jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constructing Social Reality in Organizational Decision Making

Communication during organizational decision making has often been treated as information exchange, and when social constructionist orientations have been assumed, these have focused on communication related to decision making rather than on talk during decision-making interactions. Shotter’s rhetorical-responsive social constructionist approach is applied to analyzing a faculty senate’s discussion on whether or not to implement a culture and ethnic diversity requirement. This study examines decision-making talk and how, during decision making, participants socially construct a diversity requirement. The vocabularies of diversity and requirement function to define the resolution and allow faculty to demonstrate accountability in different ways. The meanings of these vocabularies are discursively negotiated during decision making; this process reveals competing vocabularies and ambiguity. The conflict over the diversity requirement was resolved through a substitute resolution that reaffirmed the nature of the university as an institutional organization through the vocabulary of good faith. This study shows how decision-making talk constitutes organizations.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The immunosuppressant FK506 selectively inhibits expression of early T cell activation genes.

Abstract FK506, a neutral macrolide with immunosuppressive properties, was shown to selectively and rapidly inhibit the accumulation of IL-2 mRNA, as well as the mRNAs of other early (E) phase T cell activation genes such as IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF, TNF alpha, IFN-gamma, and c-myc in activated human peripheral blood T cells. The activity of FK506, when compared to Cyclosporin A, another immunosuppressant, was 10 to 100x more potent in its ability to inhibit IL-2 mRNA synthesis. FK506 inhibited IL-2 mRNA accumulation in Con A, Con A plus PMA, Ionomycin plus PMA, anti-CD3, and anti-CD3 plus PMA activated T cells. Transcripts from other T cell gene classes such as the immediate early (IE) phase gene, c-fos, the late phase (L) genes, transferrin receptor, IL-2R alpha-chain, and TNF-beta, and the constitutive class genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and class I MHC HLA-B7 were not affected by FK506. The macrolide Rapamycin, which is structurally related to FK506, had no inhibitory effect on IE, E, L, or constitutive class mRNAs, but it appeared to increase the levels of the E-phase transcripts that were inhibited in FK506 treated T cells. The effect of FK506 on inducible genes in non-T and non-lymphoid human cells was studied in LPS-induced monocytes and PMA or IL-1 activated synovial fibroblasts. FK506 did not affect expression of the mRNAs for IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta in human monocytes, or of stromelysin, collagenase, or TIMP in synovial fibroblasts. Nuclear run-off transcription studies indicate that FK506 inhibits transcription of the IL-2 gene. These studies suggest that Cyclosporin A and FK506 may effect a common early event in the T cell activation pathway.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial Thinking and the GIS User Interface

Geographic information science can be defined as the study of the fundamental issues of geographic information, and is often motivated by the need to improve geographic information technologies. One such issue concerns the design of the user interface, and the relationship between the tasks performed by the technologies on the one hand, and the concepts that humans use in thinking about those tasks on the other. Nowhere is this issue more important than in the design of GIS user interfaces and functionality. Recent efforts have led to a comprehensive understanding of the concepts of spatial thinking, and of how these concepts might form the basis for a much-improved functionality and user interface. The presentation summarizes those efforts, and points to a future in which GIS will be much easier to teach, master, and use.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification of Newly Transcribed <scp>RNA</scp>

Abstract Newly transcribed RNA can be identified using the nuclear runoff transcription assay. In this assay, isolated nuclei, free of membranes and cytoplasmic debris, are used in an in vitro transcription reaction in the presence of 32 P‐labeled UTP. The labeled RNA can then be hybridized to cDNAs immobilized on nitrocellulose. This unit describes three methods for isolating suitable nuclei by detergent lysis, Dounce homogenization, and centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Two Support Protocols describe the preparation of nitrocellulose filter strips containing double‐stranded and single‐stranded DNAs, which are used to detect the presence of specific transcripts in the nuclear runoff transcription assay.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on the Performance of Ag-Cu Bimetal SERS Substrate

SERS has become a powerful trace detection technology, but its practical application is often limited by the fixed optical properties of cast metals (Au, Ag and Cu). In this paper, the bimetallic nanostructures prepared by changing the metal content ratio can regulate the different optical responses of the substrate. In addition, it was found that the scale of moth wings (MW) with 3D grating-like uniform nanoarrays using bioscaffold can provide a consistently high-density ‘hot spot’ for the as-prepared plasmonic substrate. Here, two different methods (i) co-sputtered with different times and (ii) sputtered with sequentially alternating to form a stratified structure on the MW were employed for the fabrication of SERS-active substrates, and they were named AgCu@MW and Ag@Cu@MW, respectively. The comparison SERS measurement results of the above two substrates by using probe molecules R6G and MB show that the stratified structure of the Ag@Cu@MW-3 substrate has higher SERS performance. This strategy can not only prepare plasma substrates with on-demand optical responses but also provide new ideas for the preparation of conventional biomimetic nanomaterials.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deep Learning Approach for Spatial Extension of Traffic Sensor Points in Urban Road Network

Real-time monitoring of road traffic variables is essential for any effective control strategy in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Network-wide monitoring has increased importance in the current and future panorama due to the verge of adoption of smart mobility technologies, i.e. monitoring all links in a network is a general desired goal. However, installation and maintenance of sensors across the whole network are not cost-effective. Therefore, traffic networks are frequently suffering from the lack of well-operating and reliable traffic detectors. The paper proposes the employment of neural networks based models to virtualize the measurements on road links without detectors. The proposed method applies the measurements of monitored links as input to the deep learning model in order to estimate virtual measurements on the unmonitored road links. Several neural network models differing in architecture (Artificial Neural Network, Time Lagged Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory Neural Network) have been implemented and their hyper-parameterization were optimized using Bayesian search. The prediction techniques were developed and tested by using microscopic road traffic simulation.

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Scenarios for Europe’s media industry: employment trends and changing skills

Reports on a scenario exercise regarding the impact of digitisation on European media content industries, focusing on employment trends and changing skills. Concludes that the Internet will profoundly restructure but not destroy, existing industries. Highlights the needs for multidisciplinary and multimedia training programmes for the new digital age.

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Why indeed? Papineau on supervenience

Journal Article Why indeed? Papineau on supervenience Get access Tim Crane Tim Crane University College LondonGowerStreet, London WC1E 6BT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 51, Issue 1, January 1991, Pages 32–37, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/51.1.32 Published: 01 January 1991

Topic: Pragmatism in Philosophy and Education
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Differential regulation of belowground rhizospheric ecosystem by biological and chemical nitrogen supplies: implications for maize yield enhancement mechanisms

Abstract Nitrogen (N) content affects aboveground maize growth and nutrient absorption by altering the belowground rhizospheric ecosystem, impacting both yield and quality. However, the mechanisms through which different N supply methods (chemical and biological N supplies) regulate the belowground rhizospheric ecosystem to enhance maize yield remain unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a field experiment in northeast China, comprising three treatments: maize monocropping without N fertilizer application (MM), maize/alfalfa intercropping without N fertilizer application (BNF), and maize monocropping with N fertilizer application (CNS). The MM treatment represents the control, while the BNF treatment represents the biological N supply form, and CNS treatment represents the chemical N supply form. In the autumn of 2019, samples of maize and rhizospheric soil were collected to assess parameters including yield, rhizospheric soil characteristics, and microbial indicators. Both BNF and MM significantly increased maize yield and different yield components compared with MM, with no statistically significant difference in total yield between BNF and CNS. Furthermore, BNF significantly improved N by 12.61% and available N (AN) by 13.20% compared with MM. Furthermore, BNF treatment also significantly increased the Shannon index by 1.90%, while the CNS treatment significantly increased the Chao1 index by 28.1% and ACE index by 29.49%, with no significant difference between CNS and BNF. However, CNS had a more pronounced impact on structure of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community compared to BNF, inducing more significant fluctuations within the microbial network (modularity index and negative cohesion index). Regarding N transformation pathways predicted by bacterial functions, BNF significantly increased the N fixation pathway, while CNS significantly increased assimilatory nitrate reduction. In CNS, AN, NO 3 ‐N, NH 4 ‐N, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and community structure contributed significantly to maize yield, whereas in BNF, N fixation, community structure, community stability, NO 3 ‐N, and NH 4 ‐N played significant roles in enhancing maize yield. While CNS and BNF can achieve comparable maize yields in practical agricultural production, they have significantly different impacts on the belowground rhizosphere ecosystem, leading to different mechanisms of yield enhancement.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mutational analysis of the adeno-associated virus type 2 Rep68 protein helicase motifs

The adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) Rep78 and Rep68 proteins are required for viral replication. These proteins are encoded by unspliced and spliced transcripts, respectively, from the p5 promoter of AAV and therefore have overlapping amino acid sequences. The Rep78 and Rep68 proteins share a variety of activities including endonuclease, helicase, and ATPase activities and the ability to bind AAV hairpin DNA. The part of the amino acid sequence which is identical in Rep78 and Rep68 contains consensus helicase motifs that are conserved among the parvovirus replication proteins. In the present study, we mutated highly conserved amino acids within these helicase motifs. The mutant proteins were synthesized as maltose binding protein-Rep68 fusions in Escherichia coli cells and affinity purified on amylose resin. The fusion proteins were assayed in vitro, and their activities were directly compared to those of the fusion protein MBP-Rep68 delta, which contains most of the amino acid sequences common to Rep78 and Rep68 and was demonstrated previously to have all of the in vitro activities of wild-type Rep78 and Rep68. Our analysis showed that almost all mutations in the putative helicase motifs severely reduced or abolished helicase activity in vitro. Most mutants also had ATPase activity less than one-eighth of the wild-type levels and lacked endonuclease activity.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Prediction Method of Protein Disulfide Bond Based on Hybrid Strategy

A prediction method of protein disulfide bond based on support vector machine and sample selection is proposed in this paper. First, the protein sequences selected are en-coded according to a certain encoding, input data for the prediction model of protein disulfide bond is generated; Then sample selection technique is used to select a portion of input data as training samples of support vector machine; finally the prediction model training samples trained is used to predict protein disulfide bond. The result of simulation experiment shows that the prediction model based on support vector ma-chine and sample selection can increase the prediction accuracy of protein disulfide bond.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Separation techniques for distillery stillage treatment

The separation of stillage was tested by means of the pilot plantARNO600-BIO using three-channel ceramic membranes with the pore diameter range from microfiltration to ultrafiltration (1.4 µm-5 kDa). The permeate from the last membrane step was able to be recycled as technological water. The best results were achieved in the arrangement of series using 0.2 µm membrane as the first step supplemented by ultra-filtration membranes (50 kDa and 15 kDa), predominantly, where the reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) extended 80%. With this process, we try to get some advantages over the conventional process in terms of eliminating both land and energy costs for the wastewater treatment process and improving the quality of the discharge water. The main goal in this study is to analyse different separation steps and conditions to find both the best separation options for the decrease of the final volume of distillery stillage, and the way how to make the bio ethanol production more profitable.

Topic: Membrane Separation Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reflections on growing leadership capacity through formal training and mid-career peer connections

Abstract In this commentary, two alumni of the 2018 Society of Behavioral Medicine Mid-Career Leadership Institute reflect on their experiences in the year-long program. Each was at different stages of their career and went into the program for different reasons. One was seeking purpose and direction after being promoted to Associate Professor. The other had been awarded full professorship and was contemplating a career move into administration. Assigned to the same learning community within the institute, they stayed in touch through monthly peer-mentoring calls over the course of the year. These calls both reinforced what they learned during the leadership institute and provided a forum for brainstorming how to maximize their career opportunities and traverse their distinct career challenges. Both have since gone through significant career changes, thanks to the validation, inspiration, and support provided by the leadership institute. Both continue to reap the benefits from participating in the leadership institute as they navigate the new and exciting landscape of their changing careers.

Topic: Health and Medical Research Impacts
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The application of gene editing in treating cancer

Current gene editing technology mainly involves inserting, replacing or deleting DNA sequences to change the genetic material of an organism, and its most common aspects are using this technology to mass-produce some drugs, such as insulin, or using gene editing to change some nutrients in plants to help others. This article use a literature review and, expects to give an extensive outline of the utilizations of quality altering in medication, with a specific spotlight on its utilization in cancer disease treatment. The paper finds that gene editing technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of medicine, revolutionizing the treatment of diseases, including cancer and some systemic diseases. There are many different diseases in the world that currently have no cure, because medicine needs to go through many stages before it can be brought to market and given to people, but through gene editing technology can greatly help alleviate or even reverse these diseases. Other than that, this research deepens our understanding of biology, thereby contributing to the future connection between biotechnology development and medicine, and helping more patients with difficult and complex diseases.

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CFM: Confinement Force Microscopy-a dynamic, precise and stable microconfiner for traction force microscopy to study confined cell behaviour

Physical properties of the 3D microenvironment and the residing tissue affect cell behavior and function. 3D environment represents major physical obstacles for cell migration, such as spatial confinement, which could impact vital biological processes such as cell migration and division. It occurs through the cytoskeletal reorganization and subsequently impacts cell traction forces, which is known to direct cell decision-making. In vivo, cells undergo various biological processes under confinement successfully and it is not well-known yet, how they are capable of dealing with such complex conditions and accomplishing their tasks flawlessly. Hence, it is important to investigate the effect of confinement on different cell behaviors,&#13;\nwhile being able to measure the traction forces, to find the mechanism behind confined cell behavior. Unfortunately, the existing confinement methods cannot fulfill this requirement and there is an indispensable need for a 3D system, which is capable of mimicking the in vivo confined condition, as well as measuring the cell traction forces in confinement. To satisfy this need, we invented CFM (Confinement Force Microscopy), which enables us to adjust the confinement level during live imaging, as well as measuring the traction forces in confinement. We demonstrated the power of CFM by investigating mechanical response of different biological scales, from cell to the cancer spheroid and Drosophila embryos. We measured the mechanical properties of the cancer spheroids as well as the force production during various confined biological processes such as cell migration, cell death, cancer spheroid invasion and Drosophila embryo cellularization.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Companies Ordinance (Amendment) (No. 17) Law: Effects on the Alteration of the Objects Clause in a Company Memorandum

The Companies Ordinance (Amendment) (No. 17) Law, 1980, (hereinafter referred to as Amendment no. 17) has fundamentally reformed the legal status of the objects clause of a company memorandum. It is no exaggeration to say that this amendment constitutes the greatest reform effected in company law in Israel up to the present day. English Common Law regarded the objects clause as defining the capacity of the company, and not only the powers of those acting on its behalf. This approach, formulated at a time when it was impossible to alter the objects clause of the memorandum persisted even after the English legislature relented somewhat and permitted the objects to be altered, albeit with certain restrictions and according to a special procedure. This is still the approach in England today: the objects of the company are viewed as determining its capacity, and therefore, an act done in deviation from the objects is considered void, and cannot be ratified by the company, even if all the members wish to do so. At the same time, the European Communities Act 1972, affords protection to people transacting with the company in good faith, even in the case of a deviation from the objects (sec. 9(1)).

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Contemporary Jurisprudence and International Law

WORLD survival and progress in an atomic epoch depends on an effective international law.Yet several recent students of the subject conclude that any further attempt to improve international relations by legal means is not merely unrealistic and impractical, but also likely to result in more harm than good.Is this to be the final verdict?The purpose of this inquiry is to answer this question by analyzing the major contemporary theories of jurisprudence and their bearing on international law.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors affecting the link between physical discipline and child externalizing problems in Black and White families

We examined contextual factors that may affect the impact of physical discipline on later child behavior problems among high-risk Black and White families. We examined race, parental warmth, and early child problems as potential moderators of the discipline–behavior problem link. The sample included 442 White and Black children and their caregivers interviewed at ages 4, 6, and 8 years. Results indicated that physical discipline operated similarly across the groups, leading to increased externalizing problems only when children demonstrated behavioral problems early on. However, while warm parental attitudes protected against later problems among White children, these attitudes exacerbated early problems in Black children. These findings suggest both racial variability and generalizability in the effects of parenting on child adjustment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Economy of Description for Basic Constructions on Rational Transductions

The state complexities of basic constructions on rational transductions are investigated. Given rational transductions, described by rational transducers, and an operation thereon we consider the number of states that is sufficient and necessary in the worst case to describe the resulting transduction. In particular, tight bounds are shown for inversion, union, weak intersection, concatenation, reversal, homomorphism, and composition, i. e., for some of those operations under which rational transductions are closed.

Topic: semigroups and automata theory
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences