jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Progress and Trends in Forage Cactus Silage Research: A Bibliometric Perspective

Opuntia spp. (forage cactus or spineless cactus) is a plant native to Mexico that is commonly used as alternative nutrient-rich fodder in semi-arid regions. Due to its resistance to drought, forage cactus has become an important least-cost ingredient for formulating balanced rations for ruminants during times of scarcity. In addition, ensiling, an anaerobic fermentation process, is also a strategy used to allow a supply of bulky food all year round, since it conserves forage and maintains its nutritional value. In this sense, using the Scopus database and the visualization tool VOSviewer, the present work proposes a bibliometric analysis of forage cactus silage to track and map the evolution and main issues in the research field, current trends, and future directions. The results revealed that the first publication was in 2013; and since 2020, the number of publications has been growing. Brazil was highlighted, by far, as the most relevant country on the topic, and the top institutions were from northeast Brazil, which has been working on co-authored articles. The current hot research topics are focusing on the mixed silage of forage cactus and other forages such as gliricidia, maniçoba, and sorghum biomass, as well as evaluating the fermentative performance and chemical characteristics for improving ruminal diets, especially for goats and sheep. This study provides important information for researchers to identify gaps and direct their studies to better use the whole potential of forage cactus as an alternative roughage source.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatio-temporal genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae in the Northwestern Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda: implications for genetic control trials in malaria endemic regions

Understanding population genetic structure in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) is crucial to inform genetic control and manage insecticide resistance. Unfortunately, species characteristics such as high nucleotide diversity, large effective population size, recent range expansion, and high dispersal ability complicate the inference of genetic structure across its range in sub-Saharan Africa. The ocean, along with the Great Rift Valley, is one of the few recognized barriers to gene flow in this species, but the effect of inland lakes, which could be useful sites for initial testing of genetic control strategies, is relatively understudied. Here we examine Lake Victoria as a barrier between the Ugandan mainland and the Ssese Islands, which lie up to 60 km offshore. We use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from populations sampled in 2002, 2012 and 2015, and perform Bayesian cluster analysis on mtDNA combined with microsatellite data previously generated from the same 2002 mosquito DNA samples.Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance and Bayesian clustering support significant differentiation between the mainland and lacustrine islands. In an mtDNA haplotype network constructed from this and previous data, haplotypes are shared even between localities separated by the Rift Valley, a result that more likely reflects retention of shared ancestral polymorphism than contemporary gene flow.The relative genetic isolation of An. gambiae on the Ssese Islands, their small size, level terrain and ease of access from the mainland, the relative simplicity of the vectorial system, and the prevalence of malaria, are all attributes that recommend these islands as possible sites for the testing of genetic control strategies.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients and SUVs as Predicators of Histological Differentiation in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aim The study aims to assess minimal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC min ) and SUV max as predictors of histological differentiation in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and to determine cutoff values for each histopathological tumor grade. Patients and Methods A retrospective study of 41 ASCC patients (14 males, 27 females; mean age, 65 ± 13 years) staged with FDG PET/CT and MRI (mean scan time interval, 21 ± 11 days). SUV max and ADC min values were measured and compared with histopathological tumor grading obtained from biopsy. Results The mean size and tumor volume were 3 ± 2 cm and 16.5 ± 27.3 cm 3 , respectively. The mean ADC min values for well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated ASCC were 935 ± 179, 896 ± 123, and 637 ± 114, respectively. The mean SUV max for well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated ASCC were 6.9 ± 1.8, 11.5 ± 4.1, and 13.4 ± 2.6, respectively. The difference in mean ADC min values between poorly and moderately/well-differentiated tumors was statistically significant, whereas this was not significant between moderately and well-differentiated tumors. Differences in SUV max values were statistically significant between poorly/moderately and well-differentiated tumors, whereas there was no statistical significance between poorly and moderately differentiated tumors. By combining the 2 modalities using cutoff values of 675 × 10 −6 mm 2 ·s −1 for ADC min and 8.5 for SUV max , it was possible to differentiate the tumor categories with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, respectively, of 84.6%, 96.4%, 91.7%, and 93.1% for well-differentiated ASCC, 76.5%, 87.5%, 81.3%, and 84% for moderately, and 90.9%, 89.3%, 76.9%, and 96.2% for poorly differentiated ASCC, respectively. Conclusions ADC min and SUV max values correlated with the degree of differentiation in ASCC and can be used as predictors of tumor grading and aggressiveness. Combined ADC min and SUV max cutoff values can therefore be used for early patient risk stratification and treatment decision making.

Topic: Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Study of Mechanism of Esophageal Cancer Development through MKK6 Over-expression Regulated SIRTI Expression Level].

There might be the p38-MAPK-SIRT1 regulation axis in Eca109 cells and affecting on a series of physiological characteristics of Eca109 cells.

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Shape Shifted TV: A Real Opportunity for Broadband

Williams, D., Kegel, I.C., Ursu, M.F., Cook, J.J., Engler, M., Lohse, L.C., Stevens, T.S., Wyver, J., Zsombori, V., 2006. “Shape Shifted TV: A Real Opportunity for Broadband”, International Broadcast Convention (IBC) 2006, IBC06 Conference Publication, pp. 401–409.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of normal tissue objectives in RapidArc treatment for cervical cancer

Abstract Purpose: The normal tissue objective (NTO) is a tool used in inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to minimize dose dispersion to surrounding tissues. The current study focuses on the NTO’s impact on RapidArc treatment plans for cervical cancer patients or its role in reducing doses to healthy surrounding tissues. Material and methods: This study included 11 cervical cancer patients who underwent RapidArc treatment. We assessed plans both with and without the NTO objective by evaluating parameters such as homogeneity, conformity, gradient index (GI), IMRT factor, integral dose and the volume of normal tissues receiving low doses of 40, 30, 20 and 10 Gy. Further, differences between automatic NTO and manual NTO were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: There were no significant differences in the conformity index, homogeneity index, IMRT factor and integral dose between plans with automatic NTO and those with manual NTO RapidArc plans. However, we did observe a clear advantage in using manual NTO for controlling low-dose exposure to normal tissues. The comparisons between automatic and manual NTO resulted in a GI of 3·1 ± 0·3 versus 2·7 ± 0·68 ( p = 0·008). Furthermore, we noticed a significant reduction in the volumes receiving low doses (V 10 , V 20 , V 30 and V 40 ) with the manual NTO settings. Conclusion: The NTO plays a crucial role in optimizing RapidArc plans for treating cervical cancer. Based on the findings of this study, manual NTO settings of distance from PTV border x start = 0·5 mm, start dose f 0 = 105%, end dose f ∞ = an average of 40%, dose fall-off 0·2 mm –1 were optimal. Further research involving a larger sample size and exploration of various NTO parameters is necessary to validate our results.

Topic: Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Influence of Lp(a) on restenosis after coronary angioplasty].

We clarified the relationship between lipoprotein (a) concentration and restenosis after coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The lipoprotein (a) concentration in patients with restenosis after PTCA was significantly higher than in patients without restenosis after PTCA (33.0 +/- 19.8 mg/dl vs 19.1 +/- 17.4 mg/dl, p less than 0.05]. Moreover, patients with a lipoprotein (a) concentration of more than 30 mg/dl had a high rate of restenosis after PTCA. Restenosis after PTCA is related to lipoprotein (a) concentration.

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Removal of Termite-associated Antifungal Streptomycete Defence Barrier using Streptophages for Successful Implementation of Biological Control Fungi

Termite-induced damage to timber structures, crops and forestry costs significantly worldwide thus necessitating the need for effective control methods to reduce material damage and associated costs. Biological control methods that employs nematodes, bacterial and fungal entomopathogens offer environmentally-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical and physical methods. However, termites are known to elicit highly effective defence mechanisms to prevent these entomopathogens from infecting the entire colony. One of these mechanisms is the symbiosis with insect's own selectively-acquired microorganisms such as with the members of the genus Streptomyces. Streptomycetes are known to produce an array of antimicrobial metabolites that might potentially inhibit the growth of entomopathogens in termite nests thus reducing the pesticide action of the biocontrol agent. The chapter thus communicates whether implementation of a pre-treatment method utilising streptophages to remove antifungal Streptomyces symbionts from the surface of termite species can aid effective termite control via facilated infestation of termites by biological control fungi.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors Influencing Disease Recurrence and Graft Survival in Patients who Developed End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Underwent Renal Transplantation

Aim The aim of our study was to determine the factors effecting disease recurrence and graft survival in patients who developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and underwent renal transplantation (Rtx). Methods A total of 37 patients with FSGS (female/male: 10/27) who underwent Rtx in our transplant center between 2001 and 2014 were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed with FSGS by biopsy. Comparative analyses were performed in order to determine the factors effecting disease recurrence and graft survival. Plasmapheresis was performed with 40 mL/kg plasma. The diagnosis of the recurrence of FSGS and the acute rejections were also confirmed by biopsy. Results Statistical analyses revealed that, recurrence rates were higher in Rtx recipients from deceased donor [deceased donor versus living donor, 2 (50.0%) versus 3 (9.1%), P = 0.024]. However, no correlation was found between recurrence and renal replacement treatment (RRT) methods, duration of RRT, preoperative or postoperative prophylactic plasmapheresis, the presence of preoperative nephrotic proteinuria, donor's or recipient's age or gender, kinship with donor, time interval between development of FSGS and ESRD, or performing native nephrectomy. Graft survival rates were higher in Rtx patients that were transplanted from living donor, first-degree relatives, and in patients without recurrence. Conclusion In countries where organ donation is insufficient, living donors can be used with a low risk of recurrence for Rtx candidates with FSGS. Also, grafts from living donors, particularly from first-degree relatives, have higher survival rates.

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Opportunities and Constraints for Creating Edible Cities and Accessing Wholesome Functional Foods in a Sustainable Way

Malnutrition, food security and food safety will remain major global issues as the world’s population grows and the consequences of climate change prevail, so we need to rethink how we grow and source food to create sustainable systems for future generations. Edible cities, as innovative solutions to use public spaces for urban food production, can bridge this evident gap between the present and the future. The aim of this review was to analyze the opportunities and constraints for creating edible cities and accessing wholesome functional foods in a sustainable way and explore existing solutions that can be strengthened. We can grow food in urban environments using ideas such as controlled-environment farms (CEAs), home food gardens on balconies, roofs and terraces, underground farming and foraging. As citizens become more aware of complex foods with nutritional benefits, we should take this opportunity to teach them about edible wholesome functional foods and how they can be grown instead of using plants. There are still many constraints such as pollution, a lack of government support and the economic aspects of urban farms that need to be resolved in order for edible cities and access to functional foods in them to become the standard worldwide. The goal is worthwhile as citizens would benefit from climate control, reduced resource consumption, a safer food supply, improved mental and physical health, reduced malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies and connected communities that share knowledge and resources to further innovation and welfare.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pain: A Natural State without a Nature? Dealing with the Ambiguity of „Pain“ in Science and Ethics

Can we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a mental state to be a pain state? That is, does pain have a nature? Or is the term ‘pain’ ambiguous? I argue here that our expression ‘pain’ lacks necessary use conditions if one considers a range of contexts. As use conditions constrain the reference class, I argue that ‘pain’ does not refer to a natural category, but binds together a bunch of loosely resembling phenomena. This leads to problems for scientific and clinical discourse. To solve these, a method of explication is suggested, based on a discursive combination between analysis of first-person reports and theories of natural science. Lastly, I consider the ethical implications of this ambiguity that lead to a reformulation of the goal of pain science: Not alleviation of all pains ought to be our goal, but only manipulation of conscious and negatively emotionally charged pains.

Topic: Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Chaotic itinerancy based on attractors of one-dimensional maps

A general methodology is described for constructing systems that have a slowly converging Lyapunov exponent near zero, based on one-dimensional maps with chaotic attractors. In certain parameter ranges, these relatively simple systems display the properties of intermittent dynamics known as chaotic itinerancy. We show that in addition to the local sensitivity characteristic of chaotic dynamics, these itinerant systems display a global sensitivity, in the sense that fine-scale additive noise may significantly change the natural measure on the large scale.

Topic: Chaos control and synchronization
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Debye-Waller factor of sodium: A comparison of theory and experiment

We have compared the Debye-Waller factor of sodium calculated by three different theoretical methods with the recent measured values in the temperature range 80--295 K, using the Mo\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}ssbauer \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray-scattering technique. The Mo\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}ssbauer results are also compared with the two sets of earlier x-ray measurements, one of which extends to 365 K. The three theoretical methods are the following: the lowest-order anharmonic perturbation theory, a Green's-function method that includes anharmonic contributions of the lowest-order perturbation theory summed to infinity, and the molecular-dynamics method, which includes the anharmonic contributions to all orders. In all three methods the Ashcroft pseudopotential with the Vashishta-Singwi screening function is employed to generate the real-space two-body potential function whose range is cut off at the sixth-neighbor distance. Excellent agreement is found between the results of these three methods and the Mo\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}ssbauer experimental results. The x-ray results are also in very good agreement with the Mo\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}ssbauer data where the temperatures overlap in the measurements.

Topic: Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Amateur innkeepers utilization of minimum length stay restrictions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine how much the lodging shared economy (LSE) utilizes minimum length of stay (MLOS) controls to maximize revenue and reduce housekeeping expense, since cleaning between guest visits represents a substantial variable cost for each guest’s stay. Hosts in the LSE are becoming increasingly perceptive in maximizing revenues. Design/methodology/approach Daily data for one year were collected for Vacation Rental by Owner properties in Hilton Head Island, SC and Orlando, FL. The collected data include daily vacancies for two different lengths of stay. Linear regression was used to explore the relationship between relative demand and vacancy length of stay differences. Findings During high-demand periods, there were few differences between the availability of short-term and longer-term reservation vacancies, which indicated hosts were not encouraging guests to stay longer during each visit. These results reveal differences in vacancies for three-night vs six-night reservations. A host can generate more revenue and decrease expenses by maximizing booked nights per visit. Research limitations/implications Due to confidentiality issues, this study does not capture vacation bookings but instead captures vacancies. In addition, Average Daily Rate was not utilized in this study. Practical implications LSE hosts can maximize revenues using MLOS controls. Minimizing housekeeping costs boosts a host’s profitability. Originality/value Although this research has been conducted for hotel MLOS, there is a gap in the literature regarding LSE hosts’ use of MLOS.

Topic: Sharing Economy and Platforms
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Macroecology of North American suckers (Catostomidae): tests of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules

Abstract Discerning spatial macroecological patterns in freshwater fishes has broad implications for community assembly, ecosystem dynamics, management, and conservation. This study explores the potential interspecific covariation of geographic range (Rapoport's rule) and body size (Bergmann's rule) with latitude in North American sucker fishes (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae). While numerous tests of Rapoport's and Bergmann's rules are documented in the literature, comparatively few of these studies have specifically tested for these patterns, and none have incorporated information reflecting shared ancestry into analyses of North American freshwater fish through a hierarchical model. This study utilized a hierarchical modeling approach with Bayesian inference to evaluate the role that evolution has played in shaping these distributional corollaries. Rapoport's rule was supported at the tribe level but not across family and subfamily groupings. Particularly within the Catostominae subfamily, two tribes reflected strong support for Rapoport's rule while two suggested a pattern was present. Conversely, Bergmann's rule was not supported in Catostomidae. This study provides additional information regarding the pervasiveness of these “rules” by expanding inferences in freshwater fishes and specifically addressing the potential for these macroecological patterns to play a role in the distribution of the understudied group Catostomidae.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly: First prenatal report of a ZIC2 missense mutation

Abstract We present a case of a middle interhemispheric variant of antenatal discovery associated with a de novo missense variant (NM_007129.5: c.1109G&gt;A p.(Cys370Tyr)) in the ZIC2 gene. Our case represents the first prenatal description of a ZIC2 missense mutation found in association with syntelencephaly.

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Augmentation Rhinoplasty

<i>To the Editor</i>.—The March 1987 issue of theArchivesincluded an article by Dr Michael Sachs<sup>1</sup>describing the use of microfibrillar collagen (Avitene) mixed with autogenous whole blood as a new technique for augmentation rhinoplasty. Avitene is described in the<i>Physician's Desk Reference</i>as "an absorbable topical hemostatic agent." How do you account for Dr Sachs' resorption rate of 16% during a follow-up period of at least six months?

Topic: Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences