jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Early Production of Imperceptible Words by Infants and Toddlers Born Deaf or Blind

Abstract We investigate the roles of linguistic and sensory experience in the early-produced visual, auditory, and abstract words of congenitally-blind toddlers, deaf toddlers, and typically-sighted/hearing peers. We also assess the role of language access by comparing early word production in children learning English or American Sign Language (ASL) from birth, versus at a delay. Using parental report data on child word production from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory, we found evidence that while children produced words referring to imperceptible referents before age 2, such words were less likely to be produced relative to words with perceptible referents. For instance, blind (vs. sighted) children said fewer highly visual words like “blue” or “see”; deaf signing (vs. hearing) children produced fewer auditory signs like hear. Additionally, in spoken English and ASL, children who received delayed language access were less likely to produce words overall. These results demonstrate and begin to quantify how linguistic and sensory access may influence which words young children produce.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Discovery of curcumin heterocyclics containing sulphonamides for carbonic anhydrase inhibition and molecular docking studies

Curcumin is a multi-functional pharmacologically safe natural agent with proven cytoprotective effects to healthy human cells. In this study, a new series of 22 sulfonamides with curcumin scaffold were synthesized, characterized and investigated for their carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I (human) and II (bovine) isoforms. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were described by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. Curcumin-isoxazole conjugated sulfonamide showed the Ki value of 0.99 µM with highest inhibitory activity among all other synthesized compounds against hCA-I enzyme. Similarly enzyme kinetic studies of compounds like curcumin-isoxazole, curcumin-pyrazole, and curcumin-pyrimidine conjugated sulfonamide against bCAII enzyme showed Ki values of 0.71, 0.67 and 0.71 µM respectively. Our biological assays results showed that most of active compounds have similar inhibitory activities compared to standard acetazolamide drug. The molecular docking predicted binding modes showed that these compounds bind with hCA-1 enzyme in similar fashion.

Topic: Enzyme function and inhibition
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Competitive Protein Adsorption during Spray-drying

The aim of this thesis was to study competitive adsorption of milk proteins during spray-drying. For this purpose, a new surface sensitive method was developed which measures the quantitative amount of specific proteins at the powder surface. The new method is based on steady-state fluorescence measurement of pyrene labelled proteins with oxygen gas phase quenching at the powder surface. The milk proteins studied were bovine serum albumin (BSA), beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), beta-casein and micellar beta-casein. Beta-casein aggregated into micelle-like structures of size 20-30 nm, were assumed to resemble native casein submicelles. The proteins differ in their surface affinity, size and structure, and were therefore expected to show different adsorption properties to the droplet air-water interface during the spray-drying process. Protein adsorption was studied using dextran or lactose as the carbohydrate matrix. The influence of pH on the solutions prior to spray-drying was also studied for whey proteins, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate using the ESCA-technique. Furthermore, the surface coverage of proteins was correlated with the surface tension of the dried emulsions to elucidate the relationship between the surface tension at the air-water interface and the surface composition of the dried emulsions. Results showed that competitive protein adsorption occurs between the proteins during spray-drying. It was seen that the surface affinity and the adsorption dynamics (protein aggregate complexity and protein flexibility) is important for protein adsorption during spray-drying, particularly at high concentrations. Beta-casein was found to be the most competitive protein, and dominated at the powder surface when spray-dried together with beta-Lg. In an aggregated form the competitiveness of micellar beta-casein was weaker compared to monomeric beta-casein. When micellar beta-casein was spray-dried together with beta-Lg, beta-Lg dominated at a low bulk concentration whereas at higher concentrations the presence of micellar beta-casein at the surface was comparable to beta-Lg. The whey proteins beta-Lg and BSA were found the be equal in their competitiveness during spray-drying. The change of pH in the solutions was shown to not affect the whey proteins with respect to surface coverage. However, both calcium caseinate and sodium caseinate showed an increased surface coverage with an increasing pH. The expected correlation between surface coverage and surface tension, ( i.e. the most surface active protein will give the largest surface coverage) was found for whey proteins and sodium caseinate, whereas for calcium caseinate this correlation was weaker.

Topic: Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of fast neutrons on the eye.

The study of 93 eyes receiving neutron irradiation establishes the character of the ophthalmic complications of neutron. Significant changes are produced in the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea, but the production of cataract is relatively unimportant. No reaction was seen after neutron treatment that had not already been seen after chi or gamma radiation. That the unavoidable damage is similar to that reported with other forms of radiation, and not worse, is an important finding in view of the statistically significant benefit of neutron treatment to patients in a controlled clinical trial of advanced tumours of the head and neck (Catterall and others, 1975). The observations indicate that the improved cure rates with neutrons are not obtained at the expense of inflicting greater damage to normal structures. This investigation has also shown that the neutron effects of treating these very extensive tumours are acceptable and that, with carefully measured doses, they are predictable. The dose-response relationship in categories of clinical effect for a smaller series of patients, reported in Table 1 of our preliminary communication (Brown and other, 1976), is confirmed.

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube films

Thermoelectric generators are solid state machines used to convert temperature gradients into electrical energy. They are formed by several thermoelectric units connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. These units are made by creating a junction between a p-type and an n-type conductor. This investigation documents the characterisation of the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) films and the fabrication process of carbon nanotube-based thermoelectric devices. The Seebeck coefficient is a intrinsic property of a thermoelectric material that correlates the voltage produced by a conductor and the temperature gradient applied to it. To measure the Seebeck coefficient of films, an experimental set-up was fabricated and calibrated using constantan as standard material. CNT films of aligned nanotubes fabricated using a chemical vapour deposition method were analysed. The Seebeck coefficient along and across the samples did not show significant variations, with values between 40$\mu$V/K and 80$\mu$V/K. Using these CNT films, thermoelectric cells were fabricated with the CNT as the p-type conductor and constantan as the n-type. As a proof of concept, two hand-made thermoelectric generators were assembled by connecting hundreds of these thermoelectric cells. These devices were subjected to a temperature gradient of $\approx$200K, which was enough to produce enough power to light an LED. Other analytical techniques were used to characterise the materials used in this work. Electrical conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Using a deposition technique, films of nanotubes were produced from a liquid phase. The impact of the production method on their properties was evaluated. Characterisation equipment was developed to measure the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. Thermoelectric devices made with the carbon nanotube films were fabricated and characterised. The values of thermal conductivity of the CNT films analysed in this work are between 0.86Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$. The electrical conductivity of these materials is between 3500Sm$^{-1}$ and 14100Sm$^{-1}$. The maximum figure of merit of the carbon nanotube thermoelectric devices fabricated in this work is $ZT$=0.35.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of Evidence-Based COVID-19 Safety Protocols for Practice in Dental Schools and Their Application for Future General Practice.

As COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, initially spread worldwide, limited information was available about the nature and modes of transmission of the virus. Scientific guidance on how to prevent transmission and the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in dental settings, was lacking. Consequently, the dental community became highly anxious about the possible risk of transmission in dental settings. Because of the uncertainties regarding safety measures needed to practice safely, clinical operations at many dental schools were reduced to emergency services only. Some clinics reopened for expanded services later in the spring or summer of 2020 after COVID-19 safety protocols were adopted. This article reviews the evidence that was used to develop COVID-19 safety protocols at two dental schools: University of California San Francisco and Temple University. The policies were aimed at ensuring safety for all dental personnel and patients receiving dental care at the schools. At these two academic dental institutions there have been no reports of SARS-CoV-2 transmission due to exposure while dental care was being provided or received. This is a testament to the COVID-19 safety protocols put in place for the provision of dental care with minimized risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
(124) SUBFERTILITY RISK IN MALE SIBLINGS OF PEDIATRIC BILATERAL INGUINAL SURGERY PATIENTS

Abstract Introduction Cryptorchidism, a condition linked to male infertility, often presents with bilateral undescended testicles in about 10% of cases. While surgery aims to preserve fertility, genetic predispositions to sub-fertility among brothers of those who had pediatric bilateral inguinal surgery remain under explored. Objective In this study, we compared fertility outcomes between males who had bilateral inguinal surgery for hernias or undescended testes and their brothers, hypothesizing a higher sub-fertility risk among brothers of pediatric bilateral orchiopexy patients. Methods A statewide database that combines demographic, medical, and residential data for over 90% of the state's pediatric population was used. Our cohort were patients who underwent B/L IHR or BO prior to age 18, and their brothers born within 10 years of the B/L IHR or BO cases. A logistic regression model with clustering on family was performed to assess the likelihood for male siblings to develop male factor infertility controlling for time in Utah since 1996, infertility in the spouse, or unidentified partner data. A mixed-effect Poisson regression with the same parameters was used to assess the number of children in each group. Results 1019 B/L IHR siblings (627 cases), 360 BO siblings (221 cases), were identified from 1996-2022. The BO sibling cohort was majority white (93.6%), non-Hispanic (74.5%), and 32.5% of the cohort had at least 1 child. Regression analysis revealed brothers of BO patients had a higher likelihood of infertility (2.2% vs. 0.4% IHR-brother, P = 0.004) and their odds of infertility trended towards a higher likelihood (HR = 0.73, [0.3-2.0], P = 0.5) when compared to B/L IHR-brother (HR = 0.2, [0.1-0.6], P = 0.004). While not statistically significant for the BO cohort, this would suggest a trend towards a genetic association. Conclusions BO shows a genetic influence on sub-fertility, with increased infertility diagnoses among male siblings versus B/L IHR. Conversely, male siblings of B/L IHR patients exhibit significantly lower infertility rates, suggesting surgery-related factors predominate in adulthood infertility diagnoses post-pediatric B/L IHR. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: StreamDx, Inherent Bioscience, Turtle Health, Maimus, Carrot Fertility.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes from Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Spasticity

Objective: The effects of botulinum toxin injections (BoNT) on health-related quality of life along the complex spectrum of spasticity needs further characterization to guide practitioners in a real-life therapeutic environment. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 50 consecutive and unselected patients with spasticity before and four weeks after re-injection of botulinum toxin. Health-related quality of life in terms of the EuroQol (EQ) as well as further motor and non-motor characteristics were assessed. Results: BoNT improved the EQ visual analog scale (EQ VAS). In addition, state of health and pain maxima improved. The EQ VAS improvement correlated with pre-injection characteristics of the EQ VAS and life satisfaction in the “movement disorders” domain. Conclusion: EQ VAS is sensitive for monitoring HR-QoL outcomes in an unselected real life observational cohort. This study may inform future studies intended to validate prediction variables that could inform on HR-QoL effects of BoNT treatment in spasticity.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of 1 Year of Growth Hormone Therapy on Serum Lipoprotein Levels in Growth Hormone–Deficient Adults

Abstract We investigated the influence of gender and apoE and apo(a) phenotypes as well as the effect of the metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) on the effect of GH therapy on serum lipoprotein concentrations in GH-deficient (GHD) adults. Forty-four consecutive patients, 30 men and 14 women aged 46.5 (range, 19 to 76) years with GHD due mainly to pituitary tumors, were treated with recombinant human GH for 12 months. Serum concentrations of lipoproteins, insulin, thyroxine, and insulin-like growth factor–I were determined, body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance, and apo(a) and apoE phenotypes were analyzed. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations in the GHD subjects were compared with a gender- and apo(a) phenotype–matched control group. After 12 months of GH treatment, the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apoB concentrations decreased, the HDL cholesterol and apoE concentrations increased, and the apoA-I and triglyceride concentrations were unchanged. Before treatment, the Lp(a) concentration was similar to that in the control group. However, after 12 months of treatment, the Lp(a) concentration had increased by 44% and 101% above baseline and the control group, respectively. Men and women responded differently to GH, with a more marked increase in Lp(a) concentration and fat-free mass and a more pronounced decrease in body-fat mass in men. Apo(a) phenotypes had no major influence on the effect of GH therapy. The only significant difference between apoE phenotypes was a higher baseline Lp(a) concentration among apoE4 heterozygotes. Changes in body composition, insulin, insulin-like growth factor–I, and thyroxine concentrations explained at most 27% of the changes that occurred in serum lipoprotein levels during GH treatment. The effects of GH therapy on serum lipoprotein levels and body composition in GHD adults were dependent in part on gender or current sex hormone therapy. However, no major influence by apo(a) or apoE phenotype or changes in metabolic variables were detected on the effects of GH therapy on serum lipoprotein levels.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CSD 1877838: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of the Relationship between Circadian Blood Pressure Variation and Left Atrial Function Using Strain Imaging

Strain and strain rate acquired from color Doppler tissue imaging demonstrate exaggerated reservoir and booster pump function in never-treated, non-dipper hypertensive patients. These methods are simple and sensitive for the early detection of subtle changes in the left atrial function.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Other Topics

Here we round up three topics not covered elsewhere in the book. The first is embedded tense, which gives rise to two main puzzles: sequence of tense (embedded past tense that seems not to be interpreted) and double access (embedded present tense that seems to be anchored both to the utterance time and to the matrix evaluation time). We discuss theories of tense in attitude reports that grapple with these puzzles. The second topic is Neg Raising: sometimes, a negated attitude report seems to be interpreted as though the negation were embedded in the complement clause (e.g., a salient reading of Beatrix doesn’t think it’s raining is Beatrix thinks that it’s not raining). We discuss syntactic solutions (negation is pronounced high but interpreted low) as well as semantic/pragmatic solutions (the unexpected interpretation is the result of a semantic or pragmatic inference). Finally, the third topic is intensional transitive verbs, which create attitude reports with ordinary direct objects rather than complement clauses (e.g., Beatrix wants a frisbee or Beatrix is looking for Polly). We discuss the implications of such sentences for the status of intensionality in grammar.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Repellency of Plant-Derived Insecticide against Brinjal and Pepper Pest Populations

The study was carried out on the Evaluation of repellency of plant-derived insecticide against brinjal and pepper pest populations. Two crops brinjal and pepper were sown separately and sprayed with Neem Seed Extract against whitefly, jassid, aphid, borer and predators. The population was significantly higher 3.70 whitefly/ leaf on brinjal variety F1-advanta-305 as compared to PPL 3.10/ leaf and Black long 3.31/ leaf respectively recorded on 20th January. Similarly, the population was relatively higher was 2.86, 2.72 and 2.44 jassid/ leaf on F1-advanta-305, PPL and Black long varieties respectively on 25th January. Aphid population was slightly higher 2.79, 2.39 and 2.26/ leaf on Black long, F1-advanta-305 and PPL varieties respectively. Likewise, the predator population was higher 2.26, 1.99 and 1.94/ plant on brinjal varieties of F1-advanta-305, Black long and PLL respectively on 4th February. The population was significantly higher 6.33, 5.28 and 4.8 whiteflies/ leaf on Talhari, Moro chilly and Mirch shehzadi respectively on pepper varieties on 25th January. Similarly, the jassid population was relatively higher 1.89, 1.83 and 1.79/ leaf on Moro chilly, Talhari and Mirch shehzadi respectively on 19th February. The population was higher 3.24, 3.04 and 2.58 aphids/ leaf on Talhari, Moro chilly and Mirch shezadi varieties respectively on 25th January. The predators’ population was higher 1.61, 1.53 and 1.33/ plant on Moro chilly, Talhari and Mirch shezadi varieties respectively on 9th February. Since pest population increased beyond ETL on 25th January. Therefore 2% neem seed extract was applied. These applications kept the pest population below ETL.

Topic: Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evolution\nof Oxidizing Inorganic Metal Salts: Ultrafast\nLaser Initiation Materials Based on Energetic Cationic Coordination\nPolymers

An\neffective and novel design strategy for ultrafast laser-initiating\nmaterials has been established on the basis of coordination chemistry\nfor the first time in the present work. In view of the positive effect\nof Ag ion and perchlorate on laser sensitivity, silver perchlorate\nas a representative of oxidizing inorganic metal salts was used to\nconstruct energetic cationic coordination polymers (ECCPs), which\nsolved the inconvenient situation caused by the difficulty in applying\nthese salts directly in energetic materials because of the unavoidable\nhygroscopicity and the inhomogeneity of physical mixtures of oxidants\nand reductants. With the nonenergetic nitrogen-rich ligand 3-amino-1&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-1,2,4-triazole-5-carbohydrazide (ATCA), one new laser-sensitive\nAg­(I)-based ECCP [Ag­(ATCA)­ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;) was successfully synthesized with a compact helical\nstructure proved by X-ray single-diffraction crystal data. The physicochemical\nproperty evaluation revealed that this Ag-ECCP was not only completely\ndevoid of the undesirable properties of the silver perchlorate and\ndisplayed excellent tolerance to moisture and noncorrosive properties\nto metal shells, but was also endowed with good thermal stability\nand excellent safety for mechanical stimulation. Moreover, theoretical\ncalculations based on the standard molar enthalpy of formation and\nthe lead plate explosive test as the actual damage experiment have\nproved that the compound has a superior detonation performance (up\nto 6800 m s&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; and 0.511 kcal g&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to the traditional primary explosives. More importantly,\nthe laser-initiation-experiment-based femtosecond laser-testing system\nand high-speed photography demonstrated that this ECCP was an energetic\nmaterial with great potential for application in the safety detonator\nas an ultrafast photosensitive initiating material for laser direct\ninitiation, whose initiation delay time is as low as 73 ms using only\n200 mJ initiation energy.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences