jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of the emerging paradigm of diversity on the church and its leadership

Aims and Problems: Between the 1950s and 1990s, a paradigm-change occurred at foundational levels that has had global effect. In this research, I address a number of problems, related to leadership in the church, which have arisen out of this paradigm-change. The first problem relates to the validity of clerical leadership in the new paradigm. The immense effect of the current paradigm-change upon the church led some leadership gurus to propose a change in the locus of leadership in the church, from the clergy to laity. They implied that the clerical leadership was responsible for the deplorable state of the church, and were not appropriately situated to, or capable of, leading the church in the new paradigm. The second problem relates to the reaction and resistance of the community of faith to the current paradigm-change, reflected in its reversion to, and retention of, the toxic operational and communicative structures of the old Christendom paradigm. This suggests that the church faces the danger of resisting God's activity and purpose in the midst of this paradigm-change. The third problem relates to the hiatus in leadership and decision-making, due to the catastrophic nature of the paradigm-change and the subsequent confusion between clerical and lay leaders as to who is in control of what aspects of the church's life. Overwhelmed by this, the church is tempted to withdraw even further into its private religious enclave. I propose that the clerical leadership of the church could be well situated to, and capable of, effectively leading the church in the emerging paradigm of diversity if it adopted the new leadership framework established by the paradigm-change. This would see a transformation of the church's operational and communicative structures, without the loss of its centred values and beliefs, and a reduction in the hiatus in leadership and decision-making.

Topic: Christian Theology and Mission
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV with Bilateral Pneumothorax

A 17-year-old teen was hospitalized with bilateral pneumothorax. After the bilateral lungs were expanded using catheter tubes, he fully recovered and he was discharged from our hospital. He had a history of colon perforation. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) was suspected due to the combination of colon perforation and pneumothorax, and EDS type IV was confirmed after a genetic study identified a c.1511g>a mutation in the COL3A1 gene. This is the first report of bilateral pneumothorax caused by EDS type IV. Clinicians should consider EDS type IV in the differential diagnosis for bilateral pneumothorax in conjunction with distinct previous histories and radiological findings.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
O Norte do Paraná: do café à cana do açucar

Este artigo aborda o processo de povoamento do norte do Paraná, pilotado pela empresa britânica Paraná Plantation ltd., que, no período de 1930 a 1950 implantou cidades, definiu um modelo de estrutura fundiária de pequenos lotes, motivou a forte cafeicultura do norte do Paraná, mas que não resistiu às crises de mercado, às intempéries do clima e à política brasileira de reordenamento do espaço rural e sucumbiu. Após sucessivas tentativas de sustentar o desenvolvimento regional, a partir do binômio soja-trigo e da policultura se observa, a partir do PROÁLCOOL (1974), a expansão da cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol. Para diagnosticar as dinâmicas territoriais a partir da implantação da Usina Santa Terezinha no município de Terra Rica/Noroeste do Paraná utilizamos as imagens LANDSAT TM 5 dos anos de 2000, 2005, 2008 e 2011. As imagens foram corrigidas geometricamente e manipuladas no Spring 5.06.

Topic: Rural Development and Agriculture
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SH1715622.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enabling in situ validation of mitigation algorithms for magnetic interference via a laboratory-generated dataset

Abstract. Magnetometer measurements are one of the critical components necessary for improving our understanding of the intricate physical processes coupling mass, momentum, and energy within near-Earth space and throughout our solar system. However, these measurements are often contaminated by stray magnetic fields from the spacecraft hosting the magnetic-field sensors, and the data often require the application of interference mitigation algorithms prior to scientific use. Rigorous numerical validation of these techniques can be challenging when the techniques are applied to in situ spaceflight data as a ground truth for the local magnetic field is often unavailable. This paper introduces and details the generation of an open-source dataset designed to facilitate the assessment of interference mitigation techniques for magnetic-field data collected during spaceflight missions. The dataset contains over 100 h of magnetic-field data, comprising mixtures of near-direct-current (near-DC) trends, physically synthesized interference, and pseudo-geophysical phenomena. These constituent source signals have been independently captured by four synchronized magnetometers sampling at a high cadence and combined into 30 min intervals of data representing events and interference seen in historic missions. The physical locations of the four magnetometers relative to the interference sources enable researchers to test their interference mitigation algorithms with various magnetometer suite configurations, and the dataset also provides a ground truth for the underlying interference signals, enabling the rigorous quantification of the results of past, present, and future interference mitigation efforts.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evolution of specialization with reachable transaction scope based on a simple and symmetric firm resource allocation model

In the last decade, as an emerging transaction measure driven by computer and internet technology, e-commerce experienced explosive growth in many areas. It has greatly broken down the limitations of space and time to economic activities, thus changing the rules of business fundamentally. Significant work has been done to understand the laws of e-commerce from multiple dimensions, but the question of how e-commerce shapes firms' specialization and market structure from the perspective of spatial factors remains obscure. In this paper, we propose a simple and symmetric firm resource allocation model with a specialized-economy production function and market size constraint, to investigate how individual firms adjust resource allocation with reachable transaction scope expanded. It is shown that with the expansion of reachable transaction scope, individual firms discretely take back one unit resource from a low-investment direction and, instead, channel it to a “specialized direction”. Meanwhile, at the macro level, an optimal division network evolves from a static self-sufficient stage to a diverse semi-specialized stage, and finally to a highly integrated completely specialized stage. Ergo, a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) based simulation framework is constructed. Designed simulation experiments are carried out and confirm to the analysis result of our proposed model.

Topic: Business Strategy and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Ischemic Gastropathy After TACE Therapy

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy is used in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas. TACE involves the injection of a chemotherapeutic agent into the hepatic artery which results in decreased blood supply to the liver tumor and resultant tumor cell death. Rare complications of TACE therapy including hepatic artery occlusion, tumor rupture, liver abscess, and ischemic injury related to non-target embolization. GI bleeding due to ischemic gastropathy, however, is rare due to the extensive collateral blood supply of the stomach. A 63 year-old male with hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma was admitted for his fourth TACE therapy. The patient developed abdominal discomfort and hematemesis the following day. Patient was tachycardic during episodes of hematemesis but was otherwise stable with no transfusion requirements. Upper endoscopy later that day revealed non-bleeding small esophageal varices and extensive areas of blackened mucosa from the proximal stomach to duodenum with nodularity, tissue friability, erosions, and adherent clots. Mucosal changes were most pronounced in the mid and distal stomach. Diffuse erosions were also noted in the proximal duodenum, but there was a discrete transition point to normal mucosa between the 2nd and 3rd portions of the duodenum. Hematemesis was thought to be related to severe inflammation and friability in stomach and proximal duodenum, and patient had clinical improvement with supportive care. Gastrc biopsies demonstrated fibrinoid change of lamina propria, glandular atrophy, and purulent exudate consistent with ischemic gastritis. Duodenal biopsies also demonstrated focal fibrinoid change of lamina propria and glandular atrophy also consistent with ischemia. This case was discussed with interventional radiology, and previously treated branches of the right and left hepatic artery had appeared atretic. Visualization of the hepatic lesion was therefore limited, and the decision was made to treat non-selectively via the left hepatic and middle hepatic artery which likely resulted in embolization of vasculature supplying the stomach and proximal duodenum. Most patients have resolution of symptoms with supportive care. PPI therapy has also been suggested to promote mucosal healing. Patients would benefit from monitoring after TACE therapy especially if less-selective embolization is performed.2338_A Figure 1 No Caption available.2338_B Figure 2 No Caption available.2338_C Figure 3 No Caption available.

Topic: Liver Disease and Transplantation
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Formation of Dithioacetals by Treatment of Sulfoxides Carrying α-Hydrogens with Magnesium Amides

Abstract Sulfoxides carrying α-hydrogens were allowed to react with magnesium amides generated in situ by the treatment of ethylmagnesium bromide with secondary amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine or diisopropylamine in diethyl ether to give the corresponding dithioacetals in moderate to good yields.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of Immobilized and Extracelullar Lactase in Mouse-ear Cress

Cells in suspension culture of mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh. cultivar, Columbia were permeabilized with Tween 20, Tween 80, ethanol, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or hexadecylpyridinium chloride, and immobilized using glutaraldehyde. Lactase showed a pH optimum at 4.7 and the optimal temperatures for immobilized cells and cell cultures was 60 °C and 56 °C, respectively. Four-hour enzyme hydrolysis of the tested substrate proceeded with a conversion of 60??????70 %. The immobilized cells showed a high lactase activity, fair stability in long-term storage and convenient physicomechanical properties. The culture medium after removing cells was used for identification and determination of enzyme activity. The extracellular activity of lactase estimated in cell suspension accounts for 61 % of the total activity, the rest being due to the intracellular activity. The specific extratracellular activity is 4.15 times higher than the intracellular one. Using a histochemical method, secretion of lactase by root tips, root hairs, callus and suspension cells was detected. The described method permits a rapid, simple and specific identification of lactase.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamic Dilatancy in Saturated Sands

New experimental aspects of saturated sands dynamic response are discussed. It is demonstrated that shear straining in saturated sands with any density occurs in several stages. Incremental changes of pore pressure and effective stresses at the shear zones triggering point are determined by initial sand porosity relative to its critical value. Sand porosity before shearing is considered as critical, if triggering of shear zones does not result in porosity alteration, which in undrained conditions is physically equivalent to zero change of mean effective stress and pore pressure. Type of sand response is revealed as incremental changes of pore pressure and mean effective stress at the stage of shear zones triggering, indicating negative or positive soil dilatancy. The notion of critical porosity is not applicable in dynamic loading conditions since in different phases of a single cycle changes of pore pressure and effective stress are observed. Progressive strain accumulation under dynamic loading of saturated sands with any density results in the development of a specific state with zero sum changes of pore pressure and mean effective stress called zero dynamic dilatancy. It is assumed to relate to the development of shear zones with constant thickness where subsequent straining is further located/

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Portal hypertension and surgical treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Objective To study the diagnosis of portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the effect of the surgical treatment. Methods 52 cases of liver function(Child) A ～ B Grade PHT and surgical treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with clinical data of 26 cases were randomly divided into treatment group to reduce the flow, drying up, cardia and gastric peripheral vascular surgical amputation.Control group,26 cases in the surgical treatment group, based on increases gastric submucosal cerclage, and the two groups after long-term efficacy and comparative analysis of re-bleeding rates. Results All patients were followed up for 5 years, the treatment group cured 22 cases,4 died, and then bleeding in 5 cases, cure rate of 84. 6% improved. Control group ,25 cases were cured and 1 died, and then bleeding in 1 case,improved cure rate of 96. 1%. The two groups after statistical in control group, bleeding was significantly higher cure rate than that of treatment group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05 ). Conclusions Reduced flow, drying up, breaking away from the cardia peripheral vascular surgery plus fundic mucosa cerclage is a effect treatment to cure portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, And relatively more effective than simple reduced flow, drying up, breaking away from the peripheral vascular surgery cardiac.

Key words: 
Portal hypertension; Upper gastrointestinal bleeding;  Surgical therapy;  Gastric submucosal cerclage

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effector-Memory T Cells Develop in Islets and Report Islet Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract CD8+ T cells are critical in human type 1 diabetes and in the NOD mouse. In this study, we elucidated the natural history of islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP)-specific CD8+ T cells in NOD diabetes using MHC-tetramer technology. IGRP206–214-specific T cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissue increased with age, and their numbers correlated with insulitis progression. IGRP206–214-specific T cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissue expressed markers of chronic Ag stimulation, and their numbers were stable after diagnosis of diabetes, consistent with their memory phenotype. IGRP206–214-specific T cells in NOD mice expand, acquire the phenotype of effector-memory T cells in the islets, and emigrate to the peripheral lymphoid tissue. Our observations suggest that enumeration of effector-memory T cells of multiple autoantigen specificities in the periphery of type 1 diabetic subjects could be a reliable reporter for progression of islet pathology.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Shape optimization of double-chamber side mufflers with extended tube by using four-pole matrix, boundary element method and genetic algorithm

As the excellent noise reduction in dealing with most of the industrial venting noise in lower frequencies, reactive silencer has been prevailing and widely discussed, according. Most researchers explored the noise reduction effects due to flowing rate and temperature gradient based on pure plane wave theory; however, the effect of high degree wave was rarely addressed. Moreover, the maximum of silencer noise reduction under space constraint, in which frequently occurred in engineering problem, are hardly mentioned. Most of the optimal assessments were oriented with a slower optimizer, the mathematic gradient method. An issue by using a precise and quick optimizer to access the optimal noise reduction of a complicated silencer under limited space becomes essential and obligatory. In this paper, the optimal design of a double–chamber side muffler connected with internal extended tube under limited space is presented; in addition, the genetic algorithm is selected as the optimizer in searching for the best design set. In theoretical derivation, on the basis of one–dimensional plane wave theory, the system four-pole matrices under flowing effect have been established and furthermore deduced to a scalar noise reduction function. To verify the accuracy of four–pole transfer matrices, one set of silencer shape parameter has been used to construct and further acoustic test in laboratory and noise simulated in boundary element method (high degree of sound wave) have be performed individually. The results reveal that all of the four–pole matrix theory, experimental data and boundary element method are in agreement. To verify the accuracy of GA solution during optimization, an optimal design of noise reduction onto pure tone with 300 Hz is pre–run. The result reveals that the maximized STL is precisely located at 300 Hz. Consequently, a numerical case of optimal noise reduction to broadband noise source under space constraint is exemplified.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Elementary Mainstream Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions and Teaching Practice towards English Language Learners

Teaching in the Toronto District School Boards (TDSB), the largest school board in Canada with the most diverse student population, many mainstream classroom teachers feel that they are not equipped with adequate knowledge to teach and support English language learners (ELLs) in their classrooms. This qualitative research used a literature review and two face-to-face interviews to investigate this issue, focused around teachers’ preparation and knowledge, effective teaching strategies, and personal learning experience. The findings of the study indicated the importance for mainstream classroom teachers to encompass appropriate pedagogical, theoretical, and cultural knowledge through professional development in order to provide ELLs with sufficient support to be successful.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Material for: Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Current therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may be viable alternatives. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To assess the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for AD treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Web of Science, Global Resource of Eczema Trials database, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 1, 2020. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing JAK inhibitors with placebo/vehicle treatment for AD patients were included. The primary study outcomes included (1) the change (%) from the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) baseline expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and (2) the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) response and safety outcomes expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included 14 RCTs published in 13 studies (3,822 patients). Treatment with JAK inhibitors significantly improved IGA response (RR 2.83, 95% CI 2.25–3.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and EASI score (WMD –28.82, 95% CI –34.48 to −23.16, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). JAK inhibitor treatment achieved the largest improvement in both IGA response (RR 3.59, 95% CI 2.66–4.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and EASI score (WMD –42.00, 95% CI –48.64 to −35.36, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) by week 4 of treatment. Topical JAK inhibitors were significantly more efficacious than oral inhibitors. Upadacitinib treatment for 4 weeks was most effective in reducing EASI score (WMD –53.92, 95% CI –69.26 to −38.58, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while abrocitinib for 4 weeks led to the most effective IGA response (RR 5.47, 95% CI 2.74–10.93, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation; however, JAK inhibitors use, especially abrocitinib, led to a higher incidence of treatment-emergent AEs (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10–1.42, <i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results imply that JAK inhibitors are an effective and safe AD treatment. Nevertheless, further trials with longer duration and head-to-head comparisons of different JAK inhibitors are needed.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences