jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improved Gel Properties of Whey Protein-Stabilized Emulsions by Ultrasound and Enzymatic Cross-Linking

This study investigated the effects of high-intensity ultrasound (HUS) and transglutaminase pretreatment on the gelation behavior of whey protein soluble aggregate (WPISA) emulsions. HUS pretreatment and TGase-mediated cross-linking delayed the onset of gelation but significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) the gel firmness (G′) both after gel formation at 25 °C and during storage at 4 °C. The frequency sweep test indicated that all gels had a similar frequency dependence at 4 and 25 °C, and the elasticity and viscosity of the WPISA-stabilized emulsion gel were significantly enhanced by HUS pretreatment and TGase-mediated cross-linking (p &lt; 0.05). HUS and TGase-mediated cross-linking greatly improved the textural properties of WPISA-stabilized emulsion gels, as revealed by their increases in gel hardness, cohesiveness, resilience, and chewiness. HUS pretreatment and TGase-mediated cross-linking significantly increased the water-holding capacity but decreased the swelling ratios of the gels (p &lt; 0.05). Interactive force analysis confirmed that noncovalent interactions, disulfide bonds, and TGase-induced covalent cross-links were all involved in the formation of gel networks. In conclusion, the combination of HUS and TGase-mediated cross-linking were beneficial for improving the gelation properties of WPISA-stabilized emulsion as a controlled release vehicle for potential food industrial applications.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
All-Optical Multi-Wavelength Conversion with Negative Power Penalty by a Commercial SOA-MZI for WDM Wavelength Multicast

WDM wavelength multicast is demonstrated by all-optical multi-wavelength conversion at 10 Gb/s using a commercial SOA-MZI. We report for the first time simultaneous one-to-four conversion with negative power penalty of 1.84 dB.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patrul Rinpoche on Self-Cultivation: The Rhetoric of Nineteenth-Century Tibetan Buddhist Life-Advice

Buddhist forms of “ethical advice”—instructions that address life’s problems and offer methods for alleviating them—are widespread in Buddhist literary history. This dissertation studies four such works, all written by the nineteenth-century Tibetan teacher Dza Patrul Rinpoche (Rdza dpal sprul O rgyan 'jigs med chos kyi dbang po, 1808-1877). I provide a rhetorical analysis of these compositions and endeavor to show how each aspires to reach outside of itself to act on its respective audience. The compositions do so, I argue, by deploying special literary devices that encourage their audiences to invest themselves, emotionally and imaginatively, in the practices of self-development that the works themselves advocate. The aim of the project is to use Patrul’s writing as a case study to suggest modes of analysis that can offer us insight into the ways in which specially designed modes of writing enable moral self-cultivation. The dissertation specifically addresses the relationship between the recurring themes of singularity, performativity and reflexivity as they appear in Patrul’s advice writings. I argue that these compositions employ discursive devices that play on their audience’s feelings and expectations, aspiring to generate affective responses that range from utter hopelessness to profound relief. They employ expositional strategies designed to compel their audiences to imagine familiar practices anew. Finally, their performative character calls attention to the status of Patrul, the model author, as a singularly capable and skillful teacher. The reflexive nature of Patrul’s works thereby serves to provoke the implied audience’s imagination about “Patrul” the heroically talented teacher. These self-reflexive writings also act as devices for Patrul’s own self-transformation. They are sites of imagination, opportunities for Patrul to enact a self-creation via the medium of advice writing. Patrul’s compositions not only aspire to work on their audience. They, in and of themselves, constitute transformative work for Patrul.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Su1573 Modulation of Vitamin D Signaling Regulates Human Cholangiocarcinoma Growth

cytokine (ADK) levels and important clinical outcomes.Methods: 75 patients with chronic HCV were genotyped with Taqman primers for rs12979860 (CC, CT and TT) genotype.Patients underwent extensive ADK profiling using chemiluminesence antibody assays on micro-titer plates.ADK distributions between IL28B genotype and clinical phenotypes were compared using the Mann-Whitney-U test.Logistic regression directly tested association with SVR in treated patients, and the presence of hepatic steatosis (any, (>2% hepatocytes with steatosis) or significant steatosis, (>30%).Area under receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was conducted for SVR in G1/4 patients only.Results: The cohort consisted of 53 males/22 females with an IL28B genotype frequency of CC:30; CT:34; TT:11.Mean BMI was 28 mg/kg2.Average age was 50 years.HCV genotype distribution was G1:41, G2:14, G3:16, G4:2,untyped:2; 57% G1/4.A minority of patients underwent interferon-based regimens for HCV (n=33, SVR=9/33).Adipokines differing by IL28B genotype included IL-12p70 (P=0.012),IL-1b (P=0.009),IL-2 (P=0.017),IL-6 (P=0.009) and CXCL9 (P=0.005)-ADKsinvolved in cell-mediated immune response.IP-10 and IFNa levels were not significantly different by Il28B, but correlated to each other (R=-0.23,P=0.046).No candidate ADKs implicated in fibrogenesis or adipogenesis significantly differed by IL28B genotype.No ADKs were associated with steatosis.When restricted to HCV G1/4 sub-analysis, significant IL28B-based differences in ADKs included IL-12p40 (P=0.013),IL-6 (P=0.006) and CXCL9 (P=0.005) but none differed in HCV G2/3 sub-analysis.Only MMP-1 significantly differed between HCV genotypes (HCV G1/4 vs 2/3, P=0.001).Comparison of ADK distributions in treated patients, showed significant differences in SVR vs non-SVR for CXCL9 (P= 0.003), ICAM (P=0.002), and IP-10 (P=0.002).Testing of these variables' association with SVR on univariate logistic regression demonstrated: IP-10 (P=0.014);ICAM P=0.021); CXCL9 (P=0.017), but none significant on multivariate regression.Individual ROCs for non-SVR in G1/4 patients (n=14) for ADKs as continuous are shown in Figure .Conclusion: Selected cytokines related to immune response differ by IL28B genotype.CXCL9 and IP10 demonstrated better predictive utility for SVR than IL28B and warrant further verification in larger cohorts receving IFN-based therapies.

Topic: Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementing Neural Network-Based Equalizers in a Coherent Optical Transmission System Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

&lt;p&gt;In this work, we demonstrate the offline FPGA realization of both recurrent and feedforward neural network (NN)-based equalizers for nonlinearity compensation in coherent optical transmission systems. First, we present a realization pipeline showing the conversion of the models from Python libraries to the FPGA chip synthesis and implementation. Then, we review the main alternatives for the hardware implementation of nonlinear activation functions. The main results are divided into three parts: a performance comparison, an analysis of how activation functions are implemented, and a report on the complexity of the hardware. The performance in Q-factor is presented for the cases of bidirectional long-short-term memory coupled with convolutional NN (biLSTM + CNN) equalizer, CNN equalizer, and standard 1-StpS digital back-propagation (DBP) for the simulation and experiment propagation of a single channel dual-polarization (SC-DP) 16QAM at 34 GBd along 17 &times; 70 km of LEAF. The biLSTM+CNN equalizer provides a similar result to DBP and a 1.7 dB Q-factor gain compared with the chromatic dispersion compensation baseline in the experimental dataset. After that, we assess the Q-factor and the impact of hardware utilization when approximating the activation functions of NN using Taylor series, piecewise linear, and look-up table (LUT) approximations. We also show how to mitigate the approximation errors with extra training and provide some insights into possible gradient problems in the LUT approximation. Finally, to evaluate the complexity of hardware implementation to achieve 200G and 400G throughput, fixed-point NN-based equalizers with approximated activation functions are developed and implemented in an FPGA.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
W1–W4 GEMS: a web server for biclustering analysis of expression data

The advent of microarray technology has revolutionized the search for genes that are differentially expressed across a range of cell types or experimental conditions. Traditional clustering methods, such as hierarchical clustering, are often difficult to deploy effectively since genes rarely exhibit similar expression pattern across a wide range of conditions. Biclustering of gene expression data (also called co-clustering or two-way clustering) is a non-trivial but promising methodology for the identification of gene groups that show a coherent expression profile across a subset of conditions. Thus, biclustering is a natural methodology as a screen for genes that are functionally related, participate in the same pathways, affected by the same drug or pathological condition, or genes that form modules that are potentially coregulated by a small group of transcription factors. We have developed a web-enabled service called GEMS (Gene Expression Mining Server) for biclustering microarray data. Users may upload expression data and specify a set of criteria. GEMS then performs bicluster mining based on a Gibbs sampling paradigm. The web server provides a flexible and an useful platform for the discovery of co-expressed and potentially co-regulated gene modules. GEMS is an open source software and is available at

Topic: Gene expression and cancer classification
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Corpora in Translation

Corpus resources and tools have come to play an increasingly important role both in Translation Studies research and in translation practices. In Translation Studies, corpora have provided a basis for empirical descriptive research. Corpus-based studies usually involves the comparison of two (sub) corpora, in which translated texts are compared with either their source texts (parallel corpus) or with another (sub)corpus constructed according to similar design criteria (comparable corpus), either in the same or in another language. These corpora are used to investigate regularities of translated texts, regularities of translators and regularities of languages. Regularities of translation may consist either of universal features which are hypothesised to be distinctive of translated texts as opposed to non-translated texts, or of translation norms and strategies which characterise texts translated under specific social and historical circumstances. Regularities of translators are individual linguistic habits manifested through consistently different (unconscious) patterns of choices, independently of the source texts. Parallel corpora are used, together with bilingual or multilingual comparable corpora, to compare and contrast regularities of languages. Bilingual and multilingual corpora have also found application in translator education. Parallel corpora offer learners a repository of translators' strategies and choices, while comparable corpora provide them with a mapping of the words and structures employed by different linguistic communities for building discourse.

Topic: Translation Studies and Practices
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Reforming European Welfare States: Germany and the United Kingdom Compared

Reforming European Welfare States: Germany and the United Kingdom Compared. By Jochen Clasen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 264p. $90.00. This book traces welfare policy developments in Germany and the United Kingdom from the late 1970s to 2003. Focusing on three policy dimensions—unemployment policy, public pension policy, and family policy—Jochen Clasen seeks to understand the scope, nature, and timing of welfare reform. To his credit, the author avoids the usual trap of characterizing welfare reform exclusively in terms of retrenchment. Recognizing the complex nature of shifts in social policy over time, his work details and explains patterns of retrenchment, restructuring, and expansion. To understand the pathways of policy transformation, he considers three types of explanatory factors: party politics (mainly actors' preferences), contextual conditions (such as major events and social trends), and institutional parameters (including legal constraints, existing policy programs, and the characteristics of political economy structures). He also considers the relationships among these causal forces.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microscale Biosensor Array Based on Flexible Polymeric Platform toward Lab-on-a-Needle: Real-Time Multiparameter Biomedical Assays on Curved Needle Surfaces

In vivo sensing of various physical/chemical parameters is gaining increased attention for early prediction and management of various diseases. However, there are major limitations on the fabrication method of multiparameter needle-based in vivo sensing devices, particularly concerning the uniformity between sensors. To address these challenges, we developed a microscale biosensor array for the measurement of electrical conductivity, pH, glucose, and lactate concentrations on a flexible polymeric polyimide platform with electrodeposited electrochemically active layers. The biosensor array was then transferred to a medical needle toward multiparametric in vivo sensing. The flexibility of the sensor platform allowed an easy integration to the curved surface (φ = 1.2 mm) of the needle. Furthermore, the electrodeposition process was used to localize various active materials for corresponding electrochemical sensors on the microscale electrodes with a high precision (patterning area = 150 μm × 2 mm). The biosensor array-modified needle was aimed to discriminate cancer from normal tissues by providing real-time discrimination of glucose, lactate concentration, pH, and electrical conductivity changes associated with the cancer-specific metabolic processes. The sensor performance was thus evaluated using solution samples, covering the physiological concentrations for cancer discrimination. Finally, the possibility of in vivo electrochemical biosensing during needle insertion was confirmed by utilizing the needle in a hydrogel phantom that mimicked the normal and cancer microenvironments.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Subfield: Bioengineering
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
RESULTS OF CROSSBREEDING OF AYRSHIRE CATTLE

The dynamics of growth and development of crossbred heifers obtained from bulls of Montbeliarde and Norwegian Red breeds, in comparison with purebred Ayrshire, have been studied. The highest influence of the father's breed on the bodyweight of daughters was found at 18 months of age (29.7%). Heifers were born as a result of crossing the Ayrshire breed with the Montbeliarde breed and had a higher body weight compared to the daughters of the Ayrshire bulls. The daughters of Montbeliarde bulls at 3 months weighed 2.9 kg more, at 6 months - by 4.0, at 9 months - by 6.3, at 12 months - by 20.1, in 15 months - by 41.3 and at 18 months by 49.8 kg (p &lt;0.001). Heifers obtained as a result of crossing Ayrshires with a Norwegian Red breed were distinguished by even greater body weight than purebred Ayrshire. The advantage in body weight was: at 3 months of age 7.6 kg, at 6 months - 19.5, at 9 months - 38.9, at 12 months - 56.3, at 15 months - 70.1 and at 18 months - 70.9 kg. By the age of 9 months, the average daily gains of heifers obtained from Montbeliarde bulls were almost the same. During the period from 9 to 18 months, the daughters of Montbeliarde bulls prevailed over their peers in this indicator by 85-217 g (P &lt;0.001), and daughters bulls of the Norwegian Red breed in the period from birth to 15 months of age - by 82-216 g (p &lt;0.00). The average daily gain from birth to fruitful fertilization in purebred animals was 711 ± 5.4 g, in daughters of Montbeliarde bulls 799 ± 28.9 g, and in descendants of Norwegian Red bulls - 874 ± 12.1 (p &lt;0.001). The age of first fertilization in purebred Ayrshire animals was 18.9 months, in the daughters of the Montbeliarde bulls - 17.0 months, and in the descendants of Norwegian Red bulls - 14.7 months. The age of first calving, respectively: 27.8 months, 25.8 months, and 23.7 months. The daughters of the Montbeliarde breed bulls at different ages had a greater survival rate by 7.3-10.1%, and the descendants of the Norwegian Red bulls by 3.7-9.2% compared to purebred Ayrshire (p&gt;0.1). The dairy strength was better expressed in the first-calf heifers of the Ayrshire breed in comparison with the crossbred animals, and the corpus and udder - in the daughters of the Norwegian Red bulls.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Numerical modeling of atomistic‐to‐continuum coupling based on bridging domain method

Abstract Nano‐submodeling is an approach that enables insertion of nano‐refined submodel (atomistic) in the global model (continuum). In this work analysis of the spurious effects that may arise in the concurrent atomistic‐to‐continuum coupling is performed. The coupling is based on the overlapping domain decomposition (ODD) method called bridging domain [1, 2] (similar is Arlequin [3] method) where different models are overlapped and the displacements compatibility is enforced via Lagrange multipliers (LM). Some coupling options such as energy weighting, coupling zone geometry and LM field interpolation are tested. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Topic: Numerical methods in engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Distant Heritage

Historians often rely on a handful of unusual cases to illustrate the absence of free speech in the colonies—such as that of Richard Barnes, who had his arms broken and a hole bored through his tongue for seditious words against the governor of Virginia. In this definitive and accessible work, Larry Eldridge convincingly debunks this view by revealing surprising evidence of free speech in early America. Using the court records of every American colony that existed before 1700 and an analysis of over 1,200 seditious speech cases sifted from those records, A Distant Heritage shows how colonists experienced a dramatic expansion during the seventeenth century of their freedom to criticize government and its officials. Exploring important changes in the roles of juries and appeals, the nature of prosecution and punishment, and the pattern of growing leniency, Eldridge also shows us why this expansion occurred when it did. He concludes that the ironic combination of tumult and destabilization on the one hand, and steady growth and development on the other, made colonists more willing to criticize authority openly and officials less able to prevent it. That, in turn, established a foundation for the more celebrated flowering of colonial dissent against English authority in the eighteenth century. Steeped in primary sources and richly narrated, this is an invaluable addition to the library of anyone interested in legal history, colonial America, or the birth of free speech in the United States.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Considerations when investigating IncRNA function in vivo

Although a small number of the vast array of animal long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) have known effects on cellular processes examined in vitro, the extent of their contributions to normal cell processes throughout development, differentiation and disease for the most part remains less clear. Phenotypes arising from deletion of an entire genomic locus cannot be unequivocally attributed either to the loss of the IncRNA per se or to the associated loss of other overlapping DNA regulatory elements. The distinction between cis- or trans-effects is also often problematic. We discuss the advantages and challenges associated with the current techniques for studying the in vivo function of IncRNAs in the light of different models of IncRNA molecular mechanism, and reflect on the design of experiments to mutate IncRNA loci. These considerations should assist in the further investigation of these transcriptional products of the genome.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 1 of HTA decision-making for drugs for rare diseases: comparison of processes across countries

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. PRISMA Flowchart. Table S1. Summary of processes for making reimbursement and pricing decisions on DRD in included jurisdictions. Table S2: Summary of opportunities for patient input across jurisdictions. Table S3: Summary of approaches to clinician input across jurisdictions.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Advancing Knowledge about Motivations for Criminal Offending

A consolidated list of offender motivations for criminal offending was created to determine the relevance of individual motivations for youth and adult crimes, and across a range of offending categories. Adult male inmates (N= 136) rated the relevance of each of 17 motivations to official conviction records and other clinical-risk measures. Results showed that most inmates committed crimes to experience pleasure, sensation seeking, or to escape reality. Adult sex offenders identified sexual motives, whereas non-sex offenders endorsed substance use, social influence, and utilitarian motives. Findings are discussed with respect to evidence-based correctional research and practice.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences