jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cultural Factors on Students of Pakistan

Pakistan as culturally diverse country possesses wide range of cultural factors. These cultural factors affect the living style, traditions, values and norms as well as the education. As e-learning is global mode of education so learners from different backgrounds enrolled in learning management system. Diversity of culture and learning styles should keep under considerations while designing e-learning environment. In this research work e learning cultural factors highlighted by Bentley ET. AL are incorporated to find the learner level. After assignment of level, learner respective Learning Management System is allocated to learner. The focus is to concentrate on cultural factor in e-learning system. Furthermore; a prototype of the proposed system is implemented for the validation of proposed architecture.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
RIBOSOMAL GENE LOCALIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION (ARRANGEMENT) WITHIN THE NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGION OF <i>ZEA MAYS</i>

ABSTRACT Cytogenetic and molecular hybridization techniques were used to examine the arrangement of rRNA genes at the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) of maize. TB-6a stocks involving a reciprocal translocation between a B chromosome and the NOR of chromosome 6 were used. The amount of rDNA in the different stocks used varied from 1.5 to 4 NOR equivalents depending on the number of B6 choromosomes present. Cytological measurements show that the medial break through the NOR results in an equal partitioning of the heterochromatic knob (the NOR) between chromosome 6 and the B chromosome to which it was translocated. DNA-rRNA hybridization experiments show a linear relationship between the amount of rRNA capable of hybridizing with DNA and the number of NOR equivalents present. The data confirm McClintock's conclusion that the heterochromatic knob, rather than the constricted portion, is the true NOR region. Further, they show that the number of ribosomal genes is correlated with the amount of cytologically visible NOR, suggesting a uniform distribution of genes throughout the locus.

Topic: Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Time-Energy Uncertainty Limit for spin-related wavepacket evolution

In this report we study the quantum transport of charge carriers for low dimensional systems with spin-orbit coupling by means of Heisenberg's inequalities. To develop our analysis, an accurate \emph{gendanken} experiment was carefully put together, mainly based on the spin-field effect transistor phenomenology and taking into account several wide accepted approaches on quantum mechanical limited determinism. While verifying the applicability of time-energy uncertainty relation (TEUR) during electronic wavepacket's evolution through a semiconductor quantum wire, some qualitative information related the dynamic behavior of the system is found. The problem is also approached in the framework of the stationary phase method to guarantee robust coherence for wavepacket's evolution, which lately implies certain restrictions on the incident energy values for the envisioned cases. Tailoring different input parameters such as: incoming particles spin polarization, barrier thickness and Rashba's spin-orbit interaction (R-SOI) strength, we have observed appealing effects while the packet evolves through a quasi-1D heterostructure. Hopefully some of them could be of help in spintronics device designing. We have obtained most of the numerical simulation results, within the so-called conservation zone. However, for certain barrier thicknesses, some values drop into the forbidden area regarding the clear theoretical limit imposed by the TEUR. As an expected bonus throughout our theoretical validation of the TEUR, spin splitting due to finite values of R-SOI was nicely noticed.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Isospora peromysci</i> n. sp., <i>I. californica</i> n. sp., and <i>I. hastingsi</i> n. sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Four Sympatric Species of White‐footed Mice (<i>Peromyscus</i>) in Central California

SYNOPSIS. Isospora peromysci n. sp., I. californica n. sp., and I. hastingsi n. sp. are described from 4 Peromyscus species in Monterey County, Central California. I. peromysci n. sp. was found in 35 of 1,346 Peromyscus , including P. californicus, P. truei , and P. maniculatus; I. californica n. sp. was found in 15 Peromyscus , including P. californicus, P. boylii, P. truei , and P. maniculatus ; and I. hastingsi n. sp. was found in one P. truei. Endogenous forms of I. peromysci n. sp. are described from P. maniculatus , and host distribution and incidence of all species are given.

Topic: Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pastoral Bearings: Lived Religion and Pastoral Theology

Pastoral Bearings signifies a culmination of major shifts in the field of pastoral theology in a number of ways. First, religious practice is no longer viewed as the prerogative of the religious community or its officially sanctioned leaders alone, whose interest may be the maintenance of a set of ideological tenets. Religious practice is now viewed as a complex set of lived experience by which the participating persons in it exercise their agency and navigate in the religious geography that is informed by the experience of the past, present, and other contexts (Bevans, 2002). The changing religious topography in the United States coupled with the decline of mainline Protestant communities is likely to have contributed partially to this change. Pastoral Bearings is an excellent example of a collection of pastoral contextual theology in action that addresses the empowerment of individuals and their postmodern context-dependent meaningmaking processes (cf. Patton, 1993; Ramsay, 1998; Lartey, 2006).

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Library and Information System in Andhra Pradesh: An Overview

The State of Andhra Pradesh had a long history of library system prior to Indian independence when it was part of Madras Presidency. Over the time significant changes occurred in the library and information system. The present study is an attempt to overview the growth and functioning of academic, public and special library and information systems in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The study has been taken up with six parameters–budget, professional staff, collection, automation, ICT infrastructure and services. The analysis is based on data gathered through questionnaire, phone calls and information available on institutions’ website. The findings indicate lopsided functioning of all types of libraries.

Topic: Web and Library Services
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Access to hip arthroplasty and rates of complications in different socioeconomic groups

Aims Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures. The objectives of this study were to define whether there is a correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and surgical complications after elective primary unilateral THA, and investigate whether access to elective THA differs within SES groups. Methods We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study involving 202 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, over a 17-year period. Patients were divided into income quintiles based on postal codes as a proxy for personal economic status. Multivariable logistic regression models were then used to primarily assess the relationship between SES and surgical complications within one year of index THA. Results Of 111,359 patients who underwent elective primary THA, those in the lower SES groups had statistically significantly more comorbidities and statistically significantly more postoperative complications. While there was no increase in readmission rates within 90 days, there was a statistically significant difference in the primary and secondary outcomes including all revisions due (with a subset of deep wound infection and dislocation). Results showed that those in the higher SES groups had proportionally more cases performed than those in lower groups. Compared to the highest SES quintile, the lower groups had 61% of the number of hip arthroplasties performed. Conclusion Patients in lower socioeconomic groups have more comorbidities, fewer absolute number of cases performed, have their procedures performed in lower-volume centres, and ultimately have higher rates of complications. This lack of access and higher rates of complications is a “double hit” to those in lower SES groups, and indicates that we should be concentrating efforts to improve access to surgeons and hospitals where arthroplasty is routinely performed in high numbers. Even in a universal healthcare system where there are no penalties for complications such as readmission, there seems to be an inequality in the access to THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):589–597.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relational Cohesion in Palaeolithic Europe: Hominin-Cave Bear Interactions in Moravia and Silesia, Czech Republic, During OIS3

This book examines how human interactions with animals, in particular now extinct cave bears (Ursus spelaeu), affected the social lives of prehistoric hunter-gatherers (hominins – Neanderthals and AMH) living in Central Europe (Moravia and Silesia/Eastern Czech Republic) during OIS3 (c. 60,000-24,000 Cal. BP). The author adopts a multidisciplinary approach, using published literature, animal remains, digital data, and GIS, together with odontometric and tooth-wear analyses, and spatial reconstruction techniques to identify potential interactions between hominins and cave bears. New theoretical concepts are used to interpret the results and as a means for making statements about the role that cave bears, and potential interactions with cave bears, played in the social lives of hominins. After the introduction Chapter 2 explores what interactions are, discusses and highlights the main issues associated with human-animal interactions, and outlines the approaches adopted. Chapter 3 presents an overview of cave bears, discussing issues such as the history of cave-bear research, cave-bear phylogeny, evidence for their presence, their geographical and chronological distribution, important elements of their ecology, biology, physiology, and ethology, and existing evidence for human use of their remains and cave-bear depictions. Chapter 4 presents a thorough overview of the case study, looking in particular at issues such as climate, geology, topography, flora, and fauna, hominins and cave bears in the study region, and the specific case study sites chosen for this book. Chapter 5 creates a digital framework, mapping site locations, lithic raw material outcrops, topography, palaeohydrology, palaeovegetation, friction maps, prey species distribution and diversity maps. Chapters 6 and 7 map cave-bear and hominin distribution patterns, and Chapter 8 brings the results of Chapters 6 and 7 together, identifying potential interactions between the two. In the final chapter the author discuss the significance of the results of the book both in terms of hominins and cave bears within the study region during OIS3, and within a wider zoological, spatial and temporal context.

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Early feeding tolerance in small for gestational age infants with normal versus abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics

OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in feeding tolerance amongst preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants with normal versus abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow defined as absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AREDF). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants &lt;35 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) &lt;10th percentile. Day of initiation of feeds, days to full feeds and CRIB II scores were the primary outcomes. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups of SGA infants with normal and AREDF. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to adjust for potential confounders of the association of AREDF and feeding intolerance. RESULTS: 120 infants with normal and 64 infants with AREDF were included. The infants with AREDF were smaller (971 g vs. 1183 g, p = 0.0002), less mature (29.9 wks vs. 31.2 wks, p = 0.0009), had higher CRIB II score (7.2 vs. 5.2, p = 0.0033), started feeding later (4.1 days vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.020) and advanced slower to full feeds (17.7 days vs. 13.7 days, p = 0.0017). Necrotizing enterocolitis was similar between the groups ( p = 0.18). After adjusting for confounders, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of the initiation ( p = 0.37) and advancement of feeds ( p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with AREDF are sicker at birth and have more feeding difficulties; after adjusting for BW and GA, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of feeding intolerance.

Topic: Infant Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Electromagnetic fields in small systems from a multiphase transport model

We calculate the electromagnetic fields generated in small systems by using a multiphase transport (AMPT) model. Compared to $A+A$ collisions, we find that the absolute electric and magnetic fields are not small in $p$+Au and $d$+Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and in $p$+Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We study the centrality dependencies and the spatial distributions of electromagnetic fields. We further investigate the azimuthal fluctuations of the magnetic field and its correlation with the fluctuating geometry using event-by-event simulations. We find that the azimuthal correlation $\left\langle \cos2(Ψ_B - Ψ_{2}) \right\rangle$ between the magnetic field direction and the second harmonic participant plane is almost zero in small systems with high multiplicities, but not in those with low multiplicities. This indicates that the charge azimuthal correlation, $\left\langle \cos(ϕ_α+ϕ_β - 2Ψ_{RP}) \right\rangle$, is not a valid probe to study the chiral magnetic effect (CME) in small systems with high multiplicities. However, we suggest searching for possible CME effects in small systems with low multiplicities.

Topic: Biological and pharmacological studies of plants
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Repeatability synthesis methodology for modular ultra-precision assembly systems

Many Assembled products have ever shorter lifecycles while the demand for ultra-precision continuously increases. Modular assembly systems are design to address the need for volume and product variations and need to increasingly address demand for higher accuracy and repeatability. This paper proposes a new methodology for the repeatability synthesis of modular assembly workstations based on the basic characteristics of their modules. The methodology simultaneously takes the physical configuration of the modules and the process setup of their skills into consideration.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification and Selective Precipitation of Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozymes Using Antibodies Raised to Horse Liver Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozymes

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes from human liver homogenates were recognized in immunoblotting experiments and precipitated in Ouchterlony double diffusion gels by antibodies raised to the horse liver mitochondrial and cvtosolic ALDH isozymes. The antibody raised to the cytosoRc horse liver ALDH (αHC) has been shown to be specific for cytosolic ALDH isozymes, while the antibody raised to the horse liver mitochondrial ALDH (αHM) precipitated both mitochondrial and cytosolic ALDH isozymes. It was possible to selectively remove the cytosolic ALDH from a homogenate of a liver sample from α Caucasian by preincubation with αHC; the remaining mitochondrial enzyme was then precipitated by aHM in double diffusion gels. The experiments were repeated with a liver sample from an Oriental, presumed to have been alcohol sensitive since no active mitochondrial ALDH was found. The precipitation of a relatively inactive mitochondrial enzyme by αHM from a cytosolic ALDH‐free sample confirmed previous reports of the existence of a mitochondrial ALDH in tissue from an alcohol‐sensitive Oriental. The results of immunoblotting experiments confirm the co‐migration, in electrophoresis, of the cytosolic and mitochondrial ALDHs from the liver of an alcohol‐sensitive Oriental. The results reported here, together with previous observations, indicate that the antibodies raised to horse liver ALDH isozymes can be used to determine the subcellular location of ALDH isozymes in various human tissues, including frozen tissue samples which are not amenable to subcellular fractionation.

Topic: Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New directions in myocardial stress imaging

Non-invasive stress imaging techniques such as echocardiography\\nand myocardial perfusion imaging are widely used for the diagnosis and\\nfunctional evaluation of coronary artery disease and for the assessment of\\nmyocardial viability.1\\xc2\\xb78 The aim of this thesis was to analyse methods that\\nmay expand the clinical utility of stress echocardiographic and perfusion\\nimaging, for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and viability in patients\\nwith suspected or known coronary artery disease.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improvement of Interoperability of IFC for Geometry and Location of Structural Members

본 연구는 보, 기둥, 벽체, 슬래브 등 구조부재의 형상과 위치를 서로 다른 방식으로 표현하여 발생하는 문제점을 해결하여 IFC의 상호운용성을 개선하기 위한 것으로서, IFC에서 부재의 길이, 부재 단면의 높이, 두께, 부재의 기준위치, 편심 등을 명확하게 나타낼 수 있는 부재의 형상과 위치 표현 방법을 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 엔지니어가 구조부재의 형상과 위치를 인식하고 취급하는 방식을 기준으로 하였다. 그리고 간단한 구조물에 대해서 본 연구에서 제시한 방법에 따라 IFC 파일을 작성하고, 이로부터 엔지니어가 인식하고 취급하는 방식에 맞추어 보 단면의 치수, 부재의 길이, 기준위치, 편심을 표현할 수 있음을 구체적으로 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 고려하면, 본 연구에서 제시한 방법이 여러 응용소프트웨어에서 보, 기둥, 벽체, 슬래브의 형상과 위치 등 기본적인 자료를 IFC 기반으로 보다 신뢰도 높고 완전하게 교환하는 데에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to improve the interoperability of IFC for the basic data such as the size of member section, length, thickness, reference location, and eccentricity of the structural members. For this, the method to represent the basic data of structural member is proposed. In the proposed method, the most important criteria is the way that engineers recognize and treat the basic data of structural members. Then, in this study, an IFC file is generated based on the proposed method for a simple RC building composed of members and it is examined that the correct basic data can be derived from the IFC file in the way that engineers do in practice. From the results of the examination, the proposed method is expected to improve the interoperability of IFC for the basic data.

Topic: BIM and Construction Integration
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Osteoblast expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is modulated by the extracellular microenvironment

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is crucial to the process of fracture healing. Vascular disruption after osseous injury results in an acidic, hypoxic wound environment. We have previously shown that osteoblasts can produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to a variety of stimuli. In this study we examined pH and lactate concentration, two components of the putative fracture extracellular microenvironment, and determined their relative contribution to regulation of rat calvarial osteoblast VEGF production under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that pH and lactate concentration do independently affect osteoblast VEGF mRNA and protein production. Acidic pH (7.0) significantly decreased VEGF production, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions ( P &lt; 0.05), compared with neutral pH (7.4). This decrease was primarily transcriptionally regulated, because the rate of VEGF mRNA degradation was unchanged at pH 7.0 vs. 7.4. Similarly, an elevated lactate concentration (22 mM) also depressed osteoblast elaboration of VEGF at both neutral and acidic pH ( P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the effects of increasing acidity and elevated lactate appeared to be additive.

Topic: Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Systematic Review of Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Venous Thrombosis

Background: Hormonal contraception (HC) is widely used throughout the world and has been associated with venous thrombosis (VT) such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, and cerebral VT. Objectives: To provide a current comprehensive overview of the risk of objectively confirmed VT with HC in healthy women compared to nonusers. Search methods: PubMed was searched from inception to April 2018 for eligible studies in the English language, with hand searching from past systematic reviews. Selection criteria: We selected original research evaluating risk of objectively confirmed VT in healthy women taking oral or nonoral HC compared with nonusers. Data collection: The primary outcome of interest was a fatal or nonfatal VT in users of HC compared to nonusers or past users. Studies with at least twenty events were eligible. Adjusted relative risks with 95 percent confidence intervals were reported. Three independent reviewers extracted data from selected studies. Results: 1,962 publications were retrieved through the search strategy, with 15 publications included. Users of oral contraception with levonorgesterol had increased risk of VT by a range of 2.79–4.07, while other oral hormonal preparations increased risk by 4.0–48.6. Levonorgestrel intrauterine devices did not increase risk. Etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal rings increased the risk of VT by 6.5. Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol patches increased risk of VT by 7.9. Etonogestrel subcutaneous implants by 1.4 and depot-medroxyprogesterone by 3.6. The risk of fatal VT was increased in women aged fifteen to twenty-four by 18.8-fold. Conclusion: Users of HC have a significant increased risk of VT compared to nonusers. Current risks would project at least 300–400 healthy young women dying yearly in the United States due to HC. Women should be informed of these risks and offered education in fertility-awareness-based methods with comparable efficacy for family planning. Summary: HC is widely used throughout the world and has been associated with blood clots in the legs and lungs. We searched the literature and found the risks of currently used forms of birth control increased between three- and ninefold for blood clots for healthy women. The risks found would project 300–400 women dying from using HC each year in the United States.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Contraception
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences