jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examples of Lactic-Fermented Foods of the African Continent

The fermentation of food raw materials offers numerous benefits, several of which are vital for survival and safe nutrition of populations in traditional communities. The frequency of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria in African fermented foods appears to lie within the same range. The most important benefits of fermented foods are in several ways related to the gastrointestinal tract and our well-being, and are associated with lactic fermentations. Lactic acid fermentation is probably the oldest and best accepted among the African peoples, and is largely a home-based process throughout the African continent. A pure lactic-fermented maize gruel that is well known and appreciated throughout Southern Africa is mahewu. In Africa, cassava is the major root crop processed by lactic fermentation, providing a wide range of safe products such as gari, fufu, and lafun or kokonte, common throughout West Africa, and kivunde and cingwada in East Africa.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Proposed Recommender System For Solving Cold Start Issue Using k-means Clustering and Reinforcement Learning Agent

The cold start problem for new users is making a real challenge in the recommender system's operation to provide suggestions for a new user. This paper suggests a reinforcement learning recommender system that provides the automatic systems of multi-armed bandits which are learning and improving its efficiency from experience without being explicitly programmed. So, a movie recommender system is built using the K-Means Clustering to cluster the dataset and epsilon greedy reinforcement learning agent to manage multi-armed bandits recommendation process. The recommender system consists of multi-armed bandits that connect to five clustered datasets represents five movie genres and that was the first contribution. The second contribution is checking whether the NDCG is sufficient in measuring the quality of services in multi-armed bandits' recommender systems. The proposed recommender system has been tested using a movie lens 100-K dataset. The system measured using accumulative gain, RMSE, and NDCG. The results are showing efficiency to learn new user preferences.

Topic: Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modeling and Analysis of Passive Moving Seat for Improved Safety

Abstract Although current safety systems in passenger cars which include seat belts, frontal airbags, and more recently side airbags, are effective means in reducing injury in the case of accidents, there is still much room for improvement on existing systems, or addition of new ones. This paper introduces a novel system that can be added to existing designs to further reduce the injuries sustained in automobile accidents. The design calls for absorbing some of the crash energy by allowing the seat to move with respect to the chassis through a limited distance. As a result, the impact profile is affected, and therefore, the severity of the crash is reduced. Simulation runs on a simple passenger model at 35 mph have shown a reduction of HIC (Head Injury Criteria) from 1300 to 450 when this design is implemented.

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Management of smoking dependence

SUMMARY Several studies show that more than 60 to 70% of smokers want to stop smoking. The main difficulty in smoking weaning is usually important and is related to a physical and psychological smoking dependence. Smoking is considered as a chronic disease that often requires support in the long term, both pharmacological and psychological management. Smoker's motivation is a key element to start smoking weaning and to maintain it. In the first time, the management of smoking dependence is conducted by primary care doctors or by all specialized doctors graduated in this field. In case of difficulty, a recover by specialized physicians implicating in this management is desirable. The organizing of Tobacology Coordination Unit (TCU) in hospitals is also necessary. The physicians of TCU treat hospitalized patients and who are presents in consultation department. For a pragmatic point of view, it is necessary to establish a hierarchy of objectives: total stop smoking is both initial and final objective of the management of cigarette smoking weaning in smoker. The reduction of tobacco consumption in patients who do not want and / or can not quit smoking despite well conducted weaning attempts, should be considered as an intermediate step towards a definitive smoking weaning.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Autopsy Case of Liver Failure After Combination Therapy with Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir

症例は85歳女性，C型肝硬変合併の肝細胞癌（HCC）に対して繰り返し肝動脈化学塞栓術（TACE），体幹部定位放射線療法（SBRT）を行っていた．C型肝炎ウイルス（HCV）治療としてダクラタスビル・アスナプレビル24週投与を行い，投与終了時にHCV-RNAは陰性化したが，16週後に再燃した．そのため2回目のDirect acting antivirals（DAA）治療として，グレカプレビル・ピブレンタスビル投与を開始した．投与開始時にはChild-Pugh分類Aであり，画像上HCCを認めないことを確認していた．投与開始28日目に黄疸・肝機能障害を認め，入院にて加療を開始したものの，肝機能障害の進行，肝腎症候群に至り入院第13病日に死亡した．剖検所見では広範囲の肝線維化と腫瘍凝固壊死，癌細胞の残存を認め，代償性肝硬変であっても複数回のHCC治療歴があるなどの背景肝へのダメージが想定される場合，重篤な副作用も念頭に治療に当たるべきであることを示す一例を経験したため報告する．

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MgB<sub>2</sub>coils for a DC superconducting induction heater

In a DC superconducting induction heater the workpiece to be heated is rotated in a magnetic field generated by superconducting DC coils. Such a heater for preheating of aluminium billets (large cylinders) before their extrusion to profiles is under development in a European project. Two superconducting coils with a diameter in the 1 m range generate a magnetic field of about 0.5 T in the centre of the billet (when the billet is at rest). The coils are wound from MgB2 superconductor tapes with a critical current of about 400 A at 20 K and 1 T. In this paper we report on the analyses, design and build-up of the coils. Wire design and properties are given for the final choice of wire. Stability analyses show that quench situations can be handled. The design of the two coils is given and their interacting forces computed. Also the winding technique and the coil structure build-up are described. Finally, test results from winding of a small MgB2 test coil are given.

Topic: Superconductivity in MgB2 and Alloys
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peter Altmann, Banned Birds. The Birds of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (Archaeology and Bible 1; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2019)

Book Review: Peter Altmann, Banned Birds. The Birds of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (Archaeology and Bible 1; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2019)

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Automated greenhouse system

In this paper, an experimental setup for automated greenhouse system is presented, with an aim to improve the crop productivity under a controlled environment. For this purpose temperature, light, humidity and soil moisture sensors are used to collect critical data. Arduino mega 2560 is used to take necessary decisions based on threshold values of these environmental parameters. The control system then generates control signals to actuate exhaust fan and sprinklers, depending upon the environmental parameters. User can keep track of the environmental parameters and crop health through an android application. Moreover, actuators can also be actuated through the android application, if required. For improving the crop growth and maintaining the health of the crops a special combination of red and blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used. The greenhouse system is powered by solar panel to make it a self-sufficient unit.

Topic: Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
?7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotective, Neurotrophic or Both?

One of the early signs of Alzheimer's disease is the impairment in hippocampus-based episodic memory function, which is improved through the enhancement of cholinergic transmission. Several studies suggest that α7 nicotinic receptor (nAChR) activation represents a useful therapeutic strategy for the cognitive impairments associated with early Alzheimer's disease as the α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed by basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons as well as by their targets in the hippocampus. The current model for the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease posits that inappropriate accumulation of misfolded oligomeric aggregates of β-amyloid peptide leads to the dysfunction of the signaling mechanisms that support the cholinergic phenotype; this is manifested as an altered function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the nerve-growth factor trophic support system that results in the loss of cholinergic markers and eventually cholinergic neurons from the basal forebrain cholinergic system. A view was confounded by the fact that α7 nAChRs and β-amyloid peptides have been shown to interact in vitro and in vivo, including human post-mortem AD brain. This review will begin with a brief overview of the basal forebrain cholinergic system, followed by a discussion of the current knowledge of the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease, then a summary of the cholinergic phenotype observed in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse models. We will also present our recent findings that support our hypothesis that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor performs both the neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles in the maintenance of the cholinergic phenotype and discusses potential mechanisms and implications for Alzheimer's disease therapy.

Topic: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Activation of Pentafluorophenylsilanes by Weak Lewis Bases in Reaction with Iminium Cations

The Lewis base mediated carbon-carbon bond forming reactions between pentafluorophenylsilanes and iminium cations were studied theoretically and experimentally. The complexation of silanes with anionic Lewis bases was analyzed computationally using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The pentafluorophenyl group was found to exhibit a significant stabilizing effect on the formation of pentacoordinate silicon species, with (C6F5)3SiF and C6F5SiF3 being the strongest Lewis acids. Comparison of geometrical isomers of trigonal bipyramidal siliconates R2(C6F5)SiXY- (R = Me, F, Cl; X, Y = F, Cl, ClO4) revealed that the heteroatoms and the C6F5 group prefer to occupy apical and equatorial positions, respectively. Calculations of C6F5 group transfer processes from silanes to N,N-dimethyliminium cation lead to the following conclusions: (1) when employing weak Lewis bases X- = Cl-, ClO4- as activators, R2(C6F5)SiF are more reactive than R2(C6F5)SiX (X = Cl, ClO4); (2) the C6F5 group is much more reactive in an apical position than in an equatorial position of the siliconate; (3) a solvent greatly increases the reaction barrier by stabilizing the reactants; and (4) the efficiency of C-C bond formation can be improved by rendering the process intramolecular. It was shown experimentally that reactions of (C6F5)3SiF with PhCH=NMe2+TfO- can be promoted by a series of weak Lewis bases, from which the chloride anion was the most effective. Even more facile was the reaction of N-(silyloxyethyl)iminium ion (C6F5)3SiOCH2CH2N(Me)=CHPh+TfO-, likely proceeding via intramolecular transfer of a C6F5 group. The optimal conditions for pentafluorophenylation of iminium ions involved the use of benzyltriethylammonium chloride in refluxing dichloroethane.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of Manures, Fertilizers, and Rice Straw Allelopathy on T. aman Rice Yield

Nowadays, adopting agricultural practices that are sustainable and eco-friendly for crop production is a major concern. The present experiment was conducted at the AFLAB of BAU from June 2022 to November 2022 to estimate the combined effect of manures and fertilizers with rice straw allelopathy on the yield performance of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of two cultivars i.e.: BRRI dhan71 (V1) and BRRI dhan49 (V2) and eight treatments of the combination of rice straw, manures, and fertilizers such as Control (T1), Recommended doses of NPKS (T2), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Cow dung @ 5 t ha-1 (T3), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Cow dung @ 2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T4 ), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T5) , Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T6), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Trichocompost @ 10 t ha-1 (T7), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Trichocompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T8). The grain yield as well as the yield contributing characters such as the number of effective tillers hill-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight was highest at BRRI dhan71 with Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T6) treatment, followed by Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Trichocompost @ 10 t ha-1 (T7) treatment. BRRI dhan71 expressed superiority at yield and all the yield contributing characters than BRRI dhan49. This current study's results indicate that combining rice straw with manures and fertilizer could enhance the yield of transplant aman rice. As a result, mixing rice straws with manures and fertilizers could be a viable bundle of sustainable and eco-friendly ways for increasing crop productivity in the future.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 2288800: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Paving the road to make chimeric antigen receptor‐T‐cell therapy effective against solid tumors

Abstract The three major standard therapies, that is, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have conventionally been applied to the treatments for cancers and have saved many patients. In addition, for intractable, refractory, or advanced malignancies that cannot be cured by the three standard therapies, immunotherapy is an important subject of basic and clinical researches. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has shown significant therapeutic efficacies on some types of tumors in large‐scale randomized clinical trials, making a major impact on clinical oncology by scientifically proving and establishing the effectiveness of an immunotherapy. In 2018, ICI was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and immunotherapy is now becoming the “fourth” standard therapy for cancers. Recently, adoptive cell therapies, in which genetically modified T cells with enhanced reactivity against tumors are infused into the patients, have been attracting considerable attention as a hopeful immunotherapy following ICI. Particularly, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapies demonstrate marked therapeutic efficacies against some hematologic malignancies, and have been approved in many countries. However, current CAR‐T‐cell therapy is considered to be little effective against solid tumors, which is one of the challenging issues to be overcome in CAR‐T‐cell therapy. In this review, we at first introduce CAR and CAR‐T cell, and then focus on the recent progress of CAR‐T‐cell therapy against solid tumors as well as the novel concept on a role of CAR‐T cells, aiming to further understandings of the novel cancer immunotherapies.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Establishing and Improving the Law System against Corruption in China:From the United Nations Convention against Corruption

It is an important issue from judicial organizations how to use the principles and measures from the United Nations Convention against Corruption,create and improve the anti-corruption's law system and organization in China.So,it should carry on the valid strike to the corrupt behavior from both sides: One is establishing and improving the whole directing thought of the anti-corruption law system in crime prevention,paying attention to the real results and strengthening international cooperation,the other is improving the Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law through the criminal legislation activities.At last,China should set up the stereoscopic anti-corruption law system by drafting the related system and measure including the family property declaration.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using simulation to learn about vehicle dynamics

Mathematical models of vehicles are used to learn about vehicle behaviour. Traditionally, computer simulation analyses have been limited to experts who have specific questions about the vehicle dynamic performance. However, less experienced engineers can also run mathematical models when simulation technology is combined with a modern graphical interface and a database of vehicle properties. This paper shows how engineers and others can use simulation to rapidly gain experience in vehicle dynamics. Fundamental concepts involving steer, braking, and throttle inputs are demonstrated in an easy-to-use simulation environment. The paper describes features in the user interface that support quick learning on the part of the user. It also lists model features that serve to emphasise the most significant vehicle properties.

Topic: Real-time simulation and control systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Industrial strength formal verification techniques for hardware designs

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in the application of formal methods for hardware design and verification. While a number of different techniques based on BDDs, symbolic simulation, special-purpose decision procedures, model checking, and theorem proving have been applied with varying degrees of success, no one technique by itself has proven to be effective enough to verify a complex register-transfer level design, such as a state-of-the-art microprocessor. To scale up formal verification to industrial-scale designs it is necessary to combine these complimentary techniques within a general logical environment that can support appropriate abstraction mechanisms. The Prototype Verification System (PVS) is an environment to support the exploration of such a combined approach to verification. PVS is designed to exploit the synergies between language and deduction, automation and interaction, and theorem proving and model checking. This paper gives an overview of PVS and describes some of the major applications of PVS.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-objective Optimization Scheduling Method for Integrated Energy System Considering Uncertainty

In recent years, with the rapid development of integrated energy systems (IES), the complementary coupling of multiple energy sources has been deepening. The power spot market is running, high ratio of new energy is connecting to the grid, and demand-side management technology is developing those lead to various uncertainties in the building-level IES (BIES). Under this environment, how to dispatch the output of each unit in BIES to reduce the operation cost and carbon emission, and increase the overall energy efficiency have become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper uses Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm to obtain typical scenes that can effectively reflect uncertainty. A multi-objective optimal scheduling model including minimum operating cost, minimum carbon emission, and maximum energy utilization is established, and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) with elite strategy is used to solve the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the algorithm is verified by simulation analysis. The proposed method is beneficial to both the economy and efficiency of BIES.

Topic: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
U Poshukakh Istorychnoi Pravdy: Zbirnyk Na Poshanu Mikoli Chubatoho, 1889-1975. Ed. HryhorLuzhnyts'kyi and Iaroslav Padokh. New York, Paris, Sydney, and Toronto: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1987. xxxii, 548 pp. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Cloth.

U Poshukakh Istorychnoi Pravdy: Zbirnyk Na Poshanu Mikoli Chubatoho, 1889-1975. Ed. HryhorLuzhnyts'kyi and Iaroslav Padokh. New York, Paris, Sydney, and Toronto: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1987. xxxii, 548 pp. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Cloth. - Volume 50 Issue 2

Topic: Diverse Scientific Research in Ukraine
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling the auditory functions in the primary cortex

Neurons in the primary auditory cortex exhibit distinctive selectivities in responses to various acoustic features. Recent physiological studies suggest that there are three spatial dimensions along which the neural response patterns can be systematically organized: the tuning frequencies of the neurons are logarithmically mapped on the tonotopic axis, and the shapes of the tuning curves, in terms of symmetry and bandwidth, vary gradually along two other spatial dimensions. It is shown that these variations can be effectively modeled by a complex wavelet transform. With such a tie, one can employ well-established wavelet theories to analyzing and understanding how acoustic signals are processed in the auditory system, and thereby design novel engineering applications that are perceptually oriented.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Age Dependent Concentration of 226Ra in Human Bone and Some Transfer Factors from Diet to Human Tissues

The concentration of 226Ra in more than 1000 human bone samples, still born infants, fetuses, blood, mixed diet, drinking water and mineral water has been measured. An age dependence of 226Ra concentration in human bone could be demonstrated. Up to an age of 20 yr two maxima of 226Ra concentration in bone occur, coinciding with the increased velocity of skeleton growth. Normally, the main source for uptake of radium by man is food. In Germany the transfer factor from diet to bone is about 0.098. Compared with data from literature for other countries, mainly the U.S.A., the German value is higher by a factor of about 1.5. This difference may be due to the lower calcium uptake in Germany which leads to higher resorption of radium. Two methods for measuring natural radium concentrations in biological material and water samples are briefly described: a gamma-gamma-coincidence method for indirect measurement of 226Ra via the short lived 214Bi (RaC) and an alpha-spectrometric method for direct measurement of the alpha-emission of 226Ra.

Topic: Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences