jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Memories of Millions

In the 1980s acceptance of the reality and impact of child sexual abuse in the press and in society was high. Yet as more people started to accuse their alleged perpetrators, often family members, of sexual abuse during their childhood, a narrative began to develop in the early 1990s that memories of early sexual abuse could be false. This allowed the alleged perpetrator to become the victim and the person who was accusing them to be seen as acting on false and created memories of events that never occurred. This false memory narrative was fostered by the False Memory Syndrome Foundation and its $7.75M PR campaign along with the "lost in a mall" study (Loftus & Pickrell, 1995). The media ran with it, which changed societal perceptions about the reality and impact of childhood sexual abuse. Survivors were generally silenced with the idea that therapists were creating wholesale memories of clients being sexual abused in childhood by family members and others. This narrative meant that millions of adults molested as children could be told their accusations were and are false memories.

Topic: Memory Processes and Influences
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Presenting a Causal Model for Depression in Adolescents Based on the Relationship Between Parenting Styles Through the Mediating Role of Parent-Adolescence Conflict

Presenting a Causal Model for Depression in Adolescents Based on the Relationship Between Parenting Styles Through the Mediating Role of Parent-Adolescence Conflict

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Wideband ipsilateral measurements of middle-ear muscle reflex thresholds in children and adults

The goals of the current study were to: 1) evaluate the feasibility of a new wideband approach to measuring middle-ear muscle reflex (MEMR) status, and 2) to test the hypothesis that ipsilateral thresholds elicited with 1 or 2kHz tones and broadband noise activators on a wideband acoustic transfer function (WATF) system are lower than thresholds elicited on a clinical system. Clinical MEMR tests have limitations, including the need for high activator levels to elicit a shift in a narrowband probe (e.g., a 0.226 or 1kHz tone). Wideband MEMR tests using WATFs may elicit the reflex at lower levels because a wideband probe (click) is used and the threshold detection criterion can be wideband. Mean wideband MEMR thresholds across 40 normal-hearing adult ears were 2.2–4.0dB lower than clinical MEMR thresholds, depending on the activator and specific WATF test used (admittance magnitude or energy reflectance). Wideband MEMR has potential clinical utility beyond the adult population, including use in newborn and preschool hearing screenings. In a newborn hearing screening, for example, wideband MEMR could be completed with the same system as otoacoustic emissions. However, further investigations in infants and young children are needed.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficacy of plant essential oils on post-harvest control of rot caused by<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>on kiwi fruits

Antifungal activity of the essential oils of Carum carvi and Pimpinella anisum against Botrytis cinerea fruit rot of key kiwi fruit was studied. In vitro experiments, antifungal activities of essential oils were tested on potato dextrose agar media. Results of an in vitro experiment showed that these essential oils, at all applied concentrations, inhibited grey mould growth. Black caraway essential oil at concentrations of 600 and 800 μL L−1 inhibited germination spores of grey mould. Then, the fruits were artificially inoculated with a suspension at 1 × 105 conidia/ml and then treated with different concentrations of these essential oils. The results of in vivo conditions showed that black caraway and anise essential oils applied at all concentrations were increasing the shelf life and inhibited the grey mould growth on kiwi fruits completely in comparison to control. The result showed that black caraway and anise oils at a concentration of 800 μL L−1 had higher total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity and antioxidant content compared to untreated fruits.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Vascular tone in adolescents with autonomic vascular dysfunction of hypotensive type (according to the data of tetrapolar rheovasography)].

408 teenagers at the age of 11-14 y.o. have been investigated. All of them underwent tetrapolar longitudinal reovasography. 339 were found with hypotensive type vegetovascular dysfunction. It was established, that the vascular component plays an essential part in genesis of vegetovascular disfunction; vessels are losing their elasticity, that leads to decreasing of vascular tone, blood filling of some parts of the body, decelerating pulse-wave velocity, at the end transforming in steady decreasing of arterial tension.

Topic: Human Health and Disease
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Year of HIV Diagnosis for 88 Male Inmates (Seroconverters) Who Became Infected with HIV During Incarceration, Georgia State Prison System, United States, 1988–2005.

&lt;p&gt;Year of HIV Diagnosis for 88 Male Inmates (Seroconverters) Who Became Infected with HIV During Incarceration, Georgia State Prison System, United States, 1988–2005.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Fending off automated mass electronic mail: How to distinguish yourself from a computer

Is there a way for e-mail addresses to be openly available, if their owners so desire, on the Net, yet preventing the current practice of harvesting email-addresses by the thousands for unsolicited email advertisements? I propose a solution, and examine the phenomenology of mass e-mail in a somewhat broader context.

Topic: Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Anti-hemorrhoidal plants in Iranian traditional medicine

Background and objectives: Hemorrhoidal disease is a prevalent anorectal condition that is explained as the symptomatic expansions and displacements of the normal hemorrhoidal cushions. Symptomatic hemorrhoids affect more than one million individuals in the western world every year. Hemorrhoids is a well-known disease in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). Avicenna and other Iranian traditional practitioners have exactly defined this condition in their manuscripts and herbal therapy was the main treatment that was recommended. In the present study, medicinal plants with hemorrhoids healing properties in ITM have been investigated. Method: ITM textbooks including “Al Qanun fi al-tibb (Canon of medicine)”, “Al-Havi (Liber continent)”, “Alabnie an haghaegh ol advieh (the Book of remedies)”, “Al-jami li-mufradat al-adviya va al-aghziya”, “Ikhtiyarat‑e‑ badiyee”, “Tohfat-ol-momenin” and “Makhzan ol advieh were searched to find the most used herbs. Results: Some of obtained plants such as Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl., Phyllantus emblica L. and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.,were the most used herbs. Conclusion: these plants could be introduced as the good resources for future studies in order to produce novel drugs.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A CLINICAL STUDY ON BEDSIDE ELECTIVE OPEN TRACHEOSTOMY IN ICU OF A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN KERALA

INTRODUCTION: Tracheostomy is a common procedure performed in critically ill ventilator-dependent patients to provide long-term airway access.About 10% of the ICU patients require prolonged mechanical ventilation and hence a tracheostomy is needed.Early bedside tracheostomy in such patients reduces the length of stay in ICU and number of days on ventilator by facilitating weaning.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This prospective clinical study aims to study the results of early versus late Tracheotomy in critically ill patients of ICU and other Emergency wards.This study also aims to observe and analyze the outcomes of bedside open tracheostomy, in relation to its safety, complications, and duration of hospital stay; mortality and problems of decannulations.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study done in Govt.Medical College, Calicut from Jan 2013 to June 2014 and includes all the patients in ICU's and wards who underwent bedside tracheostomy by open surgical method during the study period.Results:The study sample consisted of 60 patients in the age group of 15-75 years.41(68%) males and 19(32%) females.The main indication for tracheostomy is prolonged ventilation (90%).Patients with head Injury fared better than with neurological diseases in our study, with a statistical significance.(P value-0.02).Mortality is 53.33%.One patient died directly as a result of the procedure.Remaining patients recovered from primary disease and decannulated.There was significant relationship between early tracheostomy with early weaning, early decannulations and shorter ICU and overall hospital stay (P value <0.05).All complications were managed conservatively without any sequelae.CONCLUSION: Operative complications of bedside tracheostomy are less.Most of these develop in the first week and can be managed without morbidity.Majority of deaths in our study are related to the primary disease rather than the procedure.There was no significant relationship between timing of tracheostomy with laryngotracheal stenosis and overall mortality.

Topic: Tracheal and airway disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of In Vitro Activities of ABT-773 and Telithromycin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Streptococci and Staphylococci

ABSTRACT The activity of a new ketolide, ABT-773, was compared to the activity of the ketolide telithromycin (HMR-3647) against over 600 gram-positive clinical isolates, including 356 Streptococcus pneumoniae , 167 Staphylococcus aureus , and 136 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates. Macrolide-susceptible isolates as well as macrolide-resistant isolates with ribosomal methylase (Erm), macrolide efflux (Mef), and ribosomal mutations were tested using the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method. Both compounds were extremely active against macrolide-susceptible isolates, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC 90 s) for susceptible streptococci and staphylococci ranging from 0.002 to 0.03 μg/ml for ABT-773 and 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml for telithromycin. ABT-773 had increased activities against macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (Erm MIC 90 , 0.015 μg/ml; Mef MIC 90 , 0.12 μg/ml) compared to those of telithromycin (Erm MIC 90 , 0.12 μg/ml; Mef MIC 90 , 1 μg/ml). Both compounds were active against strains with rRNA or ribosomal protein mutations (MIC 90 , 0.12 μg/ml). ABT-773 was also more active against macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes (ABT-773 Erm MIC 90 , 0.5 μg/ml; ABT-773 Mef MIC 90 , 0.12 μg/ml; telithromycin Erm MIC 90 , &gt;8 μg/ml; telithromycin Mef MIC 90 , 1.0 μg/ml). Both compounds lacked activity against constitutive macrolide-resistant Staphylococcus aureus but had good activities against inducibly resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ABT-773 MIC 90 , 0.06 μg/ml; telithromycin MIC 90 , 0.5 μg/ml). ABT-773 has superior activity against macrolide-resistant streptococci compared to that of telithromycin.

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Standards and Charters: Horace Mann Meets Tinker Bell

The movement for education reform is currently moving on two distinct tracks. One emphasizes national policies, especially subject-area standards. The other focuses on local control and experimentation through restructuring and charters. This article examines some of the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy and their consistency with one another The suggestion here is that it is difficult to combine the contemporary rhetoric of national aims with the culture of belief-often found in charter schools-that is crucial to local reform. A more realistic view of reform would be less concerned with competitiveness or elaborate standards and, within a looser structure that includes charter schools, more concerned with basic skills and habits.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
TRANSTEXTUAL POLLINATION IN THE AGE OF INOCENCE (1993)

Film history is certainly attractive if it is studied in a transverse way, taking into consideration the diverse artistic manifestations that concur in a same or different time period, which share formal features that relate to them. Taking the motion picture The Age of Innocence (1993) as a case study, diverse transtextual relations, among them, hypertextuality, intertextuallity and metatextuality, appear between disciplines such as literature, theatre, painting and photography; all of them present in the film and imbricated in a discourse concerned with reality’s forms of representation. And it is precisely through the interrelation of film with the other arts, where interdiscursivity takes place, as if film, in passing through, pollinates the various textures of diverse nature, leaving in them the cinematographic track of its author.

Topic: Cinema History and Criticism
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
P4‐235: TDP‐43 OLIGOMER PATHOLOGY IN FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEMENTIA, AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

The accumulation of TDP-43 inclusion bodies is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). TDP-43 in these disorders is often found in cytoplasm in an abnormally phosphorylated and ubiquitinated form. Our previous study demonstrated that full-length TDP-43 can form toxic amyloid oligomers that are accumulated in the forebrain of transgenic TDP-43 mice and FTLD-TDP patients. We generated TDP-43 oligomers specific monoclonal antibodies (mTDP-O antibodies) by using BALB/c mice immunized with full-length TDP-43. mTDP-O antibodies were further characterized by dot blot, WB and ELISA assay. FTLD, ALS, and control tissue sections were stained with mTDP-O antibodies. The TDP-43 injection mouse model we used is 5 month-old C57/BL6 mice. The mice were bilaterally injected with TDP-43, TDP-43 premixed with one mTDP-O antibody, buffer control or IgG control into hippocampus. The spatial learning and memory were determined by Morris Water Maze. We have generated a panel of mTDP-O antibodies, and characterized the affinity of these TDP-O antibodies against TDP-43 oligomers and monomers. Using mTDP-O antibodies, we found TDP-43 oligomers are present not only in hippocampi of FTLD-TDP patients, but in the motor cortex and spinal cord of ALS patients. Besides, TDP-43 oligomers are partially colocalized with phosphorylated TDP-43 in hippocampus regions of FTLD-TDP patients. The results of Morris Water Maze test in the TDP-43 oligomer injection mouse model showed that TDP-43 oligomer injected mice was deficient in long-term memory. In contrast, the mice injected with TDP-43 oligomer premixed with the mTDP-O antibody behaved normally. The results indicated that the mTDP-O antibody can neutralize the toxicity effect of TDP-43 oligomers. Besides, since TDP-43 pathology presents in up to 57% of AD, now we are using mTDP-O antibodies to evaluate the prevalence of TDP-43 oligomers in AD tissues. TDP-43 oligomers exist in FTLD and ALS patients. Now we are studying whether TDP oligomers are present in AD brain tissues. Moreover, one mTDP-O antibody can neutralize TDP-43 oligomers induced toxicity. TDP-43 oligomer is a potential therapeutic target for TDP-43 pathology related diseases.

Topic: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Signal Intensity Deconvolution in Optical Receivers

In a photon-counting free-space optical communication receiver, the signal energy should be centered on the photo detector in order to maximize the received signal power. Random spatial fluctuations of the beam can be induced by atmospheric as well as mechanical phenomena. In order to control a compensator for driving the beam to the center of the detector, we must be able to infer the location of the centroid with only rudimentary spatial information (the number of photons that have hit each quadrant of the detector). We close this control loop by making a reduction to the task of signal intensity reconstruction via an inverse problem, proving non-asymptotic estimation error bounds for the previously published method and novel simplification, and presenting two novel estimation schemes that empirically perform better in near- and medium-range deep space settings. Our centroid estimation method is the first procedure in the literature proved to be consistent.

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Are all genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections pathogenic? A study in men

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the genital tract is initially mild and most sufferers do not know they have the infection.1 However, over a period of time untreated infections may be associated with considerable pathology.

During a recent prospective survey of 500 men presenting in this department we recorded the Gram stained microscopy results from urethral swabs. These were scored …

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Stimulation of dysregulated IFN-β responses by aberrant SARS-CoV-2 small viral RNAs

Abstract Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit a cytokine storm characterized by greatly elevated levels of cytokines during worsening disease. Despite this, the interferon (IFN) response is delayed, contributing to disease progression. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 generates excessive amounts of small viral RNAs (svRNAs) encoding exact 5′ ends of positive-sense genes in human cells, whereas significantly fewer similar svRNAs are produced by endemic human coronaviruses (OC43 and 229E). SARS-CoV-2 5′ end svRNAs are RIG-I agonists associated with IFN-beta expression in later stages of infection. The first 60-nt ends bearing duplex structures and 5′-triphosphates are responsible for immune-stimulation. The 5′ end svRNAs were also produced during infection ex vivo and in vivo . The delta variant retains the robust 5′ end svRNA production of the parental strain, whereas omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) produces little of these erroneous svRNAs. We propose that RIG-I activation by accumulated 5′ end svRNAs overcomes the initial IFN antagonistic ability of viral proteins and contributes to drive late over-exuberant IFN production leading to the development of severe COVID-19 and suggest that evolutionary modification of SARS-CoV-2 5′ end svRNA production may correlate with the reduced disease severity likely seen with omicron (BA.1 and BA.2).

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cardiac storage with University of Wisconsin solution, calcium, and magnesium.

The experiments indicated that recovery after storage with University of Wisconsin solution is enhanced with the addition of calcium and magnesium. The addition of high concentrations of calcium (> or = 2.5 mmol/L) appears harmful.

Topic: Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Critical Systems Certification

We introduce the filter model of regulatory certification of safety-critical systems. This model characterizes the certification process itself as a safety-critical system in which incorrectly certifying a system that should be rejected is an accident. The role of certification is modeled as the identification of faults in the system being certified, i.e., a filter for system faults. Application of safety-engineering techniques to the certification process allows assessment of certification and offers the possibility of correction of weaknesses.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic differences in serum cholesterol in chickens

Studies were conducted on the underlying mechanism for differences in serum cholesterol in two lines of chickens. The serum level of free and combined cholesterol was higher in the high line than the low line; no significant differences were observed in the serum level of fatty acids or phospholipids. The lines did not differ in the weights of several organs or in the cholesterol level of the adrenal, liver, brain, or testis. The high line had a higher serum cholesterol level than the low line, from hatching to 16 weeks of age. The lines did not differ in their response to fasting, which makes it improbable that a dietary influence accounts for the line differences. They responded similarly to injections of testosterone, estrogens, cortisone, or thyroxin.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Modelling the perceptual identification of Japanese consonants from LPC cepstral distances

This study attempts to account for the perceptual phenomenon observed in Komatsu et al. [1] in terms of the spectral properties of the LPC re-synthesised stimuli. To implement this, LPC cepstral distances between re-synthesised samples and their original samples are measured. The results of the acoustic analysis and their comparison with the perceptual data indicate that there is a striking similarity in patterns between the spectral property of the Japanese consonants and their perceptual scores. This suggests that the role played by spectral information in the perception of Japanese consonants is significant across all consonant types, and also implies that even in its crudest form, it contributes significantly to their perception.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Direct synthesis of vertical α-Fe2O3 nanowires from sputtered Fe thin film

α -Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) nanowires were synthesized from Fe thin films. The bladelike nanowires were synthesized by the simple annealing of a sputtered Fe thin film in a furnace with the annealing time varied between 0 and 100 min. The length of the nanowires was proportional to the logarithm of the annealing time. The number density of nanowires was saturated within an annealing time of 0–1 min. The Fe thin film may have been oxidized during annealing and the iron oxide molecules may have diffused to the roots of nanowires in accordance with the solid-phase growth model or they may have vaporized and then have been deposited on the surface of nanowires in accordance with the vapor-liquid-solid model. The authors characterized the nanowires by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Raman shift and the results of TEM indicated that the nanowires consisted of trigonal α-Fe2O3.

Topic: Iron oxide chemistry and applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences