jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Quantum Computer Power Side-Channels

With the rapidly growing interest in quantum computing also grows the importance of securing these quantum computers from various physical attacks. Constantly increasing qubit counts and improvements to the fidelity of the quantum computers hold great promise for the ability of these computers to run novel algorithms with highly sensitive intellectual property. However, in today's cloud-based quantum computer setting, users lack physical control over the computers. Physical attacks, such as those perpetrated by malicious insiders in data centers, could be used to extract sensitive information about the circuits being executed on these computers. Indeed, this work shows for the first time that power-based side-channel attacks could be deployed against quantum computers. Such attacks can be used to recover information about the control pulses sent to these computers. By analyzing these control pulses, attackers can reverse-engineer the equivalent gate-level description of the circuits, and possibly even the secret algorithms being run. This work introduces five new types of attacks, and evaluates them using control pulse information available from cloud-based quantum computers. This work demonstrates how and what circuits could be recovered, and then in turn how to defend from the newly demonstrated side-channel attacks on quantum~computers.

Topic: Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Expedient, catalyst-free, three-component synthesis of fused tetrahydropyridines in water

An expedient, three-component synthesis of oxazolo[3,2-<italic>a</italic>]pyridines and pyrido[2,1-<italic>b</italic>][1,3]oxazines was achieved under catalyst-free conditions in water.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr530 Functionally important structural elements of

U12 snRNA is analogous to U2 snRNA of the U2-dependent spliceosome and is essential for the splicing of U12-dependent introns in metazoan cells. The essential region of U12 snRNA, which base pairs to the branch site of minor class introns is well characterized. However, other regions which are outside of the branch site base pairing region are not yet characterized and the requirement of these structures in U12-dependent splicing is not clear. U12 snRNA is predicted to form an intricate secondary structure containing several stem–loops and single-stranded regions. Using a previously characterized branch site genetic suppression assay, we generated second-site mutations in the suppressor U12 snRNA to investigate the in vivo requirement of structural elements in U12-dependent splicing. Our results show that stem–loop IIa is essential and required for in vivo splicing. Interestingly, an evolutionarily conserved stem– loop IIb is dispensable for splicing. We also show that stem–loop III, which binds to a p65 RNA binding protein of the U11-U12 di.snRNP complex, is essential for in vivo splicing. The data validate the existence of proposed stem–loops of U12 snRNA and provide experimental support for individual secondary structures.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Mesoclimatological Classification System for Air Pollution Engineers

A method of deriving 3 air pollution potential indexes based on selected climatic data and meso-climate topographic factors have been developed, though not yet adequately field tested, for use by engineers in choosing between alternate factory sites. Three indexes, one for general air pollution, one for photoreac-tive air pollutants, and one for fog-reactive air pollutants, the latter two based on the first one plus sunshine and humidity factors respectively, are presented. These indexes vary with locations, not with air pollutants or time. The first index, called the GSI (General Stagnation Index) is based on a series of national maps which present a variety of climatic parameters pertinent to air pollution potential for the mid-season months of July and October. These maps, useful by themselves, have been derived from climate records from 129 Weather Bureau airport stations and from radiosonde data. The parameters used include wind speed percentages in the 0-3 and 0-12 mile/hr categories, cloud cover percentages, a nighttime stagnation factor, and a vertical ventilation factor. The GSI provides a means of estimating the additional climatic stagnation that occurs in topographically sheltered areas due to width, height and area of the valley (if present), further modified by meso- and micro-climatological factors, such as angle and aspect of slope, solar intensity, sky cover and character of surface. Specialized wind speed summaries from a variety of topographical configurations in West Virginia resulted in a graph which may be helpful in such calculations for any sheltered location from a nearby measurement of relatively unrestricted air flow such as are typically measured at the Weather Bureau airport stations.Weaknesses and possible uses of the various stagnation indexes are discussed.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from Potent siRNA Inhibitors of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit RRM2 Reduce Cell Proliferation &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a therapeutic target for DNA replication–dependent diseases such as cancer. Here, a potent small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplex against the M2 subunit of RR (RRM2) is developed and shown to reduce the growth potential of cancer cells both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Three anti-RRM2 siRNAs were identified via computational methods, and the potency of these and additional “tiling” duplexes was analyzed in cultured cells via cotransfections using a RRM2-luciferase fusion construct. Knockdown of RRM2 by the best duplex candidates was confirmed directly by Western blotting. The effect of potent duplexes on cell growth was investigated by a real-time cell electronic sensing assay. Finally, duplex performance was tested &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in luciferase-expressing cells via whole animal bioluminescence imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Moderate anti-RRM2 effects are observed from the three duplexes identified by computational methods. However, the tiling experiments yielded an extremely potent duplex (siR2B+5). This duplex achieves significant knockdown of RRM2 protein in cultured cells and has pronounced antiproliferative activity. S.c. tumors of cells that had been transfected with siR2B+5 preinjection grew slower than those of control cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; An anti-RRM2 siRNA duplex is identified that exhibits significant antiproliferative activity in cancer cells of varying human type and species (mouse, rat, monkey); these findings suggest that this duplex is a promising candidate for therapeutic development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research of the Number and Installed Capacity of the Park of Hydroelectric Units of the Georgian Hydro Power Plants

The Georgian power system with an annual electricity consumption of about 13 billion kWh is small, but has a number of technological features.As of 01.06.2021, there are 59 hydropower plants operating in Georgia with a total installed capacity of 3398.6 MW, among them 26 are medium and 32 are small, with an installed capacity in the range of 25-250 MW and 1-25 MW, respectively.26 medium and 32 small hydropower plants have a total installed capacity of 1828.2MW and 274 MW, respectively, and provide electricity in Georgia in the amount of 5.5 billion kWh of electricity, which is more than 60 % of all the country's electricity needs per year.A total of 142 hydroelectric units have been installed at Georgian hydroelectric power plants, the basis of the park is 114 units with a unit installed capacity of 1 to 25 MW, their total installed capacity is 1001.63MW.For the period up to 2027, more than 50 new medium and small hydroelectric power plants will be commissioned in Georgia.The experience of Georgian development of hydropower potential through the construction of medium and small hydropower plants, maybe interesting for the development of hydropower resources in Russia or other countries.

Topic: Global Energy Security and Policy
Subfield: General Energy
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lancashire Topography: Lucas's Mss

Journal Article Lancashire Topography: Lucas's Mss Get access C. W. Sutton C. W. Sutton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s4-VI, Issue 132, 9 July 1870, Page 35, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-VI.132.35b Published: 09 July 1870

Topic: Historical Art and Culture Studies
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Design and development of Web-Based Information System for The Batik Industry

An Information system is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. Some industries need web-based information system. Information system for the batik industry is designed to process data such as text, image, and produce information. The planning of web-based information systems needs a proactive review of the capabilities of the Internet technology to serve the particular needs of the firm and its customers. Process steps for designing the batik industry information system are software architecture, algorithm, data structure, and interface representations. The results show that the web-based information system that designed in this research is implemented successfully. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

Topic: Decision Support System Applications
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Implicit Solvent Approach Based on Generalised Born and Transferable Graph Neural Networks for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations enable the study of the motion of small and large (bio)molecules and the estimation of their conformational ensembles. The description of the environment (solvent) has thereby a large impact. Implicit solvent representations are efficient but in many cases not accurate enough (especially for polar solvents such as water). More accurate but also computationally more expensive is the explicit treatment of the solvent molecules. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been proposed to bridge the gap and simulate in an implicit manner explicit solvation effects. However, the current approaches rely on prior knowledge of the entire conformational space, limiting their application in practice. Here, we introduce a graph neural network (GNN) based implicit solvent that is capable of describing explicit solvent effects for peptides with different composition than contained in the training set.

Topic: Machine Learning in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Psychobiotics, as Promising Functional Food to Patients with Psychological Disorders: A Review on Mood Disorders, Sleep, and Cognition

Objective: Manipulating the intestinal microbiota for the benefit of the mental health is a concept that has become widely acknowledged. Prebiotics, the nondigestible nutrients, can proliferate intrinsic beneficial gut bacteria, and so provide an alternative strategy for effectively altering the enteric ecosystem, and then brain function. This review summarizes findings from studies using prebiotics to improve mental health and psychological disorders.

Methods: Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched by using â€œprebioticsâ€, â€œpsychological disordersâ€, â€œmood disordersâ€, â€œdepressionâ€, â€œanxietyâ€, â€œstressâ€, â€œsleepâ€, and â€œcognitionâ€ for searching the studies aiming the application of prebiotics and the beneficial effects of them in mental health and psychological disordersâ€™ control and/or treatment.

Results: Prebiotic consumption improved psychological and biological measures of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals with mood disorder. Overall, the results show that, through modulating the gut microbiota composition, prebiotics can beneficially affect mental health, modulate psychological disorders, and improve cognitive function and sleep/wake cycle disruptions.

Discussion: Prebiotics can improve mental health, mood, and psychological function. Habitual diets rich in dietary prebiotics would be linked to reduced risk of developing symptoms of psychological disorders; however, additional studies are necessary.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intelligent Health Monitoring System for Detection of Symptomatic/Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patient

The outbreak of the coronavirus is in its growing stage due to the lack of standard diagnosis for the patients. The situation of any populous area in a geographic location is very critical due to the quick virus spread from an infected individual to the rest. Currently, medical administration is at a crisis point due to the rapidly increasing number of cases and limited medical facilities. Thus, it is time to explore and design an intelligent model to monitor patient health symptoms remotely and predict and detect the abnormality of the patient's health status in quick succession. Thus, the health status of a coronavirus-affected patient can be identified via a well-adjusted predictive model by analyzing the observed parameters of the health. In the proposed model, an Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average is incorporated to design a predictive model to find the kth forecast of the observed health symptoms of a patient, and Akaike Information Criteria based selection is introduced to find the current best-fit prediction model. Further, the features are extracted from the forecast over each symptom to find a pattern of each patient, and the patterns are learned by the K-Means algorithm to detect the symptomatic and asymptomatic patient intelligently. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model, we evaluate the model using a synthetic dataset, generated from the health symptoms of 400 patients and compare the performance of the model with the standard methods.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Avian sex determination and sex diagnosis

AbstractThis special report is based on the proceedings of a workshop organised by the Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, the Institute for Animal Science, Mariensee and the Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), on ‘Management of newly hatched male chicks from layers.’The background was the fact that in Europe each year, about 280 million male chicks from layers are culled immediately after hatching. In Germany and in other countries, this has resulted in some public concern and political discussion. The objective of the workshop was to summarise and exchange current knowledge on sex determination and sex diagnosis in chicken with special emphasis on potential alternatives to culling male layer chicks.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Using Google and Google Scholar for Evidence-Based Dentistry

Google and Google Scholar are commonly used to find evidence to support clinical decisions. While generally easy to search, the result sets in these resources tend to be large and at times difficult to navigate. This paper describes strategies and techniques that will help clinicians overcome this difficulty and create more precise Google and Google Scholar searches.

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of Customer Oriented Product Design using Kansei Engineering and Kano Model: Case Study of Ceramic Souvenir

This research was conducted to improve the design of ceramic souvenir to meet the desires of the customers better, using the concept of Kansei Engineering and Kano Model. Kansei Engineering was used to capture and translate consumer perception (Kansei words) to be the elements of design. In addition, this research also classify or categorize Kansei words from consumer perception into attributes in the Kano Model, which then assisted with the calculation and statistical analysis. The influential Kansei words which affect the consumer satisfaction will become priorities for further design development. The results obtained from this research were the factors that influence consumer satisfaction of ceramic products which can be divided into 2 (two) main factors, i.e. factors of appearance and performance. However, based on the results of the mapping on a Kano Model, the appearance factor becomes prioritized more for development of the product design. The conjoint analysis was used to find out the relationship between Kansei words and elements of design that should be included in the appearance factor. As a result, the suggested ceramic souvenir product should have the elements of parabolic-shaped design with artificial 2D decoration, glazed texture and solid/blocked color.

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Familial predisposition to cancer and age at onset of disease in randomly selected cancer patients.

Incidence of malignancy among close relatives was used to evaluate the relationship of early age at diagnosis and familial cancer predisposition in a general population of cancer patients. The occurrence of cancer and other conditions in families of more than 1,350 randomly selected patients with a wide variety of malignancies was ascertained. Each patient was assigned to one of four study groups based on comparison of his age at diagnosis with the distribution of ages at diagnosis for his cancer site compiled by the Third National Cancer Survey. These groups consisted of patients whose ages at diagnosis were in: (1) the lowest decile, (2) the median decile, (3) above the median decile, and (4) between the lowest and median deciles. Person-years and calendar time at risk were calculated for first-degree relatives in each group. The numbers of cancers expected among these relatives were calculated using age- and time-specific incidence rates of a standard population. Statistical analysis of (1) the numbers of reported vs. expected cancers in relatives and (2) the numbers of families reporting cancer in parents or siblings of patients showed that a familial tendency to develop cancer exists in this randomly selected population of cancer patients, regardless of age at onset of malignancy in the proband. Conversely, early age at diagnosis of cancer may indicate genetic predisposition to malignancy only in exceptional cases.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of cyclosporine on renal function following orthotopic heart transplantation.

The early and late nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine was examined in 23 orthotopic heart transplant recipients and two heart-lung transplant recipients up to four years after the operation. Cyclosporine was given orally pre-operatively and intravenously for the first two to five days after the operation. Subsequent daily oral therapy, in two divided doses, was adjusted to maintain serum trough levels in the range of 150 vg/ml to 200 vg/ml. By six months after the transplantation, the trough level was reduced to approximately 100 vg/ml. The mean pre-operative creatinine was 119 +/- 27 microM/L. After the operation there was transient oliguria in all patients, the mean peak creatinine (251 +/- 104 microM/L) occurring on days two to five. By day eight, creatinine (138 +/- 68 microM/L) was not significantly different from the pre-operative value. The maximal cyclosporine trough level (479 +/- 216 vg/ml) was also seen on days two to five and declined (195 +/- 53 vg/ml) on day ten. Despite the temporal association, linear regression analysis demonstrated no correlation between the early increase in creatinine and the cyclosporine level. There was, however, a correlation between the pre-operative creatinine and the peak post-operative creatinine. Two patients required dialysis but no death could be attributed to renal failure. By six months after the operation, serum creatinine had increased to 145 +/- 53 microM/ml and thereafter, with gradual reduction in cyclosporine dosage serum creatinine levels stabilized at 197 +/- 97 mu/mL at two years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relationships Between Compositions of Seminal Plasma and Blood Plasma Parameters in Caspian Roach (Rutilus Rutilus Caspicus) During the Reproductive Season

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between compositions of seminal plasma and blood serum parameters in Caspian roach during spawning season (February, March and April). Sperm and blood samples of 10 males were collected 3 times during the spawning season. There were significant positive correlations between Mg +2 ion in seminal plasma and Na + and Ca +2 ions in blood during the reproductive season. Also, a significant positive relationship was found between seminal plasma protein and glucose of blood serum. On the other hand, protein, glucose and pH in seminal plasma correlated negatively with Na +, Ca +2 and K + ions of blood serum during spawning season respectively. Understanding of such correlations could be useful to make media base on chemical composition of seminal plasma and blood serum.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences