jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dickens’ Illustrators

In the past few years there has been a considerable amount of attention paid to the original illustrations of Dickens’ novels and stories — as Philip Collins says, ‘More work of high quality on Dickens and his illustrators has been produced in the past decade [to 1978] than in the century preceding’ — and a radical readjustment has taken place in our understanding of their function and their relationship to the text. F. G. Kitton’s pioneering study Dickens and his Illustrators (1899) has now been superseded by Jane R. Cohen’s Charles Dickens and his Original Illustrators (1980), a comprehensive study of all eighteen artists who at various times worked for, and with, Dickens. Other significant work includes John Harvey’s Victorian Novelists and their Illustrators (1970), Q. D. Leavis’s essay ‘The Dickens Illustrations: Their Function’ (in F. R. and Q. D. Leavis, Dickens the Novelist), and Michael Steig’s major study of Dickens’ most important collaborator, Dickens and Phiz (1978). Important shorter discussions are: J. Hillis Miller’s ‘The Fiction of Realism: Sketches by Boz, Oliver Twist, and Cruikshank’s Illustrations’, in Dickens Centennial Essays, ed. Ada Nisbet and Blake Nevius (1971); George Cruikshank: A Revaluation, a symposium edited by Robert L. Patten (Princeton University Library Chronicle, xxxv, 1973–4); and various essays by Patten (English Literary History, 1967 and 1969; Dickensian, 1970) and Joan Stevens (Studies in Bibliography, 1967). There is a useful annotated bibliography, Victorian Novel Illustration: A Selected Checklist 1900–1976 (1979) by John Olmsted and Jeffrey Welch.

Topic: Migration, Policy, and Dickens Studies
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Antioxidant Activity of Mistletoes (Viscum album and Other Species)

In addition to the European mistletoe, Viscum album, which is the most known and utilized one, there are several species commonly known as mistletoe. They are spread in various regions of the planet and are all characterized by hemiparasitism and epiphytic behaviour. The published studies evidence other similarities, including the sharing of important biological properties, with the common presence of antioxidant effects. However, whereas the European mistletoe is largely utilized in medical treatments, although with controversial aspects, the scientific knowledge and medical uses of other mistletoes are still insufficient. This review focuses on the controversial medical story of European mistletoe regarding its antioxidant activity and the potentiality of the other species named mistletoe pertaining to botanical families and genera different from Viscum.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Interaction of plasminogen activator of urokinase type with human serum].

Effects of blood serum on u-PA (EC 3.4.21.31) fibrinolytic activity were studied. After incubation for one hour at 37 degrees of the enzyme with human blood serum (55-145 IU/ml of blood serum) the enzymatic activity was completely inhibited. At the same time, amido-lytic activity of u-PA, estimated with low molecular substance S2444 as a substrate, was maintained in presence of blood serum. Blood serum inhibitors did not exhibit the specific affinity to u-PA. Serine proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasmin) competed with u-PA at equimolar concentrations. These inhibitors were inactivated after blood serum preincubation with primary amines methylamine, ethylamine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine (0.1-10 mM). The u-PA-inhibitor complexes were not dissociated in presence of 2.5 mM sodium dodecylsulfate. Trypsin-albumin copolymer bound specifically the blood serum u-PA inhibitors and the fraction adsorbed was electrophoretically characterized as a protein with molecular mass of 185 kDa.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Validation of pharmaceutical information systems: general provisions

Nternational practices comprise integrated common approaches to validation of information systems, used in pharmaceutical industry by various organizations and that affect the results of their work. The purpose ofvalidation is to assure that the results, obtained with the help of an information system are reliable. Validated system ensures accurate results and reduces the risk of errors. The article describes basic principles of the validation of pharmaceutical information systems. The principles are constituted on the basis of international requirements of OMCL system and international standards of ISO system. The article provides the classification information systems used in pharmaceutical organizations. It also describes basic concepts of validation of information systems, such as version management, validation testing, change management, requirement consideration. Basic requirements for application of risk management system to creation of concept devoted to pharmaceutical information system validation are also provided.

Topic: Statistical and Computational Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
P037 FAECALIBACTERIUM IS INCREASED IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE ON A LOW FIBER DIET

Patients with fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease (CD) are commonly advised to avoid fiber during symptomatic episodes. Fiber intake modulates the intestinal microbiota composition. The influence of low fiber diets in patients with Crohn’s disease on the intestinal microbiota composition is unknown. We conducted a cross sectional study using the National Institutes of Health Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Multi’Omics Database. We identified patients with CD and limited our analysis to their baseline visit. We categorized patients into either high or low fiber intake based on their food frequency questionnaire responses. These patients had linked fecal microbiome data that was generated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. QIIME and LEfSe were used to compare the low and high fiber intake groups to identify differentially abundant microbiota. Our study included 8 patients with Crohn’s disease with 4 in each fiber intake group. The mean age of patients in the high fiber group was 32 and the low fiber group was 14. A greater proportion of male patients were in the high fiber group (50%) compared to the low fiber group (25%). The microbiota richness, alpha and beta diversity were similar between the high and low fiber groups. The higher order taxonomic groups were similar, but LEfSe analysis revealed a fourfold increase in the genus Faecalibacterium among patients in the low fiber intake group. No other genera were found to be statistically different. Faecalibacterium was increased in patients on a low fiber diet. Faecalibacterium produces anti-inflammatory short chain fatty acids from dietary fiber and its decrease has been linked with an increased risk for flares. Further studies are needed to understand the interaction between diet, microbiota and inflammation in patients with CD.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
1. Up-to-date on Drug Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure

心筋症の薬物治療の考え方としては，原因や関連する病態が明らかである場合はその治療が基本となるが，心筋症として病態が完成した場合は，いわゆる“慢性心不全”に対する一般的な治療概念があてはまる．しかし一方で，肥大型心筋症のように，心室の拡張機能障害や左室流出路狭窄に対する特異的な薬物治療を要する場合も存在する．本稿では，我が国のガイドラインをもとに薬剤治療についての概説を行う．

Topic: Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Collaborative Pilot Platform for Data Annotation and Enrichment in Viticulture

It took some time indeed, but the research evolution and transformations that occurred in the smart agriculture field over the recent years tend to constitute the latter as the main topic of interest in the so-called Internet of Things (IoT) domain. Undoubtedly, our era is characterized by the mass production of huge amounts of data, information and content deriving from many different sources, mostly IoT devices and sensors, but also from environmentalists, agronomists, winemakers, or plain farmers and interested stakeholders themselves. Being an emerging field, only a small part of this rich content has been aggregated so far in digital platforms that serve as cross-domain hubs. The latter offer typically limited usability and accessibility of the actual content itself due to problems dealing with insufficient data and metadata availability, as well as their quality. Over our recent involvement within a precision viticulture environment and in an effort to make the notion of smart agriculture in the winery domain more accessible to and reusable from the general public, we introduce herein the model of an aggregation platform that provides enhanced services and enables human-computer collaboration for agricultural data annotations and enrichment. In principle, the proposed architecture goes beyond existing digital content aggregation platforms by advancing digital data through the combination of artificial intelligence automation and creative user engagement, thus facilitating its accessibility, visibility, and re-use. In particular, by using image and free text analysis methodologies for automatic metadata enrichment, in accordance to the human expertise for enrichment, it offers a cornerstone for future researchers focusing on improving the quality of digital agricultural information analysis and its presentation, thus establishing new ways for its efficient exploitation in a larger scale with benefits both for the agricultural and the consumer domains.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantifying the impact of hearing-aid microphone placement and head-mounted devices on binaural cues from head-related transfer functions

Emerging techniques for assessment and training of spatial hearing use virtual reality (VR) devices to present auditory-visual cues. Sounds may be processed using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), which capture directional acoustic cues, and visuals may be presented using a head-mounted display (HMD). For users of hearing devices such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, microphone placement may alter the binaural cues carried by the HRTF. Cues may also be distorted in presentations that combine HMD visuals with loudspeaker audio. This work seeks to understand these impacts by measuring and creating a database of HRTFs in the presence of hearing aids and HMDs. HRTFs were recorded within an anechoic chamber, using a standard manikin in a loudspeaker array located on the horizontal plane. Recordings were made with real sound sources of 5.625° resolution and virtual sources of 1° resolution. We will compare interaural time and level differences (ITDs and ILDs) from HRTFs measured through hearing-aid microphones with varied microphone placement (i.e., behind-the-ear and in-the-ear) and the presence versus absence of an HMD during the HRTF recording. Results will provide insights regarding HRTFs for individuals with hearing devices, as well as characterization of the HMD impact on VR-guided individual HRTF measurement.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’ Unmet Social Service Needs

ABSTRACT Women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization are at risk for physical and mental health problems, as well as social and economic challenges. In this cross-sectional study, 173 adult, English-speaking women who had experienced police response to IPV completed a self-report questionnaire about their use of, interest in, and need for various social services and whether or not each type of service helped (or would help) them to feel safer. More than three quarters of the participants reported a current need for health and economic support services. There was less interest in traditional IPV resources: law enforcement and domestic violence counseling or shelter. Expanding services to meet survivors' needs for health care and economic independence may facilitate long-term safety. Recommendations for further research in this area are provided.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
In vitro analysis of bovine growth hormone pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Involvement of exon sequences and trans-acting factor(s)

Bovine growth hormone (bGH) pre-mRNA is alternatively spliced, resulting in retention of the last intron (intron D) in a fraction of the cytosolic bGH mRNA. To study the mechanism of this alternative splicing event, we examined the splicing of bGH pre-mRNA in vitro. The splicing of bGH intron D in vitro required a 115-base pair segment of exon 5, reflecting the positive influence of exon sequences observed in transfected cells. No detectable spliceosome complex formation was observed using bGH pre-mRNA containing the 115-base pair deletion in exon 5. The in vitro splicing of the wild type bGH pre-mRNA was inhibited by the addition of RNA containing the 115-nucleotide exon sequence, but not by nonspecific RNAs. UV irradiation of the in vitro splicing reaction resulted in specific cross-linking of a 35-kDa protein(s) to the 115-nucleotide bGH exon sequence. These results suggest that terminal exon sequences are required at an early step of spliceosome complex formation and are consistent with a mechanism in which saturable, trans-acting factor(s) bind to these exon sequences to activate spliceosome complex formation and splicing of bGH intron D.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Table 1. Supplemental Table 2. Supplemental Table 3. from Inhibition of ABCB1 Overcomes Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties and Acquired Resistance to MET Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1. Gene copy numbers of MET, EGFR and KRAS in EBC-1R cells Supplemental Table 2. MiRNAs correlated with the sensitivity to PHA665752 Supplemental Table 3. ABCB1 protein expression in 50 lung squamous cell cancer patientsã€€&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pulmonary lesions associated with busulfan therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia

The pulmonary findings in 40 patients treated with busulfan were compared with those in 41 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who were treated with other agents or were untreated. Cellular atypia characteristic of busulfan effect was found in 4 patients but only one of these had pulmonary fibrosis and associated respiratory distress (the “busulfan lung syndrome”). Dysplasia of the bronchial epithelium was present in half of the busulfan-treated group but in only 15% of the control group. Other pulmonary changes were seen with equal frequency in both groups. In order to compare the relative susceptibility of the lung to busulfan, the pancreas from each case was examined for evidence of cellular atypia. Seventy-three per cent of the pancreases from busulfan-treated patients were distinguishable on the basis of acinar cell nuclear alterations.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Seth Scott - William Little Oral History Project - Oral History Audio

Oral History interview with Seth Scott, father of Tyree Scott and owner of Scott's Electric. Completed January 17, 1976. This interview is part of the William Little Oral History Project by the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries. Laborarchives.org This item contains two parts: oral history audio file and full text transcription (.pdf).

Topic: Oral History, Memory, Narrative Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
DataSheet_1_NDUFC1 Is Upregulated in Gastric Cancer and Regulates Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cycle and Migration.pdf

&lt;p&gt;Gastric cancer is one of the most common primary tumors of the digestive system. NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1 (NDUFC1), which is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), is responsible for the transportation of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain essential for the oxidative phosphorylation. However, little is known about the roles of NDUFC1 in carcinogenesis. In this study, NDUFC1 protein level in NSCLC tissues was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. NDUFC1 mRNA level in gastric cancer cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR. MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells were transfected with shNDUFC1 lentivirus designed to silence NDUFC1. MTT assay, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were conducted. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. In vivo experiments were performed using nude mice. The results indicated that overexpressed NDUFC1 in gastric cancer was related to more serious tumor infiltrates, a higher risk of lymphatic metastasis, a higher proportion of positive lymph nodes, and a more advanced tumor stage. Compared with shCtrl groups, MGC-803 and SGC-7901 of shNDUFC1 groups had lower abilities of proliferation and migration, higher levels of apoptosis. NDUFC1 knockdown also inhibited SGC-7901 cell growth in vivo and suppressed Ki67 expression in xenograft tumors. More importantly, we found that NDUFC1 downregulation made the levels of P-Akt, P-mTOR, CCND1, CDK6, PIK3CA, Bcl-2, Survivin, and XIAP decreased, and that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway agonist SC79 rescued the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration, reversed the promoted effects on cell apoptosis caused by NDUFC1 knockdown. More importantly, compared with NDUFC1 knockdown group, the expression of P-Akt, Bcl-2, Survivin, and XIAP was raised in shNDUFC1 + SC79 group. Thus, our suspicion was that NDUFC1 exacerbates NSCLC progression via PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, our study indicated that targeting NDUFC1 could open innovative perspectives for new multi-targeting approaches in the treatment of gastric cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Adaptation of a Scientific Decision Support System to the Productive Sector—A Case Study: MOPECO Irrigation Scheduling Model for Annual Crops

Despite the great number of models developed in research projects, only a small percentage have been successfully transferred to the productive sector. The PRIMA programme supported by Horizon 2020, the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, aims to reverse this situation. The SUPROMED project funded by PRIMA sought to develop an online platform composed of several models adapted to the requirements of end users for increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of Mediterranean agricultural systems. MOPECO, in its research version, was designed to maximize the profitability of irrigated farms in water-scarce regions. A simplified version of this model (MOPECO irrigation scheduling) was included in the SUPROMED platform for improving irrigation efficiency, providing farmers with a useful irrigation scheduling software. This paper shows the approach to adapt and transfer MOPECO to the productive sector. The tool was validated in three different demosite areas across the Mediterranean, involving local stakeholders in the design, validation, and dissemination of the software. The simplified tool reached similar or higher yields than farmers using less water. Thus, the average water saved was around 16%, while the average yield increased around 10% in the plots located in the three demosites of the project (Eastern Mancha in Spain, Bekaa valley in Lebanon, and Sidi Bouzid in Tunisia). This fact decreased the water footprint and increased the profitability of farms. The high applicability of the tool has generated interest among many technicians, farmers, and advisory enterprises. Furthermore, regional and national governmental extension services have shown interest in spreading the use of the tool across their territories, validating the methodology used for adapting and transferring a scientific model to the productive sector.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Vertically transmitted bacteremias: to treat or not to treat?].

The most common microorganism in vertically transmitted bacteremia and suspected early onset neonatal sepsis was group B streptococcus. None of the untreated infants developed late sepsis or meningitis. Our findings suggest that non-treatment of asymptomatic infants with vertically transmitted bacteremias is appropriate as long and close clinical surveillance is maintained.

Topic: Neonatal and Maternal Infections
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on the Change of Perception in the Step-by-Step Method of the Adult Harmonica

본 연구는 평생교육에 대한 성인들의 관심이 증가함에 따라 다양한 연주활동과 교육 현장에서 성인 복음 하모니카를 보다 효과적으로 연주할 수 있도록 하모니카의 이해와 단계별 주법을 통해 악곡에 따른 인식의 변화를 살펴보고자 한다. 연구방법은 선행연구를 통한 문헌연구를 중심으로 이루어졌고 보다 심층적인 연구결과를 도출하기 위하여 심층면담의 질적 연구를 동시에 구성하였다. 연구의 참여자는 경남 J시 K대학교 평생교육원 하모니카반 수강생 4명을 대상으로 2019년 6월~9월까지 총 120시간 동안 실행 하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서는 악기 이해와 성인학습자의 단계별 성취목표를 제안하여 효과적인 연주능력 향상을 이끄는 주법에 대해 10가지로 도출하고 선행주법 교육을 통한 학생들의 인식 변화를 알 수 있었다. 이상의 내용을 바탕으로 체계적이고 다면적인 성인 복음 하모니카 연주의 활성과 교육의 발전을 고무시키는 영향을 기대한다.

Topic: Education, Safety, and Science Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Automated Peak Fitting Routine for XPS data from wood

The script allows to systematically fit high resolution XPS C1s spectra obtained from wood and other lignocellulosic materials. The code is particularly useful when fitting a large number of data files. \n\nHere, python curve fitting functions from the lmfit library are used to deconvolute the spectra into four peaks using a Python routine. First, the Shirley background of each curve is calculated and subtracted from the data, which are then fitted. Each peak is fitted with either a Pseudo-Voigt or a Lorentzian, and the area under each peaks is calculated using numpy's trapezoid function. The integrated areas are then normalized using the transmission function (in this case for an Aluminum K-alpha instrument) and then the relative contribution of each peak is calculated.\n\n

Topic: Graph Theory and Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences