jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Mechanisms and Their Contingencies: PROCESS versus Structural Equation Modeling

Marketing, consumer, and organizational behavior researchers interested in studying the mechanisms by which effects operate and the conditions that enhance or inhibit such effects often rely on statistical mediation and conditional process analysis (also known as the analysis of “moderated mediation”). Model estimation is typically undertaken with ordinary least squares regression-based path analysis, such as implemented in the popular PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS ( Hayes, 2013 ), or using a structural equation modeling program. In this paper we answer a few frequently-asked questions about the difference between PROCESS and structural equation modeling and show by way of example that, for observed variable models, the choice of which to use is inconsequential, as the results are largely identical. We end by discussing considerations to ponder when making the choice between PROCESS and structural equation modeling.

Topic: Cognitive and psychological constructs research
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Sex offenders in community corrections : policy and practice in British Columbia

b . I b-The dramatic increase of sex offences in British Columbia threatens public safety. Heightened public pressure has been placed on corrections to develop effective management for sex offenders in the community. There are a few studies focusing on the effectiveness of community-based treatment initiatives. However, few d d i e s have examined the response of the community corrections in British Columbia to sex offenders. 1 This thesis explores the management policies and operational practices utilized for sex offenders on probation in British Columbia. A qualitative research method is used involving interviews with policy-makers in charge of sex offender policies and sex offender specialists (probation officers), as well as people who are working for victimsof-crime organizations and citizen groups in British Columbia. According to the findings, while in the 1980s sex offender supervision practices were developed based on the increased knowledge about sex offenders and treatment (i.e., the relapse prevention approach), in the. 1990s the sex offender policies in British Columbia were formulated to respond to the public's and victims' demands for increased community safety. Recently, the formalization of supervision and intrusion into the life of offenders have increased. Sex offender policies in British Columbia are implemented with more emphasis on the goals of offender control and public safety than on the goal of offender rehabilitation. These policies are based on the assumption that thcre is no cure e for sex offenders, but that such behaviour can be managed through efficient risk management in the community. However, some difficulties were pointed out with translating these policies into actions. Treatment opportunities were not provided for sex offenders as much as home visits and liaisons with the local police. There were few . networks for solving problems in the community. and for helping victims. Community members presented a variety of critical views of the sex offender poiicies and practices. The study concludes that the sex offender policies and practices in British C Columbia are based on the traditional offender-focused paradigm and function as a punitive approach against the backdrop of retributive political climates. Finally, the

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
In recurrent <i>C difficile</i> infection, oral FMT capsules have a pooled cure rate of 82% (low-quality evidence)

Du C, Luo Y, Walsh S, Grinspan A. <b>Oral fecal microbiota transplant capsules are safe and effective for recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</b> J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021;55:300-8. 33471490.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Species Profiles. Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest). Olympia Oyster

Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. They are designed to assist in environmental impact assessments. Olympia oysters initially spawn as males then alternate their functional genders. Spawning begins at 13-16 {degree}C and occurs from spring to fall. After a short planktonic stage, larvae attach to the substrate. Olympia oysters thrive at salinities of 25 ppt or above; they are killed by freezing temperatures. Olympia oysters once supported large sustenance and commercial fisheries. Olympia oysters have not returned to pre-exploitation population levels which declined because of pollution and loss of habitat. 32 refs., 2 figs.

Topic: Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structural basis for Ufm1 recognition by Uf<scp>SP</scp>

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐like proteins (Ubls) are involved in a variety of cellular functions, and dysfunction of these proteins often leads to disease, thus requiring the precise molecular recognition of the partner. Here, we report a structural basis for the recognition of Ufm1 by the Ufm1‐specific protease (Uf SP ), both from Caenorhabditis elegans . Ufm1 functions in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, cell cycle regulation, and dysfunctions of this protein can result in breast cancer and neurological disorders. The structure reveals that in addition to the extended β‐structure at the C‐terminus of c U fm1, the interactions made by the completely conserved residues in Ufm1 orthologs, Pro88‐Val92, corresponding to P6‐P2 positions from the cleavage site, seem to be important for the specific recognition of Ufm1 by c UfSP .

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Current Perspectives on the Etiology and Management of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children: A Review

Nocturnal enuresis (NE), or bed-wetting, is a common paediatric condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep in children aged five and older, impacting approximately 15-20% of children at this age and declining with maturation. NE's multifactorial etiology encompasses genetic, physiological, and psychological factors, which complicates its management. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on NE, examining its types, risk factors, pathophysiology, impact on quality of life, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options. Behavioral interventions, bed-wetting alarms, and pharmacotherapy, including desmopressin, are standard treatments, while combination therapies and personalized approaches show promising efficacy. Emerging treatments focusing on genetic and physiological insights highlight the potential for targeted management. Further research into the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, as well as the long-term effects of treatment modalities, is essential for reducing the social and psychological impact of NE and improving outcomes for affected children and their families.

Topic: Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Incidence and prevalence trends of HIV infection in intravenous drug users attending treatment centers in Milan and northern Italy, 1986-1990.

To assess the incidence and time trends of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and to evaluate the opportunities for prevention, we studied IVDUs recruited from 23 drug dependence treatment centers in Milan and Northern Italy. Participants were screened for HIV antibodies, and seronegative subjects were enrolled. A preventive intervention, based on counseling and HIV antibody testing, was done, and participants were invited to the centers for follow-up visits. We enrolled 1,532 subjects between 1 January 1987 and 31 October 1990, and we observed 901 subjects for an average of 15.9 months. Forty-one cases of HIV infection occurred, giving a seroconversion rate of 6.1% in 1987, 4.1% in 1988, 2.2% in 1989, and 1.6% in 1990. HIV prevalence decreased from 54% in 1986 to 49% in 1989. Incidence rates were higher in areas with high prevalence. During follow-up, 35 to 55% of the subjects stopped injecting heroin intravenously altogether, and those who did not stop decreased the frequency of syringe sharing. This is probably the reason for the decline in seroconversion rates, while the apparent decline in prevalence may be due to the entry of new seronegative individuals and/or to differential withdrawal of HIV-positive individuals from the IVDU population to the heterosexual (non-IVDU) population.

Topic: HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Composition, <i>in vitro</i> Cytotoxicity, Anti-mildew and Anti-wood-decay Fungal Activities of the Fruit Essential Oil of <i>Liquidambar formosana</i> from Taiwan

This study investigated the chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxicity, anti-mildew, and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the essential oil isolated from the fruit of Liquidambar formosana from Taiwan. The essential oil from the fresh fruit was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 45 compounds were identified, representing 98.5% of the essential oil. The main components identified were α-pinene (16.8%), β-caryophyllene (10.1%), τ-muurolol (8.3%), τ-cadinol (7.6%), β-pinene (6.7%), and sabinene (5.7%). The essential oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, and lung cancer cells. The active source compounds were β-caryophyllene, τ-cadinol, and τ-muurolol. The fruit essential oil was shown to have excellent anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities, the active compounds being evaluated as τ-cadinol and τ-muurolol.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development and psychopathology of children with the fetal alcohol syndrome.

Extended psychiatric and pediatric examinations were performed on patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A subgroup of these patients underwent psychological testing to measure intelligence, visual perception, and psycholinguistic abilities. Psychopathology was also studied in a matched control group. The investigation revealed a broad scale of developmental hazards and psychopathologic symptoms indicating the negative long-range effects of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. The extent of morphologic damage was found to be a good predictor of psychopathology and mental impairment. Social environment and socioeconomic status appear less important as predictors.

Topic: Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Non-communicable diseases: how can companion animals help in connection with coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes and depression?

This chapter summarizes evidence from the literature to demonstrate how companion animals (particularly dogs) might help to reduce the risk for obesity and non-communicable diseases such as heart diseases, depression and diabetes mellitus. It also explores current research on the potential use of dogs to detect medical problems in their owners.

Topic: Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 824230: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of the Roche MagNA Pure 96 nucleic acid extraction platform for the SPF10 line probe assay system

Abstract Objective To evaluate the MagNA Pure 96 (MP96) nucleic acid extraction system as an alternative for cervical specimen processing for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping detection by reverse hybridization line probe assay (LiPA-25), compared to the well-established extraction system MagNA Pure LC 2.0 (MPLC). Methods and results A total of 200 cervical samples preserved in ThinPrepCyt® solution were extracted by MP96 and MPLC, respectively, and then purified nucleic acids were amplified using the SPF10 PCR primer set. Amplification products were subjected to SPF10-DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) and LiPA-25. The concordance between different extraction methods in this study was reflected in the comparison of the results of the DEIA and LiPA-25. Agreement of HPV-positive results (DEIA) was 97.5% (Kappa = 0.932). Pair-wise analyses of either HPV grouping (any HPV genotypes, any high-risk HPV genotypes, any low-risk HPV genotypes, any nonavalent vaccine-targeted HPV, and any non-vaccine-targeted oncogenic HPV genotypes) identified &amp;gt;95% agreement (all Kappa &amp;gt; 0.900). For the two extraction methods, there was no statistical difference (chi-square test: P = 0.690) for single versus multiple genotypes, and concordant, compatible, and discordant genotypes were observed in 87.0%, 9.5%, and 3.5% of 200 samples, respectively. Conclusion HPV genotyping results of the MPLC system and the MP96 system showed a high degree of concordance. Combined with the advantages of high-throughput and anti-contamination of MP96, the MP96 extraction system could be more suitable for the testing of samples in future studies.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ophthalmometry without patient fixation.

Because of the asphericity of the cornea, proper ophthalmometry requires the visual axis of the eye, the optical axis of the ophthalmometer, and the corneal apex to be coincident. The animal subject and the human patient cannot always direct their visual axis to the axis of the instrument. This paper describes the attachment of a photographer's tripod pan arm to the Haag Streit ophthalmometer and the method devised, which allows accurate corneal curvature measurement in cases of nonfixating subjects.

Topic: Intraocular Surgery and Lenses
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Should Islamic Banking &amp; Financial Institutions go with General Data Protection Regulation Compliance?

The new European Union (EU) data protection law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)that is enforceable on all entities, within and outside the territory of European Union requires that follow entities dealing with private data of EU individuals should follow due procedures in regard to safe data handling and storage. This regulation is forcing all countries globally, including those in the Islamic countries to take special precautions. Islamic banks and financial institutions are key intermediaries fostering smooth foreign trade between Islamic and European countries. Lack of sufficiently strong data protection legislation in most of the Islamic countries is hampering conformity with GDPR. This leads to non-compliance and thereby paves way to heavy monetary penalties in the short-run and hurts business prospects with the European counties in the long-run, both of which are detrimental. This paper helps institutions in building frameworksby taking them through a series of compliance checks, build teamsto enforce standards, make knowledge repositories and to undertake necessary technical measures. Findings from this study can help Islamic companies in general and Islamic Banking &amp; Financial institutions in particular in meeting GDPR compliance.Finally, this paper makes some key recommendations to the Governments, Regulators, Financial Institutions, Organizations and Individuals so that they can become GDPR complaint.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Description of breast diseases of adolescent girls applied to breast office polyclinics

Maintaining of the children and adolescents’ health is a priority tend in health policy of the Russian Federation. Among the total number of women seeking to mammologist clinic health from 2007 to 2011, teenage girls were just 0.3 %. But all of them were found breast disease such as a diffuse form of fibrocystic disease (61 %), nodular breast after surgery (17.3 %), contusion of breast cancer (13 %), non-lactational mastitis (8.7 %). Questionnaire of the adolescents showed that they do not know anything about risk factors of breast diseases, do not conduct monthly self-examination. A set of preventive measures is required to preserve women's reproductive health since their childhood.

Topic: Women's cancer prevention and management
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vasopressin actions on area postrema neurons in vitro

The area postrema (AP) is a circumventricular organ located on the dorsal surface of the medulla. Substantial evidence suggests that the AP is an important site involved in cardiovascular regulation. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is thought to act at the AP to increase the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex. We have therefore examined the effects of AVP on AP neurons with the use of extracellular single unit recordings in vitro. Coronal medullary brain slices (thickness = 400 microns) were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats and maintained in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). The slices were perfused with AVP (10(-8) to 10(-6) M), and the effect on single AP neurons was recorded. A total of 79 AP neurons was tested of which 50 (63.3%) were excited by AVP and 5 (6.3%) were inhibited, whereas the remaining 24 (30.3%) cells were unaffected. The excitatory effects of AVP were dose dependent: firing rate increased 92.6 +/- 25.8% at 10(-8) M, 289.4 +/- 53.9% at 10(-7) M, and 456.8 +/- 113.1% at 10(-6) M, respectively. We also examined whether these effects of AVP resulted from direct actions of this peptide on AP cells by testing if responses were retained during blockade of synaptic transmission (achieved by perfusion with a low Ca(2+)-high Mg2+ aCSF) in 11 cells excited by AVP. Nine of these cells were excited by AVP during such synaptic blockade. Finally, we demonstrated that the excitatory responses of five AP cells to AVP were all totally abolished by perfusion of slices with aCSF containing the V1 antagonist ([1-beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid,2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]-Arg8-vasopressin; Peninsula Laboratories, 10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Lewis (I.M.) : A modem History of Somalia. Nation and State in the Horn of Africa

Joint Roger. Lewis (I.M.) : A modem History of Somalia. Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 67, n°246-247, 1er et 2e trimestres 1980. pp. 184-185.

Topic: African history and culture analysis
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Contraceptive Knowledge, Contraceptive Attitude, and Contraceptive Use among College Students: Function of Gender, Age, and Residence

This study investigated the differences in college students' attitudes towards, and knowledge of contraceptives. Gender, age group and place of residence were examined to identify variables related to contraceptive use. A total of 388 responses were obtained from college students. The results are as follows: Firstly, significant differences were found in degree of contraceptive knowledge between genders, age groups, and residence types. There was also a significant interaction effect between gender and age. Secondly, there were significant differences of attitudes towards contraception in gender and age and there was also significant interaction effect between residence type and age. Thirdly, college students' contraceptive use could be successfully predicted by gender and attitude towards contraception. Male students who had positive attitudes towards contraception were more likely to use contraceptives. This suggests attitudes towards contraception should be considered when developing contraceptive programs.

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Les nuits de Strasbourg: Creolization at the Crossroads of Europe

Assia Djebar’s 1997 novel, Les nuits de Strasbourg, has often been read narrowly as “cosmopolitan” or as a commentary on war and memory. I explore this complex text through a new lens—creolization—a concept only recently emerging from the regional limitations historically imposed on its use. Blurring national, linguistic, religious, and ethnic boundaries, Djebar questions assumptions about post-colonial creolized identities. Formed and informed by overlapping memories (personal/collective, official/unofficial), as well as by orality, plural identities, and multilingualism, this novel illustrates the process and promise of creolization.

Topic: North African History and Literature
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Expansion of Casino Gambling in the United States—State Revenues and Public Interest Implications

ABSTRACT Casino gambling has greatly expanded in the United States since 1988. This paper considers the public interest implications of this change, including increased social costs and state revenues from casinos that can help address these costs. We describe casino growth, including the role of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) in casino development. After reviewing the research associated with casino social costs and state revenues, we select a number of states, concentrating in the northeastern United States, and describe the state revenues from casinos along with the funding that is provided for problem gambling prevention and treatment programs. We find a lack of consistency in the state casino tax rates, resulting revenues, and support for problem gambling prevention and treatment programs. Since billions of dollars of revenues are potentially at stake, state leaders should consider employing a strategy to capitalize on these revenues, given the increasingly prevalent social costs associated with casinos and the need to support problem gambling prevention and treatment programs.

Topic: Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences