukin 12, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured in serum samples and then compared between infected cattle and uninfected controls. The predominant trypanosome species detected in Accra (non-endemic) and Adidome (endemic) were Trypanosoma theileri and Trypanosoma vivax, respectively. Serum biochemical parameters were similar between infected and uninfected cattle in Accra. Infected cattle at Adidome however, had significantly higher levels of ALP, creatinine, total protein and total bilirubin (P < 0.05) and significantly lower levels of cholesterol (P < 0.05) at specific time points. At basal levels and during infection, significantly higher pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory (Th1/Th2) cytokine ratios were observed in cattle at Adidome compared to Accra (P < 0.05), indicating a shift towards Th1 immune response in Adidome. Levels of IL-10 were, however, significantly elevated in infected cattle in Accra (P < 0.05), suggesting high anti-inflammatory cytokine response in Accra. These results suggests that cattle in an endemic area repeatedly infected with trypanosomes of different species or different antigenic types demonstrate high pro-inflammatory (Th1) immune response and biochemical alterations whereas cattle in a non-endemic area with predominantly chronic T. theileri infections demonstrate high anti-inflammatory response and no biochemical alterations.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS On the Nature of Charge Carrier Scattering in Ag 2 Se at Low Temperatures

In this paper, we report the results of studying the temperature dependences of the electric conductivity σ(T), Hall coefficient R(T), and thermopower α 0 (T) of Ag2Se in the concentration range (7.8–62.5) × 10 18 cm –3 at temperatures from 4.2 to 300 K. Ag2 Se samples were prepared using the unified technology for stoichiometric Ag2Se [4] with excess of Se and Ag up to ~0.2 at %. The analytical technique was described in [5]. Figures 1–3 show the depen� dences σ(T), R(T), and α0(T). In all samples R(T) remains constant, whereas α 0 (T) linearly increases, which is characteristic of highly degenerate electron gas. It can be seen that, at n ≈ (12–20) × 10 18 cm –3 σ is almost independent of T up to 30 K. At T > 20 K σ decreases with an increase in temperature. At lower electron concentrations, σ only slightly changes with T up to 150 K. The weak dependence σ(T) is related to the weak temperature dependence of the electron mobility (the concentration remains constant in the temperature range under study).

Topic: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Constitutional Overload in a Constitutional Democracy: The UK and the Brexit Process

This chapter reviews a range of the domestic difficulties which have been encountered in delivering Brexit, and which have challenged the constitution, democracy, and the very idea of constitutional democracy in the UK. The chapter will explore challenges relating to, first, the activities of the UK Parliament and government; second, the position of the devolved institutions in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; and, third, the role of the courts. It will argue that the combined effect of these overlapping, interacting and proliferating challenges has been to place the UK in a period of constitutional overload. One significant consequence of the UK’s constitutional overload is that it raises potential democratic difficulties, both in terms of ensuring the adequate functioning of democracy in the present, as well as with respect to the possibilities for reform of the democratic political system in the future. In the present, constitutional overload means that contemporary democratic tensions are more challenging to resolve. And for the future, constitutional overload means that ways of enhancing democratic practice are even more difficult to identify and implement. In that sense, constitutional overload is one of the biggest challenges to democracy faced by the UK.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identifying Androgen Receptor-Independent Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Resistance to Second-Generation Antiandrogen Therapy

Abstract : We hypothesize that GR mediates resistance to enzalutamide in advanced prostate cancer through transactivation of SGK1. In this proposal, we aim to further explore the relationship between GR, SGK1, and enzalutamide resistance through experimental manipulation of GR and SGK1 in our previously reported laboratory models of enzalutamide resistance. In this research period we have further expanded upon the relationship between GR and SGK1 in the context of enzalutamide-driven prostate cancer. We have generated CRISPR/Cas9 cell lines to test the importance of SGK1. Finally, we have used the recently published metastatic prostate cancer genomics dataset to identify a novel mechanism of enzalutamide resistance that correlates with the effects of SGK1 in our xenograft models. This project has the potential to identify a critical and druggable component of the GR program to enable a safer and more effective strategy for treating AR-independent enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancers.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences