jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Competition between bond rotations and intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer as studied by the use of isotope effects

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompetition between bond rotations and intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer as studied by the use of isotope effectsTheodore Cohen, Charles H. McMullen, and Katherine SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 24, 6866–6867Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01026a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01026a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Asian Crisis Project Country Report on Taiwan

Since the first eruption of the Asian crisis last July, the majority of Southeast Asian countries have been hit by stormy shocks from the regional crisis to their financial sectors; they also have encountered grave setbacks in production, consumption and investment. As a result, their economic growth has been stunted and possibly reversed. However, among Asian countries, Taiwan appears to be away from such economic chaos. Taiwan does not suffer serious structural problems that seem to have impacted the other Asian Tigers. The fact that Taiwan’s economy has incurred a loss of international investor confidence is simply due to Taiwan being located in the region. Taiwan's ability to weather the Asian financial crisis so far can be seen as an assertion of the soundness of its economic policies. Most important, the small fluctuation of the exchange rate and stock market, a higher saving rate, a surplus of account balance, higher foreign reserves, and no substantial external debts also contribute to the stability of Taiwan's economy.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance of Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Mutations in Uterine Serous Carcinoma

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a rare but aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer lacking efficacious treatments. USC bears molecular and pathological resemblance to high-grade serous ovarian cancer, for which mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes have been associated with better treatment outcomes with platinum-based chemotherapy and poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1/2 inhibitors (PARPi). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of tumor HRR (tHRR) gene mutations and its potential prognostic value in USC patients. Sixty consecutive USC patients with available tumor tissue samples and complete follow-up records were included. Tumor mutations in relevant HRR genes were identified using next-generation sequencing and correlated with the progress-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of the patients. Among the 60 patients’ USC, 22 (36.7%) carried tumor HRR gene mutations (tHRRmt), with ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 being the most frequently mutated genes. Survival analysis showed similar PFS (HR, 0.500; 95% CI, 0.203–1.232; p = 0.132), but significantly longer DSS in the tHRRmt patients than in the HRR gene wild-type (tHRRwt) patients (HR, 0.176; 95% CI, 0.050–0.626; p = 0.007). In FIGO stage III and IV patients, the tHRRmt group also displayed longer DSS than the tHRRwt group (p = 0.008). Notably, USC patients with abnormal p53 in our cohort, both PFS and DSS were significantly longer in the tHRRmt group over the tHRRwt group (p = 0.040 and p = 0.008, respectively). The HRR gene mutations are highly prevalent in USC and may be related to better clinical outcomes as a prognostic marker. Further study is needed to confirm whether tHRRmt patients may benefit from treatments targeting homologous recombination such as platinum and PARPi.

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is Pilonidal disease variant of Hidradenitis Suppurativa? Study in a peripheral general hospital

<strong>Pilonidal disease and hidradenitis suppurativa are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect young patients and can have a serious impact on their quality of life. The association between them was frequently reported but not well documented. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of inflammatory skin lesions located in the intergluteal fold and axillae of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa and those with pilonidal disease. In retrospective manner the study based on data collection from records of a cohort of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa without histopathology and patients with pilonidal diseases with or without histopathology who had been managed in Almikhwah General Hospital, KSA during the period from January 2014 to April 2020. A total of 391 patients were recruited, 224(57.3%) with pilonidal diseases (Group A) and 167 (42.7%) with hidradenitis suppurativa diseases (Group B). Their mean age was 27.5 years (p=0.3). In group A, the lesions were found in sacrococcygeal region whereas in group B, it was found in axillae and sacrococcygeal region. Coincidences of the diseases were observed in 79 (20.2%) patients. In conclusion, it should be borne in mind that the pilonidal sinus can be a non-localized type of hidradenitis suppurativa.</strong>

Topic: Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Treatments
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inbreeding in Chinese fir: Insights into the adaptive growth traits of selfed progeny from mRNA, miRNA, and copy number variation

Abstract Premise The impact of inbreeding on biological processes is well documented in individuals with severe inbreeding depression. However, the biological processes influencing the adaptive growth of normal selfed individuals are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate how inbreeding affects gene expression for adaptive growth of normal selfed seedlings from a self‐fertilizing parent in Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ). Methods Using RNA‐seq data from above‐ and underground tissues of abnormal and normal selfed seedlings, we analyzed GO biological processes network. We also sequenced small RNAs in the aboveground tissues and measured the copy number variations (CNV) of the hub genes. Results Phenotypic fitness analysis revealed that the normal seedlings were better adapted than their abnormal counterparts. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with development processes, and downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in fundamental metabolism and stress response. Results of mRNA‐miRNA parallel sequencing revealed that upregulated target genes were predominantly associated with development, highlighting their crucial role in phosphorylation in signal transduction networks. We also discovered a moderate correlation (0.1328 &lt; R 2 &lt; 0.6257) between CNV and gene expression levels for three hub genes ( TMKL1 , GT2 , and RHY1A ). Conclusions We uncovered the key biological processes underpinning the growth of normal selfed seedlings and established the relationship between CNV and the expression levels of hub genes in selfed seedlings. Understanding the candidate genes involved in the growth of selfed seedlings will help us comprehend the genetic mechanisms behind inbreeding depression in the evolutionary biology of plants.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of a new CENPB epitope array for systemic sclerosis-associated centromere autoantibodies

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA). The ANA classically detected in SSc include anticentromere antibodies (ACA) which are positive in 50-60% of the patients. The centromere protein CENPB is a major autoantigen reactive with SSc sera showing a typical immunofluorescence staining pattern. Previously, epitopes on CENPB were identified in the N-terminal (Nt) and C-terminal (Ct) domains of the autoantigen and this form the rationale for an specific multi-parallel detection of CENPB epitopes in SSc. Using recombinant CENPB Nt and Ct domains we have developed a new fluorescent array immunoassay for ACA detection in SSc patients. 81 sera from patients with SSc, SLE and normal controls were evaluated. From 27 ACA positive sera tested, 25 were CENPB positive by ECL blot techniques. Among them our fluorescent array showed 23 Nt-CENPB and 12 Ct-CENPB positives. 10 Ct-CENPB were also Nt-CENPB positive by the array assay. 13 Nt-CENPB were Ct-CENPB negative and only 2 Ct-CENPB positive sera were Nt-CENPB negative. This result shows a prevalence of Nt-CENPB epitope over Ct-CENPB in ACA positive SSc patients. The CENPB fluorescent array developed has good agreement with conventional techniques for selected ACA and has the advantage of multi-parallel detection of CENPB autoepitopes in SSc. © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Topic: Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Long-term Comparison of Robotic and Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Objective: To compare long-term outcomes between robotic and LG approaches using propensity score weighting based on a generalized boosted method to control for selection bias. Summary of Background Data: Minimally invasive surgical approaches for GC are increasing, yet limited evidence exists for long-term outcomes of robotic gastrectomy (RG). Methods: Patients (n = 2084) with GC stages I-III who underwent LG or RG between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed. Generalized boosted method was used to estimate a propensity score derived from all available preoperative characteristics. Long-term outcomes were compared using the adjusted Kaplan-Meier method and the weighted Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: After propensity score weighting, the population was balanced. Patients who underwent RG showed reduced blood loss (16 mL less, P = 0.025), sufficient lymph node harvest from the initial period, and no changes in surgical outcomes over time. With 52-month median follow-up, no difference was noted in 5-year overall survival in unweighted [91.5% in LG vs 94% in RG; hazard ratio (HR), 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46–1.1; P = 0.126] and weighted populations (94.2% in LG vs 93.2% in RG; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.52–1.48; P = 0.636). There were no differences in 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), with unweighted 5-year RFS of 95.4% for LG and 95.2% for RG (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.55–1.64; P = 0.845) and weighted 5-year RFS of 96.3% for LG and 95.3% for RG (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.66–2.33; P = 0.498). Conclusions: After balancing covariates, RG demonstrated reliable surgical outcomes from the beginning. Long-term survival after RG and LG for GC was similar.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Holistic nursing management of pain and suffering: a historical view with contemporary applications.

Nursing is rooted in caring for those who suffer and experience pain. As nursing has grown through the ages, technological advances and socioeconomic changes have required nurses to adapt as they continue to provide holistic, patient-centered care. Over the past century, nursing practice has been dominated by Western medical culture, resulting in a relegation of the caring-healing practices of nurses to the margins of healthcare delivery. Recent changes in the ontology of caring-healing practices are rooted in a new knowledge of complimentary practices. Advancements in behavioral sciences and the neurobiology of pain and suffering, together with an acceptance of Eastern and other healing practices, have enriched and enlightened our understanding of pain management. The recent growth of self-help and support programs has enlightened the healthcare consumer in choosing treatments. Contemporary clinical practice may now include methods that reflect the interconnectedness between the mind and body, such as biofeedback, healing touch, aromatherapy, progressive relaxation, meditation, and behavioral therapy. This article examines the historical concepts of pain and suffering that have influenced the approach to pain management and describes significant holistic methods that may be utilized by the nurse in managing pain.

Topic: Empathy and Medical Education
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #9: Using Altmetrics to Demonstrate Scholarly Impact

The March 2014 Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk focuses on the use of alternative metrics or altmetrics to demonstrate scholarly impact. Altmetrics are defined and their possible uses are explored. PlumX by Plum Analytics, an altmetrics measuring and visualization tool, is demonstrated. The PlumX widget for demonstrating altmetrics is demonstrated as well and examples of impact for Pitt research are given. The Toolbox Tip for this presentation features an overview of the PlumX interface.

Topic: Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Nicotine use in individuals with schizophrenia and its relation with clinical severity

Background: Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with diverse clinical presentations and comorbidities. Comorbid nicotine use worsens the clinical symptomatology, predisposes the individuals to other chronic illnesses, and is associated with poorer outcomes in schizophrenia. It is thus clinically essential to assess the presence of tobacco use, the severity of nicotine dependence, and its correlation with psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. Aims and Objectives: (i) To describe the pattern of tobacco use and severity of nicotine dependence in schizophrenia patients. (ii) To compare the socio-demographic variables and symptom severity of schizophrenia between tobacco users and non-users. (iii) To determine the correlation between the severity of nicotine dependence and clinical and nicotine related variables in patients of schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary care level psychiatric hospital in the northeast of India. The study included 100 male schizophrenia patients. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and FTND - Smokeless Tobacco, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale five-factor model was used for assessment of the severity of nicotine dependence and symptoms of Schizophrenia, respectively. Results: 70% of the study sample used some form of tobacco. The severity of nicotine dependence was significantly higher in patients using both forms of tobacco. Tobacco use was significantly associated with lower educational status, employment status, and positive symptoms of Schizophrenia. Finally, the severity of nicotine dependence was significantly correlated with the severity of positive and emotional symptoms of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Higher positive and emotional symptoms of schizophrenia predicted severity of nicotine use. Study needs to be replicated in larger population of patients suffering from schizophrenia.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of community - based monitoring under NRHM in Nainital district of Uttarakhand

Background: The government of India started the Community-Based Monitoring (CBM) under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) which allow the community and its representatives to directly give feedback about the functioning of public health services. Uttarakhand was the 10th state where CBM system under NRHM implemented in 2010 in all 13 districts as pilot project. Objective: To assess the composition and training of Community Monitoring Groups (CMGs) at sub-centre and block level, the capability of the CMG to prepare the report card at sub-centre and facility score card at PHC and to study the improvement in quantitative aspects of health services in study areas. Methodology: This community based prospective study was carried out in two selected Haldwani and Bhimtal blocks of Nainital district. The period of study was from July 2011 to June 2013. Multi-stage random sample design was adopted to select 54 CMG members.  Results: About 91% CMG members belong to General Category. Out of 54 CMG members, majority 45(83.3%) had received training and among them 80% did not have clarity about training guideline. The activities of preparing Report cards, Facility score cards and conducting Jan-Sunwais were done once in a year. Concurrent reductions in yellow (partially satisfactory) and red (bad) rating of series were not seen in 2011-12 to 2012-13 at all centres. Conclusion: The composition and training of the CMGs at all sub-centres and at PHCs were not as per guidelines of NRHM. The activities of preparing the Report card, the Facility score card and conducting Jan-sunwais were not done as per guidelines by NRHM. Majority of sub-centre indicators scored yellow colour and only few scored green.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
221 Family with sequence similarity 83, member a attenuates aggressive properties of cervical cancer

<h3>Objectives</h3> FAM83A is recently found to be overexpressed in cancer and hypothesized to be oncogenic. This study is to illustrate the functional role and mechanism of FAM83A in cervical cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> 153 different clinical cervical specimens were used for validation by SYBR Green RT-qPCR and IHC. Cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were done for functional validation. RNA-seq approach was applied to investigate the altered genes regulated by FAM83A. <h3>Results</h3> We found FAM83A is overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues. However, the expression of FAM83A was instead decreased in patients with advanced FIGO stage, deep stromal invasion, poor differentiation and/or lymph node metastasis, and negatively associated with short survival of patients with cervical cancer. We found knockdown of FAM83A increased cervical cancer cell proliferation, promoted cell migration and invasion. We further identified 192 genes that were changed in the context of FAM83A knockdown. KEGG pathway analysis showed ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling and TNF signaling were the main activated pathways. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We conclude that FAM83A exerts an unexpected tumor suppressive role in cervical cancer progression.

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Convalescent Plasma Therapy: A Century Old Technique for COVID-19 (Preprint)

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> It has been proved that the current COVID-19 pandemic can be loosely bound to its predecessor outbreaks i.e. SARS and MERS. No vaccine or approved treatment is available for either coronavirus. At present, COVID-19 has infected 2,436,743 people in over 200 countries with unprecedented transmission rate. Healthcare workers in China initiated treatment of clinically worsening COVID-19 patients with a traditional method of passive immunity i.e. transfusion of plasma recovered from COVID-19 recuperated patients. According to available medical data, this technique is routinely favored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has been in use since 1890 for combatting newly emerging infectious diseases, most commonly of a viral origin. Exploration of studies carried out on Convalescent Plasma and its effectiveness in the past steered our path to theorize the possibility of reducing mortality with convalescent plasma therapy and put together reviewed evidence to support our rallying efforts for enlisting this in the official treatment protocol of COVID-19. </sec>

Topic: COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A System for Determining the Priority of Referrals within a Multidisciplinary Community Mental Health Team

The high level of demand for community mental health services implies a need for allocating priority to referrals. Pressure to achieve this has been apparent in the British national health and social services since reorganisation in 1991. What has been less clear Is how this could be carried out within individual services. The project arose in response to increasing referrals to a local community mental health team from general practitioner fund holders, leading to unacceptable waiting times for clients. A questionnaire was sent to all 49 general practitioners serving the area, of whom 35 responded. The survey was designed to gain information about the factors influencing referral to the service and the levels of satisfaction with the intervention provided. The results highlighted an urgent need to reduce waiting times and to target clients with greatest need more effectively. This information led to the development of a system to assess priority of referral. The system, still in use, assesses five components: level of distress, level of functioning, suicidal intent, motivation and contact with other services. Scores are allocated to each section. An overall score determines the client's starting point on the waiting list. Additional points are accrued during waiting times ensuring that movement up the list is continuous.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Technology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences