jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF <i>LIMOTHRIPS DENTICORNIS</i> HALIDAY (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) EGGS ON SPRING BARLEY

Abstract The within-plant spatial distribution of Limothrips denticornis Haliday eggs on spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Dakota was examined during the growing seasons of 1987 and 1988. In both years, most eggs were found during inflorescence emergence (growth stages 10–10.5 on the Feekes scale), although eggs were detected both prior to and after these growth stages. Once inflorescence emergence was initiated, over 8.5% of the eggs were found in the top two leaf sheaths, with the majority in the flag leaf sheath. Over all barley growth stages, significantly more eggs ( P ≤0.05) were found in the middle third than in either the top or bottom third of the flag leaf sheath. No difference ( P ≥0.05) in the within-sheath location of eggs on lower leaves was detected.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Date: ~O fl\\&amp;apos;Pr~~=c

Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Autworks: a cross-disease analysis application for Autism and related disorders.

Background: Motivated in part by the genetic heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its overlap in behavior with other diseases, we tested the concept that more insight can be gained from the study of the network of ASD candidate genes than can be gained from the study of single genes alone, and in particular, the hypothesis that “knowledge links” to other related neurological disorders will add important context to identify novel candidate genes for experimental testing.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films

Abstract Imparting flame retardancy without melt dripping in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a challenging task. In the current work, a series of pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based flame retardants (FRs labeled FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4) were synthesized, and their suitability for TPU thin films (&lt;100 micron) was explored. Vertical flammability tests revealed that a blend of FR2 and TPU at 2% phosphorous content exhibited excellent flame suppression and complete stoppage of melt dripping whereas samples prepared from FR1 showed reduced melt drips. In comparison to FR1 and FR2, FR3 and FR4 manifested excessive nonflamed melt drips, which helps in removal of heat from the combustion cycle and self‐extinguishment. The limiting oxygen index value of flame retardant (FRTPU) blends reached up to 33.5% compared to 19% for pure TPU. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that blends of TPU with FR1 and FR2 display high char residue and condensed phase mechanism, whereas FR3 and FR4 blends show low char residue, working in the gas phase and by the removal of polymer from flame zone through melt dripping phenomena.

Topic: Flame retardant materials and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stability of boost converter connected to a photovoltaic panel

The photovoltaic panels have been used widely in distributed power generation. This is because of the reason that they provide clean and cheap form of energy. Various converter topologies are employed in order to connect these sources to the grid. But these converters are designed to work under a constant voltage source. Hence when they are connected to a variable voltage source like photovoltaic panel their behaviors may not be as expected. In this project the stability of a closed loop boost converter that is fed from a photovoltaic panel is explored. To regulate the output, voltage feedback technique is used. The simulation is done by using PSPICE. The experimental results for stability analysis of boost converter obtained in both software and hardware are presented here. This knowledge will help in designing the converters that remain stable throughout the range of incident solar radiation.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; anti-MRSA activities of nosokomycins

The anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of nosokomycins A to D discovered in the silkworm-MRSA infection screening was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of nosokomycins for authentic MRSA and S. aureus strains were calculated to be 0.06 to 2.0 μg/mL. They also showed potent inhibitory activity against 54 clinically isolated MRSA strains. Furthermore, nosokomycin A proved effective in the mouse-MRSA infection model.

Topic: Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
The Templars' Estates in the West of Britain in the Early Fourteenth Century

This article represents a progress report on my research into the Templars’ properties in England and Wales, as recorded after the arrests of the Templars in Britain and Ireland and preserved in the UK National Archives at Kew. The detailed descriptions of the Templars’ properties drawn up when the Templars in England and Wales were arrested, combined with the accounts for their properties made by royal officials, permit a unique insight into agricultural practice, production and employment during the period 1308–13, and into the operation of this religious order, its religious life and role in wider society. The goal of this research is to publish the records for England and Wales (the records from Ireland were published in 1967), to make them available to all scholars with an interest in medieval estate records; but with the particular intention of establishing exactly how wealthy or poverty-stricken the Templars in England and Wales were in 1308, and what property the Hospitallers actually inherited in 1313. This article considers the evidence from the Templars’ property in the western extremes of Britain: in Herefordshire, Wales, Cornwall and Cumbria, to establish how they operated their estates, whom they employed and on what terms, and their commercial and financial transactions.
The evidence discussed here reveals the Templar estates in Herefordshire and the western extremes of England and Wales as profitable concerns, which employed men and women for specific tasks such as carter and cook, and also as farm labourers. The Templars also employed a small number of skilled men, chaplains, clerks and some household servants, through the corrody system. Overall there were very few Templars in proportion to a large number of support staff. Crops grown and animals raised varied from area to area depending on what was most suited to local soil and climate, but everywhere the Templars also received rents from their tenants. The Templars were flexible in how they operated their estates: in Herefordshire they kept some land in demesne and administered it directly themselves, in South Wales there was some land in demesne worked by unfree tenants, but the Templars also leased out land; this may also have been the case at Temple Sowerby in Cumbria. At Temple in Cornwall, which was distant from any Templar administrative centre, their land was entirely leased out to tenants. In Worcestershire, a bailiff was employed by the royal custodian to oversee the running of two manors; it is unclear whether the Templars had also employed a bailiff, but it would have been a reasonable way of administering these manors where no Templars were resident.

Topic: Medieval History and Crusades
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Undiagnosed Acute Viral Febrile Illnesses, Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone in West Africa is in a Lassa fever-hyperendemic region that also includes Guinea and Liberia. Each year, suspected Lassa fever cases result in submission of ≈500-700 samples to the Kenema Government Hospital Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory in eastern Sierra Leone. Generally only 30%-40% of samples tested are positive for Lassa virus (LASV) antigen and/or LASV-specific IgM; thus, 60%-70% of these patients have acute diseases of unknown origin. To investigate what other arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viral diseases might cause serious illness in this region and mimic Lassa fever, we tested patient serum samples that were negative for malaria parasites and LASV. Using IgM-capture ELISAs, we evaluated samples for antibodies to arthropod-borne and other hemorrhagic fever viruses. Approximately 25% of LASV-negative patients had IgM to dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, chikungunya, Ebola, and Marburg viruses but not to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lessons Learned from Fortune 100 Companies on Job Applicant Attraction

This research identifies which recruitment characteristics attract potential user interest on social media network LinkedIn, measured by the number of likes the posting received on LinkedIn. This research provides an insight on the recruitment message’s content, form, and function. We contribute to the existing research on social media with practical recommendations. This fills a gap in the recruitment literature, which has been criticized for being too theoretical and lacking practical relevance by focusing not only on the theory but also on the social media behavior of successful employers in practice. To answer our research question, we conducted content analysis using 2020 corporate LinkedIn postings of the Fortune Magazine 100 “Best companies to work for”. We developed a list of 15measures to identify the job- and organizational attractiveness, organized around three main categories: content, form, and function. We found the specific elements of form, function and success on LinkedIn that contributes to user interaction. In terms of content, challenging and interesting work, prestige of the job, company reputation and location contributed to user interaction, whereas the mention of supportive, competent and warm coworkers, did not contribute to user interaction and the description of the job position as prestigious contributed negatively. We found that the form elements of picture, color and audio/video, functional elements of questions contribute to more user interaction. Furthermore, while salary and opportunities for improvement are improvement job selection criteria highlighted in the literature, the practice of Fortune 100 companies show that for the user interaction in social hiring, they are not included. Lastly, the use of links negatively influenced user interaction on social media. Our study confirms the importance of content, form, and function in relation to job and organizational attractiveness on social media. We provide a practical insight into which elements of content, form and function to use for successful online recruitment efforts on LinkedIn.

Topic: Employer Branding and e-HRM
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Browning in Ethanolic Solutions of Ascorbic Acid and Catechin

Nonenzymatic browning occurs readily in alcoholic beverages and degrades their color quality. Ascorbic acid degradation in the presence of phenolic compounds is a major browning pathway in alcoholic beverages with fruit or fruit juice as the raw material or an ingredient. In the present study ethanolic solutions of ascorbic acid and catechin were prepared to simulate the alcoholic beverages. Ascorbic acid degradation and browning in these model solutions were investigated. Glycerol solutions with the same water activity (A(w)) values as those of the ethanolic model solutions were used as controls in the evaluation of browning rate. Results showed that the aerobic degradation of ascorbic acid dominates over the anaerobic one in ethanolic solutions, that the browning rate decreases as the ethanol concentration increases, that the compound 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone may not be a good indicator of browning in ethanolic ascorbic acid-catechin solutions, and that A(w) is a major factor responsible for the difference in the browning rate among ascorbic acid-catechin solutions with different ethanol concentrations.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
OPEN GOVERNMENT AND THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE UNITED STATES

The promotion of transparency has long been identified with the goal of holding democratic governments (and sometimes the private sector) responsible. In recent years, advocates of “open government” have argued that, beyond mere accountability, transparency can be a positive instrument of public policy — a means of shaping social and economic behavior that differs qualitatively from fiscal incentives or regulatory punishments. Yet while transparency initiatives are easy enough to enact, they often fail to reshape the incentives of key actors, including government agencies and market players subject to disclosure rules, and hence fail to ignite meaningful changes in the direction or scope of public policy. And in some cases, policymakers have also developed powerful new tools to restrict the flow of information, which remain outside the purview of sunshine laws altogether.

Topic: Corruption and Economic Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Compounded soil with Feldspathic sandstone and Sand On Physical and Chemical Characters and Yield

In order to study the optimal ratio of compound suitable for crop growth ,analyzed physical and chemical Characters and crop yield of compounded soil with feldspathic sandstone and Sand (proportion: 1:1, 1:2, 1:5) by plot test.The results showed that as the content of feldspathic sandstone decrease, the texture changes from sandy loam to loamy sand, water-holding ability is abate, 1:2 compound soil's density is small, big graded aggregation mass is high in the water stability aggregation, so the soil structure stability is strong.Different proportion of soil's average pH is 8.36, effective phosphorus content is high and the total nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter content is low in soil after one year plant ,1:2 compound soil is high and balanced nutrient content.The adaptability of different crops to compound soil is different, the yield was higher in 1:2 and 1:5.

Topic: Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Optimal assignment of wavelengths to the paths of a network&lt;/title&gt;

The assignment of wavelengths to the paths of wavelength division multiplexing/optical frequency division multiplexing networks (wavelength allocation) is analyzed and the applicability of mathematical methods (optimization) is discussed.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Physicians want transparency as Guidant lawsuits grow

Canadian physicians who implant cardiac defibrillators are calling on Guidant Corporation and other manufacturers to notify doctors and patients as soon as device failures occur. ![Figure][1]</img> Figure. This implantable cardiac defibrillator is central to a Canadian class-action lawsuit.

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Levels of Evidence in the Clinical Sports Medicine Literature

Background: There has been an increased emphasis on improving the level of evidence used as the basis for clinical treatment decisions. Several journals now require a statement of the level of evidence as a basic gauge of the study’s strength. Purpose: To review the levels of evidence in published articles in the clinical sports medicine literature and to determine if there has been an improvement in the levels of evidence published over the past 15 years. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: All articles from the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 in The American Journal of Sports Medicine ( AJSM), Arthroscopy, and sports medicine–related articles from The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery–American ( JBJS-A) were analyzed. Articles were categorized by type and ranked for level of evidence according to guidelines from the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Excluded were animal, cadaveric, and basic science articles; editorials; surveys; special topics; letters to the editor; and correspondence. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square. Results: A total of 1580 articles over the 4 periods met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of level 1 and 2 studies increased from 6.8% to 12.6%, 22.9%, and 23.5%, respectively ( P &lt; .0001), while level 4 and 5 studies decreased from 78.9% to 72.4%, 63.9%, and 53.0% ( P &lt; .0001). JBJS-A had a significant increase in level 1 and 2 studies (4.1%, 5.1%, 28.2%, 27.8%; P &lt; .0001), as did AJSM (9.4%, 17.1%, 36.1%, 30.1%; P &lt; .0001). Arthroscopy showed no significant change over time. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic studies all showed significant increases in level 1 and 2 studies over time ( P &lt; .05). Conclusion: There has been a statistically significant increase in the percentage of level 1 and 2 studies published in the sports medicine literature over the past 15 years, particularly in JBJS-A and AJSM. The largest increase was seen in diagnostic studies, while therapeutic and prognostic studies demonstrated modest improvement. The emphasis on increasing levels of evidence to guide treatment decisions for sports medicine patients may be taking effect.

Topic: Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fractionating the Word Repetition Effect with Event-Related Potentials

Abstract Word repetition has been a staple paradigm for both psycholinguistic and memory research; several possible loci for changes in behavioral performance have been proposed. These proposals are discussed in light of the event-related brain potential (ERP) data reported here. ERPs were recorded as subjects read nonfiction articles drawn from a popular magazine. The effects of word repetition were examined in this relatively natural context wherein words were repeated as a consequence of normal discourse structure. Three distinct components of the ERP were found to be sensitive to repetition: a positive component peaking at 200 msec poststimulus, a negative one at 400 msec (N400), and a later positivity. The components were differentially sensitive to the temporal lag between repetitions, the number of repetitions, and the normative frequency of the eliciting word. The N400 responded similarly to repetition in text as it has in experimental lists of words, but the late positivity showed a different pattern of results than in list studies.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Determinant of Audit Report Lag Among Mining Companies In Indonesia

Time period in completing the audit work until the date of publishing audit report is called audit report lag. BAPEPAM requires each of going-public companies to publish their annual reports not later than three months after the fiscal year ends. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of profitability, solvency, company size, audit opinion, and size of public accounting firm on audit report lag at mining companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2013-2017. As many as 12 samples were obtained through purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was the multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the profitability and company size negatively affected the audit report lag, while the other variables, such as solvency, audit opinion, and size of public accounting firm, had no significant effect on the audit report. The result of simultaneous test showed that all independent variables influenced audit report lag with 32.8% of determination coefficient.

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
An Investigation on the Probability of Spontaneous Conversion to Sinus Rhythm in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) can occur in up to 33% of patients after cardiac surgery. Using data from continuous monitoring devices we investigate the probability of spontaneous conversion in sinus rhythm (SR).

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of Age, Sex, Etiology, and Hearing Loss on Balance Performance by Deaf Children

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age, sex, etiology, and degree of hearing loss on the static and dynamic balance performance of hearing impaired children and youth ( N = 132), ages 3 to 14 yr. The subjects were individually assessed on Items 2 and 7 of Subtest 2 of the Short Form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. As expected, performance on both tasks improved with chronological age. In comparing the performance of subjects by etiology, only one significant difference emerged; those with genetic deafness were superior on static balance to those whose deafness was idiopathic. However, the mean scores for the genetic group were superior for both balance tasks. The sex of the child as well as extent of hearing loss did not affect performance in either task.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences