jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of fosaprepitant and aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients

Abstract Children aged 2-12 years scheduled to receive moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy were randomly assigned to arm-A (fosaprepitant) or arm-B (aprepitant). Children recruited to arm-A received intravenous ondansetron plus dexamethasone followed by fosaprepitant infusion. Children recruited to arm-B received the same drugs as those given to children in arm-A, except that fosaprepitant was substituted with aprepitant. The primary end point of the study was to determine the proportion of patients who achieved a CR, defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of rescue medication, the proportion of patients who achieved a CR during the acute phase (0-24 hours) after administration of the last dose of chemotherapy. Secondary end points were the proportion of patients who achieved a CR during the 24-120 hours (delayed phase) and overall after administration of the last dose of chemotherapy. Results: One hundred and eight patients were analyzed (55 in the fosaprepitant arm and 53 in the aprepitant arm). CR rates were higher in the fosaprepitant arm compared with the aprepitant arm during the acute phase (95 % vs 79 %, P =0.01&lt; 0.05), delayed phase (71 % vs 66 %, P =0.89 ), and overall phase (69 % vs 57 %, P =0.18). Furthermore, the demand of rescue anti-emetics observed in fosaprepitant arm (7 %) has no difference with aprepitant arm (11 %). Conclusion: Addition of fosaprepitant to ondansetron and dexamethasone is more effective than aprepitant for the prevention of acute vomiting.

Topic: Nausea and vomiting management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Li-Fraumeni syndrome in the setting of re-occurring malignancies after 27 years of remission: a case report

Introduction and importance: Multiple primary tumors are defined as multiple simultaneous (within 6 months) or heterogeneous tumors. Case presentation: Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old Saudi female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who has multiple primary tumors. Clinical discussion: The surgical cytoreduction or ‘debulking’ technique is the main treatment option started in individuals with High Grade Serous Ovarian CanceR. This surgical strategy aims to completely remove all disseminated tumor masses that are present in the patient’s peritoneal cavity on a macroscopic level. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our case, she has developed her ovarian cancer 27 years after her breast cancer got treated. This was already stage IIIB to stage IV. If it was not for her incidental discovery of her urinary bladder cancer, which is most likely is a long-term sequel of using cyclophosphamide 27 years ago. Multiple primary tumors are defined as multiple simultaneous (within 6 months) or heterogeneous tumors. Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old Saudi female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who has multiple primary tumors. In conclusion, in our case, she has developed her ovarian cancer 27 years after her breast cancer got treated. This was already stage IIIB to stage IV. If it was not for her incidental discovery of her urinary bladder cancer, which is most likely is a long-term sequel of using cyclophosphamide 27 years ago.

Topic: Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A voxel selection method for the multivariate analysis of imaging genetics data

We suggest a multivariate genotype-phenotype association test for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The method uses a voxel selection and ranking scheme based on iterative adaptive Lasso for defining a functional region of interest. A classifier-based test is used to assess the significance of potential associations between the differential activity pattern within that region and a set of candidate genetic variants. We applied the method to a small sample dataset from an ongoing imaging genetics study and identified a significant genetic association to a stimulus-locked imaging phenotype.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive and magnetic nanomicelles

One type of the temperature-responsive and magnetic nanomicelles was synthesized based on SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) and the biocompatible polymer-Pluronic F127 or its copolymer with poly(DL-lactic acid) (F127–PLA) via a facile chemical conjugation method. The magnetic nanomicelles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The varying volume shrinkage of the magnetic nanomicelles was detected when increasing the temperature from 15 to 45 °C. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) was selected as a model anticancer drug to investigate the drug loading and release behavior in the buffer solutions with different pH values and in an alternating magnetic field (MF). The Alamar blue assay was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the micelles and the antiproliferative effect of the drug-loaded micelles. The results displayed that the magnetic micelles were safe carriers and the DOX·HCl-loaded micelles were equally effective as the free drug for suppressing the growth of tumor cells. The blood compatibility studies showed few effects on coagulation and hemolysis. Therefore, the magnetic micelles possess many great potential applications in the field of nanomedicine.

Topic: Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Chemistry Multiple-Choice Test Items on the Periodic Table and Periodic Properties of Elements at Srijaya Negara Senior High School

This study aims to evaluate the quality of multiple-choice test items related to the Periodic Table of Elements and Periodic Properties of Elements material at SMA Srijaya Negara. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using documentation, observation, and interview techniques. The sample consisted of test items that had been administered to students. The results indicate that several questions did not meet the expected quality criteria. Revisions and improvements in teachers’ competence in developing assessment instruments are necessary. Improving test items and enhancing teacher professionalism are essential steps to improve the quality of evaluation.

Topic: STEM Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Survey of Robotics and Emotion: Classifications and Models of Emotional Interaction

As emotion plays a growing role in robotic research it is crucial to develop methods to analyze and compare among the wide range of approaches. To this end we present a survey of 1427 IEEE and ACM publications that include robotics and emotion. This includes broad categorizations of trends in emotion input analysis, robot emotional expression, studies of emotional interaction and models for internal processing. We then focus on 232 papers that present internal processing of emotion, such as using a human's emotion for better interaction or turning environmental stimuli into an emotional drive for robotic path planning. We conducted constant comparison analysis of the 232 papers and arrived at three broad categorization metrics - emotional intelligence, emotional model and implementation - each including two or three subcategories. The subcategories address the algorithm used, emotional mapping, history, the emotional model, emotional categories, the role of emotion, the purpose of emotion and the platform. Our results show a diverse field of study, largely divided by the role of emotion in the system, either for improved interaction, or improved robotic performance. We also present multiple future opportunities for research and describe intrinsic challenges common in all publications.

Topic: Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AT STUDY COURSE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS

One of the capabilities that must be owned by a math teacher is a mathematical communication skill. Mathematical communication is the mathematical ability of students to convey ideas, perceptions, and the mathematical solution to others. Mathematical communication in this research refers to the ability to express mathematical ideas through oral, written, and visually demonstrate and describe it; the ability to understand, interpret, and evaluate mathematical ideas, either or ally, in writing, or in other visual forms; and the ability to use terms, notations of mathematics and its structures to present ideas and describe relationships with models situation. This research describes the ability of mathematical communications of Mathematics Education students of Muhammadiyah University of Jember in the material Pythagorean Theorem. Results from this research showed that when expressing mathematical ideas through speech, writing, demonstrating, and describe it visually, S1 express it clearly and completely but often has errors. Whereas when they understand, interpret, and evaluate mathematical ideas, either orally, in writing, or in any other visual form, S1 is doing it right, clear, and complete. When using the term, notation, mathematical structures to present ideas and describe relationships with models other situations, S1 used in full. But not in terms of truth and clarity. On the other hand, when expressing mathematical ideas through word of mouth do the obvious but it is not tr ue and clear. Whereas when they understand, interpret, and evaluate mathematical ideas, either orally, in writing, or in any other visual form, S2 has been doing it right, clear, and complete. Furthermore, when they use the term, notation, mathematic structures to present ideas and describe relationships with another situation models, S2 does not do it correctly, clearly and completely. Keywords : ability of mathematical communication, students in mathematics education

Topic: Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Witness trees in the Moser-Tardos algorithmic Lov\\'asz Local Lemma and\n Penrose trees in the hard core lattice gas

We point out a close connection between the Moser-Tardos algorithmic version\nof the Lov\\'asz Local Lemma, a central tool in probabilistic combinatorics, and\nthe cluster expansion of the hard core lattice gas in statistical mechanics. We\nshow that the notion of witness trees given by Moser and Tardos is essentially\ncoincident with that of Penrose trees in the Cluster expansion scheme of the\nhard core gas. Such an identification implies that the Moser Tardos algorithm\nis successful in a polynomial time if the Cluster expansion converges.\n

Topic: Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Partial correlations between production traits and grain protein in wheat

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to check whether there are linear relations between production traits and grain protein in early-, medium- and late-cycle wheat. Data from 204 competition trials of wheat genotypes conducted in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná were used, 78 trials with early-cycle, 34 with medium -cycle and 92 with late-cycle genotypes. The trials were conducted in a randomized block design, with 149 early-cycle, 95 medium-cycle and 193 late-cycle genotypes being evaluated from 2015 to 2019. Three production traits (grain yield, in kg ha-1, thousand-grain weight, in g, and hectoliter weight, in kg hL-1) and grain protein, in %, were evaluated. Scatter plots were created and the partial correlation coefficients between these four traits were calculated, based on 4330, 2497 and 4714 observations, referring to the early, medium and late cycles, respectively. There are linear relations between production traits and grain protein in early-, medium- and late-cycle wheat. Early- and late-cycle wheat genotypes show a negative correlation between grain yield and grain protein. Medium-cycle wheat genotypes show no correlation between grain yield and grain protein. Selection of wheat genotypes with higher grain yield and hectoliter weight can be carried out indirectly by means of thousand-grain weight.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ANALGESIC EFFECT IN LABOUR OF PETHIDINE AND 50 PER CENT NITROUS OXIDE IN OXYGEN (ENTONOX)

Summary The effectiveness in clinical practice of conventional analgesia, with pethidine and 50 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen (Entonox) has been studied in 663 consecutive patients. More than 75 per cent of mothers stated that they had obtained little or no pain relief from pethidine in the manner in which it was administered. In comparison, nearly half the patients who received Entonox had satisfactory analgesia and the incidence of acceptable pain relief with both agents was unrelated to parity. The number of patients receiving satisfactory analgesia was disturbingly low.

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 346: Subcutaneous Resistance Artery Remodeling And Function In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) complications. However, interventional trials targeting classical CV risks factors have been often unsuccessful in advanced stage CKD, which emphasizes the need to better understand CKD-associated vascular disorders. Resistance arteries are a key determinant of blood pressure (BP) and their changes in different CV conditions contribute to target organ damage. The aim of the present study was to characterize resistance artery remodeling and function in CKD patients, compared to vessels from hypertensive (HTN) subjects. Method: Twenty-two stage 4 CKD patients (aged 63.6±3.1 years) and 16 HTN subjects (45.6±16.1 years) were included in the present study. They all underwent a subcutaneous biopsy under local anaesthesia. Small artery remodeling and function were studied on a pressurized myograph, and subcutaneous fat CD3 infiltration and media fibronectin expression by immunostaining. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were counted after hematoxilin-eosin staining. Results: CKD systolic BP was similar to HTN (133±18 vs. 143±10 mmHg, respectively). Vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine were lower in CKD compared to HTN (maximal relaxation (%), 74.3±3.4 vs. 87.5±2.7, P&lt;0.05). Media/lumen at 60 mmHg was lower in CKD than in HTN (6.7±0.5 vs 8.8±0.7, P&lt;0.05). Resistance artery stiffness was lower in CKD compared to HTN (strain at 120 mmHg, 0.845±0.126 vs 0.585±0.099, P&lt;0.05). Fibronectin staining in resistance arteries was lower in CKD than HTN (8.2±0.8 vs 23.3±1.7 RFU/μm2, P&lt;0.001). Less VSMCs were present in the arterial wall of CKD compared to HTN (5.4±0.4 vs 7.2±0.5 cells/μm2, P&lt;0.05). Subcutaneous fat presented fewer CD3+ cells in CKD than HTN (12.8±4.1 vs 23.7±12.8 cells/mm2, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Despite higher levels of BP, resistance arteries isolated from CKD patients exhibited no vascular remodeling and lower arterial stiffness compared with HTN patients. These results are in line with the maladaptive hypotrophic remodeling observed in large vessels in CKD, suggesting a generalized vascular defect in mechanotransduction in CKD.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparing Pili Producing Gene (mtp-flp) in Susceptible and Resistant Dormant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains with Active Clinical Isolates

Background: Pili producing genes in different life cycles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) were assessed. M. tuberculosis has two life cycles: dormant and active states. We aimed to assess the pili producing genes such as curli pili of M. tuberculosis (mtp) encoded by the mtp gene (Rv3312A) and fimbrial low-molecular-weight protein encoded by flp gene (Rv3656c) which were compared and analyzed. Methods: Two hundred M. tuberculosis isolates were investigated both at active and dormant states for production and expression of pili. The dormant M. tuberculosis was achieved by incubation in a sealed tube (modified Wayne method). The susceptibility of M. tuberculosis was evaluated on genes, rpob, inh, katg, and gyra by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single-strand conformational polymorphism methods. The PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to express pili genes mtp and flp and then the PCR products was digested using restriction enzyme Fnu4HI, XmaI, and MspJI and AciI, TagII, and HaeII, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy was also used to detect pili in different isolates. The result was compared and analyzed using H37RV as a gold standard. Results: The mtp and flp PCR products were 263 and 122 bp in the studied strains irrespective of M. tuberculosis different life cycles, respectively. The PCR products were analyzed on 8% Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and in the 180/200 (20%), producing five fragments of 25,40,45,63,90 bp with the Fun4HI and two fragments of 126,138 bp with the XmaI and uncut with the MspJI for mtp gen were obtained at the dormant and active states of M. tuberculosis ( P &lt; 0.05). Similarly in flp gene producing three fragments of 22,35,65 bp with AciI and two fragments of 35.87 bp with TagII and two fragments of 38.84 bp with HaeII were obtained (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast to genotyping analysis, the electron microscopy examination showed protruding of pili from M. tuberculosis , especially in dormant mycobacterium (15/100; 15%), that was multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance isolates ( P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Pili were shown by electron microscopy, although at the gene expression, the insignificant difference was observed at the dormant strains in comparison to active states. Therefore, we may conclude that other genes might be involved in pili production of M. tuberculosis that needs further investigation. Although, the resistance phenomena might influence the pili producing gene expression that showed in our results.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of Two Scalable Syntheses of 4-Amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine: Key Intermediate for Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>

Two scalable processes for the synthesis of 4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (2) are described. In the first approach, the less expensive 2-cyanoacetamide was reacted with Vilsmeier reagent to afford enamine 18, followed by the condensation with acetamidine to produce the 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (6); subsequent hydrogenation gave 2 in 65% overall yield. In the second approach, malononitrile was treated with the ionic salt 21, prepared in situ from DMF and dimethyl sulfate, to give 18, which, without isolation was reacted with acetamidine hydrochloride to afford the common intermediate 6. Overall yield of this approach was 70%. Both methods are performed in a convenient manner suitable for industrial use.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Valid Optimal Assignment Kernels and Applications to Graph Classification

The success of kernel methods has initiated the design of novel positive semidefinite functions, in particular for structured data. A leading design paradigm for this is the convolution kernel, which decomposes structured objects into their parts and sums over all pairs of parts. Assignment kernels, in contrast, are obtained from an optimal bijection between parts, which can provide a more valid notion of similarity. In general however, optimal assignments yield indefinite functions, which complicates their use in kernel methods. We characterize a class of base kernels used to compare parts that guarantees positive semidefinite optimal assignment kernels. These base kernels give rise to hierarchies from which the optimal assignment kernels are computed in linear time by histogram intersection. We apply these results by developing the Weisfeiler-Lehman optimal assignment kernel for graphs. It provides high classification accuracy on widely-used benchmark data sets improving over the original Weisfeiler-Lehman kernel.

Topic: Machine Learning and Data Classification
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Delusional Depression and Electroconvulsive Therapy: One Year Later.

This study reports the outcome of a 1-year follow-up study of 37 patients with a delusional depression treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Thirty-two (86%) of the patients initially responded to ECT. However, 16 (50%) of the 32 responders relapsed within 1 year. The authors suggest that further research is indicated to decrease this relapse rate.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Decontamination of <i>Salmonella, Shigella,</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 from Leafy Green Vegetables Using Edible Plant Extracts

Abstract Fresh cilantro, parsley, and spinach are products that are regularly consumed fresh, but are difficult to decontaminate, as a result, they are common vehicles of transmission of enteropathogenic bacteria. In this study, the efficacy of plant extracts as alternatives for disinfection of cilantro, parsley, and spinach that were artificially contaminated with Salmonella , Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella sonnei was determined. Edible plant extracts obtained using ethanol as the extraction solvent were tested to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and those that exhibited the lowest MBC were selected for further studies. Leaves of fresh greens were washed with sterile water and dried. For seeding, leaves were submerged in suspensions of 2 different concentrations of bacteria (1.5 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 5 ), dried, and then stored at 4 °C until use. To determine the effects of the extracts, inoculated leafy greens were submerged in a container and subjected to treatments with chlorine, Citrol®, or selected plant extracts. Each treatment type was stored at 4 °C for 0, 1, 5, and 7 d, and the bacterial counts were determined. From the 41 plant extracts tested, the extracts from oregano leaves and from the peel and pulp of limes were found to be as effective as chlorine or Citrol® in reducing by &gt; 2 logs, the population of pathogenic bacteria on leafy greens and therefore, may be a natural and edible alternative to chemicals to reduce the risk of Salmonella , E. coli O157:H7 and S. sonnei contamination on leafy vegetables. Practical Application: The antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts of Mexican lime and oregano was clearly demonstrated on cilantro, parsley, and spinach. The extracts of Mexican lime and oregano provide alternatives to chlorine to significantly reduce bacterial pathogens that have been associated with outbreaks from contaminated leafy green vegetables. A simple, low cost, and labor‐saving extraction system for production of the extracts was used.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences