jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improvement and Optimization of 600MW Subcritical Pressure Boiler for HBC

This article introduces the design and manufacture achievement of the 600MW subcritical pressure boiler for HBC, especially in some problems that hapened in operation of the early 600MW boiler. It describes the occurrence reason, improving measure and successful experience about the problems. The experience and research results instructed the optimized design of new 600MW boiler greatly. Figs 6, tables 2 and refs 4.

Topic: Power Systems and Renewable Energy
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rare-earth doped transparent ceramics for spectral filtering and quantum information processing

Homogeneous linewidths below 10 kHz are reported for the first time in high-quality Eu3+ doped Y 2O3 transparent ceramics. This result is obtained on the 7F0→5D0 transition in Eu3+ doped Y 2O3 ceramics and corresponds to an improvement of nearly one order of magnitude compared to previously reported values in transparent ceramics. Furthermore, we observed spectral hole lifetimes of ∼15 min that are long enough to enable efficient optical pumping of the nuclear hyperfine levels. Additionally, different Eu3+ concentrations (up to 1.0%) were studied, resulting in an increase of up to a factor of three in the peak absorption coefficient. These results suggest that transparent ceramics can be useful in applications where narrow and deep spectral holes can be burned into highly absorbing lines, such as quantum information processing and spectral filtering.

Topic: Random lasers and scattering media
Subfield: Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prompt transition from intravenous nicardipine to oral antihypertensives reduces resource utilization for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. (P5.063)

To investigate the clinical efficiency of protocol-driven early initiation and prompt titrations of oral hypertensives in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Topic: Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Food Hygiene Practices and Associated Factors Among Street Food Vendors in Urban Areas of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Street food is expanding all around Ethiopia. Street vendors have become commonplace near schools, hospitals and bus stations. Because street vended food is sold in unsanitary surroundings near streets, it can be contaminated with variety of pathogens, exposing consumers to foodborne illnesses. There haven’t been enough studies on Ethiopian street food, and little is known about how hygienic these foods are. The local authorities don’t even have a regulatory system to ensure food safety for street food vendors. Thus, this study aimed to assess food hygiene practices among street food vendors and associated factors. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional analytical study design was conducted from June, 2021 to July, 2021 including 402 respondents. Structured questionnaire and observational checklists were used for assessing food hygiene practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics (version 25.0). Binary logistic regression analyses were used to check association of covariates with food hygiene practices. Adjusted odds ratio, and P-value less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were used to report significant association. Results: Out of 402, 390 individuals responded. About 123 (31.5%) (95% CI: 27.2-36.4) of vendors had good food hygiene practices. Being female (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.09-0.27), age (19-25 years (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.81) and 26 to 35 years (AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.74), marital status (being married (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.93), educational status (college and above (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.35-8.62), monthly income (1001-2000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.68), being inspected (AOR = 13.15; 95% CI: 2.76-62.66) and lack of water at vending site (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17-0.97) were factors significantly associated with food hygiene practices of street vendors. Conclusion: Few street food vendors who adhered to good food hygiene were present. Significant variables of food hygiene behaviors included gender, age, marital status, education level, monthly income, inspection frequency, and the availability of water at vending sites. The vendors’ food hygiene practices needed to be improved, which necessitated continual assistance, frequent inspections, and public awareness campaign.

Topic: Food Safety and Hygiene
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Average and Heterogeneous Effects of Transportation Investments: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa 1960-2010

Previous work on transportation investments has focused on average impacts in high-and middleincome countries.We estimate average and heterogeneous effects in a poor continent, Africa, using roads and cities data spanning 50 years in 39 countries.Using changes in market access due to distant road construction as a source of exogenous variation, we estimate a 30-year elasticity of city population with respect to market access of about 0.08-0.13.Our results suggest that this elasticity is stronger for small and remote cities, and weaker in politically favored and agriculturally suitable areas.Access to foreign cities besides international ports matters little.Additional evidence points suggestively to rural-urban migration as the primary source of this population increase, though we cannot fully rule out natural increase or reallocation across cities.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of three accelerated Pulse Sequences for Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion Imaging using TSENSE

S. Weber, A. Kronfeld, R. P. Kunz, M. Fiebich, K. F. Kreitner, W. G. Schreiber Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section of Medical Physics, Mainz University Medical School, Mainz, Germany, University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, Giessen, Germany, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Mainz University Medical School, Mainz, Germany Introduction Quantitative first-pass myocardial perfusion MR imaging requires a fast and robust pulse sequence to cover the whole human heart within a single heartbeat while simultaneous maintaining good image quality. Rapid, multi-slice, T1-weighted imaging is achieved by using a saturation recovery (SR) preparation pulse in combination with a short saturation time (TI) and an ultra fast gradient echo readout like spoiled FLASH, balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) or echo-train readout. Imaging speed can be accelerated by using parallel imaging techniques like SMASH [1] or SENSE [2]. Newer strategies for dynamic imaging combine the parallel imaging techniques with the UNFOLD [3] approach like TSENSE [4]. The aim of this study was to compare the established pulse sequences for myocardial perfusion imaging SR-TurboFLASH [4], SR-TrueFISP [5] and SR-Interleaved Gradient Echo-Planar Imaging (IGEPI) [6] while using the parallel imaging strategy TSENSE for faster image acquisitions. Measurements are performed at a low contrast agent dose regime for semiquantitative perfusion analysis.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Sandblasting, Annealing and Hydrophobic Treatment on the Nano-Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of n-TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Coated 316L Stainless Steel

In this article, the effect of hydrophobic coated and uncoated surfaces on the corrosion resistance, tribological property, and surface morphology and nanomechanical properties is presented. A hierarchical surface (micro/nano) was prepared by ultra shot penning of 316L stainless steel at 20 kHz. Chemical vapour deposition technique was used for deposition of the coating, and coating thickness of 0.5 μm was obtained. A maximum hardness of 6.7 and 6.32 GPa was exhibited by the sandblasted (SB), annealed (SBAT) and coated (SBAT) samples respectively. The beneficial effect of annealing and surface roughness was clearly indicated by the sandblasted, annealed and coated specimens. They showed the highest value of reduced modulus maximum resistance to scratch tests and a high adhesion as indicated by scratch path profiles. The lowest corrosion rates were obtained by SBAT specimens (1.32 mpy) in 3.5 wt% NaCl. After application of 3.5% fluoroalkylsilane (FAS13), the corrosion rate was reduced to 0.04 mpy with no evidence of localized pitting. The water contact angle using DSA-100 system was measured to be 120° for SBAT and 80-90° for the samples.

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF TRANSCATHETER ARTERIAL CHEMOINFUSION (TACI) IN PATIENTS WITH UNRESECTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)

Purpose: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common therapy for unresectable HCC, but it carries a 5–16% risk of serious complications. TACI without embolization may have similar efficacy and fewer side effects, but few studies have examined outcomes of TACI. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 295 consecutive cases of TACI in 150 patients in 1/99-9/02 at a U.S hospital. All received a mixture of cisplatin, doxorubicin and lipiodol and were observed overnight. They were evaluated clinically at 2 weeks, radiologically at 3 months, and received additional TACI if there were residual or new tumors. Response to TACI is categorized as complete response (CR, no residual viable tumor), partial response (PR, partial uptake with residual viable tumor), and no response/progression of tumor (NR). We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratio relating tumor response and age, sex, severity of liver disease and tumor staging. Results: Mean age = 58.4 ± 12. Most were White (27.3%) or Asian (61.3%). Most were male (77.3%), had cirrhosis (72%), and had either chronic hepatitis C (45.2%) or B (38.4%). Mean MELD score = 9.3 ± 2.7. Mean CPT score = 5.94 ± 0.99. Tumor staging at diagnosis: TNM I:I I:I II: IV = 7.2%: 31.7%: 18.7%: 42.4%; OkudaI: II: III = 66.9%: 31.7%: 1.4%; and the mean CLIP score = 1.3 ± 1.0. The average number of TACI procedures per patient is 1.97 ± 1.33, with 54% having TACI once, 84.7% having ≥3 TACI (range:1-8). Tumor response rates are as follows:TableAll but 5 patients were discharged within 24 hours (2 had hemoperitoneum due to HCC prior to TACI and 3 due to persistent nausea, fever, or hepatic artery injury). Two (0.68%) had worsening of liver function and hepatorenal syndrome following TACI. On multivariate analysis, only TNM stage IV is an independent predictor of nonresponse (OR = 2.38, p = 0.05). Conclusions: TACI is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable HCC with TNM stage I, II, and III. In addition, 98.3% of ourpatients required (24 hours of hospitalization, while patients undergoing TACE generally require longer hospitalization. A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy, side effects, and cost-effectiveness of TACE and TACI is needed.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplemental Figure S6 from Deep Transcriptome Profiling of Multiple Myeloma Using Quantitative Phenotypes

&lt;p&gt;Time to first line treatment failure spectra score. A) Quantile-quantile plot. B) Gaussian mixture modeling to identify patients at high and low risk of early treatment failure. C) Patients in the spectra high-risk TTF (n = 31, 25 events) had median TTF of 9.2 months compared to low-risk patients (n = 736, 344 events) with median TTF of 32.8 months.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A method for the determination of substitution pattern in coumarins using a lanthanide shift reagent

The n.m.r. shift reagent tris-(7,7-dimethyl-1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-octane-4,6-dionato)europium(III)[Eu(fod)3] complexes with the carbonyl oxygen of coumarins so that all shifts can be related to a position for the europium atom in the plane of the ring and on the 3-H side of the CO bond; relatively large shifts are produced for an 8-substituent, and information about other substituent positions can be obtained.

Topic: Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Challenges in user experience design of image filtering apps

Photo filtering apps successfully deliver image-based stylization techniques to a broad audience, in particular in the ubiquitous domain (e.g., smartphones, tablet computers). Interacting with these inherently complex techniques has so far mostly been approached in two different ways: (1) by exposing many (technical) parameters to the user, resulting in a professional application that typically requires expert domain knowledge, or (2) by hiding the complexity via presets that only allows the application of filters but prevents creative expression thereon. In this work, we outline challenges of and present approaches for providing interactive image filtering on mobile devices, thereby focusing on how to make them usable for people in their daily life. This is discussed by the example of BeCasso, a user-centric app for assisted image stylization that targets two user groups: mobile artists and users seeking casual creativity. Through user research, qualitative and quantitative user studies, we identify and outline usability issues that showed to prevent both user groups from reaching their objectives when using the app. On the one hand, user-group-targeting has been improved by an optimized user experience design. On the other hand, multiple level of controls have been implemented to ease the interaction and hide the underlying complex technical parameters. Evaluations underline that the presented approach can increase the usability of complex image stylization techniques for mobile apps.

Topic: Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Waste generation, landfill diversion and environmental policy effectiveness in the EU 15

We empirically test delinking of waste dynamics with regard to economic growth and the effectiveness of environmental and specific waste$r elated policies, by exploiting a newly constructed, integrated waste$economic$policy datas et based on official data for the EU15 for 1995$2007. We find that absolute delinking for wast e generation is far from being achieved in the EU despite fairly stringent and longstanding policy commitment that goes back to the mid 1990s, but which however is biased towards waste management and waste disposal rather than waste prevention. Policy as well as country structural factors seem to impact instead on landfill diversion. Nevertheless, country heterogeneity matters: SURE based analyses show that EU average figures often hide high variance. Their results provide food for thought for a future most comprehensive EU waste policy strategy, which is now aimed mainly at landfill diversion, within a framework strongly oriented to allowing countries to decide about the implementation of EU directives.

Topic: Municipal Solid Waste Management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Static endoscopic swallow evaluation in children

Objectives Static Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (SEES) has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with the Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) in adults. In children, Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluations of Swallow (FEES) are frequently performed to avoid repeated VFSS; however, a subset of the population does not tolerate FEES. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of a modified SEES in children. Methods Charts of 50 consecutive patients who underwent FEES evaluations were reviewed. Patients age 3 months to 12 years undergoing SEES, FEES, and VFSS were extracted. We compared a binary assessment of outcome on SEES versus VFSS as the diagnostic standard to report characteristics, including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted value. Results A total of 36 patients met all inclusion criteria (mean age 2.8 years). Using the VFSS as the diagnostic standard, residue seen on SEES had a sensitivity of 80.0%, specificity of 85.7%, a positive predictive value of 88.9%, and a negative predictive value of 75.0% for predicting deep penetration or aspiration. Conclusion SEES may be helpful for developing an initial diagnostic impression and may serve as a platform for patient and caregiver counseling. In children who are unable to cooperate with FEES, SEES may provide clinical insight in predicting an abnormal swallow study; however, a normal SEES was less reliable in predicting a safe swallow on subsequent VFSS in this patient population. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1590–1594, 2020

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
PerspectivesX: A Tool to Scaffold Collaborative Learning Activities within MOOCs

In this workshop, we introduce the PerspectivesX tool which aims to scaffold collaborative learning activities within MOOCS. The PerspectivesX tool is designed to promote learner knowledge construction and curation for a range of multi-perspective elaboration\ntechniques (e.g. SWOT analysis and Six Thinking Hats). The PerspectivesX tool stores learner submissions in a searchable knowledge base which is able to be persisted across course re-runs and promotes the use of natural language processing techniques to allow course moderators to provide scalable feedback. In this workshop we will outline the purpose of this structured collaborative learning tool, and the design principles adhered to during implementation. We also outline key points for discussion at the workshop which relate to embedding analytics to enable instructor feedback and improve linkage to learning design.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Prediction of visibility and aerosol within the operational Met Office Unified Model. II: Validation of model performance using observational data

Abstract The operational version of the Met Office Unified Model forecasts aerosol and visibility products, as described in Part I. The modelling relies on parametrizations for the aerosol size distribution which account for the coagulation of aerosols into the accumulation mode, and for the hygroscopic uptake of water by aerosols. Aircraft and surface‐based measurements are used to assess these parametrizations and to assess the performance of the modelled aerosol mass mixing ratio and visibility. Measurements of aerosol chemical composition with an airborne aerosol mass spectrometer suggest that much of the aerosol is a complex mixture of sulphate, nitrate and organic material, rather than ammonium sulphate alone, as assumed in the model. Some significant improvements can be made to the hygroscopic parametrizations, along with more minor adjustments to the aerosol size distribution, and aerosol extinction efficiency. Comparisons of the measured aerosol mass mixing ratio reveal measurement–model agreement within a factor of two for the four cases investigated here, while comparisons of visibility reveal a systematic bias to low visibilities in the model, particularly in clean atmospheric conditions. Formulations and strategies to improve the model are suggested. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright, 2008

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Introduction to the special issue of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences: The Nechako NATMAP Project of the central Canadian Cordillera

The Canadian Cordillera in central British Columbia has seen the Mesozoic subduction of an oceanic terrane; the amalgamation of volcanic-arc terranes; continued intermittent Mesozoic compression and magmatism; and Tertiary wrenching, extension and magmatism. Except in its northernmost mountain ranges, the area is extensively covered in glacial drift and thin veneers of Tertiary volcanic rocks. In 1994, a group of scientists and technologists believed they could understand that cover, see through it, and discover the components of that collision and extensional orogen. They would apply modern techniques of isotopic and paleontological geochronology; lake-sediment, till, and plant geochemistry; detailed gravity, magnetic, radiometric, paleomagnetic, and electromagnetic surveys; and isotopic and trace element lithochemistry, as they conducted extensive bedrock and surficial mapping. This special issue summarizes a cross-section of the scientific contributions derived from that mapping conducted under the auspices of the Nechako NATMAP Project. It demonstrates the absolute necessity of applying modern isotopic and paleontologic geochronology to understand the Phanerozoic geology of the Cordillera. It emphasizes the necessity of detailed aeromagnetic surveys (500 m or less line spacing) in looking through covered terranes at anything more than 1 : 250 000 scale. And, it shows the immense utility of applying various geochemical techniques to solve geological problems and establish baselines for future research and economic development. Bedrock and surficial mapping in the central Cordillera, using these and other techniques, have established the nature and timing of Mesozoic crustal growth, Tertiary crustal thinning, and the associated formation of mineral deposits.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Competition between 20th-order rational harmonic mode-locking and gain-switching in inverse optical comb injected semiconductor optical amplifier fiber ring laser

20th-order rational harmonic mode-locked (RHML) pulses are demonstrated by using 1 GHz backward dark-optical comb injection semiconductor optical amplifier. A less pronounced high-order RHML mechanism than gain-switching is observed from red-shifted wavelength and reduced linewidth.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Growth Performance of Merawangaranb Chickens with Different Genetic Composition

Merawangarab chicken is a local chicken produced by two local chicken strain, namely merawang and arab chickens. This study aimed to analyze the growth of crosses between sixth generation merawangarab chickens with different genetic compositions of merawang (M) and arab (A) during 12 weeks of rearing. This research used the results of crossing Arabian chickens with Merawang chickens with different genetic ratios, namely 25% M, 50% M, 62.5% M, and 75% M. Variables included feed consumption, body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The results of the research showed that the different genetic composition of the sixth generation of merawangarab chickens had no effect on the growth performance of the chickens during 12 weeks of rearing except for different feed consumption. Body weight at 12 weeks of age for each type of chicken were 856.8 ± 274.2 (23% M), 858.9 ± 195.4 (50% M), 863.7 ± 156.9 (62.5% M ), and 854.0±172.9 (75% M). The growth performance of the sixth generation of merawangarab chickens was still diverse and can be selected to improve the performance of merwangarab chickens.

Topic: Livestock and Poultry Management
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences