jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Livelihood and Job Creation

Livelihood and job creation have long&#13;\n been critical challenges to disaster recovery. Following the&#13;\n Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), the Japanese government&#13;\n launched an innovative cash-for-work (CFW) project, hiring&#13;\n more than 31,700 jobless people to work not only on&#13;\n reconstruction, but also on clerical and support work for&#13;\n affected people. This allowed it to reach out to women and&#13;\n the elderly, vulnerable groups that were traditionally&#13;\n excluded from schemes focusing primarily on manual work.&#13;\n This report gives findings; lessons; and recommendations for&#13;\n developing countries.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Learners' Self-Adaptation to Anxiety in Flipped Classrooms in MOOCs

The popularity of MOOCs has totally shifted the traditional teaching,which relieves the learners from theduck-stuffingway of teaching and converts them into active knowledge pursuers. Learners,however,tend to be anxious and feel lost and confused whensitting in the newclassroom. The paper is meant to dig out the reasons behind the anxiety and will equip itself with functional suggestions aiming to promote the efficiency both of learners' and of teachers'.

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
L‐alpha‐aminoadipic acid restricts dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor deficits in an inflammatory model of Parkinson’s disease in male rats

Abstract Neuroinflammation is a contributory factor underlying the progressive nature of dopaminergic neuronal loss within the substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, albeit the role of astrocytes in this process has been relatively unexplored to date. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of midbrain astrocytic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of intra‐nigral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced experimental Parkinsonism in male Wistar rats via simultaneous co‐injection of the astrocytic toxin L‐alpha‐aminoadipic acid (L‐AAA). Simultaneous intra‐nigral injection of L‐AAA attenuated the LPS‐induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive (TH + ) dopamine neurons in the SNpc and suppressed the affiliated degeneration of TH + dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum. L‐AAA also repressed LPS‐induced nigrostriatal dopamine depletion and provided partial protection against ensuing motor dysfunction. L‐AAA abrogated intra‐nigral LPS‐induced glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive (GFAP + ) reactive astrogliosis and attenuated the LPS‐mediated increases in nigral S100β expression levels in a time‐dependent manner, findings which were associated with reduced ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1‐positive (Iba1 + ) microgliosis, thus indicating a role for reactive astrocytes in sustaining microglial activation at the interface of dopaminergic neuronal loss in response to an immune stimulus. These results indicate that midbrain astrocytic dysfunction restricts the development of dopaminergic neuropathology and motor impairments in rats, highlighting reactive astrocytes as key contributors in inflammatory associated degeneration of the nigrostriatal tract.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Diversity of jack fruit germplasm in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu

The present investigation was undertaken to develop a variety of jackfruit. Hence, the research was conducted on the bearing trees of different jackfruit genotypes in the Pudukkottai District of Tamil Nadu, India, during the year 2016-2019. Fifty-five jackfruit genotypes, viz., KDM-AhJ-01 to KDM-AhJ-55, were selected for the study to identify superior ones. The season of fruiting in each genotype was recorded and classified into early (March-April), mid-season (May-June), and late (July-August). The genotype 46 was found to be mid-season bearing (May-June, 2016-2019). Meanwhile, KDM-AhJ -08, KDM-AhJ -10, and KDM-AhJ -35 were found to have late season bearing (July to August 2016-2019). The genotypes KDM-AhJ 31 and KDM-AhJ 32 were produced during the main season (March-April, 2016-2019) and also during the off-season (September -November 2016-2019) production of jackfruit. The highest number of fruits per plant (43.33.00) was obtained from 08, followed by 31 (33.33). Maximum individual fruit weight was gained from 46 (16.33 kg) followed by 10 (14.33 kg), and a minimum of (4.67 kg) was observed that genotype 08 was suitable for small families. Yield varied from 62.67 kg/tree to 458.33. Yield was recorded from 10. The highest number of flakes per fruit was obtained from 10 (210.00). The highest Flakes: Seed ratio was obtained from 10 (5.30). Upper limit TSS content recorded to 08 (29.17° brix). The highest total sugar (25.20%), highest protein, lowest acidity (0.10%), and lowest ascorbic acid content were found to be 8. Maximum carotene content was recorded on KDM-AhJ- 46, followed by 8 and 10. Maximum color and appearance of 9.00 were obtained from the genotypes KDM-AhJ- 10. A maximum overall acceptability of 9.75 was observed by genotype 08, followed by 10 (9.00). Genotype 51, recorded for the TSS content of (6° brix) followed by the genotypes viz.,6, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, and 26 (7° brix), was found to have low TSS content, hence it is suitable for diabetic patients. Genotype 37 was identified for vegetable purposes in the immature stage, and ripened fruits were more suitable for table purposes. KDM-AhJ- 31 and 39 identified for thousand fruited jackfruit genotype. Flake color varied from white, yellow, whitish yellow, light yellow, bright yellow, and senthuram/deep orange. The genotypes KDM-AhJ-01, 4, 7, and 10 showed good deep orange (Senthuram color) flakes. Genotype 45 recorded pure white flakes that were very sweet in taste. The owner of this jackfruit farmer, S.Karthick, said this is for Seeni pala. Genotypes 17, 18, and 19 were identified for Tharaipala. The shelf life of flakes varied distinctly among the fifty-five jackfruit germplasms. The genotypes KDM-AhJ -08 and KDM-Ah -10 record for five days. Among the 55 genotypes, diversity was recorded for every genotype. Based on overall performance concerning vegetative growth, yield, and quality, characters were recorded to identify the superior genotypes.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Complex Structures on $S^{2n}$

Let $\widetilde{\cal J}(S^{2n})$ be the set of orthogonal complex structures on $TS^{2n}$. We show that the twistor space $\widetilde{\cal J}(S^{2n})$ is a Kaehler manifold. Then we show that an orthogonal almost complex structure $J_f$ on $S^{2n}$ is integrable if and only if the corresponding section $f\colon\; S^{2n}\to \widetilde{\cal J}(S^{2n}) $ is holomorphic. These shows there is no integrable orthogonal complex structure on the sphere $S^{2n}$ for $n&gt;1$. We also show that there is no complex structure in a neighborhood of the space $\widetilde{\cal J}(S^{2n})$. The method is to study the first Chern class of $T^{(1,0)}S^{2n}$.

Topic: Geometry and complex manifolds
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of fracture toughness and impact toughness of laser rapid manufactured Inconel-625 structures and their co-relation

The present study involves evaluation of fracture toughness and Charpy impact toughness of Inconel 625 structures fabricated by laser based additive manufacturing. The results of crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) fracture toughness are close to those reported for the Inconel 625 weld metal. The nature of the load–time traces of instrumented Charpy impact tests revealed that the alloy Inconel 625 in laser fabricated condition was associated with fully ductile behavior with Charpy V-Notch impact energy in the range of 48–54 J. Stress relieving heat treatment at 950 °C for 1 h has resulted in marginal improvement in the impact toughness by about 10%, whereas no clear evidence of such improvement is seen in the CTOD fracture toughness. Fractographic examination of the Charpy specimens and the results of the instrumented impact tests imply that the mechanism of crack growth was propagation controlled under dynamic loading conditions. Dynamic fracture parameters were estimated from the instrumented impact test data and compared with the experimentally evaluated fracture toughness results.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Flow and heat transfer simulation with a thermal large eddy lattice Boltzmann method in an annular gap with an inner rotating cylinder

In this study, a thermal Large Eddy Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM–LES) is applied to Taylor–Couette flow simulations, allowing detailed analysis of local heat transport over a wide range of Taylor numbers, including resolved transient Taylor vortices. The challenge in thermal management of electric motors is to control the temperature in the air gap between rotor and stator due to the gap’s small width and complex geometry, in which Taylor vortices strongly influence the heat transfer. This thin gap — here simplified by an annulus — is solved for the first time by a Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method with a Smagorinsky sub-grid model. The influence of the rotational velocity of the inner cylinder with Taylor numbers from 36 to 511 — corresponding to a Reynolds number on the inner cylinder of up to 126[Formula: see text]000 — is numerically investigated. The simulations are validated on the basis of the global Nusselt number, where we find good agreement with a published measurement series, an empirical correlation and Finite Volume simulations using the SST turbulence model. Special attention is paid on predicting the critical Taylor number, which is reproduced almost exactly by Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) with LBM, whereas LBM–LES slightly overestimates and the SST model further overestimates the occurrence of Taylor vortices.

Topic: Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Time-varying step-transform algorithm for high squint SAR imaging

High-squint angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging has applications in specific situations such as providing looking angle-dependent scattering information and revisiting an area of interest. It is very difficult for current SAR-imaging algorithms to be used directly in high-squint configurations. This is due to the large range-cell migration and the nonnegligible cubic-phase term in the signal. In this paper, an improved algorithm called the time-varying step-transform algorithm is proposed. It uses different chirp rates to deramp the signal in different subapertures to alleviate the range-focus problem. The interval between subapertures is also varied according to the deramping chirp rate. The nonnegligible cubic-phase term is included in the focusing procedure. The performance of the proposed algorithm in high-squint-angle mode is excellent. By reducing the subaperture length as the squint angle is increased, the performance of the algorithm is almost independent of squint angle. The proposed algorithm is also flexible for multilook processing and motion-error compensation.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Postmodern Life Cycle and Pastoral Care and Counseling

Abstract Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of life cycle development has had a profound influence on the field of pastoral care and counseling. At the same time, Erikson's theory has been resoundingly critiqued from the standpoint of feminist psychology and theology, multiculturalism, and, more recently, from that of postmodernist theory. It is difficult to imagine, however, approaching the work of pastoral care and counseling without having some reconstructed form of life-cycle developmental theory in mind. By developing the capacity to hold in dialectical tension Erikson's psychosocial theory of the life cycle and various critiques of this particular framework, practitioners and clergy will discover that certain developmental issues, such as intimacy, identity formation, generativity, and integrity, still apply to the postmodern individual.

Topic: Theological Perspectives and Practices
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Computer Simulation: A Hybrid Model for Traffic Signal Optimisation

With the increasing number of vehicles in use in our daily life and the rise of traffic congestion problems, many methods and models have been developed for real time optimisation of traffic lights. Nevertheless, most methods which consider real time physical queue sizes of vehicles waiting for green lights overestimate the optimal cycle length for such real traffic control. This paper deals with the development of a generic hybrid model describing both physical traffic flows and control of signalised intersections. The firing times assigned to the transitions of the control part are considered dynamic and are calculated by a simplified optimisation method. This method is based on splitting green times proportionally to the predicted queue sizes through input links for each new cycle time. The proposed model can be easily translated into a control code for implementation in a real time control system.

Topic: Traffic control and management
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Network for Iterative Reconstruction of CT Images

Computed tomography (CT) uses X-ray measurements taken from sensors around the body to generate tomographic images of the human body. Conventional reconstruction algorithms can be used if the X-ray data are adequately sampled and of high quality; however, concerns such as reducing dose to the patient, or geometric limitations on data acquisition, may result in low quality or incomplete data. Images reconstructed from these data using conventional methods are of poor quality, due to noise and other artifacts. The aim of this study is to train a single neural network to reconstruct high-quality CT images from noisy or incomplete CT scan data, including low-dose, sparse-view, and limited-angle scenarios. To accomplish this task, we train a generative adversarial network (GAN) as a signal prior, to be used in conjunction with the iterative simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) for CT data. The network includes a self-attention block to model long-range dependencies in the data. We compare our Self-Attention GAN for CT image reconstruction with several state-of-the-art approaches, including denoising cycle GAN, CIRCLE GAN, and a total variation superiorized algorithm. Our approach is shown to have comparable overall performance to CIRCLE GAN, while outperforming the other two approaches.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Linnaea borealis L. var. borealis—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species

Linnaea borealis L. (Twinflower)—a dwarf shrub in the Linnaeeae tribe of Caprifoliaceae family—is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. By means of this study, a reliable protocol for efficient micropropagation of uniform L. borealis L. var. borealis plantlets has been provided for the first time; callus culture was also established. Different initial explants, types of cultures, media systems, and plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media were tested. Agitated shoot cultures in the liquid media turned out to be the best system for the production of sustainable plant biomass. After stabilization of the callus lines, the highest growth index (c.a. 526%) was gained for callus maintained on MS enriched with picloram. TLC and UHPLC-HESI-HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and for the first time, the presence of iridoids and triterpenoid saponins in this species. Multiplication of L. borealis shoot culture provides renewable raw material, allowing for the assessment of the phytochemical profile, and, in the future, for the quantitative analyses and the studies of the biological activity of extracts, fractions, or isolated compounds. This is the first report on in vitro cultures of traditionally used L. borealis rare taxon and its biosynthetic potential.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECTS OF REPLACING CEMENT BY DATE PALM TREES WASTES ON CONCRETE PERFORMANCE

This paper was studying the effects of palm tree wastes on the behavior of the concrete to reduce cement content in the concrete to ensure a sustainable environment. Both fibers of palm tree and the ash of palm tree leaves are used in this study considering different percentages of palm tree wastes, which are replaced the cement, to investigate both of workability and strength of the concrete. Also, the combination of palm tree leaves ash and fibers of palm trees is investigated. The slump and compression tests are carried out to evaluate both workability and concrete strength. The palm fibers were reducing the workability of concrete at both of different percentage of replacement and different fiber lengths. The slump is reduced by 26.667% at 2 cm fibers length and it is completely lost at 5 cm length fibers at the same percentage of replacement of 5% of the cement content. The palm fibers were weakening concrete compressive strength at different percentages and different fiber lengths. Palm leaves ash was enhancing concrete workability and concrete compressive strength.

Topic: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
More than a match? Assessing the HRM challenge of engaging employers to support retention and progression

This article considers employer engagement within a changing landscape of active labour market policy (ALMP). Employer engagement in ALMP has focused on supporting job entry for disadvantaged groups, through working with employers to attain changes on the demand side or using dialogue with employers to implement changes on the supply side. Employer engagement in this model is orientated to a point in time: the job match. However, ALMP policy in the UK is beginning to give greater emphasis to the sustainability of job entries and progression opportunities. This potentially creates a quite different set of expectations around employer engagement and asks more of employers. Yet securing strong engagement from employers in ALMP has tended to be difficult. This article examines the challenges that such a change in focus will have for existing models of employer engagement and on associated implications for HRM theory, policy and practices.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Simple Analytics for EGS: Quantifying Wellbore-centric Crustal Heat Extraction by Peclet Parameters

As with all EGS schemes, wellbore-centric heat extraction is subject to heat supply by conduction rather than by advected heat transport as with naturally convective geothermal systems. The impact of a conductive rather than a convective heat flow boundary is, however, not widely recognised. This omission can be remedied by analytic solutions for simple 2D steady-state and time-evolving wellborecentric radial flow heat transport parameterized by a dimensionless Peclet number, γ ≡ v0r0/D. Peclet number γ ≡ v0r0/D is the ratio of radial flow heat advection -- given by the product v0∙r0 [m 2 /s] of radial heat advective Darcy fluid velocity v0 at characteristic flow system radius r0 -- and intrinsic thermal diffusivity of the rock-fluid system, D ≡ K/wCw [m 2 /s]. For a flow medium of porosity , Darcy fluid flow velocity is given in terms of bulk seepage flow vs, v0 ≡ vs/. The effective crustal diffusivity D ~ 0.7∙10 -6 m 2 /s is given by the thermal conductivity of rock K ~ 3W/m∙ o C and the volumetric heat capacity wCw ~ 4 10 6 J/m 3 ∙ o C of the heat-transporting pore

Topic: Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research Progress of Epigenetic Modification on the Regulation of TransportersUnder Hypoxia

Abstract: Epigenetic modification refers to the heritable changes caused by chromosomal changes without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetics runs through the entire growth and differentiation process of the body, which causes varied diseases. Hypoxia is a physiological astate of lowered partial oxygen partial pressure that affects cell and tissue function. Transporters are proteins that maintain a normal and stable state of cells. Transporter's expression levels when hypoxia occurs influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, thereby affecting the utilization and efficacy of drugs. Epigenetic modification is assumed to play an important role in the metabolism of drugs. Changes in epigenetic modification and transporter expression levels under hypoxia are explored in our work, and the effect of epigenetic modification on transporter expression and how this regulatory mechanism works and affects drugs under hypoxia are questioned. It is important for drug development, treatment of diseases and rational use of drugs.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Vatican Vergil: A Masterpiece of Late Antique Art

Made in Rome around A.D. 400, the Vergil is the most famous and the most attractive illustrated book surviving from classical antiquity. David H. Wright introduces this masterpiece of late antique art and shows why it is such an impressive example of the new form of book, the codex, that replaced the traditional papyrus roll and permitted more elaborate illustrations. Here are thirty-two of the most interesting illustrations from the Vatican Vergil, reprinted in full color from the 1980 facsimile published in Graz, Austria, in collaboration with the Vatican Library.Facing each reproduction is the appropriate text from Vergil, in Latin and in English, together with explanatory comments. Wright discusses how the manuscript was made, describing the style of the capital script and of the illustrations as well as their sources in older classical traditions. He examines the Vergil as an example of the revival of classical culture in pagan circles in Rome at a time when Christian authority was systematically suppressing pagan religion. Finally, he surveys the afterlife of the codex, tracing how the work was studied and copied first in the Carolingian era and then in the Italian Renaissance. All the illustrations not reproduced in color are given at full size in black and white in a concluding list of the illustrations that have survived in this unique masterpiece.

Topic: Historical and Religious Studies of Rome
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences