jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lack of Effect of Methenamine in Suppression of, or Prophylaxis Against, Chronic Urinary Infection

Methenamine is frequently prescribed for patients who have chronic urinary infection to suppress bacterial growth during active infection or to prevent recurrence once an infection has been brought under control. We have examined the effect of methenamine mandelate and ascorbic acid on bacteriuria in para- and quadriplegics from a spinal cord unit. Patients with indwelling urinary catheters and those on a program of intermittent catheterization were included. No suppressive or prophylactic effect of this regimen was observed in any of our patients. Methenamine does not appear to be an effective antimicrobial agent in subjects who have an indwelling urinary catheter or in patients with spinal cord injury who are on intermittent catheterization. Since there appears to be reason to question the efficacy of methenamine in situations in which it is usually prescribed, evidence should be sought for a therapeutic effect in other cases. If no benefit is observed, the drug should not be used.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research on An Adaptive Optimization Method of Anti-tank Missile in Plateau Environment

By analyzing the atmospheric elements of the plateau environment, the main factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of the missile are identified. From the analysis of the frequency domain characteristics of guided missiles and the guidance system parameters, we study the problem of the altitude adaptation of missiles. Comprehensive economy, adaptability, reliability and other factors were proposed to improve the dynamic characteristics of the missile's monomer under high altitude environment. The simulation results show that the method used in this paper can effectively improve the stability of the guidance system at the plateau, and the improved missile performance can basically meet the requirements of the plateau.

Topic: Guidance and Control Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A hot, low mass-loss rate inner envelope in IRC + 10216

view Abstract Citations (47) References (36) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A Hot, Low Mass-Loss Rate Inner Envelope in IRC +10216 Sahai, R. Abstract Detailed models of CO excitation in the circumstellar envelope of the late-type, carbon-rich Mira IRC + 10216 have been made in order to infer its physical properties. The best-fit model matches the intensities and shapes of all observed rotational CO lines from the object, including the J = 1-0, 2-1, 3-2, and 6-5 lines. From this model, it is determined that the gas kinetic temperature in the inner envelope is significantly larger than that predicted from a thermodynamic model which describes the extended outer envelope. The mass-loss rate in the inner envelope is significantly lower than in the outer envelope. A value of 3.2 x 10 to the -5th solar mass/yr is inferred compared to a value of 4.8 x 10 to the -5th for the extended envelope. These results indicate that the inner envelope represents a phase of reduced mass loss in the object. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: July 1987 DOI: 10.1086/165413 Bibcode: 1987ApJ...318..809S Keywords: Hot Stars; Infrared Stars; Mass Flow Rate; Stellar Envelopes; Stellar Mass Ejection; Stellar Models; Carbon Monoxide; Line Spectra; Optical Thickness; Astrophysics; INFRARED: SOURCES; STARS: CIRCUMSTELLAR SHELLS; STARS: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: IRC; 10216; STARS: MASS LOSS full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (1)

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fatigue life estimation on coke drum due to cycle optimization

In the last decade, due to the increasing demand of petroleum product, the necessity for converting the heavy oil are increasing. Thus, demand for installing coke drum in whole world will be increase. The coke drum undergoes the cyclic high temperature and suddenly cooling but in fact is not designed to withstand that kind of cycle, thus the operational life of coke drum is much shorter in comparison to other equipment in oil refinery. Various factors determine in order to improve reliability and minimize the down time, and it is found that the cycle optimization due to cycle, temperature, and pressure have an important role. From this research it is found that the fatigue life of the short cycle is decrease by a half compare to the normal cycle. It also found that in the preheating stage, the stress peak is far exceed the yield strength of coke drum material and fall into plastic deformation. This is happened because of the temperature leap in the preheating stage that cause thermal shock in the upper part of the skirt of the coke drum.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intermediate syndrome after dermal exposure to organophosphate insecticide

Intermediate syndrome (IMS) typically occurs at 24–96 hours following organophosphate (OP) poisoning, after an acute cholinergic crisis, but before OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy. It is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and respiratory insufficiency, which is a major contributing factor of OP-related morbidity and mortality. We report an atypical IMS case showing rapid-onset ascending paralysis and respiratory disturbance with an acute cholinergic crisis occurring 4–5 days after skin exposure to OP.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep evolutionary conservation of autism-related genes

Significance Sociobiological theory proposed that similarities between human and animal societies reflect similar evolutionary origins. We used comparative genomics to test this controversial idea by determining whether superficial behavioral similarities between humans and honey bees reflect shared molecular mechanisms. We found unique and significant enrichment for autism spectrum disorder-related genes in the neurogenomic signatures of a high-level integration center of the insect brain in bees unresponsive to two different salient social stimuli. These results demonstrate deep conservation for genes implicated in autism spectrum disorder in humans and genes associated with social responsiveness in honey bees. Comparative genomics thus provides a means to test theory on the biology of social behavior.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Digitization of supply chain: a case of Haryana (India) public distribution system

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to decipher the role of technology in the supply chain management (SCM); to understand the importance of supply chain integration with various stakeholders in the supply chain in increasing efficiency and effectiveness; and to comprehend the challenges in the implementation of technology in SCM. Case overview/synopsis This case study presents Haryana’s challenges in implementing the digitization of the supply of food grains to the public. Mr Srinivas, a consultant to the Department of Food and Public Distribution, is required to suggest the future roadmap while accounting for the challenges faced in the digitization of the distribution of grains to the public in the state of Haryana. The students are expected to use the information given in the case and exhibits to discuss and critically think about the various stakeholders involved when change initiatives are implemented on an organizational level and recommend solutions based on the voices of various internal stakeholders. Complexity academic level Postgraduate/Masters in Business Administration/Masters in Management. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.

Topic: Indian Economic and Social Development
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Customer Sentiment Analysis and Prediction of Insurance Products’ Reviews Using Machine Learning Approaches

The study’s goal is to analyse and predict customer reviews of insurance products using various machine learning techniques. We gathered consumer rating data from the Yelp website and filtered the initial data set to only include insurance reviews. Following cleaning, the filtered summary texts were graded as positive, neutral or negative sentiments, and the AFINN and Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER) sentiment algorithms were used to rate those sentiments. Furthermore, the current investigation employs five supervised machine learning approaches to divide customer ratings of insurance companies into three sentiment groups. The results of the current study revealed that the majority of customer reviews for the insurance products were negative, with the average number of words with negative sentiment being higher. In addition, current research discovered that while all of the approaches (decision tree, K Neighbours classifier, support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression and random forest classifier) can correctly classify review text into sentiment class, logistic regression outperforms in high accuracy. We analysed and predicted customer review messages using a variety of machine learning methods, which could help companies better understand how customers respond to their products and services. As a result, companies can learn how to use machine learning methods to better understand the behaviour of their customers.

Topic: Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fission Cross-Section Measurements of the Odd-Odd Isotopes <sup>232</sup>Pa, <sup>238</sup>Np, and <sup>236</sup>Np

Transmutation of actinide waste into fission products could be enhanced by using resonance fission of odd-odd target materials; those of interest are 232Pa, 238Np, and 242Am. Fission cross-section measurements of two of these short-lived materials were performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Samples were produced by the (d,2n) reaction in the Los Alamos Ion Beam Facility followed by fast radiochemistry to separate the odd-odd target of interest. The fission cross section of the nanogram samples was measured in a high intensity pulsed neutron beam produced by 800-MeVproton spallation. Using this procedure, the fission cross sections of the 1.3-day 232Pa and 2.1-day 238Np were successfully measured in the energy range from 0.01 eV to 50 keV. The fission cross section of the relatively long-life isotope 2S6Np was also measured in the same system while the short half-life isotopes were being prepared. The results and resonance analysis are presented.

Topic: Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
WeChat, TED Talks and Financial Education

Recent research in higher education suggests that along with flipped classrooms, blended learning is another promising pedagogy to stimulate students’ active learning experience (Oxford University Report, 2015). Compared with the courses which are taught wholly online, blended learning combines face-to-face communication and online learning, which allows students to interact with each other and with the instructor (Matukhin and Zhitkova, 2015). Although blended learning has been applied by a rapidly growing number of educators in higher education (Tomlinson, 2013; Bersin, 2004), most of the online video clips produced by the instructor or from YouTube are simply an audio version of textbooks. 
We use selected videos from TED Talks as one tutorial activity in addition to traditional tutorial exercises/activities because TED talks usually reflect the latest research outcomes in relevant fields (Raffo, 2014) and TED talks delivered by ‘thought leaders’ can also generate positive impact on students’ critical thinking and help students to become an independent learner (Giffiths and Smith, 1989; Hughes, 1999; Leathwood, 2006). In addition, we use WeChat-an app, which is used by more than 760 million people worldwide (Bloomberg, 2016) to facilitate various tutorial activities by creating a VLE to amplify the interactions in classroom learning. 

Although there is a consensus in research that group work has the potential to improve student engagement, performance, marks and retention (Lejk & Wyvill, 1997; Houldsworth & Matthews, 2000), not many blended learning courses offer the opportunity of cooperative learning. In our course design, we also explore the application of WeChat to fully engage with learners at individual and group level.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Potassium on Growth and Physiology of Alfalfa

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the "Queen of Forages," is the world's premier forage crop and the United States' third most valuable crop (over $9 billion annually), behind corn (Zea mays L.; over $52 billion) and soybeans (Glycine max L.; over $31 billion). It is a multipurpose crop that has wider adaptation and greater yielding ability. The survival, stand persistence, growth, and yield potential of alfalfa are dictated by its physiology. Potassium (K) comes to play a significant regulatory role to improve alfalfa's physiological process and maximize its productivity, particularly when an optimum and sustainable forage production is of priority. To manage alfalfa sustainably and profitably, understanding the dynamics that exists between alfalfa and potassium is, therefore, a worthwhile goal to help implement effective K fertilization strategies on intensively managed alfalfa.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
PENGAWASAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PEMBAYARAN PAJAK DAERAH YANG DIPUNGUT MELALUI SISTEM SELF-ASESSMENT

Local tax collection in Indonesia is carried out using the Official Assessment system and the Self-Assessment system. In the Self-Assessment system, all tax obligations are fulfilled by the taxpayer, Fiskus only supervises through audit procedures. The implementation of tax collection with this system really requires taxpayer compliance so that it is necessary to monitor the taxpayer's compliance. This raises problems regarding how to monitor compliance with the payment of local taxes collected through the self-assessment system. This paper uses a normative research method with a statutory approach and a legal conceptual approach. This paper concludes that the supervision of taxpayer compliance in paying taxes with a self-assessment system is carried out by examining taxpayers. The authority of the regional head to conduct audits and the obligation of taxpayers to cooperate in undergoing the examination is regulated in Article 170 of the Regional Tax and Retribution Act. The results of the tax audit are recorded in the audit report. Enforcement of regional tax law against taxpayers who do not comply begins with submitting a warning letter, if the warning letter is not heeded, it will be subject to administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions.

Topic: Local Governance and Development
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Core/Shell Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C@PANI Nanospheres Nanospheres Nanocomposites for High-Performance Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Abstract: In this work, magnetite (Fe3O4)-based core/shell composites, including Fe3O4@carbon (C), Fe3O4@polyaniline (PANI), and Fe3O4@C@PANI, are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process. The as-prepared core/shell composites are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction powder, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of Fe3O4,Fe3O4@C, Fe3O4@PANI, and Fe3O4@C@PANI are investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the as-prepared nanomaterials are all typical pseudocapacitance capacitors. Carbon shell can significantly increase the electronic conductivity of electrode materials, reduce capacity loss, and improve the reversibility of Fe3O4. PANI coatinglayer can expressively enhance the specific capacitance.Synergistic effect of double shells improves the electrochemical property of Fe3O4.Fe3O4@C@PANI composites display the high capacitance of 322.5 F g-1at 2.5 A g-1,and 87.8 % of which can still be maintained after 3000 charge–discharge cycles. The excellent electrochemicalproperties of Fe3O4@C@PANI evidence their potential application as supercapacitors in energy storage field. Reference [1]. Winter M, Brodd RJ (2004) What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors? Chem Rev 104:4245–4270 [2]. Ko¨tz R, Carlen M (2000) Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors. Electrochim Acta 45:2483–2498 [3]. Simon P, Gogotsi Y (2008) Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nat Mater 7:845–854 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21273195),a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and the Natural ScienceFoundation of Education Committee of Jiangsu Province(12KJB150023). \ \

Topic: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: Result of Autonomic Denervation?

1. To investigate the nature of sympathetic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, the microcirculatory vasoconstrictive responses to dependency were investigated in the skin of the hand of 76 reflex sympathetic dystrophy patients with unilateral disease by means of laser Doppler flowmetry (in perfusion units) and capillary microscopy. The patients were divided into three stages according to their perception of skin temperature (stage I in the case of a stationary warmth sensation, stage II in the case of an intermittent warmth and cold sensation, and stage III in the case of a stationary cold sensation). The vasoconstrictive responses were induced by lowering of the affected hand. 2. As compared to controls, the mainly sympathetically mediated vasoconstrictive response at thermoregulatory level of the skin microcirculation, as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, was attenuated at stage I (1.82 versus 1.41, P &amp;lt; 0.05), stage II (1.82 versus 1.09, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and stage III (1.82 versus 1.14, P &amp;lt; 0.01), suggesting the involvement of sympathetic denervation at all stages of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. This sympathetic denervation may also account for the observed increase in thermoregulatory skin blood flow at stage I as compared to controls (152 versus 81, P &amp;lt; 0.01). 3. Since sympathetic denervation has been reported to cause increased sensitivity of vascular structures to catecholamines, the decrease in thermoregulatory skin blood flow at stages II (54 versus 81, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and III (31 versus 81, P &amp;lt; 0.05), both as compared to controls, may result from hypersensitivity to catecholamines of skin microvessels. 4. The sympathetically independent vasoconstrictive response at the nutritive level of skin microcirculation, as measured by capillary microscopy, was impaired only at stage III as compared to controls (1.04 versus 2.06, P &amp;lt; 0.05). This divergence in microvascular reactivity upon dependency of the nutritive and thermoregulatory subsystems also supports the hypothesis of sympathetic dysfunction. 5. The disturbed vasoconstrictive responses to dependency may give rise to raised capillary pressures, contributing to the formation of oedema. 6. These findings suggest that sympathetic denervation and consequent hypersensitivity to catecholamines play an important role in the pathophysiology of reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Topic: Pain Management and Treatment
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Interleukin-15 Enhances Proteasomal Degradation of Bid in Normal Lymphocytes: Implications for Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemias

Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Interleukin-15 Enhances Proteasomal Degradation of Bid in Normal Lymphocytes: Implications for Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemias

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Freedom and Equality in a Pluralist Society: An Explanation and Defence of the Public Reason View

The paper is dedicated to replies to Christiano’s criticism of Rawlsian public reason. Although Christiano’s criticism is successful in relation to one possible interpretation of the public reason view, a better and more fructuous interpretation of the public reason view is at the disposition of the Rawlsian project. This view of public reason is deliberately an idealization. It shows how public justification would function in a well-ordered society where citizens are committed to liberal values. The shared reasons relevant for public justification are represented by the ideal of society as a fair system of cooperation between free and equal citizens, as well as by the three features of the liberal conceptions of justice (basic rights and liberties, their priority, and the means to use them). In virtue of this view of public reason, it avoids Christiano’s objection of the utopianism of shared reasons, and it replies to the inequality argument, as well as to the generality and vagueness objection, and the inconsistency argument. The advantages of the proposal in the view of public reason, in comparison to Christiano’s proceduralist democratic proposal, are shown in the reply to the inequality argument.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Post-treatment PSA, indicator of radical treatment effectiveness of localized cancer of the prostate].

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has become essential to the follow-up of radical treatment for T1-T2 tumours. Various assays are available, but require a correlation coefficient to homogenize their results. PSA is probably the most reliable marker for the follow-up of radical prostatectomy (RP), as this operation should make PSA undetectable after 3 weeks. Highly sensitive tests, with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/ml, allow the earlier laboratory detection of tumour escape (20 to 45%). Anastomotic biopsies are positive in 35 to 50% of cases. Seminal vesicle invasion and positive resection margins are more frequently associated with recurrence. The doubling time and rate of progression of PSA after RP can be used to distinguish local recurrence from metastasis. Urinary PSA is not useful in the follow-up of RP, as it is secreted by the periurethral glands. The use of the PSA after radical radiotherapy is less clearly established, as this treatment is not designed to eliminate all prostatic tissue or render PSA undetectable. Therapeutic efficacy is situated between 1 and 1.5 ng/ml according to the tests and is achieved in approximately 40% of cases after 4 years. A PSA level greater than 3 ng/ml at 3 months is indicative of a poor prognosis. Prospects for the future include the use of highly sensitive assays and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect circulating prostatic cells. The use of PSA has led to a re-evaluation of the efficacy of radical treatments and could influence the indications for adjuvant treatments.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences