jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimal time of plant growth regulator application to Sorghum canopy according to BBCH and Kuperman crop growth scales

The relevance of the study is due to the problem of choosing the optimal scale for identifying the phases of plant development in order to determine the best timing of agronomic operations for sorghum plant care. The aim of the experiment was to use a plant growth regulator with higher efficiency during the stages of crop development 21, 31, 37 (BBCH) and III, IV, VI-VII on the Kupperman scale. Field and laboratory research methods were used in the study. The experiment was conducted in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine on two sorghum varieties - Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum saccharatum, which were treated with PGR. Foliar application of PGR (0.5 l/ha) at 21 and 31 stages of BBSH provides 2.8 and 4.9% better results than at III and IV stages according to the Kuperman scale (the latter is based on a comprehensive morphophysiological analysis to identify I-VII CGS). Foliar application of PGR at microstage 21 (BBCH) contributed to faster development and increased grain yield in sorghum varieties (0.19 t/ha in Odesskyi 205 and 0.12 t/ha in Lan 59) compared to application at stage III (according to Cooperman). A similar effect of PGR application at microstage 21 (BBCH) compared to stage III (Kuperman) was recorded for two sugar sorghum hybrids: in Dovista variety, the increase in biomass yield was 1.6 t/ha, dry matter - 0.7 t/ha, and sugar content in stem juice - 0.0%, while in Gulliver variety these indicators were 1.6 t/ha, 0.7 t/ha and 0.2%, respectively. Thus, it is recommended to use the BBCH scale for the application of PPP, and foliar fertilization with PPP should be carried out at 21 and 31 days. The practical value of the work lies in the selection of the scale of growth and development of sorghum crops and the timing of foliar fertilization, which is optimal for the conditions of Ukraine. The study is useful from the practical point of view of foliar nutrition of plants in production and as a theoretical assessment of the scale of plant growth and development for students and scientists.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Brain Injury Patterns after Neonatal Hypoglycemia

Brain injury patterns on early MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome after symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia were studied in 35 term infants at Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.

Topic: Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How Zantac became the best-selling drug in history.

Glaxo's Zantac began its dominance of the acid/peptic marketplace with a launch strategy, taking advantage of the established Roche sales force to rapidly promote the product. Educational symposia for physicians were instrumental in disseminating both disease and product information to primary care physicians and specialists. This technique not only pleased physicians (more referrals), but also increased public awareness of gastrointestinal disease, further expanding the patient market. Several novel marketing strategies contributed to Zantac's success, including the public-service announcements, celebrity media tours, and consumer-awareness bulletins, which brought the drug to the lay public and encouraged individuals to seek advice from their physicians.

Topic: Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Conductance Behaviour of some associated Hydrochlorides of Medicinal Interest in Aqueous Solution at 298 K

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235 <em>Manuscript received 12 April 1989, revised 19 September 1989, accepted 6 February 1990</em> The conductance studies of hydrochlorides of well-known druge (like pseudoephedrine, isoxsuprine, metoclopramide, pentazocine, propranalol, dicyclomine and ᴅʟ-phenylpropanolamine) in aqueous solutions have been made. The analysis of the results using Shedlovsky's equation indicates that the compounds are associated in aqueous solutions. Improved values of the association constants <em>K</em>ᴀ and Ʌ<sub>o</sub> have been determined using Fuoss equation. The Ʌ<sub>o</sub> values of the cations compare very well with those fortetraalkylammonium ions and it is expected that they undergo hydrophobicinteractions in aqueous solutions.

Topic: Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
Subfield: Filtration and Separation
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Education and Work: Children’s Lives in Rural Sub‑Saharan Africa

This paper proposes a dynamic conceptual framework – the edu-workscape – for understanding how rural children in sub-Saharan Africa navigate three key gendered social arenas: the household, school and workplaces. Focusing on school, in particular, the paper highlights the violence, harm and labour that occur there, and argues that learning, work and harm co-exist across all three institutional domains, and in context, and should therefore be considered holistically.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The SEC’s final rule regarding price quotes and research reports relating to security-based swaps

Purpose This paper aims to summarize the requirements of a new US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rule regarding certain communications relating to security-based swaps in the context of the SEC’s ongoing efforts to establish its regulatory regime for such swaps. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a close analysis of an SEC final rule that provides that certain communications relating to security-based swaps will not constitute “offers” for purposes of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, under which generally offers or sales of a security must be registered or made pursuant to an exemption from registration. The paper also analyzes the prospects for a general exemption from registration requirements for security-based swaps involving eligible contract participants, and it places the final rule in the context of the SEC’s broader efforts to establish its final rules for security-based swaps. Findings In addition to detailing the requirements of the final rule, this paper concludes that it is unlikely that the SEC will decide, generally, to exempt many security-based swaps from registration requirements, and that it is likely that a significant amount of time will elapse before the SEC finalizes most of its remaining rules for security-based swaps. Originality/value This paper contains valuable information regarding the regulation of security-based swaps in the context of securities regulation and the SEC’s other rules for such swaps.

Topic: Corporate Insolvency and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
2000) Analysis of Escherichia coli RecA interactions with LexA, lambda CI, and UmuD by site-directed mutagenesis of recA

An early event in the induction of the SOS system of Escherichia coli is RecA-mediated cleavage of the LexA repressor. RecA acts indirectly as a coprotease to stimulate repressor self-cleavage, presumably by forming a complex with LexA. How complex formation leads to cleavage is not known. As an approach to this question, it would be desirable to identify the protein-protein interaction sites on each protein. It was previously proposed that LexA and other cleavable substrates, such as phage l CI repressor and E. coli UmuD, bind to a cleft located between two RecA monomers in the crystal structure. To test this model, and to map the interface between RecA and its substrates, we carried out alanine-scanning mutagenesis of RecA. Twenty double mutations were made, and cells carrying them were characterized for RecA-dependent repair functions and for coprotease activity towards LexA, l CI, and UmuD. One mutation in the cleft region had partial defects in cleavage of CI and (as expected from previous data) of UmuD. Two mutations in the cleft region conferred constitutive cleavage towards CI but not towards LexA or UmuD. By contrast, no mutations in the cleft region or elsewhere in RecA were found to specifically impair the cleavage of LexA. Our data are consistent with binding of CI and UmuD to the cleft between two RecA monomers but do not provide support for the model in which LexA binds in this cleft. The SOS regulatory system controls the response of Esche-

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The fabrication of multifunctional sodium alginate scaffold incorporating ibuprofen-loaded modified PLLA microspheres based on cryogenic 3D printing

A strategy to develop a multifunctional sodium alginate personalized scaffold with enhanced mechanical stability, osteogenesis activity and excellent anti-inflammatory activity by cryogenic 3 D printing combined with subsequent crosslinking with Sr<sup>2+</sup> is proposed in this study. The ink for 3 D printing was prepared by dispersing modified PLLA droplets containing ibuprofen into sodium alginate aqueous solution using lecithin as stabilizer. The results showed that the drug-loaded microspheres formed from the low-temperature solidifying of the modified PLLA droplets were homogeneously dispersed in sodium alginate substrate, and the scaffold displayed a sustained drug release performance toward ibuprofen which endowed the scaffold with persistent anti-inflammatory effects. <i>In vitro</i> cell culture indicated that the lecithin not only acted as the stabilizer, but also stimulated the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells on the scaffold. Sr<sup>2+</sup>-crosslinking improved the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of the scaffold.

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Estimating a Separably Markov Random Field from Binary Observations

A fundamental problem in neuroscience is to characterize the dynamics of spiking from the neurons in a circuit that is involved in learning about a stimulus or a contingency. A key limitation of current methods to analyze neural spiking data is the need to collapse neural activity over time or trials, which may cause the loss of information pertinent to understanding the function of a neuron or circuit. We introduce a new method that can determine not only the trial-to-trial dynamics that accompany the learning of a contingency by a neuron, but also the latency of this learning with respect to the onset of a conditioned stimulus. The backbone of the method is a separable two-dimensional (2D) random field (RF) model of neural spike rasters, in which the joint conditional intensity function of a neuron over time and trials depends on two latent Markovian state sequences that evolve separately but in parallel. Classical tools to estimate state-space models cannot be applied readily to our 2D separable RF model. We develop efficient statistical and computational tools to estimate the parameters of the separable 2D RF model. We apply these to data collected from neurons in the prefrontal cortex in an experiment designed to characterize the neural underpinnings of the associative learning of fear in mice. Overall, the separable 2D RF model provides a detailed, interpretable characterization of the dynamics of neural spiking that accompany the learning of a contingency.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on Creep of Polyethylene

The creep properties were studied for high-density polyethylene by the use of the test machine specially designed to work under the constant stress condition. The tests were carried out at constant temperatures from 20°C to 90°C on several stress levels. The instantaneous strains occurring just after the weighting were evaluated based on the applied stress and Young's moduli measured by the vibrating reed method.The creep curves, exclusive of ultimate stage to failure, consist generally of two stages, both being expressed by Nutting's equation. The first stage can be approximately expressed by Andrade's equation, but the period of this stage becomes shorter with increasing temperature and is hardly measured at temperatures above about 80°C. For the second stage, the creep strain εc2 can be denoted by the equation, εc2=a20 sinh (ασ)tn2, similar to Findley's equation, as a function of stress σ and time t. The a20, α and n2 are respectively the material constants dependent on the temperature. In the range of the test temperature, a20 decreases, α increases and n2 slightly decreases with increasing temperature.Creep tests were also made with the samples irradiated from Co60 (dose rate, 105r/h). The creep character depended markedly on both the radiation dose and the atmosphere of irradiation. The samples irradiated in the vacuum showed higher creep resistance, and the creep strain decreased with increasing crosslinking as εr=εoe-αx, where εr is the creep strain of the irradiated sample, εo the creep strain of the nonirradiated sample. x the degree of crosslinking and α a constant independent of stress and temperature. On the other hand, the irradiation in air did not change the creep properties in a monotone, and the sample irradiated by some constant dose showed the minimum creep resistance. These phenomena, however, can be explained from two inverse effects of radiation, the crosslinking and the degradation, in which the former increases with increasing dose and raises the creep resistance, but the latter occurs in the surface layer predominantly when the thinner sample is irradiated with low dose rate, and decreases the creep resistance.

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
NMR conformational analysis of complexes of the carboxylic ionophore nigericin with Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>

Abstract The conformations of the complexes formed by the ionophore nigericin with Na + and K + in CDCl 3 solution determined by ROESY NMR and distance geometry computations are in good agreement with the X‐ray crystallographic data. The structures with the Na + ion are more compact than those with the K + ion, as the latter have a wider cage for the ion.

Topic: Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research in Special Education: Scientific Methods and Evidence-Based Practices

This article sets the context for the development of research quality indicators and guidelines for evidence of effective practices provided by different methodologies. The current conceptualization of scientific research in education and the complexity of conducting research in special education settings underlie the development of quality indicators. Programs of research in special education may be viewed as occurring in stages: moving from initial descriptive research, to experimental causal research, to finally research that examines the processes that might affect wide-scale adoption and use of a practice. At each stage, different research questions are relevant, and different research methodologies to address the research questions are needed.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Alternative splicing generates two variants of the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor

The inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) in mammalian spinal cord displays pharmacological and molecular heterogeneity of its strychnine binding alpha subunit. Here, cDNAs were isolated which encode a variant (alpha ins 1) of the rat GlyR alpha 1 subunit that contains eight additional amino acids in its putative cytoplasmic domain. Analysis of the corresponding genomic sequence showed that alpha ins 1 transcripts result from alternative splice acceptor site selection. S1 nuclease protection experiments, Northern blot analysis, and RNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction revealed alpha 1 and alpha ins 1 mRNA in postnatal spinal cord, but not in other brain regions. Expression of synthetic alpha ins 1 RNA in Xenopus oocytes generated glycine-gated strychnine-sensitive chloride channels. These data indicate that alternative splicing contributes to GlyR alpha subunit heterogeneity in the mammalian central nervous system.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[The cares and anxiety of those involved in the Bijlmermeer aviation disaster did not diminish following the medical investigations].

On October 4, 1992 a cargo jet crashed in the Bijlmermeer district in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, killing 43 people and making hundreds homeless. Many years of confusion and prolonged media attention followed, including public debates and even a Parliamentary Inquiry as to the causes, exposure to various chemical, physical and biological risk factors, and related diseases. Two comprehensive large-scale medical investigations were carried out: a comparative epidemiological study analysing the long-term effects in involved and uninvolved care providers, and an individual medical examination of both residents and care providers with medical or psychological complaints. Later, an effects study was added analysing the effects of both medical investigations on the feelings of anxiety and the attribution of symptoms among the people involved. The epidemiological study revealed more physical and mental symptoms among the involved care providers. Blood, urine and saliva tests, however, revealed no differences. Although the studywas carried out with great care, the findings may have been biased to some extent by an evoked feeling of anxiety and by attention toward health problems brought about by the investigation itself. Another comment is the technical impossibility of stating, after so long a delay, that chemical exposure, e.g. to depleted uranium, could not have been a cause of adverse health effects. The effects study demonstrated that the medical investigations generally did not provide reassurance or decrease the anxiety about health problems. There was even a small increase in complaints. Residents with health problems that had been involved in the disaster still attribute their complaints to harmful chemical exposure.

Topic: Risk Perception and Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Potential applications of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles: from traditional therapeutics to modern nanomedicine

Abstract Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is one of the potent, non-toxic and major bioactive components present in turmeric. Major drawbacks of curcumin are low absorption and poor bioavailability. The present review highlights on methods for the fabrication of curcumin nanoparticles and their applications in treatment of cancer and wound infections. Curcumin nanoparticles possess remarkable antibacterial, antiviral and anti-protozoan activity. Hence, curcumin nanoparticles loaded nano-gel, microemulsion and nano-cream can be used for drug delivery.

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Demographic and motivation variables associated with Internet usage activities on hotel websites

With increased globalization of world economies and noticeable advances in technology, there are numerous market opportunities for hospitality businesses. The Internet is one of the important advances in technology, which is changing the traditional market in the lodging industry. Since the Internet is being used more frequently to conduct business, it is important for hotel managers to understand their online customers.&#13;\n&#13;\nHowever, little is known about the relationship between online consumers' demographic variables, motivation variables, and Internet activities on hotel websites. This study partially replicated Teo's (2001) work by examining demographic (age and gender) and motivation variables (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment) associated with hotel website usage (messaging, browsing, and purchasing activities).&#13;\n&#13;\nA total of 107 usable responses were obtained using a mailing survey. Results showed that males are more likely to engage in browsing and purchasing activities on hotel websites. Younger users engage in the three Internet activities on hotel websites to a greater extent than older users. Perceived usefulness is associated with the three activities, while perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment are not significantly associated with the three activities on hotel websites. The results will serve as an exploratory study and facilitate a further understanding of factors&#13;\nassociated with hotel website usage which will enable researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to better design appropriate strategies to promote Internet adoption and usage.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PHOTOMOVEMENT RESPONSES OF<i>PORPHYRIDIUM PURPUREUM</i><sup>1</sup>

ABSTRACT The influence of light quality on positive phototopotaxis by the gliding, unicellular red alga Porphyridium purpureum was obtained using interference filters. Cells exposed to 3 × 10 −7 mol · m 2 · s −1 of various wavelengths for 72 h showed maximum topotaxis at 420 and 440 nm. The lower threshold for positive, movement was approximately 5 × 10 −8 mol · m −2 · s −1 . Random movement occurred at nonactinic wavelengths, and no movement occurred in the dark. Cell motility appeared to be unaffected by light polarity, suggesting that the photoreceptor(s) for topotaxis and photokinesis are randomly oriented.

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Small-angle neutron scattering study of block copolymer morphology

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-angle neutron scattering study of block copolymer morphologyRandal W. Richards and J. L. ThomasonCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 6, 982–992Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00240a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00240a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Block Copolymer Self-Assembly
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences