jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flora of Espírito Santo: Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae)

Abstract The inventory of species of Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae) occurring in state of Espírito Santo is presented. The taxonomic treatment includes description, comments, images and key of species of Hymenophyllum occurring in state of Espírito Santo, as well as, a key for Hymenophyllaceae genera occurring in study area and Brazil. The geographical distribution pattern and ecological notes also are included. A total of 15 species belonged to five subgenera were recorded. The species are wide distribution in Atlantic Forest biome, in ombrophiles forest and nebular forest, with exception of Hymenophyllum caparaoense which is endemic of Caparaó National Park.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Stimulation of increased short-term growth and development of mayflies by pulp mill effluent

Abstract To determine the food-dependent effects of biologically treated, bleached-kraft pulp mill effluent on mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus Dodds) growth and development, mayflies were exposed to effluent for 2 weeks within artificial streams arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design (two periphyton food levels - low, high; three concentrations - control river water, 1% effluent, 10% effluent). Although survival was not affected, the effluent had a significant stimulatory effect on growth (resulting in 20 to 50% greater body weights) and development of the wing pads. Furthermore, the initial growth and development trajectories suggest that effluent-exposed mayflies may emerge sooner and at a larger size than nonexposed individuals. A key result was that the stimulatory effects occurred within both the low- and high-food treatments. Thus, the effluent-exposed mayflies grew-faster than even the high-food control animals, which already had access to more food than they could eat throughout the experiment. This shows that the stimulatory effect of the effluent on the mayflies involved more than just an increase in food-availability due to enhanced algal growth in response to nutrients in the effluent. Three possible mechanisms for this growth-enhancement effect are that the effluent (a) increased the nutritive value of the food, (b) enhanced the palatability of the periphyton, inducing increased mayfly feeding, and/or (c) directly stimulated increased mayfly growth via hormonal or other growth-stimulation effects. Further work is required to determine whether the growth stimulation occurred at the expense of future reproductive output.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 326: Cd36 Deficiency Reduces Obesity-associated Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Heart

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is often associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Mounting evidence shows that diabetes is associated with structural and functional changes in the heart. CD36 protein is highly expressed in heart and regulates lipid utilization in cardiacmyocytes. In this paper, we investigated the impact of CD36 expression on obesity-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in heart. METHODS: Studies were conducted in control lean (WT), obese leptin deficient (Lep Ob/Ob ) and leptin deficient-CD36 null (Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- ) mice. To examine obesity-associated insulin resistance, glucose uptake and insulin signaling were examined in adult mouse hearts. Presence of macrophages in heart was examined with immunohistochemisty. Oxidative stress makers and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes were measured in hearts. To evaluate substrate utilization, glucose and fatty acid oxidation was tested in primary cultures of ventricular myocytes. Finally, the activity of pro-inflammatory kinases p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) were examined in cardiacmyocytes challenged with palmitate. RESULTS: In Lep Ob/Ob , glucose uptake and oxidation in heart was lower than lean WT mice, while cardiac FA oxidation was strongly higher. Silencing CD36 in Lep Ob/Ob mouse markedly improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in heart, but resulted in marked reduction of FA oxidation. Immunostaining of heart sections with macrophage specific antibody F4/80 showed that macrophage content was higher in myocardium of Lep Ob/Ob mice than Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- mice. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, isoprostanes and reactive oxygen species, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in hearts of Lep Ob/Ob than Lep Ob/Ob -CD36-/- mice, although the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were comparable. Chronic overload of Lep Ob/Ob cardiac myocyte with palmitate strongly induced the activity of JNK and p38-MAPK, but was less effective in Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that CD36 deficiency induced a significant reduction of obesity-associated oxidative stress and inflammation in heart in parallel to a drop in fatty acid oxidation.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Long‐Term Effects of the COVID‐19 Open Strategy on the Mental Health of Chinese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background In December 2022, the Chinese government shifted its COVID‐19 prevention and control policy to full openness, leading to a widespread pandemic within a short period. This study aimed to examine the trajectories of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among Chinese university students within 1 year after the implementation of the open policy. Additionally, it investigated the influence of sleep quality, psychological resilience, and medical specialization on these psychological trajectories. Methods A cohort study was conducted among Chinese university students using stratified sampling. Follow‐up assessments were conducted at three time points: T1 (December 2022–January 2023), T2 (May–June 2023), and T3 (December 2023–January 2024). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time and to examine the influence of sleep quality, psychological resilience, and medical specialization on these changes. Results At T1, a total of 2,062 university students were recruited. By T3, the follow‐up rate was 63.43%, resulting in a final analytical cohort of 1,308 participants. Among them, 769 (58.8%) were female, and 539 (41.2%) were male. The majority (54.7%, n = 716) were between 19 and 22 years old. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels were highest among Chinese university students at the beginning of the open policy and gradually decreased over the following year. Students with poor sleep quality and poor psychological resilience exhibited worsening psychological trajectories, which showed more severe and persistent symptoms. Medical and Nonmedical students consistently exhibited similar psychological trajectories. Conclusions Collectively, the present study indicated that the change of COVID‐19 prevention and control policy had more serious negative impacts on the mental health of Chinese university students than the epidemic itself. Thus, strengthening psychological treatments and psychosocial interventions for university students would be crucial in the context of a protracted infectious disease epidemic.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
On representable graphs, semi-transitive orientations, and the representation numbers

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is representable if there exists a word $W$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $W$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. If $W$ is $k$-uniform (each letter of $W$ occurs exactly $k$ times in it) then $G$ is called $k$-representable. It was shown that a graph is representable if and only if it is $k$-representable for some $k$. Minimum $k$ for which a representable graph $G$ is $k$-representable is called its representation number. In this paper we give a characterization of representable graphs in terms of orientations. Namely, we show that a graph is representable if and only if it admits an orientation into a so-called \emph{semi-transitive digraph}. This allows us to prove a number of results about representable graphs, not the least that 3-colorable graphs are representable. We also prove that the representation number of a graph on $n$ nodes is at most $n$, from which one concludes that the recognition problem for representable graphs is in NP. This bound is tight up to a constant factor, as we present a graph whose representation number is $n/2$. We also answer several questions, in particular, on representability of the Petersen graph and local permutation representability.

Topic: Advanced Graph Theory Research
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The potential of heat shock response in the treatment of theileriosis in cattle: Review

Theileriosis, in particular East Coast Fever, remains to be a challenge to herdsmen in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Its treatment cost is unbearable to majority of rural poor keepers who have subsequently opted for alternatives. Some herdsmen have developed a practice of heat application to parotid and prescapular lymph nodes of cattle with theileriosis to treat the disorder. The approach has been beneficial from time immemorial. Although the actual mechanism of this approach remains enigmatic, it might be linked with the protective role of heat shock response observed in several conditions. This prompts for closer look into the possible protective mechanisms of heat shock response against theileriosis. By gaining insight into how the heat shock response protects hosts against infections and its potential to protect cattle against theileriosis, therapeutic approaches to combat theileriosis could be improved. This work therefore, explores the cellular events triggered by Theileria parasite in the host cell as well as the possible sites at which heat shock response interferes to prevent establishment of the parasite and development of clinical theileriosis. It is concluded that the heat shock response is beneficial to animals against theileriosis. This concept can serve as a prelude to new therapeutic approaches against theileriosis. Keywords: Theileriosis, T. parva, NF-&#954;B, Hsps, apoptosis Tanzania Vet Journal Vol. 25 (2) 2008: pp. 75-87

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Temperature regulates an inwardly-rectifying potassium current (Kir) in dLGN TC neurons.

&lt;p&gt;A) Warming leads to a net outward current recorded from a dLGN TC neuron. B) In a different TC neuron recorded in the presence of 500 μM BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, a blocker of Kir, warming instead leads to a slight inward current. The current recovers following return to room temperature aCSF. C) In another TC neuron recorded in the presence of BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 20 μM CNQX (a blocker of AMPA-type glutamate receptors), warming continues to trigger an inward current. D) Current-voltage plot of the warming-gated current shows that it strongly rectifies and reverses close to the predicted K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Nernst equilibrium potential. E) Plot of holding current against bath temperature for three conditions: aCSF, aCSF + 500 μM BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and aCSF + BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 20 μM CNQX. The addition of CNQX did not prevent the temperature-triggered inward current. The horizontal error bars are very small and obscured by the markers. F) The Ba&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-sensitive current recorded at room temperature and in warmed aCSF from a single TC neuron obtained by subtraction of membrane currents in response to a series of voltage steps recorded in the absence and presence of 500 μM BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. G) Plot of the Ba&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-sensitive current (presumptive Kir) from 8 TC neurons at room temperature and in warmed conditions showing that its amplitude increased with warming. *p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 18 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Coffea charrieriana Stoff. &amp; F.Anthony" ] } The dataset includes 18 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0052274-240626123714530/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Psychological and Neurobehavioral Disorders in MS

In this article, the authors discuss the classification, recognition, and rehabilitation team management of psychological and neurobehavioral disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS), emphasizing throughout their view that from the psychological standpoint, MS is preeminently a disorder of the patient's self or identity. Disorders of the process of normal adjustment, disorders of organization and control (including disorders of affect and of cognition), and disorders of personality functioning are considered in turn. Finally, the authors discuss a model for the role of comprehensive, inpatient rehabilitation team treatment in addressing MS-related neurobehavioral disorders.

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DNA-Liposome Versus Adenoviral Gene Transfer of TGFβ1 into Vascularized Cardiac Allografts

716 The transfer of genes encoding immunosuppressive agents holds promise as an inductive therapy in transplantation. The current study employed the mouse vascularized cardiac transplant model to assess the efficacy of gene transfer by in situ perfusion of donor hearts with DNA-liposome(γ-DLRIE/DOPE) complexes or adenoviral vectors encoding the active form of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGFβ1. DNA-liposome mediated transfection with TGFβ1 resulted in prolonged allograft survival in approximately 2/3 of transplant recipients. Prolonged allograft survival was associated with a markedly reduced Th1 helper cell response. In addition, production of IgM, IgG2a, and IgG1 alloantibodies was ablated. However, TGFβ1 transfected grafts were eventually rejected, and loss of graft function was associated with a unique pathology characterized by an aberrant deposition of collagen and fibrous material within the graft. Despite an intense mononuclear cell infiltration, overt myocyte necrosis was not apparent, further suggesting that loss of graft function was not associated with “classical” immune effector mechanisms. In contrast, adenoviral mediated transfection with TGFβ1 did not delay graft rejection, nor did it inhibit Th1 development and alloantibody responses. At least 2 possibilities may contribute to these observations: 1) The protective effects of TGFβ1 gene transfer may be subject to a narrow therapeutic window, where higher levels of TGFβ1 expression following adenoviral transfection may over-ride immunosuppressive activities, and 2) cytokines induced by adenoviral vectors (but not DNA-liposome complexes) may over-ride the immunosuppressive activity of TGFβ1. These possibilities are currently being explored. Interestingly, in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells markedly enhanced the protective activity of both DNA-liposome and adenoviral mediated TGFβ1 gene transfer. While survival of TGFβ1 transfected allograft was markedly prolonged in CD8 depleted mice, extensive collagen deposition and neointima development was observed, further implicating TGFβ1 in the pathology of chronic rejection. This study documents the utility of DNA-liposome complexes for gene transfer into vascularized allografts. Further, these data demonstrate that local expression of TGFβ1 may produce both protective (decreased Th1 and alloantibody) and deleterious (fibrogenic) responses. Ongoing studies are aimed at determining if these opposing activities of TGFβ1 may be segregated.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Demographic Factors Impacting the Financial Risk Tolerance of Retail Investors of Urban West Bengal

Prior knowledge of willingness or capacity to take financial risks of a retail investor can be very useful in targeting potential clients for investment agencies offering various low, medium, or high risk instruments for investment. Previous research has showed that the financial risk tolerance (FRT) of an individual is influenced by several demographic factors of the individual such as age, gender, marital status, education, profession, income, number of dependents in the family, etc. The capacity also varies from country to country and place to place within a country. Hence, knowledge of the demographic data of the individual can help researchers to understand how each of these factors impact the retail investors residing in a particular place, city, or a state in taking financial risk. In this paper, we collected primary demographic data from 2000 residents of Kolkata, Asansol, and Durgapur, the three major cities of the state of West Bengal in India with an aim to find out the impact of each of these demographic factors of the respondents (the potential retail investors) on their tolerance to financial risk. The primary data were analyzed using logistic regression method which revealed gender and profession as the two demographic factors that had the most significant impact on the FRT of the retail investors; whereas, income and number of dependents had a negligible impact.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Technological quality increase in surfaces of parts with plasma carbonization

In the paper there is considered a new paper of plasma carbonization with the use of a graphite coating consisting of graphite, liquid glass and others. A procedure of coating production and the fulfillment of the experiment on coating and melting are shown. A new mechanism of carbon diffusion from coating into metal under the influence of plasma electric arc is offered. The character of surface micro-relief changes after carbonization is analyzed. When using the mentioned method of carbonization it is possible to increase micro-hardness of steel St3 4-5 times (up to 12000 MPa). The depth of a carbonized layer is within the limits of 50-200 µm (in the mode without surface melting) and 300 - 3000µm (in the mode of surface melting). It is shown that the application of liquid glass at the coating formation has a positive effect on surface roughness with the increase of liquid glass quantity roughness decreases.

Topic: Material Properties and Applications
Subfield: General Materials Science
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Staying Power

Using a wide-angle lens spanning three decades, the author proposes that a 1991 OJELA article has “staying power” in the field. Its original purpose—to celebrate the highly recursive revision and personal voice of Emily, a high school junior—is still relevant today, nearly thirty years after the fact. In other words, Emily (who must be nearly 50!) can still vividly model revision strategies and habits of mind with the power to enlarge our own students’ writerly horizons, bolster their rhetorical confidence, and accelerate their literacy growth. However, English teachers today can do more than value the original purpose; they can broaden and extend that purpose in new and remarkable directions, particularly in light of an important English Education development: an emerging interest in nuanced thesis statements and arguments.

Topic: Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
THE EFFECT OF LEVERAGE, INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP, AND BUSINESS STRATEGY ON TAX AVOIDANCE (CASE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN THE CONSUMPTION GOODS INDUSTRY PERIOD 2014-2019)

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of leverage, institutional ownership, and business strategy on tax avoidance of consumer goods industrial sector manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) under period 2014-2019. The results show that leverage and goods production and distribution have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance while institutional ownership and firm growth have a negative significant effect on tax avoidance. The findings imply that in the context of agency theory, firms shall use debts for tax avoidance in term to reduce the tax but the institutional ownerships tend to control the firm to avoid the tax avoidance.

Topic: Corporate Taxation and Avoidance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Ononis spinosa</i> alleviated capsaicin-induced mechanical allodynia in a rat model through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 modulation

<i>O. spinosa</i> alleviated CAPS-induced mechanical allodynia through 2 mechanisms: the direct modulation of TRPV1 and the involvement of β2 adrenoreceptor signaling.

Topic: Ion Channels and Receptors
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
GNDA: Detecting Good Neighbor Nodes in Adhoc Routing Protocol

With the popularization of Internet and formation of wireless technologies provide significant impact on Internet and Communication Technologies. These technologies have support of one of famous technique known as Adhoc Network. Adhoc Networks are assortment of mobile nodes connected by wireless links and also receiving attention in the scientific community. In adhoc networks, routes may be disconnected due to dynamic movement of nodes. So, route selection and topology combination is very difficult and challenging issue. Such networks are more vulnerable to both internal and external attacks due to presence of bad neighbor nodes. Observed problem affects performance of routing protocol in adhoc networks. In this paper, impact of bad neighbor nodes in adhoc routing is briefly discussed and proposed a method (GNDA) for identifying good neighbor nodes in the network. Besides, this approach is extended by adding extra parameters i.e. signal strength, flow capacity and relative position of a node in to the account. Proposed method optimizes the routing issues by using AODV. The result of this paper is an appropriate solution against neighbor attacks.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermochemische Untersuchungen zum ternären System Bi/Se/O. II. Das Teilsystem Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>– SeO<sub>2</sub>/Thermochemical Investigations on the Ternary System Bi/Se/O.II.The Binary System Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SeO<sub>2</sub>

We describe the existence of six thermodynamically stable phases on the binary line Bi 2 O 3 - SeO 2 at room temperature: Bi 12 SeO 20 , Bi 10 Se 2 O 19 , Bi 16 Se 5 O 34 , Bi 2 SeO 5 , Bi 2 Se 3 O 9 and Bi 2 Se 4 O 11 . At higher temperature we optained evidence for Bi 20 Se 3 O 36 and Bi 4 SeO 8 . The decomposition pressures were measured for all phases in a membrane zero manometer and the enthalpy of formation and the standard entropy was determined. The phase barogram and phase diagram followed from total pressure measurements and differential thermoanalysis. The standard enthalpies of formation of all phases were also derived from solution calorimetry. The necessary data of transitions on molar enthalpies were obtained by DSC- and Cp-measurements.

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences