jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;S filter: a compact high-dispersion in-column energy filter&lt;/title&gt;

In-column magnetic energy filters have been designed so as to have the central plane of symmetry of magnetic field and anti-symmetry of the imaging electron trajectory to the dispersion direction in order to cancel 2nd order aberrations. A new S filter, on the other hand, has the anti-symmetry to the mid point of the magnetic field and has the symmetry to the imaging trajectory. In the previous filters, the magnets locate only one side of the optical axis, but the symmetry condition of S filter gives a good balancing filter shape to the optical axis of the incident beam. In all of the previous filters, the number of focuses in the x-direction is 3 for the dispersion rays, but its number increases to 4 in the S filter, giving the dispersion of 6 micrometers eV at 300 kV for the practical design and 10 (mu) m/eV for the ideal case.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Fast Feature Extraction-Based Method for Globally Accurate Registration of Multi-View Point Clouds

In this work, a new multi-view point cloud registration method is proposed, which has both pairwise registration and global registration accuracy, and solves the problem of large cumulative errors in traditional multi-view registration methods. It begins with the application of an enhanced RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) algorithm for coarse registration, followed by the design of a new ICP algorithm that utilizes KD-trees (K-Dimensional-trees) to further refine the registration. The improved RANSAC algorithm leverages the SHOT (Signatures of Histograms) feature descriptor to enhance the removal of corresponding point pairs during the coarse registration, thereby improving the accuracy of point cloud data positions. Additionally, SDP (semi-positive definite planning) is incorporated to optimize the global point cloud post-ICP (Iterative Closest Point) registration, thereby enhancing the overall robustness and accuracy of the registration process. This method aims to overcome the challenges associated with traditional ICP algorithms, such as high registration position requirements and slow convergence speed, while also offering optimization for multi-view point cloud registration. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive solution for aligning source and target point clouds, which holds potential applications in reverse engineering, 3D reconstruction, and industrial inspection.

Topic: Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lysosomes accumulate at the perinuclear region of muscle cells during chick myogenesis

Abstract Lysosomes are involved in a myriad of cellular functions, such as degradation of macromolecules, endocytosis and exocytosis, modulation of several signaling pathways, and regulation of cell metabolism. To fulfill these diverse functions, lysosomes can undergo several dynamic changes in their content, size, pH, and location within cells. Here, we studied some of these parameters during embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells. We used an anti‐lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) antibody to specifically determine the intracellular localization of lysosomes in these cells. Our data shows that lysosomes are highly enriched in the perinuclear region of chick embryonic muscle cells. We also showed that the wingless signaling pathway (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling pathway can modulate the location of LAMP2 in chick myogenic cells. Our results highlight the role of lysosomes during muscle differentiation and particularly the presence of a subcellular population of lysosomes that are concentrated in the perinuclear region of muscle cells.

Topic: Cellular transport and secretion
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Validity of Rate Regulations, State and Federal. By Robert P. Reeder, of the Philadelphia Bar. (Philadelphia: T. and J. N. Johnson Company, 1914. Pp. ix, 440.)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Legal and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
On Confidence Intervals for Process Capability Indices in a One-Way Random Model

Abstract In this article, we investigated the bootstrap calibrated generalized confidence limits for process capability indices C pk for the one-way random effect model. Also, we derived Bissell's approximation formula for the lower confidence limit using Satterthwaite's method and calculated its coverage probabilities and expected values. Then we compared it with standard bootstrap (SB) method and generalized confidence interval method. The simulation results indicate that the confidence limit obtained offers satisfactory coverage probabilities. The proposed method is illustrated with the help of simulation studies and data sets. Keywords: Bissell's formulaBootstrap calibrationGeneralized confidence intervalOne-way random effect modelProcess capability indexSatterthwaite's methodMathematics Subject Classification: Primary 62P30Secondary 62F25, 62F40 Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to the referees and the Editor for their comments and suggestions which helped in improving this paper. The second author acknowledges that financial assistance from the University Grants Commission of India for supporting this research under the Teacher Fellowship Scheme.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reduced-order models for linear systems

The author presents a brief survey of various model-reduction methods followed by some recent results on the use of reduced-order models for near-optimal control of the high-order system. Perhaps the most important application of the reduced-order model is in the design of a suitable controller for the original high-order system. Some of the simulations and computational experiments carried out for the design of controllers or compensators using reduced-order models are described. In each case, the controller was first designed and tested with the original high-order system. Next, the controller was designed for each of the reduced-order models and its performance with the original system was then evaluated for comparison.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigations on the rhizosphere microorganisms of two commonly grown fodder crops in Oman.

4 /g soil).The counts of bacteria, fungi, & actinomycetes in the outer rhizosphere of alfalfa and Rhodes grass were found to be different assumingly due to differences in root secretions of the two crops, although the outer rhizosphere of both depressed actinomycetes growth. Both crops however encouraged bacterial growth in their inner rhizosphere while encouraging fungal growth in their outer rhizosphere. The inhabiting microorganisms were further identified using suitable recommended media in order to study their practical significance in mediating the different soil beneficial processes. Three genera of bacteria were found to dominate the rhizosphere of both tested crops irrespective of the location; whether outer or inner rhizosphere. These genera are represented by Azotobacter, Pesudomonas, and Bacillus. Fungi was dominated by five genera; Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium,and Phoma. The Actinomycetes genera were dominated by Actinomyces, Chroococcus and Nostoc.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Executive dysfunction and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

The aim of this study is to analyze executive function and motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The sample consisted of 44 subjects with PD between the ages of 45 to 75, who were examined consecutively. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the duration of the disease. The control group was composed of spouses, family and accompanying members. Patients included were submitted to motor dysfunction evaluation using the UPDRS. The executive functions modalities analyzed included: operational memory, inhibitory control, planning, cognitive flexibility and inductive reasoning. Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found in all the executive domains studied. Evidence of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia correlation with executive dysfunction were not observed. Patients with PD, even in the initial phase of the disease, presented executive dysfunction. The cardinal motor signs of the disease were not correlated with the cognitive dysfunction found.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experimental pancreatic cancer and it's applcation.

われわれはDMBAを用いてラットに膵癌を, さらに, BHPを用いてハムスターに膵癌の作成を試みた. 120日以後生存したDMBAラット膵癌の発癌率は61.3%であった. また, BHPハムスター膵癌では17週以後の発癌率は97.3%であった. 両膵癌の組織像はDMBAラット膵癌では未分化癌が多く, 腺房細胞癌もみられたが, BHPハムスター膵癌では高分化型腺癌が多くみられた. 消化管ホルモンの1つであるcaeruleinをBHPに併用するとBHP単独に比べ早期に発癌し, 早期に発癌率を有意に上昇した. DMBAラット膵癌には右50%estrogen receptor陽性膵癌がみられた. 以上, 実験膵癌を用いて種々の検討が可能で, その目的に応じて種々の利用が可能である.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐ and (+)‐Balanol.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Growth And Characterization Of GSGG:Cr,Ca: A Promising New Laser Material

Single crystals of gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (GSGG) doped with Cr and co-doped with Ca have been grown using the laser-heated pedestal growth method. This material emits in an eyesafe region of the spectrum, making it a potential candidate for use as an active medium in solid state lasers for a number of applications. Samples with various concentrations of chromium were prepared and analyzed using several characterization techniques. It was found that optical spectroscopy alone is not sufficient to discriminate accurately between the (CrO<sub>4</sub>)<sup>4-</sup> or the (Cr04)3- oxyanion centers which are formed when Cr<sup>4+</sup> or Cr<sup>5+</sup> substitutes for Ga<sup>3+</sup> in the tetrahedral sites.

Topic: Solid State Laser Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regenerative Instability of Impact-cutting Material Removal in the Grinding Process Performed by a Flexible Robot Arm

Robotic machining is emerging as a viable alternative for some conventional machining tasks. Nevertheless, a challenge to cutting performance remains: vibrational instability is reported to be more severe with robotic cutting due to robot compliance. In this paper, the regenerative vibrational instability of a robotic grinding operation is studied. The objective is to find the limit of stable operation when material removal is performed by a compliant robot. The traditional approach to regenerative chatter analysis is revisited for a robotic machining process developed at Hydro-Québec's research institute for tasks on hydropower equipment. Stability lobes are established with respect to system gain (ratio of cutting rigidity over robot stiffness) versus repeat frequency (ratio of spindle frequency over the robot's first natural frequency). Robotic machining is found to be far upper-right of the first stability lobe minimum, where system gain and repeat frequency are more than one order of magnitude larger than for conventional machining. The cyclic impacting dynamics of material removal in the operation under study is invoked to investigate instability in this region. A SDOF dynamic model for the robot is excited by an impact-cutting force and the stability of the simulated response is verified while increasing the cutting depth. The limit of stable impact cutting is thus determined for the process at typical rotational speeds, from which a stability boundary is plotted versus the repeat frequency. The boundary is found to be very close to the limit predicted using the traditional approach. It is concluded that the large gain is typical for robotic machining. The impacting dynamics of material removal due to robot compliance must be considered to understand such large gain values, never occurring in conventional machining.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Generating similes effortlessly like a Pro: A Style Transfer Approach for Simile Generation

Literary tropes, from poetry to stories, are at the crux of human imagination and communication. Figurative language such as a simile go beyond plain expressions to give readers new insights and inspirations. In this paper, we tackle the problem of simile generation. Generating a simile requires proper understanding for effective mapping of properties between two concepts. To this end, we first propose a method to automatically construct a parallel corpus by transforming a large number of similes collected from Reddit to their literal counterpart using structured common sense knowledge. We then propose to fine-tune a pretrained sequence to sequence model, BART~\cite{lewis2019bart}, on the literal-simile pairs to gain generalizability, so that we can generate novel similes given a literal sentence. Experiments show that our approach generates $88\%$ novel similes that do not share properties with the training data. Human evaluation on an independent set of literal statements shows that our model generates similes better than two literary experts \textit{37\%}\footnote{We average 32.6\% and 41.3\% for 2 humans.} of the times, and three baseline systems including a recent metaphor generation model \textit{71\%}\footnote{We average 82\% ,63\% and 68\% for three baselines.} of the times when compared pairwise.\footnote{The simile in the title is generated by our best model. Input: Generating similes effortlessly, output: Generating similes \textit{like a Pro}.} We also show how replacing literal sentences with similes from our best model in machine generated stories improves evocativeness and leads to better acceptance by human judges.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Land, Memory, Reconstruction, and Justice: Perspectives on Land Claims in South Africa

In South Africa land is one of the most significant and controversial topics. Land restitution has been a complex, multidimensional process that has failed to meet the expectations with which it was initially launched in 1994. Ordinary citizens, policymakers, and analysts have begun to question progress in land reform in the years since South Africa's transition to democracy. Land, Memory, Reconstruction, and Justice brings together a wealth of topical material and case studies by leading experts in the field who present a rich mix of perspectives from politics, sociology, geography, social anthropology, law, history, and agricultural economics. The collection addresses both the material and the symbolic dimensions of land claims, in rural and urban contexts, and explores the complex intersection of issues confronting the restitution program, from the promotion of livelihoods to questions of rights, identity, and transitional justice. A valuable contribution to the field of land and agrarian studies, both in South Africa and internationally, it is undoubtedly the most comprehensive treatment to date of South Africa's postapartheid land claims process and will be essential reading for scholars and students of land reform for years to come.

Topic: Land Rights and Reforms
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Acute and chronic effects of tryptophan and alcohol on serotonin in the locus coeruleus in rats

From Volume 20 (2006), this title is published by Society of Integrated Sciences (International Medart, PO Box 37, 814 99 Bratislava 1, Slovak Republic, E-mail: publisher@nel.edu, Fax: +41 13553207).

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Misplaced Central venous Catheter in the Vertebral Artery: Endovascular Treatment of Foreseen Hemorrhage during Catheter Withdrawal

Purpose We report on the endovascular management of hemorrhage with stent-graft due to a misplaced central venous catheter in the vertebral artery (VA) during percutaneous internal jugular vein catheterization in a child. Methods A 16-year-old female was presented with the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever related chronic renal insufficiency. An attempt was made to place a central venous catheter via the right internal jugular vein without image guidance and the patient experienced dyspnea and pain at the catheter insertion site. Computerized tomography (CT) showed hemorrhage in the cervical region and upper mediastinum, also reformatted images showed that the catheter was passing through the proximal part of the VA and terminating in the right mediastinum. The catheter was removed during manual compression under angio-flouroscopic monitoring and ongoing extravasation was observed. A stent-graft was placed to the bleeding site of the VA. Results Angiography immediately after the stent-graft placement revealed complete disappearance of extravasation and patency of vertebral and subclavian arteries. Conclusion Central venous catheterization (CVC) is not a risk-free procedure and arterial injuries are in a wide spectrum from a simple puncture to rupture of the artery. Inadvertent VA cannulation is a rare and serious complication necessitating prompt diagnosis and early treatment. If an arterial injury with a large-caliber catheter occurs, endovascular treatment with stent-graft seems to be a safe and effective option in terms of achieving hemostasis and preserving arterial patency. Recent findings suggest that endovascular management of inadvertent cervical arterial injury secondary to CVC seems to be the safest strategy.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effectiveness of Virtual Teaching Tool on Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescents Affected by Flood at Uttarakhand: A Pilot Study

Background: Floods comes with devastating effects on individual and family worldwide. Flash floods are very common in India. Indian citizens have experienced a variety of floods at Uttarakhand, Kerala, Chennai, and Assam etc. The aftermath of floods can be seen on quality of life (QOL) and mental health as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims which should be improved. The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the virtual teaching tool (VTT) on measures to improve QOL and PTSD among adolescents who experienced flood at Uttarakhand. Methods: Mixed method research approach and exploratory research study, one-group pre-test-post-test designs were adopted for this study. Using a non-probability, convenient sampling technique, forty adolescents who experienced flood were selected from the Bhatwadi, Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. Tools includes demographic data, WHOQOL-BREF, PCL-5 and one subjective question. Results: VTT on measures to improve QOL and PTSD was administered after pre-test. The mean and standard deviation of post-test WHOQOL-BREF score 275.37±38.01 was higher than the mean and standard deviation of pre-test WHOQOL-BREF score 227.30±36.52. The mean and standard deviation of post-test PTSD (PCL-5) score 1.00±.00 was lower than the mean and standard deviation of pre-test PTSD (PCL-5) score 1.67±.474. There were no association between sociodemographic variables with WHOQOL-BREF score and PTSD (PCL-5) scale. There is a correlation in pre-test QOL and PTSD. People were afraid of floods, loss of lives and households, and there is acceptance to the aftermath of flood and ready to accommodate. Conclusions: VTT on measures to improve QOL and PTSD is effective and can bring the community change after among adolescents who experienced floods. Key words: Adolescents, flood, PTSD, QOL, virtual teaching tool.

Topic: Resilience and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Sand-Laden Wind Erosion Pair Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Performance of the Wind Turbine Blades

In the Inner Mongolia region, sand and dust storms are prevalent throughout the year, with sand erosion having a particularly significant impact on the performance of wind turbine blades. To enhance the performance stability of wind turbines and reduce operation and maintenance costs, this study delves into the specific impact of sand-laden wind erosion on the aerodynamic performance of scaled-down wooden wind turbine blades. The experiment conducts vehicle-mounted tests on scaled models of 1.5 MW wind turbine blades that have been eroded by wind-sand flows from different zones, analyzing the changes in aerodynamic performance of wind turbines caused by the erosion. The results indicate that with an increase in the angle of installation, both the overall power output and the wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbines show a declining trend. The power outputs of both the partially eroded group and the fully eroded group are unable to reach the rated power level of 100 W. Compared to the uneroded group, the leading-edge eroded group demonstrated higher power output and wind energy utilization coefficients across most wind speed ranges. This finding verifies the possibility that the drag-reducing effect caused by pits from leading-edge erosion has a positive impact on the aerodynamic performance of the blades. It also provides a new research perspective and strong evidence for the study of erosion effects on wind turbine blades and the optimization of their aerodynamic performance.

Topic: Wind Energy Research and Development
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences