jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peter Byrne. Natural Religion and the Nature of Religion: The Legacy of Deism. Pp. 271 + xv. (London and New York: Routledge, 1989.) £35.00.

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Topic: Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Role of Mammography after Breast-Conserving Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Aims and background To investigate the impact of postchemotherapy mammography on radiotherapy timing and detection of early locoregional recurrences in breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Bilateral mammography was performed before radiotherapy. Mammogram assessments were collected using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scale. Differences in waiting times for radiotherapy between patients who needed further evaluation after mammograms and who did not were tested by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results A total of 277 patients who underwent locoregional restaging after conservative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated. All patients had surgical margins greater than 2 mm. No locoregional recurrences were detected. Only in 2 patients (0.7%) did preradiotherapy mammograms reveal a contralateral breast cancer, which was histologically confirmed. After chemotherapy, the waiting times for radiotherapy were not different between patients who needed further imaging evaluation and patients who did not (34 days, 95% CI: 29–65 vs 38 days, 95% CI: 32–39; P = NS). Conclusion According to these data, postchemotherapy mammography detected a contralateral breast cancer in very few cases (0.7%); thus, even if performing these exams did not delay the start of radiotherapy, we believe that preradiotherapy mammograms are not necessary for patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Practical Experience of the Mini-CEX in Undergraduate Trainees

Mini-clinical evaluation exercise in UK medical education has grown in recent years. We conducted Mini-CEX as a clinical evaluation method to assess its' feasibility and students' acceptance in undergraduate trainees. They were assessed by valid and reliable rating scale.Then, their satisfaction and experiences were assessed. Trainees' satisfaction of mini-CEX was 76.8±12.5 (of 100). They mentioned that this method could improve their motivation, but it was time-consuming. The results implicate that undergraduate students were satisfied with mini-CEX outcome. But they worried about its' long process. We recommend shortening its' process by dividing it into some parts in order to use mini-CEX as a lifelong learning.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quantitative separation of the influence of copper (II) chloride mass migration on the chemo-responsive shape memory effect in polyurethane shape memory polymer

Chemo-responsive shape memory effect in polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP) composite triggered by mass migration of copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) has been experimentally demonstrated. In this study, we present a comprehensive study on quantitative separation of the effect of CuCl2 particle mass migration on the chemo-responsive shape recovery behavior of polyurethane SMP composites with different concentrations of CuCl2 particles. It is found that the SMP is featured with a critical release rate of the mechanical energy storage associated with the shape recovery behavior due to mass migration of the CuCl2 particle. A sequence of molecular interactions among CuCl2 particles, polyurethane macromolecules and water molecules, i.e., assembly of the CuCl2 particle with polyurethane macromolecules, and then disassembly and dissolution of the CuCl2 particle in water, results in an acceleration of water-induced shape recovery of polyurethane SMP. This study focuses on the quantitative separation of the influence of mass migration on the chemo-responsive shape recovery behavior of polyurethane SMP in response to water. It is expected to promote and achieve the actuation of chemo-responsive SMPs in a fully controllable manner.

Topic: Polymer composites and self-healing
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Revelation and Religious Experience in the Islamic Tradition

Abstract All great theistic religions rest their belief systems on faith in divine revelations which are commonly recorded and preserved in sacred texts and writings. However, while such religions share this common starting point about revelation, they differ between themselves in regard to how this claim should be properly conceived. These differences include, among other things, distinct responses to such questions as to whether God Himself is the author of the sacred texts or whether they are written by humans who are merely inspired by Him; the sense in which God has spoken those words and the role that the prophets have played in the ensuing process. In Islam, God is regarded as the sole author of the Quranic verses, which are said to have been dictated to Prophet Mohammed. This ‘dictation model’ of revelation (waḥy) raises, however, a host of problems. In addition to the metaphysically oriented questions just noted, it also raises the spectre of the epistemological problem of error and accuracy. This chapter aims to elucidate the Islamic view of revelation from both the historical as well as the modern perspective as it is principally understood by such Muslim thinkers as al-Fārābī, Avicenna, al-Ghazzālī, and their modern successors such as Mohammad Iqbal, and to show how it has been progressively enriched by the different philosophical disciplines that have been brought to bear on it.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The microvasculature of human infant oral mucosa using vascular corrosion casts and india ink injection. II. Palate and lip.

The microvasculature of human hard and soft palate and lip originating from four infant males and six females, aged 6 months to 2 years was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy of India ink injected specimens. The capillary loops of the hard palate mucosa and vermilion border of the lips were found to be tall, numerous and consisted of primary, secondary and tertiary loops. Those of the soft palatal and labial mucosa were short, few in number and demonstrated a simple hair-pin shape originating directly from the subpapillary vascular network. It was concluded that the configuration of capillary loops is not only determined by the shape of the connective tissue papillae in the lamina propria but also influenced by the functional demands characteristic of the different areas of the oral mucosa.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Coexpression of ESBL, Amp C and MBL in gram negative bacilli

Background: Resistant bacteria are emerging worldwide as a threat to the favourable outcome of common infections in community and hospital settings. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β lactamases and Metallo-β Lactamases (MBL) are the three important mechanism of resistance to beta lactam drugs in the bacteria. The objective of the study was to screen gram negative isolates for co-expression of extended spectrum β-lactamase, Amp C β-lactamase and Metallo β-lactamase production. Methods: In this study 50 (27 male & 23 female) adult skulls were investigated to determine the type of asterion, its distance from important bony landmarks and also the nearby venous sinuses were measured. Results: Seven hundred and six isolates from various clinical samples from Kamineni institute of medical sciences Hospital, Narketpally, were processed during the period of October 2010 to September 2012. Gram negative bacilli were identified by colony morphology, gram stain, motility, enzyme detection tests, etc. ESBL detection was carried but by two procedures like double disc synergy tests (DDST) and phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT). AmpC Beta-lactamase detection was done by AmpC Disc Test. MBL production was tested by Imipenem-EDTA combined disc test. Conclusions: Klebsiella was the commonest isolate (28.47%) followed by E coli (26.48%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.54%), Enterobacter (8.92%), Acinetobacter (8.92%) and Citrobacter (7.64%). A total of 272 out of 706 gram negative isolates were ESBL producers. ESBL production was seen more in E. coli followed by Klebsiella and P. aeruginosa . A total of 73 out of 706 isolates were inducible Amp C producers. AmpC production was seen more in Acinetobacter. A total of 65 out of 706 isolates were MBL producers. MBL Production was seen more in E. coli .

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prospective, Long‐Term Study of Fat‐soluble Vitamin Status in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Identified by Newborn Screen

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the biochemical status of vitamins A, D, and E in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Subjects: A total of 127 infants identified by the Colorado CF newborn screening program. Design: Vitamin status (serum ret‐inol, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D, ratio of alpha‐tocopherol/total lipids) and serum albumin were assessed at diagnosis (4 to 8 weeks), ages 6 months, 12 months, and yearly thereafter, to age 10 years. Results: Deficiency of 1 or more vitamins was present in 44 (45.8%) of 96 patients at age 4 to 8 weeks as follows: vitamin A 29.07c, vitamin D 22.5%, and vitamin E 22.8%. Of these patients with initial deficiency, the percent that was deficient at 1 or more subsequent time points, despite supplementation, was vitamin A 11.1%, vitamin D 12.5%, and vitamin E 57.1%. Of the initial patients with vitamin sufficiency, the percent who became deficient at any time during the 10‐year period was as follows: vitamin A 4.5%, vitamin D 14.4%, and vitamin E 11.8%. The percent of patients deficient for 1 or more vitamins ranged from

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Community evolution and engagement through assortative mixing in online social networks

In this exploratory paper, we examine the evolution and engagement of an online community through a ten-year period. Data is collected from an online public discussion forum provided by a government-sponsored website specifically developed for community capacity building. We postulate that there are clear patterns of assortativity where similar actors engage in communication with each other over time. Results show that there is a clear pattern of networks losing their disassortative character in the early years followed by disassortative networks in the later years. The network-level results challenges government-level metrics of community-building success and suggests network analysis as an empirical avenue for understanding social processes involved in the very nature of community building.

Topic: Complex Network Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
College Students’ Grief Over a Breakup

For this study, we examined associations between relationship closeness and grief endorsement, as well as the perceived stigmatization grief following the end of an intimate partner relationship. Participants of the current study (N = 254), ages 17–28, completed an online survey and claimed to have experienced a breakup within the past 24 months. Multiple regression analyses predicted grief intensity based on participants' experience of closeness and stigmatization. Results indicated that grief partially predicts closeness within the past relationship and perceived stigmatization. These findings suggest that the experience of grief after a breakup is impacted by closeness and stigma.

Topic: Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Yield and quality characteristics of durum wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions in central anatolia region

The study aimed to investigate the possibility of integrated assessment of durum wheat genotypes in multi-environmental trials for grain quality and yield. The most important selection parameters for durum wheat grain quality were analysed: kernel weight, test weight, kernel diameter, hardness index, kernel vitreousness, colour L, a, b values, grain protein content, SDS sedimentation, and modified SDS sedimentation. A wide variation was observed for all quality characteristics as well as grain yield. Variations in test weight and grain yield in different environments were significantly higher than those found among cultivars, whereas variations in hardness index, kernel vitreousness, colour L and b values, grain protein content, SDS sedimentation, and modified SDS sedimentation among cultivars were significantly higher than those found between environments. Variations in kernel weight, kernel diameter, and colour a value were similar for cultivars and environments. Heritability values of the traits in the study ranged from 0.28 for grain yield to 0.99 for the SDS sedimentation test. Significant relationships were observed among traits according to both biplot and correlation analyses. The ?kizce location, where the highest mean grain yield and the lowest variation (347 kg/da, 299-412 kg/da, respectively) were obtained, might be considered the most suitable location for wheat production. Nine genotypes out of twenty-four evaluated showed good values for SDS sedimentation, colour value b, and grain yield and could be considered the most promising lines for selection.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dairy Cattle Housing in Lancashire, Seventeenth to Twenty-First Centuries

The modernisation and adaptation of dairy cattle housing over 400 years is explored, focusing on the historic county of Lancashire. A distinctive regional building type was continuously upgraded in response to structural changes in dairying and to new business opportunities resulting from industrialisation and improved transport links. Higher standards of animal husbandry and further upgrading were required from the mid-nineteenth century to conform to a succession of national public health regulations. Medical Officers of Health were aware of potential infection risks, both from cattle and from workers in the dairy trade, which they were determined to minimise. Traditional buildings were modified to conform to legislation by providing more spacious housing, with improved cleanliness, light and ventilation. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries the adapted buildings were finally outmoded by further pressures, both local and national, bringing about the end of the vernacular tradition.

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Human medial temporal lobe in aging: Anatomical basis of memory preservation

The integrity of the hippocampal formation is necessary for the correct function of declarative memory for facts and events. Normal aging is associated with a widespread decrease in cortical volume, including the hippocampal formation and related cortical areas, although in many cases, memory is only minimally impaired. In the present study, we quantified the extent of the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal cortex, as well as the medial temporal lobe proisocortical areas related to memory function, such as temporopolar cortex, perirhinal cortex, and posterior parahippocampal cortex) in 42 control cases. After detailed cytoarchitectonic analysis (based on homology with the nonhuman primate medial temporal lobe), planimetric measurement (calculated area) of a two-dimensional reconstruction of the parahippocampal gyrus was performed, and cases older than 70 years were compared with cases younger than 70 years. All areas showed atrophy with aging (average, entorhinal cortex, 5%; perirhinal cortex, 4%; posterior parahippocampal cortex, 15%; temporal pole, not assessable). Both entorhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortices reached statistical significance. Our results suggest that cortical areas relevant in memory function, and anatomically linked to the hippocampus, present a small degree of atrophy with aging, thereby permitting the reciprocal flow of information between the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex necessary for memory encoding and retrieval. Microsc. Res. Tech. 43:8–15, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Histopathologic Analysis of Sixteen Autopsy Cases of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Comparison With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

Abstract Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of organic substances and certain inorganic chemicals. The histopathologic features of chronic HP (CHP) have not been studied extensively. We examined the pathologic characteristics of 16 autopsy cases of clinically confirmed CHP and compared them with 11 cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF/UIP). To clarify the exact intralobular location of the fibrotic lesions, we conducted 3-dimensional reconstruction of fibrosis of CHP and IPF/UIP. Granuloma was not detected in any CHP case. Similar to IPF/UIP, honeycombing lesions were found dominantly in the lower lobes in most CHP cases; upper lobe dominance and asymmetrical distribution of honeycomb lesions were more frequent in CHP than in IPF/UIP. In all lungs affected by CHP, centrilobular fibrosis was outstanding, often connecting to the perilobular areas in the appearance of “bridging fibrosis,” which was clearly demonstrated by 3-dimensional imaging. Centrilobular and bridging fibrosis were significantly more conspicuous in CHP than IPF/UIP; however, considerable overlap was found. It is important to thoroughly explore the possibility of antigen exposure in cases of lungs with UIP with centrilobular fibrosis to discriminate CHP from IPF/UIP.

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ArF (193-nm) alternating aperture PSM quartz defect repair and printability for 100-nm node

Repair and printability of 193nm alternating aperture phase shift masks have been studied in detail in an effort to understand the overall production capability of these masks for wafer production at the 100nm node and below.

Topic: Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatial Analysis of Environmental Factors with Leptospirosis Cases in The Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia

The Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia is an leptospirosis endemic area. This study&amp;rsquo;s purpose is to spatially describe the abiotic and biotic environmental factors with the Leptospirosis incidence in the Klaten Regency in 2018. This was a descriptive observational with cross-sectional approach conducted in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, in 2019 with 59 respondents. The results revealed that the percentage of abiotic environment factors such as poor waste disposal facilities, poor gutter conditions, river &amp;lt;200 meters, and flooding history, namely 35.6%; 41.2%; 54.2%; and 6.8%, respectively. The highest leptospirosis cases occurred in April 2018 with 325 mm of rainfall, average temperature of 270C, average humidity of 82.3%, and altitude of 100-200 MASL (79.7%). Meanwhile, biotic factors included rat nest existence (100%), having pets at risk (32.2%), and &amp;ge;3 types of vegetation (79.7%). In conclusion, most respondents' dominant environmental factors were presence of rat nests, &amp;ge;3 vegetation types, and river availability &amp;lt;200 meters.

Topic: Leptospirosis research and findings
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Visualizations of Multiple Probability Measures for SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 genomes are collected from various open source genomic banks. A set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are selected for visualization under both the A3 and C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Multiple probability measures are mapped as relevant 1D histograms, and it is convenient to observe distinct differences among various distributions to organize similar patterns into relevant groups. Sample genomes were processed, and their visual results were illustrated.

Topic: Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ELISA Methods Based on Monoclonal Antibodies for the Serological Diagnosis of Lumpy Skin Disease

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a notifiable, transboundary cattle disease that spreads rapidly and has a relevant economic impact. The etiological agent is the LSD virus (LSDV), genus Capripoxvirus, and family Poxviridae. To date, LSDV is widely present in Africa, Asia, and in transcontinental regions like Russia, Turkey, and the Middle East, thus representing a continuous threat to free neighbours. Appropriate serosurveillance programs can complement disease control, inform about its spread, and enable the assessment of vaccination campaigns. Since reliable and practical diagnostic tools could improve serological surveillance, this study aimed to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that allowed us to develop ELISA tests for the serological detection of LSD. Four MAbs recognizing a 35 kDa viral protein were selected and used to develop and optimize competitive and indirect ELISAs. Both assays detected seroconversion within 14 days postinfection (dpi) in 18 cattle experimentally infected with LSDV and sequentially sampled for up to 4 weeks. The two novel ELISAs detected also antibodies raised by other capripoxviruses: as observed in cattle, both assays revealed seroconversion within 14 dpi in all nine sheep experimentally infected with sheeppox virus (SPPV), while in eight goats infected with goatpox virus (GTPV) competitive ELISA identified seropositivity earlier and in more animals compared to indirect ELISA. Overall, the sensitivity performance of both developed ELISAs resulted comparatively superior to those of virus neutralization test and the commercial Id.Vet ELISA. Testing of about 200 negative sera from each species recorded a single false-positive cattle in the indirect ELISA, which gave a specificity of 99.5%, whereas for the competitive ELISA, the diagnostic specificity was 100% irrespective of the species tested. The results enable concluding that both new tests correctly detect anti-LSDV antibodies in cattle and can also be reliable tools to recognize antibodies to SPPV and GTPV.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences