jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Experiences and Perceptions of Family Physicians on Continuing Medical Education and the Effect on Daily Clinical Practice

Introduction: To increase, develop or maintain the knowledge and skills; to update the medical approaches necessary for providing an effective healthcare service are aimed through continuing medical education(CME) activities.In this study,we evaluated the factors influencing attendance to CME activities along with the experiences in CME and perceptions of family physicians about the effect of CME on their routine clinical practice. Methods:A questionnaire developed by the researchers was implemented to family physicians during 3 Family Medicine CME activities held in consecutive 6 months.The questionnaire composed of multiple-choice,open-ended,Likert-type questions about sociodemographic characteristics, professional experience concerning CME. An index about perceptions of participants about the effect of CME activities on their daily clinical practice was developed and a score ≥ 20 points was considered as “positive index score”. Results: A total of 247 family physicians, consisting of 112 family medicine residents, 106 specialists and 29 general practitioners,participated in the study.The most frequently mentioned barriers to participate in CME activities were economic reasons and time constraints.Residents stated that CME was useful in the recognition of new medications (p=0.006).General practitioners reported that CME had more impact in early diagnosis and treatment(p=0.0001). There was no difference between the reports of all groups on effects of CME on chronic disease follow-up(p=0.078).Participants who had scores ≥20,which revealed a positive perception on the impact of CME activities on their daily clinical practice were 71%. Conclusions: Our study participant pyhsicians think that scientific activities and meetings improve their daily clinical practice. Time constraint and economic reasons were reported highly as barriers for attendance to CME. “Perceived impact of CME activities on daily clinical practice index” may be used for evaluation in different groups of participants and meetings with variable themes.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Approximate Analytical Model for a First Level Package With Non-Uniformly Powered Die

Microprocessors continue to grow in capabilities, complexity and performance. Microprocessors typically integrate functional components such as logic and level two (L2) cache memory in their architecture. This functional integration of logic and memory results in improved performance of the microprocessor as the clock speed increases and the instruction execution time has decreased. However, the integration also introduces a layer of complexity to the thermal design and management of microprocessors. As a direct result of function integration, the power map on a microprocessor is typically highly non-uniform and the assumption of a uniform heat flux across the chip surface is not valid. The active side of the die is divided into several functional blocks with distinct power assigned to each functional block. Previous work [1,2] has been done to minimize the thermal resistance of the package by optimizing the distribution of the non-uniform powered functional blocks with different power matrices. This study further gives design guideline and key pointers to minimized thermal resistance for any number of functional blocks for a given non-uniformly powered microprocessor. In this paper, initially (Part I) temperature distribution of a typical package consisting of a uniformly powered die, heat spreader, TIM 1 &amp; 2 and the base of the heat sink is calculated using an approximate analytical model. The results are then compared with a detailed numerical model and the agreement is within 5%. This study follows (Part II) with a thermal investigation of non-uniform powered functional blocks with a different power matrices with focus on distribution of power over die surface with an application of maximum, minimum and average uniform junction temperature over a given die area. This will help to predict the trend of the calculated distribution of power that will lead to the least thermal gradient over a given die area. This trend will further help to come up with design correlations for minimizing thermal resistance for any number of functional blocks for a given non-uniformly powered microprocessor numerically as well as analytically. The commercial finite element code ANSYS® is used for this analysis as a numerical tool.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Associations of Maternal Carbohydrate Intake During Pregnancy and Adolescent Adiposity and Metabolic Health

Maternal diet during gestation is known to affect offspring phenotypes. The majority of dietary studies in pregnancy look at restriction of protein or exposure to high fat diet. Few concentrate on the critical macronutrient for fetal growth: carbohydrates (CHO). This study analyses both human and animal data for evidence of developmental programming of adiposity and dysmetabolism in adolescent offspring. In 237 mother-child birth pairs in the human ELEMENT birth cohort, mother’s dietary carbohydrate intakes were assessed for association with child adiposity and metabolic health outcomes in peripuberty. Mothers with greater intakes of total and net CHO during pregnancy gave birth to children who had lower adiposity and lower metabolic risk during the peripubertal period. After accounting for maternal age, child age, sex, and pubertal status, children of women in the 4th vs 1st quartile of total CHO intake in the first trimester had a 0.12-unit lower BMIz score (95% CI -0.55, 0.31, p=0.10). Children of mothers in the 4th quartile of total CHO intake also had a 0.07 unit (95% CI 0.28, 0.13, p=0.13) lower metabolic risk z score in peripuberty. Measures of c-peptide followed a similar trend, such that the 4th quartile of total CHO intake in the first trimester was associated with a 0.31-unit lower c-peptide score (95% CI -0.72, 0.11, p=0.05) compared to those whose mothers were in the 1st quartile. These associations were not attributed to delivery method, child’s diet in peripuberty, or nutrient substitution with protein or fat. This was further modeled in animals by exposing pregnant mice to 10% sucrose water or tap water during gestation. Sucrose exposed dams gave birth to offspring who had greater fat mass than dams exposed to water. Female pups of sucrose-exposed dams also had less fat free mass and better insulin tolerance in young adulthood. The mechanism for these effects is yet to be elucidated, but is not attributable to maternal weight during pregnancy, offspring food intakes, or offspring feeding efficiency. Further is necessary to highlight the mechanisms underlying these divergent results to two model systems.

Topic: Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-catalyzed cleavage of the glycosidic bond of 5-halogenated uridines.

Because of previous data suggesting that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases make a transient Michael adduct with a specific uridine residue in the tRNA structure, (Schoemaker, H.J.P., and Schimmel, P.R. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5454-5460) attempts were made to find simple model systems in which this reaction might be studied in more detail. In the course of these investigations, it was found that Escherichia coli Ile-tRNA synthetase catalyzes cleavage of the glycosidic bond of 5-bromouridine. At pH 7.5, ambient temperatures, the turnover number is roughly 5/h. 5-Fluoro-, 5-chloro-, and 5-iodouridine are also cleaved in an analogous way by Ile-tRNA synthetase. In the case of uridine, conversion of uridine to uracil and ribose was also detected, but with a smaller turnover number. Three other E. coli and one mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were also examined and all were found to catalyze glycosidic bond cleavage of 5-bromouridine. The data indicate that, in general, synthetases have a catalytic center that shows an unusual reactivity for uridine.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Constant Overhead Entanglement Distillation via Scrambling

High-fidelity quantum entanglement enables key quantum networking capabilities such as secure communication and distributed quantum computing, but distributing entangled states through optical fibers is limited by noise and loss. Entanglement distillation protocols address this problem by extracting high-fidelity Bell pairs from multiple noisy ones. The primary objective is minimizing the resource overhead: the number of noisy input pairs needed to distill each high-fidelity output pair. While protocols achieving optimal overhead are known in theory, they often require complex decoding operations that make practical implementation challenging. We circumvent this challenge by introducing protocols that use quantum scrambling - the spreading of quantum information under chaotic dynamics - through random Clifford operations. Based on this scrambling mechanism, we design a distillation protocol that maintains asymptotically constant overhead, independent of the desired output error rate $\bar{\varepsilon}$, and can be implemented with shallow quantum circuits of depth $O(\operatorname{poly} \log \log \bar{\varepsilon}^{-1})$ and memory $O(\operatorname{poly} \log \bar{\varepsilon}^{-1})$. We show this protocol remains effective even with noisy quantum gates, making it suitable for near-term devices. Furthermore, by incorporating partial error correction, our protocol achieves state-of-the-art performance: starting with pairs of 10% initial infidelity, we require only 7 noisy inputs per output pair to distill a single Bell pair with infidelity $\bar{\varepsilon}=10^{-12}$, substantially outperforming existing schemes. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our protocols through applications to quantum repeater networks.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Price Analysis of Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) in Regional Markets of Central India: Katni and Dhamtari

Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) is a leguminous herb widely used in traditional medicine. Native to China and South Africa, it is prevalent in Indian semi-arid regions. The plant, cultivated in sub-tropical climates, yields seeds used for skin ailments. The study explores the wholesale market trends of Bakuchi in two regional markets Katni in Madhya Pradesh and Dhamtari in Chhattisgarh. Primary data from Market Information Service quarterly surveys and trader interviews were undertaken. The study reveals regional price variations. Statistical tools like linear regression, coefficient of variation, and annual changes delineate price movements and market-specific variations in Bakuchi prices. In 2010-2014, Katni averaged Rs. 3112/qtl (CV: 37.15%), and Dhamtari averaged Rs. 3832/qtl (CV: 27.35%). In 2015-2021, prices rose to Rs. 4830/qtl in Katni (CV: 23.87%) and Rs. 5246/qtl in Dhamtari (CV: 18.86%), with reduced variability. Katni experienced fluctuating prices, hitting a peak of Rs. 7250/qtl in 2021, while Dhamtari showed a consistent upward trend reaching Rs. 7160/qtl. Both regions experienced significant annual price fluctuations. This analysis serves valuable to assist stakeholders, traders and policy makers in understanding the economics, pricing patterns and market behaviour of Bakuchi trading.

Topic: Bioactive natural compounds
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preference, knowledge and utilization of midwives, childbirth education classes and doulas among U.S. black and white women: implications for pregnancy and childbirth outcomes

This secondary analysis explored preference, knowledge and utilization of midwifery care, childbirth education and doula care among 627 black and white women at three Midwestern U.S. health clinics. Women who were white, more educated, not living in a high crime neighborhood, and privately insured were more likely to attend childbirth classes. Sociodemographic factors that predicted having heard about doula care included being more educated and having a partner. None of the sociodemographic variables predicted midwifery care. Education about existing childbearing resources and availability of low-cost options should be expanded, particularly for black women and those with low resources.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multifunctional Viologen-Derived Supramolecular Network with Photo/Vapochromic and Proton Conduction Properties

A supramolecular network [H4bdcbpy(NO3)2·H2O] (H4bdcbpy = 1,1′-Bis(3,5-dicarboxybenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium) (1) was prepared by a zwitterionic viologen carboxylate ligand in hydrothermal synthesis conditions. The as-synthesized (1) has been well characterized by means of single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy. This compound possesses a three-dimensional supramolecular structure, formed by the hydrogen bond and π–π interaction between the organic ligands. This compound shows photochromic properties under UV light, as well as vapochromic behavior upon exposure to volatile amines and ammonia, in which the electron transfer from electron-rich parts to the electron-deficient viologen unit gives rise to colored radicals. Moreover, the intensive intermolecular H-bonding networks in 1 endows it with a proton conductivity of 1.06 × 10−3 S cm−1 in water at 90 °C.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Covert allusions to sexuality

Sexuality understood in terms of social identity and desire is commonly referred to in social contexts covertly. In particular implicature (suggesting one thing by saying something else / suggesting something without directly expressing it) is relied on by non‐heterosexuals to manage the display of their own identity (gay implicature) as well as by heterosexual people to allude to the sexual practices of others.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Higher prognostic value of soluble fibrin complexes than D-dimer and fibrin degradation product for disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with liver cirrhosis

Fibrin-related markers may help differentiate disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) from liver cirrhosis-associated dysfunctional coagulation. We investigated the significance of three fibrin-related markers [D-dimer, fibrin degradation product (FDP), and soluble fibrin complexes (sFC)] for the assessment of DIC status and prognosis. We classified 235 patients with suspected DIC into two groups according to their condition: the liver cirrhosis group (n = 47) and the no liver cirrhosis group (n = 188). Prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen, sFC, D-dimer, antithrombin, and protein C concentrations were measured and DIC scores were calculated using four parameters: platelet count, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and PT. In the liver cirrhosis group, the sFC concentration increased significantly in accordance with DIC score compared with the no liver cirrhosis group, and this increase was more prominent than D-dimer and FDP concentration increases. For the diagnosis of overt DIC in patients with liver cirrhosis, the area under the concentration curve (AUC) was larger for sFC (0.746) than for D-dimer (0.733) and FDP (0.687). Cox analysis also indicated that an elevated sFC concentration is a more significant prognostic factor of DIC than D-dimer or FDP (hazard ratio: 10.78; P = 0.036) in liver cirrhosis group; however, it was not a prognostic factor in the no liver cirrhosis group. sFC is a powerful diagnostic and prognostic marker of DIC in patient with liver cirrhosis. The use of sFC is expected to enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of DIC, particularly in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Topic: Liver Disease and Transplantation
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photosynthetic Acclimation to Fluctuating Irradiance in Plants

Unlike the short-term responses of photosynthesis to fluctuating irradiance, the long-term response (i.e., acclimation) at the chloroplast, leaf, and plant level has received less attention so far. The ability of plants to acclimate to irradiance fluctuations and the speed at which this acclimation occurs are potential limitations to plant growth under field conditions, and therefore this process deserves closer study. In the first section of this review, we look at the sources of natural irradiance fluctuations, their effects on short-term photosynthesis, and the interaction of these effects with circadian rhythms. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms that are involved in acclimation to fluctuating (or changes of) irradiance. We highlight the chain of events leading to acclimation: retrograde signaling, systemic acquired acclimation (SAA), gene transcription, and changes in protein abundance. We also review how fluctuating irradiance is applied in experiments and highlight the fact that they are significantly slower than natural fluctuations in the field, although the technology to achieve realistic fluctuations exists. Finally, we review published data on the effects of growing plants under fluctuating irradiance on different plant traits, across studies, spatial scales, and species. We show that, when plants are grown under fluctuating irradiance, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and plant biomass decrease, specific leaf area increases, and photosynthetic capacity as well as root/shoot ratio are, on average, unaffected.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Emergence of Zika Virus (ZiV): A Review

Zika virus (ZiV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (family Flaviviridae); Vector: aedes (ae. Aegypti, ae. Albopictus) also causes dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever. Bit by female mosquitoes mostly in daylight hour, associated with a neurological birth complication called Microcephaly, is the rapid spread of this virus across the globe. Researchers found that ZiV targets specialized stem cells that give rise to the neurons in the brain's outer layer, the cortex. First identify in rhesus monkey of Zika forest Uganda in April 1947, during the research on the yellow fever, Rockefeller foundation initiative. WHO declared the Zika outbreak to a 'Public health emergency of international concern' on January 2016. There are also high occurrences of outbreaks of Guillain- Barre Syndrome (GBS) associated with ZiV infections. Other neurological cases linked to ZiV infection include meningoencephalitis or acute myelitis. In 2007, first large outbreak of disease caused by Zika infection was reported from the island of YAP (Federated States of Micronesia). In July 2015, Brazil described an association between Zika and Guillain-Barre disorder. In Oct 2015, Brazil described an association between Zika and Microcephaly. Sexual transmission of Zika is also possible, blood transfusion can cause Zika.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclodecenone Derivatives from Siloxycyclopropanes.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Cyclopropane Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
MP1-02 ASSOCIATION OF GENETIC VARIANTS IN TELOMERE-RELATED GENES WITH PROSTATE CANCER RISK AND RECURRENCE

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Markers I1 Apr 2015MP1-02 ASSOCIATION OF GENETIC VARIANTS IN TELOMERE-RELATED GENES WITH PROSTATE CANCER RISK AND RECURRENCE Chengyuan Gu, Yao Zhu, and Dingwei Ye Chengyuan GuChengyuan Gu More articles by this author , Yao ZhuYao Zhu More articles by this author , and Dingwei YeDingwei Ye More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.165AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Telomere-related genes play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). It is unknown whether genetic variations in telomere-related genes are associated with development and progression in PCa patients. METHODS We evaluated six potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three key telomere-related genes in 1015 PCa cases and 1052 cancer-free controls and tested associations of these SNPs with risk of PCa. Among 426 PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), the prognostic significance of the studied SNPs on biochemical recurrence (BCR) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model. The relative telomere lengths (RTL) were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes using real-time PCR in RP patients. RESULTS We found that TEP1 rs1760904 variant was significantly associated with both decreased risk of PCa (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.91, P = 0.003) and longer RTL (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04-2.30, P = 0.031). A significant interaction of TEP1 rs1713418 with age in modifying the risk of PCa was observed (P = 0.005). After adjustment for clinicopathologic risk factors, the presence of heterozygotes or rare homozygotes of TEP1 rs1760904 and TNKS2 rs1539042 were associated with BCR after RP in our cohorts (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.81, P = 0.003 and HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.09-2.46, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that genetic variations in telomere-related genes may be helpful to predict for risk of PCa and biochemical recurrence after RP. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e1 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Chengyuan Gu More articles by this author Yao Zhu More articles by this author Dingwei Ye More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences