jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Combined concurrent Physical and Chemical model for accelerated weathering damages of polyurethane-based coatings

Paints and coatings undergo a variety of physical and chemical changes under environmental exposures. Accurate prediction of these changes is important for the applications of coatings. This work presents a novel approach to modeling accelerated weathering of coating by combining concurrent physical and chemical processes. The model integrates key factors influencing coating degradation and employs a multi-scale framework to capture macro-scale physical changes and micro-level chemical transformations. The chemical component/model simulates photo-degradation reactions using kinetic equations, while the physical component uses Monte Carlo simulations where repeated random events develop surface erosion. The surface topography and chemistry of coating is generated statistically through the physical model. The variations in surface topography and chemistry of coating are correlated with the chemical changes from the chemical model, resulting in estimation of both physical and chemical changes in the coating during real accelerated weathering time. Results demonstrate accurate predictions of chemistry changes, surface degradation profiles, roughness, gloss loss, and relative fracture toughness, which are validated successfully with the experimentally available data. This integrated approach provides insight into coating failure mechanisms, enabling accurate service life prediction, and serve as a tool for formulating durable coatings and optimizing testing protocols.

Topic: Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two- sided tolerance limits and confidence bounds for normal populations

Let (X1,...,n.) be a random sample from a normal population N(μ, σ2), also let and . The random variable is the coverage of the tolerance interval . (Φ(x) is the CDF of the standard normal variable.) Let E(q) denote the event Using the results of D.B. Owen (1965) on bivariate non-central t - variables, we obtain the exact value of the probability Pr[E(q)] under conditions that are satisfied in practical applications. Numerical algorithm is also suggested to calculate Pr[E(q)]. Applications include finding two-sided tolerance intervals for normal populations and calculating lower confidence bounds for the fraction of products conforming to two-sided specifications.

Topic: Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of pathway/genome databases

The MetaCyc database (http://metacyc.org/) provides a comprehensive and freely accessible resource for metabolic pathways and enzymes from all domains of life. The pathways in MetaCyc are experimentally determined, small-molecule metabolic pathways and are curated from the primary scientific literature. MetaCyc contains more than 1800 pathways derived from more than 30,000 publications, and is the largest curated collection of metabolic pathways currently available. Most reactions in MetaCyc pathways are linked to one or more well-characterized enzymes, and both pathways and enzymes are annotated with reviews, evidence codes and literature citations. BioCyc (http://biocyc.org/) is a collection of more than 1700 organism-specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs). Each BioCyc PGDB contains the full genome and predicted metabolic network of one organism. The network, which is predicted by the Pathway Tools software using MetaCyc as a reference database, consists of metabolites, enzymes, reactions and metabolic pathways. BioCyc PGDBs contain additional features, including predicted operons, transport systems and pathway-hole fillers. The BioCyc website and Pathway Tools software offer many tools for querying and analysis of PGDBs, including Omics Viewers and comparative analysis. New developments include a zoomable web interface for diagrams; flux-balance analysis model generation from PGDBs; web services; and a new tool called Web Groups.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
AhnJaeHong’s New Nationalism and HongIk Nationalism

단재 신채호에 의해 개시되고 대종교와 밀접한 관련 위에서 전개된 민족주의사학은 서기전 24세기에 시작된 민족사가 단군-부여-고구려로 이어지며 만주일대에서 펼쳐졌다는 민족 정체성을 정립하였고, 항일독립투사들의 사상적 기반이 되었다.<BR> 민족주의사학을 계승한 안재홍은 조선 고유의 역사 유산 속에서 고래(古來)의 민주주의 원리이자 철학인 ｢다사리｣ 사상을 찾아내어 통일민족국가 건설의 사상·이념적인 토대로 삼아 ｢신민족주의와 신민주주의｣로 정리하였다.<BR> 안재홍이 조선 역사에서 찾은 ｢다사리｣는 고대의 민주주의였으나 특수 계급(귀족)에게만 독점되었다. 안재홍은 그 향유 대상을 전민족ㆍ전민중에까지 확대하여 보편화하고, 부·권력·지식을 전민중이 균등하게 누리며 공영(共榮)하고, 모든 국민이 노동균등이라는 의무를 함께 해야만 신민주주의이자 신민족주의가 된다고 보았다. 이런면에서 민족주의, 민주주의, 좌우합작 등 모든 면에서 안재홍과 다른 길을 걸은 손진태는 안재홍과 같은 ‘신민족주의자’라고 볼 수 없는 것이다.<BR> 안재홍의 신민족주의에 대한 기존의 연구와 평가는 다양하지만 이들은 모두 안재홍이 조선 고유의 사상에서 ‘신민족주의와 신민주주의’의 바탕을 이루는 요소를 찾아냈다는 것을 공통적으로 인정할 뿐, 그 조선 고유의 사상에 대해 깊이 있게 연구한 논문은 별로 없다.<BR> 안재홍은 조선 선민(先民) 세계관의 이치를 일·삼(一·三)사상을 자기화한 표현으로 ｢비｣(허공)·｢몬｣(물질)·｢씨｣(종자)를 들어 설명하기도 하고, 고래의 민주주의였지만 1945년 당시에는 개념과 내용을 확장해서 이해해야 할 홍익인간사상을 ｢다사리｣로 이름 지어 신민주주의의 핵심으로 삼기도 했고, ｢신지비사｣에서 연원한 조소앙의 균평흥방론을 신민족주의에 활용하기도 하였다. ｢신민족주의와 신민주주의｣에서 보이는 이러한 안재홍의 사상은 안재홍이 선가(仙家)였음을 입증하고 있으며 따라서 서구의 정치사상이 아니라 한국선도라는 관점에서 안재홍을 바라보아야 올바른 평가가 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.<BR> 또한 필자는 안재홍에 대한 기왕의 ‘단군민족주의’라는 평가는, 단군민족주의의 핵심인 홍익실천사상의 조화·상생·평화라는 내용성과 환웅시대부터 시작되었다는 시기성을 함께 고려하여 새롭게 ‘홍익민족주의’로 바꾸는 것이 타당하다고 제안하였다.

Topic: Asian Culture and Media Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Subalgebra Independence

Subobject independence as morphism co-possibility has recently been defined in [2] and studied in the context of algebraic quantum field theory. This notion of independence is handy when it comes to systems coming from physics, but when directly applied to classical algebras, subobject independence is not entirely satisfactory. The sole purpose of this note is to introduce the notion of subalgebra independence, which is a slight variation of subobject independence, yet this modification enables us to connect subalgebra independence to more traditional notions of independence. Apart from drawing connections between subalgebra independence and coproducts and congruences, we mainly illustrate the notion by discussing examples.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Removal of Deflection and Reconstruction of Foundations of the Historic Museum Building

Abstract The displacements and forces were measured and analysed in the jacks on which the structure was rested during the complex renovation. The building was deflected from the vertical and its foundations were damaged. The renovation consisted in lifting the above-ground part of the structure and removing its deflection and then replacing the foundations. The building subject to renovation and investigations dates back to 1902; it is a historical structure and serves as a museum. The building is partially cellared, has two above-ground floors and a rectangular projection with 10.3 m and 10.7 m long sides. The building was vertically deflected by 31 mm/m. 27 hydraulic jacks were installed in order to remove the deflection in the axes of the cellar and foundation walls. With their help, the building was torn apart and then straightened by uneven lifting. After the rectification, the weight of the building was transferred onto a new system of supports transferring the load directly to the ground outside the foundations and the jacks located in the walls’ axes were dismounted. This made it possible to demolish the old stone foundations which were in very poor technical condition. New reinforced concrete strip foundations and foundation walls made of concrete blocks were made in their place. The forces and displacements in the jacks were continuously measured during the rectification. The article presents these measurements and establishes the relationships between the forces in the jacks and the displacements of the elevated building. The scope of the renovation and the innovative structural solutions applied in the construction of the foundations are also presented. The renovation of the deflected structure allowed to avoid demolition of the historic building and its re-assembly. Moreover, with the presented procedure, no damage was caused to the structure’s elements that were being lifted. The measurements of forces and displacements made it possible to determine the parameters of the straightened building.

Topic: Geotechnical and Mining Engineering
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of the Nutrient Status of a Soil after Incubation with Organic Residues for Different Days in Benin City, Nigeria

Studies were carried out in Benin City, Nigeria, on an Ultisol with slightly acidic (pH =5.20) conditions to determine the nutrient status of the soil before and after incubation with various organic residues (chromoleana odorate =CH; Pennisitum purpureum =PN; Maize Stover = MS; Soybean Straw =SB; Cowdung =CD and Poultry dropping =PD) at different days of incubation, with the aims of finding out at what approximate period a better nutrient build up might had occurred so as to plant for a good crop yield. Routine analysis of the soil before incubation of the organic residues indicated that the soil had a low nutrient status. Organic residues significantly (P=0.05) influenced the soil nutrient status after incubation with the organic residues. The nutrient status of the soil at the 42 days of incubation period was significantly higher than that at the 21 days and the initial soil nutrient status respectively. The organic residues (Cow dung and poultry droppings) of animal origin encourage a higher nutrient status to the soil compared to the values obtained from the plant residues. However, both cow dung and poultry droppings contributions to soil nutrient status did not differ significantly from one another. But for the plant residues, the soybean straw significantly encouraged a higher nutrient status to the soil more than the others. This study has shown that when organic residues are added to a soil, some duration of days should be allowed before planting can be done. This is to allow a built up of a nutrient status that would encourage a better crop growth. In this study an approximate period of between 21 and 42 day might be appropriate for these organic residues used in the soil studied.

Topic: Soil and Land Suitability Analysis
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatalla confusa (95328)

<b>Kingdom:</b> Plantae<br><b>Division: </b>Magnoliophyta<br><b>Class:</b> Eudicots<br><b>Order: </b>Proteales<br><b>Family:</b> Proteaceae<br><b>Scientific name: </b>Spatalla confusa (E.Phillips) Rourke<br><b>Specimen barcode: </b>95328

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Firms in the Post-WTO Period

India is one of the major exporters of leather products. However, the exporting firms need to conform to a number of environment-related compliance requirements in foreign markets, which function as a major barrier. For instance, the introduction of the German ban on import of leather products with traces of PCP and azo dyes in late nineties has been followed by similar product and process related standards in other developed countries like the US. The outward-orientation of Indian leather sector firms has gone up over the years, accompanied by rising degree of environmental compliance for exporting units. The objective of the current paper is to analyze the determinants of environmental expense of leather firms in India in the period following the imposition of the stringent environmental standard through an empirical model. The findings underline the reverse relationship between environmental compliance and export orientation, but positive relationship with firm size and ownership structure. The result indicates that smaller players may encounter problems in undertaking of the compliance expenditures, which requires policy intervention. JEL Classifications: L67, F18

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Multi-Institutional Experience with Robotic Nephrectomy with Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombectomy

Robotic nephrectomy in the setting of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus is feasible and was performed safely in selected patients. Despite the complex and critical nature of these procedures, our series demonstrates favorable outcomes and reproducibility with adequate robotic experience.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of Vitamin B6 Nutriture in Pregnancy in the Rat.

The response of several parameters of vit B6 nutriture (erythrocyte GPT and GOT, hepatic GPT and GOT, and xanthurenic acid excretion following a tryptophan load) to dosages of vit B6 ranging from 15 to 400 μg pyridoxine. HCl daily has been determined in pregnant and nonpregnant rats. All parameters except erythrocyte GPT appeared to be markedly affected by the state of pregnancy per se. Erythrocyte GPT was the most sensitive to the wide range of vit B6 doses employed. Erythrocyte GPT appears to be well suited for use as a parameter for the study of vit B6 requirements in pregnancy.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mentoring: a practice developed in community?

Behaviourist and cognitive theories of learning view learning as a process of individual internalisation. Social theorists view learning as a process that is socially constructed and developed in social contexts. Wenger suggests that professional practice is a social process that is constructed in communities. Mentoring in Initial Teacher Education (ITE) has been a feature of the ITE landscape since the advent of the internship schemes but might be viewed by many teachers acting as mentors to be a small part of their remit. Some mentors while part of school communities might be seen as discharging their mentoring responsibilities in a relatively isolated manner. This study seeks to develop an understanding of how mentors operating in different phases learn to mentor and to sustain their growth as mentors and to seek to identify how they construct their 'communities of mentoring'

Topic: Innovative Education and Learning Practices
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Erratum: “Testing Algorithms for Identifying Source Confusion in the HI-MaNGA Survey” (2022, RNAAS, 6, 1)

Abstract The first three authors regret an oversight which led to improper acknowledgment of the use of Apertif data in the initial publication and the omission of a co-author. In this Erratum we add the specific named co-author, as well as “the Apertif team,” and give a full acknowledgment for the use of Apertif data.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Post Lecturer to Focus on Science of Sport Concussions Sept. 22

Kevin Guskiewicz, director of the Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center at UNC-Chapel Hill, will deliver the fall 2011 Post Lecture. The lecture is free and open to the public.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimation of crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of rice in Shivamogga district of Karnatakausing FAO CROPWAT

Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on the water needs of rice crop worldwide in the upcoming decades. Proper water management is essential to enhance crop yield as well as&nbsp;maximising the region’s water use efficiency. The purpose of this study was to estimate the crop water requirement (CWR) and irrigation scheduling of rice in Shivamogga district of Karnataka using FAO CROPWAT model for a time span of 20 years (2001 to 2020). It was estimated that the crop water requirement of rice was 565.50 mm (average of 20 years) with the highest and lowest CWR (606.1 and 527.9 mm) in 2011 and 2001, respectively. Crop water requirement value showed a slight increasing trend (R2 = 0.0544) throughout the years from 2001 to 2020. Total gross irrigation (TGI) and total net irrigation (TNI) for rice was 491.61 and 344.12 mm, respectively during the study period. The present study is useful for effective planning and management of irrigation water needs&nbsp;of rice in Shivamogga district of Karnataka.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementation of STEP Application Protocol 224 in an automated manufacturing planning system

This paper reports the results of an on-going research project at Cranfield University in collaboration with a leading consultant company. A major objective of the research to develop a new generation process planning system using the latest tools and technologies, and to fully comply with the international standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP) Application Protocol 224 (AP224) for process planning using machining features. Although AP224 has been accepted as an international standard, there is a surprising lack of compatible software packages in the market. The developed prototype STEP-enabled manufacturing planning system (SMPS) can generate process plans and associated documents from AP224 files automatically, without any user interaction. The system consists of decision logic stored in an external database that makes it generic and compatible with any manufacturing application. A graphical tool is provided for knowledge/logic capture. The system can also accept a feature tree generated using the feature model editor (FME), which has been developed as an add-on to the system. The FME is intended to be a tool for conceptual design of simple components. The FME feature tree is used in the early design stage while the AP224 file generated from the detailed design model is used in the later stages. The prototype system is intended for single-piece machined (prismatic) parts and has been tested with case studies provided by the project collaborators.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Vacuolar H+ ATPase α3 Subunit Negatively Regulates Migration and Invasion of Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells

Increased metabolic acid production and upregulation of net acid extrusion render pH homeostasis profoundly dysregulated in many cancers. Plasma membrane activity of vacuolar H<sup>+</sup> ATPases (V-ATPases) has been implicated in acid extrusion and invasiveness of some cancers, yet often on the basis of unspecific inhibitors. Serving as a membrane anchor directing V-ATPase localization, the a subunit of the V0 domain of the V-ATPase (ATP6V0a1-4) is particularly interesting in this regard. Here, we map the regulation and roles of ATP6V0a3 in migration, invasion, and growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. a3 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in PDAC cell lines compared to non-cancer pancreatic epithelial cells. Under control conditions, a3 localization was mainly endo-/lysosomal, and its knockdown had no detectable effect on pH<sub>i</sub> regulation after acid loading. V-ATPase inhibition, but not a3 knockdown, increased HIF-1α expression and decreased proliferation and autophagic flux under both starved and non-starved conditions, and spheroid growth of PDAC cells was also unaffected by a3 knockdown. Strikingly, a3 knockdown increased migration and transwell invasion of Panc-1 and BxPC-3 PDAC cells, and increased gelatin degradation in BxPC-3 cells yet decreased it in Panc-1 cells. We conclude that in these PDAC cells, a3 is upregulated and negatively regulates migration and invasion, likely in part via effects on extracellular matrix degradation.

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Review on Brain Imaging Techniques for BCI Applications

Evolution has endowed human race with the most adroit brain, and to harness its potential to the fullest the concept of brain computer interface (BCI) has emerged. One of the most crucial components of BCI is the technique of brain imaging. The first approach in the field of brain imaging was to measure the electrical and magnetic activity of the brain, the techniques being known as Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography. Striving for furtherance, researchers came up with another alternative known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging. But it being confined to only structural imaging, the functional aspects of brain were mapped using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A similar but comparatively newer neuroimaging modality is Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation neuro-physiological technique is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Based on nuclear medicine the brain imaging technologies that are widely explored in the world of BCI are Positron Emission Tomography and Single Positron Emission Tomography.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Social Studies Curriculum Standards in Junior Secondary Schools; Input to Quality Instruction and Students’ Civic Competence

Appraisal on the adequacy of Social Studies Curriculum Standards in ten Themes was the main objective of the research study.This endeavor was intended to provide input to quality Social Studies instruction in the Kto12 Basic Education Program and to help contribute to an enhanced students' civic competence.The study utilized the quantitative descriptive research design with the questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data from one hundred teachers in Department of Education, Zone 1, Division of Zambales, the Philippines during the School Year, 2017-2018.Findings established high adequacy of Social Studies Curriculum Standards on Themes: Culture;

Topic: Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Large optical packet/burst switch with internal fiber interconnections

We present architecture of a large optical packet/burst switch comprising a number of smaller switching fabrics that are interconnected by internal fiber links. The switching fabrics are based on the broadcast-and-select architecture, while the internal interconnection network is a full mesh. An extensive study on physical and switch performance has been performed and results concerning scalability, packet/burst loss rate and throughput for four scheduling algorithms are shown.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design of the continuum robotic system for nasal minimally invasive surgery

The passage to the maxillary sinus region is naturally crooked and cramped. Therefore, the traditional endoscopic and surgical instruments based on the detection and treatment of target lesions have some limitations. This paper introduces a new continuum mechanism of the bending manipulator to perform NOTES. The proposed manipulator can be deflected into maxillary sinus area, and it is designed to be bent up to 270 degrees and its diameter is about 4mm. The objectives, components' design, and some experiments are arranged to show the sinus robot's potential.

Topic: Soft Robotics and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences