jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
U-shaped association of body roundness index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease

This study aimed to investigate the association between body roundness index (BRI) and deaths from all causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The data was sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Cox proportional hazards regression along with restricted cubic splines were applied to assess the associations of BRI with deaths from all causes and CVD in individuals with CKD. In total, 8,000 individuals were included in the final analysis. In participants with CKD, there was a nonlinear U-shaped association between BRI and deaths from all causes and CVD, with inflection points at 6.29 and 6.04. When BRI was below the inflection points, each unit increment of BRI correlated with a 11% reduction in deaths from all causes [HR: 0.89 (0.84–0.94), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001] and a 15% reduction in deaths from CVD [HR: 0.85 (0.75–0.95), <i>p</i> = 0.006)]. Conversely, when BRI surpassed the inflection points, each unit increment of BRI was linked to a 9% rise in deaths from all causes [HR: 1.09 (1.03–1.14), <i>p</i> = 0.001] and a 10% rise in deaths from CVD [HR: 1.10 (1.02–1.20), <i>p</i> = 0.019]. In this nationally representative study, we found a nonlinear U-shaped association between BRI and deaths from all causes and CVD among participants with CKD, with inflection points at 6.29 and 6.04. Further research is required to establish the optimal range of BRI as a measure of visceral fat deposition.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Temporal trends of mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: a nationwide study

Abstract Aims Little is known about the mortality for patients with infective endocarditis (IE) on a nationwide scale, and previous studies have been conducted in selected cohorts from tertiary centers. We aimed to investigate temporal trends in mortality using nationwide Danish registries. Methods and results We identified patients with first-time IE between 1999–2018, and they were grouped by calendar periods (1999–2003, 2004–2008, 2009–2013, 2014–2018). One-year mortality was estimated using Kaplan–Meier estimates. For calendar periods, odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using multivariable adjusted logistic regression and Cox proportional Hazards analyses for in-hospital and one-year mortality, respectively. We identified 8804 patients with IE. Age and proportions of men were: 66.7 (25th–75th percentile: 53.4–76.7) years and 59.9% in 1999–2003 and 72.8 (25th–75th percentile: 63.4–80.3) and 65.8% in 2014–2018. In-hospital mortality was 1999–2003: 24.5%, 2004–2008: 22.8%, 2009–2013: 18.8%, and 2014–2018: 18.3%. Relative to 1999–2003, adjusted likelihoods of in-hospital mortality were: OR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.96) in 2004–2008, OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.50–0.69) in 2009–2013, and OR = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43–0.60) in 2014–2018. By calendar periods, crude risks of one-year mortality were: 34.4% (95% CI: 32.0–36.8%), 33.5% (95% CI: 31.5–35.6%), 32.1% (95% CI: 30.2–34.0%), and 33.1% (95% CI: 31.3–34.8%). Relative to 1999–2003, adjusted rates of one-year mortality were: HR = 0.88 (95% CI 0.79–0.99) in 2004–2008, HR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68–0.86) in 2009–2013, and HR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64–0.81) in 2014–2018. Conclusion In this nationwide study of patients with first-time IE between 1999–2018, both short- and long-term survival has improved over time when accounting for changes in patient characteristics. One-sentence Summary When accounting for patient characteristics, both short- and long-term mortality have improved in patients with first-time infective endocarditis.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluating dasiglucagon as a treatment option for hypoglycemia in diabetes

Dasiglucagon has demonstrated established solubility and stability in an aqueous formulation. Pharmacokinetics studies have shown dasiglucagon to exhibit higher absorption and a longer plasma elimination half-life than traditional reconstituted glucagon. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that a full dose of 0.6 mg dasiglucagon could efficiently raise blood glucose level (BGL) by ≥20 mg/dL (9-10 min) from baseline following insulin-induced severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes, as well as rapidly increase BGL with small doses under euglycaemic and hypoglycemic conditions. Dasiglucagon is safe and well tolerated with the main adverse effects being nausea and vomiting. Collectively, dasiglucagon may be a promising candidate for severe diabetic hypoglycemic rescue and a continuous glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abandoning Identity Protection for Juvenile Offenders

The case of John Fairfax Pty Ltd and that company's application in the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal to have a name suppression order removed from two juveniles and their co-offending adult siblings raises some public policy issues. The case also highlights the recent changes to laws and practices around the country regarding legal protections for juvenile offenders.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Enzyme-Based Artificial Liver Support

There is an increasing interest in the use of immobilized enzyme reactors for biomedical tasks. Enzymic reactors are most valuable for detoxification purposes, and are considered either as extracorporeal or as implanted blood-contacting devices (1–9). They have been employed to remove specific substances from the blood, or to reduce their abnormally high level, when caused by a malfunctioning metabolism, genetic deficiency, or overdose. For example, reactors with immobilized phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase were used to remove phenylalanine from blood and body tissues (10); in cancer treatment, reactors with immobilized l-asparaginase have been used for treatment of aspargine-sensitive leukemias (11).

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Culture Results, Drug Resistance, and Clinical Outcome in Patients with AIDS and CMV Retinitis Treated with Foscarnet or Ganciclovir

The objectives of the study were to examine the clinical significance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results and drug susceptibilities in CMV isolates from patients with AIDS-related CMV retinitis. Blood and urine for CMV culture were obtained from 207 patients with newly diagnosed CMV retinitis who were enrolled in a randomized trial comparing foscarnet and ganciclovir. Culture-positive rates at baseline were 45% and 71% for blood and urine, respectively. Rates decreased 3- to 10-fold after initiation of either treatment. Mortality was related to both positive baseline blood and urine cultures; adjusted relative risks were 1.97 and 2.03, respectively. Positive blood cultures at baseline were associated with more rapid retinitis progression. Drug-resistant CMV was found, over comparable follow-up periods on assigned treatment, in 4 of 8 ganciclovir-assigned patients with persistent viremia and 0 of 5 foscarnet-assigned patients with persistent viremia. Results of virologic assays of blood appear to be associated with clinical outcome of CMV retinitis.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Asymmetric Pummerer Reactions as a Key Step in the Synthesis of Bicyclic Precursors of Anthracyclinones.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemical Reactions
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nilpotent structures and collapsing Ricci-flat metrics on the K3 surface

We exhibit families of Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on the K3 surface which collapse to an interval, with Tian-Yau and Taub-NUT metrics occurring as bubbles. There is a corresponding continuous surjective map from the $K3$ surface to the interval, with regular fibers diffeomorphic to either $3$-tori or Heisenberg nilmanifolds.

Topic: Geometry and complex manifolds
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Zinc Sulfate Solutions under Super- ambient Conditions: A Novel Approach

Abstract A new method has been proposed to estimate the osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solutions under super-ambient conditions on the basis of the Pitzer ion-interaction approach using the volumetric data. Following this method, a compact set of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters, β MX (0) , β MX (1) , β MX (2) , and β MX ϕ , valid within the temperature range from 293.15 to 373.15 K, and pressure range from 0.1 to 10 MPa have been obtained for aqueous ZnSO 4 solutions. These parameters helped evaluate the osmotic and activity coefficients of this system to 3.0 mol∙kg − 1 within the temperature and pressure range mentioned above. The pressure dependences of osmotic and activity coefficients have also been estimated using the equations derived by Rogers and Pitzer (1982). The results obtained by the method proposed in this research agree very well with those calculated using Rogers &amp; Pitzer approach. The advantage of the method proposed here is that it directly provides a compact set of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters required for describing the osmotic and activity coefficients, in contrast to the other method. This study also provided important information as to the ion-association behaviour of aqueous ZnSO 4 solution with respect to temperature and pressure. Further, the apparent molar enthalpies have been estimated using appropriate temperature derivatives of the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters.

Topic: Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
Subfield: Filtration and Separation
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A CASE REPORT OF ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA WITH OSTEOMYELITIS OF RIGHT FOOT TREATED WITH WELSH REGIMEN

A 60-year-old female patient presented with history of swelling over the right foot with multiple sinuses having seropurulent discharge.On gram stain -gram positive branching filamentous bacilli, (actinomycotic mycetoma) were demonstrated and was started on Welsh regimen, patient responded well with one cycle.This case is reported to emphasize the importance of laboratory diagnosis in the management and assessment of the prognosis of such cases. INTRODUCTION-Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous, inflammatory, disfiguring disease, usually involving subcutaneous tissue, most probably after traumatic inoculation of the causative organism 1 .Painless subcutaneous mass, multiple sinuses & purulent or seropurulent discharge that may contain grains is characteristic of mycetoma.CASE REPORT-A 60 year old female patient presented with swelling & non healing wound over the right foot for the last 4 months(Figure 1) .History of discharge of pus and whitish-yellow granules from the wound (Figure 2) for the last one month.There is a history of trauma 4 months back to the right foot.followed by swelling at the same site.Initially the lesion appeared as a single papule which was present on the dorsum of the foot , for which patient applied native medicine.After 2 to 3 days ,it burst open to form a discharging sinus She is a known hypertensive for the last 4 years and is on treatment.On examination, the right foot showed swelling and induration of the skin with four discharging sinuses.The regional lymph nodes were not enlarged.Routine lab investigations were done-CBC-Hb-12.3mg/dl,TC-8,710 cells/μl, DC-N-66.5, L-23, E-2.2, M-3.6, B-0.3.RBC-4.34 million/µl of blood,Platelet count-2.36lakhs.ESR-40mm/hr.Blood urea-18, Serum Creatinine-0.5,SGOT-19, SGPT-18, FBS-95mg/dl, PPBS-120mg/dl, RA factor-negative.Urine routine-Albumin-nil,Sugarnil,Micro-pus cells -1 to 2per low power field, Epithelial cells 3 to 5,RBC-0 to 2. Modified Acid fast stain (Kinyoun's method) with 1% sulfuric acid -negative.GRAMS STAIN-(Figure 3) -Specimenwet swab ( + granules )No pus cells.Gram positive cocci in pairs & small cluster, thick gram negative bacilli & gram positive branching filamentous bacilli seen.On Aerobic Culture on blood agar -Staphylococcus aureus & Citrobacter species were isolated.Anaerobic culture on brain heart infusion agar isolated actinomyces species within 72 hours ( Figure -4)Chest X ray-Normal ,X ray Right foot-Osteomyelitis of 4 th ,5 th metatarsal bone (Figure 5), KOH Preparation-Negative for fungal elements, Biopsy-Excision biopsy was done( four whitish yellow granules were obtained while doing deep exsion biopsy), Histopathology-Epidermis shows pseudo epitheliomatous hyperplasia.Dermis shows pockets of acute inflammatory cell infiltrate with granulation tissue.Multinucleated giant cells are also seen (Figure 6, 7, 8).

Topic: Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The transmembrane semaphorin Sema6A controls cerebellar granule cell migration.

The transmembrane semaphorin protein Sema6A is broadly expressed in the developing nervous system. Sema6A repels several classes of developing axons in vitro and contributes to thalamocortical axon guidance in vivo. Here we show that during cerebellum development, Sema6A is selectively expressed by postmitotic granule cells during their tangential migration in the deep external granule cell layer, but not during their radial migration. In Sema6A-deficient mice, many granule cells remain ectopic in the molecular layer where they differentiate and are contacted by mossy fibers. The analysis of ectopic granule cell morphology in Sema6a-/- mice, and of granule cell migration and neurite outgrowth in cerebellar explants, suggests that Sema6A controls the initiation of granule cell radial migration, probably through a modulation of nuclear and/or soma translocation. Finally, the analysis of mouse chimeras suggests that this function of Sema6A is primarily non-cell-autonomous. PMID: 16205717

Topic: Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Antidiabetic Activity of Some Extracts from Anisophyllea disticha Leaves

Abstract Anisophyllea disticha has been being used as a traditional medicine by Talang Mamak tribe in Indragiri Hulu district, Riau province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate antidiabetic properties of A.disticha leaves. The methanol extract was obtained by maceration, followed by successive partition process and yielded n -hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. Antidiabetic activity was determined by inhibiting the α-glucosidase activity method. The methanol extract showed high antidibetic activity followed by ethyl acetate fraction with IC 50 value of 47.765 ± 0.127 and 50.883 ± 0.803 μg/mL, respectively. It could be concluded that leaves of A.disticha had antidiabetic properties.

Topic: Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Convergence Analysis of a Colocated Finite Volume Scheme for the Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations on General 2D or 3D Meshes

We study a colocated cell centered finite volume method for the approximation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations posed on a 2D or 3D finite domain. The discrete unknowns are the components of the velocity and the pressures, all of them colocated at the center of the cells of a unique mesh; hence the need for a stabilization technique, which we choose of the Brezzi-Pitk\"aranta type. The scheme features two essential properties: the discrete gradient is the transposed of the divergence terms and the discrete trilinear form associated to nonlinear advective terms vanishes on discrete divergence free velocity fields. As a consequence, the scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent for the Stokes problem, the steady and the transient Navier-Stokes equations. In this latter case, for a given sequence of approximate solutions computed on meshes the size of which tends to zero, we prove, up to a subsequence, the $L^2$-convergence of the components of the velocity, and, in the steady case, the weak $L^2$-convergence of the pressure. The proof relies on the study of space and time translates of approximate solutions, which allows the application of Kolmogorov's theorem. The limit of this subsequence is then shown to be a weak solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical examples are performed to obtain numerical convergence rates in both the linear and the nonlinear case.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A laboratory rearing method for Epahiphora axenana on artificial diet and host plant

The brindled bell moth, Epalxiphora axenana (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was reared individually from neonate larva to adult on an artificial diet for 8 successive generations, and on foliage of kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) for 1 generation. At 22 + 1 O C, 50-60 % RH and 18 h photoperiod, the respective life cycle parameters New Zealand Entomologist, 1988, Val. I I on artificial diet and host plant were as follows: mean development period from neonatc larva to adult 38 and 41 days; average neonate larva to pupa period, 26 and 31 days; pupal period, 12 and 11 days; mean female pupal weights, 68.4 and 43.4 mg and mean male pupal weights 59.0 and 35.1 mg. The average percent adult emergence from neonate larvae was 74 % and 41 % respectively.

Topic: Insect Pheromone Research and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1837527: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crazy Rabbits! Children's Media Culture

This chapter examines children's reactions to content, the choices they make and the pleasures they derive from those choices. It looks at children's media as a top-down process by which the population is induced to develop along certain national, political and cultural avenues. The chapter considers ways in which the internationalization and subsequent domestication of children's culture feeds on the creative autonomy of the children's market place. It suggests that children represent a formidable target audience for content provision and associated merchandising, but that they nonetheless remain central foci of the state's objective to reproduce itself and its values through education and mediated messages. The production of media for Chinese children is entering a financially dangerous but potentially thrilling stage of development. Although the animated industry is generally deemed to be in crisis, there are people taking risks and forging new ways of working. They may also need to forge an international view of their audiences.

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Buccinasco<i>Pentiti</i>: A Unique Case Study of Radicalization

Recently many scholars have focused their attention on the dynamics of radicalization, de-radicalization, and disengagement, yet most studies are based on indirect and/or data which is difficult to verify. An exception comes from Italy, where authorities have recently benefited from the insights of two former members of an al Qaeda-affiliated Tunisian network. The two have voluntarily described to authorities the process and factors that led them to their radicalization and encouraged them to abondon the network. Based on thousands of pages of their unpublished confessions, the article provides a case study of radicalization that is rich in detail and uniquely reliable.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Research on propagation of guided wave in high-speed rail axle and the damage detection

In guided wave-based structural health monitoring technique, the influence of structural characteristics such as variable cross section, large thickness, and different degrees of impairments on propagation of guided wave is crucial in the application of this technique on damage detection of high-speed railway axel. Propagation characteristics of guided wave in variable cross-section hollow cylinder-shaped structure and interaction between damages and guided wave are investigated. New damage detection method through investigating structural circumferential displacement and difference of stresses is proposed. Moreover, the effects of damage depth on propagation of guided wave are studied. Effects of different degrees of damage on circumferential displacement and reflected wave are researched and summarized.

Topic: Engineering Applied Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Essential oil Composition of<i>Lippia javanica</i>(Burm.f.) Spreng chemotype from Western Zimbabwe

Aerial parts of Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng from two wild sites from Western Zimbabwe and those cultivated around Harare were collected, hydro- and steam distilled for essential oil and examined by GC and GC-MS. The composition of both essential oils produced was dominated by myrcenone (40.1-55.2 %). Previously we reported the essential oils from 13 other geographical sites from Zimbabwe to be dominated by myrcene (54.0 %), linaool (68.8 %) and limonene (39.9 %) varieties. This could have implications for product development and quality control for extracts from L. javanica.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences