jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Analysis of the Mammalian IL‐17 Cytokine Family Suggests Conserved Roles in Female Fertility

ABSTRACT Problem The interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) family includes pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐17A‐F with important roles in mucosal defence, barrier integrity and tissue regeneration. IL‐17A can be dysregulated in fertility complications, including pre‐eclampsia, endometriosis and miscarriage. Because mammalian subclasses (eutherian, metatherian, and prototherian) have different related reproductive strategies, IL‐17 genes and proteins were investigated in the three mammalian classes to explore their involvement in female fertility. Method of Study Gene and protein sequences for IL‐17s are found in eutherian, metatherian and prototherian mammals. Through synteny and multiple sequence protein alignment, the relationships among mammalian IL‐17s were inferred. Publicly available datasets of early pregnancy stages and female fertility in therian mammals were collected and analysed to retrieve information on IL‐17 expression. Results Synteny mapping and phylogenetic analyses allowed the classification of mammalian IL‐17 family orthologs of human IL‐17. Despite differences in their primary amino acid sequence, metatherian and prototherian IL‐17s share the same tertiary structure as human IL‐17s, suggesting similar functions. The analysis of available datasets for female fertility in therian mammals shows up‐regulation of IL‐17A and IL‐17D during placentation. IL‐17B and IL‐17D are also found to be over‐expressed in human fertility complication datasets, such as endometriosis or recurrent implantation failure. Conclusions The conservation of the IL‐17 gene and protein across mammals suggests similar functions in all the analysed species. Despite significant differences, the upregulation of IL‐17 expression is associated with the establishment of pregnancy in eutherian and metatherian mammals. The dysregulation of IL‐17s in human reproductive disorders suggests them as a potential therapeutic target.

Topic: Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of Environment on the Spatio‐Temporal Distribution of Rotifers in the Tidal Guangzhou Segment of the Pearl River Estuary, China

Abstract Rotifers were studied at two sites (Zhongda and Huangpu) in the tidal Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River in China, from April 2004 to March 2007. Fifty‐six species were recorded. Rotifers were most abundant during late fall. Overall, densities ranged from 4 to 5975 ind. L –1 , with mean densities of 1627 ± 233 ind. L –1 at Zhongda and 1051 ± 147 ind. L –1 at Huangpu. There was a positive correlation between rotifer density and chlorophyll a concentration at both sites. At Huangpu, rotifer abundance was significantly negatively correlated with salinity. Analysis of partial correlations suggested that the fluvial hydrodynamics and the physico‐chemical characteristics of the river affected chlorophyll and the development of rotifer populations was determined by chlorophyll in the lower reaches of Pearl River. The results also show that rotifer density estimates are significantly affected by sampling method. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Topic: Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spin-Conservation Rule (Wigner Rule)

The second edition of the Glossary of Terms Used in Photochemistry [Pure Appl. Chem.68, 2223–2286 (1996); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1996/pdf/6812x2223.pdf>] has been both corrected and updated. Terms have been added related to molecular anisotropy, the use of polarized radiation, nonlinear optical phenomena, and the emerging field of computation of excited species. Some changes have been introduced in this “Glossary” regarding the terms related to radiation energy to make this collection fully compatible with internationally agreed-upon terms. Many links are included to various Web pages listing quantities relevant to the work of photochemists and scientists using photochemical tools.

Topic: Chemistry and Stereochemistry Studies
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Osteoarthritis screening using Raman spectroscopy of dried human synovial fluid drops

We describe the use of Raman spectroscopy to investigate synovial fluid drops deposited onto fused silica microscope slides. This spectral information can be used to identify chemical changes in synovial fluid associated with osteoarthritis (OA) damage to knee joints. The chemical composition of synovial fluid is predominately proteins (enzymes, cytokines, or collagen fragments), glycosaminoglycans, and a mixture of minor components such as inorganic phosphate crystals. During osteoarthritis, the chemical, viscoelastic and biological properties of synovial fluid are altered. A pilot study was conducted to determine if Raman spectra of synovial fluid correlated with radiological scoring of knee joint damage. After informed consent, synovial fluid was drawn and x-rays were collected from the knee joints of 40 patients. Raman spectra and microscope images were obtained from the dried synovial fluid drops using a Raman microprobe and indicate a coarse separation of synovial fluid components. Individual protein signatures could not be identified; Raman spectra were useful as a general marker of overall protein content and secondary structure. Band intensity ratios used to describe protein and glycosaminoglycan structure were used in synovial fluid spectra. Band intensity ratios of Raman spectra indicate that there is less ordered protein secondary structure in synovial fluid from the damage group. Combination of drop deposition with Raman spectroscopy is a powerful approach to examining synovial fluid for the purposes of assessing osteoarthritis damage.

Topic: Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Gas Chemical Nanosensors with Sensing Elements Based on Copper and Nickel Oxides

The results of the development of gas chemical nanosensors with sensing elements based on copper and nickel oxides are presented in the review. The developed devices are systematized in accordance with the construction features of their sensing elements. Both types of nanosensors are divided into three groups. The first group includes devices with sensing elements containing a coating of only copper oxide or nickel oxide. The second group combines devices with sensing elements containing a coating of a layer of copper oxide or nickel oxide with an outer layer of another material. The third group are nanosensors with sensing elements containing a coating in the form of a layer of a composite material based on copper oxide or nickel oxide. The performance characteristics of these groups of devices are considered. Some patterns in their behavior are discussed. In particular, the potential of nanosensors in the identification of a large number of inorganic and organic chemical compounds is demonstrated. The effect of the morphology, thickness, and composition of the coating and temperature of the sensing elements on the sensitivity and selectivity of measurements and the response and recovery times is shown.

Topic: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Perpetual Leases Abolished in Japan

Other| May 12 1937 Perpetual Leases Abolished in Japan M. S. F. M. S. F. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (1966) 6 (10): 112–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/3022153 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. S. F.; Perpetual Leases Abolished in Japan. Asian Survey 1 October 1966; 6 (10): 112–113. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3022153 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
OpenMatch: An Open Source Library for Neu-IR Research

OpenMatch is a Python-based library that serves for Neural Information Retrieval (Neu-IR) research. It provides self-contained neural and traditional IR modules, making it easy to build customized and higher-capacity IR systems. In order to develop the advantages of Neu-IR models for users, OpenMatch provides implementations of recent neural IR models, complicated experiment instructions, and advanced few-shot training methods. OpenMatch reproduces corresponding ranking results of previous work on widely-used IR benchmarks, liberating users from surplus labor in baseline reimplementation. Our OpenMatch-based solutions conduct top-ranked empirical results on various ranking tasks, such as ad hoc retrieval and conversational retrieval, illustrating the convenience of OpenMatch to facilitate building an effective IR system. The library, experimental methodologies and results of OpenMatch are all publicly available at https://github.com/thunlp/OpenMatch.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chondroitin Sulfate Modifications. I. Carboxyl-reduced Chondroitin and Chondrosine

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChondroitin Sulfate Modifications. I. Carboxyl-reduced Chondroitin and ChondrosineM. L. Wolfrom and Bienvenido O. JulianoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 7, 1673–1677Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01492a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01492a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study of out-of-roundness (OOR) of holes in ceramics by USD process using Taguchi's methodology

This paper presents a study of the effect of process parameters on Out-Of-Roundness (OOR)-form accuracy obtained through Ultrasonic Drilling (USD) of holes in alumina-based ceramics using Silicon Carbide (SiC) abrasive. The parameters considered are workpiece material, tool material, grit size of the abrasive, power rating and slurry concentration. Taguchi's optimisation approach is used to obtain the optimal parameters for minimum OOR. The result shows that the OOR increases with the increase of grit size. The effect of concentration on OOR is insignificant. The results obtained are validated by conducting the confirmation experiments.

Topic: Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigating an Adapted Process Genre Writing Model and Its Implications for Undergraduate Thai Students

Teaching academic writing to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students poses significant challenges, often requiring instructors to adapt their instructional strategies to effectively meet learners' diverse needs and contexts. This study investigates the impact of an adapted process genre writing model, enhanced with teacher-prepared materials, on improving the academic writing proficiency of tertiary-level students at a public university in Thailand. A quantitative research method was employed for this study, involving a sample of 48 participants selected through convenience sampling. Over one semester, these students received intensive instruction based on the adapted process genre writing model. Data collection involved administering pre-and post-tests to measure changes in writing performance, with statistical analyses conducted using descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests to determine the significance of any improvements. The results revealed statistically significant improvements (p &lt; .05) in participants' writing proficiency, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adapted process genre writing model. The results suggest that integrating customized instructional resources into this framework can significantly support the academic writing development of Thai EFL undergraduates. The study's implications for EFL instruction are substantial, suggesting that a well-structured, genre-based approach, supplemented with tailored instructional materials, can significantly elevate students' writing proficiency in academic contexts. Recommendations for further research include exploring the long-term effects of this instructional model on students' writing abilities and investigating its applicability across different language proficiency levels and cultural settings.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Significance of the N-terminal fragment of myosin regulatory light chain for myosin-actin interaction.

The influence of myosin regulatory light chains (LC2s) lacking the 2kD N-terminal portions of these chains, on internal organization of myosin heads and on actin-myosin interaction was studied with limited proteolysis and polarized fluorescence methods. For these studies heavy meromyosin (HMM) preparations were used: HMM containing intact LC2s (phosphorylated or dephosphorylated) and HMM containing LC2s lacking the 2kD N-terminal portions (including serine which can be phosphorylated). It was found that the susceptibility of the heavy chain cleavage site to trypsin and the alkali light chain (LC1) site to papain of myosin containing shortened regulatory LC2s, is not dependent on saturation of LC2s with Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. This is in contrast to the myosin containing intact LC2s where Ca2+ or Mg2+ ion saturation does demonstrate a dependence. Similarly, in spectroscopic experiments, dephosphorylated HMM containing intact LC2s causes decrease or increase of actin filament flexibility depending on whether Mg2+ or Ca2+ are bound to LC2s. Correspondingly, HMM with shortened LC2s induces only increase of actin flexibility despite cations being bound. We conclude that the N-terminal fragment of LC2 is important for ensuring a proper Ca2+ dependent conformation of myosin head in the course of its actin-activated ATP hydrolysis.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD GASPUFF #146285.1

Gas fueling (Gas Puff) system to supply hydrogen (H2, D2) and impurity gasses (He, N2, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, etc.) into the LHD vacuum vessel for the plasma experiment and discharge cleaning, and at an emergency to stop or prevent the plasma discharges.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sponsorship and exhibitions at Nordic science centres and museums

Science and technology centres (STC) and science museums tend increasingly to rely on external economic support in order to create new exhibitions. But in what ways may the economic situation affect what is presented in their exhibitions? This article aims to explore how staff members consider the impact of sponsors when planning and creating new exhibitions. The results reveal that sponsors often are crucial, but also that sponsors may interfere with the content and design both directly and indirectly. Direct impact refers to sponsors’ explicit demands of being visible in the exhibition or demands concerning the content. Sponsors indirect impact refers to implicit demands, where the staff members need to take into account what they believe are views of the sponsors through self-censorship. This means that staff members seem to need to take into account sponsors’ possible views and demands both in advance and during the planning of new exhibitions.

Topic: Museums and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CRISPRi-Linked Multimodule Negative Feedback Loops to Address Winner-Take-All Resource Competition

Cellular resource limitations create unintended interactions among synthetic gene circuit modules, compromising circuit modularity. This challenge is particularly pronounced in circuits with positive feedback, where uneven resource allocation can lead to Winner-Takes-All (WTA) behavior, favoring one module at the expense of others. In this study, we experimentally implemented a Negatively Competitive Regulatory (NCR) controller using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and evaluated its effectiveness in mitigating WTA behavior in two gene circuits: dual self-activation and cascading bistable switch. We chromosomally integrated a tunable dCas9 gene and designed module-specific gRNAs, with each module encoding its own gRNA to self-repress via competition for limited dCas9. This configuration introduces strong negative feedback to the more active module while reallocating resources to the less active one, promoting balanced module activation. Compared to the control group lacking dCas9-mediated repression, the NCR controller significantly increased module coactivation and suppressed WTA behavior. Our quantitative results demonstrate that NCR provides an effective strategy for regulating resource competition and improving the modularity of synthetic gene circuits.

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genomic imprinting is implicated in the psychology of music

Why do we sing to babies? Human infants are relatively altricial and need their parents' attention to survive. Infant-directed song may constitute a signal of that attention. In the rare genomic imprinting disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), typically paternally-expressed genes from chromosome 15q11–q13 are unexpressed, resulting in exaggeration of traits that reduce offspring investment demands on the mother. PWS may thus be associated with a distinctive musical phenotype. We report unusual responses to music in PWS. Subjects (N = 39) moved more during music listening, exhibited greater reductions in heart rate in response to music listening, and displayed a specific deficit in pitch discrimination ability relative to typically-developing adults and children (N = 589). Paternally-expressed genes from 15q11–q13, unexpressed in PWS, may thus increase demands for music and enhance perceptual sensitivity to music. These results implicate genomic imprinting in the psychology of music, informing theories of music's evolutionary history.

Topic: Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Semantic Feature and the Objective Base of Semantic Analysis

A group of content words in the same syntactic position have similar meaning, such as semantic features, figurative meaning, presupposition, situation, pragmatic and inference meanings. These meanings influence the grammatical form of the content words and the phrases involved in content words. With these semantic factors, we can explain some grammatical forms. That is the semantic analysis in the study of Chinese grammar. This method relies on the dependency of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relation, the correlation between grammatical form and meaning. These two kinds of relationship make the method static and discrete. It can only be applied to the internal structure of syntax.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Semi-Automatic Ontology Engineering in Business Applications

Abstract: Search technology can be applied to many applications and is in the heart of always growing information society. A promising new development is the use of ontologies to enable semantic modeling of data and user queries. Generation and maintenance of ontologies are a costly thing though. We propose a framework to build and maintain ontologies in a semi-automatic way. The article motivates the development from application point of view, relates to work known from the literature and introduces the so-called ontology workbench. 1

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Markov-Chain Model for Multivariate Magazine-Exposure Distributions

A multivariate magazine-exposure model that generalizes Danaher's univariate model is developed. Let S i be the number of issues of magazine i a person reads (Si = 0, 1, …, ki , i = 1, …, m). My Markov-chain model considers both within- and between-magazine correlation with the result that S1,…., S m are conditionally independent given the reading outcome for the first issue of each magazine. I am ultimately interested in modeling S T = σ m i=1 Si , the total number of exposures a person has to a set of magazines, and I derive this from the model for the joint distribution of (S1 ,…, Sm ). The proposed model is shown to give a significantly better fit to observed exposure distributions than the best currently known models. Finally, I obtain the asymptotic distribution of S T , which can be used for advertising schedules with many magazines and has the benefit of being computationally much faster than my exact model.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Friction Coefficient on Snowy and Icy Surfaces of Pneumatic Tires Fitted with or without Anti-Skid Devices

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The dynamic performances respectively of a front- and a rear wheel drive car on icy and snowy surfaces has been assessed. Winter pneumatic tires, new anti-slip wheelsocks, and snow chains were tested. The three accelerations and the three angular velocities at the centre of gravity were measured, together with the angular speeds of all axles. The maximum traction force was also measured. Proper maneuvers to investigate both longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamic behaviour have been performed and a complete analysis of the collected data is presented. The results confirmed the observation that snow chains allow always the best performances on both icy and snowy surfaces.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences