jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Per unit modeling of wind energy conversion system based on PMSG

This paper presents per unit modeling of variable speed wind energy conversion system utilizing Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The per unit representation enables comparison of different sizes of the system independent on system size. The PMSG is integrated to the grid via a full scale back-to-back converter to suit the grid frequency and voltage also to control the reactive power compensation. This paper compares 1 kW and 2 MW wind turbine systems performance at different operating conditions to verify the presented model.

Topic: Wind Turbine Control Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of substrata on flora of attached diatom assemblage with reference to biological water quality assessment.

When the biological assessment of water pollution using attached algal corn munitiesis done, it is an important problem whether or not the algal floras are same on different substrata. This investigation was carried out to make it clear in an artificial water way. Following facts have been clarified through the research.In the beginning of succession process, the diatom assemblages were considerably different with each other between different substrata in their species components, and also the variation of their values of diatom assemblage index to organic water pollution (DAIpo) was large. However, the difference among the assemblages disappeared and DAIpo values became almost equal, in a mature stage of succession. From the results, it seems to be suggested that samples collected from various substrata in addition to stones or rocks are useful to provide the proper judgement to water pollution, so far as we use the samples in the mature stage of succession under the prearranged condition.

Topic: Diatoms and Algae Research
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The formation of a plasma channel in the optical breakdown of a gas by tubular Bessel beams

The plasma formed by the breakdown of gases (argon was used in the experiments, whereas argon and helium were considered in the calculations) at atmospheric pressure in light beams was studied experimentally and modelled numerically. The field amplitude in these beams was virtually constant in the direction of propagation and described by a high-order Bessel function in the radial direction. The initial stage in the evolution of a spark, when the tubular configuration of the heating-radiation caustic exerts the greatest influence on the characteristics of the plasma channel, was investigated.

Topic: Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Initial Development and Testing of an Adaptive Mission Planner for a Small Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

An Adaptive Mission Planner (AMP) was developed for the REMUS Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) in order to have the vehicle react to real-time sensor data and alter course for the purpose of chemical plume tracing. In order for a UUV to track a plume autonomously, it must implement search strategies in an intelligent manner as dictated by environmental circumstances without human intervention. Throughout the mission, the UUV will combine the sensed flow and concentration information to construct a map of likely source or plume locations. This AMP has been designed and tested in simulation at the University of California, Riverside, and has now been installed on the SPAWARSYSCEN-SD REMUS UUV. This paper will describe the search strategies and initial field tests which use the AMP to break away from the vehicle’s pre-programmed missions. Two sets of experiments are described herein. The first uses bathymetry as the environmental driving input. The second uses chemical concentration as the primary input.

Topic: Insect Pheromone Research and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Review Article Noninvasive Imaging of Cardiac Electrophysiology

Noninvasive imaging of cardiac electrophysiology is still a major goal despite all recent technical innovations. This review gives an overview about the historical background, recent developments and possible future applications of noninvasive imaging of cardiac electrophysiology.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving Energy Consumption by Using Cluster Based Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Multi-path is favorite alternative for sensor networks, as it provides an easy mechanism to distribute traffic, as well as considerate fault tolerance. In this paper, a new clustering based multi path routing protocol namely ECRR (Energy efficient Cluster based Routing algorithm for improving Reliability) is proposed, which is a new routing algorithm and guarantees the achievement to required QoS of wireless sensor networks and can reduces the energy consumption. Proposed protocol has better performance in comparison the existing ones.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-binding protein-1 (Onercept) injected by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes into healthy volunteers.

The safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-binding protein-1 (r-hTBP-1, Onercept) were investigated after intravascular and extravascular injection, in three studies in healthy volunteers. Subjects received Onercept as single intravenous doses of 5, 15, 50 and 150 mg, or single IV, IM, SC injection of 50 mg, or six repeated SC injections of 50 mg. Based on vital signs, hematology and blood chemistry, antibodies to study drug and local tolerability, r-hTBP-1 exhibited a remarkably safe profile. There was no evidence of alteration of hepatic oxidative metabolism. Recombinant-hTBP-1 showed linear pharmacokinetics that could be described by a triexponential model, and exhibited an initial half-life of 30 min, an intermediate half-life of 4 hours and a terminal elimination half-life of about 15 hours, although it was prolonged to 21 hours after repeated SC injections. The total clearance was estimated at 4 l/h. The initial (Vc) and steady state (Vss) volumes of distribution were approximately 4 l and 10 l, respectively. Renal clearance was minimal, representing around 2.5% of the total clearance, and remained constant after increasing doses of r-hTBP-1. The absorption was slow and biphasic. The immunoactivity of r-hTBP-1 was closely related to its biological activity, although the assessment was limited to only some of the samples. As anticipated in normal healthy volunteers, the pharmacodynamic response was generally not different from placebo. Total TNF-alpha serum levels increased slightly, 1 hour following IV administration of 50 mg and 150 mg r-hTBP-1. However, no major increase in the active entity levels (free TNF-alpha) was observed. In addition, no TNF-alpha-driven biological response was observed, i.e. C-reactive protein, IL-6 and fibrinogen remained almost constant, as did transferrin and albumin. Its safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics make Onercept a candidate drug suitable for antagonising pathologically high levels of TNF-alpha as reported in inflammatory, immune and cardiovascular diseases.

Topic: S100 Proteins and Annexins
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep CNN-BiLSTM Model for Transportation Mode Detection Using Smartphone Accelerometer and Magnetometer

Transportation mode detection from smartphone data is investigated as a relevant problem in the multi-modal transportation systems context. Neural networks are chosen as a timely and viable solution. The goal of this paper is to solve such a problem with a combination model of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bidirectional-Long short-term memory (BiLSTM) only processing accelerometer and magnetometer data. The performance in terms of accuracy and F1 score on the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion-Transportation (SHL) challenge 2018 dataset is comparable to methods that require the processing of a wider range of sensors. The uniqueness of our work is the light architecture requiring less computational resources for training and consequently a shorter inference time.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in a Water-filled Square Cavity Partially Heated from Below: The Effects of Richardson and Prandtl Numbers

In the present study, fluid flow, heat transfer, and entropy generation for mixed convection inside a water-filled square cavity were investigated numerically. The sidewalls of the cavity, which move upwards, are kept at low-temperature Tc while only a part in the center of the bottom wall is kept at high-temperature Th and the remaining parts are kept adiabatic. The governing equations, in stream function–vorticity form, are discretized and solved using the finite difference method. Particular attention was paid to the influence of the Prandtl numbers of 5.534, 3.045 and 2, corresponding respectively to the water temperatures of 303.15 K, 333.15 K and 363.15 K. The numerical results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, and entropy generation contours for different values of the Richardson numbers at an arbitrary Reynolds number Re=102. Besides this, the evolution of the average Nusselt number and the average entropy generation is also reported. The obtained results show interesting behaviors of the flow and thermal fields, which mainly involve stable symmetric and non-symmetric steady-state solutions, as well as unsteady regimes, depending on specific values of the Richardson and Prandtl numbers. It is additionally observed that the average Nusselt number increases and the average entropy generation decreases when both the Richardson and Prandtl numbers increase.

Topic: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Philosophy of Havruta: Understanding and Teaching the Art of Text Study in Pairs

No longer confined to traditional institutions devoted to Talmudic studies, havruta work, or the practice of students studying materials in pairs, has become a relatively widespread phenomenon across denominational and educational settings of Jewish learning. However, until now there has been little discussion of what havruta text study entails and how it might be conceptualized and taught. This book breaks new ground from two perspectives: by offering a model of havruta text study situated in broader theories of interpretation and learning, and by treating havruta text study as composed of textual, interpersonal and intra-personal practices which can be taught and learned. We lay out the conceptual foundations of our approach and provide examples of their pedagogical implementation for the teaching of havruta text study. Included are illustrative lesson plans, teachers' notes and students’ reflections, exercises for students, and other instructional materials for teaching core concepts and practices

Topic: Jewish Identity and Society
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of education on health-beliefs in an emerging economy: Understanding urban vs. rural differences and the moderating effect of social capital

In this paper, we assert the critical influence of education on health-beliefs among women from India, an emerging economy. We further examine the urban vs. rural differences and the role of social capital in shaping health-beliefs of women. Using nationally representative data of eligible women from India, we find education to have a positive influence on health-beliefs. We find this effect to be higher in rural regions. Further, we find social capital to negatively moderate the effect of education. Our findings stress the importance of education, especially in rural regions.

Topic: Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Robotic surgery in urology: a narrative review from the beginning to the single-site

Abstract: Robotic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that is becoming increasingly popular in surgery and especially in urology. More and more major urological interventions, such as radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomies, are evolving into laparoscopic and robotic minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery itself is constantly evolving in order to improve its performance and minimally invasiveness. A non-systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed/Medline electronic search engine using the following terms: “robotic surgery” or “development of robotic surgery” or “single site surgery” or “single port surgery”. Although it is a very recent technology, some preliminary experiences have been presented in the literature that document the feasibility of some major urological interventions, including radical prostatectomies, radical cystectomy, partial nephrectomy and ureterocystoneostomy. Long-term oncological and functional outcomes are not yet available and require more follow-up. Anyway, the single-port robotic system has proved feasible and safe, although in small cases series. Re-evaluating the development of robotic surgery, with each innovation, it aroused great enthusiasm, leading to a great diffusion of the method before having randomized clinical trials that confirmed the effective improvement of the technique compared to the gold standard. The urological community should not miss the second chance to be able to evaluate an emerging technique based on comparative clinical studies.

Topic: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of education on breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among middle school students

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the impact of a school health module on the breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of middle school students. Method: A convenience sample of 39 middle school students received education related to breastfeeding and completed a pre-test and a post-test. The School Survey on Breastfeeding Beliefs and Attitudes tool was used to determine if an educational module could change attitudes and knowledge about infant feeding. The survey instruments were identical for the pre-test and the post-test. Results: Inferential statistics and a multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of the education module in attitudes and knowledge towards breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that education modules in the middle school setting can address myths regarding infant feeding and delineate barriers for acceptance and support of breastfeeding. Recommendations include further research exploring the impact of breastfeeding education on attitudes towards breastfeeding in larger, randomised groups.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inhaled Corticosteroid Exposure in Hospitalized Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Objective The objective of this paper was to determine inhaled corticosteroid (IC) use in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), define the interhospital variation of IC administration to infants with BPD, and compare clinical, demographic, and hospital factors associated with IC use. Study Design Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, a retrospective multicenter cohort of 4,551 infants born at &lt;32 weeks of gestation with developing BPD was studied. The clinical, demographic, and hospital characteristics of infants exposed and not exposed to ICs were compared. Results IC use varied markedly between hospitals, ranging from 0 to 66% of infants with BPD exposed to ICs. Increased annual BPD census was not associated with IC use. In total, 25% (1,144 out of 4,551) of patients with BPD and 43% (536 out of 1,244) of those with severe BPD received ICs. Increased IC exposure was associated with lower birth weight and gestational age, days on respiratory support, need for positive pressure ventilation at 36-week postmenstrual age, need for tracheostomy, and increased use of systemic steroids, bronchodilators, and diuretics. Conclusion IC exposure is common in infants with BPD, with substantial interhospital variability. IC use was associated with more severe disease. Hospital experience did not account for the wide variability in IC use by the hospital. Further research into the effects of ICs use is urgently needed to help guide their use in this vulnerable population. Key Points

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aging test results of an asphalt membrane liner

The objective of the asphalt aging study described in this report was to determine the expected performance lifetime of a catalytically airblown asphalt membrane as a seepage barrier for inactive uranium mill tailings. The study, conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the Department of Energy's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program, showed through chemical compatibility tests that the asphalt membrane is well suited for this purpose. The chemical compatibility tests were designed to accelerate the aging reactions in the asphalt and to determine the accelerated aging effect. Higher temperatures and oxygen concentrations proved to be effective acceleration parameters. By infrared spectral analysis, the asphalt was determined to have undergone 7 years of equivalent aging in a 3-month period when exposed to 40/sup 0/C and 1.7 atm oxygen pressure. However, the extent of aging was limited to a maximum penetration of 0.5% of the total liner thickness. It was concluded that the liner could be expected to be effective as a seepage barrier for at least 1000 years before the entire thickness of the liner would be degraded.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN DAIRY FARMERS IN KURUNEGALA DISTRICT: STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION

The objectives of this study are to estimate the technical efficiency and examine the impact of demographic and farming characteristics on technical efficiency among smallholder dairy farmers in Maho Divisional Secretariat in Kurunegala district during 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about milk production inputs and outputs, as well as other pertinent data, from 150 dairy farmers through convenience sampling. Maximum likelihood estimates of a stochastic production function were employed in the study and its results revealed that milk output was positively influenced by the number of milking cows and negatively influenced by the expenditure on veterinary at a 1% significant level. The average technical efficiency of the selected milk production farmers given by the Cobb – Douglas production function was 91% with minimum and maximum efficiency levels of about 73% and 96% respectively. This indicates that there is a scope and exists room for improving the existing level of milk production through enhancing the level of technical efficiency by 9% without increasing the level of input. In order to identify the impact of demographic and farming characteristics on technical efficiency, the Tobit model was applied. The results showed that age, sex, family size, and the number of milking times positively influenced the technical efficiency of milk production while access to credit marginally and positively influenced the efficiency of milk production in the study.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Preliminary Report of the Committee on Bird Migration

Owing to the large quantity of material in possession of the Committee on Bird Migration, the several superintendents, with two exceptions, have been unable to complete tbe reports for their respective Districts.Hence it is impossible, at this time, to do more than call attention to the extent of the work of the Committee, and to present a few brief examples of the results thus far attained.Any attempt, on the part of the Chairman, to generalize upon the as yet meagre amount of classified data at his command, would obviously be premature.It is unnecessary to dwell upon the labor involved in the distri¬ bution of six thousand circulars, by which means the Committee has secured the co-operation, in addition to the keepers of lights, of nearly seven hundred observers, of which number twenty-five are women-and very excellent observers they make.

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 is required for fibrous tissue expansion

Type I collagen-containing fibrils are major structural components of the extracellular matrix of vertebrate tissues, especially tendon, but how they are formed is not fully understood. MMP14 is a potent pericellular collagenase that can cleave type I collagen in vitro. In this study, we show that tendon development is arrested in Scleraxis-Cre::Mmp14 lox/lox mice that are unable to release collagen fibrils from plasma membrane fibripositors. In contrast to its role in collagen turnover in adult tissue, MMP14 promotes embryonic tissue formation by releasing collagen fibrils from the cell surface. Notably, the tendons grow to normal size and collagen fibril release from fibripositors occurs in Col-r/r mice that have a mutated collagen-I that is uncleavable by MMPs. Furthermore, fibronectin (not collagen-I) accumulates in the tendons of Mmp14-null mice. We propose a model for cell-regulated collagen fibril assembly during tendon development in which MMP14 cleaves a molecular bridge tethering collagen fibrils to the plasma membrane of fibripositors.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
School Bonding: Helping At-Risk Youth Become Students At-Promise

The purpose of this study was to determine if non at-risk and four types of at-risk secondary school students perceive school bonding differently. Findings indicate there are differences between the two groups of students on affective, cognitive and behavioral components of school bonding, although no differences were found between at-risk types. Girls showed stronger bonds to school while boys who were depressed were less affiliated to peers and fostered more negative attitudes towards teachers than other students.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Labeobarbus kimberleyensis: Barkhuizen, L.M

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences