jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic nationalism: prerequisites of its emergence and impact on the modern world

The goal of this research is the analysis of such phenomenon as economic nationalism. A detailed comparison is conducted between economic nationalism and other forms of government policy commonly used by the states for achieving their goals. Emphasis is made on prerequisites for the emergence of this trend in politics, among which the author determines political, cultural, economic and social. The article examines the basis of economic nationalism at different times and for countries with different government structures. The impact of economic nationalism on global world community at different stages of economic and political development is demonstrated. The conclusion is formulated on the meaning of economic nationalism for the global community based on the obtained results. At the time its emergence, this structure contributed to strengthening of the local economy. In the modern era of militarism and globalization, the economic nationalism, if not being controlled, is dangerous and deprives others of the right to financial wealth, aims to minimize wealth of the nation at the cost of other counties, and incites the application of force for achieving national goals.

Topic: Economic Issues in Ukraine
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Peer Review #2 of "Historical connections among river basins and climatic changes explain the biogeographic history of a water rat (v0.1)"

Background.The water rat Nectomys squamipes (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) is a semiaquatic rodent from eastern South America that shows shallow genetic structure across space, according to some studies.We tested the influence of hydrography and climatic changes on the genetic and phylogeographic structure of this semiaquatic small mammal.Methods.DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genetic markers (Cyt b and D-loop) and six microsatellite loci from water rats were collected at 50 localities in five river basins in the Atlantic Forest along the eastern coast of South America.We evaluated the genetic structure within and among river basins, and we estimated divergence dates.Species distribution models for the present and past were built to identify possible gene flow paths.Results.Mitochondrial data and species distribution models showed coherent results.Microsatellite loci showed a more complex pattern of genetic differentiation.The diversification of N. squamipes haplotypes occurred during the Pleistocene and the river basin cannot explain most of the genetic structure.We found evidence of population expansion during the last glacial maximum, and gene flow paths indicate historical connections among rivers in the Atlantic Forest.Discussion.Historical connections among rivers in the Atlantic Forest may have allowed N. squamipes to disperse farther across and within basins, leading to shallow genetic structure.Population expansions and gene flow through the emerged continental shelf during glacial period support the Atlantis forest hypothesis, thus challenging the forest refuge hypothesis.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
PENGARUH PENCEGAHAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK-ANAK

&lt;p&gt;Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF PREVENTION TO THE CHILDREN’S MORAL&lt;br /&gt;DEVELOPMENT. Moral development can be divided into three categories:&lt;br /&gt;moral emotions, moral behavior, moral understanding and reasoning.&lt;br /&gt;Parents have the ability to stimulate moral development through their&lt;br /&gt;methods of discipline and consistency through compassion. Research shows&lt;br /&gt;that using inductive discipline helps the child in internalizing the model of&lt;br /&gt;moral behavior. Inductive discipline is a form of correcting behavior by&lt;br /&gt;explaining the consequences of breaking the rules and showing affection&lt;br /&gt;for children. Research involves parents by using survey methods with&lt;br /&gt;brochure media at parenting parenting (PPO). The purpose of this study is&lt;br /&gt;to promote and promote awareness of the effects of child molestation on&lt;br /&gt;moral development. The results of this study proved successful in&lt;br /&gt;presenting and informing about the influence of parents on moral&lt;br /&gt;development in children and tips that can be used in everyday life to&lt;br /&gt;improve the positive moral development of children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perkembangan moral dapat dibagi menjadi tiga kategori:&lt;br /&gt;emosi moral, perilaku moral, pemahaman moral dan penalaran. Orang&lt;br /&gt;tua memiliki kemampuan untuk menstimulasi perkembangan moral melalui metode disiplin dan konsistensi mereka melalui kasih sayang. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan disiplin induktif membantu anak dalam menginternalisasi model perilaku moral. Disiplin induktif adalah bentuk mengoreksi perilaku dengan menjelaskan konsekuensi dari melanggar peraturan dan menunjukan kasih sayang terhadap anak. Penelitian melibatkan orang tua dengan menggunakan metode survei dengan media brosur pada pertemuan parenting orang tua (PPO). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan dan mempromosikan kesadaran akan efek dari penganiayaan anak pada perkembangan moral. Hasil penelitian ini terbukti berhasil dalam menyajikan dan menginformasikan tentang pengaruh orang tua pada perkembangan moral pada anak dan tips yang dapat digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk meningkatkan perkembangan moral positif anak.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS) to measure small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness

A novel video survey method measures small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness in fragile and deep‐sea habitats called microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS). Using a controlled submersible platform, an attached downward‐ facing video camera with a single optical laser can return imagery to detail the bottom profile at a resolution of ~1–2 cm. The method compares the position of the underlying substratum and laser dot between successive video frames to determine distance traveled in the forward direction and substratum height. The video imagery is processed using photogrammetry to calculate small‐scale topography (horizontal and vertical axes). MiLS is adaptable for most aquatic habitats as it can be executed using any platform that can move forward with a constant slope over the desired transect. Traditional techniques of measuring small‐scale roughness are largely restricted to easily accessible habitats and often yield measurements that are relative and not comparable among different habitats and studies. Quantifying roughness in ways that permit comparisons is critical to understanding effects of bottom roughness and would benefit many fields of aquatic science. With its versatility, ability to access remote locations and output of quantified measurements, MiLS has the potential to fill this need. It is also likely this method will be useful in subaerial habitats such as wetlands. Here, we describe the MiLS equipment, theory, and method in detail, and then demonstrate its application in a lab trial and in a field study in a deep‐sea (≤450 m depth) sponge and coral habitat where its high resolution, accuracy, and precision is made evident.

Topic: Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplmental Figures and Legends from ATOH1 Promotes Leptomeningeal Dissemination and Metastasis of Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup Medulloblastomas

&lt;p&gt;This file provides illustration of supplemental experimental results and explanation of data presented. Supplemental Figure 1 Analysis of gene expression in CAG-A1Z transgenic mice. Supplemental Figure 2 Normal cerebellar development in Atoh1 transgenic animals. Supplemental Figure 3 Atoh1 over-expression enhances MB development and metastasis along the spinal cord in Ptch1+/- mice. Supplemental Figure 4 ATOH1-driven MB development and metastasis. Supplemental Figure 5 Analysis of gene expression in SHH MB from different mouse strains. Supplemental Figure 6 ATOH1-driven development and metastasis in AAP and LAP mice. Supplemental Figure 7 Analysis of gene expression in human MB. Supplemental Figure 8 Analysis of gene expression in MB from MAP animals.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lesser vagal withdrawal during isometric exercise with age

The tachycardia that accompanies isometric exercise decreases with age in humans; however, the mechanism of this decline is unknown. To determine whether less cardiac vagal withdrawal is associated with the age-related decrease in this response, we assessed high-frequency R-R interval variability (0.15–0.40 Hz), an index of cardiac vagal tone, before (control) and during isometric exercise to exhaustion in healthy young (21–29 yr; n = 12) and older (61–72 yr; n = 11) men. During control, the two groups did not differ in respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate, although the older subjects had a lower high-frequency amplitude (12.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 4.6 ms/Hz; P &lt; 0.05). During isometric exercise, the respiratory rate and arterial pressure responses did not differ; however, the older men had a lower absolute heart rate and a smaller increase in heart rate, and only the young men demonstrated a significant decline in high-frequency amplitude. The heart rate responses to exercise were correlated with the declines in high-frequency amplitude (initial, r = -0.808; midpoint, r = -0.714; peak, r = -0.632; all P &lt; 0.005), which were, in turn, correlated with the control high-frequency amplitude (initial, r = -0.727; midpoint, r = -0.643; peak, r = -0.610; all P &lt; 0.01). Thus smaller declines in high-frequency amplitude, related to lower baseline amplitude, corresponded to smaller increases in heart rate throughout isometric exercise. Therefore, we conclude that the smaller tachycardiac response to isometric exercise in older humans is associated with an inability to decrease cardiac vagal tone below an already reduced baseline level.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Earthquakes in California in 1894

reports a disturbance at 3.25 a. m.A tremor lasting three seconds was followed after an interval of four seconds by a shock from south-southwest, and a slight tremor later.His seismograph at Tacoma barely showed the shock.VANCOUVER (BRITISH COLUMBIA).The earth trembled in British Columbia to-day.While the quaking continued, hanging pictures Swayed Slightly and crockery rattled on the shelves.San Francisco Chronicle.

Topic: Botany and Geology in Latin America and Caribbean
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Medial Adductor Approach to Arthrography of the Hip in Children

In small infants and children, the medial or adductor approach for arthrography of the hip has several advantages over direct anterior insertion of the needle into the joint capsule, primarily the fact that extravasated contrast material runs along the adductor area and is not superimposed on the hip joint.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vertical Differential Structural Deformation of the Main Strike‐slip Fault Zones in the Shunbei Area, Central Tarim Basin: Structural Characteristics, Deformation Mechanisms, and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Significance

Abstract Vertical differential structural deformation (VDSD), one of the most significant structural characteristics of strike‐slip fault zones (SSFZs) in the Shunbei area, is crucial for understanding deformation in the SSFZ and its hydrocarbon accumulation significance. Based on drilling data and high‐precision 3‐D seismic data, we analyzed the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the SSFZs in the Shunbei area. Coupled with the stratification of the rock mechanism, the structural deformations of these SSFZs in different formations were differentiated and divided into four deformation layers. According to comprehensive structural interpretations and comparisons, three integrated 3‐D structural models could describe the VDSD of these SSFZs. The time‐space coupling of the material basis (rock mechanism stratification), changing dynamic conditions (e.g., changing stress‐strain states), and special deformation mechanism of the en echelon normal fault array uniformly controlled the formation of the VDSD in the SSFZs of the Shunbei area. The VDSD of the SSFZs in this area controlled the entire hydrocarbon accumulation process. Multi‐stage structural superimposing deformation influenced the hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, distribution, preservation, and secondary adjustments.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tumor necrosis factor enhances susceptibility of vascular endothelial cells to neutrophil-mediated killing.

Tumor necrosis factor has a variety of effects on different types of cells in vitro, including endothelial cells. The current studies show that pretreatment of rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor increases in a time- and dose-dependent manner their sensitivity to killing by neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or C5a. Similar effects are seen with interleukin-1. These data suggest that tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 may have important pro-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells.

Topic: Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
[A comparative efficacy study of the preoperative use of GnRH agonists in women with uterine fibromyomas].

The aim of the study is to establish the efficacy of preoperative use of GnRH agonists in women with uterine fibromyomas. The study is a randomized prospective one and includes 34 patients, divided in two groups: group I--with preoperative application of GnRH agonists--Zoladex and group II--without medication. In Zoladex group amenorrhea was achieved in 76% of patients after 7-8 weeks of treatment. After a 3-months treatment with Zoladex Hb levels increased from 8.9 +/- 0.9 gl/l to 11.7 +/- 1.2 g/l; levels of serum Fe--from 7.3 +/- 4 mumol/l to 18.5 +/- 5 mumol/l. Total uterine volume decreased by 30% before surgery (from 328 +/- 85 ml to 233 +/- 61 ml), while myoma volume decreased by 39% (from 178 +/- 62 ml to 109 +/- 44 ml). Mean blood loss during surgery (hysterectomy) is definitely less in patients, treated with Zoladex--194 +/- 75 ml., compared to 287 +/- 102 ml in control group. The significant reduction in myoma volume in 6 patients due to presurgical treatment with Zoladex made smaller operation--myomectomy, possible. Side effects, related to GnRH agonist Zoladex, are well tolerated and transitory and did not lead to retreatment from the trial.

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD nb1pwr_PortThrough #144284.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 1 (BL1). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL1.

Topic: Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Burdwan under the Decennial and Permanent Settlements

Zamindars entered a new era in the spring of 1790 when the Company offered them ten-year settlements. Those settlements were declared permanent in 1793. The distinctive feature of the Decennial and Permanent Settlements was not that they were made with the zamindars. Zamindars, of course, had been collectors for most of the eighteenth century. Nor was the level of the demand remarkable since it was but “marginally” higher than previously, although “stable or falling” agricultural prices in the 1790s made the demand difficult to realize. Instead, the crucial innovations were the permanency and the mode of recovering arrears. In the long run, the fixity of the land tax attracted investments into the developmental dead-end of rent-collecting rights, rather than into forms of enterprise that were likely to lead to higher productivity or balanced economic growth. In the long run, the fixed tax declined as a proportion of the money supply as inflation and the cultivation of new lands vastly expanded the rental income available from the working peasants.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
FOUR–DIMENSIONAL BRUSSELATOR MODEL WITH PERIODICAL SOLUTION

In the paper, a four-dimensional model of cyclic reactions of the type Prigogine's Brusselator is considered. It is shown that the corresponding dynamical system does not have a closed trajectory in the positive orthant that will make it inadequate with the main property of chemical reactions of Brusselator type. Therefore, a new modified Brusselator model is proposed in the form of a four-dimensional dynamic system. Also, the existence of a closed trajectory is proved by the DN-tracking method for a certain value of the parameter which expresses the rate of addition one of the reagents to the reaction from an external source.

Topic: Advanced Scientific Research Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from An Allosteric PRC2 Inhibitor Targeting EED Suppresses Tumor Progression by Modulating the Immune Response

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant activity of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is involved in a wide range of human cancer progression. The WD40 repeat-containing protein EED is a core component of PRC2 and enhances PRC2 activity through interaction with H3K27me3. In this study, we report the discovery of a class of pyrimidone compounds, represented by BR-001, as potent allosteric inhibitors of PRC2. X-ray co-crystallography showed that BR-001 directly binds EED in the H3K27me3-binding pocket. BR-001 displayed antitumor potency &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In Karpas422 and Pfeiffer xenograft mouse models, twice daily oral dosing with BR-001 resulted in robust antitumor activity. BR-001 was also efficacious in syngeneic CT26 colon tumor-bearing mice; oral dosing of 30 mg/kg of BR-001 led to 59.3% tumor growth suppression and increased frequency of effector CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltrates in tumors. Pharmacodynamic analysis revealed that CXCL10 was highly upregulated, suggesting that CXCL10 triggers the trafficking of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells toward tumor sites. Our results demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of EED modulates the tumor immune microenvironment to induce regression of colon tumors and therefore has the potential to be used in combination with immune-oncology therapy.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;BR-001, a potent inhibitor of the EED subunit of the PRC2 complex, suppresses tumor progression by modulating the tumor microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Biocontrol of Bayoud Disease (Fusarium oxysporum F. Sp. Albedinis) on Deglet-nour Variety of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in South Western Oases of Algeria

Background: This work has the objective to biocontrol the bayoud disease of date palm caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the major disease in Algerian palm groves of south western region. This in vivo biocontrol was done on date palm variety Deglet-Nour, using two antagonistic fungi species, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus flavus. Methods: Twenty Foa isolates obtained from isolation of the spines carrying the typical symptoms of Bayoud disease were used. Two strains T. harzianum and A. flavus, were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the date palm trees. Using the greenhouse screening test, which was carried out on 3-4 month-old date palm seedlings at the rate of 5 ml of inoculum suspension. Result: A statistical analysis showed a significant (P less than 0.05), difference of Deglet-Nour seedlings reactions against Foa isolates and antagonistic fungi were observed. All date palm trees present susceptibility against Foa until the total mortality of seedlings. The biocontrol test showed that two antagonists showed different reaction, with the complete resistance for seedlings treated by T. harzianum with the mortality rate (rm%) reduced at 100%, while, the second antagonist A. flavus reduced the rm% at 25%. We can apply of these antagonistic fungi to protect our groves contaminated by Bayoud disease and also contain this susceptible commercial variety.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Background Whether right and left heart hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not known. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of subjects who had right heart catheterization within the ALVEOLI trial and Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial. Myocardial injury was assessed using a highly sensitive troponin assay (hsTn; Abbot ARCHITECT). Hemodynamic variables included right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, cardiac index and stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial compliance, and pulmonary effective arterial elastance. We performed linear, logistic, and Cox regression to determine the association of hemodynamic variables with myocardial injury and to determine if hemodynamics mediated the association between myocardial injury and death. Results Among 252 ARDS patients, median day 0 troponin was 65.4 (13.8–397.8) ng/L. Lower cardiac index (β −0.23 SE 0.10; P &lt; 0.001) and stroke volume (β −0.26 SE 0.005; P &lt; 0.001), higher pulmonary vascular resistance (β 0.22 SE 0.11; P &lt; 0.001), lower pulmonary arterial compliance (β −0.24 SE 0.06; P &lt; 0.001), and higher arterial elastance (β 0.27 SE 0.43; P &lt; 0.001) were associated with greater myocardial injury in univariable and adjusted models. Changes in stroke volume, cardiac index, pulmonary arterial compliance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and arterial elastance were all associated with progressive myocardial injury over three days. hsTn levels were associated with mortality; however, the association was attenuated after adjustment for each of stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial compliance, and arterial elastance. Conclusion Pulmonary vascular hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in ARDS, while filling pressures are not. Pulmonary vascular disease may represent a treatable contributor to myocardial injury in ARDS.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences