jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prospects of aquaculture of West Bengal, India under Changing climate

Climate variability refers to the variability observed in the climate record in periods when the state of the climate system is not showing changes. If the climate state changes, usually characterized by a shift in means, then the frequency of formerly rare events on the side to which the mean has shifted might occur more frequently with increasing climate variability. Natural variability is a characteristic of the global climate and occurs on both long and short-time scales. Aquaculture practices involve the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of aquatic organisms in freshwater, brackish water, or marine environments. Aquaculture is a rapidly growing sector of nutrition security in Gangetic West Bengal. A study was conducted on West Bengal in India, one of the eastern states of India. West Bengal state has different types of agroclimatic zones. Aquaculture in West Bengal has tremendous potential to grow as an industry. Residents of West Bengal must understand the value of local wetlands and the importance of the conservation of wet lands. Government institutes should collectively work with different educational hubs, scientists, and NGOs on beneficial issues of the state so that aquaculture conservation and development and appropriate adaptation strategies can be adopted.

Topic: Fisheries and Aquaculture Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of vibration on droplet dynamics and heat transfer of spray cooling

The heat transfer mechanism of spray cooling under vibration has yet to be revealed, so it is crucial to deeply analyze the droplet impingement dynamics and heat transfer mechanism under vibration. However, there is still a gap in analyzing how vibration quantitatively affects droplet impingement dynamics and heat transfer performance. To fill this research gap, this paper will employ high-speed cameras to quantitatively analyze droplets' dynamics and heat transfer properties under various vibrational conditions. The results demonstrate that droplet spreading is enhanced at high-frequency conditions, but the enhancement decreases with the reduction in amplitude. Under high amplitude conditions, droplets gain additional inertial forces to overcome adhesive forces, causing oscillation in the three-phase contact line of the droplets, which significantly consumes the kinetic energy of droplet spreading, thereby suppressing droplet spreading. Vibration overall suppresses droplet spreading; at an amplitude of 0.2 mm and frequency of 80 Hz, the spreading enhancement factor is merely 4%. Moreover, the droplet's heat transfer rate, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and cooling efficiency all increase with the rise in vibrational frequency but are all subdued by the amplitude. Compared to a static surface, vibration suppresses droplet heat transfer but can facilitate droplet heat transfer under low amplitude and high-frequency conditions. At an amplitude of 0.2 mm, the maximum heat transfer enhancement factor (HTEF) is 16%. At an amplitude of 0.8 mm and frequency of 10 Hz, the minimum HTEF is -44%. This research undoubtedly brings innovative insights into spray droplet impact dynamics and heat transfer and can provide valuable guidance for related industrial applications.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Wear resistance and friction-surface characteristics of gas-thermal coatings with ultra-disperse additives

The friction-surface characteristics and wear resistance of gas-thermal coatings with ultradisperse modifiers are studied. The concentration ranges of ultradisperse additives of CoAl2O4 and CuAl2O4 spinels forming the structure of the wear-resistant coating are determined. The wear resistance of gas-thermal coatings is shown to increase 1.3–1.5 times with the use of ultradisperse modifying additives.

Topic: Material Properties and Applications
Subfield: General Materials Science
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An ALE meta-analysis of the neural evidence of facial emotion processing in autism

Facial emotion recognition is central to successful social interaction. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in this area. However, neuroimaging evidence on facial emotion processing in ASD has been diverse. This study aims to identify common and consistent brain activity patterns during facial emotion processing in autism. Following PRISMA guidelines, 22 fMRI studies (539 ASD, 502 typically developing participants (TD) were included. Both groups showed significant activation in the right fusiform gyrus (FG) and left fusiform face area (FFA). In addition, TD participants showed increased left amygdala activity. Compared to TD, ASD individuals had increased activation in the right cerebellum lobule VI and left secondary visual cortex. Age-based subgroup analysis showed that ASD children showed increased activity in bilateral FG, and ASD adults and TD children in the right FG. Finally, adults from both groups had increased activity in the right FG in the within-group and conjunction analyses. These results suggest that ASD and TD engage core face processing areas similarly while TD may use core and an extended social brain network. Findings of this study underscore the role of fusiform face area in facial emotion processing along with more insights into the neural processing of facial emotions.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Congruence of student teachers' pedagogical images and actual classroom practices

An understanding of student teachers' pedagogical images plays an important role in helping teacher educators plan learning experiences. The purposes of this study were to obtain a profile of pedagogical images of a group of student teachers, and to assess whether there is congruence between their pedagogical images and classroom practices. Applying the conception of teaching model proposed by Pratt, Chan developed a questionnaire to evaluate teachers' views about teaching, which was modified here and administered to 59 first-year student teachers before and after their teaching practicum in physical education for secondary schools. Results indicated that the student teachers possess a Nurturing image, whereas in actual classroom practices, their approach was a mix between the Apprenticeship and the Transmission approaches. In other words, whereas student teachers conceive themselves as having a more child-centred approach to teaching, in reality, their practices constituted more a teacher-centred approach. The investigators considered that this type of information would be helpful for teacher educators when planning learning experiences. &lt;/br&gt;[Copyright of Educational Research is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013188022000031605 ]

Topic: Physical Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A modified Krylov subspace model reduction method based on the Chebyshev polynomials

In this paper, we present a modified Krylov subspace model reduction method for linear time invariable systems based on the Chebyshev polynomials. Noting the structure of the Chebyshev polynomial coefficient matrices, which are calculated approximately via the Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the state variable, we employ Krylov subspace to construct decent projection matrices. A reduced order system is produced in two-sided projection framework by combining the time and the frequency domain analysis. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the efficiency of the method.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patient engagement in decision making.

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the importance of patient engagement in health care decision-making in the care of patients with chronic diseases, there is limited information about it and the factors affecting it in Ethiopia and in the Public Hospitals of West Shoa in particular. Thus, this study was designed to assess the engagement of patients with selected chronic non-communicable diseases in health care decision-making and associated factors in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used an institution -based cross-sectional study design. We used systematic sampling for the selection of study participants from June 7–July 26, 2020. Standardized, pretested, and structured Patient Activation Measure was used to measure patient engagement in healthcare decision-making. We did descriptive analysis to determine the magnitude of patient engagement in health care decision-making. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with patients’ engagement in the health care decision-making process. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to measure the strength of association. We declared statistical significance at p&lt;0.05. we presented the results in tables and graphs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;406 patients with chronic diseases took part in the study, yielding a response rate of 96.2%. Less than a fifth [19.5% (95% CI: 15.5, 23.6)] of participants in the study area had a high engagement in their health care decision-making. Educational level (college or above) [AOR = 5.2, 95% CI (1.76–15.46)], duration of diagnosis &gt;5 years [AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.03–3.2)], health literacy [AOR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.06–1.24)], autonomy preference in decision making [AOR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.03–1.96)] were factors significantly associated with participants’ engagement in health care decision making among patients with chronic diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A high number of respondents had a low engagement in their health care decision-making. Preference for autonomy in decision making, educational level, health literacy, duration of diagnosis with the disease were factors associated with patient engagement in health care decision making among patients with chronic diseases in the study area. Thus, patients should be empowered to be involved in decision making to increase their engagement in the care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Toward the Realization of the Promise of Microarrays in Oncology

SummaryMicroarrays have long been promised to be a tool that might one day revolutionize oncology research and drug development. Despite the tremendous potential, however, there have been few breakthroughs that can be directly attributed to microarray-based profiling. While many researchers now say that microarrays have been over-hyped, it is more likely that early experiments were simply conducted in a naïve manner. Many believe that as technology and our understanding of experimental design improves, so too will the end results. We believe that with new approaches, particularly the use of pure cell populations potentially coupled with new and improved RNA amplification methodologies, the promise of microarrays for oncology finally will be realized.

Topic: Gene expression and cancer classification
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fuzzy evaluation and obstacle factors of urban ecological health changes in the Wei River Basin, northwest China

Abstract Background Urban ecological health is crucial for the long-term sustainable development of watershed. Accurately evaluating the health level of the ecological environment helps to develop reasonable strategies for ecological environment restoration and resource management. This paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework and evaluated the ecological health of eleven administrative regions in the Wei River Basin (WRB), northwest China in 1980, 2000, and 2020 using an evaluation model established by fuzzy mathematics. Further, obstacle degrees were used to quantify the contribution of pressure, state, and response modules, as well as individual indicators to ecological health. Results The comprehensive evaluation system constructed based on the PSR framework could effectively reflect the ecological health conditions of different regions in the WRB. During the study period, the ecological health went through a process of first deterioration and then improvement. By 2020, the ecological health of seven administrative regions reached healthy levels. The state module was the main obstacle module of the PSR framework to the ecological health of the most regions. The population density (P1), patch density of construction land (S5), comprehensive elasticity index (S8), soil erosion index (R1), and per capital GDP (R3) were the most crucial individual indicators affecting the ecological health. For different cities, the main obstacle factors varied. In economically developed cities, the limiting effect of P1 was more significant, while in economically underdeveloped cities, the limiting effect of R3 was stronger. Conclusions In response to the special natural environment and socio-economic conditions of arid and semi-arid areas in the WRB, an ecological health evaluation index system suitable for the characteristics of the basin was constructed. The results indicated that, to improve the levels of urban ecological health, it is necessary to restore the natural ecological environment and control population size while accelerating economic construction. Our results can provide scientific support for the ecological health evaluation and protection of the WRB and even the arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China.

Topic: Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Negotiating Neoliberal Environments in British Columbia and Ontario, Canada: Restructuring of State – Voluntary Sector Relations and Disability Organizations' Struggles to Survive

As the social programmes of the postwar welfare state have been dramatically cut back and transformed, many have looked to the voluntary nonprofit sector as the ‘beacon of hope’ in terms of delivering support and services to citizens in need of assistance. But at the same time as these organizations have been under mounting pressure to deliver support and services, they have also been subject to forces of change which limit their capacities to play this vital social role. In this paper, we examine how disability organizations in two Canadian provinces have been faring in increasingly harsh neoliberal environments. We look, in particular, at the ways in which these organizations are struggling to negotiate the pressures of diminished and inadequate funding, rising demand for their services, and changing regulatory relations with the state. Drawing on mail surveys of sixty-two disability organizations in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia, we discuss the impacts that organizational survival strategies are having on clients, staff, volunteers and volunteerism, and on the operation and structure of such organizations. We show how disability organizations are experiencing significant pressures to change how they deliver services and supports to disabled people in need. These include pressures to diminish levels of service provision to clients, particularly those in greatest need, to reduce staffing levels and institute survival strategies that negatively impact working conditions, to rely even more heavily upon volunteer labour, and to modify their operations and organizations in a struggle to cope with harsh neoliberal conditions.

Topic: Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Growth in Infants Receiving Modified Fat Breast Milk for the Treatment of Chylothorax following Cardiothoracic Surgery

Background: In infants diagnosed with chylothorax, breast milk provision is often discontinued and a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) formula is prescribed. Alternatively, modified fat breast milk (MFBM) can be used as treatment, however its impact on growth is unclear. Objective: To assess growth in cardiac infants receiving nutrient enriched MFBM for chylothorax treatment. Methods: In this open-label trial, infants were randomized in to one of two interventions: Target Fortification, where MFBM protein concentration was measured prior to fortification (n=3); or Higher Initial Concentration, where MFBM was fortified to a higher initial energy and nutrient level (n=2). For this thesis, analysis of the two MFBM interventions were combined. Growth was compared to infants receiving the standard MCT formula treatment (n=7). Results: No differences were found in the change of weight-for-age, length-for-age, head circumference-for-age and weight-for-length z-scores between the groups. Conclusion: Further MFBM subject recruitment is required to determine how the different nutrient enrichment methods impact growth.

Topic: Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Case of Becker's Nevus with Osteoma Cutis

Becker's nevus is a relatively common acquired focal epidermal melanotic hypermelanosis usually found in the region of the shoulder girdle of young men. Various skeletal malformations and cutaneous dermatoses have been reported in Becker's nevus. Osteoma cutis is a rare disorder characterized by compact bone formation in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. Secondary ossification on nevi has been reported, but not with Becker's nevus. Herein, we report a case of Becker's nevus with accompanying osteoma cutis in an 18-year-old female.

Topic: Genetic and rare skin diseases.
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparing Security Self-Efficacy Amongst College Freshmen and Senior, Female and Male Cybersecurity Students

This study sought to determine if there was a difference in the self-efficacy of freshman and senior, female and male Cybersecurity students relating to threats associated with various information systems. The design for this quantitative study was non-experimental, causal-comparative and known as group comparison used to determine if there was a causal relationship between variables. The method used to make that determination utilized a self-efficacy survey developed by Phelps (2005), to identify the independent variables specific level of self-efficacy. Research was conducted at a small, southern university with total of 33 participants. Each student was enrolled in the Computer Science Department at the university with varying levels of Cybersecurity experience. The research results did not predominately follow other research patterns. Even though there are multiple, historical instances of one’s self-efficacy showing considerable influence on an individual’s actions and approach to various threats, results from this study supported the lesser pervasive accounts where it does not. The results were in line with historical instances where self-efficacy did not play an influential part on one’s actions. In fact there was no statistically significant difference in the Cybersecurity self-efficacy of freshmen and senior, female and male students. Recommendations for future research include identifying why there was no difference between the groups with a larger research group and post hoc testing.

Topic: Information and Cyber Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
APPLICATION OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE TO CONTROL THE FIRST GENERATION OF DENDROLIMUS PUNCTATUS

Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were used to control Dendrolimus punctatus in laboratory.The data was showed that there was small difference in toxicity to 2nd～3rd instar larvae of D. punctatus between M. anisopliae and B. bassiana at 25 ℃ in the laboratory.The n (LC 50 ) of M. anisopliae was 1.06×10 7 L -1 and the t (LT 50 ) was 7.95～ 12.04 d ( n (spore) = 1.0×10 11 ～ 1.0×10 7 L -1 ).The n (LC 50 ) of B. bassiana was 1.37×10 6 L -1 and the t (LT 50 ) was 7.48 ～ 11.27 d ( n (spore) = 1.0×10 11 ～ 1.0×10 7 L -1 ).The strain of M. anisopliae was more tolerant to high temperature and drought than B. bassiana .At high temperature or low humidit y,the pathogenicity of M. anisopliae on D. punctatus was superior to that by B. bassiana .The test indicated that M. anisopliae was greatly superior in controlling first generation of D. punctatus to B. bassiana ,and had greater value in controlling D. punctatus probably. Tab 8, Ref 14

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A review and analysis of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has become synonymous with expanding the athletic opportunities for females. Often misunderstood by educational administrators and the general public, this study attempts to review and analyze the historical development of Title IX with specific attention given to athletics at the collegiate and scholastic levels. Throughout this study, the historical and current status of the Title IX is evaluated as well as a thorough comparison between the law’s current administration with the historical evidence of Title IX’s legislative intent. With the most recent actions involving Title IX in March of 2005, the law’s recent publicity demonstrates the ever increasing importance of understanding the legality of various actions by educational institutions as well as high school athletic associations.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DESIGN OF EDUCATIONAL RECYCLING WASTE MANAGEMENT VIDEO GAME FOR CHILDREN

As time goes by, the earth has undergone many changes, many of which have happened, from natural changes to human lifestyle. Many natural disasters occur as a result of the development of human lifestyles, such as floods caused by littering and piling up. Littering is one of the causes of flooding, therefore it is necessary to build awareness of society, especially children as the next generation.&#x0D; The purpose of " Design of Educational Recycling Waste Management Video Games For Children " is to provide an understanding of waste and be able to find out the products of reusing inorganic and organic waste to children. The benefits of designing interesting video games can stimulate children's psychology in understanding the cleanliness of the environment and provide education that waste can be used.&#x0D; The research method in this design uses the Research and Development method which is used to produce a product and test the effectiveness of the product. The results obtained are that there is a significant difference in children's understanding of waste when playing video games and before playing so that the use of games as educational media can be said to be effective.

Topic: Educational Methods and Impacts
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences