jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Aggregate meetings” and politics in early nineteenth-century Dublin

This paper discusses aggregate meetings of Dublin in the early nineteenth century. An aggregate meeting was an ad hoc meeting held to mobilise and express public opinion on various issues. While the chief promoters of aggregate meetings in eighteenth-century Dublin were Protestants who demanded political reforms, after the formation of the United Kingdom in 1801 Catholics began to convene their own aggregate meetings to prepare petitions to the Westminster Parliament for Catholic emancipation. Because other forms of Catholic political activities were banned by the government, Catholic politicians relied increasingly on aggregate meetings, which became an annual event in Dublin. Catholic aggregate meetings sometimes collected a few hundred people and enjoyed wide newspaper coverage, against which conservative (anti-Catholic emancipation) Protestants could mobilise only a small number of people at its regular meetings, which made them inferior to Catholics in terms of publicity. Aggregate meetings in Dublin widened their scope as the city saw a surge of monarchical loyalism in 1820-21, when not only liberal (pro-Catholic emancipation) Protestants and Catholics but also conservative Protestants joined combined aggregate meetings to celebrate the coronation of the new king. Although a new phenomenon, it was temporary, as conservative Protestants soon seceded from the alliance. However, the narrowing of the scope did not lead to the diminishing of the significance of aggregate meetings. In fact, the most influential aggregate meeting was a combined meeting of liberal Protestants and Catholics that created and spread an unrealistic definition of the nature of a criminal case, resulting in deforming the legal process of the case.

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimization of energy efficiency for residential buildings by using artificial intelligence

La consommation, en général, représente le processus d’utilisation d’un type de ressource où des économies doivent être réalisées. La consommation d’énergie est devenue l’un des principaux problèmes d’urbanisation et de crise énergétique, car l’épuisement des combustibles fossiles et le réchauffement climatique mettent en péril l’utilisation de l’énergie des plantes. Cette thèse présent une méthode d’économie d’énergie a été adoptée pour la réduction de consommation d’énergie prévu le secteur résidentiel et les maisons passives. Un modèle mathématique basé sur des mesures expérimentales a été développé pour simuler le comportement d’un laboratoire d’essai de l’UPB. Le protocole expérimental a été réalisé à la suite d’actions telles que : la construction de bases de données sur les paramètres, la collecte de données météorologiques, l’apport de flux auxiliaires tout en considérant le comportement humain. L’algorithme de contrôle-commande du système est capable de maintenir une température constante à l’intérieur du bâtiment avec une consommation minimale d’énergie. Les mesures et l’acquisition de données ont été configurées à deux niveaux différents: les données météorologiques et les données sur les bâtiments. La collection de données est faite sur un serveur qui a été mis en œuvre dans l’installation de test en cours d’exécution d’un algorithme complexe qui peut fournir le contrôle de consommation d’énergie. La thèse rapporte plusieurs méthodes numériques pour envisage la consommation d’énergie, utilisée avec l’algorithme de contrôle. Un cas expérimental basé sur des méthodes de calcul dynamiques pour les évaluations de performance énergétique de construction a été faite à Grenade, en Espagne, l’information qui a été plus tard utilisée dans cette thèse. L’estimation des paramètres R-C avec la prévision du flux de chaleur a été faite en utilisant la méthode nodal, basée sur des éléments physiques, des données d’entrée et des informations météorologiques. La prévision d’énergie de consommation présent des résultats améliorés tandis que la collecte de données IoT a été téléchargée sur une carte à base de système de tarte aux framboises. Tous ces résultats ont été stables montrant des progrès impressionnants dans la prévision de la consommation d’énergie et leur application en énergie.

Topic: Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prediction of Potential Host-Pathogen Protein Interactions by Structure

Proteins function through interactions with other biomolecules. Here I describe a series of tools developed and applied to study potential interactions between host and pathogen proteins. First, I describe a comprehensive relational database of structurally defined interfaces between pairs of protein domains, PIBASE. A diverse set of geometric, physicochemical, and topologic properties are calculated to describe each complex, its domains, interfaces, and binding sites (http://salilab.org/pibase). This database allows a range of observations, from the atomistic detail of individual interfaces, to the structural organization of protein interaction space. Next, I present a comparative modeling method that uses experimentally determined structures of protein complexes as templates to predict the composition of protein complexes. Candidate complexes are assessed by comparative modeling of the components and subsequent assessment by a statistical potential derived from binary domain interfaces in PIBASE. Moreover, the predicted complexes were also filtered using functional annotation and sub-cellular localization data. The protocol was validated using experimentally observed interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (http://salilab.org/modbase). Finally, I present a global computational protocol that generates testable predictions of potential host--pathogen protein interactions. The protocol first scans the total genomes for host and pathogen proteins with similarity to known protein complexes, then assesses these putative interactions, using structure if available, and finally filters these using biological context, such as the stage-specific expression of pathogen proteins and tissue expression of host proteins. The technique was applied to a set of ten pathogens, including species of mycobacterium, apicomplexa, and kinetoplastida, responsible for "neglected" human diseases. The method was assessed by (i) comparison to a set of known host--pathogen interactions, (ii) comparison to genomics data describing host and pathogen genes involved in infection, and (iii) analysis of the functional properties of the human proteins predicted to interact with pathogen proteins. The predictions include interactions known from previously characterized mechanisms, such as cytoadhesion and protease inhibition, as well as suspected interactions in hypothesized pathways, such as apoptotic pathways (http://salilab.org/hostpathogen). These results suggest that comparative protein structure modeling in combination with genomic and proteomic data can be a valuable tool for the study of inter-specific protein interactions.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quality Adaptation Algorithm for Streaming over CoAP

This paper presents a quality adaptation algorithm for multimedia streaming over constrained application protocol (CoAP) in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. The proposed scheme is designed to improve user experience by meeting the video quality objectives in a constrained wireless environment. To achieve this, the proposed scheme increases or decreases the video quality by taking the throughput of the available wireless link and segment download time into consideration. The algorithm decides to aggressively or conservatively increase the video quality based on the sizes of the upcoming segments. In addition, the algorithm decreases the video rate by predicting the buffer level at the download of the next segment. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves user experience by achieving high quality video and mitigating the risk of playback interruptions.

Topic: Image and Video Quality Assessment
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuron/target matching between chorda tympani neurons and taste buds during postnatal rat development

During postnatal development, a relationship is established between the size of individual taste buds and number of innervating neurons. To determine whether rearrangement of neurons that innervate taste buds establishes this relationship, we labeled single taste buds at postnatal day 10 (P10) and again at either P15, P20, or P40 with retrograde fluorescent neuronal tracers. The number of single- and double-labeled geniculate ganglion cells was counted, and the respective taste bud volumes were measured for the three groups of rats. The current study replicates findings from an earlier report demonstrating that the larger the taste bud, the more geniculate ganglion cells that innervate it. This relationship between taste bud size and number of innervating neurons is not apparent until P40, when taste bud size reaches maturity. These findings are extended here by demonstrating that the number of neurons that innervate taste buds at P10, when taste bud size is small and relatively homogeneous, predicts the size that the respective taste bud will become at maturity. Moreover, while there is some neural rearrangement of taste bud innervation from P10 to P40, rearrangement does not impact the relationship between taste bud size and innervating neurons. That is, the neurons that maintain contact with taste buds from P10 through P40 accurately predict the mature taste bud size. Therefore, the size of the mature taste bud is determined by P10 and relates to the number of sensory neurons that innervate it at that age and the number of neurons that maintain contact with it throughout the first 40 days of postnatal development. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 43: 98–106, 2000

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Virulence of Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates in a Murine Sepsis Model in Relation to Sequence Type ST131 Status, Fluoroquinolone Resistance, and Virulence Genotype

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli sequence type ST131 (O25b:H4) has emerged over the past decade as a globally disseminated, multidrug-resistant pathogen. Unlike traditional antimicrobial-resistant E. coli , ST131 derives from virulence-associated phylogenetic group B2 and exhibits extraintestinal virulence factors. This, plus preliminary evidence of virulence in experimental animals, has suggested that ST131's epidemic emergence may be due to high virulence potential, compared with other E. coli types. To test this hypothesis, we compared a large number of matched ST131 and non-ST131 E. coli clinical isolates, both fluoroquinolone resistant and susceptible, plus isolates from classic extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) sequence types (STs) and case report ST131 household transmission isolates, for virulence in a mouse subcutaneous sepsis model. Overall, in mice, the study isolates produced a wide range of lethality and clinical illness. However, neither ST131 status nor fluoroquinolone phenotype correlated with this diversity of illness severity, which occurred within each of the 6 study groups. In contrast, multiple known or suspected ExPEC virulence genes, including pap (P fimbriae), vat (vacuolating toxin), kpsM II (group 2 capsule), ibeA (invasion of brain endothelium), and clbB/N (colibactin synthesis), plus molecularly defined ExPEC status, were significantly associated with virulence. These findings point away from ST131 isolates as having higher virulence potential compared with other E. coli types in causing invasive extraintestinal infections and suggest instead that ST131's epidemiological success may reflect enhanced fitness for upstream steps in pathogenesis or in colonization and transmission. Additionally, the extensive within-ST virulence diversity suggests an opportunity to compare closely related strains to identify the responsible genetic determinants.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Noninvasive glucometer model using partial least square regression technique for human blood matrix

In this article, we have highlighted the partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the glucose level in human blood by considering only five variants. The PLSR model is experimentally validated for the 13 templates samples. The root mean square error analysis of design model and experimental sample is found to be satisfactory with the values of 3.459 and 5.543, respectively. In PLSR templates design is a critical issue for the number of variants participating in the model. Ensemble consisting of five major variants is simulated to replicate the signatures of these constituents in the human blood, i.e., alanine, urea, lactate, glucose, and ascorbate. Multivariate system using PLSR plays important role in understanding chemometrics of such ensemble. The resultant spectra of all these constituents are generated to create templates for the PLSR model. This model has potential scope in designing a near-infrared spectroscopy based noninvasive glucometer.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding Predictive Coding as an Adaptive Trust-Region Method

Predictive coding (PC) is a brain-inspired local learning algorithm that has recently been suggested to provide advantages over backpropagation (BP) in biologically relevant scenarios. While theoretical work has mainly focused on showing how PC can approximate BP in various limits, the putative benefits of "natural" PC are less understood. Here we develop a theory of PC as an adaptive trust-region (TR) algorithm that uses second-order information. We show that the learning dynamics of PC can be interpreted as interpolating between BP's loss gradient direction and a TR direction found by the PC inference dynamics. Our theory suggests that PC should escape saddle points faster than BP, a prediction which we prove in a shallow linear model and support with experiments on deeper networks. This work lays a foundation for understanding PC in deep and wide networks.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation by shift reagents

Abstract Lanthanide shift reagents have opened a new avenue in the study of membrane biochemistry, but their stabilities and biological reactivities remain questionable. We present evidence that shift reagents are not biologically inert, and that they exhibit the ability to inhibit stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes at commonly used concentrations. A survey of various mitogens yielded no shift reagent‐resistant modes of stimulation, and a survey of various shift reagents yielded no effective and nontoxic alternatives. Involvement of calcium‐regulating mechanisms was not apparent. The assumption that lanthanide shift reagents used in NMR studies are nondestructive and physiologically innocuous is thus shown to be unwarranted.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
POSSIBLE CROSS-TALK BETWEEN ANTI-DONOR AND ANTI-HCV IMMUNOCYTES IN HCV-INFECTED LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS.

van de Wetering, J; Weimar, C HE; Holweg, C TJ; Baan, C C; van Domburg, R T; Balk, A HMM; Weimar, W Author Information

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Zika Virus in Semen: What We Know and What We Need to Know

The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in South and Central America has ascended to the forefront of international attention. While research regarding the effects and details surrounding ZIKV in pregnancy is well underway, especially related to blood-borne transmission, less attention has been devoted to ZIKV infection in semen and questions concerning implications of ZIKV infection in men. In this review, we present what is known and unknown, and the implications for localization of ZIKV to the male urogenital system. We examine the duration and viral load of ZIKV in semen, male and female transmission of ZIKV, the asymptomatic male carrier, and the consequences for assisted reproductive technology and sperm banking facilities. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for active ZIKV transmission in the United States as world travel continues to rise and the evolution and case history of ZIKV sexual transmission. We also review the current government-sponsored and reproductive society recommendations for managing sexual transmission of ZIKV and elucidate future research needs.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Persuasive interfaces in higher education: ethical perceptions and influence on student course selection

Purpose This study aims to investigate the ethical considerations and effectiveness of persuasive technology in educational settings, specifically focusing on course selection. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors explore the use and ethics of persuasion in the context of education, specifically regarding course selection in higher education settings. The authors conducted a survey involving students to assess their ethical perceptions of persuasive user interfaces and the impact of these interfaces on their decision-making processes. Participants were presented with different user interface designs that used various combinations of text and images to persuade them in their class selections within an institution based in Algeria. Findings The results reveal that students were only persuaded when they were unable to select what they wanted, and they did not even perceive themselves as being persuaded. Most participants found the persuasion for their own benefit and neutral (with no intention behind) to be ethically admirable. However, for the university’s benefit, most participants found the persuasion to be ethically neutral. In addition, in general they had neither a positive nor negative reaction to the attempt of persuading them. Research limitations/implications These findings suggest that, to influence student attitudes effectively, even when they retain freedom of choice, robust persuasive techniques may be necessary. At the same time, careful attention to ethical considerations is essential to maintain students’ positive perceptions. Originality/value The novelty of the study is addressing the use and ethics of persuasion through human–machine interfaces within a higher education setting, specifically among students in an Algerian educational institution. The main contribution is determining whether students can be persuaded with different interface designs (neutral design, persuasive design with a morally admirable goal, persuasive design with a neutral goal and persuasive design with a morally questionable goal), as well as whether they consider persuasion to be ethical.

Topic: Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The neighbourhood context and changes in self-reported ethnic identity

&lt;p&gt;Although many studies claim that the residential context is an important factor in shaping the ethnic identity of minorities, there are few studies which actually measure this relationship. This study contributes to filling this gap by investigating the relationship between the ethnic composition of neighbourhoods and changes in the self-reported ethnic identity of Russian-speaking minorities living in post-Soviet Estonia. Additionally, we observe Estonians who have changed their ethnic identity to Russian. We used data from the 2000 and 2011 Estonian censuses, which were geo-coded and linked at the individual level, enabling us to follow individuals over time. We estimated multi-level and fixed effects regression models to explore the relationship between the neighbourhood context and changes in ethnic identity. The main results show that ethnic minorities who live in majority-dominated neighbourhoods and regions, are the most likely to change their ethnic identity. We also show that members of the majority population who live in minority-dense neighbourhoods are more likely to change their ethnic identity than other majority group members. The results suggest that opportunities to meet people from other ethnic groups are important in processes of integration and assimilation, and it affects members of the majority and minority population alike.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LINGUO-SUGGESTIVE POTENTIAL OF ANCHORING TECHNOLOGY IN THE DISCOURSE OF FOOTBALL FANS (based on German language)

The article reveals the results of the study of the linguo–suggestive potential of the football fans discourse. It is found out that the discourse of fans is built in the paradigm of “us – them” and is aimed at forming a certain emotional state of the discursive community, which involves the implementation of linguo-suggestive influence. It is proved that anchoring technique is one of the leading techniques of neuro-linguistic programming in the communication of a fan group as a discursive community. The research presents an algorhythm for its implementation, which has six stages: 1) determining the situation, 2) creating the key anchor-stimulus, 3) finding the image-standard in the minds of the community, 4) forming the image presentation, 5) choosing the channel of broadcasting, 6) ensuring synergy through verbal and nonverbal means. Video recordings, publications and posts of football fans of German lingual culture on the Internet (on the example of protest discourses) became the empirical material for the study of anchoring technique. The research material proved that three types of broadcast channels are used in discourse: visual, audio and kinesthetic. The effectiveness of the impact is achieved through their complex combination and the use of verbal and nonverbal semiotic signs. The article singles out and analyzes the means of spelling, graphic, lexical-semantic and grammatical-stylistic levels due to which the pragmatic effect is achieved.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cultural Uniqueness and Implicit Religion

This article will argue that “uniqueness” can be understood as a form of Implicit Religion. This will be demonstrated through an analysis of the word and the use of fieldwork in two cultures in which “uniqueness” is a strong component of the nationalist discourse. In doing so, it will respond to serious and superficially persuasive criticisms of the idea that uniqueness relates to religion and, implicitly, to Implicit Religion as a concept. It will highlight the logically unsustainable philosophical presuppositions underlying Implicit Religion, and the false rationalist and&#x0D; unsustainable philosophical presuppositions underlying the critique. It will conclude that the critique itself would be fruitful pasture for Implicit Religion analysis.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences