jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION OF PARVALBUMIN IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION OF HUMAN FETUSES

Objective To observe the distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal formation of human fetuses. Methods The distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal formation of human fetuses at 30 week were investigated by ABC immunocytochemical technique. Results The abundant parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were localized in all regions of hippocampal formation, especially in the stratum pyramidale. In the stratum oriens of CA1\|3, the triangle or shuttle parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons with some processes were smaller and scattered in this layer. In the stratum pyramidale, the parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons distributed densely, and the processes run out to the stratum oriens and stratum moleculare. In the stratum moleculare the parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were sparser than in the stratum oriens and stratum moleculare. The parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in hilus were denser in the hippocampal formation, compared with the other regions, however, delamination of them was not distinct. The processes of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons run out to the dentate gyrus. The parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the dentate gyrus were mainly localized in the stratum granule. Few immunoreactive neurons distributed in the other layers, which were lightly stained and with no processes. In the subicular complex, the lightly stained neurons with few processes were mainly localized in the stratum pyramidale. Conclusion The abundant parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons presented in all regions of the hippocampal formation, especially in the stratum pyramidale. However, the ripe time of these neurons might be different, neurons in CA3 and hilus were earlier than in the dentate gyrus and subicular complex.

Topic: Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Serum response factor p67SRF is expressed and required during myogenic differentiation of both mouse C2 and rat L6 muscle cell lines.

The 67-kD serum response factor (p67SRF) is a ubiquitous nuclear transcription factor that acts by direct binding to a consensus DNA sequence, the serum response element (SRE), present in the promoter region of numerous genes. Although p67SRF was initially implicated in the activation of mitogen-stimulated genes, the identification of a sequence similar to SRE, the CArG box motif, competent to interact with SRE binding factors in many muscle-specific genes, has led to speculation that, in addition to its function in cell proliferation, p67SRF may play a role in muscle differentiation. Indirect immunofluorescence using affinity-purified antibodies specifically directed against p67SRF reveals that this factor is constitutively expressed and localized in the nucleus of two skeletal muscle cell lines: rat L6 and mouse C2 myogenic cells during myogenic differentiation. This result was further confirmed through immunoblotting and Northern blot analysis. Furthermore, specific inhibition of p67SRF in vivo through microinjection of purified p67SRF antibodies prevented the myoblast-myotube transition and the expression of muscle-specific genes such as the protein troponin T. We further showed that anti-p67SRF injection also inhibited the expression of the myogenic factor myogenin, implying an early requirement for p67SRF in muscle differentiation. These results demonstrate that p67SRF is involved in the process of skeletal muscle differentiation. The potential action of p67SRF via CArG sequences is discussed.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Atrial fibrillation in older adults with cancer.

Cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common co-morbid conditions in older adults. Both cancer and cancer treatment increase the risk of developing new AF which increases morbidity and mortality. Heart rate and rhythm control along with anticoagulation therapy remain the mainstay of treatment of AF in older adults with both cancer and AF. Adjustments to the treatment may be necessary because of drug interactions with concurrent chemotherapy. Cancer and old age increase the risk of both, thromboembolism and bleeding. The risk of these complications is further enhanced by concomitant cancer therapy, frailty, poor nutrition status and, coexisting geriatric syndromes. Therefore, careful attention needs to be given to the risks and benefits of using anticoagulant medications. This review focuses on the management of AF in older patients with cancer, including at the end-of-life care.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of German chamomile on symptoms and healing after mandibular third molar surgeries: A triple-blind split-mouth randomised controlled trial

Abstract Background and aim Surgical extraction of the impacted lower third molar is one of the most common surgical procedures in dentistry. Postoperative pain usually reaches its intensity 12 h after the procedure and adversely affects the patient’s quality of life for many days. Chamomile anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties have been introduced in the medical literature. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of chamomile gel in reducing postoperative pain and symptoms after impacted lower third molar surgeries. Materials and methods This study was a triple-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial with a split-mouth crossover design. The study included 70 impacted lower third molars in 35 patients (13 males and 22 females) with a mean age of 22.29 (±3.00) years. Participants’ extraction sides were randomly allocated into the study groups. Each participant was enrolled twice, i.e., into the study and control groups with a washout period of 3 weeks between the two surgeries. Postoperative pain, need for analgesics, symptoms severity (PoSSe), and wound healing were evaluated. Results Gingival healing was significantly better in chamomile group compared to control group (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in post-extraction alveolar osteitis between chamomile and control group (P = 0.314). VAS results showed significant differences in mean pain scores, with significant decrease in chamomile groups (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, analgesic consumption was significantly higher in placebo group (P &lt; 0.05). Mean PoSSe scores were 16.8 (±9.4) in the chamomile group, versus 41.1 (±9.9) in the control. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that intra-socket application of chamomile gel might effectively improve healing, and reduce pain levels, postoperative symptoms severity, and analgesics consumption after surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Highlights

Topic: Dental Radiography and Imaging
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Association between functional<i>SIRT1</i>polymorphisms and the clinical characteristics of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a Class 3 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is thought to be implicated in the protection against autoimmune diseases. However, an association between SIRT1 and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been reported. In this study, we selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SIRT1 gene, rs12049646 T/C (termed SNP1), rs12778366 T/C (termed SNP2), rs3758391 T/C (termed SNP3), and rs4746720 T/C (termed SNP4). We genotyped each of these polymorphic sites in 185 patients with Graves' disease (GD), including 76 patients with intractable GD and 57 patients with GD in remission; 151 patients with Hashimoto's disease (HD), including 68 patients with severe HD and 54 patients with mild HD; and 96 healthy volunteers. SNP1 and SNP3 were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method; SNP2 and SNP4 were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. We also measured the levels of SIRT1 mRNA in CD4(+) T cells from 18 control subjects, 16 patients with GD in remission and 14 patients with mild HD using a real-time PCR method. In patients with GD and HD, the C carriers (TC + CC genotypes) of SNP3 showed significantly higher titers of McAb than the TT genotype (p = 0.0261 and p = 0.0309, respectively). Additionally, the T carriers (TT + TC genotypes) of SNP4 showed significantly higher titers of McAb than the CC genotype in patients with GD (p = 0.0079). In conclusion, the polymorphisms in the SIRT1 gene were associated with a greater production of thyroid autoantibodies.

Topic: Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Cancer Chemoprevention Locks onto a New Polyamine Metabolic Target

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Ornithine decarboxylase has a relatively long history as a target for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Plym Forshell et al. report new evidence (beginning on p. 140 in this issue of the journal) indicating that spermidine synthase, a fellow enzyme of ornithine decarboxylase in polyamine metabolism, is transactivated in part by the &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; gene and is a potential target for chemoprevention of B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Prev Res; (3)2; 125–7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Karyotype Analysis and Ploidy Determination Using Flow Cytometry in African Bitter Milk Plant “Utazi”, &lt;i&gt;Gongronema latifolium&lt;/i&gt; Benth

Availability of basic genetic information on a plant species is the first pre-requisite in designing any genetic improvement programme for the species. This study was therefore carried out to determine the karyotype of Gongronema latifolium to obtain basic knowledge on ploidy level and karyotype as a first step in understanding the genetics of this spice plant. Karyotype and flow cytometry (FCM) studies were carried out on 4 accessions of G. latifolium collected from the humid forest vegetation in Abia, Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Imo States of Nigeria. Chromosome number of Abia accessions were 2n=20 and 22 with karyotype formulae, 3m+4sm+2a+1t and 2m+4sm+2a+3t, respectively; Akwa Ibom accessions, 2n=18 with formula: 3m+5sm+1a; Cross River accessions, 2n=18 and 22 with formulae: 2m+4sm+2a+1t and 3m+4sm+3a+1t, respectively; Imo accessions, 2x=22 and 24 with formulae: 1m+5sm+3a+2t and 2m+7sm+2a+1t, respectively. Results obtained revealed cytotype variation and the occurrence of 4 cytotypes, 2n=18, 20, 22 and 24. We therefore conclude that G. latifolium is a diploid species with variable basic numbers. Four basic numbers, n=9, 10, 11 and 12, were therefore proposed for G. latifolium. FCM showed the presence of 2C and 4C DNA content and provided evidence for endoreduplication, a likely evolutionary survival mechanism in this climbing vegetable plant species. This is the first report of karyotype analysis in Gongronema latifolium, an important indigenous African vegetable spice plant with huge medicinal value.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Seminal plasma fructose, zinc, magnesium and acid phosphatase in cases of male infertility

Determinations of fructose, zinc, magnesium and acid phosphatase were performed in seminal plasma from male partners in 225 barren couples. No specific changes in the concentrations of these substances could be observed in men showing either visible or palpatory abnormalities of the external genitals, the prostate or of the seminal vesicles, extreme changes in the number, morphology or motility of the sperms, increased sperm antibody titre or abnormal serum levels of testosterone or gonadotrophins. However, when the prostatic fluid contained numerous leukocytes, the concentrations of zinc, magnesium and acid phosphatase were significantly lower than in men having a cytologically normal prostatic fluid. Determinations of these substances may thus be of aid in the diagnosis of chronic prostatovesiculitis.

Topic: Urologic and reproductive health conditions
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Decision-Making for Fault Diagnosis Based on Consistent Approximation Space

Due to vary kinds of factors, test results for a weapon system may be incomplete and hard to make decisions for fault diagnosis. Aimed at the problem of the weapon system inconsistent decision-making for fault diagnosis, introduced the method of consistent approximation space. Firstly the definition of inconsistent decision-making information system was brought forward, and then the consistent approximation space was formed. Attribute reduction for the consistent approximation space and an approach for rule amalgamation were also presented. Finally, a case was used to prove this method; the result shows that the method of consistent approximation space can solve the inconsistent decision-making for fault diagnosis problems effectively.

Topic: Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Finding a new sense of self: What the clinician can do to help

Abstract Shelagh Brumfitt deserves thanks, from aphasic individuals and their families, as well as from speech-language pathologists, for her eloquent and scholarly reminder of the intense and often devastating effects that aphasia can render upon psychosocial and emotional well-being. Brumfitt opened a door, giving aphasia clinicians permission and encouragement to enter into the interpersonal aspects of the aphasic patient's world. Yet we finished the article with a sense of incompletion, wishing that she had gone on to provide suggestions to assist clinicians in their efforts to help aphasic patients deal with loss and change. If, as Brumfitt clearly urges, we should be prepared to ‘face the distress of the aphasic person’, we need some ideas about how to do it. Perhaps rushing in where winged and haloed creatures might be more cautious, we would like to provide some thoughts on how this might be done.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
On the methodological problems of new ideas and approaches to press concentration research

This article considers various European approaches to press concentration research, analyzing their individual strengths and weaknesses. The author argues that research on concentration has not kept pace with press developments and that the weaknesses in the separate approaches to exploring concentration have obscured the real nature and extent of the problem. He then offers a model for concentation research that integrates the various approaches to provide a broader understanding of the effects of press concentration.

Topic: Media Influence and Politics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Vasopressin and memory: improvement in normal short-term recall and reduction of alcohol-induced amnesia

Synopsis The vasopressin analogue 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) has been shown in healthy male volunteers to cause significant improvement in short-term memory and to reduce alcohol-induced amnesia. There was no significant effect upon semantic retrieval or simple reaction time. It was concluded that vasopressin benefited the initial processes of consolidation and learning, while the reduction of the amnesic effects of alcohol may support the contentions of other authors that the peptide improves memory in states of mild amnesia.

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring Socio-Cultural Challenges and Opportunities in Designing Mental Health Chatbots for Adolescents in India

Mental health challenges among Indian adolescents are shaped by unique cultural and systemic barriers, including high social stigma and limited professional support. Through a mixed-methods study involving a survey of 278 adolescents and follow-up interviews with 12 participants, we explore how adolescents perceive mental health challenges and interact with digital tools. Quantitative results highlight low self-stigma but significant social stigma, a preference for text over voice interactions, and low utilization of mental health apps but high smartphone access. Our qualitative findings reveal that while adolescents value privacy, emotional support, and localized content in mental health tools, existing chatbots lack personalization and cultural relevance. These findings inform recommendations for culturally sensitive chatbot design that prioritizes anonymity, tailored support, and localized resources to better meet the needs of adolescents in India. This work advances culturally sensitive chatbot design by centering underrepresented populations, addressing critical gaps in accessibility and support for adolescents in India.

Topic: Digital Mental Health Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhancing Wheat Resilience to Salinity: The Role of Penicillium chrysogenum as a Biological Agent for Improved Crop Performance

<title>Abstract</title> <italic><bold>Background and Aims</bold></italic> Salinity significantly impairs wheat (<italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> L.) growth and yield, posing a major challenge to agriculture. This study investigates the effectiveness of the fungal endophyte <italic>Penicillium chrysogenum</italic> in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity on wheat growth. <italic><bold>Methods</bold></italic> In this study, the effect of fungal endophyte <italic>P. chrysogenum</italic> on the improvement of morphophysiological and biochemical traits of wheat plant under salt stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) was factorially conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in vitro and greenhouse conditions. <italic><bold>Results</bold></italic> Treatment of wheat seeds with <italic>P. chrysogenum</italic> resulted in superior germination rates under 150 mM saline stress compare to untreated control. Notably, the endophyte treatment led to enhancements in shoot and root lengths, as well as total fresh and dry weights, with increases of 57.52%, 169.23%, 10.65%, and 76.20%, respectively. The endophytes presence was associated with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline, and soluble carbohydrates by 29.34%, 36.17%, 36.13%, and 76.54%, respectively. Enhanced concentrations of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and overall antioxidant activity were observed in treated plants, alongside elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, PPO, APX). These adaptations contributed to improved stress tolerance and a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS). <italic><bold>Conclusion</bold></italic> The results highlight <italic>P. chrysogenum</italic> as an effective biological agent for enhancing wheat resilience to salinity, offering a promising strategy for improving crop performance in saline areas. Further studies are needed to understand the complex interactions and practical agricultural uses.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 827478: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison between No-Tillaga and Conventional Farming Systems and their Impact on Some Performance Indicators and Wheat Yield

A field study was conducted in loamy agricultural soil of Baghdad Governorate, Tarmiyah District, during the 2021-2022 growing season. The research aimed to evaluate the feasibility and impacts of no-tillage wheat planting systems on plant growth and yield. The experiment examined three factors: tractor operational speed, seed rate, and seeder configurations. Three speed levels 4.23, 6.54, and 8.37 km/h, two seed rates 100 and 140 kg/ha, and three seeder setups were tested. The indicators evaluated included operational productivity, draft force, soil bulk density, and 1000 grain weight. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with a nested arrangement and three replicates, was employed. The mean comparisons carried out used the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the 0.05 significance level. The highest operational productivity of 1.87 ha/h and 1000-grain weight of 48.7 g were achieved with the 8.37 km/h speed, 140 kg/ha rate, and the Z seeder. Conversely, the 4.23 km/h speed, 100 kg/ha rate, and Z seeder resulted in the lowest draft force of 125.76 kgf and soil bulk density of 1.030 mg/m³.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
DEVELOPMENT OF TUNGSTEN-BASE ALLOYS. Final Report covering Period June 1958-December 1960

Results are presented of a preliminary evaluation of arc cast, tugsten- rich binary alloys containing various quantities of Al, Cr, Co, Nb, Hf, Fe, Ni Si, Ta, V, or Zr. The studies were conducted primarily on as-cast materials. Areas of special interest included relations between room and elevated temperature hardness versus alloy composition, characteristics of macro- and microstructures as a function of alloy composition, and solid solubility limits. Other activity was devoted to determination of alloy composition effects on lattice parameter and oxidation, and assessment of worksbility as function of alloy composition, Graded-composition ingots were prepared for the experimental program by consumable arc melting of preformed W electrodes while adding the second alloying element by means of a supplementmy feeding system. Uniformcomposition ingots were also used and were cast in a press-sinter-melt apparatus in which blended charges of metal powders were compacted into an electrode which was sintered to increase its strength, then arc-melted in a water- cooled mold. Charts are included which illustrate the effects of alloy additions on the lattice parameter, hardness, and oxidation resistance of these alloys. (J.R.D.)

Topic: Metallurgical and Alloy Processes
Subfield: General Materials Science
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences