jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stress and Burnout in Postgraduate Physiotherapy Students: A Mixed Methods Observational Cohort Study

Abstract Background and Purpose: The impact of stress and burnout in students is an emerging topic. When students perceive that they are unable to cope with stressors, there is increased potential for burnout. To maximise students’ higher educational institution (HEI) outcomes, students must be able to effectively cope with stressful demands. Research suggests physiotherapy students, in particular, suffer from a high risk of stress and burnout, however limited research exists on postgraduate, pre-registration, physiotherapy students. The purpose of this study was to determine perceived stress, burnout and associated coping strategies across three time points in the first year of a post-graduate, pre-registration physiotherapy program. Subjects: All first year Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPHTY) students at Bond University 2019 were invited to participate. Methods: A mixed methods observational cohort design was implemented in one Australian HEI to determine stress, burnout and coping strategies across 3 time points. The 51-item self-administered questionnaire consisted of demographics, the Coping Self Efficacy (CSE) Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey for Students (MBI-GS (S)), and open-ended questions. Results: A response rate of 62% (n=38) was achieved. There were no differences in stress and burnout scores between sexes, nor differences in stress and burnout over time. Highest median CSE scores were seen at T1, with highest median MBI-GS (S) cynicism (CYN) scores at T2, exhaustion (EX) at T1 and T2, and professional efficacy (PE) at T1 and T2. The greatest mean CSE changes were seen from T1-T2 and T1-T3, and PE greatest changes from T2-T3 and T1-T3. No strong correlation was found between stress and burnout. Curriculum coursework was a frequently reported stressor, along with clinical placement and transition periods. Coping strategies utilized by students were both positive and maladaptive. Positive strategies included sporting activities, baking, listening to music, and social connections, whereas maladaptive strategies included alcohol consumption, excessive eating and gaming. Conclusion: Student consistently identified periods of stress and burnout, with curriculum coursework in particular being a trigger. Findings acknowledge the need for further investigation on sources of perceived stress, burnout and coping mechanisms to optimise student welfare and enhance HEI outcomes.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Training on Sharp Handling and Management among Health Workers in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Hospital sharps pose a substantial health risk to health workers, patients, waste collectors and the environment. Training has been used among health workers to improve safety at the work place. This study aimed to assess the effect of training on sharp handling and management among health workers in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State. Methodology: The study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in three phases. Data collection tools included an individual questionnaire, health facility questionnaire and an observatory checklist. Intervention was the training of health workers. Results: Mean ages of the health workers in the experimental and control groups were 42 ± 9.3 years and 40 ± 10.2 years respectively. Average year of practice was 16 ± 10.0years and 14 ± 11.0years in the experimental and control groups respectively. Mean knowledge scores increased from 11.4 ± 2.2 to 13.0 ± 1.8 (p < 0.0001) among the experimental group. There was a reduction in poor sharp management practices such as double handed needle recapping (from 79% to 32%, p<0.0001) and placement of sharps in open bins (from 22% to 9%, p=0.0004) among the experimental population compared to the control group. Sharp injuries reduced from 25 (26%) to 19 (17.6%) within six months post-intervention (p=0.13) among the experimental group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that training can improve health workers' knowledge and sharp management practices.

Topic: Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of Hearing Aids on Speech Perception in Mandarin-Speaking Children

Background. Severe hearing loss can affect speech perception in children, and hearing aids as a medical device may help improve speech perception in children. Objective. To explore the effects of fitting hearing aids (HAs) on speech perception in children with severe hearing loss (60–70 dB HL). Methods. Ninety-five children with bilateral severe hearing loss who were fitted bilaterally with HAs before the age of 3 years were followed up. The subjects were grouped according to their age at the time of fitting, i.e., &lt;1, 1–2 , and 2–3 years groups. The Mandarin Early Speech Perception test was used to evaluate speech perception of Mandarin monosyllabic words at 12, 24, and 36 months after fitting. Results. There were significant improvements in vowel, consonant, and tone perception scores from 12 to 36 months after fitting HAs in the three age groups, and the mean score at 36 months after fitting was significantly improved at &gt;85%. The mean speech pattern and spondee perception scores averaged at &gt;90% at 12 months after fitting and were comparable to the scores of 2-year-old children with normal hearing. Conclusions. HA helps with speech perception in children with severe hearing loss.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Postural Performance at Different Breathing Strategies in Patients with Limitation of Mobility.

We investigated the effect of different breathing strategies on postural performance in the patients with joint mobility limitations. The amplitude and velocity of thecenter-of-pressure movements in the frontal.and sagittal planes were measured by the force platform in48 healthy volunteers. The stability of vertical posture was estimated during normal breathing, inspiratory and expiratory breath holding and hyperventilation with immobilization of the neck, trunk, hip and knee joints, and without immobilization. In general, the restriction of mobility caused a reduction in the postural stability in the sagittal plane, while the frontalbody swayamplitude decreased. These results suggest that body immobilization reduces the ability to compensate the effect of respiration on the stability of vertical posture in the sagittal plane and, on the contrary, facilitatesthe balance in the frontal plane.

Topic: Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Verification of architectural rules and design patterns

Software design is the process of translating specifications into an effective software solution. This problem solving approach will provide a foundation from which concrete functionality can be developed and tested. It follows that, design issues have direct implications on the implementation and testability of the software. A recent study by US National Institute of Standards and Technology claim an astounding $60 billion annual loss owing to software defects. Software defects are mainly functional, so they can be detected by employing effective testing techniques. However, software design flaws are not evident immediately, but will be obvious as the software degrades with subsequent updates. An example of a design flaw is the inability of the current software design to adapt a new requirement. In the worst case, it might even require redesigning the entire software again. This makes design issues more dangerous than functional defects. This demands the need of automatic verification techniques to curb maintenance costs. Verification tools must be able to detect design violations at the source, and not let it propagate into the subsequent development phases. A design pattern provides an abstract reusable solution for a commonly occurring design problem. Improper implementation of the design patterns might lead to degradation of the software quality and maintainability. Design pattern detection techniques would give a good understanding of how the software is built, however it would not detect any design violations. Our approach uses static code analysis to verify the presence of any design pattern violations. A static representation of the codebase is stored as an object-model. The object-model allows us to extract and manipulate specific details about different elements in the software. Design guidelines are specified in order to identify which specific part of the object-model has to be parsed. Traditionally design guidelines are outlined in an informal way, giving rise to lot of ambiguities in understanding. This ambiguity will be more obvious when a new design pattern is defined. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) can be used to graphically represent a design pattern, but they are not expressive enough to precisely define all the design patterns. We have adapted a domain specific modeling language derived from UML to formally specify the design guidelines. This language allows us to have an equally readable language, but much more expressive

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Quality of Life and Spirituality in Psycho-Oncology

Toward the end of the 1970s, the increased possibility of curing cancer influenced such disciplines as oncology, psychology, psychiatry as well as social and nursing care. Growing attention was given to psychological aspects and issues related to quality of life, survival, and rehabilitation. Consequently, the psychosocial approach to cancer has acquired an important role in its ability both to promote psychological health throughout the course of the disease and to improve the adjustment process in cancer patients. The aim of this article is to reconsider psychosocial approach in psycho-oncology, starting from the multidimensional definition of quality of life to the most recent data regarding the spiritual dimension as it is expressed in transpersonal psychology and in mindfulness interventions.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Are Cyber Weapons Effective Military Tools

Cyber-attacks are often viewed in academic and military writings as strategic asymmetric weapons, great equalizers with the potential of leveling the battlefield between powerful nations and those less capable. However, there has been little evidence to suggest that cyber-attacks are a genuine military option in a state-on-state conflict. In instances of actual military operations (e.g., Afghanistan, Georgia, Iraq, and Israel/Gaza), there is little accompanying evidence of a military conducting cyber-attacks against either a civilian or military target. Given that some of the nation states that have been involved in military conflict or peacekeeping missions in hostile areas are believed to have some level of offensive cyber capability, this may be indicative. More substantive examples demonstrate that cyber-attacks have been more successful in non-military activities, as they may serve as a clandestine weapon of subterfuge better positioned to incapacitate systems without alerting the victims, veiling the orchestrator’s true identity via proxy groups and plausible deniability. Consequently, this paper provides a counter argument to the idea that cyber tools are instrumental military weapons in modern day warfare; cyber weapons are more effective options during times of nation state tension rather than military conflict, and are more serviceable as a signaling tool than one designed to gain military advantage. In situations where state-on-state conflict exists, high value targets that need to be neutralized would most likely be attacked via conventional weapons where battle damage assessment can be easily quantified. This raises the question: are cyber weapons effective military tools?

Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Individual strategies in adaptation to altered auditory feedback

Speakers monitor themselves while talking. When they hear a real-time altered version of their speech, they will change their articulation so that when they hear their altered speech, it matches their acoustic target [Houde and Jordan (1998, Science 20;279(5354):1213–1216)]. The experiment presented here used the novel addition of ultrasound imaging to reveal how speakers (n = 30) change their articulations in response to two different formant perturbations: raising of F1 in “head” and F2 in “hood.” Principal components analysis was used to identify speakers' individual strategies during adaptation. Some speakers use a single strategy for an entire adaptation block, while others change strategy. Speakers are also known to change production in a formant that was not altered [Katseff et al. (2010, JASA 127(3), 1955)]. The ultrasound analysis shows that at least for some speakers, change in two formants is linked to independent and uncorrelated articulatory components and possibly serves a perceptual purpose in compensation, rather than being an unintended result of the compensatory response. Preliminary results (n = 4) of adaptation to raising F3 in “heard” will also be presented. Modeling with the Maeda and Manzara synthesizers [Bakst and Johnson (2016, JASA 140(4), 3223)] correctly predicted speakers' articulatory strategies.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
“What drives your own desiring machines?” Early twenty-first century corporatism in Deleuze-Guattarian theory, corporate practice, contemporary literature, and locavore alternatives

This dissertation identifies and investigates the characteristics of the early 21st-century social, economic, and political situation as intrinsically connected and grouped under the concept of corporatism. Starting from Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s schizoanalysis of capitalism, this thesis argues that corporatism or corporate capitalism is immanent: an interconnected, networked, rhizomatic system that has been successful at overtaking biopower – life in all its forms, human and otherwise – and managing it, or even making it its business. Methodologically, this dissertation aims to move beyond negative into creative critique, whose role is the uncovering of imagined or real alternatives to the problems of corporatism. Consequently, this dissertation is divided into four chapters that attempt to bring this methodology to life. Chapter 1 presents the theoretical basis of corporatism, modeled on the theories of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. Chapter 2 begins to exemplify corporatism by investigating three corporate examples. This chapter sheds light on the real-life functioning of three corporations, Hudson’s Bay Company, Walmart, and Unilever, while also connecting them to the theoretical genealogy of human social systems described by Deleuze and Guattari. Chapter 3 turns to literature as both a diagnostician of the contemporary corporatism, as well as an imaginative solution-provider. While not instrumentalizing literature, this chapter rather looks to three novels for both descriptions of the corporatist social machine and prescriptions on how to attempt to change it. The novels featured in this chapter are aligned with the creative critique methodology: from the negative and even reactionary critique of William Gibson’s Pattern Recognition, through the problems with the contemporary episteme illustrated by Margaret Atwood’s dystopic Oryx and Crake, to the alternative outlined by Scarlett Thomas in PopCo. Chapter 4 investigates real-life experiments in order to assess their viability in altering the present conditions of life. To this end, the last chapter couples theoretical Deleuze-Guattarian alternatives with two locavore books: Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life by Barbara Kingsolver, with Steven L. Hopp and Camille Kingsolver, and The 100-Mile Diet by Alisa Smith and J.B. MacKinnon.

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
NEW SULFUR-DOPED CARBON FIBER – SUPPORTED ALLOYS FOR ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF OXYGEN FOR PEM FUEL CELLS APPLICATIONS

The daily increase in the world needs for new sources of energy, the population and economy growth, and the industrial expansions made the demand for new sources of energy a critical request within different societies. Among clean energy sources comes the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which is used to produce electricity through simple electrochemical reaction process. However, the expensive price of the platinum (Pt) catalyst as one of the main components of fuel cell and considered the most important part responsible for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) within the cell, is the main barrier to the commercialization of fuel cells. This thesis deals with the development of novel inexpensive efficient catalysts based on Tri nanostructure metal alloys supported on sulfur doped carbon fibers, which is expected to have high surface area and good conducting properties, the fact that support the electrochemical reaction process within the cell. The synthesized materials was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR in addition to electrochemical characterization for the catalyst responsible for the ORR. Electrospinning technique was used to produce the sulfur-doped carbon nanofiber, while electrochemical deposition technique was used to load the different metals. The produced sulfur-doped CNF exhibited excellent performance towards ORR in PEM fuel cells via 4-electrons pathway.

Topic: Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MONITORING METHANE EMISSIONS AT INDIVIDUAL OIL AND GAS SITES WITH SATELLITES: A NEW TOOL AT THE DAWN OF GLOBAL TRANSPARENCY

Decarbonization of the value chain is increasingly coming into focus for the oil and gas industry. Shareholders, investors and the general public are demanding transparency and action from operators to reduce their methane emissions. In the last 4 years, satellite technology which makes it possible to monitor oil and gas facilities remotely and frequently for methane leaks has become available, changing the way emissions are managed. In this paper, we introduce this technology, including the next generation of satellites to launch in 2020, and the impact it can have on reducing methane emissions from oil and gas operations worldwide.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Geothermal Exploration and Development in Philippines: ABSTRACT

The Philippines, like many developing countries, is energy-deficient and needs to import much of her raw energy in the form of oil. The government, therefore, as early as 10 years ago gave encouragement and support to studies of the islands' indigenous energy resources, not only with the view of reducing dependence upon external sources, but to meet her steeply increasing power requirements. One such indigenous energy resource is geothermal energy in which the Philippines apparently abounds. Geothermal exploration and development undertaken in the Philippines during the past decade are reviewed and discussed. Results obtained, especially in the Tiwi geothermal field of southeastern Luzon which was the first to be studied, are evaluated and potentials are estimated. The sequential investigations undertaken in the study of a particular geothermal field and the interplay of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical approaches are outlined. An overview of the future role of geothermal energy in the power development of the country is presented. Research being undertaken on other uses of geothermal energy in industry and agriculture is discussed. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1430------------

Topic: Geological and Geophysical Studies
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Probabilistic Least-violating Control Strategy Synthesis with Safety Rules

We consider the problem of automatic control strategy synthesis for discrete models of robotic systems, where the goal is to travel from some region to another while obeying a given set of safety rules in an environment with uncertain properties. This is a probabilistic extension of the work by Jana Tumová et al. that is able to handle uncertainty by modifying the least-violating strategy synthesis algorithm. The first novel contribution is a way of modelling uncertain events in a map as a Markov decision process with a specific structure, using what we call "Ghost States". We then introduce a way of constructing a Product Automaton analogous to the original work, on which a modified probabilistic version of Dijkstra's algorithm can be run to synthesize the least-violating plan. The result is a synthesis algorithm that works similarly to the original, but can handle probabilistic uncertainty. It could be used in cases where e.g. uncertain weather conditions or the behaviour of external actors can be modelled as stochastic variables.

Topic: AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Models and Simulation in Engineering Education

The article considers one of the possible generic models of the processes of human cognitive and creative activity. In terms of this model, some problems of higher technical education are formulated and their solutions are suggested. In the educational process, it is first and foremost necessary to constantly use and improve the natural human ways of cognition and creation - the goal-setting and motivational basis, motor skills, sensorics, and the brain. Practice of the formation of heuristic and formalized models, speech, writing, drawing, physical training, collecting and analyzing the results of nature experiments and model verification should permeate every discipline constantly.

Topic: Educational Innovations and Challenges
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studiees on quantitative risk acceptance criteria and comparative risks

Two aspects of risk assessment are investigated in this report. The first deals with the comparison of selected technological risks with several proposed and augmented risk acceptance criteria. The second deals with preliminary criteria for comparative risk acceptance. It is found that values put forth for individual risk acceptance criterial appear to be at the lower end of implicitly accepted or calculated risks. Individual risk acceptance criteria based on a graded benefit scale are difficult to apply because it is difficult to determine the exact degree of benefit for each technology. Comparative risk assessment is difficult because technologies producing the same benefits often have disparate risks (i.e., range of impact, manifestation and degree of uncertainty). When the risks are not disparate, the benefits are usually quiite different. A set of preliminary criteria for comparative risk assessment are, however, proposed and discussed.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences