jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aedes africanus

THE AFRICANUS GROUP DIAGNOSIS. (1) Maxillary palpus with white scales; (2) scutum with dorsocentral setae; (3) scutum with a distinct patch of broad white scales on fossal area; (4) subspiracular area with broad white scales; (5) postspiracular area without scales; (6) paratergite with broad white scales; (7) white knee­spot absent on all femora; (8) midfemur with 3 large, white patches on anterior surface (on basal, median and apical areas); (9) hindtarsus with a basal white band at least on tarsomeres 1­3; (10) hindtarsomere 4 with a basal white band, or all dark; and (11) hindtarsomere 5 all dark.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cysteine Cathepsins Are Central Contributors of Invasion by Cultured Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase-Transformed Rodent Fibroblasts

Abstract Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, is often up-regulated in cancers. We have demonstrated previously that overexpression of AdoMetDC alone is sufficient to transform NIH 3T3 cells and induce highly invasive tumors in nude mice. Here, we studied the transformation-specific alterations in gene expression induced by AdoMetDC by using cDNA microarray and two-dimensional electrophoresis technologies. We specifically tried to identify the secreted proteins contributing to the high invasive activity of the AdoMetDC-transformed cells. We found a significant increase in the expression and secretion of procathepsin L, which was cleaved and activated in the presence of glycosaminoglycans (heparin), and a smaller increase in cathepsin B. Inhibition of the cathepsin L and B activity by specific peptide inhibitors abrogated the invasive capacity of the AdoMetDC transformants in Matrigel. The transformed cells also showed a small increase in the activity of gelatin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator activities, neither of which was sensitive to the inhibitors of cathepsin L and B. Furthermore, the invasive potency of the transformed cells remained unaffected by specific inhibitors of MMPs. The results suggest that cysteine cathepsins are the main proteases contributing to the high invasiveness of the AdoMetDC-transformed cells and that the invasion potential is largely independent of activation of the MMPs.

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dermoscopia da sarna crostosa associada à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida Dermoscopy of Norwegian scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract: The authors report here on the case of a female patient with Norwegian (crusted) scabies andacquired immunodeficiency syndrome whose compliance with antiretroviral therapy was poor. Definitivediagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination, which revealed numerous Sarcoptes scabei.Dermoscopy showed pathognomonic scabetic burrows and brownish structures in the shape of a hand-gli-der with a millipede-like appearance. The latter constitutes a diagnostic feature in the pathology ofNorwegian scabies that has not yet been described. The patient responded well to oral ivermectin and top-ical vaseline with sulphur at a proportion of 10%. There was a simultaneous improvement in dermoscopicparameters.Keywords: dermoscopy; Sarcoptes scabiei; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Recebido em 11.08.2008.Aprovado pelo Conselho Consultivo e aceito para publicacao em 30.10.2008. * Trabalho realizado no Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay da Santa Casa da Misericordia do Rio de Janeiro (SCMRJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.Conflito de interesse: Nenhum /

Topic: Dermatological diseases and infestations
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>In silico</i> Prediction and Diversity Analysis of Corazonin Neuropeptides in Hymenoptera Species

Corazonin is a peptidergic neurohormone of insects that has a variety of physiological roles, it is associated with the control of heartbeat, ecdysis behavior initiation, and cuticle coloration. Corazonine (CRZ) sequences are usually highly conserved throughout those insects studied so far. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive survey of CRZ isoforms in different insect groups using in silico prediction based on publicly accessible transcriptomic databases. A phylogenetic analysis based on CRZ precursors from 23 insect species of six orders suggests that the evolution of insect CRZ precursors might not concord with the traditional taxonomic classification. Comparative analyses of the CRZ peptide sequences shows that CRZ sequence is well conversed in Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, while different CRZ isoforms occur in Diptera, and high diversity of CRZ isoforms is present in Hymenoptera. In order to describe the high diversity of Hymenoptera CRZ, a total of 29 Hymenoptera pro-CRZ sequences were obtained or in silico predicted. It was found that nine different isoforms of CRZ peptides are present in Hymenoptera, of which six novel isoforms, are first reported here. High diversities of CRZ were found in Apoidea and parasitoid wasps, and three modifications were found in members of Apis, Bombus and Diachasma. The present study will be helpful for further investigate the function of highly diverse CRZs in hymenopterans.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
HMGB3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of glioblastoma and is negatively regulated by miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p

High mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) is strongly involved in oncogenesis in a variety of cancers. In the present study, we have explored the role of HMGB3 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumorigenesis and have identified the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p as negative regulators of HMGB3 expression. We began by determining that endogenous HMGB3 expression levels were significantly elevated in GBM tissues and in 3 GBM cell lines. To study the function of HMGB3 in GBM, we transfected a small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) against HMGB3 into GBM cell lines U251 and LN229. MTT and tumour sphere assays demonstrated that HMGB3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Wound healing and transwell assays determined that HMGB3 knockdown substantially suppressed GBM cell migration and invasion. We evaluated the effects of HMGB3 knockdown on MAPK phosphorylation and target gene expression, finding that HMGB3 knockdown significantly reduced MAPK phosphorylation (p‐ERK (1/2), p‐p38, and p‐JNK). We then used the biologic prediction algorithm TargetScan to identify the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of HMGB3 as a target of miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p. Luciferase, qRT‐PCR, and western blot assays confirmed that miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p bind and inhibit HMGB3 expression. Finally, Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated a negative correlation between relative HMGB3 mRNA and miR‐200b/c‐3p expression levels in GBM tissue samples. Overall, the present study strongly suggests that HMGB3 promotes GBM oncogenesis through the MAPK signalling pathway while miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p inhibit its expression.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Refrigerant Charge Extraction Methods

According to the European Commission, heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) production implies 79% of the total energy consumed in households. Moreover, as 84% of this energy is still generated from fossil fuels, it is required taking measures in order to improve the current situation. One way to increase the decarbonization in households is the use of heat pumps powered by renewable energy sources. Additionally, the energy captured by heat pumps is considered renewable when a certain efficiency value is achieved (2009/28/CE directive). Nowadays, refrigerants used by heat pumps are mainly hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which have a high global warming potential (GWP) and have a clear deadline defined at F-Gas EU Regulation 517/2014. For this reason, natural refrigerants will play an important role within heating, cooling and DHW production at the household sector. However, most of the natural refrigerants with acceptable thermodynamic properties are at least slightly flammable or toxic, and its use has an associated risk due to this condition. That is the cause that the amount of refrigerant charge must comply with the maximum refrigerant charge limited by regulations, and the prediction of the nominal refrigerant charge amount inside a heat pump has become an important matter within the design process of a heat pump. There already exist prediction models of refrigerant charge but, under certain conditions, they do not fit the reality. The current prediction methods which use simulation models may be improved by knowing the actual distribution of the refrigerant inside the different components of a real heat pump. In order to empirically determine the refrigerant charge amount inside each part of the heat pump, several methods can be used, but the most employed one is the “remove and weight” technique. This technique consists in extracting the refrigerant charge of each element of the heat pump in a sample cylinder in order to weight it, after isolating each component from another. A similar but less precise approach of this method is employed when recovering refrigerant in maintenance or decommissioning tasks. In this contribution, a theoretical and experimental study of different charge extraction methods is presented. In the study, every method has been analyzed according to different factors: percentage of refrigerant extracted, security measures employed, the time needed until stability is reached and cost of the technique. The results of this study will help in the selection of best extraction method according to the precision of the results needed, the available resources and the training of the staff which in the end will be performing the experiments.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Australia

Since 2009 there has been increased interest in Australian universities’ ability to demonstrate that their students have acquired knowledge and skills as specified by them in the form of graduate attributes or institutional learning outcomes. This paper describes research undertaken in Australia to identify a comprehensive set of generalized learning outcomes for undergraduate study and a set of criterion-based standards to assist in grading of achievement of those outcomes. It was discovered that although Australian universities document institutional- and course-based learning outcomes for their programs, they generally do not assess students at this level. Instead, the majority of assessment of learning outcomes is at the subject level, and frequently these outcomes do not align well with the course- or institutional-based outcomes that have also been specified. In spite of this, it appears possible to identify generalized assessment tasks for subjects and use constructive alignment between subjects, course curriculum, and chosen course-based learning outcomes, which could be used to reliably measure course outcomes and compare results between universities. These developments are framed in terms of the assessment transparency framework, which provides insight into the current “as-is” situation as well as an indication of what is needed to move learning outcomes assessment toward a fully implemented “ideal” across the higher education sector.

Topic: Higher Education Learning Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A high-speed algorithm for propagation-type labeling based on block sorting of runs in binary images

A fast algorithm for component labeling of binary images is proposed. Component labeling is an important method for separation of objects in document image understanding, especially in character and picture extraction. The proposed algorithm is based on sorting and tracking of runs and label propagation to the connected runs. Each scan line is partitioned into small segments, i.e. blocks and runs on the scan line are sorted according to the block sequence to speed up tracking of runs. It was ascertained by experiment that the processing time is 16.7 times faster than that of the conventional pixel-based labeling method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Digital Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improving the reporting of immunoassay specificity.

Journal Article Improving the reporting of immunoassay specificity. Get access J S Krouwer J S Krouwer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 32, Issue 10, 1 October 1986, Pages 1980–1981, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.10.1980b Published: 01 October 1986

Topic: Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural changes and permeability of ivy (<i>Hedera helix</i> L.) leaf cuticles in relation to leaf development and after selective chemical treatments

summary The fine structure of ivy leaf cuticles was investigated as a function of leaf development before and after cuticle isolation as well as after selective extraction of cuticle components. Cuticle mass increased with increasing age from 234°3 to 539.1 μg cm −2 Waxes increased from 12.3 to 18.6%, of cuticle mass from young to old leaves. However, percentages of cutin and non‐lipid constituents did not vary significantly with leafage. They represented approx. 58 and 26%, of the cuticle mass, respectively. Cuticle thickness determined from electron and light microscopy increased 12–fold during leaf growth to reach 4.25 μm for mature leaves. Transmission electron microscopy of transverse sections of non‐isolated and isolated cuticles showed an outer lamellate zone gradually merging from an inner reticulate zone the thickness of which increased with leaf growth. The lamellate zone appeared very early ( in vitro unexpanded leaf) and was characterized by a constant thickness (0.2 μm). Cuticle lamellation seemed to disappear after extraction of soluble cuticular wax, which confirmed intracuticular wax localization in lamellae. Electron‐dense fibrillae observed in the reticulate zone disappeared after acid hydrolysis showing that they are made of non‐lipid components. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the presence of crystalline structures and revealed a cuticle disorganization alter wax extraction. Permeability measurements showed an increase rather than a decrease in glyphosate and isoproturon diffusion through cuticles with increasing leafage, suggesting that the main barrier to diffusion is the outer lamellate zone. A considerable increase in isoproturon penetration through cuticles resulted from the wax extraction, demonstrating the major role of wax in the control of cuticular permeability to this herbicide.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Strategic profiling and the value of wine &amp; tourism initiatives

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on wine and tourism, as it explores the value contribution of tourism in the context of strategic grouping of wineries. Design/methodology/approach A panel of three online surveys about the strategic management of German wine estates served to analyze wine and tourism as potential strategic levers. More than 300 German wineries participated in the surveys. Findings Almost 50 per cent of the interviewed wineries planned to extend their tourism services. The implementation rate is high and reaches nearly the level of new product implementation. Tourism is therefore highly relevant. It can serve to profile in the market. Cost leaders and boutique wineries were two strategic groups indicating reluctance to pursue tourism-based strategic initiatives. The data illustrate a potential strategic trade-off between tourism and export management. Research limitations/implications The study is neither representative for the German nor for an international winery population. Data were generated in a broader context of strategic and innovation management research. Descriptive analyses dominate the explorative study. Practical implications Extending services to win tourists helps to differentiate and to attract new clients. For less differentiated strategies (price-value and quality-leadership), tourism can be a strategic lever to sustainably increase profits. Smaller wineries need to strategically assess their growth option. They may face a strategic dilemma whether to export their goods or to add tourism offer components. Fierce international competition and restrictions due to small size represent export barriers, favoring a strategy to exploit market potentials via tourism. Concerted wine tourism efforts require a more sensitive approach considering the individual strategic motivation of wineries. The strategic value depends on the strategic grouping. Social implications Wine and tourism can create regional and thereby social value. Addressing the strategic value of tourism for the individual wineries fosters tourism engagement and encourages a cluster approach. Originality/value Literature universally praises the synergetic value of wine and tourism. This research proposes a more sensitive approach reflecting strategic groupings and individual value contribution of tourism activities for the wine estates.

Topic: Wine Industry and Tourism
Subfield: Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
On the topology of the set of critical equilibria

Abstract In this study, we explore the connection between the dimension of a pure exchange smooth economy and the topology of the set of the critical equilibria. In particular, using the dual framework developed by Balasko, we show that the set of regular equilibria is path connected if two consumers (goods) and at least four goods (consumers) exist, or if the sum of the number of goods and consumers is even. This result depends mainly on the fact that a real projective space of dimension n , , which is embedded in , does not disconnect unless .

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Unraveling the Complexities of Art Auction Sale Information

Research involving the financial value of an artist's work can be one of the most difficult areas of research. The following guide to auction sale indexes, price guides and catalogs, prepared for users of the New York Public Library, aims to make that research less complicated by organizing scattered information in a guide that is easy to use.

Topic: Art History and Market Analysis
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Use Pattern of Oral PDE-5 Inhibitors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

This study was designed to investigate the use pattern of oral phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors in Jeddah, SA. All participants (n = 500) above 18 years who sought oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors from community pharmacies were included in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to a 100 community pharmacies and a computer program was used for data analysis. Of the 500 distributed questionnaires, 337 were received (response rate 67.4%), it was found that 270 (80%) of the respondents had been taking anti-erectile dysfunction drugs without consultation with their doctors and 67 (20%) of respondents had been using their drugs after consultation. The majority of the respondents, 188 (55.7%) had been using phosphodiesterase Type 5 without any medical evidence of Erectile Dysfunction as indicated by themselves, which is statistically significant (p ≤ 0.005). It was found that 115 (34.1%) of the respondents were not aware of the side effects. The correlation between satisfaction of sexual performance before and after using is (rho. = 0.516) and is highly significant (p < 0.001). There is an obvious misuse of oral phospho- diesterase type 5 inhibitors in the Jeddah community.

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Beyond Reduction

Abstract Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness and intentionality are uniquely irreducible. The “explanatory gap” between mind and body seems to be an urgent and fascinating problem if one assumes that intertheoretic reductions are the rule in the special sciences, with the mind as the lone exception. While this debate was going on in philosophy of mind, however, philosophers of science were rejecting this very sort of reductionism: intertheoretic reductions are not ubiquitous but rare. This book argues that post‐reductionist philosophy of science poses problems for all the familiar positions in philosophy of mind and calls for a deep rethinking of the problematic. To this end, a new perspective, Cognitive Pluralism, is urged.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1416839: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conservation assessment of five new records for the Orchidaceae of Colombia

Following the IUCN criteria, we assess the risk of extinction for &amp;#64257;ve orchid species recorded for the &amp;#64257;rst time from Colombia: Acianthera viridis (Luer &amp; Hirtz) Luer, Dichaea lankesteri Ames, Epidendrum lavendulum H&amp;aacute;gsater, Masdevallia ariasii Luer, and Stenia stenioides (Garay) Dodson &amp; R.Escobar. We propose a preliminary global Red List categories of Endangered, Least Concern, Endangered, Vulnerable, and Least Concern, respectively, for these species. The main threats of these orchids are habitat degradation, small and degraded AOO and EOO, and a small number of known populations. The Cara&amp;ntilde;o river basin, where these species occur in Colombia, is an important site for orchid conservation. Consequently, strategies are needed to ensure its preservation.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences