jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wine, markups, and export behavior: Evidence from Hungary

Abstract The study examines the influence of markups on the export decisions and subsequent export intensity of firms within the Hungarian wine sector. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of entering and sustaining a presence in export markets on firms’ markups and compare the markup levels between exporting and non-exporting firms. We find that markups have a positive impact on both the probability of exporting and the export intensity, which aligns with previous findings. We demonstrate that exporting leads to an increase in markups. We find that exporters maintain higher markups even when accounting for productivity differences. Additionally, exporting can lead to higher markups because of the learning-by-exporting phenomenon. The results have significant implications. The findings imply that markups have a significant impact on the decision-making process and performance of Hungarian wine exports. Policymakers should facilitate to increase the markups of firms in order to enhance the export of wine and promote economic growth. Wine exporting firms should enhance their productivity and implement strategic pricing strategies to increase their markups and expand their exports.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 2023786: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Practical Guide to the Use of Mirikizumab

1Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; 2University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; 3Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Correspondence: Edward L. Barnes, MD, MPH. E-mail: [email protected].

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the lung imitating clinical features of pulmonary histiocytosis X.

A young male who was a heavy smoker presented with spontaneous right pneumothorax. A high resolution computed tomography scan showed disseminated nodules up to 1 cm in diameter; the greatest majority of which were sited in the centrilobular zone, though some abutted on the pleural surface. Surgical lung biopsies allowed a diagnosis of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. The neoplastic tissue infiltrated the wall of bronchioles, partially obliterating them and the visceral pleura. These two histological aspects could be considered as concomitant mechanisms for the appearance of spontaneous pneumothorax. Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma should be added to the list of lung diseases in young heavy smokers that can begin with a spontaneous pneumothorax.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Superresolution of Ultrasound Images Using the First and Second Harmonic Signal

This paper presents a new method of blind two-dimensional (2-D) homomorphic deconvolution and speckle reduction applied to medical ultrasound images. The deconvolution technique is based on an improved 2-D phase unwrapping scheme for pulse estimation. The input images are decomposed into minimum-phase and allpass components. The 2-D phase unwrapping is applied only to the allpass component. The 2-D phase of the minimum-phase component is derived by a Hilbert transform. The accuracy of 2-D phase unwrapping is also improved by processing small (16/spl times/16 pixels) overlapping subimages separately. This takes the spatial variance of the ultrasound pulse into account. The deconvolution algorithm is applied separately to the first and second harmonic images, producing much sharper images of approximately the same resolution and different speckle patterns. Speckle reduction is made by adding the envelope images of the deconvolved first and second harmonic images. Neither the spatial resolution nor the frame rate decreases, as the common compounding speckle reduction techniques do. The method is tested on sequences of clinical ultrasound images, resulting in high-resolution ultrasound images with reduced speckle noise.

Topic: Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Epigenetic perspectives on development: Evolving insights on the origins of variation

Abstract The articles in this special section of Developmental Psychobiology explore topics discussed at the 24th Annual Winter Conference on Current Issues in Developmental Psychobiology held in January 2009 in St. Croix. The final session of the meeting: “Epigenetics and Behavioral Development Within and Across Generations” included discussion of several emerging issues relevant to the study of individual differences, parental influences on development, and the stability versus plasticity of the underlying mechanisms involved in behavioral variation. The contributions to this special section highlight the importance of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression to the field of developmental psychobiology and the critical role of these molecular mechanisms in mediating the interplay between genes and the environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: e1–e3, 2010.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Persistence of Colitis in Hirschsprungʼs Disease

Enterocolitis, which is associated frequently with Hirschsprung's disease in the neonatal period, can be prolonged. Recurrence of symptoms has been reported even after surgical correction. We present a neonate with Hirschsprung's disease who developed enterocolitis, and in whom evidence of acute large bowel inflammation persisted until she was 16 months of age.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Couple therapy: An integration of object relations and intersubjective theory

Abstract In this paper, a detailed clinical example of a couple therapy highlights how the integration of object relational and intersubjective theory is beneficial for the growth of the couple system. Theory based on Benjamin's (1992) formulation of “where objects were, subjects must be” (p. 44) frame the intersubjective treatment techniques reported here. In addition, a case example demonstrates how a couple began to manage the difficult challenge of maintaining autonomy (individuality) while being emotionally connected in the relationship. The paper demonstrates how projective identification patterns in the couple system give way to mutuality for the individuals in the partnership.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Tapetal Effect of an Azalide Antibiotic Following Oral Administration in Beagle Dogs

Journal Article Tapetal Effect of an Azalide Antibiotic Following Oral Administration in Beagle Dogs Get access J. H. FORTNER, J. H. FORTNER Drug Safety Evaluation, Pfizer IncGroton, Connecticut 06340 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. B. MILLISEN, W. B. MILLISEN Drug Safety Evaluation, Pfizer IncGroton, Connecticut 06340 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. R. LUNDEEN, G. R. LUNDEEN Drug Safety Evaluation, Pfizer IncGroton, Connecticut 06340 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. B. JAKOWSKI, A. B. JAKOWSKI Drug Safety Evaluation, Pfizer IncGroton, Connecticut 06340 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. M. MARSH P. M. MARSH Drug Safety Evaluation, Pfizer IncGroton, Connecticut 06340 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toxicological Sciences, Volume 21, Issue 2, August 1993, Pages 164–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/21.2.164 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 30 December 1992 Accepted: 23 April 1993 Published: 01 August 1993

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fungal infection and occurence of zearalenone in barley harvested in 2003 in Serbia

Mycological investigation in 11 winter barley samples was performed. All of barley samples were infected with moulds. The ratio of infected kernels varied from 11.7% (sample SSK8) to 13.0% (sample SSK9) after 14 days of incubation. The fungi were isolated from kernels and they were classified into 6 genera and 11 species. Genus Fusarium was presented with the highest number of species (5). F.poae, a toxigenic species of the genus Fusarium, was present in all samples tested. The highest ratio (about 66%) of all mycopopulations belonged to genus Alternaria spp. All barley samples contained zearalenone, but the concentration was low (from 5.2 to 52.0 mg kg–1).

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Werneria submontana: Mark-Oliver Rödel, Andreas Schmitz

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic progress in 53 years of the Peach Breeding Program of Embrapa: Fresh market cultivars

Abstract A peach breeding program started in 1963, at the Experiment Station of Pelotas, nowadays Embrapa Clima Temperado, whose primary aim was developing cultivars adapted to mild winter conditions. Its first priority was to obtain cultivars of canning type fruits, and over the years, the fresh market cultivars acquired equal importance. This article analyzes the data of 84 fresh market cultivars, obtained in Pelotas, from 1964 to 2017, focusing on the following parameters: time of ripening, fruit development period, average fruit mass, number of fruits per tree, productivity per plant and total soluble solids. First, the data were tabulated, divided into two periods (1964-1984 and 1985-2017), and the descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by an analysis via mixed models and estimates of genetic progress via meta-analysis. The main results revealed a reduced fruit development period of the fresh market peaches belonging to that program. It was also observed a significant spread of the time of ripening (end of September or beginning of October until January), with a slight tendency for earliness. Genetic gain was observed for yield corresponding to 1.17 and 2.25% per year, for 1964-1984 and 1985-2017, respectively.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Latinos and Middle Eastern Americans: Work Discrimination

This issue brief demonstrates how both Latinos and Middle Eastern Americans suffer from discrimination in the workplace. It highlights the issue that affirmative action is evidently not doing enough for the minority groups it is meant to affect, and should be applied to Middle Eastern Americans, many of whom are Muslim and thus suffer from work discrimination on the basis of their religion, too.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chromosome‐scale assembly and whole‐genome sequencing of 266 giant panda roundworms provide insights into their evolution, adaptation and potential drug targets

Abstract Helminth diseases have long been a threat to the health of humans and animals. Roundworms are important organisms for studying parasitic mechanisms, disease transmission and prevention. The study of parasites in the giant panda is of importance for understanding how roundworms adapt to the host. Here, we report a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome of Baylisascaris schroederi with a genome size of 253.60 Mb and 19,262 predicted protein‐coding genes. We found that gene families related to epidermal chitin synthesis and environmental information processes in the roundworm genome have expanded significantly. Furthermore, we demonstrated unique genes involved in essential amino acid metabolism in the B. schroederi genome, inferred to be essential for the adaptation to the giant panda‐specific diet. In addition, under different deworming pressures, we found that four resistance‐related genes ( glc ‐ 1 , nrf ‐ 6 , bre ‐ 4 and ced ‐ 7 ) were under strong positive selection in a captive population. Finally, 23 known drug targets and 47 potential drug target proteins were identified. The genome provides a unique reference for inferring the early evolution of roundworms and their adaptation to the host. Population genetic analysis and drug sensitivity prediction provide insights revealing the impact of deworming history on population genetic structure of importance for disease prevention.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Basic Principle and the Breaking Characteristics of the Composite Resistance Commutatiion Type DC Load Breaker

For the faults such as the grounding of DC transmission lines, the capability of DC breaker is only to be able to interrupt a load current because of the control functions of converter. So a simple interrupting system of DC load current is proposed here by making use of the composite resistance commutating system with three parallel circuits consisting of, a normally current passing electrode, a high voltage generating fusing element, and an energy dissipating non-linear resistance. This load breaker has suitable performance for high voltage interruption by using a multi-stage fusing element. For high current interruption a set of a gap in series to the fusing element is recommended.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuroinfectious Diseases

Bacterial meningitis causes acute inflammation of the leptomeninges, with an onset of signs and symptoms over the course of hours to days. The median duration of symptoms at the time of clinical presentation is only 24 hours, and tends to not be greater than 2 weeks, even with subacute pathogens. Acute inflammation of the leptomeninges with purulent exudates is seen grossly and on microscopic examination of tissue specimens. The classic signs and symptoms of acute bacterial meningitis are fever, nuchal rigidity, altered mental status, and headache. Fever is present in 95% of patients at the time of presentation. The microbiology of bacterial brain abscesses, while often mixed, is fairly predictable based on the likely source of infection. Most of the presenting clinical features of brain abscess result from the space-occupying lesion itself, and the specific signs and symptoms are a manifestation of the size and location of the abscess as well as the virulence of the pathogens involved.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization and Screening of Cycloartane and Flavonoid Glycosides from Stem-Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens by Using HPLC-UV-ESI-MS and MS-MS Fingerprint Analysis

Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. BR. (Family Fabaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant from South Africa. It is traditionally used for stomach problems, internal cancers, diabetes, inflammatory conditions and recently to improve the overall health in cancer and HIV/AIDS patients [1,2]. LC-ESI-MSD-TOF and ESI-MS-MS analysis were performed on cycloartane and flavonoid glycosides employing two mass spectrometers equipped with ion-trap and TOF analyzers. The data illustrates the ability of the ESI techniques in the identification of cycloartane and flavonoid glycosides, including the nature of parent compound, the number of sugar residues and the type of saccharide moiety. The preliminary analytical results showed that numerous compounds have not been investigated yet. Additionally, screening and structural characterization offered more information about the chemical constitutions of Sutherlandia frutescens. About 55 compounds were screened using the ESI-TOF method, the major base peak ions generated by cycloartane glycosides are m/z 435, 437, and 439 [M+H-sugar-3 H2O]+ and flavonoid glycosides at m/z 287, and 303, respectively. Sutherlandioside B was found to be the major compound among the analyzed glycosides. Fragments detected in the LC-ESI-TOF spectra of plant sample of S. frutescens and the dietary supplement are m/z 653.42 [M+H]+, 491.37 [M+H-sugar]+, 473.36 [M+H-sugar-H2O]+, 455.35 [M+H-sugar-2 H2O]+, 437.34 [M+H-sugar-3 H2O]+. In the MS-MS spectra, fragmentation reactions of the [M+Na]+ were recorded to provide structural information about the glycosyl and aglycone moieties.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of the ocean in climate changes

The present program aimed at the study of ocean climate change is prepared by a group of scientists from State Oceanographic Institute, Academy of Science of Russia, Academy of Science of Ukraine and Moscow State University. It appears to be a natural evolution of ideas and achievements that have been developed under national and international ocean research projects such as SECTIONS, WOCE, TOGA, JGOFS and others. The two primary goals are set in the program ROCC. (1) Quantitative description of the global interoceanic 'conveyor' and it's role in formation of the large scale anomalies in the North Atlantic. The objectives on the way to this goal are: to get the reliable estimates of year-to-year variations of heat and water exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and the atmosphere; to establish and understand the physics of long period variations in meridianal heat and fresh water transport (MHT and MFWT) in the Atlantic Ocean; to analyze the general mechanisms, that form the MHT and MFWT in low latitudes (Ekman flux), middle latitudes (western boundary currents) and high latitudes (deep convection) of the North Atlantic; to establish and to give quantitative description of the realization of global changes in SST, surface salinity, sea level and sea ice data. (2) Development of the observational system pointed at tracing the climate changes in the North Atlantic. This goal merges the following objectives: to find the proper sites that form the inter annual variations of MHT; to study the deep circulation in the 'key' points; to develop the circulation models reflecting the principle features of interoceanic circulation; and to define global and local response of the atmosphere circulation to large scale processes in the Atlantic Ocean.

Topic: Marine and environmental studies
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 658304: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ophthalmology.

It is estimated that 49% to 74% of cases of contact lens-associated ulcerative keratitis could be prevented by eliminating overnight wear. Heavy alcohol consumption appears to be associated with all types of cataracts. Cigarette smokers have a nearly threefold greater risk of developing age-related macular degeneration than nonsmokers.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
About porosity of some Świątkowski functions in the space of quasi-continuous functions

In the paper by M. Filipczak, G. Ivanova and J. Wódka, Comparison of some families of real functions in porosity terms, Math. Slovaca 67(5) (2017), 1155–1164, it was proved that the family of quasi-continuous Świątkowski functions is porous but not strongly porous in the space of quasi-continuous functions. We improved this result. We found the unique number q = 2/3 such that the family of quasi-continuous Świątkowski functions is lower q-porous in this space.

Topic: Advanced Banach Space Theory
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polyphenol Rich Sugarcane Extract Reduces Body Weight in C57/BL6J Mice Fed a High Fat, High Carbohydrate Diet

Background: Energy-dense diets have been implicated as a driving force in the global obesity crisis. Sucrose derived from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) is a carbohydrate source at the centre of this discussion. However, sugar cane is a complex plant containing a wide variety of phytochemicals that may have anti-obesity properties. The objective of this study was to assess if polyphenols extracted from sugar cane were capable of mitigating the progression of diet-induced obesity. Methods: Forty-five male, six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into groups of 15 and fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with 0%, 2% or 4% polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract (PRSE) for twelve weeks. Body weight, food intake, water intake and faecal content were measured in addition to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the mice. Gene expression was also assessed for a range of key metabolic pathways in both blood and tissue samples in order to determine PRSE’s potential mechanisms of action. Data was analysed using ANOVA and post-hoc statistical methods. Results: Mice fed 4% PRSE were found to have a significantly lower overall bodyweight and adipose tissue accumulation compared to control (0%). This finding was supported by a reduced plasma leptin concentration and an increased excretion of carbohydrates. Upregulated gene transcriptions of adiponectin, PPARγ, PPARα, UCP2 and fatty acid synthase mRNAs were also observed. Conclusions: These results indicate that reduced carbohydrate absorption is the primary mechanism leading to the reduction of body weight in mice fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. This is predominately supported by the detection of increased carbohydrate concentration in the faeces of mice that lost weight. Other potential mechanisms, such as feed intake and energy expenditure, did not show significant differences between groups and are less likely to be involved.

Topic: Chromatography in Natural Products
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences