jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonellaenterica and Escherichiacolifrom poultry samples

Innumerable foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and Escherichia coli pose a serious threat to human health and food safety. As perishable foods, poultry products are considered one of the most common sources of foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and E. coli due to transmission of drug resistance, dissemination of organisms, and cross-contamination. In our study, phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of Salmonella enterica and E. coli isolated from packaged raw chicken products were carried out. Samples belonging to different commercial brands were collected in Ankara in 2015. Among 15 out of 19 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from different and/or same poultry samples were found as Infantis serotype, while 4 of them were identified as Enteritidis serotype by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) footprints. In addition, 19 out of 40 samples gave positive results for E. coli. In addition, PFGE types of Salmonella Infantis isolates were detected as PT 08, 45, and 50. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing types of the samples were identified as ST 32. Results of the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli isolates revealed considerable resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. On the other hand, 3 E. coli isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility. All in all, this study might enlighten some molecular features of Salmonella and E. coli isolated from chicken products in Turkey.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
S4‐02‐02: HARNESSING INNATE IMMUNITY TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined at autopsy by histopathological presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and large-scale loss of cortical and hippocampal neurons. While once thought to simply beepiphenomenon, the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD is rapidly gaining wide acceptance. This hypothesis has been bolstered by recent genome-wide association studies that have uncovered microglial TREM2, CR1, and CD33 as key AD risk loci. However, broad-based inhibition of inflammation by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has not produced a positive signal for AD primary prevention. One possible explanation for this is that “re-balancing” neuroinflammation, rather than pan-inhibiting it, may ultimately prove to be the most beneficial strategy against AD. To test this concept, we have utilized genetic and pharmacologic approaches to block key anti-inflammatory molecules in the PSAPP transgenic mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis and in a next-generation TgF344-AD rat model of AD. In the former approach, deletion of the cardinal anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 gene activates microglia to clear cerebral Aβ/β-amyloid. Additionally, release of innate immune toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway suppression via deletion of the naturally-occurring TLR dominant-negative, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), produces a similar beneficial effect. As an example of the latter strategy, nanoparticle-based blockade of the key anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-β-Smad 2/3 pathway on peripheral mononuclear phagocytes in TgF344-AD rats causes brain entry of these cells, where they home to β-amyloid plaques and clear them. Taken together, these convergent results have led to the conclusion that neuroinflammation need not necessarily be deleterious in the context of AD pathology. Furthermore, data from these pre-clinical rodent models provide a mechanistic framework for therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting “good” neuroinflammation to militate against AD.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
English Overt and Null Complementizers

Most studies on the distribution of the null complementizers in English assume that overt that clauses and null that clauses have the identical underlying structure, where the overt/null COMP represents a C head (Stowell 1981, a.o.). This predicts that both overt and null that clauses show (nearly) the same syntactic distribution, contrary to fact. This paper explores a new outlook of overt and null complementizers in clausal complements of both non-factive and factive predicates in English, building on the assumptions that (i) feature specification on C differs from language to language and (ii ) languages also differ as to lexicalizing a subset of these features on C. Adopting Rizzi’s (1997) split CP structure with two C heads, Force and Finiteness, we suggest that null that clauses are FinPs, whereas overt that clauses have an extra functional layer above FinP, lexicalizing either the Force head under non-factive predicates or the light demonstrative head d under factive predicates. These three different underlying structures also successfully account for different syntactic patterns found between overt and null that clauses in various contexts.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
ReLISH: Reliable Label Inference via Smoothness Hypothesis

The smoothness hypothesis is critical for graph-based semi-supervised learning. This paper defines local smoothness, based on which a new algorithm, Reliable Label Inference via Smoothness Hypothesis (ReLISH), is proposed. ReLISH has produced smoother labels than some existing methods for both labeled and unlabeled examples. Theoretical analyses demonstrate good stability and generalizability of ReLISH. Using real-world datasets, our empirical analyses reveal that ReLISH is promising for both transductive and inductive tasks, when compared with representative algorithms, including Harmonic Functions, Local and Global Consistency, Constraint Metric Learning, Linear Neighborhood Propagation, and Manifold Regularization.

Topic: Machine Learning and Data Classification
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV or HCV infection.

These results suggest that clinical differences between B-HCC and C-HCC may depend upon the difference of the natural course between HBV and HCV infection, and B-HCC may be more resistant to treatment than C-HCC in the advanced stage. This also illustrates the need for early tumor detection in B-HCC.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
F. Neirynck (éd.), Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense. Journées bibliques de Louvain. Bijbelse Studiedagen te Leuven. 1-50. 1949-2001. Presented by Peeters Publishers to the participants of the Jubilee Meeting. July 25-27, 2001, Leuven, Belgium (coll. Studiorum Novi Testamenti Auxilia, 19). 2001

Haquin André. F. Neirynck (éd.), Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense. Journées bibliques de Louvain. Bijbelse Studiedagen te Leuven. 1-50. 1949-2001. Presented by Peeters Publishers to the participants of the Jubilee Meeting. July 25-27, 2001, Leuven, Belgium (coll. Studiorum Novi Testamenti Auxilia, 19). 2001. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 33ᵉ année, fasc. 3, 2002. p. 447.

Topic: Theology and Canon Law Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Highly Dispersed Pd-SBA15 Materials from Tris(&lt;i&gt;tert&lt;/i&gt;-butoxy)siloxy Complexes of Pd(II)

Two novel tris(&lt;i&gt;tert&lt;/i&gt;-butoxy)siloxy palladium(II) complexes of the form (4,4′-di-&lt;i&gt;tert-&lt;/i&gt;butyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)Pd[OSi(O&lt;sup&gt;t&lt;/sup&gt;Bu)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;](R) were synthesized (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;, R = OSi(O&lt;sup&gt;t&lt;/sup&gt;Bu)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;, R = CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). The structures of these compounds were determined by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The solid-state thermolytic chemistry of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These compounds were covalently grafted onto the surface of mesoporous silica (SBA15) under mild, nonaqueous conditions to generate supported Pd(II) centers. Reactions of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; with the surface Si–OH groups occurs selectively through the -OSi(O&lt;sup&gt;t&lt;/sup&gt;Bu)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ligand with elimination of HOSi(O&lt;sup&gt;t&lt;/sup&gt;Bu)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. The new materials, designated &lt;b&gt;Pd(1)SBA15&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;Pd(2)SBA15&lt;/b&gt;, were characterized using N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; porosimetry, TGA, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coordination environments of the supported Pd centers were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–vis (DRUV–vis) spectroscopy, and XAS. Comparison with the molecular precursors &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; revealed that the supported Pd centers share many of the same structural and spectroscopic characteristics. The supported Pd centers were robust in inert atmosphere up to the decomposition temperatures of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; (150–200 °C). The catalytic behavior of the &lt;b&gt;PdSBA15&lt;/b&gt; materials in the semihydrogenation of 1-phenyl-1-propyne was studied and compared to that of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; in solution; the supported materials exhibited marked enhancements in stability and selectivity to (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;)-1-phenyl-1-propene.

Topic: Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of Major, Minor and Chiral Components as Quality and Authenticity Markers of Rosa damascena Oil by GC-FID

Rose oil is traditionally produced by the water distillation of Rosa damascena and is of high economic value due to the low essential oil yield. It is therefore a common target for adulteration, which can cause harm to consumers. Current standards for authenticity control only consider the analysis of major components and overlook minor quality markers as well as the enantiomeric ratio of terpenes, which have proven useful in originality determination. The aim of this study was the development of two analytical GC-FID methods for the analysis of 21 and 29 rose oil analytes including major, minor and chiral components on a DB-wax and BGB 178 30% CD (chiral) capillary column, respectively. The total run time for both methods was within 60 min. For all target analytes, the % bias at the lower and upper calibration range varied from −7.8 to 13.2% and −13.1 to 5.2% analysed on the DB-wax column and 0.5 to 13.3% and −6.9 to 7.0% analysed on the chiral column. The chiral analysis successfully separated the enantiomers (+/−)-camphene, (+/−)-rose oxide, (+/−)-linalool, (+/−)-citronellol and (+/−)-citronellyl acetate, as well as the diastereomers of citral and β-damascenone. Both methods were applied to the analysis of 10 authentic rose oil samples and the enantiomeric/diastereomeric ratios, as well as the content of major and minor components, were determined. The identity of the analysed components in the authentic samples was further confirmed by GC-MS.

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a possible transmitter of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation of pulmonary artery.

Electrical field stimulation of isolated guinea pig pulmonary artery induced a brief initial contraction followed by a more prolonged relaxation. alpha-Adrenergic blockade prevented the contraction and enhanced the relaxation. beta-Adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic blockade partially reduced the relaxation, but 44.4% of the relaxation persisted after adrenergic and cholinergic blockade. The PA relaxation was associated with the release of immunoreactive VIP, both before and after this blockade. Tetrodotoxin abolished the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation and markedly reduced the release of VIP. This relaxation was similarly attenuated by a monoclonal antibody against VIP.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary File S6 from Effect of Aromatase Inhibition on Functional Gene Modules in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer and Their Relationship with Antiproliferative Response

&lt;p&gt;Analysis results of assessing the effect of the impact of the gene expression of PAGs on FAIMoS dataset and their association with Ki67 protein expression.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CBX7 is a glioma prognostic marker and induces G1/S arrest via the silencing of CCNE1

Chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) cooperates with other polycomb group (PcG) proteins to maintain target genes in a silenced state. However, the precise role of CBX7 in tumor progression is still controversial. We found that the expression of CBX7 in four public databases was significantly lower in high grade glioma (HGG). The reduced expression of CBX7 correlated with poor outcome in HGG patients. Both KEGG and GO analyses indicated that genes that were negatively correlated to CBX7 were strongly associated with the cell cycle pathway. We observed that decreased CBX7 protein levels enhanced glioma cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Then, we verified that CBX7 overexpression arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, we demonstrated that the underlying mechanism involved in CBX7 induced repression of CCNE1 promoter requiring the recruitment of histone deacetylase 2 (HADC2). Finally, in vivo bioluminescence imaging and survival times of nude mice revealed that CBX7 behaved as a tumor suppressor in gliomas. In summary, our results validate the assumption that CBX7 is a tumor suppressor of gliomas. Moreover, CBX7 is a potential and novel prognostic biomarker in glioma patients. We also clarified that CBX7 silences CCNE1 via the combination of CCNE1 promoter and the recruitment of HDAC2.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Blending video games with learning: Issues and challenges with classroom implementations in the Turkish context

Abstract The research design for this study focuses on examining the core issues and challenges when video games are used in the classroom. For this purpose three naturalistic contexts in Turkey were examined in which educational video games were used as the basis for teaching units on world continents and countries, first aid, and basic computer hardware and peripherals, in primary, secondary and higher education contexts respectively. Methods employed in the data collection include observing lessons, taking field notes, interviewing students and teachers, saving online discourse data, and collecting student artifacts and reflections. Findings identified issues related to (1) the design of the video game environment, (2) school infrastructure, (3) the nature of learning, the role of the teacher and classroom culture, and (4) engagement.

Topic: Educational Games and Gamification
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Challenges and Perceived Impacts of Ambulance Diversions During Emergency Department Overcrowding: A Multi-Stakeholder Study

Ambulance diversion has emerged as a strategy to address Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding, but the question of when or whether diversion should be triggered is widely debated. Although the positive and adverse impacts of diversion have been primarily studied using quantitative data, little is known about the experience and perceptions of key stakeholders involved in diversions. Our study aims to explore the challenges and impacts of ambulance diversion as experienced by key stakeholders and their suggestions for improving the diversion process. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders including physicians, nurses and paramedics across two EDs and four fire stations. All interviews were audio-recorded following consent and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes and sub-themes. Coding discrepancies were resolved through iterative discussions until no new themes were identified. A total of 33 stakeholders were interviewed. The primary reasons for ambulance diversions were perceived to be resource constraints in EDs, overcrowding and bed block situations. Challenges during diversions included communication breakdowns, operational delays, lack of clarity in diversion criteria and emotional stress for both Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and hospital staff. Participants felt diversions impacted patient safety, staff morale, system efficiency and could generate inter-institutional conflict. Suggestions on improvements focused on use of alternative care pathways, improving hospital’s flow issues, better information sharing, and optimizing the diversion process through strategizing the timing and duration of diversions. Reworking the hierarchical approach of dissemination of information to ground staff was also suggested. This study highlights that while diversions may offer temporary relief for overwhelmed hospitals, they also pose challenges and negative impacts on receiving hospitals and EMS operations. Our findings underscore the need for systemic improvements to address the root causes of ED overcrowding and enhance understanding among stakeholders involved in diversions.

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Downloaded from http://hyper.ahajournals.org / by guest on February 21, 2013Renal Oxidative Stress in Medullary Thick Ascending Limbs

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Topic: History, Medicine, and Leadership
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supporting Emergent Writers Through Guided Play in a Kindergarten Classroom

In this paper, we describe a teacher-initiated imaginative-play scenario that took place in a kindergarten classroom in a small northern town in Ontario, Canada. The Fairy Door scenario afforded the 3- to 5-year-old children the opportunity to become writers in order to communicate with and make sense of an elusive visitor to the classroom. It presented the teachers with opportunities to scaffold the children’s writing attempts and provided them with valid assessments of the children’s understanding of texts and writing. We offer this unique form of pedagogical practice as a means to fulfill the play-based learning mandate of the Ontario provincial curriculum.

Topic: Writing and Handwriting Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Monoalkylation of primary aromatic amines via N-(alkoxymethyl)aryl amines. Evidence for the formation of stable monomeric methyleneamines

J. Barluenga, A. M. Bayón and G. Asensio, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 1109 DOI: 10.1039/C39830001109

Topic: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
AIR POLLUTION AND SOIL IRRADIATION CAUSED BY THE STACK RELEASE OF A REACTOR IN NORMAL OPERATION

The amounts of argon-41 released by the stack of the EL-3 reactor and the resulting increases in gamma radiation at the soil level are determined. The methods used are described. The argon-41 concentration in the stack air is proportional to the reactor power and reaches 3 x 10/sup -4/cm/sup 3/at 2 Mw. If the air output of the stack is 20,000 m/sup 3/hr or 5.55 m/sup 3//sec, the stack releases 1.7 x 10/sup -3/ c of argon-41/sec when the reactor is operating at 2 Mw. The highest gamma activities of the soil caused by argon-41 outside the center were measured suring a temperature inversion and were approximately 80 mu r/hr. The total irradiation during a year was determined for a point 500 m from the stack. (tr-auth)

Topic: Radioactive contamination and transfer
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pelagianism and the ‘Common Celtic Church’

A handful of direct references to the existence of Pelagianism in the British church in the fifth century, another reference to Pelagianism in the Irish church in the seventh, and the use of Pelagius' works (one work in particular, often cited under his own name by Irish writers) have all raised the suspicion that from the fifth century on there may have been a distinctive British and Irish theological tradition, one of whose characteristics was that it was shaped by Pelagianism.The idea has been debated until recently in articles rather than in full-length monographs.Some authors have concluded that there was no commitment to Pelagian theology in Ireland, and no long-term serious dalliance with Pelagianism in Britain either, apart from whatever was going on in that short-lived episode in Britain when Germanus was sent (perhaps twice) to sort out an allegedly Pelagian church, or a Pelagian element in the British church.J.F. Kelly, for example, having studied the use of Pelagius' writings in Hiberno-Latin literature, and in continental writings with an Irish link, concluded:Available evidence links the Irish somehow to every known use of Pelagius by name in the early Middle Ages and to considerable anonymous use as well.There are a number of ways to explain this phenomenon.One way, however, not to explain it is as a Pelagian party or movement in the Irish church.Most of the Irish use of Pelagius was selective and for explication of certain passages.Nowhere was Pelagius used to exclusion of orthodox Fathers, especially not to his adversaries Augustine and Jerome.His use simply does not reflect Pelagian attitudes. 2 Kelly pointed out that all the known Irish uses of Pelagius' writings are those taken from his Expositiones XIII epistolarum Pauli, which contain only one seriously 'Pelagian' comment, that on Romans 5:15, which is not used by the Irish writers except once where it is cited and highlighted as erroneous: 'this is an answer to the lies of the heretics.' 3 In other words, though the Irish were happy to use Pelagius' commentary on the Pauline epistles, there is no evidence that they adopted Pelagian theology.Indeed the way they used Pelagius' commentary suggests that they were both aware of, and determined to avoid, his views on grace and nature.Other scholars have formed the view that the evidence of British and Irish sources points towards a non-Pelagian but pre-Augustinian orthodoxy on the questions of grace that lie at the heart of the Pelagian dispute. 4 Prior to the dispute between Augustine and Pelagius in the 1

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences