jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Clathrin Adaptor AP-1 and Type II Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase are Required for Glue Granule Biogenesis in Drosophila

Regulated secretion of hormones, digestive enzymes and other biologically active molecules requires formation of secretory granules. However, the molecular machinery required for secretory granule biogenesis is incompletely understood. I used powerful genetic approaches available in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the factors required for biogenesis of mucin-containing âglue granules,â which form within epithelial cells of the third-instar larval salivary gland. I discovered that clathrin and the clathrin adaptor protein complex (AP-1), as well the enzyme type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII), are indispensable for glue granule biogenesis.\nClathrin and AP-1 are necessary for maturation of exocrine, endocrine and neuroendocrine secretory granules in mammalian cells. I found that Drosophila clathrin and AP-1 colocalize at the TGN and that clathrin recruitment requires AP-1. I further showed that clathrin and AP-1 colocalize with secretory cargo at the TGN and on glue granules. Finally, I demonstrated that loss of clathrin or AP-1 leads to a profound block in secretory granule biogenesis. These findings establish a novel role for AP-1/clathrin-dependent trafficking in the formation of mucin-containing secretory granules.\nType II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) generates the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the trans-Golgi network and is required to recruit cargo to endosomes in mammalian cells. I generated null mutations in the sole Drosophila PI4KII and demonstrated a role for PI4KII in both glue granule and pigment granule biogenesis. PI4KII mutant salivary gland cells exhibit small glue granules and mislocalize glue protein to abnormally large late endosomes. Additionally, PI4KII mutants exhibit altered distribution of the granule specific SNARE, SNAP-24. These data point to a crucial role for PI4KII in sorting of regulated secretory products during granule biogenesis. Together, my results indicate that the larval salivary gland is a valuable system for investigating molecular mechanisms involved in secretory granule biogenesis, and provide a framework for future studies using this system.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Conditions to Facilitate the Evolvability of Digital Proteins

A set of conditions is presented to enhance the evolvability of an artificial core memory programming system. A digital protein (CPU) composed of a sequence of digital amino acids (instructions) is considered, and a set of implementation criteria is given to maximize the functionality and evolvability of proteins. Next, for a case study, we present the basic design of an ALife system named SeMar. The design of SeMar proteins (elementary instructions and a register architecture) is optimized considering the above conditions. 1 Introduction Evolution is a transition from one self-reproducing genotype to another self-reproducing genotype. If the two genotypes are located apart in the genotype space, the transition can never happen in an appropriate waiting time, so for one species to evolve from another, both species must be connected by a sequence of species (genotypes) which are selfreproducing and slightly different from each other. Figure 1: Symbolized figures of distributions...

Topic: Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Attitudes of the Student Teachers in English Language Teaching Programs towards Microteaching Technique

This paper evaluates the attitudes of student teachers towards microteaching experiences. The research was conducted with a total of 57 fourth year students attending the ELT Department at Trakya University, in Turkey. The data were collected via a Likert type scale developed by the researcher. The research results were evaluated regarding the benefits and disadvantages of microteaching. The findings revealed that the ELT students at Trakya University in general held positive attitudes towards microteaching applications with regard to its effectiveness for professional development, self-assessment, self-confidence, material production, and teaching experiences in various courses in which students are of different ages and linguistic levels.

Topic: Education and Technology Integration
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fabrication of epitaxial tunnel junction on tunnel field effect transistors

We experimentally demonstrated that the TFET performance drastically improved owing to the enhanced electric field at the edges of the structures. The concept of SE-TFET can also be universally applied to devices fabricated from Ge or III -V semiconductors. By improving the quality of the epitaxial tunnel junctions, TFET performance can be improved for the p- and n -type FinFET-type SE-TFET.

Topic: Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Shear assessment of prestressed concrete bridges

The shear capacity of existing concrete structures is often unable to meet current standards requirements. This can be due to inadequacies in shear design provisions at the time of the original design, deterioration of materials, increased load requirements and higher demand in shear capacity owing to flexural strengthening. However, assessment methods are often conservative, and the actual strength may be sufficient to sustain the specified load. This paper describes the results of an experimental investigation into the shear capacity of prestressed concrete bridge beams post-tensioned transversely to form a deck. It is shown that the ultimate shear capacity of these structures can be significantly greater than suggested by the relevant standards. Analytical models based on the upper-bound theorem of plasticity theory are successfully applied, resulting in realistic predictions. Use of the proposed methodology would allow significant savings, as the cost associated with replacing or strengthening the structure can be avoided or minimised, encouraging a sustainable approach.

Topic: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Joint $q$-moments and shift invariance for the multi-species $q$-TAZRP on the infinite line

This paper presents a novel method for computing certain particle locations in the multi-species $q$-TAZRP (totally asymmetric zero range process). The method is based on a decomposition of the process into its discrete-time embedded Markov chain, which is described more generally as a monotone process on a graded partially ordered set; and an independent family of exponential random variables. A further ingredient is explicit contour integral formulas for the transition probabilities of the $q$-TAZRP. The main result of this method is a shift invariance for the multi-species $q$-TAZRP on the infinite line. By a previously known Markov duality result, these particle locations are the same as joint $q$-moments. One particular special case is that for step initial conditions, ordered multi-point joint $q$-moments of the $n$-species $q$-TAZRP match the $n$-point joint $q$-moments of the single-species $q$-TAZRP. Thus, we conjecture that the Airy$_2$ process describes the joint multi-point fluctuations of multi-species $q$-TAZRP. As a probabilistic application of this result, we find explicit contour integral formulas for the joint $q$-moments of the multi-species $q$-TAZRP in the diffusive scaling regime.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Performance of vertically coupled backside fiber-optic interconnections to GaAs

A vertical coupling technique suited for dense fiber-optic interconnection of two-dimensional device arrays in GaAs has recently been developed. It uses cavities etched in the backside of the wafer to align each fiber to a diaphragm photodetector (DPD) fabricated on the front-surface epitaxial layers. Operation of the fiber-pigtailed DPDs is described. Enhanced optoelectronic performance due to the backside approach as well as the capability of addressing interconnect arrays with approximately 10 fibers/mm/sup 2/ is reported.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptive Synchronization of Chaotic Brushless DC Motors with Uncertain System Parameters Based on Lyapunov Stability theory

The adaptive synchronization problem of chaotic Brushless DC motors with uncertain system parameters via controller and update law is investigated by using Lyapunov stability theory. The adaptive control are firstly proposed, and then by using numerical simulations we proofed the validity and reliability of the control method. Our study can solve the synchronization and the motors coordination problem in manufacturing industry.

Topic: Chaos control and synchronization
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Technological Change and Innovations in Microfinance Institutions: What Matters?

Usage of technology that serves to improve organizational efficiency among financial service providers has substantially increased during the past decade. Similarly, a large number of microfinance institutions (MFIs) have incorporated technological innovation in their operations to provide clients with better financial services. To understand the determinants of technological change in MFIs, this study investigated various factors, including sources of funds, institutional characteristics (IC) and macroeconomic factors. Using longitudinal data (2009–2014) from the microfinance industry in Bangladesh, this study estimated the Malmquist Productivity Index (non-parametric) to decompose the technological change at the first stage. This index was then used as a dependent variable in the second stage to regress against certain independent variables. Overall, it was found that the microfinance industry in Bangladesh observed regression in technological change; however, technological change could be improved by promoting peer borrowing among MFIs. Apart from that, greater autonomy through decentralization of MFI branches could also stimulate technological progress. Interestingly, MFIs located in Dhaka have experienced better technological progress than MFIs located in other parts of the country, which signifies the importance of location. Additionally, the findings also revealed a gap in transfer of technological knowledge from commercial banks to the MFIs that they fund.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Ventricular arrhythmias late after aortic and/or mitral valve replacement.

Since it is not yet known whether ventricular arrhythmias in patients with valve replacement are associated with an increased risk of sudden death, as in patients with coronary artery disease, a total of 46 patients who were long-term survivors of aortic and/or mitral valve replacement were examined with 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, and the factors influencing the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. The significance of ventricular arrhythmias in the prognosis of valve replacement is discussed. The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher: 1) in patients with aortic stenosis than in those with aortic regurgitation, 2) in patients with multiple valve surgery than in those with single valve replacement and 3) in patients with larger heart size. Pre- and postoperative hemodynamics, including left ventricular function, were not significantly related to the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. A review of the patients who died suddenly, late after valve replacement suggests that frequent ventricular arrhythmias and thromboembolism are the most important factors in the late mortality of these patients. The prognostic significance of postoperative ventricular arrhythmias in patients with valve replacement requires additional study.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A JWST Medium Resolution MIRI Spectrum and Models of the Type Ia supernova 2021aefx at +415 d

We present a JWST MIRI/MRS spectrum (5-27 $\mathrmμ$m) of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), SN 2021aefx at $+415$ days past $B$-band maximum. The spectrum, which was obtained during the iron-dominated nebular phase, has been analyzed in combination with previous JWST observations of SN 2021aefx, to provide the first JWST time series analysis of an SN Ia. We find the temporal evolution of the [Co III] 11.888 $\mathrmμ$m feature directly traces the decay of $^{56}$Co. The spectra, line profiles, and their evolution are analyzed with off-center delayed-detonation models. Best fits were obtained with White Dwarf (WD) central densities of $ρ_c=0.9-1.1\times 10^9$g cm$^{-3}$, a WD mass of M$_{\mathrm{WD}}$=1.33-1.35M$_\odot$, a WD magnetic field of $\approx10^6$G, and an off-center deflagration-to-detonation transition at $\approx$ 0.5 $M_\odot$ seen opposite to the line of sight of the observer (-30). The inner electron capture core is dominated by energy deposition from $γ$-rays whereas a broader region is dominated by positron deposition, placing SN 2021aefx at +415 d in the transitional phase of the evolution to the positron-dominated regime. The formerly `flat-tilted' profile at 9 $\mathrmμ$m now has significant contribution from [Ni IV], [Fe II], and [Fe III] and less from [Ar III], which alters the shape of the feature as positrons excite mostly the low-velocity Ar. Overall, the strength of the stable Ni features in the spectrum is dominated by positron transport rather than the Ni mass. Based on multi-dimensional models, our analysis is consistent with a single-spot, close-to-central ignition with an indication for a pre-existing turbulent velocity field, and excludes a multiple-spot, off-center ignition.

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
MAGIC Observations of the Unidentified γ-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130

We observed the first known very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitting\nunidentified source, TeV J2032+4130, for 94 hours with the MAGIC telescope. The\nsource was detected with a significance of 5.6 sigma. The flux, position, and\nangular extension are compatible with the previous ones measured by the HEGRA\ntelescope system five years ago. The integral flux amounts to\n(4.5+-0.3stat+-0.35sys)x10^{-13} ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ above 1 TeV. The source\nenergy spectrum, obtained with the lowest energy threshold to date, is\ncompatible with a single power law with a hard photon index of\nGamma=-2.0+-0.3stat+-0.2sys.\n

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Seismic Noise from Gornergletscher, Switzerland (Summer 2007)

This is a subset of open access data from the following reference; please cite accordingly: Walter, F. (2009). Seismic activity on gornergletscher during gornersee outburst floods. Dissertation, 31(1-2), 14–27. https://doi.org/10 .1007/BF03322148 Curated by T. Sawi for the manuscript (in submission), "An Unsupervised Machine-Learning Approach to Understanding Seismicity at an Alpine Glacier" (2022) by T. Sawi; B. Holtzman; M. Nettles; F. Walter; J. Paisley; submitted to JGR: Earth Surface in August 2022. This data set contains sixty-second samples of glacial seismic noise (N=1,478) from the vertical channel of a Geospace GS-11D geophone operating in shallow borehole at Gornergletscher between June 14 and July 22, 2007. Sampling rate is 1000 samples per second, and the natural frequency of the instrument is around 8 Hz. An STA/LTA filter has been applied to remove records with prominent icequakes in them, although many smaller icequakes remain in the records. Waveform files are named after their event origin time in format 7{MDhms}. For example, waveform "70614004000.sac" occurred on June 14 00:40:00, 2007.<br>

Topic: Seismic Waves and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermodynamic and Hydrogen-Bonding Analyses of the Interaction between Model Lipid Bilayers

This paper presents further analysis of a system containing two graphene plates with attached phosphatidylcholine lipid headgroups embedded in water, which models a lipid bilayer. Previously, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on this system, calculated the potential of mean force (PMF) between plates (Eun, C.; Berkowitz, M. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 13222-13228), and also performed a structural analysis of water in the confined space between the plates. Here, we perform thermodynamic analysis of the PMF and, in addition to the previous analysis of water that considered density plots and the OH bond orientational profiles, we perform hydrogen bonding analysis of water. We show that the structural analysis of water is consistent with the thermodynamic results we obtained for the PMF.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Glycosylation in Golgi apparatus of early spermatids of rat. A high resolution lectin cytochemical study.

In the present study, lectin cytochemistry in combination with enzyme and chemical treatments and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry were applied to investigate the formation of acrosomal glycoproteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) of early rat spermatids. In addition, the vesicles involved in glycoprotein traffic were investigated using a monoclonal antibody against clathrin. The results obtained suggest the occurrence of high mannose and complex type N-linked oligosaccharides and mucin type O-linked oligosaccharides. In N-linked glycoproteins, Man residues are incorporated into the nascent oligosaccharide in the ER, Fuc residues of the inner core of the oligosaccharide in the cis region of GA, GlcNAc in medial cisternae of GA and Gal residues in the transmost cisternae of GA. In O-linked glycoproteins, the addition of GalNAc occurs in cis and trans cisternae of GA. Gal beta 1,3GalNAc sequence was detected in medial and trans cisternae of GA. Sialic acid was detected in both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides in medial and trans cisternae of GA but not in acrosomes. Immunoreactivity to clathrin was observed in the intermediate zone between ER and GA and in vesicles of the trans side of GA.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Evaluation of Using Faculty and Administrators as Volunteer Counselors in a Small College Setting

A survey comparison between two types of small college counseling services found that while students' awareness and usage were equivalent, significant differences were found in students' expectancies, referral patterns and counselee satisfaction. The relationship between conselee help-seeking preferences and the utilization of professional volunteers as counselors is discussed.

Topic: Service-Learning and Community Engagement
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reactivity of fly ash in the presence of chemical activators

The hydration of a fly ash - Portland cement blend (70/30 by mass) without and with the addition of activators (potassium sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium oxalate and potassium citrate) was examined. Measurements of setting time and strength were performed as well as analyses of the hydrate assemblages and of the composition of the pore solution. The influence of the activators on fly ash reactivity was determined using a pozzolanity test in combination with thermodynamic modelling, which allowed the calculation of the reaction degree of the fly ash. The activators enhanced compressive strength at early age, but decreased strength at late age. All activators increased pH and decreased thus the calcium concentrations in the pore solution. Higher undersaturation with respect to alite led to a faster reaction of alite and thus to early setting and a high early strength. On the long term, the high alkali concentrations lowered compressive strength. Thermodynamic modelling indicated that the high pH values due to the high alkali concentrations destabilized ettringite. The pozzolanic reaction of the fly ash could be enhanced by some of the activators, which seems to be mainly an influence of the increased pH values.

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Oil and seed yields affected by sowing dates and irrigation regimes applied in growth phenological stages of safflower

Abstract Research establishing optimal sowing dates and irrigation can help to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.). The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of sowing date and irrigation quantity on safflower traits. Irrigation treatments were applied based on crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) at the vegetative, flowering, and capitulum development stages. Evapotranspiration increased as the number of irrigations increased. Morphological, yield and oil traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly higher in the early than in late sowing. Grain yield varied from 440 to 1,460 kg ha −1 in early and from 340 to 1,240 kg ha −1 in late sowing dates. Oil yield of early sown safflower varied between 188.56 and 338.84 kg ha −1 and between 24.4 and 308.82 kg ha −1 in late sowing. The oil yield of one supplemental irrigation in the vegetative stage (I1V treatment) was significantly lower than in treatments with two (I2VF, vegetative and flowering stages) and three supplemental irrigations (I3VFG, vegetative, flowering, and capitulum development stages) in early sowing. In late sowing, the oil yield of I2VF was higher than other irrigation treatments. The range of saving irrigation water in I1 treatments was from 57.0 to 83.0% in early sowing but with a corresponding 30.0 to 66.0% reduction in grain yield compared with full irrigation treatment. For most of the tested traits, irrigation in the vegetative and especially flowering stages improved safflower yield and WUE, and thus can be an alternative irrigation strategy for water conservation in dry regions.

Topic: Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences