jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Professional development for teacher leaders: using activity theory to understand the complexities of sustainable change

This article presents findings from a two-year, qualitative study of K-12 teacher Fellows involved in a grant-funded professional development program. Aiming to foster sustainable change in districts and support emergent teacher leadership, the program enabled Fellows to collaboratively reflect on practice and develop as teacher leaders who lead informally from the classroom. Using activity theory as an analytical lens, the following main themes emerged in the data: (1) Teacher leaders have complex definitions of teacher leadership that parallel teaching beliefs; (2) Teacher leaders need strong communication skills to collaborate within different contexts; (3) Teacher leaders benefit from work on vertical articulation; and (4) School culture and administrative support influences teacher leadership. We explore the implications for professional development programs in districts, and in particular, those that address the need to cultivate teacher leadership.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Antibody-independent effector mechanisms in resistance to the intestinal nematode parasite Trichuris muris

The development of a strong Th2-type immune response is essential in resistance to the intestinal nematode parasite Trichuris muris. Although the underlying cell-regulatory mechanisms important in protective immunity are well defined, the actual Th2-controlled effector mechanisms culminating in worm expulsion are uncharacterized. Using methodology involving the selective reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficiency mice with highly pure populations of CD4+ T cells from immune BALB/c donors, we show here that antibody is not an essential component in resistance to T. muris. Thus, CD4+ T cells purified from BALB/c donor mice at a time point when Th2 cells are in dominance (days 19 to 21 postinfection) confer resistance to infection on recipient severe combined immunodeficiency mice in the complete absence of an antibody response.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new framework of LSB steganalysis of digital media

We propose a general framework for the detection of the least significant bit (LSB) steganography using digital media files as cover objects. The new framework exploits high-order statistics of the samples. It can compute a robust estimate of the length of a secret message hidden in the LSBs of samples for a large class of digital media contents such as image, video, and audio, in which the underlying signals consist of correlated samples. A case study on the LSB steganalysis of natural grey-scale and color images and experimental results are reported.

Topic: Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Foraging Behavior ofLaboratory Cultured

We examined the intra-tree foraging behavior of mature, individually-rel eased, laboraiorycukurcd (for more than 300 generations) Mediterranean fruit fly females, Omtitis tapilala (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), on field-caged potted host trees bearing different den sities or qualities of host fruit (kumquats) and compared 27 behavioral trails with those ofwildorigin females examined earlier under the same conditions. Responses of the Utb-ctiltured females were generally qualitatively similar to but quantitatively different from responses of the wild females.

Topic: Insect behavior and control techniques
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
High hepatitis E virus antibody positive rates in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west of China

Summary Hepatitis E ( HE ) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by hepatitis E virus ( HEV ). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection among dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west region of China. A total of 4,490 dog serum samples and 2,206 relative practitioner serum samples were collected from 18 pet hospitals and dog farms in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou province, and the anti‐ HEV IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA . The results showed that the total positive rate of anti‐ HEV antibodies was 36.55% with the highest rate in city stray dogs, and the differences in distinct species and growth phases were significant. The positive rate of anti‐ HEV antibody in veterinarian and farm staff‐related practitioners was significantly higher than the general population. The finding of the present survey suggested that high HEV seroprevalence in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west area of China poses a significant public health concern. It is urgent to improve integrated strategies to detect, prevent and control HEV infection in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in this area.

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD Magnetics #64460.1

Magnetic measurements for estimating global parameters and for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study to introduce diamagnetic flux measurement and MHD mode analysis. Various types of magnetic sensors are used; Rogowski coils and magnetic probes inside and ourside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The provision of teaching and learning materials in science subjects in the High School of Northern Province

This study investigated the provision of science teaching and learning materials in the high schools of Northern Province. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the current practices in the provision of teaching and learning materials in high schools; to assess the adequacy and state of the existing science physical infrastructure in high schools; to establish the adequacy of teaching and learning materials in science subjects through such indicators as pupil-book ratio; pupil-laboratory space ratio; and pupil-equipment ratio and to find out the challenges which schools face in the provision of teaching and learning materials in science subjects. The study employed a survey and descriptive study research designs were used. Twenty five schools, 25 heads of science departments and 15 deputy head teachers were randomly sampled to form the study sample. Data was collected using questionnaires and observation schedules. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for quantitative analysis of data whereas the views of participants were analysed qualitatively by grouping them into categories according to emerging themes. The findings were that some key science teaching and learning materials were not available in school. Even those which were available were not adequate. For instance, the pupil-apparatus ratio for the most abundant apparatus was 14:1. Similarly, the pupil-book ratios for the most abundant text books were 7.2:1, 14:1 and 23: for biology, chemistry and physics respectively. Most schools did not have science laboratories. Furthermore, most schools did not have a science policy. Apart from that teachers were facing a lot of challenges in the teaching of science such as over-enrolment of pupils amidst lack of teaching and learning materials. It was also revealed that the local book publishing industry and the National Science Centre were doing very little to increase the availability of teaching and learning materials in science in schools.The study recommends increased government funding towards the purchasing of science materials by increasing per pupil capita; government investment in laboratory and classroom construction and support for the book publishing industry.

Topic: African Education and Politics
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On Whitney type inequalities for local anisotropic polynomial approximation

We prove a multivariate Whitney type theorem for the local anisotropic polynomial approximation in $L_p(Q)$ with $1\leq p\leq \infty$. Here $Q$ is a $d$-parallelepiped in $\RR^d$ with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. We consider the error of best approximation of a function $f$ by algebraic polynomials of fixed degree at most $r_i - 1$ in variable $x_i,\ i=1,...,d$, and relate it to a so-called total mixed modulus of smoothness appropriate to characterizing the convergence rate of the approximation error. This theorem is derived from a Johnen type theorem on equivalence between a certain K-functional and the total mixed modulus of smoothness which is proved in the present paper.

Topic: Mathematical Approximation and Integration
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Constructal study on a cylindrical heat source based on entransy theory

Based on the constructal and entransy theories,a constructal study on a cylindrical heat source cooled by laminar flow is carried out by applying equivalent resistance minimization as the optimization objective.The effects of the cylindrical diameter and the heat transfer coefficient of the heat source on its heat transfer performance are analyzed.The results show that when the volume of the heat source is fixed,there is no optimal diameter that leads to the minimum equivalent resistance of the heat source.With a decrease in the diameter and an increase in the heat transfer coefficient of the heat source,the equivalent resistance decreases,and the global heat transfer performance of the heat source system improves.Additionally,the surface temperature of the cylindrical heat source increases gradually along the flow direction,while its surface heat transfer coefficient decreases.Our results can provide some theoretical guidelines for the constructal designs of heat sources.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases

Studies revealed an association between vitamin D deficiency and the frequency of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. This review is aimed at summarizing evidence for the association of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The data was collected by surfing the Pubmed, Cochrane Central Registry and EMBASE databases for appropriate and related studies. Search terms included: "Vitamin D", "cardiovascular diseases", "CVD", "calcitriol" and "1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D". The abstracts of the discovered articles were reviewed, and the full texts of the articles that met the criteria were then evaluated to be used for the study. The large number of clinical trials, cross-sectional, prospective and systematic review studies are evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with most cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and with the pathogenesis of CVD. However, with regard to the clinical trial studies evaluated in this work, vitamin D supplementation did not decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preventing Informal Urban Development: Through Means of Sustainable Land Use Control

<p style="text-align: left">The issue of informal development was discussed in details at the joint FIG Com 3 and UNECE/WPLA workshop in Sounio, Greece, March 2007. Emphasis was given to the scale of the problem in Southern and Eastern Europe and to means of legalising such informal urban development. This paper, instead, addresses the main issue of how to prevent informal urban development, especially through the use of adequate and sustainable means of land use control and good governance. Three key means are addressed: <em>Decentralisation: </em>There is a need to separate central policy/regulation making and local decision making. This is directly linked to citizen participation in the process of land use control. Decentralisation should aim to combine responsibility for decision making with accountability for financial, social, and environmental consequences. Decentralisation requires access to appropriate quality of land information. <em>Comprehensive planning: </em>This should combine the overall land use policies and the more detailed land-use regulations into one planning document covering the total jurisdiction. Presentation of political aims and objectives as well as problems and preconditions, should then justify the detailed land-use planning and the more detailed land-use regulations. This understanding is important - also as a basis for citizen participation - since planning regulations creates different land use options for the various land owners and citizens. <p style="text-align: left"><em>Participation: </em>This should serve as a means to create broader awareness and understanding of the need for planning regulations and enable a locally based dialogue between government and citizens around development opportunities and the need for development control. Eventually, such dialogue should legitimise the local political decision making. But how to involve the citizens in the decision making process? Legislation in itself is not enough. A cultural change within society may need to be encouraged. Again, access to participation requires access to land information. <p style="text-align: left">Comprehensive planning at local level supported by citizen participation should also enable establishment proper monitoring systems and enforcement procedures to control and legalise actual informal development.

Topic: Urbanization and City Planning
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Facilitating Actions of Service Sociology

In 1906, at the height of the Progressive era, Lester F. Ward asserted that the mission of applied sociology was the intentional improvement of social conditions. Over a century later, applied sociology is actively involved in addressing a variety of social problems. In today’s culture of service, a new applied humanist sociology of social problems—service sociology—is emerging. Service sociology has its heritage in the Progressive era reformism of the three early American sociologies of the social gospel, settlement sociology, and charity sociology, as well as in the three contemporary neoprogressive sociologies of humanist/liberation sociology, communitarianism, and public sociology. The main goal of the sociology of service is to proffer neighborly service to recipient partners in need and from a communal orientation. In this article, I discuss the nature and structure of the sociologically informed, solutions-oriented practices that are at the core of service sociology, its facilitating actions.

Topic: Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Item 1: Syllabus: Global Citizenship: Culture and the Environment in Indonesia

This hybrid course includes three weeks of online synchronous and asynchronous meetings and a three-week on-site education abroad program in Indonesia. The course is designed to deepen student understanding of global citizenship by immersing participants in the rich cultural tapestry and diverse environmental landscapes of this Southeast Asian archipelago. Course content, assignments, and activities focus on the concept of global citizenship in general and are specifically oriented around the intersection of Indonesia's vibrant cultures and pressing environmental challenges. The primary goal of the course is to foster an integrated understanding of global cultural formations and sustainable environmental practices. Course activities include a substantial experiential learning component; students will be meeting with and working with local educational partners and community organizations in Jambi and Yogyakarta Indonesia. The course can be adapted for education abroad in almost any location in the Global South or even for regional US contexts where there is noteworthy cultural distinctiveness.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions: A Scoping Review of Pharmacovigilance Databases

Drug-related adverse events or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are currently partially or substantially under-reported. ADR reporting systems need to expand their focus to include sex- and gender-related factors in order to understand, prevent, or reduce the occurrence of ADRs in all people, particularly women. This scoping review describes adverse drug reactions reported to international pharmacovigilance databases. It identifies the drug classes most commonly associated with ADRs and synthesizes the evidence on ADRs utilizing a sex- and gender-based analysis plus (SGBA+) to assess the differential outcomes reported in the individual studies. We developed a systematic search strategy and applied it to six electronic databases, ultimately including 35 papers. Overall, the evidence shows that women are involved in more ADR reports than men across different countries, although in some cases, men experience more serious ADRs. Most studies were conducted in higher-income countries; the terms adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events are used interchangeably, and there is a lack of standardization between systems. Additional research is needed to identify the relationships between sex- and gender-related factors in the occurrence and reporting of ADRs to adequately detect and prevent ADRs, as well as to tailor and prepare effective reporting for the lifecycle management of drugs.

Topic: Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimization of the epoxy resin water dispersion for modification of the RAP cold recycled mixes

Abstract This article presents the results of studies to optimize the composition of water dispersion of epoxy resin for the modification of RAP cold recycled mixes. The resulting water dispersion is easily combined with the bitumen emulsion and can be easily applied in the preparation of cold mixes. This kind of modification will significantly improve their reliability and durability and to closer in magnitude to the properties of hot asphalt concrete widely used for the construct of road pavements. In order to improve the efficiency of the modification process, the process of emulsification of epoxy oligomers in the presence of nonionic surfactants and further application of the obtained dispersions as a component of bitumen emulsions used for the preparation of RAP cold recycled mixes is justified. This kind of integrated approach to the selection of the composition of water dispersion of epoxy resin provided a higher level of its interaction in the formation of elastic and viscous bonds of increased strength in the formation of the structure of composites based on asphalt, bitumen emulsions and cement.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peer Review #1 of "Associations between lower extremity muscle mass and metabolic parameters related to obesity in Japanese obese patients with type 2 diabetes (v0.1)"

Background.Age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) increases the incidence of obesity in the elderly by reducing physical activity.This sarcopenic obesity may become self-perpetuating, increasing the risks for metabolic syndrome, disability, and mortality.We investigated the associations of two sarcopenic indices, the ratio of lower extremity muscle mass to body weight (L/W ratio) and the ratio of lower extremity muscle mass to upper extremity muscle mass (L/U ratio), with metabolic parameters related to obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.Methods.Of 148 inpatients with type 2 diabetes treated between October 2013 and April 2014, we recruited 26 with obesity but no physical disability.Daily physical activity was measured by a triaxial accelerometer during a period of hospitalization, and which was also evaluated by our previously reported non-exercise activity thermogenesis questionnaire.We measured body composition by bioelectrical impedance and investigated the correlations of L/W and L/U ratios with body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, serum lipid profile, and daily physical activity.Results.The L/W ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with BMI, WC, WHR, body fat mass, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat area, and serum free fatty acid concentration, was positively correlated with daily physical activity: the locomotive nonexercise activity thermogenesis score, but was not correlated with visceral fat area.The L/U ratio was significantly and positively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions.High L/W and L/U ratios, indicative of relatively preserved lower extremity muscle mass, were predictive of improved metabolic parameters related to obesity.Preserved muscle fitness in obesity, especially of the lower extremities, may prevent sarcopenic obesity and lower associated risks for metabolic syndrome and early mortality.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Index Coding and Network Coding via Rank Minimization

Index codes reduce the number of bits broadcast by a wireless transmitter to a number of receivers with different demands and with side information. It is known that the problem of finding optimal linear index codes is NP-hard. We investigate the performance of different heuristics based on rank minimization and matrix completion methods, such as alternating projections and alternating minimization, for constructing linear index codes over the reals. As a summary of our results, the alternating projections method gives the best results in terms of minimizing the number of broadcast bits and convergence rate and leads to up to 13% savings in average communication cost compared to graph coloring algorithms studied in the literature. Moreover, we describe how the proposed methods can be used to construct linear network codes for non-multicast networks. Our computer code is available online.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences