jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic Determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii Serum-Associated Adaptive Efflux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen of serious healthcare concern that is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic treatment failure. Recent studies have revealed that clinically defined antibiotic-susceptible strains upregulate the expression of a repertoire of putative drug efflux pumps during their growth under biologically relevant conditions, e.g., in human serum, resulting in efflux-associated resistance to physiologically achievable antibiotic levels within a patient. This phenomenon, termed Adaptive Efflux Mediated Resistance (AEMR), has been hypothesized to account for one mechanism by which antibiotic-susceptible A. baumannii fails to respond to antibiotic treatment. In the current study, we sought to identify genetic determinants that contribute to A. baumannii serum-associated AEMR by screening a transposon mutant library for members that display a loss of the AEMR phenotype. Results revealed that mutation of a putative pirin-like protein, YhaK, results in a loss of AEMR, a phenotype that could be complemented by a wild-type copy of the yhaK gene and was verified in a second strain background. Ethidium bromide efflux assays confirmed that the loss of AEMR phenotype due to pirin-like protein mutation correlated with reduced overarching efflux capacity. Further, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy measures of a fluorophore 7-(dimethylamino)-coumarin-4-acetic acid (DMACA)-tagged levofloxacin isomer, ofloxacin, further verified that YhaK mutation reduces AEMR-mediated antibiotic efflux. RNA-sequencing studies revealed that YhaK may be required for the expression of multiple efflux-associated systems, including MATE and ABC families of efflux pumps. Collectively, the data indicate that the A. baumannii YhaK pirin-like protein plays a role in modulating the organism’s adaptive efflux-mediated resistance phenotype.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Object Selving of Laura Aguilar: Queer Chicana Opacity and the Archive Prosthetic

The work of Laura Aguilar, a photographer and lifelong Angeleno, often foregrounds her intersecting queer, Chicana, fat, and dyslexic identities. This reading addresses Aguilar's claim to power in object-hood, actualizing a selfhood beyond the limits of subjectivity or negation by staging opacity in her photographs. Aguilar engages in what Uri McMillan calls "prosthetic performance": co-significations by an animate body and an inanimate but catalytic thing, or actuant. Layering objects upon objects, Aguilar's prosthetic performances refract normative, dominant gazes that would overdetermine the bounds of her selfhood according to the markings her body bears. She plainly addresses the trauma of misrecognition as a queer Chicana, but her performances are neither defined by her pain nor reducible to gestures of refusal. The opacity of Aguilar's flesh subverts photographic truth effects, making the archive another actuant in her performance of self-becoming and potentiality. This paper sutures critical discourses surrounding Aguilar, braiding foundational analyses of her oeuvre at their intersections with Black and Chicana feminisms, performance studies, and new materialist theorizations of the object.

Topic: Latin American and Latino Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Self-Validating Inferential Sensors with Application to Air Emission Monitoring

Inferential sensors, or soft sensors, refer to a modeling approach to estimating hard-to-measure process variables from other easy-to-measure, on-line sensors. Since many sensors are used as input variables to estimate the output, the probability that one of the sensors fails increases significantly. In this paper, we propose a self-validating inferential sensor approach based on principal component analysis (PCA). The input sensors are validated using a fault identification and reconstruction approach proposed in Dunia et al. AIChE J. 1996, 42, 2797−2812. A principal component model is built for the input sensors for sensor validation, and the validated principal components are used to predict output variables using linear regression or neural networks. If a sensor fails, the sensor is identified and reconstructed with the best estimate from its correlation to other sensors. The principal components are also reconstructed accordingly for prediction. The number of principal components used in sensor validation and prediction are chosen differently based on different criteria. The typical input correlation or collinearity is utilized for sensor validation and removed in predicting the output to avoid ill-conditioning. The self-validating soft sensor approach is applied to air emission monitoring, where continuous monitoring of the air pollutants is required for environmental regulations.

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Private Enforcement of Government Interests Under the False Claims Act

Fraud against the federal government can be extremely costly, as the Department of Health and Human Services estimated it made $70 billion in improper payments in 2010 under Medicare and Medicaid. Combating fraud is a similarly costly affair, and the federal government has revitalized a Civil War statute to help in the fight. Under the False Claims Act, the government pays private enforcers a bounty to file cases against defendants committing fraud. These private enforcers, typically whistleblowers, have helped the government recover over $18 billion as of 2010.Private enforcement has a long history under the common law tradition, but its role in a the modern, public enforcement state is less certain. The False Claims Act's private enforcement system, known as its qui tam provisions, specifies government review of private actions in an attempt to curtail past abuses.In the first part of this dissertation, I evaluate the role of private enforcers and their attorneys in this qui tam system. The government review process allows a standardized reference point for comparing private performance. I argue that it also provides private actors the opportunity to slack by pursuing a &amp;ldquo;filing mill&amp;rdquo; strategy. From the data available, however, I do not find law firms aggressively submitting cases under such a high volume, low effort strategy. Rather, law firms and the government appear to be cooperating as intended under the statutory design.In the second piece of this dissertation, I address the question of the optimal bounty percentage for a finder's fee in the False Claims Act. The statute current specifies a minimum 15% bounty for information leading to a successful prosecution of fraud. I consider the responsiveness of private enforcers to variation in the bounty percentage. Using variation from a 2004 change in the tax code, I find evidence that private enforcers are more willing to bring new cases valued under $440,000 given an approximate 23% increase in bounty.For the final piece of this dissertation, I consider the bounty percentage for private litigation in the qui tam process. Unlike the finder's fee bounty, I suggest that a 100% litigation bounty may be useful for both compensatory and deterrence purposes. Although a government agency concerned about compensation for fraud losses might initially be concerned about granting a 100% litigation bounty, I argue that the threat of such a litigation bounty may result in additional compensation. The Department of Justice should have the discretionary power to grant high litigation bounties.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Silymarin-Enriched Extract from Milk Thistle Activates Thermogenesis in a Preclinical Model of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity to Relieve Systemic Meta-Inflammation

Background: Obesity and aging are associated with the progressive loss of brown adipose tissue (BAT), an increase in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), and a reduction in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). The progressive expansion of visceral obesity promotes a low grade of systemic chronic inflammation (meta-inflammation), contributing to the onset of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, and even cancer. Thus, preserving the thermogenic activity of adipose tissue and improving the metabolic flexibility of sWAT could be an effective strategy to prevent the development of metabolic chronic diseases and promote healthy aging. Precision nutrition has emerged as a complementary approach to control the metabolic alterations associated with unhealthy obesity and aging. In a previous work, we described that a silymarin-enriched extract from milk thistle (Mthistle) increased markers of browning and thermogenesis in vitro in human differentiated adipocytes (SGBS). Objectives/Methods: Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of Mthistle to activate thermogenesis in a preclinical model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO). Results: Our results demonstrate that Mthistle increases systemic energy expenditure (EE), preserves body temperature after cold exposure, improves insulin resistance, and reduces inflammatory markers in WAT. Conclusions: Based on these results, silymarin-enriched extract from Mthistle may be proposed as a nutraceutical for the management of metabolic chronic diseases and/or accelerated aging.

Topic: Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
New cellulose-polyacrylamide hydrogels containing nano-ceria as new promising nanocomposite materials for biomedical applications

<title>Abstract</title> A group of new hydrogel materials combining high physical properties and pronounced antibacterial activity has been developed. These are composite hydrogels "cellulose-polyacrylamide" based on cellulose matrices of two types: bacterial or regenerated plant cellulose. To form biologically active materials, a method of introducing ceria nanoparticles with sizes less than 5 nm was elaborated. The developed technology allows to obtain hydrogels with the content of ceria (in swollen material) up to 0.4–0.5 wt.%. Variations of the ratio of gel components concentrations, type of matrix cellulose and synthesis conditions allow to change the complex of mechanical properties of the material within a wide range, in particular, to obtain both soft, low-modular nanocomposites and hydrogels with record high rigidity. Significant differences in mechanical properties of hydrogels based on different types of cellulose fully correlate with the difference in morphological characteristics of these two groups of materials revealed by SEM. No palpable effect of nanoparticles on the morphological characteristics of the material was revealed. Both ceria nanoparticles and hydrogels containing ceria showed antibacterial activity against <italic>S.aureus</italic> ATCC 29213, <italic>S.aureus</italic> ATCC 43300, <italic>P.aeruginosa</italic> ATCC 27853, <italic>K.pneumoniae</italic> ATCC 33495. Different intensity of growth depression of the bacterial cells was determined depending on the samples composition and of the bacteria species.

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Wireless communication system with frequency selective channel OFDM modulation technique

&lt;p&gt;This paper introduces the design and implementation of a wireless communication system with MATLAB based on orthognal frequency division multiplexing technique (OFDM). The constructed system is consisting of transmitter, fading channel and receiver. At the transmitter, the transmitted signal first modulated with PSK modulation, and then multiplexed with OFDM technique to achieve a higher bit rates transmission. The signal was then transmitted through a frequency selective channel with 6 taps. In the receiver parity. The received faded signal processed to be de-multiplexed and de-modulated. Then, a frequency domain equalizer was adopted to remove the fading noise and the inter-symbol interference from the received signal that introduced due to the fading channel. In order to inspect the performance of the frequency equilizer, bit error rate for the overall system was calculated at the receiving point and to recover the original information signal. The simulation results of the designed system as well as the frequency equilizer showed a robustness against the frequency selective faded channel effects. The maximum obtained bit error rate was around 10-5, which means that original signal was effectively recovered.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy 1 (FJHN1).

Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy 1 (FJHN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by decreased urinary excretion of urate and hyperuricemia, followed by the development of chronic interstitial nephritis most often leading to progressive renal failure and death in middle age. We report a case of FJHN1 presenting as chronic tophaceous gout, hypertension, renal failure and a family history suggestive of autosomal dominant inheritance, for its rarity.

Topic: Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Russian assessment of bakery properties of wheat and determination of grain quality using mixolab

The results of quality research on the Russian soft wheat (67 samples), grown in different soil and climatic conditions and having a wide range of quality factors: the amount of gluten varied from 5.7 (Southern federal district) to 33.2% (Volga federal district), gluten quality - from 9 (Central Federal District) to 128 units. IDK (Southern Federal District), the falling-number value - from 66 to 449 s. (Volga Federal District). The rheological properties of dough were studied using the mixolab device in a classic «Chopin Wheat+» mode. According to the profiler indicators (radial chart), it was established that the test grain was characterized the average by increased water absorption capacity, maximum starch viscosity and retrogradation, as well as by reduced amylolytic activity and dough resistance. Correlation analysis established a close association of the quality factors of grain, especially of the gluten amount, with the quality factors of bread. The calculation of the pair correlation of the profiler indicators and wheat grain quality factors detected a moderate interrelation of water absorption with the gluten amount (0.466) and falling-number value (0.384), of the dough resistance with the gluten quality (-0.438), as well as a strong interrelation of the starch viscosity, amylolytic activity and retrogradation with the falling-number value (0.659; 0.821 and 0.866, respectively). There was not detected a stable interrelation of the «gluten +» index with any of the grain quality factors, but there was a loose correlation of this index with the falling-number value. Regression analysis established the strongest curvilinear relationship between the torque and the falling-number value in the areas of the starch gelatinization, jellification and retrogradation.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Attitudes Toward Active Voluntary Euthanasia Among Community-Dwelling Older Subjects

The major extension of late-life expectancy has increased the significance of end-of-life issues, particularly among elderly people, considering both the role of medical practices in shaping and defining dying trajectories and the differences in national laws and in public attitudes about preservation of self-dignity and removal of pain in death. Avoiding a prolonged, painful, and undignified death provides for many a rationale for euthanasia. On the contrary, the fear of increased pressure to end one’s life prematurely and of potential abuses became often the main argument of opposition among vulnerable groups, like older people, especially when suffering from disability, chronic diseases, and lacking of autonomy. Through a representative cross-sectional survey, we studied 1,782 community-dwelling over-65s residents in Genoa (Italy), examining with bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis their attitudes toward active voluntary euthanasia (AVE), and exploring associations with sociodemographic characteristics, health and socioeconomic conditions, ideological orientations, and cultural practices. About 39.9% of our sample fully disagreed with AVE, 26.7% expressed tolerance, and 35.2% agreed completely. Results showed significant associations of different attitudes toward AVE with cultural values and moral practices, as well as with health and disability conditions, evidencing increasing full rejection toward AVE among over-75s profiles (46.3%). Our results suggest major intergenerational differences among older people, showing significant cultural change in attitudes toward end-of-life issues. If and to the extent that older age plays a role, it is rather still strongly associated with rejection than with acceptance of AVE.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Soybean Response to Various Levels of Podworm Damage1

Infestations of varying numbers of Heliothis zea (Boddie) were established in 1968 and 1969 on caged soybeans to determine the number of pod worms per row-foot necessary to produce economic damage. All artificially introduced podworm infestation levels resulted in reduced yields in 1969. Based on the cost of insecticidal control applications, an introduced population level of three podworms per row-foot would justify control measures. Population levels of 1 larva per foot of row, if introduced twice, would justify control measures. Pod-damage counts were made before harvest, and each larva had partially consumed at least 6 pods.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dimensions of holistic wellness as a result of international wellness tourism experiences

Interest in wellness tourism has seen rapid growth in recent years from both researchers and industry representatives. However, it has been noted that research related to understanding the components of a wellness tourism experience is lacking. This research examined International wellness tourism experiences as described by user-generated content published on TripAdvisor.com. Using netnography analysis in conjunction with framework analysis, thematic qualitative coding of travel reviews provided an in-depth meaningful understanding of the wellness tourism experience. In line with Dunn’s [(1959). High-level wellness for man and society. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 49(6), 786–792] definition of holistic wellness the results identified four dimensions of the wellness tourism experience, namely body, mind, spirit and environment. Though consumer reviews varied, there was consensus within the data that all four dimensions served as a mechanism towards wellness, in some instances, proving to be barriers. Recommendations for the planning and management of wellness tourism are discussed for each of the dimensions.

Topic: Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Use of a new preparation of flunarizine in patients with peripheral obliterating arteriopathy at the second stage. Controlled clinical study].

The authors report a randomised double-blind clinical study on the efficacy and tolerability of flunarizine. Two groups of patients with obliterating peripheral arterial disease (stage II) were treated for 3 months either with 10 mg flunarizine or with placebo and were examined monthly as to subjective symptoms, laboratory and instrumental parameters. Findings were evaluated by analysis of variance and Student's t-test. After three months, the flunarizine group had a greater increase of the distance walked before the onset of claudication and of maximum post-ischemic blood flow. No changes were observed in laboratory tests and central hemodynamics. The score of subjective symptoms was improved in the flunarizine treated group. Tolerance was good, side effects requiring withdrawal of treatment were not observed.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Functional Flow Simulation Based Analysis of Protein Interaction Network

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play fundamental roles in nearly all biological processes and differ based on the composition, affinity and lifetime of the association. A vast amount of PPI data for various organisms is available from MIPS, DIP and other sources. The identification of functional modules in PPI network is of great interest because they often reveal unknown functional ties between proteins and hence predict functions for unknown proteins. In this paper, we propose using functional flow simulation and the topology of the network for the functional module detection and function prediction problem. Our approach is based on the functional influence model that quantifies the influence of a biological component on another. We introduce a flow simulation algorithm to generate a functional profile for each component. In addition, a new clustering method FMD (Functional Module Detection) is designed to associate with functional profiles to detect functional modules. We evaluate the proposed technique on three different yeast networks with MIPS functional categories and compare it with several other existing techniques in terms of precision and recall. Our experiments show that our approach achieves better accuracy than other existing methods.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences