jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
III.4.2.(iv) (Changes in) Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Forestry

A consensus on forestry and climate change is worded in Box III.4.13. Many reports link increased forest mortality to various combinations of notable dry and/or hot conditions, such as drought in the tropics from severe El Nino events in 1988 and 1997–1998, the persistent warming and widespread drought over much of western North America since the 1990s, and the extreme heat wave and drought of summer 2003 in western Europe (Allen 2009). There are three possible approaches for adapting forests to climate change: no intervention, reactive adaptation and planned adaptation (preparedness strategies, see Sect. III.4.1.(c)). Unfortunately, most have applied the first category of action or at best the second category (Bernier and Schoene 2009).

Topic: Forest Insect Ecology and Management
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cooling through quantum criticality and many-body effects in condensed matter and cold gases

This article reviews some recent developments for new cooling technologies in the fields of condensed matter physics and cold gases, both from an experimental and theoretical point of view. The main idea is to make use of distinct many-body interactions of the system to be cooled which can be some cooling stage or the material of interest itself, as is the case in ultracold gases. For condensed matter systems, we discuss magnetic cooling schemes based on a large magnetocaloric effect as a result of a nearby quantum phase transition and consider effects of geometrical frustration. For ultracold gases, we review many-body cooling techniques, such as spin-gradient and Pomeranchuk cooling, which can be applied in the presence of an optical lattice. We compare the cooling performance of these new techniques with that of conventional approaches and discuss state-of-the-art applications.

Topic: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY EXCITED NEUTRAL ATOMS FOR INJECTION INTO PLASMA DEVICES. Daily Telegraph Theoretical Department TR.2

The cross section for the production of highly excited neutral atoms by proton-atom charge exchange was investigated. The implications of the results for plasma production are discussed. (D.C.W.)

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spline windows for power spectral density estimation

The power spectral density of a signal can be estimated most accurately by using a window with a narrow bandwidth and large sidelobe attenuation. Conventional windows generally control these characteristics by only one parameter, so there is a trade-off problem. To reduce the effect of spectral leakage, a window function can be used whose amplitude tapers smoothly and gradually toward zero at both ends. To overcome this problem, we propose using grouped spline windows with two control parameters for power spectral density estimation and analyze its characteristics.

Topic: Image and Signal Denoising Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table 1 from Antiviral and Antitumor T-cell Immunity in Patients Treated with GM-CSF–Coding Oncolytic Adenovirus

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 71K, Characteristics of patients na�ve to oncolytic adenovirus.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An integrative analysis of yield stability for a GWAS in a small soybean breeding population

Abstract Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity and reducing yield stability. Soybean breeders need phenotypic and genotypic tools to improve drought stress tolerance, but most of available strategies are expensive and unaffordable for small‐scale public breeding programs. In this study, elite germplasm of a locally adapted breeding population was used to estimate a yield stability index as an indicator of drought response. In order to associate yield stability of analyzed genotypes to drought response, water deficit scenarios related to the crop cycle group were defined. Four groups of genotypes were identified in relation to yield stability: two groups showed stables yield (without interaction with water deficit scenarios), and two groups showed unstable yield (with crossover interaction with water deficit scenarios). This phenotypic information was used to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with yield stability index. A new method for the definition of a quantitative trait loci (QTL) region was developed based on the probability of marker pairwise of belonging to four linkage disequilibrium (LD) categories. Seven QTL were found and their implication on drought tolerance was further supported by linkage to previously reported QTL for water use efficiency trait.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
PEMANFAATAN SANA KEBO DAN JARAK DALAM MATERI KARYA SENI TIGA DIMENSI DARI TANAH LIAT PADA SIMULASI PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF SISWA KELAS INKLUSIF DI SLB NEGERI KOTA MAGELANG KELAS VI SDLB JURUSAN C

The purpose of using the sap of sana kebo and jarak is to improve the quality of three-dimensional artwork from clay materials of grade VI SDLB-C and SD students by understanding the following matters, namely: (1) introducing natural materials that are cheaper and safer for environment, (2) improving the quality of finishing three-dimensional artwork created by students, and (3) stimulating students' thinking patterns to better explore alternative materials that can be found in the natural surroundings. This best practice was carried out in class VI of Kedungsari 5 Elementary School, Magelang City and class VI SDLB-C, Magelang City. There are several variations of shapes that students can choose from, among others: (1) flora models, (2) fauna models, (3) geometric models, and (4) figurative models. The process of teaching and learningabout three-dimensional works of art with the sap of sana kebo and jarak gums as finishing material in class VI Kedungsari 5 Elementary School Magelang City and class VI SDLB-C Magelang City demonstrate the following facts: (1) the interaction between students with special needs students from regular classes are well established, this is characterized by smooth communication during the learning process and harmonious integration in several games, (2) there is no gap between students with special needs and students from regular classes in teaching and learning activities, (3) use the sap of sana kebo and jarak improve the quality of threedimensional artwork made from clay, (4) three-dimensional artwork that uses the sap of sana kebo and jarak have a more attractive appearance than without the sap of sana kebo and jarak, (5) the use of materials nature provided by the surrounding environment can be encouraged in the learning process, and (6) it is needed a more interesting learning package to increase students' imagination and creation. It can be concluded that the sap of sana kebo and jarak proved to be able to improve the quality of three-dimensional artworks of grade VI students of SD Negeri Kedungsari 5, Magelang City and grade VI SDLB-C.

Topic: Child Development and Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD LHDGAUSS_RAY_MWRM8 #191507.1 (analyzed)

Ray trajectories for microwave reflectometry (mwrm) at set8 point obtained using ray-tracing code LHDGauss.

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Trauma-responsive Organizational Cultures: How Safe and Supported do Employees Feel?

Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the delivery of evidence-based, trauma-responsive care. Included in the evolution of this field is a recognition that services are provided in an organizational context, and that the quality of services delivered are impacted by the organizational culture in which service providers are employed. This article describes the critical role that leaders play in the creation of trauma-responsive organizational cultures, including specific actions they can take to establish and nurture a work environment supportive of delivering high quality services.

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Feature-Based Domain Modeling of Mobile Data Service Management Platform

To improve the efficiency and quality of the Mobile Data Service Management Platform updating and maintaining,this paper analyses the defect of the traditional domain model and combining the theory of domain project,build the feature-based domain model.It introduces the function entity to optimize the process of the component extracting.The experiment indicates this new domain model and the component extracting method strengthens the traceability between featrue and component and they are propitious to improve and maintain the platform.

Topic: Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Indole-3-acetic acid catabolism in Zea mays seedlings. Metabolic conversion of oxindole-3-acetic acid to 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

A new metabolite of the plant growth substance indole-3-acetic acid has been extracted from Zea mays seedlings and characterized as the 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside of 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid. This compound was the major product formed from [5-3H] 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid, incubated with intact plants or root and coleoptile sections. Identification was by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative and by analysis of the hydrolysis products. A synthesis is reported for 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid. These results and prior work demonstrate the following catabolic route for indole-3-acetic acid in Zea: indole-3-acetic acid----2-oxindole-3-acetic acid----7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid----7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid glucoside.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHALLENGE OF EDUCATORS IN TIMES OF REMOTE TEACHING

The present work addresses the challenges faced by educators during the remote teaching period, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid transition from the face-to-face to the virtual environment has brought numerous difficulties for education professionals. First, we discuss technological adaptation, since many educators needed to acquire new skills and competencies to use online teaching platforms and digital tools. Lack of adequate training and familiarity with educational technologies were crucial issues in this shift. In addition, we address social and educational inequalities aggravated by remote teaching. The lack of access to the internet and adequate devices in underprivileged communities resulted in an imbalance in access to education, creating a worrying scenario for educational inclusion. Another relevant point was the challenge of student engagement. The presence of face-to-face interaction and the difficulties in establishing a meaningful connection with students in the virtual environment impacted motivation and interest in educational activities. The work also highlights the increased workload for educators. The transition to remote learning follows extreme dedication and a balance between work and personal life. The need to prepare classes adapted to the digital environment and constant communication with students and families created additional challenges.

Topic: Educational Innovations and Technology
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Naming Practice of Royal Thai Army Camps in Context of Political Symbolism

The military coup d'etat in B.E. 2490 (1947) has instigated the conception of nationalism in a form of reestablishment of royal prerogatives of the monarch, as well as military power expansion in consequence. The Royal Thai Army has a role in maintaining national peace and order and a major role in Thai political system up until the present, particularly in a manner of establishing legitimacy in its political space expansion through distribution of manpower to be stationed in military camps throughout the country. There has been a practice of naming military camps after historical figures, local figures and places revered by the people so as to foster and strengthen national security. Hence, this article has intended to study the military camp naming practice of the Royal Thai Army in terms of political symbolism, and the findings thereof have indicated that the military camp naming practice involves three considerations; 1) serving the ideology of nationalism, 2) revising the history to venerate persons, and 3) maintaining political space and security within the immediate localities, which have developed into the political symbol of the Royal Thai Army and Thai society in harmony ever since.

Topic: Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Production of Positive Pions by 341-Mev Protons on Protons

The production of positive pions by protons on protons has been studied at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 58\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the beam of 341-Mev protons produced by the Berkeley synchrocyclotron. In the collision of two protons, two reactions are possible which lead to a ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ meson: (1) $P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+D$ and (2) $P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+N+P$. The experimental results at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} show an energy spectrum from 0 to 70 Mev which is fairly flat except for a large peak at the high-energy end. The flat portion of the spectrum can only be due to reaction (2). A comparison of the shape of the peak with the results of the phenomenological theory of Brueckner and Watson shows that the peak is due solely to reaction (1).This fact, together with a measurement of the energy of the beam and of the energy of the pions from reaction (1), gives the value 275.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 electron masses for the mass of the positive pion. The angular distribution in the center-of-mass system for reaction (1) as obtained from the data at the above three angles, is $(3.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2)[0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06+{cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}29}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{sterad}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and the total cross section for reaction (1) is (1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}28}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.These results have been compared with the results obtained by Durbin, Loar, and Steinberger and by Clark, Roberts, and Wilson on the inverse reaction, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P+P$. Using the theorem of detailed balancing, these experiments lead to the value zero for the spin of the positive pion with good certainty.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
GLP-1 Receptor Is Expressed in Human Stomach Mucosa

The stomach is a target organ of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). However, the cellular expression and glandular distribution of its receptor (GLP-1R) in human gastric mucosa are not known. We determined the expression of GLP-1R in different regions of human stomach mucosa and its specific cellular association and distribution within gastric glands. Tissue samples from stomach body and antrum were obtained from 20 patients during routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy. mRNA encoding GLP-1R protein expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Determination of cell types bearing GLP-1R, their localization, and their frequency in gastric glands in different gastric regions were estimated by immunohistochemical morphological analysis. Levels of GLP-1R mRNA were similar in body and antrum. GLP-1R immunoreactivity was found throughout the gastric mucosa in various types of glandular cells. The highest frequency of GLP-1R immunoreactive cells was found in the neck area of the principal glands in cells morphologically identified as parietal cells. GLP-1R immunostaining was also found on enteroendocrine-like cells in the pyloric glands. This study provides the first description of GLP-1R expression in human gastric glands and its specific cellular association. Our data suggest that GLP-1 may act directly on the gastric mucosa to modulate its complex functions.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advances in DNA Vaccines

DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans.&nbsp;

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
352. COVID-19 Not a Risk Factor of Alopecia Areata: Results of a National Cohort Study in South Korea

Abstract Background There have been approximately 158 million coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic survivors worldwide by June 9, 2021. As a result, concerns about hair loss in COVID-19 patients have emerged among dermatologists. However, most of extant literature have limited implications by relying on cross-sectional studies with restricted study subjects without control group. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the risk of developing alopecia areata (AA) among COVID-19 patients in South Korea using adequate control based on national representative data. Methods We used the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) COVID-19 cohort database, comprising COVID-19 patient and control group, all of whom were diagnosed from January 1, 2020 to June 4, 2020. Patients were defined as individuals who were confirmed as COVID-19 positive, regardless of disease severity. Controls were defined as whom confirmed as COVID-19 negative. People with a history of AA during the period 2015–2019 were excluded. The primary endpoint was a new diagnosis of AA (ICD-10-CM-Code: L63). Adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing AA was estimated using log-link Poisson regression model based on incidence density of case and control group. The model adjusted for (1) age and sex (2) demographic variables (age, sex, place of residence, and income level). Statistical significance was set at p&amp;lt; 0.05. Results A total of 226,737 individuals (7,958 [3.5%] cases and 218,779 [96.5%] controls) were included in the final analysis. There were more females than males, both in test positives and negatives at 59.9% and 52.3%, respectively. The largest test positive population was those in age group 20 to 29 years (25.5%),. The test negatives had the largest population in age group 30 to 39 years (17.1%). The ratio of newly diagnosed AA was 18/7,958 (0.2%) in cases and 195/218,779 (0.1%) in controls. IRRs of COVID-19 patients having newly diagnosed AA compared to controls were 0.78 (0.48‒1.27) when age and sex were adjusted for, and 0.60 (0.35‒1.03) when all demographic variables were adjusted for. Flowchart of study subject selection Conclusion Diagnosis of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with development of AA even after appropriately adjusting for covariates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Topic: Hair Growth and Disorders
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Studies of bioavailability of different food sources of selenium in experiment].

The selenium bioavailability in selenium enriched Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), phycocyanin containing (Se-PC) protein isolate, separated from this micro algae and in sodium selenite was studied and compared in rats. The daily dose of selenium per one animal was 5 microgram in all experimental groups. The average selenium levels in blood serum and liver of animals that received sodium selenite during 14 days were the highest. The average selenium level in blood serum of animals fed with selenium enriched Spirulina platensis after 14 days of receiving was the same with the control group, but the average concentration of selenium in their liver was rather high and close to this parameter of sodium selenite animal group. The animals which were fed with Se-PC showed better results. Their average selenium level in blood serum was higher than in Spirulina group, but lower than in sodium selenite group. The average concentration of selenium in the liver of these animals was the same with sodium selenite animal group. As regards to animals that were fed with selenium enriched Spirulina, Se-PC and sodium selenite for 21 days, the average selenium levels ratio in their blood serum and liver was higher than in control group, but these results were not significantly different among each other. The concentrations of selenium in seminal glands in all groups of animals including control group both after 14 and 21 days feeding were close to each other.

Topic: Selenium in Biological Systems
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences