jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transitional Care: <i>A Priority for Health Care Organizational Ethics</i>

Abstract Numerous studies have revealed that health care transitions for chronically ill older adults are frequently poorly managed, often with devastating human and economic consequences. And poorly managed transitions and their consequences also occur among younger, relatively healthy individuals who have adequate resources and are prepared to advocate on their own behalf. Despite the rich base of research confirming that evidence‐based transitional care enhances patients’ experiences, improves health and quality of life, and reduces costs, organizational, regulatory, financial, and cultural barriers have, until recently, prevented widespread adoption of these proven approaches. Provisions of the Affordable Care Act, such as reductions in Medicare payments to hospitals with very high thirty‐day rehospitalization rates, have reduced barriers, but uptake of evidence‐based transitional care beyond demonstration projects continues to be sporadic and far too slow. With a rich understanding about how to better anticipate and respond to the compelling problems experienced by patients, family caregivers, and health care professionals throughout episodes of acute illness, the time has come to frame transitional care as a system's ethical responsibility in an aging society. Embedding transitional care within the ethical obligations of a health care system requires the perspectives and involvement of nurses and nursing because of this profession's integral role in every aspect of care transitions .

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A macroscopic delayed-choice quantum eraser using a commercial laser

The heart of quantum mechanics is quantum superposition between orthogonal bases of a single particle. In the particle nature of quantum mechanics, quantum superposition is represented by probability amplitudes between mutually exclusive natures such as orthogonal polarization bases. The delayed-choice quantum eraser is for the post-determination of the photon nature, raising the cause-effect relation issue. Over the last several decades, quantum erasers have been intensively studied using nearly all kinds of photons. Here, the macroscopic delayed-choice quantum eraser is experimentally demonstrated using a continuous wave laser and discussed for quantum superposition in a macroscopic regime. For this, a noninterfering Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of two polarizing beam splitters is chosen to manipulate polarization bases of lights and to measure them in a delayed-choice manner via polarization-basis projection.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Probing the Magnetic Field with Molecular Ion Spectra. II.

We present further observational evidence in support of our earlier proposal (Houde et al. 2000) for detecting the presence of the magnetic field in molecular clouds by comparing spectra of molecular ions with those of neutral molecules. The ion lines tend to be narrower and do not show the wings due to flows, when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong. We obtained spectra for the optically thin lines of the H13CN and H13CO+ species in a sample of ten molecular clouds and found the results to be in agreement with our previous observations of the main isotopic species, HCN and HCO+, made in OMC-1, OMC-2, OMC-3 and DR21OH, thus eliminating the possibility of optical depth effects playing a role in the ion line narrowing. HCS+ was also detected in four of these star forming regions. We also discuss previously published results by (Benson et al. 1998) of N2H+ detections in a large sample of dark clouds. We show that the similarity in line widths between ion and neutral species in their sample is consistent with the relatively small amount of turbulence and other flows observed in these clouds.

Topic: Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
STAR-RIS Integrated Nonorthogonal Multiple Access and Over-the-Air Federated Learning: Framework, Analysis, and Optimization

This paper integrates non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and over-the-air federated learning (AirFL) into a unified framework using one simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS). The STAR-RIS plays an important role in adjusting the decoding order of hybrid users for efficient interference mitigation and omni-directional coverage extension. To capture the impact of non-ideal wireless channels on AirFL, a closed-form expression for the optimality gap (a.k.a. convergence upper bound) between the actual loss and the optimal loss is derived. This analysis reveals that the learning performance is significantly affected by the active and passive beamforming schemes as well as wireless noise. Furthermore, when the learning rate diminishes as the training proceeds, the optimality gap is explicitly shown to converge with linear rate. To accelerate convergence while satisfying quality-of-service requirements, a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem is formulated by jointly designing the transmit power at users and the configuration mode of STAR-RIS. Next, a trust region-based successive convex approximation method and a penalty-based semidefinite relaxation approach are proposed to handle the decoupled non-convex subproblems iteratively. An alternating optimization algorithm is then developed to find a suboptimal solution for the original MINLP problem. Extensive simulation results show that i) the proposed framework can efficiently support NOMA and AirFL users via concurrent uplink communications, ii) our algorithms achieve faster convergence rate on IID and non-IID settings compared to existing baselines, and iii) both the spectrum efficiency and learning performance is significantly improved with the aid of the well-tuned STAR-RIS.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Research Note AIM APPARATUS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES OF PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE

Describes the design of apparatus and development of a test procedure to measure the contraction time, one‐half relaxation time, net twitch tension/g wet weight muscle, net tetanus tension/g wet weight muscle and twitch‐tetanus ratio in muscle of porcine animals weighing up to 100 kg.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Internal Phosphodiesterase RegA Is Essential for the Suppression of Lateral Pseudopods during<i>Dictyostelium</i>Chemotaxis

Dictyostelium strains in which the gene encoding the cytoplasmic cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA is inactivated form small aggregates. This defect was corrected by introducing copies of the wild-type regA gene, indicating that the defect was solely the consequence of the loss of the phosphodiesterase. Using a computer-assisted motion analysis system,regA − mutant cells were found to show little sense of direction during aggregation. When labeled wild-type cells were followed in a field of aggregatingregA − cells, they also failed to move in an orderly direction, indicating that signaling was impaired in mutant cell cultures. However, when labeled regA − cells were followed in a field of aggregating wild-type cells, they again failed to move in an orderly manner, primarily in the deduced fronts of waves, indicating that the chemotactic response was also impaired. Since wild-type cells must assess both the increasing spatial gradient and the increasing temporal gradient of cAMP in the front of a natural wave, the behavior of regA − cells was motion analyzed first in simulated temporal waves in the absence of spatial gradients and then was analyzed in spatial gradients in the absence of temporal waves. Our results demonstrate that RegA is involved neither in assessing the direction of a spatial gradient of cAMP nor in distinguishing between increasing and decreasing temporal gradients of cAMP. However, RegA is essential for specifically suppressing lateral pseudopod formation during the response to an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP, a necessary component of natural chemotaxis. We discuss the possibility that RegA functions in a network that regulates myosin phosphorylation by controlling internal cAMP levels, and, in support of that hypothesis, we demonstrate that myosin II does not localize in a normal manner to the cortex ofregA − cells in an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Kannada Handwritten Script Recognition using Machine Learning Techniques

Many researchers have contributed to automate the optical character recognition. But handwritten character recognition is still an uncompleted task. In this paper we are proposing two techniques to recognize handwritten Kannada script, which yields high accuracy compared to previous works. There are lot of challenges in recognizing handwritten Kannada scripts. Few of the challenges include: each person have their own handwriting, there is no uniform spacing between alphabets, words and lines. Another main problem when it comes to Kannada language is that there is no large dataset available to train the recognition system, and it is challenging to write all combinations of each alphabet in Kannada script. In the proposed work, we have gathered the handwritten training set from the Web and from the students of our campus and segmented each letter. We have proposed two methods to recognize the handwritten Kannada characters. The first techniques is by Tesseract tool, and second is by using Convolution Neural Network (CNN). With Tesseract tool we have achieved 86% accuracy and through Convolution Neural Network we achieved87% accuracy although it might improve with the data set chosen and further enhanced image processing. The main idea behind this work is to extract text from the scanned images, identify the Kannada letters in it accurately and display or store it for further usage.

Topic: Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization, and ab initio Computation of the First Binary Antimony Azide, Sb(N3)3.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selective Recruitment of T-Cell Subsets to the Udder during Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Mastitis: Analysis of Lymphocyte Subsets and Adhesion Molecule Expression

ABSTRACT During bacterial infection of the bovine mammary gland, large numbers of leukocytes migrate into the udder, resulting in the establishment of a host response against the pathogen. Currently, the specific leukocyte populations mediating this immune response are not well defined. In the studies described here, we analyzed blood and milk from healthy cows and cows with naturally occurring mastitis to determine if distinct αβ and γδ T-lymphocyte subsets were involved in the response of the udder to a mastitis pathogen and if the type of mastitis pathogen influenced the subset composition of these responding leukocytes. Although blood samples from cows with confirmed staphylococcal and streptococcal mastitis were characterized by increased numbers of γδ T cells, the most dramatic changes in leukocyte distributions occurred in milk samples from these cows, with a 75% increase in αβ T-cell levels and a 100% increase in γδ T-cell levels relative to the levels in milk samples from healthy animals. Interestingly, the increase in αβ T-cell numbers observed in milk from cows with staphylococcal mastitis was primarily due to increased numbers of CD4 + T cells, while the increase in αβ T-cell numbers observed in cows with streptococcal mastitis was due to a parallel increase in both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell numbers. The increased numbers of γδ T cells in milk from cows with staphylococcal and streptococcal mastitis were due to a selective recruitment of a distinct γδ T-cell subset (GD3.1 + ), while no change in the numbers of GD197 + γδ T cells was observed. We also analyzed adhesion protein expression on blood and milk leukocytes and found that, in comparison to the situation for healthy cows, L-selectin was down-regulated and CD18 was up-regulated on leukocytes from cows with mastitis. Thus, shedding of L-selectin and up-regulation of CD18 by neutrophils may provide a sensitive indicator of early inflammatory responses during bovine mastitis. Overall, these studies suggest that distinct αβ and γδ T-cell subsets are involved in the host defense of the udder against mastitis infection and that selective recruitment of these T-cell subsets depends on the infectious agent involved.

Topic: Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Free Energy Gap and Statistical Thermodynamic Fidelity of DNA Codes (Postprint)

Abstract : nanotechnology often requires collections of oligonucleotides called DNA free energy gap that do not produce erroneous crosshybridizations in a competitive muliplexing environment. This paper addresses the question of how to design these codes to accomplish a desired amount of work within an acceptable error rate. Using a statistical thermodynamic and probabilistic model of code fidelity and mathematical random coding theory methods, theoretical lower bounds on the size of codes are given. More importantly, code design parameters (e.g., strand number, strand length and sequence composition) needed to achieve experimental goals are identified.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Morphological and Functional Characteristics of the Muscle Tissue of Gobies of Cattle of Three Breeds (Hereford, Kazakh White-Headed and Kalmyk)

Abstract Using a complex of morphological methods, the muscle tissue of 18-month-old gobies of three cattle breeds (Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk) was studied. The results of the study showed that in the biceps femoris muscle and the longest muscle of the back of bulls of Hereford breed, the average diameter of muscle fibers was higher than in animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds. The thickness of the endomysium in the muscles of the animals studied was in the range of 6–13 μm and had no pronounced breed differences. Among the cellular elements of endomysium, endotheliocytes prevailed. Their share was about 80%. Type 1 collagen was higher in Hereford animals. In the muscles of animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds, the content of adipose tissue was higher than in animals of the Hereford breed. The results obtained reflect typical patterns of the structural and functional characteristics of cattle muscle tissue, and also show the range of in-breed variability of the muscle tissue of these animals.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An Accurate Tag Estimate Method for Improving the Performance of an RFID Anticollision Algorithm Based on Dynamic Frame Length ALOHA

In a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system, the dynamic frame length ALOHA protocol is widely adopted to solve the anticollision problem. Analysis for the anticollision problem can be divided into two primary parts. The concern of the first part is how to precisely estimate the number of tags. The other part involves determination of dynamic frame length to achieve maximum throughput or channel usage efficiency. In this paper, we present an accurate method for estimating tag quantity. This method is based on the maximum <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">posteriori</i> probability decision. We also derive the optimal frame length using radio channel efficiency. Simulation results indicate the tag estimate error of the proposed method is less than 4%. Use of our proposed tag estimate method together with optimal frame length can achieve close to the theoretical maximum throughput of the framed ALOHA algorithm.

Topic: RFID technology advancements
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cloudsim Cloud Computing Simulation Platform and data set Creators

In this uploaded file, Cloudsim-AHP is the cloud computing simulation platform, in which the VM placement method has been modified to the VM placement strategy based on AHP multidimensional decision making method proposed in this paper. The "data set" file is the inbuilt data set in the above mentioned cloud simulation platform.

Topic: Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kinetics of Photocontrollable Micelles: Light-Induced Self-Assembly and Disassembly of Azobenzene-Based Surfactants Revealed by TR-SAXS

The kinetics of micelles involving photosensitive surfactants is still not well understood. In this work, we unravel the mechanistic pathways involved in the micelle formation and dissolution of photocontrollable micelles. We focus on the fast self-assembly processes of photosensitive cationic azobenzene-containing surfactants (AzoTMA) that display a change in hydrophobicity induced by a reversible cis-trans conformational transition upon exposure to light. By combining both in situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and light scattering, we characterized the detailed structure and phase behavior of AzoTMA in mixtures of water and dimethylformamide (DMF). Time-resolved synchrotron SAXS with monochromatic light as a trigger enabled us to observe the nonequilibrium formation and dissolution process of micelles (demicellization) directly on the nanoscale with a time resolution starting from milliseconds. The structural results show that in pure water UV-light illumination leads to a 12% reduction of the aggregation number of the micelles and more than a 50% increase in the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Close to the CMC, adjusted by the addition of DMF, UV light illumination leads to a complete dissolution of the micelles, while shining blue light reverses the process and leads to the reformation of micelles. The UV-triggered dissolution follows a two-step mechanism; the first and rapid (second time scale) release of unimers is followed by a slower decomposition of the micelles (over tens of seconds) as a result of an increase in temperature due to optical absorption. Similarly, the reverse process, i.e., micelle formation, occurs rapidly upon photoconversion to trans conformers under blue light, and micelles are disrupted at long exposure time due to the optical absorption and corresponding increase in temperature. Interestingly, the coexistence of unimers with regular micelles is found at all times, and no other transient assemblies could be detected by SAXS.

Topic: Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE NEUROLOGIC ASPECTS OF INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION

My purpose is to review the condition commonly spoken of as intermittent claudication and to point out features which are of particular neurologic interest. The term intermittent claudication, as Buerger<sup>1</sup>said, should be rejected as descriptive of a disease and should be restricted to a combination of associated symptoms observable in a number of different pathologic processes. Intermittent claudication may be a symptom of any form of arterial disease, though usually it is due either to arteritis obliterans or to arteriosclerosis of all or a portion of a peripheral tree. Buerger quoted Bing<sup>2</sup>as finding it impossible to differentiate between the intermittent claudication of endarteritis obliterans and that of arteriosclerosis. However, there is a contrast which is usually maintained. With arteritis obliterans, gross trophic changes, frequently gangrene, occur. In the conditions due to arteriosclerosis gangrene is extremely rare. My experience has been with intermittent claudication as a symptom

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mechanism of RORα in Promoting Osteoarthritis through p53 Deubiquitination-Mediated Chondrocyte Ferroptosis

While ferroptosis is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of this process in human chondrocytes is lacking. We compared the gene expression profiles of primary chondrocytes isolated from normal and OA human cartilage using RNA-seq to identify key regulatory genes and pathways. Subsequently, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to characterize the functional significance of differentially expressed genes. The majority of variation was found between OA and normal chondrocytes, revealing a distinct ferroptosis-related gene signature in the diseased state. Specifically, key ferroptosis suppressors, including SLC7A11 and GPX4, were downregulated, while promoters such as ACSL4 and FTH1 were upregulated in OA chondrocytes. Functional clustering based on GO terms highlighted the disruption of iron homeostasis and dysregulation of glutathione metabolism as critical pathways in OA progression. Our findings provide a transcriptomic basis for the pathogenic role of ferroptosis in OA, corroborating in vitro and in vivo functional experiments, and this dataset serves as a resource for investigating novel therapeutic targets.

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences