jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wiring the Binocular Visual Pathways

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend axons out of the retina to transmit visual information to the brain. These connections are established during development through the navigation of RGC axons along a relatively long, stereotypical pathway. RGC axons exit the eye at the optic disc and extend along the optic nerves to the ventral midline of the brain, where the two nerves meet to form the optic chiasm. In animals with binocular vision, the axons face a choice at the optic chiasm—to cross the midline and project to targets on the contralateral side of the brain, or avoid crossing the midline and project to ipsilateral brain targets. Ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting RGCs originate in disparate regions of the retina that relate to the extent of binocular overlap in the visual field. In humans virtually all RGC axons originating in temporal retina project ipsilaterally, whereas in mice, ipsilaterally projecting RGCs are confined to the peripheral ventrotemporal retina. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating specification of ipsilateral versus contralateral RGCs, and the differential guidance of their axons at the optic chiasm. Recent insights into the establishment of congruent topographic maps in both brain hemispheres also will be discussed.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fundamental Study of Acrylic Resin as Crack Repair Material for Concrete

Recently, the concern with acrylic resin as a new repair material has been growing. The acrylic resin is characterized by high quality, low viscosity, highly elongation percentage and so on. Several studies have been made on the crack repair by using acrylic resin, but little is known about the effect of acrylic resin as a crack repair material for concrete.The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of acrylic resin for using as a crack repair material for the concrete structures. The fundamental mechanical properties of acrylic resin by using super lightweight powder were examined. And the repair effects of acrylic resin as crack repair material were examined by the flexural loading test of the concrete member repaired by crack injection technique. As a result, acrylic resin could adjust the viscosity by using super lightweight powder, and the elongation percentage of acrylic resin was superior to epoxy resin. The crack repair effects of acrylic resin were equivalent to the epoxy resin under drying condition of the crack surface of concrete member.

Topic: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
One of the Two is Always Lacking. Notes on Artwriting

The term ‘artwriting’ – coined in the late eighties by David Carrier to refer to a specific kind of philosophically-informed art criticism – has recently enjoyed a revival of sorts. However, its original usage seems to have been largely neglected, adopting in its new incarnation a meaning that manages to be simultaneously more restrictive and imprecise. In this way, for example, the recently established MA in Artwriting at Goldsmiths College takes artwriting to refer to ‘work that addresses art as writing, writing as art, and writing about art’. I consider this characterisation of artwriting in the light of the wider prominence of what I call ‘theory in general’. It will be argued that despite the (frequent but largely fruitless) attempts to differentiate artwriting from literary, critical or theoretical writing, it is from its affinity to such theory that artwriting makes its claim on a post-Romantic and post-conceptual contemporary art.

Topic: Artistic and Creative Research
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Internship Assessment in Medical Colleges of Bangladesh

This study aimed to evaluate the current status of the internship assessment in medical colleges of Bangladesh. Internship acts as the pathway from being a medical student to becoming a registered doctor. Hence, a rigorous and robust internship leads to producing better doctor and in turn better healthcare. Thus, proper assessment is necessary to ensure the quality of the future medical practitioners. Unfortunately, no study has been done in Bangladesh related to this context. A cross-sectional descriptive study with pre-tested self-administered questionnaires covering study place and population and factors relevant to intern assessment (assessment after each major discipline completion, assessment techniques, and feedback) was performed. The study was carried out in 8 medical colleges (4 public and 4 non-government; 4 inside Dhaka and 4 outside). 300 completed questionnaires (250 interns, 50 supervisors) were analyzed. All the collected data were analyzed and presented with SPSS v 19.0 software. Results revealed that there was no assessment present after completion of major placement rotation (about 54% interns and 24% teachers). Furthermore, only logbook was signed as the prevailing assessment technique (more than 66% interns and 72% doctors). Moreover, assessment feedback system was not fully functional (48.7% respondent views). Hence, the overall scenario is shabby and poses questions on our future doctors' skill set.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.8(1) 2017: 14-17

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kissing Cuisines: Exploring Worldwide Culinary Habits on the Web

Food and nutrition occupy an increasingly prevalent space on the web, and dishes and recipes shared online provide an invaluable mirror into culinary cultures and attitudes around the world. More specifically, ingredients, flavors, and nutrition information become strong signals of the taste preferences of individuals and civilizations. However, there is little understanding of these palate varieties. In this paper, we present a large-scale study of recipes published on the web and their content, aiming to understand cuisines and culinary habits around the world. Using a database of more than 157K recipes from over 200 different cuisines, we analyze ingredients, flavors, and nutritional values which distinguish dishes from different regions, and use this knowledge to assess the predictability of recipes from different cuisines. We then use country health statistics to understand the relation between these factors and health indicators of different nations, such as obesity, diabetes, migration, and health expenditure. Our results confirm the strong effects of geographical and cultural similarities on recipes, health indicators, and culinary preferences across the globe.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of upper troposphere trace gases and aerosols measurements over West Africa during summer 2006

During the AMMA2006 campaign, aircraft measurements often revealed the presence of polluted air masses with the chemical characteristics of biomass burning plumes in the free troposphere and in the upper troposphere over the Gulf of Guinea. The analyses carried out within the AMMA project suggest that the main emission region is central Africa during the south hemisphere dry season. This study shows the importance of convective uplift by large mesoscale convective systems for the transport of southern biomass burning emissions into the upper troposphere over West Africa. Such a mechanism allows rapid transport of pollutants up to 14 km where they are transported westward by the tropical easterly jet. The latitudinal distribution of the biomass burning plume and its content in CO, CO2 and O3 is determined with observations onboard three aircrafts (D-F20, BAE-146, M55-Geophysica) for a case study during the Monsoon season in 2006 and increased&#13;\nconcentrations are found south of 8°N below 600 hPa and around of 5°N at 200 hPa. An analysis of the origin of the air masses sampled during the AMMA campaign and the transport pathways was carried out using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART and the mesoscale meteorological model BOLAM. The mesoscale model was nudged with cloud top brightness temperatures derived from Meteosat measurements in order to accurately reproduce the position and the life cycle of convective systems over central and western Africa.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Non-Fermi liquid properties of 2d symplectic fermions: the role of a dynamically generated (pseudo)-gap

The interacting symplectic fermion model in two spatial dimensions is further analyzed. As an effective low energy theory, the model is unitary. We show that a relativistic mass m is dynamically generated and derive a gap equation for it. By incorporating a finite temperature we study some fundamental properties of the model, such as the specific heat and spin response, which clearly show non-Fermi liquid properties. We find that various physical properties are suppressed at temperatures T&lt; T* where the cross-over scale is T* = m. As a simplified, toy model of high Tc superconductivity, we thus identify the pseudogap energy scale with the zero temperature relativistic mass m, and show that this reproduces some qualitative aspects of the observed phenomenology of the pseudogap. The effects of the pseudogap and finite temperature on the d-wave gap equation are analyzed. In this model, the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon from superconductivity and in fact competes with it. Our analysis of Tc suggests that the quantum critical point of our model, where the pseudogap vanishes, occurs inside the superconducting dome near optimal doping. For an antiferromagnetic exchange energy of J/k_B ~ 1350K, solutions of the d-wave gap equation give a maximum Tc of about 110K.

Topic: Rare-earth and actinide compounds
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reference group and utilitarian shopping motivation and online purchase decision of fashion products in Tokopedia Marketplace

This study aims to determine the influence of reference groups and utilitarian shopping motivation on Online purchase decisions for fashion products on Tokopedia. The independent variable (X) examined in this study is the Reference Group (X1) and Utilitarian Shopping Motivation (X2) and the dependent variable (Y) is the Online Purchase Decision. The method using in this research is descriptive survey research methods and explanatory surveys with descriptive and verification research types. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observation, and literature study. The sample selection by purposive sampling technique with a sample of 100 respondents. This study uses the SPSS 22 application, using multiple regression analysis, the research results show that partially and simultaneously the Reference Group and Utilitarian Shopping Motivation has an effect on Online Purchasing Decisions. Further research is suggested to examine other variables not examined in this study, such as brand image, or brand loyalty and can also be done by replacing the unit of analysis with another marketplace.

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Norovirus Protease Structure and Antivirals Development

Human norovirus (HuNoV) infection is a global health and economic burden. Currently, there are no licensed HuNoV vaccines or antiviral drugs available. The protease encoded by the HuNoV genome plays a critical role in virus replication by cleaving the polyprotein and is an excellent target for developing small-molecule inhibitors. The current strategy for developing HuNoV protease inhibitors is by targeting the enzyme’s active site and designing inhibitors that bind to the substrate-binding pockets located near the active site. However, subtle differential conformational flexibility in response to the different substrates in the polyprotein and structural differences in the active site and substrate-binding pockets across different genogroups, hamper the development of effective broad-spectrum inhibitors. A comparative analysis of the available HuNoV protease structures may provide valuable insight for identifying novel strategies for the design and development of such inhibitors. The goal of this review is to provide such analysis together with an overview of the current status of the design and development of HuNoV protease inhibitors.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Drama On Drama: Dimensions Of Theatricality On The Contemporary British Stage

Notes on Contributors - Preface N.Boireau - PART 1: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES - Greeks in Drama: Four Contemporary Issues N.Vigouroux-Frey - The Revival of Medieval Forms in Recent Political Drama E.Angel-Perez - Cultural Transformations of Subversive Jacobean Drama: Contemporary Sub-Versions of Tragedy, Comedy and Tragi-Comedy K.P.Muller - Women Beware Women by Howard Barker (with Thomas Middleton), or: 'The Terrible Consistency' M.Morel - Japanese Theatrical Forms in Edward Bond's The Bundle and Jackets M.Prunet - PART 2: THE THEATRICAL IS THE REAL - Now Converging, Now Diverging: Beckett's Metatheatre R.Cohn - Pinter and the Pinteresque: An Author Trapped by His Own Image? M.Ghilardi-Santacatterina & A.Sierz - 'The Play's the Thing': the Metatheatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker C.Dymkowski - Tom Stoppard's Metadrama: the Haunting Repetition N.Boireau - Hauntings: Ghosts and the Limits of Realism in Cloud Nine and Fen by Caryl Churchill A.Wilson - PART 3: ENLIGHTENING INTERPLAYS - Watching for Dolphins by John McGrath: the Single Voicing of a Multiple Voice Performance J-P.Simard - Devising Drama on Drama: the Community and Theatre Traditions A.Fuchs - Representing Gender/Representing Self: a Reflection on Role-Playing in Performance Theory and Practice L.Goodman - Translating, Adapting, Re-writing: Three Facets of Christopher Hampton's Works as a Playwright A-R.Glaap - Les Enfants de Parodie: the Enlightened Incest of Anglo-American Musicals J.Elsom - General Bibliography - Index

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of Preoperative Symptoms and Revascularized Arterial Segment in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Background: Little is known about the relative impact of the preoperative symptoms rest pain and tissue loss, and of the arterial segment revascularized, on amputation rate and mortality in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). We wanted to investigate this topic further. Method: This population-based observational cohort study involved 10 419 patients revascularized for CLTI in Sweden, 2008 to 2013. Data were collected from health-care registries and medical records. The effect of preoperative symptoms and revascularized arteries was determined using Cox regression models. A competing risk analysis was used to determine the effect of symptoms on the combined endpoint “amputation or death”. Results: The amputation rate during a mean follow-up of 2 years was 7.5% in patients with rest pain, 15.6% in patients with tissue loss only, and 20.1% when both symptoms were present. Mortality was 39% lower in patients with rest pain only than in those with both symptoms. Revascularizations targeted the aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and infrapopliteal segments in 19.4%, 76.8%, and 30.6%, respectively. Distal revascularizations were associated with a higher amputation rate, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for comorbidities. Aortoiliac revascularizations were associated with high mortality. Competing risk analysis showed that mortality became the major determinant of amputation-free survival outcomes from 1 year after revascularization. Conclusions: Tissue loss implies a clearly worse prognosis compared to rest pain for patients with CLTI. Most revascularizations for CLTI are done in the femoropopliteal segment. Infrapopliteal procedures are associated with a higher amputation rate, whereas aortoiliac revascularizations are associated with higher mortality.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sentinel lymph node biopsy and breast cancer

Abstract Background and method This paper reviews and discusses the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. A standardized method of identifying the SLN and detecting micrometastases is suggested, along with a strategy for the elimination of routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Results Although the SLN can be identified successfully by experienced practitioners using either the dye-guided or γ probe-guided method, identification is facilitated when the two techniques are combined. To improve the likelihood of spotting metastases in the SLN, it is desirable to perform step sectioning combined with haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of permanent and frozen sections. SLN biopsy is as accurate for T2 tumours as it is for T1 tumours. However, it is highly unlikely that all false-negative cases can be eliminated, even by detailed histological examination. Nevertheless, patients with T1 tumours with micrometastases in the SLN have shown no evidence of tumour in the non-sentinel nodes. In other words, ALND can be avoided in these patients, even if histological examination of the SLN fails to detect micrometastasis. Conclusion In practice, routine ALND can be avoided in patients with T1 tumours when the identified SLN proves to be histologically negative. However, investigation of long-term regional controls and of survival in a prospective randomized trial is necessary before SLN biopsy can replace routine ALND, particularly for patients with T2 tumours.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
sup 4 from Personalized RNA Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4. A) qPCR analysis of miR-21-5p expression level after 4 treatments with TPN-21 in PDO 286. B) Relative tumor burden after (4 I.V injection of PBS (n=6) TPN-control n=6 or TPN-21 n=5 (5mg/kg). For qPCR each miRNA sample was normalized on the basis of its 18s content.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF INSTAGRAM SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN KAMPUNG KANDAGA COMMUNITY

Social media is a term that describes a variety of technologies that are used to bind people into collaboration, exchange information, and interact through web-based message content. Path occupies the fourth position with the dominance of users ranging in age from 20 to 25 years.We will conduct research in the form of a survey. The survey is a quantitative basic form". The object of this research is "The Influence of Instagram Social Media Use in the Kandaga Village community". Researchers conducted a survey on the influence of Instagram social media use in the Kandaga village community. Our group used a survey with questionnaire research which was used to collect research data with questions in it. and the statements answered by respondents. In addition, other words of influence are a state of reciprocity, or a causal relationship between what affects and what is influenced. The Internet significantly affects the way people live by changing because of its technology. We got 12 informants who used Instagram among teenagers and we asked some questions regarding the influence of Instagram media. There are 80% of them prefer to interact with friends face to face or directly and 70% of them get information and insight from the Instagram media

Topic: Educational Methods and Impacts
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Three Visions of Masculine Success on American Farms

Anthropological, sociological, historical, and psychological approaches are combined to explore three divergent orientations to masculine success among American farmers. With a focus on the moral economy of the family, we link dimensions of work, livelihood, and marital partnership to the emotional consequences of women’s off-farm work. We contrast agrarian and industrial ideals found in Georgia, Iowa, and Illinois and connect their emergence to the transformation of the American economy over the last 100 years. Psychological and survey data from an Iowa study show some preliminary support for the Georgia findings that a more industrial notion of farmers’masculinity, emphasizing income and lifestyle and an expectation that a man will be the sole breadwinner of the family, confers a heavier emotional burden in a time of financial crisis. The Midwestern sustainable agriculture movement has given rise to a “third wave” of masculinity, a less competitive and individualistic ideology, emerging from a more global ecological awareness.

Topic: Rural development and sustainability
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Marketing Research Traditions: Toward Theoretical Unification or Pluralism?

Theories of marketing and their future directions are increasingly discussed topics. A significant theme is whether we can construct a unifying logic for the marketing discipline (Vargo and Lusch 2004), or whether marketing should be seen as a theoretically pluralistic field (Möller and Halinen 2000). This issue is first addressed by examining the characteristics of marketing as a scientific domain. Next, a selected set of research traditions or schools of marketing (marketing management, services marketing, marketing channels, interaction and network approach in business marketing, relationship marketing) are described in terms of their intellectual goals and metatheoretical assumptions. This evaluation suggests that the fundamental aspects in assessing the explanatory value, limitations, and relative closeness of research traditions are the assumptions they make about: (i) marketing exchange relationships, (ii) the context of this exchange, and (iii) the actors carrying out the exchanges, in addition to their epistemological and methodological bases. Lastly, the results are used to argue for the adoption of theoretical pluralism in the marketing discipline.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Blending ‘home’ and ‘away’: young Israeli migrants as VFR travelers

This study explores the nexus between migration and tourism by focusing on the experiences of young Israeli migrants who engage in return-visits to their country of origin. The experiences of the migrants are examined with respect to transnational theory, VFR (visiting friends and relatives) travel and conceptualizations of 'home' and 'away.' The migrants' sense of 'being at home' is deconstructed in terms of familiarity with place, privacy and situational control, and sociability in associations. The findings of this multidimensional analysis reveal that the young migrants' experiences of 'home' and 'away' is transformed across time in accordance with their sense of adaptation in the receiving country. While in terms of familiarity with place and sociability in associations the sense of being at home is weakened considerably, it is actually strengthened in terms of privacy and situational control. These findings stress the complexity of VFR experiences in the context of transnational migration.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences