jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinopodium eplingianum (Lamiaceae), a new species from Oaxaca, Mexico

Recent botanical exploration in grasslands in northwestern Oaxaca have revealed a Clinopodium (Lamiaceae) taxon that cannot be referred to any of the current described species. This plant is most similar to C. hintoniorum from northeastern Mexico, in Nuevo Léon, in general habit and architecture; however, it can be easily distinguished by leaf blade shape and width, calyx teeth shape and length, lack of tufts of hairs between them and a distinction in the relative proportion between calyx and corolla tube. This new species represents an addition to the flora of Oaxaca and to the biogeographic province of Sierra Madre del Sur, being endemic to these two areas. The taxon is here presented as C. eplingianum in honor to Carl Epling, the most prominent scholar in the study of American Lamiaceae. Morphological description, distribution map and illustration of the species are provided.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Removal Properties of Ionic Substances by Electric Double-layer Adsorption using Activated Carbon Electrodes

Various kinds of electrolytes were removed to utilize the principle of the electric double-layer using the activated carbon electrode. It was easy to be removed in various sulfates and nitrate in the order of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal. Though the ammonium salt removed over 75 %, in phosphate and carbonate are hard to be removed. This reason is based on hydrolysis and ion-exchange reaction. In the multicomponent system, it was easy to tend to remove large as electrolyte of the ionic migration speed.

Topic: Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multiobjective optimization of economic balances of sugarcane harvest biomass

The fact that Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) producer, leads to a great concern about the cropping systems used, since the most common practice involves manual harvesting prior to straw burning. Brazilian authorities approved a law prohibiting the burning practice of crop residues prior to harvest. However mechanized harvest creates the new problem of how to deal with the residues. Many studies have proposed the use of these residues as an energy source. The major difficulty in its use is how to economically transport sugarcane harvested biomass from the farm to a processing center. The aim of this work was to develop a model to optimize plant variety selection, minimize the cost of the residual biomass transfer process, to evaluate the economics of using this material, and to address sucrose production and planting area constraints, considering distances from plot to processing center. For this 0-1 multiple objective linear programming techniques were used. The results show the viability of the model in selecting varieties, which provide increased profit from residual biomass use.

Topic: Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Specific Knockout of Notch-1 in Macrophages Modulate the Progression of Hepatic Insulin Resistance in HFD Fed Mice via Regulating IRE1 -XBP1 Signals

Hepatic insulin resistance, Macrophages, Notch-1, IRE1α, XBP1.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Working the aporia: ethnography, embodiment and the ethnographic self

A more considered sense of the embodied nature of encounter is called for in the scholarship of ethnography. This paper argues for an ethnographic practice that accordingly moves beyond simplistic recounts of ‘highly personalised styles and their self-absorbed mandates’ (Van Maanen, 2011: 73), to more fully position an understanding of the ethnographer’s Self as an also encountered ‘site’. Taking cues from Heideggar’s (2008/1927) formulation of Dasein and the realisation of the Self through the encountered Other, this paper argues that attempts to make sense of the Other in ethnography – ultimately the raison d’etre of ethnographic practice – concomitantly require an accounting-for of the Self. This paper takes aim at the nature of embodiment as central to the experience of encounter, but will argue that this encounter of the Self functions as an aporia: a site of unknowing, but equally, of generative possibility. It is with the effects that embodiment has and the inflections it provides for the ethnography that particular attention is given.

Topic: Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
QSAR in a series of muscarinic agents. Note VI. Five-membered cyclic ligands.

Proceeding in our study on the muscarinic receptor site, a refinement of its topology by means of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships has been carried out. Specific key structures have been selected considering not only muscarine and the corresponding desether derivative, but also a set of cyclopentenyltrimethylammoniummethyl salts. These derivatives, considered in a correlation equation extended to all of the five-membered cyclic structures previously examined, significantly improve understanding of contributions of critical ligand substructures to the overall interaction. The results obtained reinforce the reliability of correlation equations in structure-activity studies.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effects of probiotic supplementation on body composition, recovery following exercise‐induced muscle damage, and exercise performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials

Abstract The goal of the current systematic review and meta‐analysis was to provide a definitive assessment of the impacts of probiotic supplementation on body composition, recovery from exercise‐induced muscle damage, and exercise performance in individuals actively participating in exercise. A thorough literature search encompassing Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to May 2024. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome were estimated using a random‐effects model. The certainty of the assessments was further evaluated utilizing the GRADE approach. The pooled analysis showed a significant effect of probiotics on body weight [(WMD = −0.55 kg; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.13; p = 0.010)], percent body fat [(WMD = −0.46%; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.09; p = 0.014)], creatine kinase [(WMD = −45.57 IU. L −1 ; 95% CI: −65.12, −26.02; p = 0.000)], and VO 2max [(WMD = 1.55 mL/kg −1 /min −1 ; 95% CI, 0.61 to 2.49; p = 0.001)]. Despite this, no significant effects were observed on body mass index, lean body mass, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin levels. Probiotic supplementation can have significant effects on body composition and exercise performance. Due to the moderate‐to‐low certainty of evidence, further studies are warranted.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The industrial organization of an Indian Province

The paramount question-the one which is of prime importance to the vast majority of the people of civilized lands -is, What makes the rate of wages ?' -' The Distribution of Products,' by Ed.Atkinson.* Those who amuse themselves by the manipulation of conjectural statistics may be interested in the result obtained by comparing Mr. F. J. Atkinson's estimate of the annual income of British India with Mr. Chiozza Money's estimate of the annual income of the United Kingdom.Such a comparison yields this result : Wages of 35s. a week in England represent the same proportion of the national dividend as Rs.7 a month in India.I am inclined to think from personal observation that this is not very far from the truth : the man who earns Rs. 7 a month in India probably does occupy about the same position in the social scale as the artisan who earns 35s. a week in England.The figures for wages in ' Prices and Wages ' are so untrustworthy that no statistical comparison can be made.The figures upon which the above calculation is based are : Population in Millions.

Topic: Indian Economic and Social Development
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
X‐linked myopia: Bornholm Eye Disease

Linkage analysis in a family with X‐linked myopia gave a positive LOD score (z=4.8 at theta = 0) for linkage to F8C. These results suggest a provisional assignment for the locus of this syndrome to the distal part of the X chromosome at Xq28. Based on the clinical and genetic evidence, a redefinition of this clinical syndrome, named Bornholm Eye Disease (BED), was made to include amblyopia, myopia, and deuteranopia. Facultative signs were optic nerve hypoplasia, reduced electroretinographic flicker function, and non‐specific retinal pigment abnormalities.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Wake vortex mechanisms behind cylinders with and without porous coating.

An experimental analysis of cylinders with diﬀerent porous coating conﬁgurations was performed to understand how these aﬀect near-wake vortex formation mechanics. Five coating conﬁgurations were produced using metallic foam to evaluate diﬀerent vortex formation parameters, namely the vortex shedding frequency, base pressure, formation length, wake thickness, vortex strength, and vorticity ratio. Existing scaling rules proved unable to describe all the vortex shedding patterns observed with less than six parameters, thus a new scaling was produced. By considering that immediately after detaching from a surface vortical structures will behave similarly unless disturbed, it was possible to reduce the scaling to wake velocity components alone. Results showed the new scaling to collapse the description of the near-wake from the initial six parameters to only four: three vortex relative speeds and vortex shedding frequency. Vorticity losses were shown to correlate with the ratio between vortex rotational speed and detaching shear layer speed with good agreement across all tested conﬁgurations. This validates the description developed of the vorticity losses in the near-wake, based on previous work describing the existence of two ﬂuctuating wake length scales: formation and diﬀusion lengths. In order to study the eﬀect of porous coatings on the coupling between drag and vortex shedding frequency, these were measured when sandpaper coatings and splitter plates were applied instead of metallic foams. Results showed the vortex shedding to be decoupled from drag unlike what had been observed for the metal foam coatings. Similar tests were performed on coating conﬁgurations with porous coatings removed, with results illustrating the combined eﬀect of porous coatings over base pressure and formation length. The well-established capability of porous coatings to decrease the unstable wake oscillations largely responsible for aerodynamic noise is likely to be related to the suppression of the diﬀusion length ﬂuctuations.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Four cases of brown-vialetto-van laere syndrome from Iran: Clinical and electrophysiologic findings.

Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS) is a rare neurological disorder. We report our finding about four patients clinically and electrophysiologically diagnosed as BVVLS and denoted their clinical features with comparison to previous reports. The first symptom was bilateral hearing loss and the onset of other cranial nerves involvement varied between 0-15 years. Our patients represented some rare features like upper motor neuron signs in one patient and two cases interestingly developed some clinical improvement. This is the first report of BVVLS from Iran. Our patients which represent Caucasian population had generally similar features like previously reported cases.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ECOFRIENDLY AND CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF SOLID STATE FLUORINATED QUINOLINYL PHTHALAZINE -1, 4-DITHIONES

A new series of fluorinated quinoline -1,4-dithiones <strong>3(a-f) </strong>were obtained by the treatment of 3-aryl-2-hydrazino-quinolines <strong>1(a-f) </strong>with isobenzo furan-1,3-dithione <strong>2 </strong>in the presence of p- toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) in the solid state at room temperature as one pot. All the products are monitored by TLC and isolated by GC and furthermore confirmed by spectral analysis.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on the Correlation between C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Teeth with a ≥5 mm Periodontal Pocket in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between CRP levels and teeth with ≥5 mm PD in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods. We evaluated 49 patients with chronic periodontitis who visited the Department of Periodontology at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital. At the first visit, high-sensitive CRP testing of venous blood samples was performed, and correlations were statistically evaluated. Results. The mean hs-CRP level of patients diagnosed with severe periodontitis was 2.0 mg/L (0.13–13.95 mg/L). Statistically, patients with a high rate of teeth diagnosed with severe periodontitis are more likely to have higher hs-CRP level. Conclusion. Within the limits of this study, the number and proportion of teeth showing ≥5 mm PD was positively correlated with CRP concentration.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
A Game Theoretic View of Value Destruction in Entrepreneurial Alliances: A Revelatory Case Study

Extant research on alliances shows that over half of the alliances fail over time, however, literature on alliance dynamics has focused primarily on value creation in the context of established firms. The literature assumes fairy tale endings ignoring opportunism and agency issues that are inherent in asymmetric alliances such as ones between entrepreneurial firms and an incumbent. We build on the premise that these issues create friction between unequal partners resulting in sub-optimal relationships, lead to value destruction and entrepreneurial alliance failure. Drawing on agency and game theories, we begin with assumptions of prisoner’s dilemma and information asymmetry. Using a revelatory case study of the relationship between entrepreneurial firms and an incumbent ERP vendor, we reveal opportunistic hazards and delineate mechanisms that go beyond the payoffs of prisoner’s dilemma and drive the partnerships toward failure. We develop a theoretical rationale for sub-optimal relationships and subsequent ‘falling apart’ as evidenced in majority of alliances. Our study reveals different combinations of payoffs and highlights contingent factors that influence such payoffs. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of entrepreneurial firms’ opting for certain payoffs over others and subsequent loss of value in asymmetric entrepreneurial alliances.

Topic: Business Strategy and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A data-driven optimization heuristic for downside risk minimization

In practical portfolio choice models risk is often defined as value-at-risk (VAR), expected shortfall, maximum loss, Omega function, etc, and is computed from simulated future scenarios of the portfolio value. It is well known that the minimization of these functions cannot, in general, be performed with standard methods. We present a multipurpose data-driven optimization heuristic capable of dealing efficiently with a variety of risk functions and practical constraints on the positions in the portfolio. The efficiency and robustness of the heuristic is illustrated by solving a collection of real-world portfolio optimization problems using different risk functions such as VAR, expected shortfall, maximum loss and Omega function with the same algorithm.

Topic: Risk and Portfolio Optimization
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Thiacalix[4]arene Etching of an Anisotropic Cu<sub>70</sub>H<sub>22</sub> Intermediate for Accessing Robust Modularly Assembled Copper Nanoclusters

Atom-precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with large bulk (nuclearity >60) are important species for insight into the embryonic phase of metal nanoparticles and their top-down etching synthesis. Herein, we report a metastable rod-shaped 70-nuclei copper-hydride NC, [Cl@Cu<sub>70</sub>H<sub>22</sub>(PhC≡C)<sub>29</sub>(CF<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>16</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (<b>Cu</b><sub><b>70</b></sub>), with Cl<sup>-</sup> as the template, in which the Cl@Cu<sub>59</sub> kernel adopts a distinctive metal packing mode along the bipolar direction, and the protective ligand shell exhibits corresponding site differentiation. In terms of metal nuclearity, <b>Cu</b><sub><b>70</b></sub> is the largest alkynyl-stabilized Cu-hydride cluster to date. As a typical highly active intermediate, <b>Cu</b><sub><b>70</b></sub> could undergo a transformation into a series of robust modularly assembled Cu clusters (<b>B</b>-type <b>Cu</b><sub><b>8</b></sub>, <b>A-A</b>-type <b>Cu</b><sub><b>22</b></sub>, <b>A-B</b>-type <b>Cu</b><sub><b>23</b></sub>, and <b>A-B-A</b>-type <b>Cu</b><sub><b>38</b></sub>) upon etching by <i>p</i>-<i>tert</i>-butylthiacalix[4]arene (H<sub>4</sub>TC<sub>4</sub>A), which could not be achieved by "one-pot" synthetic methods. Notably, the patterns of <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> blocks in the Cu NCs could be effectively modulated by employing appropriate counterions and blockers, and the modular assembly mechanism was illustrated through comprehensive solution chemistry analysis using HR-ESI-MS. Furthermore, catalytic investigations reveal that <b>Cu</b><sub><b>38</b></sub> could serve as a highly efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of propargylic amines with CO<sub>2</sub> under mild conditions. This work not only enriched the family of high-nuclear copper-hydride NCs but also provided new insights into the growth mechanism of metal NCs.

Topic: Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identifiability of nonparametric mixture models and Bayes optimal clustering

Motivated by problems in data clustering, we establish general conditions under which families of nonparametric mixture models are identifiable, by introducing a novel framework involving clustering overfitted \emph{parametric} (i.e. misspecified) mixture models. These identifiability conditions generalize existing conditions in the literature, and are flexible enough to include for example mixtures of Gaussian mixtures. In contrast to the recent literature on estimating nonparametric mixtures, we allow for general nonparametric mixture components, and instead impose regularity assumptions on the underlying mixing measure. As our primary application, we apply these results to partition-based clustering, generalizing the notion of a Bayes optimal partition from classical parametric model-based clustering to nonparametric settings. Furthermore, this framework is constructive so that it yields a practical algorithm for learning identified mixtures, which is illustrated through several examples on real data. The key conceptual device in the analysis is the convex, metric geometry of probability measures on metric spaces and its connection to the Wasserstein convergence of mixing measures. The result is a flexible framework for nonparametric clustering with formal consistency guarantees.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Ethical Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas: A Phenomenological Approach to Cormac McCarthy’s The Road

Contents: Chapter 1: Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and the Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas Chapter 2: Proximity, Justice, and Memory: Elements to Rebuild an Ethical Society Chapter 3: Violence in The Road: The Face, Killing, and Freedom Chapter 4: Investigating God and the Other in McCarthy’s The Road Chapter 5: Engaging the Other: Exploring Language in The Road

Topic: Modern American Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Interlocked host structures for anion recognition and metal nanoparticles for catalysis and sensing applications

This thesis describes the synthesis and anion recognition properties of a variety of interlocked host receptors and the application of metal nanoparticles in the areas of catalysis and sensing. <b>Chapter One</b> introduces the field of anion supramolecular chemistry, with particular emphasis on areas relevant to the research discussed in later chapters. Following this, the synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles are outlined. <b>Chapter Two</b> details the synthesis of a range of halo-triazolium based rotaxanes and explores the effects of altering both the halogen bond donor atom and degree of preorganisation on the anion recognition properties of the interlocked host system. A halogen bond containing catenane is also prepared and its anion binding properties investigated. <b>Chapter Three</b> initially reports the anion-templated synthesis of a series of neutral pyridine <em>N</em>-oxide axle containing rotaxanes before their ability to recognise anions in aqueous solvent mixtures is studied. Attempts to enhance anion binding through the incorporation of a positive charge into the macrocyclic component of the rotaxane structure are also explored. <b>Chapter Four</b> outlines the preparation of <em>β</em>-cyclodextrin functionalised metal nanoparticles and investigations of their catalytic and sensing properties. <b>Chapter Five</b> describes in detail the synthetic and analytical procedures discussed in chapters two to four. <b>Chapter Six</b> summarises the conclusions of this thesis.

Topic: Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE PERCEPTION OF PREPARATORY STUDENTS OF THE RISK OF CONTRACTING HUMAN IMMUNO-DEFICIENCY VIRUS AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN ADAMA, EASTERN SHOWA, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA.

This study explored preparatory students’ perceptions of the risk of contracting the&#13;\nHuman Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in&#13;\nEthopia. It utilised a non-experimental exploratory survey methodology. A range of&#13;\nfindings was revealed. Most respondents (67.14%) were knowledgeable about&#13;\nHIV/AIDS and more than half of the respondents knew about STIs. A significant number&#13;\nof respondents (67.1%) were able to describe HIV transmission prevention methods.&#13;\nTwenty one percent of respondents were sexually active and 17.0% of these reported to&#13;\nhave used condoms. Twenty nine percent and 4.25% of the respondents had selfperceived&#13;\nrisk of contracting HIV infection and STIs respectively. In spite of increased&#13;\nawareness of HIV/AIDS, school youths still engage in high-risk sexual activities and&#13;\nbelieve that they are unlikely to contract the disease. The study findings have&#13;\nimplications for practice, and recommendations are offered for further research

Topic: Cultural Identity and Representation
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences