jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Light-induced changes in GTP and ATP in frog rod photoreceptors. Comparison with recovery of dark current and light sensitivity during dark adaptation.J. Gem. Physiol

ABSTRACT Light decreases GTP and ATP levels in purified suspensions of physiologically active frog rod outer segments still attached to their inner segment ellipsoids (OS-IS). (a) The GTP decrease is slower in OS-IS (t1/2 = 40 s) than in isolated outer segments (hi2 = 7 s), which suggests there is more effective buffering in OS-IS. (b) The GTP decrease becomes detectable only at intensities greater than those required to saturate the photoresponse. As the intensity ofa continuous light is increased over 4 log units, GTP levels decrease linearly with log intensity by as much as 60 %. GTP is reduced to steady intermediate levels during extended illumination of intermediate intensity. (c) At levels of illumination bleaching&amp;gt;0.003 % of the rhodopsin, a decrease in ATP levels becomes detectable. (d) Following a flash, GTP levels fall and- then rise with a recovery time dependent on the intensity ofthe flash. (e) After both 0.2 and 2 % flash bleaches, the recovery of GTP levels parallels the recovery of light sensitivity, which is slower than the recovery of the dark current. This raises the possibility of a link between GTP levels and light sensitivity.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Public Relations Acceptance Towards Press Release Application with Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gradually changing every industry, including the Public Relations industry (Afzal, 2018). Skills associated with conducting research, creating content, evaluating campaigns, tracking issues and countless work processes are being automated with AI. We believe, although never fully replace public relations professionals but will increasingly assist us and possibly do a better job. We are developing PR Bot, a tool that help PR to create an instant press release using an AI (machine learning). Before we continue building the app, we need to know whether the PR practitioners will accept this technology or not. To find the results we conduct a descriptive research, using interview and polling survey, convenient sampling among the PR professional in Greater Jakarta area. We use Technology Acceptance Model to develop the questionnaire. According to the interview, we found that the knowledge and skill of using new technology of the respondents is very good. The survey shows the acceptance of the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the PR Bot is high. The conclusion, the target market is ready to use the technology, they feel that this tech will help them in daily basis task. Based on this result, we will continue developing and using the insight from the respondents to build the feature of this application.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Polymerization of Lipid Bilayer Initiated by a Redox Initiator: Effect of Polymerization on Dyes in the Inner Water Phase

Abstract The polymerization of the liposomal lipid bilayers of phoshpolipids having one or two diene groups was studied by the use of a redox initiator (NaHSO3/K2S2O8) at low temperature (8 °C). The soluble and insoluble polymers were obtained, respectively. The membrane polymerization itself had small effect on the dye in the inner water phase.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new dimension in publishing ethics: social media-based ethics-related accusations

Purpose Whistle-blowing, which has become an integral part of the post-publication peer-review movement, is being fortified by social media. Anonymous commenting on blogs as well as Tweets about suspicions of academic misconduct can spread quickly on social media sites like Twitter. The purpose of this paper is to examine two cases to expand the discussion about how complex post-publication peer review is and to contextualize the use of social media within this movement. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines a Twitter-based exchange between an established pseudonymous blogger and science critic, Neuroskeptic , and Elizabeth Wager, the former COPE Chair, within a wider discussion of the use of social media in post-publication peer review. The paper also discusses false claims made on Twitter by another science watchdog, Leonid Schneider. The policies of 15 publishers related to anonymous or pseudonymous whistle-blowing are examined. Findings Four issues in the Neuroskeptic –Wager case were debated: the solicitation by Wager to publish in RIPR; the use of commercial software by Neuroskeptic to make anonymous reports to journals; the links between “publication ethics” leaders and whistle-blowers or pseudonymous identities; the issues of transparency and possible hidden conflicts of interest. Only one publisher (Wiley) out of 15 scientific publishers examined claimed in its official ethical guidelines that anonymous reports should be investigated in the same way as named reports, while three publishers (Inderscience, PLOS and Springer Nature) referred to the COPE guidelines. Originality/value No such Twitter-based case has yet been examined in detail in the publishing ethics literature.

Topic: Academic integrity and plagiarism
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
To deviate from the expected: a collective story of physical activity among inactive rural children

Physically inactive children in rural areas are overlooked in research because of the dominance of urban perspectives focusing on physical activity rather than inactivity. The aim of this article is to examine an emerging collective story of how physically inactive children (aged 9-11 years) in two rural areas experience their relationships with physical activity. Based on praxis-oriented sociocultural theorising, this study focuses on how practical physical activity is understood by rural children as part of their sociocultural environment. Five focus group interviews with 21 physically inactive rural children in western Sweden were conducted. Experiences and behaviours that the children emphasised as central to their inactivity were analysed as sociocultural expressions in a collective story about physical activity. To underline the importance of narratives for behaviour in the sociocultural environment, the collective story is presented through three composite narratives told by three fictional characters: 'Robin, the shy one', 'Kim, the farm kid', and 'Angry Alex'. Characteristic of these inactive rural children is a lack of self-confidence, a lack of meaning, and difficulties in managing social physical activities. Common to the behaviours that follow from the children's experiences is that they are perceived as deviating from what is expected of them in accordance with the cultural story about a physically active child. The analysis shows that the underlying cause is the discrepancy between the children's understanding of physical activity and the understanding conveyed via institutions informed by urban perspectives such as, for example, school. For instance, children view physical activity as part of daily labour at the same time that the school teaches physical activities intended for recreational purposes in spare time. Institutions should make room for more interpretations, including rural ones, of the meaning of physical activity and, thus, contribute to reconstructing the cultural narrative about physical activity.

Topic: Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Interaction between Erythrocyte Organic Phosphates, Magnesium Ion, and Hemoglobin

Abstract Oxygen equilibria have been used to study the interaction between red cell organic phosphates, magnesium ion, and hemoglobin. We measured the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin solutions containing either 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) or ATP and varying concentrations of magnesium ion at 10°, 20°, and 30°. Deoxyhemoglobin and Mg2+ were competitors, binding reciprocally with the organic phosphates. Stability constants derived from these data were in the order: HbDPG g HbATP g MgATP g MgDPG. The binding of deoxyhemoglobin to 2,3-DPG was more temperature dependent than its binding to ATP (ΔH = -11 kcal per mole and -6.1 kcal per mole respectively). Unlike MgATP, the binding of magnesium ion to 2,3-DPG was independent of temperature. From these equilibria and a knowledge of the total red cell concentration of magnesium, ATP, 2,3-DPG, and hemoglobin, we have estimated the distribution of bound and unbound molecules within oxygenated and deoxygenated erythrocytes under physiological conditions. The bulk of red cell ATP is bound to magnesium and therefore is ineffective in mediating hemoglobin function. Upon deoxygenation there is a considerable increase in the concentration of free magnesium ion.

Topic: Hemoglobin structure and function
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Telomerization of acrylic acid with mercaptans: Part 2. Kinetics of the synthesis of star‐shaped macromolecules of acrylic acid

Abstract The telomerization of acrylic acid with a polyfunctional transfer agent initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile, was first investigated in an organic medium (THF) at 65 °C. Transfer constants ( C T ) for three mercaptans, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tris(2‐mercaptoacetate) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) of about 6.1, 6.3 and 7.3, respectively, were determined. From these results, it followed that a well‐defined star poly(acrylic acid) could not be synthesized via telomerization of acrylic acid in THF. Nevertheless, the same study was performed with the tetrafunctional transfer agent in water/THF mixtures. This work emphasized that the nature of the solvent plays an important role in determining the transfer constant. Thus, the value of C T for the tetrafunctional transfer agent decreased from 7.3 in THF to 1, the ‘ideal’ case for telomerization (C T ≈ 1), for the mixture of solvents water/THF (80%, 20%, v/v). With this route, it seems that acrylic acid star‐shaped macromolecules could be synthesized via telomerization. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surveillance of healthcare acquired infections in hospital and community: a retrospective study in Local Healthcare Organization of Rovigo

&#x0D; Background: antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are associated with higher incidences of mortality, morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increase of costs. Surveillance of alert organism/conditions and bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a systematic and dynamic system of data collection that analyses and monitors trends of bacterial resistance. This study was conducted to detect antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in order to inform treatment choices and generate hospital-wide baseline data.&#x0D; Methods: the Local Healtcare Oganization of Rovigo has started a program of surveillance on antimicrobial resistance in hospital and community. In this work some results of the surveillance of microorganism isolated and related antimicrobial resistance are reported, collected in the period 2009-2010 in Rovigo and Trecenta Hospitals, Territorial Nursing Homes (TNH) and community from patients’ blood, urine and respiratory samples.&#x0D; Results: data show a significant difference in the level of antibiotic resistance between the two Hospitals. High rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms are detected and carbapenems are the only reliable agents for the treatment of many infections in the Hospital of Trecenta and TNH.&#x0D; Conclusions: because ESBL producing bacteria are emerging pathogens in the community, the rational use of available antibiotics or the appropriate antimicrobial prescribing are imperative. Local surveillance is a powerful tool to detect and monitor hospital and community infections and provides information useful as a guide to medical practice, including therapeutics and disease-control activities.&#x0D;

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fracture frequency in mudrocks: an example from the Queenston Formation of southern Ontario

In weathered surface exposures of the Queenston Formation (a red mudrock of Upper Ordovician age), an important fracture type appears as curved partings of generally low dip. Excavation of these fractures shows them to be continuous (for many metres), contorted, ranging in orientation from horizontal to vertical, and to be closely associated with small-scale slickensided surfaces. Evidence of water movement along these fractures is present. They are considered to be large soft sediment deformation shears, their present aperture being due to stress release.Detailed examination of core samples of the formation reveals numerous small slickensided shears, present throughout the unit but sometimes only revealed by core breakage. The frequency of these slickensides correlates directly with clay content and inversely with calcite content. In addition, their frequency is inversely correlated with point load strength index. Engineering geologists normally would not advocate the prediction of fracture frequency of a geological material from a strength index test or a compositional parameter. However, evidence presented here suggests that such a prediction is possible for certain fracture types in this, and perhaps other, red mudrocks. Key words: red mudrock, slickensided fracture frequency, point load test, calcite content.

Topic: Geological formations and processes
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Taxation of Philanthropy in Switzerland: Current Status and Suggestions for Improvement

In this contribution, the author describes the current rules with regard to the taxation of philanthropic activities in Switzerland and makes various suggestions for improvements to the current regime. In this respect, the developments in EU law with regard to cross-border giving are also taken into account.

Topic: Taxation and Legal Issues
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical study of group effects for pile groups in sands

Abstract The OpenSees finite element framework was used to simulate the response of 3×3 and 4×3 pile groups founded in loose and medium dense sands. Several numerical static pushover tests were conducted to investigate the interaction effects for pile groups. The results were then compared with those from centrifuge study. It is shown that our simulations can predict the behaviour of pile groups with good accuracy. Special attention was given to the three dimensional distribution of bending moment. It was found that bending moment develops in the plane perpendicular to the loading direction. In addition, bending moment data from simulations was used to derive p – y curves for individual piles, which were used to illustrate different behaviour of individual piles in the same group. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Young People’s Reasons for and Emotional Reactions to Sexting in Intimate Relationships

Although sexting is a widespread phenomenon among today's youth, little is known about their experiences of sexting with their intimate partners. This study addresses this gap by examining young people's reasons for sexting and emotional reactions to sending and receiving sexts in their intimate relationships, as reported by 764 (48.7% girls) 15-20-year-olds in Finland. Both younger and older girls and boys reported mostly positive reactions to both sending and receiving sexts. However, girls reported more negative reactions than boys did. Girls' reasons for sending sexts were more frequently related to their own desire to feel sexy or flirtatious, their need for validation from their partner, or the pressure that their partner put on them to sext, whereas boys' reasons more often indicated normative ideas of sexting as a typical component in a romantic relationship and responding to sexts sent to them by their partners. The results suggest that although it is mostly consensual and reciprocal, sexting within intimate relationships may carry different meanings for boys and girls, reflecting gendered heterosexual norms.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Dashboard for Lean Revenue Cycle Management

Lean methodologies are increasingly deployed by healthcare providers to improve billing and collection process in revenue cycle management. Measurement on key performance metrics generates large amount of data. Traditional tabular and spreadsheet form analytics are not efficient to support enterprise scale lean improvement sustainability. This paper introduces a new breed of visual dashboard technology and its value as emerging differentiator from traditional business intelligence, especially in the rapid deployment and usability perspective. We present an exemplary case of using QlikView dashboard for lean revenue cycle management. Initial evaluation result is promising and indicates the dashboard empowers end users with intuitive and interactive experience, ad-hoc questions and answers. Integrating performance dashboard with enterprise data governance, predictive modeling will be evaluated further in future study.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Phase - II Lepage - type CUSUM charts for joint monitoring of location and scale

Most control charts in nonparametric statistics tend to focus on detecting changes in the location or scale parameters. Since it is ideal to monitor both, researchers have proposed to combine them into a single statistic. From there, the Lepage-type family of tests was born, and it’s been updated with many versions. Chowdhury, Mukherjee, and Chrakaborti proposed merging the Ansari-Bradley and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests into a single plotting statistic able to track persistent changes in the location and scale parameters in Phase II in the form of a CUSUM chart, using a reference sample from Phase I. The work from Guerrero (2016) based on several tests proposed by Conover et al. (1981) shows that there may be many statistics able to perform better than the Ansari-Bradley for monitoring the scale parameter. In the present work, we propose three Control charts based on the mentioned recommendations. These are the LP-M, LP-FK, and LP-SR CUSUM charts, in which the Ansari-Bradley statistic is replaced for the Mood, the Fligner and Killeen, and the Squared ranks tests respectively. Via Monte Carlo simulations, Control limits are tabulated for practitioners, plus the In-control and Out-of-control performance of the charts are calculated and compared with the CUSUM-Lepage Chart proposed by Chowdhury. This will help to choose the most useful CUSUM chart for each scenario. An example using real data illustrates how the proposed Control Charts must be implemented.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple Mechanical Gradients are Responsible for the Strong Adhesion of Spider Attachment Hair

Abstract Wandering spiders climb vertically and walk upside‐down on rough and smooth surfaces using a nanostructured attachment system on their feet. The spiders are assumed to adhere by intermolecular van der Waals forces between the adhesive structures and the substrate. The adhesive elements are arranged highly ordered on the hierarchically structured attachment hair (setae). While walking, it has been suggested that the spiders apply a shear force on their legs to increase friction. However, the detailed mechanical behavior of the hair's structures during attachment and detachment remains unknown. Here, gradients of the mechanical properties of the attachment hair on different length scales that have evolved to support attachment, stabilize adhesion in contact, and withstand high stress at detachment, examined by in situ experiments, are shown. Shearing helps to self‐align the adhesive elements with the substrate. The study is anticipated to contribute to the development of optimized artificial dry adhesives.

Topic: Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sporulation Culture of Spheroplasts Disturbs the Formation of Normal Spore Pairs in the Yeast &lt;i&gt;Saccharomycodes ludwigii&lt;/i&gt;

In Saccharomycodes ludwigii, two spores with opposite mating types are tethered together by a ledge at the poles of a lemon-shaped apiculate cell. In the present study, we performed sporulation culture of spheroplasts of S. ludwigii in order to investigate how cell shape affects the formation of spore pairs. Each spore pair in whole cells or in spheroplasts was isolated using a micromanipulator, and the colonies derived from the germination of spore pairs were tested for sporulation ability and mating type. In terms of the results, among 55 colonies derived from spore pairs in whole cells, only one colony was haploid and the other 54 colonies were diploid. In contrast, among 55 colonies derived from spores in spheroplasts, 10 colonies were haploid and the other 45 colonies were diploid. These results, together with microscopic observations, suggest that the lemon-shaped cell morphology is important for the formation of normal spore pairs.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The ‘greening’ of Cardinal Manning

Henry Edward Manning, son of a governor of the Bank of England, graduate of Harrow and Oxford, ended his life being denounced for home rule politics and socialistic economics. Manning expected to 'sink to the bottom and disappear' when he resigned as Anglican archdeacon of Chichester in 1850 before converting to Catholicism. But in 1865, the pope personally intervened to appoint him archbishop of Westminster and leader of the Catholic Church in England, and in 1875 created him a cardinal. Manning's increasing radicalism arguably constitutes a 'greening', the application to England of insights gleaned from his engagement with Ireland. His pamphlet Ireland: A Letter to Earl Grey adopted politically radical ideas in response to Irish conditions. This chapter offers a preliminary sketch of how in the service of a new Irish Catholic identity his economics radicalised, beginning with the pamphlet The Dignity and Rights of Labour.

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences