jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Psychosocial Factors Affecting High Risk Driving Behaviors in Adolescents in the City of Tehran, 2014

Background: Driving accidents are among the most important causes of mortality in the world in recent years. In Iran, especially in major cities such as Tehran, this issue has become a prevalent social problem. More importantly, adolescents and young people constitute the majority of the victims of traffic accidents. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychosocial dimensions affecting high risk driving behaviors in adolescents in the age group between 12 to 17 years, in the city of Tehran. Materials and Methods: The present study has taken a quantitative (correlation) approach by selecting a sample of 537 adolescents aged between 12 to 17 years and the psychosocial factors affecting high risk driving behaviors were assessed. The samples were selected by a Stratified-cluster method from the insurance company, hospitals and education correctional centers. Results: Our study demonstrate that among psychological factors, three determinants, namely national religious identity, attitude toward laws and rules, and aggression were able to predict high risk behaviors in boys group with coefficient of B, 0.24, and 0.16, respectively; while the strongest predictor of high risk behavior is national religious identity. On the other hand, in the girls group, two factors, namely autocratic parenting and attitude toward law and rules were able to predict high risk behaviors with coefficients of B, 0.19, and 0.18, respectively; while the strongest predictor was the autocratic style of parenting. Among social factors, our findings show that participation in the plan to cooperate with traffic police with coefficients of Beta 0.26 and 0.21, respectively, is the strongest predictor of high risk behavior in adolescent boys and girls. Conclusion: Among predictor variables aggression, law breaking behavior, and national religious identity can better predict driving accidents, attitude toward law, and high risk behaviors. Aggression, attitude, and law breaking behavior are considered as abnormal behaviors that lead to legal problems, delinquencies, substance abuse and other destructive behaviors among adolescents and consequently cause damage, injury and disabilities in themselves and others. Moreover, involvement in aggressive behaviors can play a critical role in creating and exacerbating new behavioral problems in adolescents, and those problems are carried over immutably at the later stages of their life.

Topic: Health and Well-being Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Single-Chip Silicon Photonic Engine for Analog Optical and Microwave Signals Processing

<title>Abstract</title> We present a photonic engine that processes both optical and microwave signals, and can convert signals between the two domains. Our photonic chip, fabricated in IMEC's iSiPP50G silicon photonics process, is capable of both generation and detection of analog electrical and optical signals, and can program user-defined filter responses in both domains. This single chip integrates all essential photonic integrated components like modulators, optical filters, and photodetectors, as well as tunable lasers enabled by transfer-printed indium phosphide optical amplifiers. This makes it possible to operate the chip as a black-box microwave photonics processor, where the user can process high-frequency microwave signals without being exposed to inner optical operation of the chip. The system's configuration is locally programmed through thermo-optic phase shifters and monitored by photodetectors, and can select any combination of optical or microwave inputs and outputs. We construct multiple systems with this engine to demonstrate its capabilities for different RF and optical signal processing functions, including optical and RF signal generation and filtering. This represents a key step towards compact and affordable microwave photonic systems that can enable higher-speed wireless communication networks and low-cost microwave sensing applications.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inherited Sterility by Substerilizing Radiation in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Bioefficacy and Potential for Pest Suppression

Spodoptera litura reared on host plants and on synthetic diet were irradiated with two substerilizing doses of gamma radiation, 100 Gy and 130 Gy, and examined for inherited sterility. Irradiation affected mating success in the parental (P) and F1 generations. F1 sterility was higher than P sterility, and F1 males inherited more sterility than did F1 females. F1 progeny developed at a slower rate compared with controls. F1 survival to adulthood decreased with increasing dose of radiation. Sex ratio in F1 moths was skewed towards male. Life tables were constructed for S. litura reared on host plant and synthetic diets, and the impact of radiation on population characteristics was ascertained. Reproductive rate (R0) was significantly decreased as a consequence of irradiation, and the effect was more severe in F1 crosses than in P crosses. There was a negative correlation between the dose of radiation and the percent embryo formation in P crosses. Whereas in F1 crosses, radiation dose (given to male parents) was positively correlated with the percent unhatched embryonated eggs. Early mortality of eggs prevailed in unhatched eggs derived from P crosses, and late embryonic lethality was the major cause of F1 sterility. Effects of irradiation are discussed with an emphasis on assessing the potential of the inherited sterility principle for pest control.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CORPORATE IDENTITY IN WOOD PROCESSING AND FURNITURE MANUFACTURING

Corporate identity was defined differently by different authors and it's unique definition was not established, but it is most certain the soul of every enterprise which is based on history, environment, previous development and recognition on the market. In this paper we researched the corporate identity perception in wood processing and furniture manufacturing companies in the Republic of Croatia. Research was conducted as a survey using questionnaires which held general information about the enterprise and 10 questions regarding perception of corporate identity. 210 enterprises for wood processing and furniture manufacturing were surveyed and 43 (20, 47 %) of them answered to all the questions, from which 35 (16, 67 %) was taken into consideration. Given data were analized statistically using χ2-test. Results showed that corporate identity in Croatian wood processing and furniture manufacturing companies was mostly defined and equilized with vizual presentation of the company, image and recognizable and different perception on the market. At the same time, most of surveeys thought that corporate identity is mostly made of design of the company, outside communication of the company and company's philosophy

Topic: Corporate Identity and Reputation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Ossification of Pterygospinous Ligament: An Incidental Finding in Cone Beam Computed Tomography

BACKGROUND Ossification of the pterygospinous ligament (PSL) is an osseous variation occasionally observed in the extracranial region of the foramen ovale. It occurs in 1% to 31.2% of the population. The etiology of this condition remains unclear. However, its presence in the skulls of children suggests a hereditary nature. PSL ossification has not been reported in studies on incidental findings in cone beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region, probably owing to the unfamiliarity with this rare finding. The correct radiographic identification of PSL ossification is crucial as it may produce various neurological disturbances or interfere with surgical procedures involving the infratemporal fossa. CASE REPORT Herein, we present a case of PSL ossification in an asymptomatic 35-year-old woman that was detected as an incidental finding in a cone beam computed tomography for implant treatment planning and discuss the clinical significance of this condition. CONCLUSIONS Although this osseous variant is well known in the anatomical literature, we believe it is rarely discussed among dentists. Healthcare providers, especially dentists, should rule out PSL ossification when a patient presents with a neurological disturbance of unknown causes.

Topic: Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
VISUAL REHABILITATION USING THE PRINCIPLES OF MULTISENSORY INTEGRATION

Because all organisms live in a world that produces stimuli of multiple sensory modalities, multisensory integration has become an invaluable tool for discriminating signals from the noise. Multisensory integration is the process by which information from different senses is combined in the brain to produce effects stronger than those seen evoked by any of the unisensory components presented individually. There are constraints on this process honed by environmental experience, and within this framework, the conditions leading to the greatest benefit derived from multisensory integration can be approximated by heuristics derived from these constraints (Xu et al. 2015). Here we examine some of these constraints and stimulus properties from which the greatest benefit is derived. Traditionally the benefits of multisensory integration manifest behaviorally in the form of lower stimulus detectability thresholds, and neurophysiologically in the form of increased firing rate. However, this thesis will illustrate the benefit of multisensory integration behaviorally in the visual rehabilitation process.

Topic: Multisensory perception and integration
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Parathyroid adenoma with coeliac disease: primary or quaternary hyperparathyroidism?

Coeliac disease is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy of varying severity. Osteomalacia and hypocalcaemia can result from malabsorption of vitamin D and calcium, which, in turn, can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. If coeliac disease remains untreated for long, tertiary hyperparathyroidism can also develop through autonomy of the parathyroid glands via chronic stimulation. Primary hyperparathyroidism also has been reported in some cases of coeliac disease. We report the case of an adolescent with coeliac disease presenting with severe hypercalcaemia from a parathyroid adenoma. A 14 year-old girl was admitted to our department for delayed puberty and growth retardation. Laboratory examination revealed iron deficiency anaemia, low 25OH vitamin D level (7 ng/ml), high parathyroid hormone level (PTH) (955 pg/ml), and hypercalcaemia (13.4 mg/dl). Endoscopic biopsy was compatible with gluten enteropathy. Endomysium antibody was positive. A gluten-free diet was started. Her calcium returned to normal after excision of the parathyroid adenoma. After four months of the gluten-free diet, she began to mature, and puberty began with development of breasts and axillary-pubic hair growth. It has been suggested that autonomous four-gland hyperplasia or tertiary hyperparathyroidism may progress to adenoma formation, and that this should be termed "quaternary hyperparathyroidism". More studies are required to explain the relationship between coeliac disease and hyperparathyroidism.

Topic: Celiac Disease Research and Management
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abscess of the liver round link in children

An abscess of the round ligament of the liver in children, as a result of an inflammatory process, often leading to necrosis, is an extremely rare occurrence. Formations in the round ligament of the liver must be differentiated from liver tumors, which can be diagnosed using instrumental research methods. In the available literature on the abscess of the round ligament of the liver, the authors speak about the preference for complete excision of the ligament. However, analyzing the experience (5 clinical examples are given) of the surgical clinic of the N. F. Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital (Moscow, Russia), the most preferable and safe are puncture and drainage of the abscess cavity from the anterior abdominal wall under visual control of manipulation using a laparoscope.

Topic: Omental and Epiploic Conditions
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evidence-based Ordering of MINI Suicidality Module’s Response Profiles: Application to SMPG Data

Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview approach to suicidality assessment relies upon a priori ordering of possible response profiles (n-tuples) that describe the presence/absence of five risk factors (‘yes/no’ response format). Conjunctive and disjunctive rules order the MINI’s 5-tuples. Using ‘recent suicide attempt’ as a suicidality criterion, the present study aimed at (i) ordering the 4-tuples in the SMPG (Roelandt, Caria, & Mondière, 2000) sample of 39,617 French adults, and (ii) detecting the items, among 20 screening items used for Axis I diagnosis, that are informative for suicidality assessment. Three suicidality levels were identified. Co-occurrence of suicide ideation, self-harm intention, and lifetime suicide attempt forms a high risk condition: 44% of current month suicide, 95% confidence interval = [0.38, 0.50]. All suicidality levels were systematically moderated by chronic anxiety. This symptom should be included in the set of relevant risk factors for suicidality assessment.

Topic: Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
THE PERSONAL TRAINNER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MUSCULATION PRACTITORS: A CASE STUDY

The Physical Education Professional responsible for prescribing and monitoring personalized activities in order to serve each client in a specific way, using a methodology in their training program, capable of providing the best results is the Personal Trainner. This research was conducted before and after through a physical evaluation followed by individualized intervention over a period of 3 months, with a weekly frequency of 3 days, and reevaluation analyzing and comparing data obtained in the measurements of perimeters, BMI, skinfolds and physical tests as the sit and reach test (Wells Bank), abdominal muscle strength test, abdominal and pectoral muscular endurance test, and the VO2 max test. Individual records were also made in the evaluation and reassessment for possible comparisons. The results obtained assure the truth reported above, because the client obtained improvement in all evaluated items, despite being an athletic subject. Theoretical and practical foundations for excellence in practical application by Personal Trainers, generating subsidies to rationalize and verify which conduct is most effective with your student.

Topic: Physical Education and Sports Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer in Korean women

Thu-Thi Pham,1 Minji Hwang,2 Eun-Sook Lee,1,3,4 Sun-Young Kong,1,3,4 So-Youn Jung,3,4 Seeyoun Lee,4 Jeongseon Kim,1,3 Mina Ha,5 Sun-Young Kim,1 Boyoung Park21National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 4Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 5Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Boyoung ParkDepartment of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaTel +82 22 220 0682Fax +82 312 220 0699Email hayejine@hanmail.netPurpose: This study evaluated the association between night-shift work (NSW) and breast cancer risk as well as subtypes of breast cancer in Korean women.Patients and methods: The study population included 1721 female breast cancer cases and 1721 female controls matched by age. The subtypes of breast cancer were determined based on estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 statuses by reviewing pathology reports. Odds ratios (ORs) for NSW experience, age at commencement of NSW, frequency, and duration were estimated using conditional logistic regression and were adjusted for confounders such as parity and socioeconomic status&amp;amp;ndash;related factors.Results: Among 1721 pairs, 10.58% of cases and 9.59% of controls had ever engaged in NSW. NSW was not associated with breast cancer risk in terms of ever having night-shift exposure (adjusted OR was 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.89&amp;amp;ndash;1.40), duration, frequency, or cumulative working time. The OR for &amp;amp;gt;10 years of lifetime duration of NSW was 1.55 (95% CI 0.89&amp;amp;ndash;2.69, P=0.124). In addition, the OR for &amp;amp;gt;35,000 hrs for cumulative frequency of night work was OR=1.42 (95% CI=0.73&amp;amp;ndash;2.74, P=0.304). There was no heterogeneity in ORs of ever having NSW and cumulative duration of NSW between four subtypes of breast cancer.Conclusion: NSW including long-term and heavy working exposure was not associated with breast cancer risk.Keywords: night-shift work, breast cancer, hormone receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Genre and Convention

In common with other academic disciplines which endeavour to extend the frontiers of knowledge to bring greater understanding, children's literature is a dynamic, questioning, and self-reflexive field of study. Much deliberation, debate, wordage, and intellectual soul-searching has gone into defining, interrogating, and establishing children's literature as an academic discipline, and the process continues. As discussed by colleagues in this book, the establishment of children's literature as an academic discipline has not been an easy task. However, the very fact that a text such as this exists is evidence of the success, security, and dynamism of the field. Two areas central to this discussion of genre and convention underpin the establishment of children's literature as an academic field of study, namely, questions pertaining to the canon and the notion of a classic children's book. Such parameters lead to the consideration of genre and convention in children's literature. From a pragmatic viewpoint one could rephrase these discussions as questions asked by someone formulating a programme in children's literature: "Which books should I choose?" and having selected them, "What should I teach?" and furthermore, "Why?" Reduction to the pragmatic can oversimplify matters somewhat, since those "innocent" questions mask a host of cultural, social, and political complexities.

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
US foreign aid

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of similarities and distinctions between development and educational assistance in the USA as compared with other countries, this paper provides a general review of relevant materials on US foreign aid. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews published books and articles as well as US government budget and Congressional reporting materials and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development statistics. Findings – Beginning with the Marshall Plan following Second World War, the USA has always been a leader in foreign aid. In many ways, US development agencies resemble counterparts in other countries – foreign aid is part of larger network of bilateral relationships, funding requests must compete with requests from other sectors, etc. In other ways, the US stands apart. Because of US Congressional reporting requirements and for philosophical reasons, the US has been reluctant to join other countries in provision of budgetary support. The US coordinates its work with host country governments, but generally organizes its activities in project mode, relying largely on US contractors. The US Agency for International Development and the Department of State are the largest US government development agencies. Still, unlike other donors, development funding and technical assistance is provided by up to 25 agencies with relatively little coordination. US foreign aid has always included a security as well as humanitarian and development dimensions. In recent years, as development assistance is increasingly coordinated with diplomacy and defense, the military dimension has been heightened. Perhaps the most original finding is the notion that public and government support of US foreign aid has required both security and development/humanitarian rationales to remain viable. Originality/value – The paper brings together information from a range of existing sources, but provides a unique perspective on US foreign aid in education.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Response of Sorghum Enhanced in Monolignol Biosynthesis to Stalk Rot Pathogens

To increase phenylpropanoid constituents and energy content in the versatile C 4 grass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), sorghum genes for proteins related to monolignol biosynthesis were overexpressed: SbMyb60 (transcriptional activator), SbPAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), SbCCoAOMT (caffeoyl coenzyme A [CoA] 3-O-methyltransferase), Bmr2 (4-coumarate:CoA ligase), and SbC3H (coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase). Overexpression lines were evaluated for responses to stalk pathogens under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot), which cause yield-reducing diseases. F. thapsinum-inoculated overexpression plants had mean lesion lengths not significantly different than wild-type, except for significantly smaller lesions on two of three SbMyb60 and one of two SbCCoAOMT lines. M. phaseolina-inoculated overexpression lines had lesions not significantly different from wild-type except one SbPAL line (of two lines studied) with mean lesion lengths significantly larger. Field-grown SbMyb60 and SbCCoAOMT overexpression plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum. Mean lesions of SbMyb60 lines were similar to wild-type, but one SbCCoAOMT had larger lesions, whereas the other line was not significantly different than wild-type. Because overexpression of SbMyb60, Bmr2, or SbC3H may not render sorghum more susceptible to stalk rots, these lines may provide sources for development of sorghum with increased phenylpropanoid concentrations.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences