jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives as Potential PPAR-γ Ligands

Paecilocin A, a phthalide derivative isolated from the jellyfish-derived fungus Paecilomyces variotii, activates PPAR-γ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) in rat liver Ac2F cells. Based on a SAR (Structure-activity relationships) study and in silico analysis of paecilocin A-mimetic derivatives, additional N-substituted phthalimide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for PPAR-γ agonistic activity in both murine liver Ac2F cells and in human liver HepG2 cells by luciferase assay, and for adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Docking simulation indicated PD6 was likely to bind most strongly to the ligand binding domain of PPAR-γ by establishing crucial H-bonds with key amino acid residues. However, in in vitro assays, PD1 and PD2 consistently displayed significant PPAR-γ activation in Ac2F and HepG2 cells, and adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 787335: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrative qualitative quality assurance and reliability prediction over the complete product design cycle

Abstract In this paper the possibilities of a qualitative and systematic procedure for the selection of the most developable concept in early design stages and the transfer of the gained information into a failure mode and effects analysis are shown. Further, the possibility of deriving reasonable lifetime distributions from the FMEA assessment values for the description of the system behaviour is demonstrated. With this integrative qualitative approach new products can be accompanied with a procedure, which passes on all its information without any losses, over the complete product design cycle. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Labour Process Theory: From Taylorism to Algorithmic Management

Э лектронный журнал «Экономическая социология» издаётся с 2000 г.Учредителями являются Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (с 2007 г.) и Вадим Валерьевич Радаев (главный редактор).Цель журнала -утверждать международные стандарты экономико-социологических исследований в России, представлять современные работы российских и зарубежных авторов в области экономической социологии, информировать профессиональное сообщество о новых актуальных публикациях и исследовательских проектах, а также вовлекать в профессиональное сообщество молодых коллег.Журнал представляет собой специализированное академическое издание.В нём публикуются материалы, отражающие современное состояние экономической социоло-гии и способствующие развитию данной области в её современном понимании.В числе приоритетных тем: теоретические направления экономической социологии, социологические исследования рынков и организаций, социально-экономические стратегии индивидов и домашних хозяйств, неформальная экономика.Также публикуются тексты из смежных дисциплин -неоинституциональной экономической теории, антропологии, экономической психологии и других областей, которые могут представлять интерес для экономсоциологов

Topic: Digital Economy and Work Transformation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interim results: influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccination coverage --- United States, October-December 2009.

In July 2009, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued recommendations for use of the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine. Recognizing that the vaccine supply would not be ample immediately but would grow over time, ACIP identified 1) initial target groups, consisting of approximately 160 million persons, and 2) a limited vaccine subset of the target groups, initially estimated at 42 million persons (and more recently estimated at 62 million persons), to receive first priority while the 2009 H1N1 vaccine supply was limited. ACIP recommended expanding vaccination to the rest of the population as vaccine supplies increased. To estimate 2009 H1N1 vaccination coverage to date for the 2009--10 influenza season, CDC analyzed results from the National 2009 H1N1 Flu Survey (NHFS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, conducted during December 27, 2009-January 2, 2010, and December 1-27, 2009, respectively. The results indicated that, as of January 2, an estimated 20.3% of the U.S. population (61 million persons) had been vaccinated, including 27.9% of persons in the initial target groups and 37.5% of those in the limited vaccine subset. An estimated 29.4% of U.S. children aged 6 months--18 years had been vaccinated. Now that an ample supply of 2009 H1N1 vaccine is available, efforts should continue to increase vaccination coverage among persons in the initial target groups and to offer vaccination to the rest of the U.S. population, including those aged >or=65 years.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis of Binary Nanocomposite Conductive Polypyrrole and Reduced Graphene Oxide as Electrode Materials for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

In this study, a polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/rGO) composite material was synthesized through a chemical oxidative process, to tackle the persistent challenge of developing cost‐effective and scalable electrode materials with high energy density and excellent charge storage capabilities for supercapacitor applications by integrating polypyrrole with rGO. The rGO was introduced into the polymerization process of polypyrrole. The composite underwent detailed investigation using different characterization techniques. Subsequently, analysis of the electrochemical properties included galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Nickel foam was used as the substrate material for the electrode. The PPy/rGO composite exhibited a remarkable specific capacitance of 365.1 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, as evidenced by CV, highlighting its excellent electrochemical properties. Moreover, the specific capacitance derived from GCD measurements surpassed expectations, reaching an impressive value of 375 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g. The corresponding energy density and power density for the specific capacitance of 375 F/g are 46.875 Wh/kg and 1140.20 W/kg, respectively. This further highlights the exceptional potential of this composite material for energy storage purposes. These findings highlight the PPy/rGO composite’s remarkable electrochemical characteristics and demonstrate its effective synthesis and thorough characterization. The simplicity of the synthesis process coupled with the outstanding performance of the composite underscores its viability for various energy storage and conversion devices.

Topic: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Competence and Discipline in Professional Formation

This paper argues that ‘competence’ is inadequate as the founding principle of professional knowledge, and consequently the attempt to build professional training on it is misguided. Besides the unresolved conceptual issues, the competence approach is radically undermined by the absence of an adequate research base necessary to validate concepts of competence and measures of individuals' competences. Drawing on the author's research on how practitioners use knowledge and theory in practice, it is shown that the attempt to reduce good professional practice to a codified set of competences is mistaken; it does not properly recognize the constant need for creative solutions to poorly understood problems. The idea of professional discipline is explored, which, it is argued, better describes the character of the knowledge and skills which practitioners should aim to master.

Topic: Innovative Education and Learning Practices
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification and distribution of gynogenetic clones in silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii collected from the Dokanbori moats of the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan

A total of 201 silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii were collected from the inner moats, Kami-dokanbori, Naka-dokanbori and Shimo-dokanbori of the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan, in 1996, 1997 and 1998. These moats were constructed about 400 years ago and the Kami-dokanbori has been separated by a 10 m high causeway from the other moats for at least 100 years. Ploidy determination by DNA content measurements using flow cytometry revealed that all the specimens examined were categorized to 196 triploids and 5 tetraploids. All the triploids sexchecked (n=136) were female except for 6 immature individuals. All tetraploids examined (n-5) were female. Multilocus DNA fingerprinting identified 7 clonal lines (clone I-VII) based on the genetic identity between at least two samples. Individual specific DNA fingerprints were detected in eight specimens, suggesting the presence of 8 or more independent clonal lines. Among the 7 clones, clone I was the most predominant in the three Dokanbori moats, but the frequency was different among the samples examined in each year. Clone I and VI in the Imperial Palace were genetically identical to clone 8 and 6 detected in the Chugoku district, respectively. High genetic similarities between clone I triploid and four tetraploid individuals shown by DNA fingerprinting analysis suggest that these tetraploids may be produced by accidental incorporation of haploid sperm genome into gynogenetic triploid genotype.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of condensed tannin model compounds regioselectively labeled with a 13C-stable isotope

Abstract Condensed tannins exhibit diverse bioactivities that render them promising for applications in the food and medical fields. For the analysis and monitoring of condensed tannins, 13 C-labeled derivatives would provide a useful tool. In this study, condensed tannin polymers regioselectively labeled with a stable isotope were synthesized using 13 C-labeled acetic acid or 13 C-labeled dimethylformamide as the starting material. The resulting synthetic polymers were labeled with 13 C at the C-4 or C-2 positions. A GPC analysis revealed that all model polymers comprised mainly tetramer to hexamer structures. According to the 13 C-NMR data of the synthetic tannin models and natural condensed tannin obtained from sugi bark, the chemical structure of both compounds was very similar. Furthermore, compared with the natural condensed tannin and unlabeled synthetic polymer, the labeled compound showed more intense C-4 and C-2 13 C signals, indicating that the 13 C labeling proceeded regioselectively. These compounds are useful for analyzing the chemical reactions of condensed tannins and monitoring structural transformation processes in vivo.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Integration of an Axially Continuous Graphene with Functional Metals for High‐Temperature Electrical Conductors

Abstract Demands for effective high‐temperature electrical conductors continue to increase with the rapid adoption of electric vehicles. However, the use of conventional copper‐based conductors is limited to relatively low temperatures due to their poor oxidation resistance and microstructural instability. Here, a highly conductive and thermally stable nickel‐graphene‐copper (NiGCu) wire that combines the advantages of graphene and its metallic components is developed. The NiGCu wire consists of a conductive copper core, an oxidation‐resistant nickel shell, and axially continuous graphene embedded between them. The experiments on 10–80 µm diameter NiGCu wires demonstrate substantial enhancements in electrical properties and thermal stability across a variety of metrics. For instance, the smallest NiGCu wires have a 61.2% higher current density limit, 307.6% higher conductivity, and an order of magnitude smaller change in resistivity compared to conventional Ni‐coated Cu counterparts after annealing at 650 °C. By performing both innovative experiments and simulations using different sizes of NiGCu wires, the diffusion coefficients of metals are quantified, for the first time to the best knowledge, through continuous graphene. These results indicate that the dramatic improvement in thermo‐electrical properties is enabled by the embedded graphene layer which reduces NiCu interdiffusion by ≈10 4 times at 550 °C and 650 °C.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Online available since 2005/Nov/15 Pattern Classification of Acoustic Emission Signals During Wood Drying by Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

Abstract. This study was performed to classify the acoustic emission (AE) signal due to surface check and water movement of the flat-sawn boards of oak (Quercus Variablilis) during drying using the principle component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN). To reduce the multicollinearity among AE parameters such as peak amplitude, ring-down count, event duration, ring-down count divided by event duration, energy, rise time, and peak amplitude divided by rise time and to extract the significant AE parameters, correlation analysis was performed. Over 96 % of the variance of AE parameters could be accounted for by the first and second principal components. An ANN was successfully used to classify the AE signals into two patterns. The ANN classifier based on PCA appeared to be a promising tool to classify the AE signals from wood drying.

Topic: Wood Treatment and Properties
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Long-term evolution and complications of eating disorders].

Eating disorders long-term evolution is good in 50% of cases, middle in 25% (recovery from eating disorders, but still psychological suffering) and bad in 25% of cases, with chronic eating disorders, anxious or depressive comorbid disorder, and bad consequences in social patients' life. Anorexia nervosa has a considerably worse long-term outcome than bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorders. Never the less, purging bulimia nervosa is often associated with other impulsive symptoms, such as addictions and suicide attempts. Chronic undernutrition leads to main long-term medical complications of eating disorders: linear growth in adolescents with anorexia nervosa, infertility, and osteoporosis. These complications need a specific medical follow up, at least once a year, added to the psychiatric and psychotherapist follow-up.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
An Exploration of Gender System in Igbo Language

Igbo language belongs to the Igbo sub-group within Benue-kwa in the new west Benue Congo (Williamson & Blench, 2000). It is chiefly spoken in the South-Eastern geo-political zone of Nigeria. In the natural languages, the notion of gender is expressed, but there exist various ways by which each language expresses it in its particular grammar. In linguistics, grammatical gender systems as well as natural gender system exist. This paper explores gender system in Igbo Language and strategies the Language employs in expressing it in the syntactic constructions. The study employs the random sampling technique to select the population used in this study. The data were obtained through the oral interviews and also through recording of the speech of the Igbo native speakers. The paper adopts a descriptive method in the analysis of the data. The findings of the work show that Igbo language lacks grammatical gender system but there exist natural gender system which is based on the biological sex. The language does not have any overt morphological marker for expressing the notion of gender. In the language, some nouns have defined names which indicate their gender while those that do not have defined names for their gender, certain qualifying words are employed to indicate their gender. These qualifying words are free morphemes such as óké (male), nwunye (female), nwoke (male) and nwanyi (woman/female). The word óké is always in a high tone. These words have their specific positions in the syntactic structures respectively. óké and nwunye always precede the nouns immediately while nwoke and nwaanyi can occur before or after the noun. The language also expresses gender notion using traditional proper names such as Okafo, Mgbafo, Okeke and Mgbeke. Igbo pronouns, adjectives and determiners do not indicate gender in any form as in French, German and Latin.

Topic: Gender Studies in Language
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Zipeprol (Zinolta) Abuse among American Adolescents in Korea: A Discussion of the Problem, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment

Zipeprol dihydrochloride (Zinolta) is a Korean medication that is abused by American dependent teenagers in Korea. The adolescents usually present for medical care after a seizure. Since this medication is not available in the United States, many physicians are unfamiliar with zipeprol-induced seizures. The extent of the problem, the pharmacology and mechanism of action of zipeprol, the clinical presentation, and suggestions for treatment are discussed. Military physicians should consider zipeprol overdose when a teenager presents with a seizure.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 915054: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Event-related Potential Signatures of Relational Memory

Abstract Various lines of evidence suggest that memory for the relations among arbitrarily paired items acquired prior to testing can influence early processing of a probe stimulus. The event-related potential experiment reported here was designed to explore how early in time memory for a previously established face-scene relationship begins to influence processing of faces, under sequential presentation conditions in which a preview of the scene can promote expectancies about the to-be-presented face. Prior to the current work, the earliest component documented to be sensitive to memory for the relations among arbitrarily paired items was the late positive complex (LPC), but here relational memory effects were evident as early as 270–350 msec after face onset. The latency of these relational memory effects suggests that they may be the precursor to similar effects observed in eye movement behavior. As expected, LPC amplitude was also affected by memory for face-scene relationships, and N400 amplitude reflected some combination of memory for items and memory for the relations among items.

Topic: Face Recognition and Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Slope and Bottom Friction Impacts on Wave Attenuation from Living Shorelines

Living shorelines and other nature-based solutions have become more widely accepted as a cost-effective, multi-functional, and sustainable approach to coastal resilience. However, in spite of growing stakeholder support, a planning-level understanding of the hydrodynamic impact of living shorelines is not well developed. Not only do these features vary in size, shape, and structural characteristics, but the wave environment in which they exist can be quiescent or extreme. In a series of Simulation WAves Nearshore (SWAN) simulations, we investigated the effect of wave period, wave height, slope, living shoreline feature length, and feature friction coefficient on wave attenuation. Results showed that higher wave period, higher wave height, milder slopes, longer feature lengths, and higher feature roughness largely correlated with higher wave attenuation. However, only on mild slopes did additional feature lengths result in appreciable additional attenuation. Characteristic lengths were thus computed to better illustrate the cost-effectiveness of additional feature lengths given a particular wave environment. In this way, regardless of the particularities of individual project sites, planners can better assess potential living shoreline projects before pursuing more detailed, costly analyses.

Topic: Coastal and Marine Dynamics
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Burden and coping strategies among <scp>J</scp>ordanian caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract Recent studies reported hemodialysis patients' sufferings from physical and psychosocial issues, but few studies reported family–caregiver burdens. This study aims to explore the burdens and coping strategies of caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. Caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis (n = 139) at 3 dialysis units were given 3 forms: Caregiver and Patient Characteristics, Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale Difficulty Subscale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale was significantly related to self‐controlling ( r = 0.20) and seeking social support ( r = 0.17). Caregiver burden was positively and significantly correlated with self‐controlling coping subscale, with t = 1.10, P = 0.05, and β = 0.25. Living with the patient was the only variable that was a significant predictor of burden, with t = 2.96, P = 0.00, and β = 0.331. Living with patients predicted caregiver burden, and the burden scale correlated with self‐controlling. The findings contribute to the evidence on the adverse health effects of caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. This study suggests that nursing interventions should target caregiver knowledge for better coping.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1,2,4,5‐Tetraoxacycloalkanes : Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences