jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on Antioxidation in Vivo of Cold-pressed Grape Seeds Superfine Powder(CP-GSSP)

[Purpose]: To explore the vivo antioxidation of cold-pressed grape seeds superfine powder(CP-GSSP). [Methods]: Sixty mice were randomly divided into CP-GSSP low, medium and high dose groups(323, 646, 1 938 mg/(d· kg)), VE group(25 mg/(d·kg)), aging model group and normal control group. The mice of normal control group were intraperitoneal injected with physiological saline, whereas, other groups were intraperitoneal injected with D-galactose to build aging mice models. Along with intraperitoneal injection, the mice of CP-GSSP groups, VE group, aging model group and normal control group were intragastric administered with CP-GSSP of different doses, VE, edible oil, edible oil, expectively. 45 days later, the content of MDA, the abilities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum as well as brains were detected. [Results]: Morphology level: CP-GSSP can resist the aging performance both in physical characteristics and active ability caused by D-galactose without adverse effects in brains. Biochemistry level: CP-GSSP can significantly reduce the content of MDA, improve the abilities of SOD and GSH-Px both in serum and brians. [Conclusions]: CP-GSSP could inhibit the lipid peroxidation and improve the ability of endogenous antioxidases of aging mice. The result showing that CP-GSSP has a good anti-aging effect.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Correlation between Erythrocyte Membrane Na+K+ATPase and Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patient

Diabetes Mellitus is the most common of the serious metabolic diseases. It is characterized by metabolic abnormalities; by long-term complication. Correlation between erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ATPase and plasma homocysteine levels in patient. This study was conducted in 29 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and 15 healthy controls. Erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ATPase activity and malondialdehyde were measured spectrophotometrically. Plasma homocysteine levels were measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. When compared to the control group, mean plasma homocysteine levels were found to be increased (p&amp;amp;lt;0.001) and mean Na+K+ATPase values of erythrocyte membranes activities were found to be decreased (p&amp;amp;lt;0.05). There was a negative correlation between erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ATPase and plasma homocysteine levels in patient group (p&amp;amp;lt; 0,01; r= - 0,49), but any correlation was not detected in the control group. Malondialdehyde was measurement in the tip 2 diabetic patients decreased more than control group. We found an increased plasma homocysteine levels and decreased erythrocyte membranes Na+K+ATPase activities in Diabetes Mellitus group. We think that the decrease in activities of Na+K+ATPase may be due to the increased plasma homocysteine levels. It was concluded that to be more impact in diabetes which is a complicated disease, cell membrane lipids of oxidation with starting negative the table as a result of high homocysteine levels and reduced antioxidant capacity.

Topic: Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
News briefs

The European Commission organised on 29 October 2013 a meeting in Luxembourg with participation of EU neighbouring countries that had not been fully involved in the European stress tests (Armenia, Belarus and Turkey), as well as from the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group. The Russian Federation was also invited but declined participation. The meeting provided a good opportunity to present and discuss the status of the stress tests already performed or planned in these countries with existing nuclear power plants such as Armenia or for those like Belarus and Turkey that are planning new nuclear projects.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Root and delay parameters for normalized Bessel and Butterworth low-pass transfer functions

Tables are given for the roots of the normalized low-pass Bessel and Butterworth transfer functions in both Cartesian and polar form. The latter form is especially useful when designing transitional (Butterworth-Thomson) functions. The tables cover the orders 1 through 30 inclusive. In addition, the group delay characteristics for each of the above orders are tabulated for both the Bessel and Butterworth functions.

Topic: Digital Filter Design and Implementation
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Ultrastructural morphometric studies of the myocardium of cardiomyopathic hamsters of the BI0 8262 strain].

Tissue of myocardium from (8262) hamsters, 2, 6 and 27 weeks of age, were analyzed with quantitative microscopic techniques. Besides alterations of some other structures, we found the most evident changes in the mitochondrial abnormalities exist at all ages. They may be related to defective energetic mechanism.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The development of compensation theories in international expropriation law

The majority of states recognize the lawfulness of expropriation or nationalization of foreign property, provided the taking is non-discriminatory; there is a public purpose; compensation is paid for the taken property; and due process of law is respected. The standard of compensation paid for the taken property is the most disputed requirement. This work examines the development of compensation theories through the most important milestone cases, the Hull and Calvo doctrines, United Nations’ documents and the Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law of the United States.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Complications of Scarf Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of troughing and stress fracture, which are the major complications of scarf osteotomy, and to suggest methods to prevent these complications. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 243 cases of 137 patients treated with the scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus from January 2005 to December 2012. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. During the scarf osteotomy, a long oblique longitudinal osteotomy was performed in order to decrease the possibility of troughing and stress fracture. Radiographs of lateral view of the foot were obtained and the thicknesses of the first metatarsal base at the sagittal plane were measured and compared. Results: There was no troughing during fragment translation and screw fixation intraoperatively. Radiographs of lateral view of the foot taken preoperatively and at the last follow-up showed that the mean thickness of the first metatarsal was 22.4 mm preoperatively and 21.6 mm at the last follow-up, with a mean difference of 0.8 mm. And no stress fracture was observed. Conclusion: To prevent troughing and stress fracture, a long oblique longitudinal cut, parallel to the first metatarsal plantar surface, was performed, making both ends of the proximal segment truncated cone-shape, and securing the strong bony strut of the proximal segment. No troughing or stress fracture was experienced with scarf osteotomy.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Language recovery following surgery and cns prophylaxis for the treatment of childhood medulloblastoma: A prospective study of three cases

Abstract The preliminary findings of a prospective study aimed at investigating changes in the language abilities of a group of children treated for posterior fossa tumours are reported. The results indicated that there is considerable variation in the effects of tumour treatment on language abilities in the period up to 28 months post-treatment, with the presence of residual language deficits being a possible, but not inevitable, outcome. Severe semantic-lexical deficits detected immediately post-treatment improved dramatically in the first six months after treatment.

Topic: Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
People versus machines or people and machines? Current research directions within British post-medieval and industrial archaeology

This chapter reviews the continuing debate about the scope and role of industrial archaeology that was sparked by the publication of Understanding the Workplace, a research framework published by the Association for Industrial Archaeology in 2005. Since this volume focuses upon the landscape and social impacts of industrialisation, a number of industrial archaeologists have felt that the traditional interests of the discipline, the survey and recording of manufacturing processes and power systems, were being ignored or even marginalised. This discussion argues that such is not the case: that rather this research framework is complementary to these traditional research activities. Furthermore, it argues that there is now a wide range of approaches that provide a research toolkit, a set of archaeological methodologies and theoretical approaches that can be applied to the archaeology of industrialisation. Some fo these approaches concentrate wholly upon the recording of technology, others upon the landscape changes and social context. None is exclusive of the other; indeed, they work best when these issues are considered together. Together, they provide a shared research agenda allowing industrial archaeologists to explore our undertsanding of the interconnection between machine and landscape and society and technological change during the era of industrialsiation.

Topic: Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
STRATEGI ADAPTIF PEMASARAN UMKM SEMBAKO DI DESA SETONO

This study aims to analyse the marketing strategies implemented by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Setono Village in the face of local market changes. The main issue raised in this research is how the sembako MSMEs adjust their marketing strategies to survive and thrive amid limited resources, intense competition, and changing consumer behaviour. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through a case study method, data was obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that product, price, promotion, and distribution strategies are flexible and adaptive to local needs. Emphasis on social relationships and personalised service are key success factors.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Economic Impact Analysis of Marker-Assisted Breeding for Tolerance to Salinity and Phosphorous Deficiency in Rice

The benefits of developing and releasing salinity-tolerant and phosphorous-deficiency-tolerant rice in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and the Philippines are estimated for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and for conventional breeding (CB) using economic surplus analysis. Marker-assisted breeding is estimated to save at least 3–6 years in the breeding cycle and result in incremental economic benefits over 25 years in the range of $50 to $900 million compared to CB, depending on the country, stress, and time lags. Saline and phosphorus-deficient soils are difficult problems to address through CB because of undesirable traits that accompany desirable ones during the breeding process. Marker-assisted breeding, enabled by advances in genomics and molecular mapping is more precise and time-saving. Costs are estimated at $3.4 million for MAB and $2.5 million for CB, and hence the additional net benefits of MAB in rice far exceed those for CB.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MO-DE-207A-01: Impact of Statistical Weights On Detection of Low-Contrast Details in Model-Based Iterative CT Reconstruction

Purpose: Penalized-weighted least-square reconstruction has become an important research topic in CT, to reduce dose without affecting image quality. Two components impact image quality in this reconstruction: the statistical weights and the use of an edge-preserving penalty term. We are interested in assessing the influence of statistical weights on their own, without the edge-preserving feature. Methods: The influence of statistical weights on image quality was assessed in terms of low-contrast detail detection using LROC analysis. The task amounted to detect and localize a 6-mm lesion with random contrast inside the FORBILD head phantom. A two-alternative forced-choice experiment was used with two human observers performing the task. Reconstructions without and with statistical weights were compared, both using the same quadratic penalty term. The beam energy was set to 30keV to amplify spatial differences in attenuation and thereby the role of statistical weights. A fan-beam data acquisition geometry was used. Results: Visual inspection of images clearly showed a difference in noise between the two reconstructions methods. As expected, the reconstruction without statistical weights exhibited noise streaks. The other reconstruction appeared better in this aspect, but presented other disturbing noise patterns and artifacts induced by the weights. The LROC analysis yield the following 95-percent confidence interval for the difference in reader-averaged AUC (reconstruction without weights minus reconstruction with weights): [0.0026,0.0599]. The mean AUC value was 0.9094. Conclusion: We have investigated the impact of statistical weights without the use of edge-preserving penalty in penalized weighted least-square reconstruction. A decrease rather than increase in image quality was observed when using statistical weights. Thus, the observers were better able to cope with the noise streaks than the noise patterns and artifacts induced by the statistical weights. It may be that different results would be obtained if the penalty term was used with a pixel-dependent weight. F Noo receives research support from Siemens Healthcare GmbH

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Acute emphysematous cholecystitis. Report of a case and review of the literature].

The authors report a case of acute emphysematous cholecystitis (AEC) operated on at the University Hospital of ABC Medical School (São Paulo), with a review of the literature. The infrequency of this finding and the participation of local ischemic factors, associated with secondary infection by gas forming bacteria are pointed out. The authors emphasize the importance of considering this entity potentially more severe than acute non-emphysematous cholecystitis (AnEC) because in AEC gallbladder gangrene is 30 times higher and perforation occurs 5 times more frequently than in AnEC. Besides, the patient with AEC may shows no clinical signs of severity, as in the case reported, where gallbladder gangrene was seen at surgery. In AEC, diagnosis is established usually when the plain abdominal X-ray shows gas within the gallbladder or in its walls. The best results are obtained with cholecystectomy and antibiotic therapy.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the rigidity of hypersurfaces which are complete

The notion of the rigidity is important for classifying the hy- persurfaces in a real space form. It is well known that a hypersurface M n in a real space form has the rigidity in the case of the type number = 3 at each point of M n . The purpose of the present paper is to prove that M n has the rigidity in the case of M n being complete, c 6 0 and n = 3.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extending the frontiers: Reconciling accelerator and cosmic ray<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>cross sections

We simultaneously fit a QCD-inspired parameterization of all accelerator data on forward proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering amplitudes, together with cosmic ray data (using Glauber theory), to predict proton-air and proton-proton cross sections at energies near \sqrt s \approx 30 TeV. The p-air cosmic ray measurements provide a strong constraint on the inclusive particle production cross section, as well as greatly reducing the errors on the fit parameters---in turn, greatly reducing the errors in the high energy proton-proton and proton-air cross section predictions.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Composite Indicators of Sufficiency Economy Integration of Knowledge Management for Basic Education Principals

The purpose of this study  to develop composite indicators of  Sufficiency Economy (SE)  integration of knowledge management for basic education Principals, and  verify  the fit of the indicators  with empirical data. The basic education principals of Phitsanulok province service area in the year 2011 were collect to the research samples by stratified random sampling , 120 units answer  Likert's 5 scale of questionnaire, but only 110 units that answer completely information were used for  analysis by the second order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The research results shown that, Composite Indicator  from development  consisted of 5 main components and 21 indicators were fitted with the empirical data, determined from the Chi-square values = 107.13, and not statistical significance (p = 0.98224) at zero degrees of freedom (df = 140) indicated that model not different from the empirical data. Goodness of fit index (GFI = 0.91), Standardized RMR = 0.048, and Q-plot curve steeper than the diagonal. The main elements that have the highest priority consisted the knowledge acquisition that focused on participation of indicate issue of the SE philosophy into action of school, as with the main elements of knowledge  usage/utilization that have the highest priority an focused on indicators to enhance the links between the knowledge of the same type in school. Keywords: Composite indicators, Sufficiency Economy, Knowledge Management

Topic: Education, Sociology, Communication Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental observations on the etiology of lymphadenoma

The results recorded in the first part of this paper&#13;\nindicate, in The first place, that the encephalitogenic action&#13;\nof extracts of leucocyted and other tissues on the brain of the&#13;\nrabbit is not due to proteolytic action per se, as the injection&#13;\nof extracts of pancreas, as well as of commercial trypsin and pepsi&#13;\nentirely failed to reproduce the characteristic syndrome in&#13;\nthe rabbit. The result with pancreatic extracts also proves that&#13;\na lipolytic ferment plays no part in the production of the&#13;\nsyndrome.

Topic: Cancer and Skin Lesions
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quantum Many-Body Effects in Defective Transition-Metal-Oxide Superlattices

Strong electronic correlations, interfaces, and defects, and disorder each individually challenge the theoretical methods for predictions of materials properties. These challenges are all simultaneously present in complex transition-metal-oxide interfaces and superlattices, which are known to exhibit unique and unusual properties caused by multiple coupled degrees of freedom and strong electronic correlations. Here we show that ab initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) solutions of the many-electron problem are now possible for the full complexity of these systems. Within a single nonempirical theoretical approach, we unambiguously establish the site-specific stability of oxygen vacancies in the (LaFeO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/(SrFeO<sub>3</sub>) superlattice, accounting for experimental data, and predict their migration pathways. QMC calculations are now capable of playing a major role in the elucidation of many-body phenomena in complex oxides previously out of reach of first-principles theories.

Topic: Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
IFRS adoption and tax revenue performance in Africa: does Africa need tax-targeted IFRS reforms?

This paper examines the sensitivity of tax revenue performance to IFRS adoption in Africa and the implication for tax policy. The study investigated how IFRS adoption affects the level of tax revenue performance in Africa. This study is one of the foundational studies, which has investigated IFRS adoption and tax revenue performance at both macro and cross-country levels. This approach presents better inclusive evidence to support tax reforms and provides the basis to validate tax regulatory apprehensions and suspicions of the adverse impact of IFRS adoption. The paper uses data from six African countries: Botswana, Ghana, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and South Africa for the analyses. The data are sourced from World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Annualised data from 1996 to 2020 are used. The paper employs Pooled Mean Group (PMG) as the primary estimator and is validated by Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). The results showed that IFRS adoption could pose a significant risk to tax revenue mobilisation in Africa as evident by the significant negative long-run estimates. The results further revealed short-run positive IFRS effects. This is affirmed by the country-level analyses and trajectory of tax revenue performance across the sample periods of 1996 to 2020 for the selected countries during the pre- and post-IFRS era. It is therefore safe for African countries to pursue tax-targeted IFRS reforms to minimise the possible adverse effect of IFRS on tax revenue.

Topic: Taxation and Compliance Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Questions for the United Nations team managing East Timor

The chapter poses a series of questions for the United Nations manager in charge of the transition process from the burned out shell of the Indonesian (and Portuguese) legacy to a sustainable and independent East Timorese government.A key question is: what criteria can be established that will determine when the reconstruction phase has been a success, and an independent East Timor can be treated as a small but viable country, on the road to economic well-being?If there is to be any benefit at all to starting over in the wake of the devastation visited on East Timor, it will be the opportunity to learn from this extraordinary set of circumstances how people and institutions can respond to challenge and times of crisis.

Topic: Peacebuilding and International Security
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences