jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transferrin-Conjugated Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Targeting Artemisone to Melanoma Cells

We report a successful formulation of Artemisone (ATM) in transferrin (Tf)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), achieving nearly a five-times increase in cell toxicity. The escalating cost of new drug discoveries led to the repurposing of approved drugs for new indications. This study incorporated Artemisone, an antimalarial drug, into a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) and tested for possible anticancer effects. The aim was to develop NLCs, and transferrin-conjugated NLCs (NLC-Tf) encapsulating Artemisone to enhance its delivery and anticancer activity. NLC formulations were prepared using high-pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication and were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and PDI. The conjugation of (Tf) to (NLC) was confirmed using IR, and the anticancer activity was tested using MTS assay. All formulations were in the nanometer size range (140–167 nm) with different zeta potential values. IR spectroscopy confirmed the successful conjugation of transferrin to NLC. Upon testing the formulations on melanoma cell lines using MTS assay, there was a significant decrease in viability and an increase in the encapsulated ATM-Tf toxicity compared to positive control ATM. The NLCs presented a promising potential carrier for delivering ATM to melanoma cells, and further conjugation with Tf significantly improved the ATM cytotoxicity.

Topic: Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Recycling of autophagosomal components from autolysosomes by recycler complex

<title>Abstract</title> Autolysosomes contain components both from autophagosomes and lysosomes. The contents inside the autophagosomal lumen are degraded during autophagy, while the fate of autophagosomal components on autolysosomal membrane remains unknown. Here, we found the autophagosomal membrane and transmembrane proteins are not degraded, but recycled from autolysosomes. We named this process autophagosomal components recycling (ACR). We further identified a multiprotein complex composed of SNX4, SNX5 and SNX17 essential for ACR which we termed “recycler”. In this, SNX4 and SNX5 form a heterodimer that recognizes an autophagosomal cargo STX17 and is required for generating membrane curvature on autolysosomes both via their BAR domains, to mediate the cargo sorting process. SNX17 interacts with both the dynein-dynactin complex and the SNX4-SNX5 dimer to facilitate retrograde transport of STX17. Depletion of any subunit of recycler completely blocks ACR, and also inhibits autophagy. Our discovery of ACR and identification of recycler reveal an important retrieval and recycling pathway on autolysosomes.

Topic: Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AKTIVISME DIGITAL PERSPEKTIF

Social media platforms have the ability to facilitate international condemnation of Israel's attacks on the Gaza region since October 8, 2023. However, social media, especially Facebook and Instagram, secretly carried out censorship actions which triggered user resistance to simultaneously use the image of a watermelon fruit as a representation of the Palestinian flag. Simultaneously with the circulation of watermelon images on social media platforms, Palestinian sympathizers distributed campaign information for the emancipatory Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. The use of the watermelon symbol or watermelon resistance as sympathy for the Palestinian movement is a symbolic interaction in digital activism through social media

Topic: Agricultural and Environmental Management
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Triphasic Pulse Stimulation Pattern in Cochlear Implant Users Assessed with Ecap Measure

The rationale for the use of three-phase stimulation for programming the processor of the cochlear implantation system (CI) in patients with deafness is presented. To study the possibilities of using a new type of stimulation, we selected patients after cochlear implantation, with signs of facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in postoperative period. All subjects were previously fitted with an audio processor with individual fitting maps based on traditional biphasic stimulation. The use of three-phase stimulation to prevent FNS is caused by the geometry of the electric current pulses, which allows to reduce the penetrating power of the charge in the tissues and eliminate the effect on the facial nerve, without resorting to reducing the levels of stimulation necessary to create a dynamic range of sound perception. Comparative data of the parameters and the results of audiological testing in 21 patients with symptoms of FNS with traditional (two-phase) and three-phase electrical pulses in the stimulation algorithm of the CI system are presented. The positive effect of three-phase stimulation has been established. The results of the study show a significant increase in sound perception indicators when switching to a three-phase stimulation algorithm.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison between IgE and IgG&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; binding peptides detected by microarray immunoassay for each serum tested. Discrepancies between IgE and IgG4 binding peptides are in bold.

&lt;p&gt;Comparison between IgE and IgG&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; binding peptides detected by microarray immunoassay for each serum tested. Discrepancies between IgE and IgG4 binding peptides are in bold.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reconciling Rewards with Predictive State Representations

Predictive state representations (PSRs) are models of controlled non-Markov observation sequences which exhibit the same generative process governing POMDP observations without relying on an underlying latent state. In that respect, a PSR is indistinguishable from the corresponding POMDP. However, PSRs notoriously ignore the notion of rewards, which undermines the general utility of PSR models for control, planning, or reinforcement learning. Therefore, we describe a sufficient and necessary accuracy condition which determines whether a PSR is able to accurately model POMDP rewards, we show that rewards can be approximated even when the accuracy condition is not satisfied, and we find that a non-trivial number of POMDPs taken from a well-known third-party repository do not satisfy the accuracy condition. We propose reward-predictive state representations (R-PSRs), a generalization of PSRs which accurately models both observations and rewards, and develop value iteration for R-PSRs. We show that there is a mismatch between optimal POMDP policies and the optimal PSR policies derived from approximate rewards. On the other hand, optimal R-PSR policies perfectly match optimal POMDP policies, reconfirming R-PSRs as accurate state-less generative models of observations and rewards.

Topic: Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The coexpression of two desaturases provides an optimized reduction of saturates in camelina oil

Summary Reducing the saturate content of vegetable oils is key to increasing their utility and adoption as a feedstock for the production of biofuels. Expression of either the FAT5 16 : 0‐CoA desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans , or an engineered cyanobacterial 16 : 0/18 : 0‐glycerolipid desaturase, DES9*, in seeds of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) substantially lowered oil saturates. However, because pathway fluxes and regulation of oil synthesis are known to differ across species, translating this transgene technology from the model plant to crop species requires additional investigation. In the work reported here, we found that high expression of FAT5 in seeds of camelina ( Camelina sativa ) provided only a moderate decrease in saturates, from 12.9% of total oil fatty acids in untransformed controls to 8.6%. Expression of DES9* reduced saturates to 4.6%, but compromised seed physiology and oil content. However, the coexpression of the two desaturases together cooperatively reduced saturates to only 4.0%, less than one‐third of the level in the parental line, without compromising oil yield or seedling germination and establishment. Our successful lowering of oil saturates in camelina identifies strategies that can now be integrated with genetic engineering approaches that reduce polyunsaturates to provide optimized oil composition for biofuels in camelina and other oil seed crops.

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
IMPACT OF THE BASELINE ANTI-A/B IGG TITER ON THE CLINICAL OUTCOME IN ABO-INCOMPATIBLE LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Backgrounds: The use of ABO incompatible (ABOi) living donors is an attractive solution for expanding the liver donor pool. We investigated the impact of the baseline anti-A/B IgG titer on the transplant outcomes in ABOi liver transplantation (LT). Methods: We analyzed 394 adult patients who underwent living donor LT (303 ABO compatible LT and 91 ABOi LT) between 2012 and 2018. ABOi LT patients were categorized by baseline IgG titer: low IgG titer (≤ 1:64, n=51) versus high IgG titer (≥ 1:128, n=40). All ABOi LT patients received desensitization therapy including rituximab and plasmapheresis. Results: Patients with high IgG titer experienced antibody rebound (≥ 1:64) more frequently than those with low IgG titer during the first month after LT (35.0% vs. 15.7%, P=0.033). Patient survival rates for ABO compatible, low IgG titer, and high IgG titer were 85.0%, 91.5%, and 74.4%, respectively, at 3 years post-transplantation (P=0.006). High IgG titer (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.39-5.48; P=0.004) and MELD score of >20 (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.22-4.41; P=0.010) were independent risk factors for mortality. Infection was the leading causes of death in all groups, but the proportion was significantly higher in high IgG titer group than in other groups (81.8% vs. 30.8% vs. 33.3%). Conclusion: Patients with high IgG titer (≥ 1:128) are associated with a higher risk of death after ABOi LT than those with low IgG titer (≤ 1:64). Thus, ABOi LT patients with high IgG titer should be managed with great care.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A preliminary investigation of presenteeism and cognitive preferences among head nurses: a cross-sectional study

Individual health is essential for productivity at work. However, presenteeism, which is defined as attending work while ill, is common. Nursing is a profession with a high incidence of presenteeism, leading to diverse negative outcomes. Considering the unique and significant role of head nurses and the influence of cognitive factors on presenteeism, the current study aimed to investigate the incidence of presenteeism among head nurses, their cognitive preference towards presenteeism, and the association between the two.This preliminary investigation was a cross-sectional study conducted from July to August 2022. Participants were 233 head nurses recruited via convenience sampling from six hospitals located in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. The Nurse Presenteeism Questionniare (NPQ) and an original cognitive preference questionnaire were used to measure head nurses' experience of presenteeism and cognitive preference towards presenteeism. Descriptive statistics and sample t-tests were performed for data analysis.In the past six months, 96.6% of the head nurses exhibited signs of presenteeism. The specific symptoms were discomfort in the lower back, dizziness or headache, cold (e.g., stuffy nose or cough), abdominal pain (including menstrual pain), and whole-body fatigue or discomfort. 95.7% of head nurses' anticipation preference toward presenteeism inclined to rest at home; additionally, more than 80% of the head nurses considered presenteeism detrimental to both individuals and organizations. Further, 63.9% of the head nurses were inclined toward conduct discouragement in the face of subordinates' presenteeism. There was no significant difference in presenteeism between head nurses with various anticipation preferences (p > 0.05) and benefit preferences (p > 0.05). However, the differences in presenteeism among head nurses with various management preferences were significant (t = 2.60, p = 0.01). Specifically, head nurses who favored encouraging subordinate presenteeism had higher presenteeism scores compared to those who discouraged it.Presenteeism among head nurses remains a universal workplace phenomenon. There was inconsistency among head nurses' anticipation preferences, benefit preferences, and presenteeism. However, there was consistency between head nurses' management preferences and presenteeism.

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Elastic and transport coefficients of the perfect hard-sphere crystal from the poles of the hydrodynamic spectral functions

Abstract The elastic and transport coefficients of a perfect face-centered cubic crystal of hard spheres are computed from the poles of the dynamic structure factor and of the spectral functions of transverse momentum density fluctuations. For such crystals, the relevant coefficients are the three isothermal elastic constants <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>44</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the heat conductivity κ , and the three viscosities <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>44</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (in Voigt’s notations), which are directly computed using molecular dynamics simulations. The elastic and transport coefficients are then compared to the values of the same coefficients obtained with the method of Helfand moments, showing good agreement and providing strong support for the microscopic hydrodynamic theory of perfect crystals based on the local-equilibrium approach.

Topic: Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CLINICAL ADVANCES IN LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Organ Failure and Infection of Pancreatic Necrosis as Determinants of Mortality in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis

This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity on page e13. Learning Objective: Upon completion of this exercise, successful learners will be able to recognize the major determinants of severity for acute pancreatitis. BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is no consistency between the individual studies in the literature on whether organ failure (OF) or infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is the main determinant of severity in acute pancreatitis. We aimed to statistically aggregate the available data and determine the pooled influence of OF and IPN on mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The search for relevant observational studies was undertaken in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus electronic databases, as well as in the proceedings of major gastroenterology meetings. The summary estimates are presented as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Fourteen studies comprising 1478 patients with acute pancreatitis were meta-analyzed. A total of 600 patients developed OF and 179 of them died (mortality, 30%); 314 patients developed IPN and 102 of them died (mortality, 32%). In a stratified analysis, patients with OF and IPN had a significantly higher risk of death in comparison with patients with OF and no IPN (RR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.322.85; P .0007) and in comparison with patients with IPN and no OF (RR 2.65; 95% CI: 1.305.40; P .0007). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute pancreatitis, the absolute influence of OF and IPN on mortality is comparable and thus the presence of either indicates severe disease. The relative risk of mortality doubles when OF and IPN are both present and indicates extremely severe disease or critical acute pancreatitis.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phase extension by combined entropy maximization and solvent flattening

An efficient algorithm is described for finding the maximum entropy density distribution under the constraint that (Σ |F|cos (2πh . r- ϕ)), where the sum is over a subset of reflections whose phase has been determined, is constant. This algorithm is combined with solvent flattening in a procedure for extending phases to higher resolution. A test of the procedure on the structure of ribonuclease A and its application to the determination of two previously unknown structures are discussed.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pleurostomophora, an anamorph of Pleurostoma (Calosphaeriales), a new anamorph genus morphologically similar to Phialophora

Pleurostoma ootheca (Calosphaeriales) was newly collected, and found to produce a Phialophora-like anamorph in culture, which was morphologically similar to Phialophora (Ph.) repens and Ph. richardsiae. The close relationship among these three species was confirmed on the basis of sequence analysis of the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and its flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2). Furthermore, molecular data from partial 18S small subunit (SSU) DNA, revealed these three species were not phylogenetically closely related to the type of Phialophora, Ph. verrucosa, which was nested in the Chaetothyriales clade. A new anamorph genus, Pleurostomophora (P.), was therefore proposed to accommodate these species. The formation of perithecia from single-ascospore isolates of Pleurostoma (Pl.) ootheca also showed it to have a homothallic mating system

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Measurement of Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge

An important determinant of student learning is the quality of teaching which is, in turn, affected by teachers' knowledge of discipline-specific pedagogy. Thus a clearer understanding of what constitutes Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge (MPCK) and its development in teachers is crucial for improving teacher education courses. This symposium reports through three papers the results from a project which seeks to study how primary teachers develop MPCK. This first paper describes an operational definition of MPCK in terms of four constructs and the development of an instrument to measure MPCK. The items of the instrument were designed specifically to measure these constructs in the context of Singapore's primary mathematics curriculum.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simulation of the Sparrow Flight Vibration Environment

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Laboratory and captive flight experiments were performed using an instrumented Sparrow III missile to evaluate the relative merits of direct mechanical vibration and reverberant acoustic noise tests as techniques for simulating the Sparrow captive flight vibration environment. For the laboratory experiments, the mechanical vibration and acoustic noise excitations were applied in accordance with a common response-controlled test specification. The resulting missile vibration data were then standardized and compared with the vibration levels measured during captive flight to determine their similarity in terms of directional, spatial, and spectral distributions. The results indicate that the acoustic noise test simulated the captive flight vibration more accurately than did the mechanical vibration test. However, the accuracy of the simulation provided by the mechanical vibration excitation was not unacceptable for practical applications.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1049329: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecules to Medicine, Mice to Man: A portion of the Story of Adenosine in the Heart

The cells of the cardiovascular system generate and release the compound adenosine in increasing quantities when they are “stressed” or subjected to injury/disease. This increased amount extra-cellular adenosine can then interact with receptors in myocardial, vascular, and inflammatory cells to regulate their function. In addition, the adenosine formed can be rapidly re-incorporated back into the cells ‘nucleotide’ pool to aid in maintenance of energy. Via these receptor-dependent and independent (metabolic) paths adenosine plays a crucial role in controlling the balance between energy supply and demand in the heart, and providing tolerance to damaging conditions such as ‘ischaemia’ (myocardial infarction or heart attack). The molecular basis for control of adenosine release, and the precise actions of adenosine, remain incompletely understood. Amongst other things, our research over the past 16 years has contributed to our knowledge regarding formation and actions of adenosine in the normal and diseased heart. What follows is a lay description of some of this work - a portion of the story of adenosine in the heart.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences