jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Colonic and Gastric Tube Transplants After Caustic Esophageal Burn in Children: A 33-Year Review

Abstract Background Accidental caustic burns of the esophagus in children represent a significant global health challenge, often necessitating esophageal reconstruction. Aims This study aims to compare the efficacy and morbidity related to esophagus replacement with colonic and gastric tube transplants in a pediatric population followed for caustic stenosis. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric surgery unit. Children were treated from January 1989 to December 2022. We compared colonic and gastric tube esophageal replacement. Short-term (within 30 days) and mid-term outcomes and complications were reviewed. Chi-square test for categorical data analysis. Results A total of 124 children with caustic esophageal burns were included. Among them, 23 (18.5%) had a gastric tube transplant for esophagus replacement and 101 (81.5%) a colonic transplant. During surgical intervention, we found a significantly higher risk of complications when using a colonic transplant (34%, p &amp;lt; 0.001). For postoperative short-term and mid-term complications, there was no significant statistical difference comparing the two techniques. 26% of children required a reoperation, with a higher risk in the gastric tube transplant group (p &amp;lt; 0.001). For endoscopic dilatation after surgery, there was also a significantly higher number of children with a gastric tube transplant (p = 0.005). Overall, 97.6% recovered full normal oral feeding. Conclusion In our study, colonic and gastric tube replacement are both good options for pediatric esophageal replacement after a caustic injury, with effectiveness in the long term. Gastric tube transplants showed a slightly higher risk of reoperations and higher number of dilatations post-surgery, but our groups are not really comparable due to the much higher number of colonic transplants. However, both surgical options have to be considered during surgery, depending on the surgical anatomy of the patient. Our future research will focus on assessing long-term quality of life and potential risk of neoplastic complications.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Disabled Women and Domestic Violence: Making the Links, a National UK Study

This article reports on the first-ever national study of domestic violence and disability in the United Kingdom. The multi-method study used the social model of disability and was mainly qualitative in design. It reports distressing findings of the abuse which disabled women may experience, confirming similar findings in Australia and other countries. Less provision than that available proportionally to non-disabled women is accompanied by a greater need for such focussed and specialist services. Disabled women in the United Kingdom therefore lose out on both counts. The paper concludes that a cultural shift or sea-change is required in relevant service provision at both management and operational levels, informed by disabled women themselves wherever possible. The study made wide-ranging recommendations at both the strategic level across localities and for relevant agencies in the United Kingdom. These recommendations have wide relevance in other countries.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A TEN-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ON ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

Beginning in 1994, Executive Order 12898 has directed federal executive agencies to identify and address, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse health or environmental effects of their programs, policies, and activities on minority and low income populations. The policy behind the Executive Order was to prevent minority and low income groups from bearing disproportionate adverse environmental consequences of federal actions. During the last ten years, federal agencies have implemented Executive Order 12898, and some also have developed explicit procedures or guidance for the steps that need to be taken during the preparation of environmental impact statements. Based on the authors’ experience, the paper examines how environmental justice practice has evolved in the ten years since the original Executive Order was issued. This evolution has been both procedural and substantive. The paper examines how the actual practice of environmental justice analysis has progressed in federal agencies that deal with waste management issues. Reference is made to changes in case law and agency practice. The 2000 Census of Population and the ongoing development of geographic information systems in particular have made it easier to identify minority and low-income populations at risk. At the same time, a number of stakeholder groups have takenmore » positions over specific federal actions that have given rise to novel issues and challenges for analysts. The paper discusses how NEPA practice is evolving to deal with these issues and challenges.« less

Topic: Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sensorial, physicist-chemistries and microbiological analyses of samples of honeys produced for Apis mellifera in the region of the Cocais Maranhenses, Maranhão State, Brazil

This work had as objective to proceed sensorial analyses, microbiological physical-chemistries and, of comparative form, the honeys, collected for the producers and researcher, of mellifera Apis bee of the cities of Codó and Itapecuru-Mirim, pertaining to the region of the Cocais, Maranhao State. It observed in the first, collected in such a way for the producer how much for the researcher, presented a bigger water text (average humidity of 21,05%) when compared with the second (20.98%), making it difficult its storage, therefore the high water text of the product diminishes its useful life of shelf. For total acidity, the value highest was for the honey produced in Codó (79.19% to 91.80% b), when compared with the honey produced in Itapecuru-Mirim (37.78% to 48.36% b), what it can be explained by the temperature difference, being higher in Codó, For the values of pH the honey of Itapecuru_Mirim was gotten presenting lower value (3,2). For reducing sugars, the honey of Itapecuru - Mirim it presented average of next values (64.14% b - 64.20%) to the demanded minimum as standard. For the values of sacarose the samples of Codó, had presented minors average values of (23.59% b 24.29%); in the parameter you sweeten totals the samples of Itapecuru_Mirim presented greater average index (93,73). For the HMF analyses the samples of Codó had presented average values (67,77a the 76,33b). For the too much studied parameters it did not have significant difference between treatments.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LACTATION AND BREAST CANCER: EVIDENCE FOR A NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

The authors report a case-control study of breast cancer based on an analysis of data collected by interview between the years 1957-1965 from women residing in the communities of Buffalo and Kenmore, New York. Prior reproductive factors, including a detailed lactation history, were examined for 453 white females with breast cancer and 1,365 white females without breast cancer who were selected randomly from the population of Buffalo and Kenmore. There is evidence of a negative association between length of nursing and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women which is not seen in the postmenopausal women. This apparent "protective" effect of lactation persists after statistical control for the potential confounding factors of age, parity, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, and education. Cases are more likely than controls to have reported unsuccessful lactations due to "insufficient milk." The findings of this study, in conjunction with the authors' review of previously published studies that have examined prior lactation as related to breast cancer risk, suggest that there may be an independent negative association between nursing and subsequent breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Whether this means that breast feeding is protective or that some women who are unsuccessful at lactation are at increased risk for subsequent breast cancer is not clear. A detailed reanalysis of existing data and more careful attention to detailed prior breast function/dysfunction in future studies are recommended.

Topic: Cancer Risks and Factors
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sphaerodactylus savagei: Powell, R., Hedges, S.B. &amp; Mayer, G.C.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 765417: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Real Property, Spontaneous Order, and Norms in the Gold Mines

This article contributes to the current debate about why people follow the law even when they are not subject to legal sanctions, as when there are no police and little danger of a lawsuit. Most recent scholarship in this area takes the form of norms theories, suggesting that social norms rather than laws shape behavior and that deviations from the norm are punished by either social or internal sanctions. Robert Sugden, however, proposes that order may develop “spontaneously” in the many areas of life where abiding by the rules minimizes the risk of costly confrontations with others and is thus in the interest of all parties. When this is true, the threat of little or no sanctions plays no role in regulating behavior. This article tests Sugden's theory against a simple property system, that of the California gold mines, in which individual miners held small claims subject to strict work requirements. The evidence of eyewitnesses shows that the stability of the regime did not depend on norms, but on the reasonable prediction that other claim holders would themselves stand up for their rights under the local mining code. Disputes about the rules and their application were submitted to arbitrators, whose decisions were accepted by the parties and did not need to be enforced. The California experience thus provides an example of a stable property regime for which game theory has a more satisfying explanation than do any of the norms theories.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 171494: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Second Metabolite Composition, Antioxidative, Tyrosinase Inhibitory, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity of Balanophora laxiflora Extract

Balanophora laxiflora extract contains various compounds including terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Ethyl acetate fraction of B. laxiflora has high content of phenolic compounds (608.21 mg GAE/g), highly correlated with its antioxidant activity including 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity (IC 50 value of 22.81 µg/mL) and reducing power (2.33), which is comparable to that of ascorbic acid and quecertin. This fraction shows strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC 50 value of 7.9 µg/mL and mild inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains at the concentration of 20 mg/mL, stronger than those of other fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma (LU-1) cell line. n-Hexane fraction shows stronger activity on epidermal carcinoma (KB) cell lines (IC 50 = 3.45 µg/mL). Median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of B. laxiflora methanolic crude extract on experimental mice is 10.64 g/kg body mass. The results suggest new pharmacological use of B. laxiflora especially in depigmentation, cancer treatment and further characterization of bioactive constituents and biological activities of ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Minimal access surgery--the renaissance of gastric surgery?

Peptic ulcer surgery has been revitalized by the introduction of minimal access techniques for surgery of chronic and perforated peptic ulcer. A wide range of vagotomies, including truncal vagotomy, anterior lesser curve seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy and proximal gastric vagotomy, have been performed laparoscopically. Short-term (two-24 month) follow-up of laparoscopic anterior seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy cases has been promising, but long-term follow-up is required to confirm these early good results. Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcers has also been described. Initial reports of laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and Billroth II partial gastrectomy have also appeared. These procedures are technically very demanding and are currently being performed in only a few "centers of excellence" around the world. Cost-benefit analyses of medical treatment with proton-pump inhibitors versus laparoscopic vagotomy are necessary to determine which form of treatment is more economical in the long run. Criteria for patient selection need to be defined and substantiated by audit of outcome.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Machine learning analysis of speech and eye tracking data to distinguish Alzheimer's clinic patients from healthy controls

Abstract Background Clinical trials of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are increasingly focused on recruiting individuals with preclinical or early‐stage disease. Artificial intelligence may help in enriching clinical trial populations with high‐risk individuals. We analyzed prospectively‐collected speech and eye‐tracking data to distinguish individuals with mild‐moderate AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective memory complaints (SMC) from age and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Method Individuals with known clinical diagnoses of AD, MCI, and SMC from a specialty clinic, and healthy controls from the community, were prospectively recruited. Participants described the “Cookie Theft Picture” from the Boston Aphasia Battery. Their speech was recorded and manually transcribed and eye movements were assessed using an infrared eye‐tracker. Data underwent feature extraction for language‐related features including lexical and acoustic parameters (from transcripts and speech), and fixation and saccades (from eye‐tracking). Additionally, for language and eye‐tracking, features capturing spatial neglect are explored following the approach in [1]. Separate predictive models were examined using logistic regression (LR), K‐Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and random forests (RF). Result Recruitment and analysis are ongoing. Data from 34 clinic patients (9% SMC, 35% MCI, 56% mild‐moderate AD, mean age 7310, 44% female) and 39 controls (mean age 6811, 79% female) is reported. Best speech‐based models distinguished patients from controls with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 79% (95% CI 0.70‐0.87). Eye‐tracking‐based models reached distinguished patients from controls with an AUC of 71% (95% CI 0.59‐0.82). Conclusion Machine‐learning mediated analysis of speech and eye‐tracking data achieved promising classification performance with the current cohort. Both increasing the size of the corpus with ongoing recruitment, and combining demographic and clinical data alongside multimodal feature fusion, may help to improve classification.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growing up whole: somali children and adolescents in america.

Immigrant Somali adolescents are at high risk for mental health problems due to the unique challenges they face as they attempt to assimilate two very polar cultures into one self-identity during a phase of development characterized by physical, cognitive, and emotional upheaval. Current management experiences warrant recommendations that include integration of community services, schools, and the medical system to provide education in cultural diversity, multicultural school and community publications, team sports, individual education plans, support groups, and Somali representation in school staff that has established trust with families and acceptance of mental health issues and care.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Low Power Tunable Delay Element Suitable for Asynchronous Delays of Burst Information

A low-energy delay element based on a thyristor-like circuit is proposed that is suitable for concatenation in dense arrays in order to delay narrowly spaced burst timing information with accompanying data bits. Handshaking is built into the cell to ensure no information is lost. There is no static power dissipation aside from leakage and the energy consumption is not a function of the achieved delay. A design fabricated in a UMC 90 nm CMOS process has delays from 5 ns to 1 mus, as tuned through an analog input port, require an energy consumption of 50 fJ/delay event with a supply voltage of 1 V.

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Institutionalising women’s experiences in law: Possibilities and pitfalls of parliamentary gender audit committees

Feminist legal scholars have long recognised that law is gendered, being a manifestation of power that often works to the detriment of women. This need not be the case. This article tests the capacity of law to make a material difference on women’s lives through parliamentary auditing. The arguments springboard from an innovation emerging in Tasmania in 2022: a Gender and Equality Audit Committee in the Tasmanian Legislative Council. Alongside the Australian Capital Territory’s Standing Committee on the Economy and Gender and Economic Equality, these Australian examples provide a framework to interrogate the possibilities for inclusive, gendered legislative scrutiny.

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phylogenetic analysis of Staphylococcus sp. related with thyroiditis in Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq

Background: Staphylococcus is a Gram-positive (GM+) facultative anaerobic, non-motile coccus. It's frequently results in a variety of illnesses in human. Staphylococcus sp. considered the most common organisms that can infect the thyroid gland. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 20 thyroiditis patients' blood samples and analyzed for 16S rRNA using PCR, employing the Universal gene. Gene amplification was performed in a thermocycler under specific cycling conditions, including initial denaturation, annealing, extension, and final extension. For the purpose of partially DNA sequencing for the 16S rRNA gene, six PCR results were selected in order to investigate any possible association between the results and the global records in GenBank. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27, using chi-square test and basic ratios, with P-values between 0.05 and 0.01 indicating statistical significance. Results: Findings showed that 6/20 (30%) were Staphylococcus sp. isolates. The 16S rRNA PCR product was registered in GenBank in accordance with the official accession numbers of (PP396084, PP396083, PP396085, PP396086, PP396082 and PP396093). The local Staphylococcus sp. isolates have distinct molecular links with those of similar strains worldwide according to the phylogenetic tree generated by the MEGA-10 program. Conclusions: Thyroiditis continues to be one the most threating health problems around the world. Thyroiditis patients are more susceptible to GM+ microorganisms. Staphylococcus sp. is an important opportunistic pathogen and it's associated with substantial morbidity rate.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Programme design dimensions explored for a professional occupational safety and health management qualification for Africa

Workplace injuries and illnesses cost companies huge amounts in wasteful and often preventable expenses. Hazards can be eliminated and controlled through proper education in production and operations management (POM) and occupational, safety and health (OSH), yet no South African higher education institution provide this need. The complexity and multi-disciplinary nature of the OSH profession is fundamental to the problem. The research report discusses the problem in terms of the need, the large scope of the OSH function, contents (curricula) of a proposed OSH degree and programme implementation realities. The problem was explored by means of a mixed method survey including two questionnaire surveys. The results created a hypothesis for further investigation, but the exploratory qualitative investigation clearly indicates the need for degrees in POM (with several OSH based modules) and a similar qualification with specialisation in OSH. The comprehensive secondary research survey supported the findings and only a few new developments were identified that will not influence the OSH curricula significantly. Both questionnaire surveys confirmed the proposed OSH qualification and the feedback from industry experts indicated the urgency for an OSH degree and provided potential solutions to implementing such a qualification. 

	 

	Key words: Workplace injuries, higher education, the occupational, safety and health (OSH) function, production and operations management (POM) and occupational, safety and health (OSH) degrees, degree qualification, programme implementation.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences