jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS AND THE AETIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD ARTERIAL ISCHEMIC STROKE

Objective – To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time-of-flight (TOF)-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) characteristics of children with arterial ischemic stroke and correlate them with the aetiology. Methods – We performed a retrospective review of clinical records and imaging (MRI and MRA) of 34 children (8 months to 17 years) with arterial ischemic stroke. Results – The group contained 14 females and 20 males. Risk factors were congenital heart disease (CHD) in 8, sickle cell disease in 2, prothrombotic abnormalities in 7, vasculitis in 5 (varicella in 2, neuroborreliosis in 1), trauma in 3, steno-occlusive cerebral arteriopathy, herniation due to intracranial bleeding, complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage with vasospasm, and arterial dissection with and without previous trauma. In 5 of the 34 patients the aetiology was undetermined. The most common infarctions were observed in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery, followed by the posterior circulation. The intracranial MRA was normal in 15 of the 34 children. In all but one patient with cryptogenic stroke MRA was normal. Conclusion – MRI is helpful to determine the exact location and limit of the infarct zone. The absence of cerebral arteriopathy on TOF-MRA in childhood stroke suggests a nonvascular cause; mainly cryptogenic stroke, but also prothrombotic abnormalities and CHD.

Topic: Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin Domain-Containing Proteins in Gossypium and the Role of GhMACPF26 in Cotton Under Cold Stress

The membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain-containing proteins are involved in the various developmental processes and in responding to diverse abiotic stress. The function and regulatory network of the MACPF genes are rarely reported in Gossypium spp. We study the detailed identification and partial functional verification of the members of the MACPF family. Totally, 100 putative MACPF proteins containing complete MACPF domain were identified from the four cotton species. They were classified into three phylogenetic groups and underwent multifold pressure indicating that selection produced new functional differentiation. Cotton MACPF gene family members expanded mainly through the whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental followed by the dispersed. Expression and cis-acting elements analysis revealed that MACPFs play a role in resistance to abiotic stresses, and some selected GhMACPFs were able to respond to the PEG and cold stresses. Co-expression analysis showed that GhMACPFs might interact with valine-glutamine (VQ), WRKY, and Apetala 2 (AP2)/ethylene responsive factor (ERF) domain-containing genes under cold stress. In addition, silencing endogenous GhMACPF26 in cotton by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method indicated that GhMACPF26 negatively regulates cold tolerance. Our data provided a comprehensive phylogenetic evolutionary view of Gossypium MACPFs. The MACPFs may work together with multiple transcriptional factors and play roles in acclimation to abiotic stress, especially cold stress in cotton.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LOCALIZED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SIGNALING IN MUSCLE: Calcium Sparks and Calcium Quarks

▪ Abstract Subcellularly localized Ca 2+ signals in cardiac and skeletal muscle have recently been identified as elementary Ca 2+ signaling events. The signals, termed Ca 2+ sparks and Ca 2+ quarks, represent openings of Ca 2+ release channels located in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In cardiac muscle, the revolutionary discovery of Ca 2+ sparks has allowed the development of a fundamentally different concept for the amplification of Ca 2+ signals by Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release. In such a system, a graded amplification of the triggering Ca 2+ signal entering the myocyte via L-type Ca 2+ channels is accomplished by a recruitment process whereby individual SR Ca 2+ release units are locally controlled by L-type Ca 2+ channels. In skeletal muscle, the initial SR Ca 2+ release is governed by voltage-sensors but subsequently activates additional Ca 2+ sparks by Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release from the SR. Results from studies on elementary Ca 2+ release events will improve our knowledge of muscle Ca 2+ signaling at all levels of complexity, from the molecule to normal cellular function, and from the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle force to the pathophysiology of excitation-contraction coupling.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
"I Am a New Breed. A Rebel.": Defying Hegemonic Identity Constructions in Contemporary Arab-American Women Writers

This dissertation presents a critical study of the role that contemporary Arab-American women writers play in creating an insurgent female identity and resisting different modalities of identity construction for the Arab and Arab-American women in their writings. Stepping beyond a binary discourse of "us" and "them," these writers disclose several dehistoricized formulations which perpetually locate and dislocate Arab women living in the U.S. within multiple forms of hegemonies. Confirming the heterogeneous experiences of Arab-American women who are constantly constructed through the limited lens of homogeneity and monolithism, these authors present a thorough examination of diverse female hybrid subjects amid multiple imbrications of power structures. In an attempt to defy all forms of essentialism, generalization, and categorization, I examine how Diana Abu-Jaber's Crescent, Leila Ahmed's A Border Passage, and Laila Halaby's West of the Jordan are transgressing a normative paradigm already conceptualized in the mainstream western culture for the Arab-American woman hybrid. These authors not only are deconstructing several modalities of female identity for Arab women in the West, but they also are rejecting their homelands' patriarchal, nationalist, and anti-colonial emancipatory discourses. Throughout this dissertation, I present a critique of different modalities of cultural identity and hybridity as conceptualized by U.S. multiculturalism, cultural nationalism, imperialist colonialism, and western cultural essentialism. My study is situated within a postcolonial-transnational feminist context that examines the life of "U.S. Third World women" and the challenges they face socially, culturally, politically, sexually, and psychologically as integrated within a postcolonial theoretical paradigm. The study offers a historically contextualized approach that analyzes Arab-American women as postcolonial subjects situated within "scattered hegemonies," a term coined by theorists Inderpal Grewal and Caren Kaplan. This approach is consistent with a transnational feminist practice which transcends a restricted focus on women's relationship to patriarchal structures, and articulates women's lives within larger historicized hegemonies. In addition to the critical discourse of postcolonial and transnational feminists like Chandra Mohanty, Gayatri Spivak, Trinh Minh-ha, and Gloria Anzaldúa, this study integrates the new voices of Arab and Arab-American feminists, such as Nawar Al-Hassan Goley, Joanna Kadi, Susan Darraj, Carol Fadda-Conrey, Nadine Naber, Lisa Majaj, and others.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of the Potential Skin Application of Plectranthus ecklonii Benth.

Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. has widespread ethnobotanical use in African folk medicine for its medicinal properties in skin conditions. In this study, two different basic formulations containing P. ecklonii extracts were prepared, one in an organic solvent and the other using water. The aqueous extract only contained rosmarinic acid (RA) at 2.02 mM, and the organic extract contained RA and parvifloron D at 0.29 and 3.13 mM, respectively. RA in aqueous solution permeated skin; however, in P. ecklonii organic extract, this was not detected. Thus, P. ecklonii aqueous extract was further studied and combined with benzophenone-4, which elevated the sun protection factor (SPF) by 19.49%. No significant cytotoxic effects were observed from the aqueous extract. The Staphylococcus epidermidis strain was used to determine a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 10 µg·mL−1. The aqueous extract inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase by 59.14 ± 4.97%, and the IC50 value was 12.9 µg·mL−1. The association of the P. ecklonii extract with a UV filter substantially elevated its SPF efficacy. Following the multiple bioactivities of the extract and its active substances, a finished product could be claimed as a multifunctional cosmeceutical with broad skin valuable effects, from UV protection to antiaging action.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Image of the enemy in political communication (based on the newspaper “Znamya” for 1944)

This article is dedicated to realization of image of the &amp;ldquo;enemy&amp;rdquo; in political communication (on the example of the newspaper &amp;ldquo;Znamya&amp;rdquo; for 1944). Special attention is given to the analysis of image of the &amp;ldquo;enemy&amp;rdquo; on different levels of publicistic text: linguistic, figurative, and associative. It is established that the image consists of macro-paradigms and mini-paradigms in spatial zones that are founded on the opposition &amp;ldquo;own &amp;ndash; alien&amp;rdquo;. Macro-paradigms and mini-paradigms within the author&amp;rsquo;s view mostly consist of the following oppositions: German &amp;ndash; fascist, German &amp;ndash; murderer, German &amp;ndash; beast, enemy &amp;ndash; fascist&amp;rsquo; accomplice. The author&amp;rsquo;s special contribution lies in introduction of the new archival material into the scientific discourse (unstudied the selection of the articles from the newspaper &amp;ldquo;Znamya&amp;rdquo; for 1944), which allows analyzing the image of &amp;ldquo;enemy&amp;rdquo; that has not previously become the object of research in the publicistic text of the regional media. The scientific novelty lies in the complex use of comparative and structural methods: comparative for tracing the similarities and differences in implementation of the main paradigms of image of the &amp;ldquo;enemy&amp;rdquo;; and the structural for determining the composition and content of the image paradigms.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Tailored Lifestyle Intervention for Obese, Sedentary, Primary Care Patients

The Annals of Family Medicine encourages readers to develop a learning community of those seeking to improve health care and health through enhanced primary care. You can participate by conducting a RADICAL journal club and sharing the results of your discussions in the Annals online discussion for

Topic: Obesity and Health Practices
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Several editions of Zuanzhufenleidushi(纂註分類杜詩)

Zuanzhufenleidushi(纂註分類杜詩) is the representative edition of Li(李)dynasty, espeicially editted by talented scholars who could say their own opinion about the poetry of Dufu(杜甫) als., This edition had published nine times throughout the entire dynast, five times of movabletype characters, four times of woodblock types. These publications of Dufu

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abnormal Longitudinal, Base-to-Apex Myocardial Perfusion Gradient by Quantitative Blood Flow Measurements in Patients With Coronary Risk Factors

Background A longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion gradient has been described in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and was attributed to diffuse coronary luminal narrowing. We asked whether an abnormal perfusion gradient also existed in patients without CAD but with coronary risk factors. We measured myocardial blood flow (MBF) with 13 N-ammonia and PET at rest and during hyperemia in patients with coronary risk factors but without CAD. Methods and Results Regional MBF was measured in absolute units with 13 N-ammonia and PET at rest and during dipyridamole hyperemia in 36 patients with coronary risk factors (age, 55±10 years) and in 36 age-matched (age, 53±10 years) and in 28 young (age, 25±5 years) normal subjects. MBF was determined globally, for each of the 3 coronary territories, and in the mid and mid-to-apical sections of the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial perfusion on qualitative analysis was normal at rest and during hyperemia, and no flow defects were present. MBF in absolute units was similar in the 3 coronary territories. However, hyperemic MBFs in the mid-to-apical LV section were lower than in the mid LV section in the “at-risk” group (2.04±0.61 versus 1.71±0.40 mL · min −1 · g −1 ; P &lt;0.004) but not in the age-matched or in the young normal subjects. Conclusions The abnormal longitudinal, base-to-apex perfusion gradient observed during dipyridamole MBF suggests the presence of a functional and/or structural alteration of the coronary circulation associated with coronary risk factors, possibly reflecting developing coronary atherosclerosis or preclinical CAD.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
USING E-LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS’ WRITING OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS

E-learning refers to electronic learning using technology devices as a learning media to motivate and sharpen students’ writing skill. The purpose of the research is to obtain empirical data about whether or not the effects of using e-learning model on students’ writing of descriptive texts. The research was conducted at SMK An-Nuqthah Tangerang of class X in the second semester of 2015-2016 academic year. Research method was experiment by using e-learning model in the first class and without e-learning (conventional model) in the second class with 25 participants of each class. The data were taken from students’ descriptive texts. The results showed that the highest score in the experimental class was 94 while the lowest one was 66. In addition, the highest score in the control class was 86 whereas the lowest one was 60. It was found that the value of tobtained was higher than the value of ttable (3.08 > 2.01) with df = 48 and a = 0.05. Since H1 was accepted, it proved that there was a significant difference of using e-learning model on students’ writing of descriptive texts

Topic: Educational Methods and Media Use
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Grammar of Pain

Abstract This paper discusses Wittgenstein’s conception of grammatical investigations and shows how such an investigation, rightly understood, can elucidate the concept of pain. Philosophical attention to the concept of pain tends to lead philosophers in very different directions. A certain set of examples of uses of the concept might lead your thinking “outwards” towards behaviourism, whereas another set of examples might lead you inwards. I develop an understanding of grammatical investigations that does not hide complexities of language, arguing that grammar is as complex as the phenomenon of pain is. In divergence with e.g. Peter Hacker, I try to show how “grammatical investigations” cannot result in rules for the correct uses of language. The formulation of such rules tends to come together with a ‘one-sided diet’ (PI § 593). In contrast, I argue that what pain can teach us about grammar is that grammar, in Wittgenstein’s sense, is not, and cannot be, regulatory, and that it is the elasticity of a concept, if anything, that is its essence.

Topic: Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantifying Shock Effects of Mars Sample via Micro‐FTIR Spectra of Plagioclase

Abstract Precisely constraining the shock pressure of a Mars sample is critical for revealing the shock condition, geological process, and habitability of the Martian surface. The crystal structure of plagioclase is sensitive to the moderate shock pressure, such that its infrared spectra may record the shock state of Martian materials. In this study, we present a new way for quantifying the shock pressure via the micro‐FTIR spectra of plagioclase by re‐analyzing the published spectra of experimental shocked feldspars. Using the absorption area of micro‐FTIR in the range of ∼1,000–1,150 cm −1 , the shock pressures of plagioclases from three types of Mars meteorites were constrained. The results show that the nakhlite Northwest Africa (NWA) 10645, shergottite Tindouf 002, and martian breccia NWA 11220 have the shock pressure of 18.5 ± 5.2 GPa, &gt;30 GPa, and 0–24.2 GPa, respectively. Our work demonstrates that the micro‐FTIR spectra of plagioclase is not only a quantitative tool for constraining the moderate shock pressure (&lt;30 GPa) of Martian materials but also a useful technique for recognizing the high‐pressure phase maskelynite from plagioclase‐glass and evaluating the shock effects of Mars samples. In the future, this method will be available for the analysis of Mars samples returned by China's Tianwen‐3 mission in around 2030.

Topic: Planetary Science and Exploration
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pressure Wave Propagation with Bubble Collapse in a Venturi Tube

We focused on a venturi tube for the purpose of generating highly efficient and simple micro bubbles, and we conducted experimental research. Measurement of visualization and measurement of pressure wave were performed on the refinement behavior of bubbles flowing in the venturi tube. The experiment was conducted under the condition that the gas phase flow rate ratio was changed as a parameter under the condition of transition to supersonic flow at the throat. From the visualization observation, it was found that the collapse position shifts to the downstream as the gas phase flow ratio increases. In the bubble collapse, there was a liquid jet, which had an aspect ratio sharply rising in the latter half of shrinkage and bubbles which disintegrated without changing the aspect ratio without generating a jet. In addition, in the state of maximum shrinkage, it was confirmed that the surface was miniaturized after numerous irregularities were formed on the surface. As the gas phase flow rate ratio increases, the bubble collapse position transitions to the downstream and eventually does not shrink. It was confirmed that the pressure wave propagated downstream of the bubble collapse position. It was found that there is a correlation between the position where the bubble contracts and the position where the pressure wave occurs.

Topic: Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Horizontal transfers of Mariner transposons between mammals and insects

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: Active transposable elements (TEs) can be passed between genomes of different species by horizontal transfer (HT). This may help them to avoid vertical extinction due to elimination by natural selection or silencing. HT is relatively frequent within eukaryotic taxa, but rare between distant species. Findings: Closely related Mariner-type DNA transposon families, collectively named as Mariner-1_Tbel families, are present in the genomes of two ants and two mammalian genomes. Consensus sequences of the four families show pairwise identities greater than 95%. In addition, mammalian Mariner1_BT family shows a close evolutionary relationship with some insect Mariner families. Mammalian Mariner1_BT type sequences are present only in species from three groups including ruminants, tooth whales (Odontoceti), and New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). Conclusions: Horizontal transfer accounts for the presence of Mariner_Tbel and Mariner1_BT families in mammals. Mariner_Tbel family was introduced into hedgehog and tree shrew genomes approximately 100 to 69 million years ago (MYA). Most likely, these TE families were transferred from insects to mammals, but details of the transfer remain unknown.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Delineato: Designing Distraction-Free Guis

A large amount of software products offer a wide<br> range and number of features. This is called featuritis or creeping<br> featurism and tends to rise with each release of the product. Feautiris<br> often adds unnecessary complexity to software, leading to longer<br> learning curves and overall confusing the users and degrading their<br> experience. We take a look to a new design approach tendency that<br> has been coming up, the so-called “What You Get is What You<br> Need” concept that argues that products should be very focused,<br> simple and with minimalistic interfaces in order to help users conduct<br> their tasks in distraction-free ambiences. This isn’t as simple to<br> implement as it might sound and the developers need to cut down<br> features. Our contribution illustrates and evaluates this design method<br> through a novel distraction-free diagramming tool named Delineato<br> Pro for Mac OS X in which the user is confronted with an empty<br> canvas when launching the software and where tools only show up<br> when really needed.

Topic: Usability and User Interface Design
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
NONCOMMUTATIVE CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

By forming completions of families of noncommutative polynomials, we define a notion of noncommutative continuous function and locally bounded Borel function that give a noncommutative analogue of the functional calculus for elements of commutative <TEX>$C^{*}$</TEX>-algebras and von Neumann algebras. These notions give a precise meaning to <TEX>$C^{*}$</TEX>-algebras defined by generator and relations and we show how they relate to many parts of operator and operator algebra theory.

Topic: Advanced Operator Algebra Research
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Complementary Metal Oxide SemiconductorsñMicroelectromechanical Systems Integration

A review of the integration of the complementry metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) circuit with the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures for sensing and RF applications has been presented. Specifically, the integrated mechanical sensors, chemical gas sensors, and biochemical sensors have been discussed. Application of MEMS as switches, varactors, and inductors and their integration in RF circuits has also been highlighted. The fabrication and design challenges for the CMOS-MEMS integration have been described. A new design methodology for integration of thermal effects in an integrated pressure sensor has been proposed.

Topic: Mechanical and Optical Resonators
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences