jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Results of Charnley Arthroplasty of the Hip Performed for Protrusio Acetabuli

This paper examines the effects of the social context of economic exchange on the governance of transactions in buyer-supplier relations between firms. We distinguish three dimensions of social embeddedness of transactions, namely, repeated exchange between the partners (temporal embeddedness), relations with third parties such as other firms (network embeddedness) and social institutions that allow for credible agreements and commitments (institutional embeddedness). Together with transaction characteristics, social embeddedness shapes trust problems in economic exchange and how firms mitigate such trust problems through contractual planning. More precisely, we analyse how transaction characteristics and social embeddedness affect effort invested in contractual planning. We argue that social embeddedness provides alternatives for costly contractual planning, such as reciprocity and conditional co-operation. Forty purchase managers participated in a factorial survey. Virtual transactions were presented. Each transaction was represented by a vignette composed of eight characteristics, the levels of which were varied randomly. Three characteristics represented 'economic' features of transactions, namely, transaction-specific investments, monitoring problems and volume of the transaction. Five vignette characteristics represented social embeddedness: the history of previous transactions between the partners, expected future transactions, voice and exit networks and a rough indicator of institutional embeddedness. The purchase managers had to judge how much time negotiations would take, and also how many departments would be involved. Results show that social embeddedness leads a purchase manager to put less effort into the management of the transaction. While one-sided specific investments. monitoring problems and the volume of a transaction induce more negotiation efforts, such efforts decrease if transactions are embedded 'better' in a temporal or network sense, or if buyer and supplier can rely on more institutional embeddedness.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Formation of the American Scientific Community: The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1848-1860

We already know a good deal about the Swiss, Felix Platter, the elder (1536-1614), because the account of his experiences as a medical student at Montpellier is available in English (Beloved son Felix.The journal of Felix Platter a medical student in Mont- pellier in the sixteenth century, translated and introduced by S6an Jennett, London, F

Topic: History of Science and Natural History
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mathematical aspects of optimal control of transference processes in spatial networks

Abstract The new kind of practical issues was born due to modern trend on globalization and transition to the concept of industry 4.0. These are the processes in commercial networks representing the movement of goods and finance, which have specific economic indicators; migration of populations and labor resources; transference of one-parameter continuous media (diffusion effect). The issues with higher level of complexity occur during the research of multi-phase environments dynamics in network-like media and mathematical modeling of such processes. The authors divide these two problems and offer the formalized description for the laminar processes and dynamic convective processes with feedback. There was developed an approach to solve the problems of optimal control for these processes. The research is based on methods for analyzing systems of partial differential equations with distributed parameters on a graph or network-like domain.

Topic: Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Spectral Distributions of the Stray Radiation in the Vicinity of X-ray and Cobalt-60 Units

A scintillation spectrometer able to receive radiation from any given direction has been used to measure the spectral distributions of the radiation near the doors and viewing windows of the rooms housing a 280-kVp machine and a 60Co unit at the Saskatoon Cancer Clinic. From the spectra obtained, certain general features of the scattered radiation are presented.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Peptide Arrays Identify Isoform-Selective Substrates for Profiling Endogenous Lysine Deacetylase Activity

This paper reports the development of a class of isoform-selective peptide substrates for measuring endogenous lysine deacetylase (KDAC) activities in cell culture. The peptides were first identified by comparing the substrate specificity profiles of the four KDAC isoforms KDAC2, KDAC3, KDAC8, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on a 361-member hexapeptide array wherein the two C-terminal residues to the acetylated lysine were varied. The arrays were prepared by immobilizing the peptides to a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiolates on gold and could therefore be analyzed by a mass spectrometry technique termed SAMDI (self-assembled monolayers for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Arrays presenting the selective substrates were treated with nuclear extracts from HeLa, Jurkat, and smooth muscle cells and analyzed to measure endogenous deacetylase activities. We then use the arrays to profile KDAC activity through the HeLa cell cycle. We find that the activity profile of the KDAC3 selective peptide closely mirrors the changing acetylation state of the H4 histone, suggesting a role for this enzyme in cell cycle regulation. This work is significant because it describes a general route for identifying selective substrates that can be used to understand the differential roles of members of the deacetylase enzyme family in complex biological processes and further because the label-free approach avoids perturbation of enzyme activity that has plagued fluorescence-based assays.

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lack of association between the norepinephrine transporter gene and major depression in a Han Chinese population

Objective: Although the physiological mechanisms contributing to the development of major depression remain unclear, several lines of evidence suggest that the catecholaminergic system involving the norepinephrine transporter (NET) is implicated in the etiology of major depression. This study aims to determine whether major depression is associated with the NET gene in a Han Chinese population. Methods: We analyzed the NET promoter T-182C polymorphism and another silent polymorphism G1287A in exon 9 of the NET gene with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method in 216 patients with major depression and 210 unrelated, age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We interviewed all subjects with the Chinese Version of the Modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime; major depressive disorder was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. In addition, to reduce the clinical heterogeneity, we performed a subtype analysis with clinically important variables, such as family history of major affective disorder and age at onset of major depression. Results: No significant difference was observed between the patients and healthy control subjects in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the investigated NET polymorphisms. Similarly, no significant differences were found between more homogeneous subgroups of patients and normal control subjects. Conclusions: This study suggests that the investigated polymorphisms in the NET gene are not major risk factors in increasing susceptibility to either major depression or its clinical subtypes in a Han Chinese population. However, larger replication studies with different ethnic samples are needed.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel anti-melanoma SRC-family kinase inhibitor

The major drawback of melanoma therapy with BRAF and MAPK inhibitors is the innate and acquired drug resistance. We therefore explored alternative targets and developed a new compound, SAB298, that is a SRC-family kinase (SFK) inhibitor. The drug is cytotoxic to patient-derived melanoma cells regardless of oncogene expression and inhibits tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>. As expected, it inhibited SRC and PI3K activity, and had the additional property of ERBB2 inhibition, that lead to inactivation of the two ERK phosphatases PP2A and SHP2. In 57% of the melanoma cell lines tested, the consequent increase in ERK activity lead to proteolytic degradation of its substrate, the lineage specific transcription factor MITF, likely contributing to growth arrest. Treatment with a combination of SAB298 and AZD6244 (selumetinib), induced a synergistic growth inhibition, suggesting that the new compound could be used in the clinic as a substitute for, or in combination with MAPK inhibitors.

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The mobile mandibular ridge, a denture nightmare : review

Successful denture wearers do not detect the gradual loss of retention and stability of dentures due to the slow rate of normal alveolar bone resorption and also to the ongoing habituation to unstable dentures that takes place. In addition to this are economical factors, especially in the aged that often lead to the wearing of dentures long beyond the desired clinical lifetime. The problem only becomes apparent when these patients present with peripheral pressure ulcers due to lack of denture contact on the basal tissues.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Significant Role of Structural Fractures in Ren-Qiu Buried-Block Oil Field, Eastern China: ABSTRACT

Ren-qiu oil field is in a buried block of Sinian (upper Proterozoic) rocks located in the Ji-zhong depression of the western Bohai Bay basin in eastern China. The main reservoir consists of Sinian dolomite rocks. It is a fault block with a large growth fault on the west side which trends north-northeast with throws of up to 1 km (0.6 mi) or more. The source rocks for the oil are Paleogene age and overlie the Sinian dolomite rocks. The structural fractures are the main factor forming the reservoir of the buried-block oil field. Three structural lines, trending northeast, north-northeast, and northwest, form the regional netted fracture system. The structural fractures are best developed along the north-northeast fault zones and at the intersections of other structural lines. Since the regional stress field was changed during the late Mesozoic Era, the mechanical properties of the north-northeast fault zones were changed from compressive shear to extensive shear. Therefore, the expansion of the structural fractures provided a good pathway for the activity of karst water. The north-northeast growth fault controlled the structural development of the buried block. The block was raised and eroded before the Tertiary sediments were deposited, so that the Sinian dolomite rocks were exposed to the surface and underwent weathering and leaching for a long period. In the Eocene Epoch, the Ji-zhong depression subsided, but the deposition, faulting, and related uplift of the block happened synchronously as the block was gradually submerged. At the same time, several horizontal and vertical karst zones were formed by the karst water along the netted structural fractures. The Eocene oil source rocks lapped onto the block and so the buried block, with many developed karst fractures, was surrounded by a great thickness of source rocks. As the growth fault developed, the height of the block was increased from 400 m (1,300 ft) before the Oligocene to 1,300 m (4,250 ft) after. As the petroleum was generated, it migrated immediately into the karst fractures of the buried block along the growth fault. The karst-fractured block reservoir has an 800-m (2,600-ft) high oil-bearing closure and good connections developed between the karst fractures. This is the high-yield Ren-qiu buried block oil field. End_of_Article - Last_Page 459------------

Topic: Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Galština a její stopy ve francouzštině

Bachelor thesis Gaulish and its traces in French deals with the topic of Gaulish as one of the languages, which was in past spoken at the area of today's France and which in a relatively important way influenced the actual French, more precisely left its traces in it. The main purpose of this thesis is to create a coherent descriptive work which will as a first in Czech deal about Gaulish and which will point out its influences on actual French and therethroug it opens a possibility to further and more detailed research. The first part of the thesis deals with Gaulish in general which means its historical definition, sociolinguistic influences in reation to Latin, reflexion of the accessible archeological and literary sources of studies of this language and the general context and then also the position of Gaulish within celtic languages and its basic characteristics from the linguistic point of view. The second part of the thesis is focused on formo f Gaulish in different parts of languague studies, so the gaulish phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax and last not least the vocabulary. Each of these part sis completed with a reflection of gaulish traces in actual French.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Homoeopathy: medicine or magic?

guidelines laid down for the profession to follow, and this certainly is an area where public participation and debate must be provided.Nor may the cost-benefit ratio be the only test that is relevant.Some may want to consider the age of the patient, as is done with renal dialysis in Britain.Others may attach weight to the contribution patients make to society or the degree to which they were responsible for their illness.Should haemophiliacs with HIV infection and AIDS be treated any differently from others with the conditions?Should confirmed alcoholics be given an expensive liver transplant if they refuse to give up drink?In Oregon the public expressed interest in 13 social values, but only a few will be incorporated in the process and no one knows yet how it will be done.There remains the problem of deciding how resources should be allocated.Professor Klein is right to stress the need for public and professional involvement, but this will not make the decision process any easier.Many views will be expressed and health authorities will still have the task of reconciling conflicting priorities.Nor can they ignore political realities.Internal market or not, the acute sector is likely to retain the lion's share of funds with the largest amounts still going to the most powerful specialties-those producing the most revenue.If groups like the mentally ill are to be justly treated then central direction combined with ring fenced financing will be needed.Butthe whole process would be greatly facilitated if the NHS were adequately funded.Rationing and resource allocation will be seen to be fair only when Britain devotes as much of its gross national product to health care as does the rest of the European Community.

Topic: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Early Senescence of Cortical Cells in the Roots of Cereals. How Good is the Evidence?

There are numerous reports that cortical cells senesce in young, otherwise healthy main roots of cereals, including corn. These are based on apparent absence of nuclei in root segments or transverse sections after acridine-orange staining. Senescence is said to progress from the outer to the inner cortex basipetally from the root tip, except cells around branch bases where nuclei always stain. We studied axile roots of soil-grown cereals using various methods to detect nuclei primarily in longitudinal sections. No senescence marked by nuclear loss was found in healthy-looking intact cortices. Cortical cells of mature corn roots remained alive except where aerenchyma developed. No cortical death had occurred in barley, wheat, or oat seminal roots in 15-,17-, and 20-day-old plants, respectively, but cortical cells in older regions of seminal and nodal roots did collapse and slough off, but with no evidence for earlier loss of nuclei. Failure to detect acridine-orange-stained nuclei may not indicate that cells are senescent, and can be an artifact caused by sectioning method and wall impermeability. The effectiveness of other methods for evaluation of root cell vitality is discussed.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 861379: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer

The charge moment expansion for potentials of mean force acting between the ions of an electrolyte is reviewed in a form applicable to surface phases. An integral equation is in this manner derived for approximate determination of the average charge distribution near a planar electrode. The solution of the linearized equation is constructed for an electrolyte consisting of charged hard spheres suspended in a dielectric continuum. For very dilute solutions, the predictions of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation are verified; at higher concentrations, the average space charge in the neighborhood of the electrode tends to alternate in sign as a result of local latticelike ion arrangement imposed effectively by short range ion repulsions. Predicted values of the ζ potential relative to those of the linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory are reported.

Topic: Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Decision, intention, expectation, willingness, and volition: Critics and comments

There are thousands of studies aimed at predicting future behavior. The most outstanding concept in those quests is behavioral intention. However, many researchers fell into misusing those concepts, raising the inaccuracy of the prediction. Many researchers paid no considerable attention to the specific context of their study. This article aims to give the direction to avoid that trap and to straighten out the proper use of the concept of decision, goal intentions, specific intention, implementation, behavioral expectation, behavioral willingness, and volition. The author also outlines their relevance to a particular behavior. Original Article | Turnitin

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com câncer em tratamento radioterápico

Objective: to evaluate the health-related quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy treatment.&#13;\nIt was carried out with 41 patients between 2009-2010 in central radiotherapy. Methods: this is a longitudinal study. It was&#13;\nused the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy Head and Neck. The predominance of cases were male, with a mean age of&#13;\n62 years. Results: in the 5 domains assessed, the one that was more affected was the “physical well-being”, which is directly&#13;\nrelated to the side effects of treatment. Conclusion: the symptoms caused by the treatment are negatively associated with&#13;\nthe Quality of Life Related to Health Care, so it is important that the health care team assess and identify the needs of the&#13;\npatient, allowing him to have a monitor that meets your needs and minimize symptoms.

Topic: Palliative and Oncologic Care
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from epicardial adipose tissue reverse cardiac remodeling in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of death. MI-related tissue loss and cardiac remodeling may result in heart failure. Intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues, in acute MI animal models, has shown promising regenerative capabilities. This study aimed to investigate the myocardial regenerative capacity of epicardial adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in a rabbit model of MI.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: A rabbit model of MI was performed in three groups: a sham-operated group, a control group, and a treatment group. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation via thoracotomy in the first operation. Four weeks after the first operation, intramyocardial injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control group) or ADSCs (10×106 in 100 μL; treatment group) were performed in the peri-infarct zone. Four weeks after the second operation, rabbits were sacrificed for further analysis.\n\nRESULTS: A significant increase in ejection fraction (p&lt;0.0001) was detected in the treatment group, along with a significant increase in vascular density (p&lt;0.001) and a significant decrease in infarct size (p&lt;0.05) compared to the control group.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Epicardial adipose tissue is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, as well as having neoangiogenic properties. Due to its potential to ameliorate chronic ischemic changes in the heart, it may be preferable in cardiac regenerative cell therapies.

Topic: Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Amorphous indium-tin-zinc oxide films deposited by magnetron sputtering with various reactive gases: Spatial distribution of thin film transistor performance

This work presents the spatial distribution of electrical characteristics of amorphous indium-tin-zinc oxide film (a-ITZO), and how they depend on the magnetron sputtering conditions using O2, H2O, and N2O as the reactive gases. Experimental results show that the electrical properties of the N2O incorporated a-ITZO film has a weak dependence on the deposition location, which cannot be explained by the bombardment effect of high energy particles, and may be attributed to the difference in the spatial distribution of both the amount and the activity of the reactive gas reaching the substrate surface. The measurement for the performance of a-ITZO thin film transistor (TFT) also suggests that the electrical performance and device uniformity of a-ITZO TFTs can be improved significantly by the N2O introduction into the deposition process, where the field mobility reach to 30.8 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is approximately two times higher than that of the amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide TFT.

Topic: Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences