jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hopf bifurcation analysis of a delayed SEIR epidemic model with infectious force in latent and infected period

In this paper, we analyze a delayed SEIR epidemic model in which the latent and infected states are infective. The model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium whenever a certain epidemiological threshold, known as the basic reproduction number R0 , is less than or equal to unity. We investigate the effect of the time delay on the stability of endemic equilibrium when R0>1 . We give criteria that ensure that endemic equilibrium is asymptotically stable for all time delays and a Hopf bifurcation occurs as time delay exceeds the critical value. We give formulae for the direction of Hopf bifurcations and the stability of bifurcated periodic solutions by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold reduction for functional differential equations. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the analytical results.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Geomorphology of the Middle Mississippi River

Abstract : A comprehensive study of the historical geomorphology of the Middle Mississippi River was made to determine the physical impact of river contraction works on river morphology and behavior, and subsequent effects on the side channels. The studies included physical model studies of the river and side channels, the combined effects of navigation improvement structures and flood protection works on flood stages, and a review of the history of development and modification of the Middle Mississippi River.

Topic: Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic analysis of tobacco RuBPCase

Green leaves contain high levels of soluble proteins. The best‐studied leaf protein is the fraction 1 protein which comprises more than 50% of the soluble leaf protein and is the most abundant protein in nature. This protein is an important photosynthetic enzyme, ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCase), and has many unique properties. It catalyzes two reactions ‐ photosynthesis and photorespiration; consists of two types of subunits ‐ large and small; and requires two independent genomes for its synthesis ‐ chloroplast and nuclear. This reviewer's intent is to review and evaluate our current knowledge of the genetics of this protein. The genetic analysis of tobacco RuBPCase was initially attempted by employing the classical plant breeding techniques ‐interspecific hybridization. The results were supported by using isolated chloroplasts for in vitro protein synthesis experiments and finally confirmed by the application of the recombinant DNA technology. The genetics and biosynthesis of tobacco RuBPCase were thus well established and serve as an excellent example to illustrate the close interaction and orderly coordination between the nuclear and organellar genomes in plant system.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Paradoxes of identity: the past and the present

The article deals with the problematic aspects of the concept of identity, the analysis of which helps to point out and to overcome the paradoxes of the “diachronic identity”, the identity of the human person (as identity of its inner cell) and “plural, flexible identity”, and also to clarify the conditions of the legitimate use of these concepts in contemporary philosophy and social science. The article examines two paradigms of identity: the substantive, when the identity of a thing is sought in an invariable property, which provides its synchronous identity, and the formal, when the identity is sought in a form, a structure of the language, which provides its duration in time and helps to understand the diachronic identity. The article shows the importance of the use of “criteria of identity”, introduced by analytical philosophers to find out the way of duration in time of beings which they try to identify, from the material objects to the collective beings, including the identity of the human person. The problem of subjective identity is pointed out as a separate problem. Two main approaches to it are differentiated: mentalist and expressivist. The first is focused on the inner world of the human being, its memories and feelings, creating paradoxes of the «identity for itself» which is not the «identity for the others», whereas the second lets include the social world in the definition of the subjective identity and facilitates the reconsideration of the boundaries of the internal and the external in determining the human self. The article analyses contemporary use of the concept of identity in social science and public discourses and demonstrates the contradiction of the concept of “plural, heterogeneous identity”, which formulates but doesn’t solve the problem of the subjective identity as the identification of an individual with different social groups.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Review: Oliver's Travels:A History of Scotland

Popularising history is like dancing on eggs. The great Thomas Carlyle created two 'model historians': Smelljungus 'the archive man' and Sauerteig 'yeast in the dough': meaning himself. A J P Taylor said 'if you want to relive history: read Carlyle'. His French Revolution (1837) was like cinema, swooping in and out of battles, parades, executions. Not everyone approved of the narrative grand style, then or now. Prof Tom Devine attacked the BBC History of Scotland's series' user-friendly narrator Neil Oliver in 2006 and got wrath back, like Fraser versus Mannering in Dad's Army. But Devine's own The Scottish Nation (1999) only starts in 1688, at that depressing moment for little Johnie Lockhart for whom Walter Scott wrote his Tales of a Grandfather, when 'civilisation' started. In fact Oliver used a variety of approaches, of which the archaeological (at which he is most specialised) differed from the topographical-political, reminding us how important the Highlands were until the nineteenth century.

Topic: Scottish History and National Identity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Aspiration Hazard and Toxicity of a Homologous Series of Alcohols

(1966). The Aspiration Hazard and Toxicity of a Homologous Series of Alcohols. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 457-461.

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effective Use Of Dry Erase Boards/Walls In Active Learning Spaces

Location: JC Room G With the age of digital revolution, institutions of higher education have to constantly come up with meaningful ways to engage students in learning within the classroom using traditional or dry erase boards. To successfully accomplish this, we must learn to make the classroom place of teaching both academic and social; to make the profession of teaching both instruction and facilitation and; to make the role of students not just as consumers of education but producers of information. Taking advantage of physical resources, such as a writable whiteboard space can provide us an unobtrusive way to engage with students while also offering a way to understand their use of the physical space. The goal of this teaching activity is to engage the participants in a quick teaching activity showcase whereby we can not only learn together and share best practices to enhance our pedagogical practices but also support 21st century thinking in the material classroom. Through a shared experience we hope to engage the participants in this session in an inquiry-based approach to problem solving. Come and learn how one can use the dry erase boards effectively to engage student learning.

Topic: Education and Technology Integration
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase &lt;i&gt;Vaccinia&lt;/i&gt; H1–Related Protein Inhibits Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells and Is Overexpressed in Prostate Cancer

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Androgen ablation during the initial stages of prostate cancer causes regression of the tumor due to an increase in apoptosis and reduced cellular proliferation. However, prostate cancer invariably progresses to an androgen-independent state for poorly understood reasons. Previous studies showed that c-Jun NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; terminal kinase (JNK) is required for 12-&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)– and thapsigargin (TG)–induced apoptosis in the androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Androgens protect LNCaP cells from TPA-induced or TG-induced apoptosis via down-regulation of JNK activation. However, the molecular mechanisms of this inhibition are not clear. Here, we systematically investigated the possible regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases/dual-specificity phosphatases during apoptosis of LNCaP cells and found that &lt;i&gt;Vaccinia&lt;/i&gt; H1–related protein (VHR/DUSP3) is up-regulated by androgens during inhibition of apoptosis in LNCaP cells, but not in androgen-independent DU145 cells. Ectopic expression of wild-type VHR, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, interfered with TPA- and TG-induced apoptosis. Consistently, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of endogenous VHR increased apoptosis in response to TPA or TG in the presence of androgens. Furthermore, COS7 cells stably expressing wild-type VHR, but not a mutant, had a decrease in JNK phosphorylation. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, VHR expression decreased in the androgen-dependent human prostate cancer xenograft CWR22 upon androgen withdrawal and was inversely correlated to JNK phosphorylation. Expression analysis in human prostate cancer specimens showed that VHR is increased in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate. These data show that VHR has a direct role in the inhibition of JNK-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP cells and may therefore have a role in prostate cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9255–64]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Reconstruction for radionecrotic chest wall ulcer using autogenous replacements].

When reconstructing the radionecrotic chest wall ulcer, safety of the flap is essential. If the flap becomes necrotic, fatal situations may arise, such as pyothorax, especially when prosthetic replacement is chosen. Thus, flaps with a rich and stable blood supply must be chosen for necrotic chest wall reconstruction.We present the case of a 67-year-old lady who developed radionecrosis following irradiation of the chest wall after radical mastectomy. The ensuing radionecrosis of the skin and chest wall progressed to advanced ischemia with secondary infection. The necrotic ribs and surrounding tissue were debrided and the anterior chest wall was reconstructed by pediculed omental and vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. The patient is currently well and alive without any evidence of recurrence of either infection or breast carcinoma.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Review of the publication: Krystyna Zabawa, The story begun. Polish children's literature after 1989 and contemporary Culture

Reviewed publication: Krystyna Zabawa, “The Story Begun. Polish Children's Literature after 1989 and Contemporary Culture”Jesuit University of Philosophy and Education Ignatianum. WAM Publishing House, Krakow 2013, pp. 332. ISBN 978-83-7614-146-6 (Ignatianum) ISBN 978-83-7767-994-4 (WAM)

Topic: Central European Literary Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Captains of War

This article examines the role of history in professional military education (PME) in light of the recent US Joint Chiefs of Staff’s guidance on achieving ‘intellectual overmatch’. Louis Halewood and David Morgan-Owen argue that a narrow approach to the past, underpinned by preconceived notions of ‘relevance’, undermines what ability history has to serve the aims of military education. History need not be ‘applied’ to make it valuable, as its study can provide a broader understanding of warfare. Only by treating history more seriously, and by meaningfully engaging with the legacies of Britain’s own military past, can the discipline contribute to modern PME. ◼.

Topic: Military History and Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of the Relationship Between Family Firms and Competitiveness

This chapter develops an additive model of the microeconomic sources of family firm (FF) competitiveness. Its main contribution is the proposal of a new explanatory framework with a perspective incorporating both ex post competitiveness and its determinants in a chain of multi-level causality. Based on fully-specified theory, the framework is designed to explain the complementarity of the effects of the firm's country, industry, district, strategy, and distinctive competences, focusing where appropriate on the case of the FF. The theoretical model also sheds light on the forces that influence the accumulation of sustainable competitive advantages. To that end, this chapter incorporates a particular focus on how the ownership and control structure affects the accumulation of intangible assets that give rise to the so-called family effect.

Topic: Family Business Performance and Succession
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Productive, Relational and Everywhere? Conceptualising Power and Resistance within Foucauldian Feminism

This paper critically explores the ways in which power has been conceptualised within Foucauldian feminism. I focus on two facets within this framework: power as productive and power as relational. Although Foucauldian feminism combines both, tensions between them exist, particularly when it comes to understanding resistance. I argue for the need to focus on a productive or generative paradigm of power which perceives power neutrally as neither inherently oppressive nor liberatory, yet with the capacity to be both. In this way, power can be conceived of as ubiquitous and trans-historical without inhibiting the possibilities for social change.

Topic: Foucault, Power, and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure from A Short Isoform of Spermatogenic Enzyme GAPDHS Functions as a Metabolic Switch and Limits Metastasis in Melanoma

Supplementary Figure from A Short Isoform of Spermatogenic Enzyme GAPDHS Functions as a Metabolic Switch and Limits Metastasis in Melanoma

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Morphological Studies on the Ciliary Muscles

After the morphological studies on the ciliary muscles, ligamentum pectinatum and scleral spur of the human eye, the author has come to have the following opinions:The contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscles at accmodation have an influence like a pump on the pressure in the canal of Schlemm. That is, at the contraction of muscles the scleral spur which is the back and inside wall of the canal is pulled backward, and the ligamentum pectinatum which is the inside wall of the canal moves inward, so the space of the canal is dirated. When the muscles relax, the spur and ligament return to original place, so that the space of the canal is narrowed.The contraction of the muscles at accomoodation enlarges the meshes of the ligament, the spaces between the mesh planes and the area of the ligament which faces to the anterior, chamber, so that it becomes easy for the aqueous humor to pass through the ligament. The other way, the relaxation of the muscles makes the aqueous difficult to pass through.These function of the ciliary muscles on the ligment make the pump like action of the canal more effective.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The association of the sebum excretion rate with melasma, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, and rhytides

Continuing research with facial modeling and measurement systems will allow for development of more objective facial assessments. Future studies need to assess the role of technology in stratifying the severity and subtypes of rosacea and melasma. Furthermore, the role of sebaceous regulation may have important implications in photoaging.

Topic: Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cyclitols. Part XXIV. Selective acetolysis of myoinositol benzyl ethers

The acetolysis of benzyl ethers of myoinositol is selective and its rate varies with the nature and configuration of the neighbouring groups. The penta-acetate of 1-O-benzylmyoinositol is readily obtained from 1,4,5,6-tetra-O-benzylmyoinositol; hydrogenolysis gives 1,2,4,5,6-penta-O-acetylmyoinositol.

Topic: Organophosphorus compounds synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Relationship between Return on Investment and Quality of Study Methodology in Workplace Health Promotion Programs

Objective. To determine the relationship between return on investment (ROI) and quality of study methodology in workplace health promotion programs. Data Source. Data were obtained through a systematic literature search of National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Database (HTA), Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry, EconLit, PubMed, Embase, Wiley, and Scopus. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Included were articles written in English or German reporting cost(s) and benefit(s) and single or multicomponent health promotion programs on working adults. Return-to-work and workplace injury prevention studies were excluded. Data Extraction. Methodological quality was graded using British Medical Journal Economic Evaluation Working Party checklist. Economic outcomes were presented as ROI. Data Synthesis. ROI was calculated as ROI = (benefits − costs of program)/costs of program. Results were weighted by study size and combined using meta-analysis techniques. Sensitivity analysis was performed using two additional methodological quality checklists. The influences of quality score and important study characteristics on ROI were explored. Results. Fifty-one studies (61 intervention arms) published between 1984 and 2012 included 261,901 participants and 122,242 controls from nine industry types across 12 countries. Methodological quality scores were highly correlated between checklists (r = .84–.93). Methodological quality improved over time. Overall weighted ROI [mean ± standard deviation (confidence interval)] was 1.38 ± 1.97 (1.38–1.39), which indicated a 138% return on investment. When accounting for methodological quality, an inverse relationship to ROI was found. High-quality studies (n= 18) had a smaller mean ROI, 0.26 ± 1.74 (.23–.30), compared to moderate (n= 16) 0.90 ± 1.25 (.90–.91) and low-quality (n= 27) 2.32 ± 2.14 (2.30–2.33) studies. Randomized control trials (RCTs) (n= 12) exhibited negative ROI, −0.22 ± 2.41(–.27 to –.16). Financial returns become increasingly positive across quasi-experimental nonexperimental, and modeled studies: 1.12 ± 2.16 (1.11–1.14), 1.61 ± 0.91 (1.56–1.65), and 2.05 ± 0.88 (2.04–2.06), respectively. Conclusion. Overall, mean weighted ROI in workplace health promotion demonstrated a positive ROI. Higher methodological quality studies provided evidence of smaller financial returns. Methodological quality and study design are important determinants.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Enteric methane output and weight accumulation of Nguni and Bonsmara cows raised under different grazing conditions

Abstract Several experts throughout the world have focused a lot of their research on the rise in methane concentrations in the atmosphere and its causes. Cattle are the livestock species that contribute the most to methane emissions, according to research conducted over the previous three decades. A greenhouse gas called enteric methane (CH 4 ) is created by microbial fermentation in the rumen and is released into the atmosphere through a variety of excretory processes. To reduce methane emissions, research on the ways that various breeds of cattle are reared on different grazing regimes should be prioritized. The goal of the current study was to measure the weight gain and intestinal methane emission of Nguni and Bonsmara cows grown under various grazing conditions. Eighty-four cows belonging to the 2 grazing systems were randomly selected and grouped according to three age groups: A (young adult cow, n = 7, 24–48 months), B (adult, n = 7, 60–80 months), and C (old adult, n = 7, 90–120 months) are three different age groups for adult cows. Methane production was higher per head in older animals, with C producing the most, followed by B and A (C &gt; B &gt; A; P 0.0001). In Bonsmara, body condition, body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), and daily methane were all higher ( P 0.05). Nguni had more methane per pound of weight ( P 0.05), although methane per kilogram of body mass ( P &gt; 0.05) was similar across breeds. In the commercial system, body condition, BW, and DMI were higher ( P 0.05). On the other hand, communal grazing resulted in increased daily methane production, methane per DMI, and methane produced per BW. These findings support the notion that breed genetics, grazing system, and age all have an impact on methane levels and performance. So, all these aspects must be taken into account in breeding strategies for traits like methane production that are challenging to assess.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effects of Eye-Closure and “Ear-Closure” on Recall of Visual and Auditory Aspects of a Criminal Event

Previous research has shown that closing the eyes can facilitate recall of semantic and episodic information. Here, two experiments are presented which investigate the theoretical underpinnings of the eye-closure effect and its auditory equivalent, the “ear-closure” effect. In Experiment 1, participants viewed a violent videotaped event and were subsequently interviewed about the event with eyes open or eyes closed. Eye-closure was found to have modality-general benefits on coarse-grain correct responses, but modality-specific effects on fine-grain correct recall and incorrect recall (increasing the former and decreasing the latter). In Experiment 2, participants viewed the same event and were subsequently interviewed about it, either in quiet conditions or while hearing irrelevant speech. Contrary to expectations, irrelevant speech did not significantly impair recall performance. This null finding might be explained by the absence of social interaction during the interview in Experiment 2. In conclusion, eye-closure seems to involve both general and modality-specific processes. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Topic: Memory Processes and Influences
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences