jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Trypsin Inhibitor Activity during Germination of Lentils

The effect of light and seed rinsing during the germination of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris var. Vulgaris cv. Magda-20) on trypsin inhibitor activity (TLA) has been studied. TLA decreased progressively during germination, while hydration grade and light exposure had less influence on TIA. In general, there was no significant change in TLA after 3 days of germination, except when seeds were rinsed only once and the experiment was conducted in the dark, showing a 10% TLA decrease. Six-day germination produced TLA decreases from 7% to 18%. In this case, the number of rinses had no significant effect on the final TLA, but the activity of protease inhibitors was significantly higher in seeds illuminated for 6 h per day. Maximal TLA decreases were found in seeds germinated in darkness and rinsed daily. Under these optimum conditions, TLA first decreased slowly (12% loss of this activity after 6 days) followed by a faster decrease (up to 45% of control seeds values) after 10 days of germination.

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Switching-on Superparamagnetism in Mn/CdSe Quantum Dots

Mn ion doping of CdSe and other semimagnetic quantum dot (QDs) alloys has been an area of active speculation for over a decade. We report evidence of Mn(II) doping of CdSe grown from a cubic single source precursor that is superparamagnetic (SPM) with a blocking temperature of 40 K following thermal annealing. Prior to thermal annealing the 4 nm Mn/CdSe (1% Mn) QDs exhibit mainly paramagnetic behavior between 300 and 2 K, with a weak antiferromagnetic exchange. Following thermal annealing of the sample, high-temperature ferromagnetic exchange is observed in the magnetization data with the onset of an SPM phase at 40 K that exhibits a coercivity of 0.1 T at 2 K. The switching-on of SPM behavior is believed to be linked to ion migration with formation of (Se-Mn-Se-Mn-Se-Mn)n centers within the nanocrystal that exhibit coupled magnetic moments. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) provides evidence of two distorted T(d) Mn core sites, a clustered site (dipolar broadened), and a localized Mn site (hyperfine-split). The ratio of the EPR signature for the dipolar broadened site increases following annealing and shows a hysteretic response around the blocking temperature. These observations suggest that thermal annealing results in enhanced cluster formation explaining the onset of the SPM phase in these nanoscale materials. Evidence of SPM behavior is evident in the field-dependent non-Langevin magnetization with a tangential loss in the ac-magnetic susceptibility and the Mydosh parameter (phi = 0.16).

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SQUIRREL: Testing Database Management Systems with Language Validity and Coverage Feedback

Fuzzing is an increasingly popular technique for verifying software functionalities and finding security vulnerabilities. However, current mutation-based fuzzers cannot effectively test database management systems (DBMSs), which strictly check inputs for valid syntax and semantics. Generation-based testing can guarantee the syntax correctness of the inputs, but it does not utilize any feedback, like code coverage, to guide the path exploration. In this paper, we develop Squirrel, a novel fuzzing framework that considers both language validity and coverage feedback to test DBMSs. We design an intermediate representation (IR) to maintain SQL queries in a structural and informative manner. To generate syntactically correct queries, we perform type-based mutations on IR, including statement insertion, deletion and replacement. To mitigate semantic errors, we analyze each IR to identify the logical dependencies between arguments, and generate queries that satisfy these dependencies. We evaluated Squirrel on four popular DBMSs: SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL and MariaDB. Squirrel found 51 bugs in SQLite, 7 in MySQL and 5 in MariaDB. 52 of the bugs are fixed with 12 CVEs assigned. In our experiment, Squirrel achieves 2.4x-243.9x higher semantic correctness than state-of-the-art fuzzers, and explores 2.0x-10.9x more new edges than mutation-based tools. These results show that Squirrel is effective in finding memory errors of database management systems.

Topic: Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Trp64Arg Mutation in the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene on Weight Loss, Body Fat Distribution, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured body weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), adjusted resting metabolic rate, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (fasting glucose × fasting insulin/22.5), and HbA1c levels before and after 12 weeks of obesity treatment in 61 obese women with type 2 diabetes. The Mval polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Of obese type 2 diabetic patients, those with the mutation (n = 24) had a higher WHR (P &amp;lt; 0.001), a lower adjusted metabolic rate, and higher blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and HbA1c levels (P = 0.016). Furthermore, patients with the mutation had smaller decreases in body weight, WHR, insulin resistance index, and HbA1c levels after the weight-loss program compared with patients without the mutation (n = 37), even though food intake, exercise, and serum thyroid hormone levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These present findings show that the Trp64Arg allele of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene may predict difficulty in losing body weight, lowering WHR, and improving glycemic control and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Taraxastane‐Type Triterpene Saponins Isolated from Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd.

Abstract Two new taraxastane‐type triterpene saponins, named pittangretoside L (I) and C 1 (II), are isolated from the leaves of Pittosporum angustifolium.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genome size variation in the cladocera.

Dept. of Biological Sciences. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses &amp; Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1988 .B438. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1988.

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
STATUS OF GRAPE ROOT BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) MANAGEMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF CONTROL BY DISRUPTION OF MATING COMMUNICATION

A review is presented of the grape root borer (GRB) (<i>vitacea polistiformis</i> (Harris) biology, including both its geographic and host ranges, attempts to control the GRB, and a description of an integrated management system that may involve the most applicable combination of horticultural practices, tolerant (resistant) rootstocks, behavioral disruptants such as Z,Z-ODDA, microbial s, and as a last resort the use of insecticides. Preliminary data illustrated that the aerial release of Z,Z-3,13-octadecadien-l ol acetate, a synthetically produced component of the peachtree borer <i>synanthedon exitiosa</i> (Say) pheromone, altered or disrupted the close range (0 to 2 meters) flight orientation of the GRP males in search for calling GRB females.

Topic: Insect Pheromone Research and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Unfulfilled Promise of Pay-for-Performance Policies in Health Care

The presentation will also demonstrate how a pervasive bias can undermine the results of poorly designed studies of pay-for performance programs, published in even the world’s leading medical journals. It will also point to strong observational study designs, randomised trials and systematic reviews of the total body of evidence to find more trustworthy conclusions on the efficacy of pay-for-performance.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Predatory Leeches (Hirudinida) May Contribute to Amphibian Declines in the Lassen Region, California

Abstract Researchers have documented precipitous declines in Cascades Frog (Rana cascadae) populations in the southern portion of the species' range, in the Lassen region of California. Reasons for the declines, however, have not been elucidated. In addition to common, widespread causes, an understanding of local community interactions may be necessary to fully understand proximal causes of the declines. Based on existing literature and observations made during extensive aquatic surveys throughout the range of R. cascadae in California, we propose that a proliferation of freshwater leeches (subclass Hirudinida) in the Lassen region may be adversely affecting R. cascadae populations. Leeches may affect R. cascadae survival or fecundity directly by preying on egg and hatchling life stages, and indirectly by contributing to the spread of pathogens and secondary parasites. In 2007, we conducted focused surveys at known or historic R. cascadae breeding sites to document co-occurrences of R. cascadae and leeches, determine if leeches were preying on or parasitizing eggs or hatchlings of R. cascadae, and identify the leech species to establish whether or not they were native to the region. We found R. cascade at 4 of 21 sites surveyed and freshwater leeches at 9 sites, including all sites with R. cascadae. In 2007 and 2008, the predatory leech Haemopis marmorata frequented R. cascadae egg masses, was observed probing or tearing at eggs on 24 occasions, and was 10 times more common in 1-m2 plots centered on egg masses than in similar plots without egg masses. Six species of leech were identified from the Lassen region, only 3 of which have been documented from the region prior to this study. Given our documentation of a diverse freshwater leech fauna in direct association with a precipitously declining species, we believe a better understanding of the biology and ecology of this poorly studied taxon is needed, in addition to studies of the effects of freshwater leeches on survival and recruitment of co-occurring amphibians.

Topic: Leech Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Forecasting extreme events: making sense of noisy climate data in support of water resources planning

Abstract Global climate model (GCM) projections are generally considered the best source of information for predicting future climate and hydrologic conditions in the face of a changing climate. Understanding and interpreting GCM projections is therefore critical for water resources planning. Unfortunately, this can be a challenging task as climate model data, particularly precipitation data, are notoriously noisy with large scatter and lacking in apparent patterns or trends. There is also usually large projection variability between models and model scenarios. This paper demonstrates a simple, practical method for synthesizing climate model data into more informative metrics using case studies of Atlanta, Georgia and Austin, Texas. Monthly and daily GCM projections, as well as historical observations, were translated into commonly used summary metrics for extreme event planning: peak 24-hour storm events and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Statistical trend analyses on these two metrics were used as a simple means to better understand the data. As expected, results identified significant, increasing, trends in projected 21st century temperatures for most GCM projections. Less expectedly, significant trends were also identified for projected future monthly and 24-hour maximum precipitation and drought severity. Implications of this work for water resources planning are discussed.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The most significant lessons about the Most Significant Change technique

This article presents field-based insights into the application of the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique as a method to monitor social change resulting from a development intervention. Documentation of this innovative qualitative monitoring technique is slowly growing, but is mostly limited to grey literature. In particular, there is a lack of rigorous investigation to assess the complexities and challenges of applying the technique with integrity in the development context. The authors employ a conceptual model of monitoring and evaluation practicalities (the ‘M&E Data Cycle’) for a systematic examination of the challenges to, and key components of, successful application of the MSC technique. They provide a detailed analysis of how MSC was employed in two projects in Laos, extracting the lessons learned and insights generated. This practice-based information can inform future deployment of the MSC technique and contribute to its development

Topic: Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cyclobenzaprine

Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant used in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasms and used to relieve pain associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions and fibromyalgia. The metabolism of [ 14 C]‐cyclobenzaprine was investigated in healthy volunteers after either an oral or an intravenous (i.v.) 8.9‐mg dosing. As a result, two N ‐glucuronides were found as the major metabolites. Minor metabolites detected were an N‐demethylation product, a mono‐dehalogenation product, and a hydroxylation product.

Topic: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Teaching old drugs new tricks: reincarnating immunosuppressants as antifungal drugs.

Invasive fungal infections are rising worldwide as the number of immunocompromised patients increases. Unfortunately, our armamentarium of antifungal drugs is limited. Although current therapies are effective in treating some of the most prevalent infections, the development of novel treatments is vital because of emerging drug-resistant strains and species and because of the toxicity of certain current therapies. The immunosuppressive drugs CsA (cyclosporin A), FK-506 (tacrolimus) and rapamycin (sirolimus) exert potent antifungal effects against a variety of pathogenic fungi. These compounds are all currently in clinical use as immunosuppressive therapy to treat and prevent rejection of transplanted organs. Rapamycin is also in clinical trials as an antiproliferative agent for chemotherapy and invasive cardiology. Recent studies reveal a potent fungicidal synergism between azoles and the calcineurin inhibitors CsA and FK-506, and animal studies demonstrate that the CsA-fluconazole synergistic combination has therapeutic benefit. Less immunosuppressive analogs have been identified with potential to enhance current therapies, or as monotherapy without deleterious effects on the immune system. In summary, these highly successful pharmaceutical agents may find an even broader clinical application in combating infectious diseases.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Redistribution of granulopoiesis from extramedullary territories to bone marrow in a case of spent polycythemia treated with alkylating agents.

We report a case of splenectomized spent polycythemia, where under the influence of alkylating agents (busulfan or chlorambucil), a true redistribution of granulopoiesis appeared. Before treatment, granulopoiesis was confined to the liver (within the portal spaces and the sinusoids), whereas bone marrow was depleted of any hematopoiesis, being the site of a mutilating fibrosis; the blood concentration of granulomonocytic colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs) was high. After a year of discontinuous treatment an intense granulopoiesis was present in bone marrow, comprising more than 90% of the hematopoietic cells, whereas circulating colony-forming cells were low to nil. This phenomenon was long-lasting, since after another year of treatment, a third bone marrow biopsy revealed the persistence of an active granulopoiesis. During the last year of treatment, the treatment was continuous with chlorambucil. After 6 months a decrease in polymorph and platelet values appeared and treatment had to be interrupted. Death supervened one month after treatment interruption. Histological examination revealed the lack of any intrahepatic hematopoiesis whereas bone marrow granulopoiesis was active but presented gross maturation abnormalities. The results obtained in this case permit discussion of some aspects of the physiopathology of myelofibrosis, and particularly the genesis of extramedullary hematopoiesis in this clonal disease.

Topic: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Standard Evidence-Based Pharmacological Treatment for OCD

This chapter reviews standard pharmacological treatments for OCD and the evidence supporting them. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remain the pharmacological treatment of choice and are associated with improved health-related quality of life. Improvements are usually sustained over time as long as treatment is continued. Discontinuation is associated with relapse and loss of quality of life, implying that treatment should continue long-term. A substantial minority of patients who fail to respond to SSRIs may benefit from dose elevation, switch to clomipramine, or adjunctive antipsychotic, though long-term trials validating the effectiveness and tolerability of these strategies are relatively lacking.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Valley of Opportunity: Bringing Innovation to Venture Capital

Venture capital investing has been an unsatisfactory experience for many long-term institutional investors (LTIs). First, the asset class has not performed in line with expectations for more than a decade. For example, these investors have given more money to venture capitalists since 1997, in aggregate, than they have had in return over that period. Second, even among the top decile, managers that have demonstrated the (rare) ability to outperform VC benchmarks consistently, there have been few opportunities for newer or slower-moving investors to access their funds. As such, VC as an asset class has really only worked for those investors that were first in, such as endowments and family offices, because they have managed to hold on to their allocations at the top VCs. In large part, the challenges associated with this asset class stem from the fact that VC investing does not scale easily.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Membrane Remodelling in Phosphorus‐Deficient Plants

Abstract Phosphate deficiency results in alterations in the membrane lipid composition of plants, because phospholipids are replaced with nonphosphorous glycolipids. During phosphate deprivation, phospholipids are degraded by phospholipase D ( PLD ) and phosphatidate phosphatase ( PAP ), or by phospholipase C ( PLC ), resulting in the release of diacylglycerol, which is made available for glycolipid synthesis. Free phosphate is employed for essential cellular processes, including DNA and RNA synthesis. Expression of genes of galactolipid synthesis is induced in an auxin‐dependent manner during phosphate limitation. The galactolipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol ( DGDG ) accumulates under phosphate deprivation in plastidial and extraplastidial membranes. Furthermore, the two anionic glycolipids sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol accumulate in the chloroplast, as surrogates for phosphatidylglycerol. Further phosphate‐free glycolipids (glucosylceramide, sterol glucosides, acylated sterol glucosides) accumulate in the plasma membrane under phosphate deprivation. The replacement of phospholipids with glycolipids during phosphate starvation has already been established in some bacteria, and therefore represents an ancient, essential adaptation process to low‐phosphate conditions in the environment.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LE HAUT-PARLEUR ÉLECTRODYNAMIQUE : ESTIMATION DES PARAMÈTRES ÉLECTROACOUSTIQUES AUX BASSES FRÉQUENCES ET MODÉLISATION DE LA SUSPENSION.

At low frequencles, the electrodynamic loudspeaker is usually described using an equivalent electric circuit. Although the values of its elements are considered constant, they are actually frequency dependent and are a function of the environment of the device and its aging. As all these aspects can be extracted from the measurement of the electric impedance of the driver, we developed a high-resolution method based on a statistic identification of its impedance in the complex plane, leading to an efficient and accurate determination of the driver parameters. This should permit lmprovement of some aspects of the model, but also implementation of quallty controls in factories. Some aspects of the viscoelastlcity of the cone suspensions are then taken into account, using one more parameter, and leading to a better description of the linear behavior of the unit. The frequency domain of validity is also extended toward mid-frequencies by a description of the rim resonance using two more parameters.

Topic: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
“A People Made Holy to the Lord”Meals, Meat, and the Nature of Israel's Holiness in the Hebrew Bible

This chapter considers the Hebrew Bible's seemingly nonchalant attitude toward the food of foreigners. The Hebrew Bible emphasizes the distinction between “us” and “them”, and the superiority of Israelite religion over all others. Biblical texts that address dietary laws, moreover, consistently associate these regulations with Israel's distinctive identity. Because Israelites are holy, these texts declare, they must adhere to various norms regarding the consumption of flesh from formerly living creatures. Why, then, do these texts fail to prohibit the consumption of meat prepared by non-Israelites or, for that matter, the practice of eating with non-Israelites? The silence of Biblical law in this respect becomes even more perplexing when narrative references to instances in which Israelites consume food associated with foreigners are examined. The chapter surveys such references before turning its attention to the central question. It concludes with a brief discussion of impurity, a concept whose significance to the present study will become apparent in subsequent chapters.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences