jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In vitro food production for isolated closed environments: formation of ripe tomato fruits from excised flower buds.

Excised preanthesis flower buds of young Pixie Hybrid tomato plants develop into red ripe fruits in aseptic culture on a modified Murashige-Skoog medium with 3% sucrose at pH 5.8. The addition of certain synthetic auxins (IAA, NAA, IBA), auxin precursors (ISA), or cytokinins (KIN, IPA, ZEA, BAP) to the medium improved the percentage of buds developing into fruits, the weight of the ripe fruits, or both. The best results were obtained by an auxin-cytokinin combination of 10 microM IBA with 1 microM BAP. Storage of the excised buds at low temperature (6 degrees C) for up to 4 weeks before transfer to 27 degrees C caused only minimal deterioration in size and number of the fruit crop. Extension of low-temperature storage to 8 weeks produced smaller fruits that took longer to develop. This system could produce fresh, ripe small tomatoes on a sustained basis for up to 2 months for an isolated environment such as a space vehicle or submarine.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 1 of How public health insurance expansion affects healthcare utilizations in middle and low-income households: an observational study from national cross-section surveys in Vietnam

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. – Examples of Healthcare Questionnaires. Appendix 2. – Tests for Conditional Parallel Trend Assumption (PTA) in the pre-amendment years, 2012 and 2014.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway

Schizophrenia is a very complex syndrome involving widespread brain multi-dysconnectivity. Schizophrenia is marked by cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysregulations. Recent studies suggest that inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and immune dysfunction could have a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by immunogenetic evidence, and a higher incidence rate of autoimmune diseases in patients with schizophrenia. The dysregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with the involvement of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. Several studies have shown that there is a vicious and positive interplay operating between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This interplay is modulated by WNT/β-catenin, which interacts with the NF-kB pathway; inflammatory factors (including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α); factors of oxidative stress such as glutamate; and dopamine. Neuroinflammation is associated with increased levels of PPARγ. In schizophrenia, the expression of PPAR-γ is increased, whereas the WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARα are downregulated. This suggests that a metabolic-inflammatory imbalance occurs in this disorder. Thus, this research’s triptych could be a novel therapeutic approach to counteract both neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in schizophrenia.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Do callers to the NSW Sexual Health Infoline attend the services they are referred to?

Background The NSW Sexual Health Infoline (SHIL) is a free and confidential sexual health information and referral line. The ability of Australian sexual health helplines to facilitate successful referrals has not been studied. In the present study, we sought to determine whether callers were successful in accessing the publicly funded sexual health services (PFSHS) or general practitioners (GP) they were referred to. Methods: Callers to SHIL who were directly referred to a PFSHS or GP for HIV and/or sexually transmissible infection testing from 3 January to 31 March 2012 were offered a follow-up phone call 1 week later. Results: Of 474 eligible callers, 190 (40%) agreed to disclose a first name and contact details and to be contacted by a study nurse on an agreed-upon date. One hundred and twenty (63%) callers were successfully contacted 1 week later; of these, 85% had attended or had a future appointment booked for testing. Conclusions: We conclude that among the study sample that was successfully followed up, most callers to the SHIL had attended or booked appointments to the services they were referred to.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical Application of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry, with a Focus on Belgium.

Response rate to treatment is generally not as high as expected in psychiatric disorders. The lack of clinical improvement under a well-conducted treatment, that complies with guidelines, may be the consequence of genetic abnormalities that impact the metabolizing pathways of the drug. Genetic polymorphism of metabolizing enzymes is frequent in the population and has been proven to have a clinical impact. It may also be the consequence of environmental or organic factors that interact with the pharmacokinetic pathways (absorption, distribution, metabolizing, excretion) of the drug. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors will lead to inter- and intraindividual fluctuations in plasma drug concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring permits to measure plasma drug concentrations in order to adapt psychopharmacotherapy individually. In some cases, it can be coupled to pharmacogenetic testings. This review presents recent literature and guidelines on the subject. Eventually, there is a focus made on the French-speaking part of Belgium where neither therapeutic drug monitoring, nor pharmacogenetics testing, are used frequently in clinical practice. Some challenges are to be addressed to implement these techniques in Belgium.

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bacillus cereus-induced food-borne outbreaks in France, 2007 to 2014: epidemiology and genetic characterisation

The aim of this study was to identify and characterise Bacillus cereus from a unique national collection of 564 strains associated with 140 strong-evidence food-borne outbreaks (FBOs) occurring in France during 2007 to 2014. Starchy food and vegetables were the most frequent food vehicles identified; 747 of 911 human cases occurred in institutional catering contexts. Incubation period was significantly shorter for emetic strains compared with diarrhoeal strains A sub-panel of 149 strains strictly associated to 74 FBOs and selected on Coliphage M13-PCR pattern, was studied for detection of the genes encoding cereulide, diarrhoeic toxins (Nhe, Hbl, CytK1 and CytK2) and haemolysin (HlyII), as well as panC phylogenetic classification. This clustered the strains into 12 genetic signatures (GSs) highlighting the virulence potential of each strain. GS1 ( nhe genes only) and GS2 ( nhe , hbl and cytK2 ), were the most prevalent GS and may have a large impact on human health as they were present in 28% and 31% of FBOs, respectively. Our study provides a convenient molecular scheme for characterisation of B. cereus strains responsible for FBOs in order to improve the monitoring and investigation of B. cereus -induced FBOs, assess emerging clusters and diversity of strains.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quality of Life as a Protective Factor Against Substance Misuse Among Adults with a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Adverse Childhood Experiences, also known as ACEs, are a major public health concern. ACEs are defined as stressful or traumatic events in early life that range from parental separation to all forms of abuse and neglect, as well as household dysfunction (e.g., living in a home with substance misuse). The current body of scholarly literature shows that ACEs have long lasting effects on both physical and mental health through a person’s life. Research also illustrates a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and the number of risk behaviors, such as substance misuse, that a person may exhibit. Quality of life refers to a person’s self-perceived well-being and includes mental, emotional, physical, and sexual health. Quality of life, synonymous with well-being is associated with numerous health benefits including reduced risk of disease, better immune function, and increased life expectancy. This study seeks to determine if quality of life is a protective factor against substance misuse in adults who report ACEs. In line with the current body of knowledge, we hypothesize that adults within the study sample with a higher number of ACEs will exhibit higher rates of tobacco use, alcohol use, and drug use. We also hypothesize that participants with ACEs who rate a higher quality of life score will be less likely to use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs; as compared to those who rate a lower quality of life. Participants (N=766, age 18-55) were recruited through the REACH (Religion, Emotions, and Current Health) survey study. Data on ACEs will be collected from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire which measures the number of traumatic experiences during the first eighteen years of life. Data on substance use will be collected via the Tobacco Questionnaire dichotomously (yes or no), the AUDIT scale on alcohol use which measures the frequency and quantity of consumption, and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) which measures drug use in the last twelve months. Quality of Life will be measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life WHOQOL-BREF. Quality of life will also be examined using two subscales, overall quality of life and perceived social support. All data was collected via self-reporting. Bivariate and multivariate analyses will be conducted using SPSS. To examine the potential moderating effect of quality of life, a hierarchical multiple regression will be conducted, specifically the simple moderation from the PROCESS macro for SPSS. We predict that those who perceive a higher quality of life, despite early life adversity, will report less frequency in alcohol, tobacco, and drug consumption. Conversely, we predict that those who perceive a lower quality of life will exhibit higher rates of health-related risk behaviors, specifically substance misuse.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Theorising and Researching the Youth Crime Nexus: Habitus, Reflexivity and the Political Ecology of Social Practices

In the discussion that follows, I will explain how and why, in a research project on young people's pathways into and out of crime, we applied Bourdieu's concept of habitus. Understanding how the work of Bourdieu became central to the project requires an understanding of the limits of theory within criminology and an understanding of why concepts such as habitus emerged as central to the analysis. Throughout history, the 'youth crime problem' has attracted substantial attention from within the social sciences. Much work within criminology has been dominated by the search for understanding the individual motivations that underpinned the actions of the 'juvenile delinquent'. As a result, theories and research methodologies that explore the youth crime nexus are strongly shaped and influenced by criminological assumptions about 'cause and effect'. In the first part of this chapter, I will give a brief history of this approach, highlighting core weaknesses and the limited understandings of ecology and social action embedded within theories that focus on youth offending. In the second part of the chapter, I will show how the work of Pierre Bourdieu, especially around habitus, reflexivity and social practice, offered an alternative and more sophisticated approach to understanding young people's relationship with crime. By drawing on my experience researching young people's relationship with crime in highly disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the UK, I will show how the concept of habitus makes an 'analytical bridge' between empirical data and social theory.KeywordsYoung PeopleSocial PracticeCultural CapitalMoral PanicCritical CriminologyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Antagonistic training in modern basketball techniques

The study of training of antagonistic techniques in modern basketball match is based on antagonistic character,design and construction of the match and conforms to the training methods and ways of modern basketball technique application. Through creating experiences and carrying out simulating matches,the athletes' antagonistic technique and application ability can be promoted so as to be adapted to the high intensity and antagonism in matches. In this article,the principle to be followed in antagonistic training,two things to be done and problems to be heeded to are discussed. The purpose is to perfect,develop and find theories,ways and methods of modern basketball antagonistic technique training in order to raise the level of technical training of the Chinese basketball and narrow the gap between the Chinese basketball team with the world powerful teams.

Topic: Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative study on analytical and computational aerodynamic models for flapping wings MAVs

ABSTRACT A range of quasi-steady and unsteady aerodynamic models are used to predict the aerodynamic forces experienced by a flapping wing and a detailed comparison amongst these predictions in provided. The complexity of the models ranges from the analytical potential flow model to the computational Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM), which allows one to describe the motion of the wake and account for its influence on the fluid loads. The novelty of this effort lies in a modification of the predicted forces as a generalisation of the leading edge suction analogy. This modification is introduced to account for the delayed stall mechanism due to leading edge flow separation. The model predictions are compared with two sets of independent experimental data and with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation data available in the literature. It is found that both, the modified analytical model and the UVLM model can be used to describe the time history of the lift force, in some cases with better results than a high-fidelity CFD model. The models presented here constitute a useful basis for the aerodynamic design of bioinspired flapping-wings micro-air vehicles.

Topic: Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SPONTANEOUS CYSTS OF THE CILIARY BODY

Wolverhampton Eye InfirmaryALTHOUGH comparatively rare, spontaneous cysts of the ciliary body have evoked numerous contributions to the literature.The diagnosis is essentially clinical and differentiation from a melanosarcoma may be very difficult.These cysts were well named pseudo-melanosarcomata by Pagenstecher (1910).Before the report of Fischer (1920), the diagnosis of such cysts had been established only by histological examination of enucleated eyes.Since then, Elschnig (1925), Olsson (1944), Scheie (1954).and Grignolo (1954) have also reported cysts of the ciliary body as a clinical finding in otherwise normal eyes. Case ReportsCase 1, a man aged 21, was admitted to hospital on May 4, 1958 for treatment of psoriasis.He was referred on account of a complaint of difficulty with close work.There was no history of injury to either eye.The visual acuity was 6/5 in each eye.He was emmetropic and, apart from a near point of convergence of 12 cm., orthophoric.His pupils were equal and circular, reacting directly and consensually to light and on accommodation.Examination with both the slit lamp and the ophthalmoscope revealed no abnormality in the left eye.In an otherwise normal right eye, examination with the ophthalmoscope revealed a cystic mass presenting at the inferior temporal quadrant of the posterior chamber (Fig. lA, overleaf).When the pupil was fully dilated, slit-lamp examination (Fig. 1B, overleaf) revealed a smooth cyst containing a clear fluid and enclosed by a thin transparent membrane which was bespeckled with fine iridescent particles on its posterior surface, i.e. the surface presented to the zonular fibres and vitreous face.(This fine pigment has been incorrectly exaggerated in the artist's drawing, as has been the distortion of the lens.)The cyst had insinuated itself between the posterior surface of the iris and the anterior surface of the lens.Where the cyst was in contact with the anterior lens capsule, there were a few subjacent opaque lens fibres.The cyst was tremulous on eye movements.The Goldmann lens showed that the cyst arose from the anterior part of the ciliary body.The rest of the ciliary body appeared normal.The angle of the anterior chamber, including the sector overlying the cyst, was of normal depth.There was no disturbance of pigmentation in the overlying iris.The tension in both eyes varied between 20-25 mm.Hg (Schiotz) over several serial readings.There was no evidence of any penetrating injury.This patient was observed for 6 months until he left the country, and during that time *

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Whatsapp Video-Based Education About Childbirth on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Third Trimester Pregnant Women

Background: One of efforts to reduce maternal and child mortality is childbirth assistance by health workers. In reality in the field the community do not fully trust health workers as childbirth helpers, they prefer traditional birth attendance as childbirth helpers. There is still childbirth assistance by non-health workers (traditional birth attendance), therefore the provision of communication, information and education (CIE) must still be provided in various ways including through social media, one of them is Whatsapp. Health counseling through video media has advantages in terms of providing good visualization to facilitate the process of knowledge absorption Methods : This study is a Quasy Experimental, it use one-group pretest posttest design. Research took place in the working area of Kalumpang Community Health Center, Ternate city. The study sample included 31 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis using SPSS statistics version 25 with a paired sample t test Results: The results of that study there is an increase in knowledge from pretest to posttest after being given educational intervention through whatsapp video about childbirth, with a p-value = 0.000. There was an increase in attitude after being given educational intervention through whatsapp video about childbirth (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion : The provision of whatsapp video-based education becomes an alternative and successful in providing health information (preparation for childbirth).

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating the effects of the marine drug Manzamine‐A related to craniofacial development <i>in vitro</i>

Manzamine‐A is a marine‐derived alkaloid which has anti‐viral and anti‐proliferative properties and is currently being investigated for its efficacy in the treatment of certain viruses (malaria, herpes, HIV‐1) and cancers (breast, cervical, colorectal). Manzamine‐A has been found to exert effects via modulation of SIX1 gene expression, a gene critical to craniofacial development via the WNT, NOTCH, and PI3K/AKTpathways. To date little work has focused on Manzamine‐A and how its use may effect craniofacial development. We hypothesize that Manzamine‐A, through SIX1, alters bone cell activity important to craniofacial skeletal development. As Manzamine‐A is a drug that has great potential in a variety of therapeutics, it is critical that we asses potential side effects that this drug could have on both patients and any developmental effects that may occur during use by expectant mothers. We aimed to assess the effects of Manzamine‐A on four cell types, pre‐osteoblasts, osteoblasts, pre‐osteoclasts, and osteoclasts. PCR, qrtPCR, MTS cell viability assays and Caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay were used to test the effects of Manzamine‐A on these cells. We also performed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) assays to test the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts respectively. To date we have found that Six‐1 is highly expressed in osteoblasts and their progenitors. In contrast Six‐1 has low expression levels in osteoclasts and their progenitors. Further, osteoblast progenitor cells exhibit great sensitivity to Manzamine‐A treatment exhibited by a significant decrease in cell viability, increase in cellular apoptosis, and decrease in ALP activity. Studies are ongoing for osteoclast lineage cells. Overall our preliminary data suggests Manzamine‐A may have great effects on bone health overall and may disrupt skeletal development if exposed during pregnancy or postnatal development.

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunological Aspects of Infections with Schistosoma Mansoni

Summary 1. Antibody studies in the sera from human subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni have revealed the presence of cercarial precipitins, cercarial agglutinins, and circumoval precipitins. Adult precipitins were also detected, but in low titers and in a small per cent of the sera tested. 2. There were differences observed in the concentration of these antibodies as related to the duration of infection. In early infections (40 to 240 days after exposure to cercariae) cercarial precipitins and agglutinins have high titers but become low or negative in infections of long duration (10 years and over). Circumoval precipitins are present in both recent and old infections but become more active in older infections. 3. The adult, cercarial, and egg antibodies as produced by artificial immunization of the rabbit are stage specific. Treatment of rabbit anti-serum with lyophilized adult or cercarial material results in the absorption of the homologous but not of the heterologous antibodies. Treatment of anti-adult, anti-cercarial, and anti-egg sera with egg material absorbs only the homologous and the cercarial antibodies. This postulates a cercarial factor in the egg. 4. No circumoval precipitins were detected in the sera from mice with single sex infections. This provides further evidence confirming stage specificity of the circumoval antibody which only develops in the presence of eggs. 5. Successful Fuadin therapy as determined by repeated negative stools and rectal biopsy reduces the circumoval activity of sera. This effect was observed within a year after therapy. The reduction in circumoval precipitin content of serum may be used as a test to determine the therapeutic effect of Fuadin or other anti-schistosome drugs. The circumoval precipitin test, therefore, is both of diagnostic and prognostic value. 6. Intradermal response to egg antigen differs from that elicited against adult and cercarial antigens in that a negative reaction is observed in active cases. The skin response becomes positive after treatment of infection. 7. Knowledge of stage-specific antibodies, and the time during the course of infection when their concentrations are highest, is of great importance in the serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Stage-specific antibodies are also of great interest in the study of the mechanism of acquired immunity to schistosomiasis.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences