jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on the Interaction of an Inextensible Filament in a Uniform Fluid Flow Using the Immersed Boundary Method

Numerical modeling of fluid-structure interaction problems are challenging in the field of computational fluid dynamics because of the complex geometries involved and freely moving boundaries. Flapping of an inextensible filament in a uniform fluid flow is such a problem which mimics the swimming of energy harvesting eel fish. Recently, immersed boundary method has found much attention in simulating fluid-structure interaction problems due to its easiness in grid generation and memory and CPU savings. In the present work, we employed an improved version of immersed boundary method proposed by Shin et al. [1] which combines the feedback forcing scheme of the virtual boundary method with Peskin’s regularized delta function approach. A FORTRAN code is developed for the simulation of flexible filament flapping in a uniform fluid flow. The code is validated for the bench mark problem of two-dimensional flow over a circular cylinder. A single filament hanging under gravitational force is simulated using the developed code which is analogous to a rope pendulum and the results are compared with available analytical results. The results are found to be in good agreement. Finally, the interaction of the flapping filament in the uniform fluid flow is studied for different flow and structure parameters. The production of a series of vortex procession obtained in the case of flapping of filament is in good agreement with the previous available experimental and numerical results.

Topic: Micro and Nano Robotics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comparison of the Occurrence and Impact of Selected Forms of Assistance As Provided by School Personnel to Three Cohorts of Beginning Agricultural Education Teachers

A variety of induction activities are being provided to beginning teachers by school district personnel. Little evidence exists concerning the frequency and impact of delivery of selected forms of assistance. This study involved 64 beginning secondary agricultural education teachers from three consecutive cohorts. Results of this study show that teacher induction programming that was frequently provided for beginning teachers by school personnel did not address the largest share of the forms of assistance that resulted in a major impact upon the experience of the beginning teachers. The initial five forms of assistance that had a major impact upon the experience of beginning teachers were: an adequate supply of instructional materials, parental support for the program, availability of purchasing information, planning time, and an extra planning period. Mean impact scores were not affected by gender, level of stress, origin of preservice education, and size of school. The researcher concluded that school district personnel need to secure input from beginning teachers to inform induction programming efforts.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Inside the French reform of nursing education: a survey of faculty members].

Changing societal health care needs has led the Ministry of Health to rethink the paramedical courses. European harmonization was needed to set up this training with the LMD system within a university scheme. Based on this new paradigm, an educational reform consisting of a competency-based approach was implemented, leading to major modifications in the function of a trainer. Consequently, training institutes for health care managers had to adapt their program to this new learning concept. The main objective of this study was to identify the needs of trainers in charge of this new graduate nurse program. The secondary objective was to collect their perceptions in order to recognize the positive or negative factors related to these changes. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 276 trainers belonging to 16 out of the 17 nursing schools of the Rhone-Alpes 2 region. One hundred and five trainers responded, corresponding to a rate of 38%. The majority of the respondents considered the new program as suitable, both for training and for profession. The skills approach is seen as a factor for improvement. The learnings to be developed are in line with reflective practice and the conception of symbolic situations. The study has allowed to gather the needs for the trainers to adapt their training. It highlighted the importance of a referent trainer for the trainee, a major and precious lever for change.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Practices
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Overview of Mycotic Keratitis

Abstract: Keratomycosis is a serious corneal infection associated with high ocular morbidity that can lead to severe vision loss. It is estimated to affect more than 1 million patients annually, most commonly occurring in tropical climates, and represents a growing threat to patients worldwide. Despite aggressive medical management, fungal infections have a higher rate of perforation requiring surgical intervention compared with other infectious etiologies. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are keys to preserving vision and saving patients' eyes. Timely diagnosis of fungal keratitis helps minimize corneal damage and scarring and increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome. Studies have shown that correct identification of fungal infections is often delayed up to 2 to 3 weeks after initial presentation. This leads to incorrect or ineffective treatment for many patients. Diagnostic techniques explored in this study include corneal scrapings with staining and culture, visualization with in vivo confocal microscopy, molecular diagnostic techniques including polymerase chain reaction, and recently developed omics-based technologies. Treatment of fungal keratitis begins with topical antifungals. Medical management has been proven to be effective, but with limitations including poor drug penetration and low bioavailability. Cases that do not respond to topical therapy require more invasive and novel treatments to control the infection. We review the clinical trials that have shaped current practice patterns, with focus on the efficacy of topical natamycin as the primary therapy for filamentous fungal keratitis. We explore additional management strategies such as localized intrastromal and intracameral injections of antifungal medications, photodynamic therapy, and surgical intervention.

Topic: Ocular Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Maroon Logics as Flight from the Euromodern

A critical study of marronage is urgent since certain anthropological and historical analyses have painted an image of slavery—and therefore of marronage as well—as something of the past. This text will demonstrate that marronage, rather than being simply flight from the plantation in a literal sense, also refers to flight from oppressive institutions through permanent institutional reconfiguration as well as to an existential state of Being. In this text I sketch out ways in which marronage is made manifest within and outside Euromodernity, which I call maroon logics. Maroon logics consists of two interdependent modes of embodying freedom and struggling for liberation. On the one hand there is sociogenic marronage, elaborated by political theorist Neil Roberts in his book Freedom as Marronage (2015), which refers to permanent institutional change as a manifestation of marronage. On the other hand, there is what I call analectical marronage, which denotes resistance to the coloniality of being.

Topic: Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 289042: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two new species of Empis (Diptera: Empididae) from Turkey

The Turkish fauna of the genus Empis is poorly known, with only 45 species listed in the literature. Two new species,Empis (Polyblepharis) nabucco Çiftçi sp. nov. and Empis (s.str.) doronicola Çiftçi sp. nov. are described from mountainsof central Turkey. Both sexes are described and compared with related species. Male genitalia, and also mid leg of Empis (s.str.) doronicola Çiftçi sp. nov. are illustrated. Keys to Turkish species of Empis (s.str.) and E. (Polyblepharis) are given.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Elastic strain at Ge particles-Si matrix interface: a Raman spectroscopic study

Ge clusters show luminescence at room temperature. The clusters are grown on Si substrate at room temperature (Ge-RT) and also at liquid nitrogen temperature (Ge-LNT) by cluster evaporation technique. Raman measurement demonstrates the increase in strain with annealing in diffused disordered Si at the interface between Ge-LNT clusters and Si substrate. This manifests in strain-relaxation in the clusters as observed by Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The decrease in PL intensity for Ge-RT with annealing has been attributed to reduction in surface oxide species, which is supported by Raman spectroscopic measurements. The objective of the paper is to understand the effect of thermal annealing on both interfacial strain and interdiffusion of elemental Si at the interface, together with luminescence characteristics of the clusters.

Topic: Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Destabilization of Ag nanoislands on Ag(100) by adsorbed sulfur

Sulfur accelerates coarsening of Ag nanoislands on Ag(100) at 300 K, and this effect is enhanced with increasing sulfur coverage over a range spanning a few hundredths of a monolayer, to nearly 0.25 monolayers. We propose that acceleration of coarsening in this system is tied to the formation of AgS2 clusters primarily at step edges. These clusters can transport Ag more efficiently than can Ag adatoms (due to a lower diffusion barrier and comparable formation energy). The mobility of isolated sulfur on Ag(100) is very low so that formation of the complex is kinetically limited at low sulfur coverages, and thus enhancement is minimal. However, higher sulfur coverages force the population of sites adjacent to step edges, so that formation of the cluster is no longer limited by diffusion of sulfur across terraces. Sulfur exerts a much weaker effect on the rate of coarsening on Ag(100) than it does on Ag(111). This is consistent with theory, which shows that the difference between the total energy barrier for coarsening with and without sulfur is also much smaller on Ag(100) than on Ag(111).

Topic: Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Consideration on Kokālika in saṃgha breaking event

파승가는 승단의 분열이라는 특성상 제바달다 1인이 할 수 있는 사건이 아니다. 그러다 보니 다수의 동조자들이 존재하게 되는데, 구가리와 같은 경우는 이러한 동조자들 중에서도 최후까지 제바달다를 따르는 핵심동조자 4인 중 1명이다. 그러므로 구가리에 대한 보다 정확한 이해는 파승가와 붓다 만년의 근본불교에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓혀 준다는 점에서 그 의의를 확보할 수 있다.BR 구가리가 실질적으로 관여하고 있는 파승가의 측면은 전체적이다. 파승가가 제바달다에게서 결정되는 부분에서부터 시작하여 승단분열 이후에는 사리불과 목건련을 견제하는 부분, 그리고 제바달다의 오류를 지적하는 부분과 사리불과 목건련에 의해서 대다수의 지지자들이 불교승단으로 되돌아가게 되었을 때, 책임의 대상이 되는 부분까지 구가리는 제바달다와 더불어 파승가의 시종을 함께하고 있다. 즉, 구가리는 파승가에 있어서 제바달다 다음가는 핵심 인물이었던 것이다.BR 파승가는 집단에 의한 사건이라는 점을 고려하면 조력자의 역할 역시 중요하다. 그런데도 불구하고 지금까지의 우리는 문제를 너무 제바달다 1인만을 중심으로 해서 파악한 측면이 있다. 구가리에 대한 정리를 통해서 제바달다가 어떻게 지지기반을 확보ㆍ유지했으며, 핵심동조자들이 끝까지 불교교단으로 회귀하지 않고 제바달다를 따르게 된 이유에 관해 우리는 보다 타당한 인식에 도달해 보게 된다. 이는 파승가에 있어서 보다 높은 이해를 확보할 수 있는 측면이라고 하겠다. 즉, 파승가의 이해와 초기불교의 승단이해에 있어서 구가리에 과한 측면은 주목되지 않을 수 없는 것이다.

Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Drug supplying management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Krasnoyarsk kray

The aim of this study was to analyze drug supplying for outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at Krasnoyarsk kray. Methods. Federal and regional regulatory documents and databases of Healthcare Ministry of Krasnoyarsk kray and of the Regional Compulsory Health Insurance Fond were analyzed including the period of 2009 – 2014. We assessed number of receipts prescribed for COPD patients. Results. Despite the growing morbidity of COPD in the Krasnoyarsk kray, number of COPD patients received subsidized treatment has reduced annually and decreased by 14.3% during 2009 – 2014. The cost of subsidized treatment of COPD increased twice: from 2.1 thousand rubles in 2009 to 4.2 thousand rubles in 2014 and a recipe cost increased in 1.8 times: from 522.9 rubles in 2009 to 965.2 rubles in 2014. Every COPD patient receives 4 prescriptions per year in average. Conclusion . The results of this study necessitate thorough analysis of concordance with current guidelines for the prescribed drugs.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance

This chapter discusses the emergent gender regime in Africa. A strong 'women's rights as human rights' discourse supports this international regime. The chapter contends that the gender intervention offered by African institutions and governments remains restricted to specific issues such as maternal health, including lowering mortality rates and the levels of mother-to-child HIV/AIDs transmissions, as well as peace and security due to a specific conception of gender equality in Africa. It deals with the argument that while the global influence is influential within Africa, local forces influence the emergent African gender regime, and this has implications for the adoption and absorption process of gender equality norms. The progress made in Africa towards gender equality has often emerged within a human rights and development discourse, which sees gender equality as a consequence of ensuring women's human rights in view of their economic contributions to development.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple Relay Nodes Selection Scheme using Exit Time Variation for Efficient Data Dissemination in VANET

Efficient Data dissemination in VANET is still the challenge because of variable speed of vehicles, road conditions, frequent fragmentation etc. In this article a selective forwarding data dissemination scheme using exit time differences in vehicles for highway lanes scenario is proposed that focuses on the solution of broadcast storm, less coverage, transmission delay and reliable data delivery. Our approach is selecting multiple forwarding nodes to increase coverage in less delay. In this article road lanes concept is used to identify the moving node direction. Redundant regions and zones technique in proposed approach is reducing the processing of parameters at significant extents. Simulation of proposed approach is done using NS2 and SUMO. Output of implementation is compared with unidirectional flooding, KB_Selective, and LT_Selective techniques. Result analysis shown that the proposed technique is much efficient and it increases the rate of coverage up to 23%. Also it reduces the delay up to 18% in data delivery ratio. This methodology also improves the performance of system by increasing the throughput and reducing the collision rate in comparison with other methods.

Topic: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Image Segmentation and Recognition Algorithm for Interventional Treatment of Vascular Diseases Based on CNN (Preprint)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Early diagnosis and interventional treatment of vascular diseases depend on high-precision medical image analysis. However, existing image analysis methods suffer from issues such as blurred segmentation edges, overlaps, and difficulties in extracting complex lesion features, limiting their effectiveness. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> To develop and improve a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based segmentation and recognition algorithm for vascular interventional treatment images, addressing the challenges of image segmentation accuracy and lesion feature extraction. Methods: </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> This study proposes an improved deep CNN by integrating an adaptive convolution layer—combining convolution layers with an adaptive mechanism—to handle vascular images of varying sizes. Additionally, a multi-task learning framework is introduced to jointly optimize vascular image segmentation and lesion recognition, thereby enhancing model efficiency and accuracy. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The improved CNN model achieved a Dice coefficient of 92.5% and an intersection-over-union ratio of 89.2% for image segmentation, outperforming traditional CNN and other models. For lesion recognition, the model demonstrated higher accuracy (0.95) and recall (0.96). The model's inference time was also the shortest at 0.035 seconds per image, enabling processing of 28 frames per second. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> The proposed method significantly enhances early diagnostic capability for vascular lesions and offers strong support for real-time auxiliary tools in vascular interventional treatment, indicating promising clinical applications and practical value. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> Not applicable </sec>

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
‘Any one of us could be among that number’: Comparing the Policy Narratives for Individualized Disability Funding in Australia and England

Abstract In this article we compare the introduction of individualized budget policies for people with disabilities in Australia and England. Data is drawn from semi‐structured interviews undertaken in Australia with politicians, policymakers, providers, disability rights groups and care planners, along with analysis of policy documents. This data is compared to the authors’ earlier research from England on the personalization narrative. We argue that the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) currently being introduced in Australia deploys an insurance storyline, emphasizing risk‐pooling and the minimizing of future liabilities. This contrasts with the dominant storyline in England in which attention has focused on the right to choice and control for a minority of the population. This difference can be explained by the different financial context: the NDIS needed to build public and political support for a large increase in funding for disability services, whereas in England the reforms have been designed as cost‐neutral. Tensions in the English narrative have been about the extent to which personalization reforms empower the individual as a consumer, with purchasing power, or as a citizen with democratic rights. Australia's approach can be characterized as a form of social investment, evoking tensions between the citizenship of people with disabilities now and the future worker‐citizen.

Topic: Healthcare innovation and challenges
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhanced diffusion and non-Gaussian dynamics in driven magnetic nanoparticles

We investigate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of paramagnetic colloidal nanoparticles driven above a triangular lattice of cylindrical ferromagnetic domains. We use an external precessing magnetic field to create a dynamic energy landscape which propels the particles along complex trajectories, characterized by an alternation of periodic orbital motion (localization) and stochastic particle jumping between nearest domains. We show that this system is populated by localized particles as well as delocalized (transported) ones, and tune their relative fraction via the field cone angle. Our driven system presents enhanced diffusive dynamics and an emergent non-Gaussian behavior which can be explained by considering two coexisting dynamic transport modes.

Topic: stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mixture Models for Fitting Freeway Travel Time Distributions and Measuring Travel Time Reliability

Travel time reliability has attracted increasing attention in recent years and is often listed as a major roadway performance and service quality measure for traffic engineers and travelers. Measuring travel time reliability is the first step toward improving it, ensuring on-time arrivals, and reducing travel costs. Most measures of travel time reliability derive from continuous probability distributions and apply to traffic data directly. However, little previous research shows a consensus for selection of a probability distribution family for travel time reliability. Different probability distribution families could yield different values for the same measure of travel time reliability (e.g., standard deviation). The authors believe that specific selection of probability distribution families has few effects on measuring travel time reliability. Therefore, they proposed two hypotheses for accurately measuring travel time reliability and designed an experiment to prove the two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was proved by ( a) conducting the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and ( b) checking log likelihoods and the convergences of the corrected Akaike information criterion and of the Bayesian information criterion. The second hypothesis was proved by examining both moment- and percentile-based measures of travel time reliability. The results from testing the two hypotheses suggest that ( a) underfitting may cause disagreement in distribution selection, ( b) travel time can be precisely fitted by using mixture models with a higher value of K (regardless of distribution family), and ( c) measures of travel time reliability are insensitive to the selection of the distribution family. These findings allow researchers and practitioners to avoid testing of various distributions, and travel time reliability can be more accurately measured by using mixture models because of the higher values of log likelihoods.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from<i>Schisandra neglecta</i>and their anti-HIV-1 activities

Two new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schinegllignans A and B (1 and 2), together with 11 known (3–13) were isolated from the fruit of Schisandra neglecta. Their structures and stereochemistries were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their anti-HIV activities, and they showed moderate anti-HIV-1 activities with therapeutic index values of 18.5 and 24.6.

Topic: Plant-derived Lignans Synthesis and Bioactivity
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences