jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of Podoplanin Immunohistochemistry Combined with the NanoSuit-Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy Method for Thoracic Malignant Tumors

Background/Objectives: Differentiating thoracic malignant tumors, such as epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma (EMPM) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), primarily comprising lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), remains a challenge in routine pathological diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether podoplanin (PDPN) immunohistochemistry combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) methods could serve as a reliable tool for distinguishing these thoracic malignancies. Methods/Results: Initially, PDPN expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in 11 EMPM, 100 LAC, and 23 LSCC cases. PDPN positivity was predominantly observed in the cell membrane and was significantly more frequent in EMPM (100%) than in LAC (2%; p &lt; 0.0001) or LSCC (43.5%; p = 0.0018). Subsequently, field emission–SEM (FE-SEM) observations of PDPN-positive sites on immunohistochemical slides, conducted using the NanoSuit-CLEM method, revealed distinctive ultrastructural features. EMPM exhibited densely packed, elongated microvilli, whereas such structures were absent in LAC and LSCC. Furthermore, analysis of thick-cut sections (20 μm) demonstrated extensive microvilli coverage characteristic of EMPM. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the combined approach of PDPN immunohistochemistry and FE-SEM observation of PDPN-positive sites, using the NanoSuit-CLEM method, constitutes an effective diagnostic strategy for enhancing the accuracy of distinguishing EMPM from NSCLCs.

Topic: Lymphatic System and Diseases
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of Symptom Remission on Outpatient Visits in Depressed Primary Care Patients Treated with Collaborative Care Management and Usual Care

Depression symptoms contribute to significant morbidity and health care utilization. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of symptom improvement (to remission) on outpatient clinical visits by depressed primary care patients. This study was a retrospective chart review analysis of 1733 primary care patients enrolled into collaborative care management (CCM) or usual care (UC) with 6-month follow-up data. Baseline data (including demographic information, clinical diagnosis, and depression severity) and 6-month follow-up data (Patient Health Questionnaire scores and the number of outpatient visits utilized) were included in the data set. To control for individual patient complexity and pattern of usage, the number of outpatient visits for 6 months prior to enrollment also was measured as was the presence of medical comorbidities. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that clinical remission at 6 months was an independent predictor of outpatient visit outlier status (&gt;8 visits) (odds ratio [OR] 0.609, confidence interval (CI) 0.460–0.805, P &lt;0.01) when controlling for all other independent variables including enrollment into CCM or UC. The OR of those patients not in remission at 6 months having outpatient visit outlier status was the inverse of this at 1.643 (CI 1.243–2.173). The most predictive variable for determining increased outpatient visit counts after diagnosis of depression was increased outpatient visits prior to diagnosis (OR 4.892, CI 3.655–6.548, P &lt;0.01). In primary care patients treated for depression, successful treatment to remission at 6 months decreased the likelihood of the patient having more than 8 visits during the 6 months after diagnosis. ( Population Health Management 2014;17:180–184)

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A METALLURGICAL EVALUATION OF TWO AAR M128 STEEL TANK CAR HEAD PLATES USED IN SWITCHYARD IMPACT TESTS

The National Bureau of Standards correlated the mechanical properties and metallurgical characteristics of two steel head plate samples taken from tank cars subjected to switchyard impact tests. This metallurgical evaluation included determining whether the samples conformed with the appropriate specifications and to determine the impact test behavior of both plate samples. The results of check chemical analyses and ambient-temperature tensile tests indicated that both plates met the chemical, tensile strength, and tensile ductility requirements of AAR M128 steel. The results of metallographic analyses of both plates revealed extensive banding with alternate layers of ferrite and pearlite, typical of carbon-manganese steel in the hot-rolled condition. One sample also contained a microstructural anomaly near the inside plate surface, possibly related to prior thermo/mechanical processing of the plate. The nil-ductility transition temperatures were determined to be -20F and -40F for the plates, similar to the lowest values reported for a group of tank car plate samples. The results of Charpy V-notch tests established that the transition temperatures of these two plates are similar to one another, and are among the lowest of those measured for all other tank car plates tested at NBS. The comparatively low impact transition temperatures for both plates are related to the high manganese-to-carbon ratio and relatively fine ferrite grain size observed in the microstructures.

Topic: Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direction-changing positional nystagmus and lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Direction-changing positional nystagmus caused by a peripheral vestibular lesion (DCPN) can be classified into the geotropic and apogeotropic types, based upon the direction of horizontal nystagmus in the right ear down position and the left ear down position, and also paroxysmal and persistent types based upon the duration of horizontal nystagmus. The incidence of DCPNs was estimated and cases that converted from apogeotropic to geotropic DCPN were reported. During the course of 9 years and 5 months, 230 patients had DCPN. Among these, 90 patients had paroxysmal geotropic DCPN, 90 had persistent apogeotropic DCPN and 50 had persistent geotropic DCPN. In 90 cases with persistent apogeotropic DCPN, 59 cases (66%) converted to paroxysmal geotropic DCPN during the head roll test or after performing the barbecue rotation of 360° towards the healthy side. The pathophysiology was estimated that lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (canalolithiasis, the debris being located in the anterior part of the canal) changed to lateral semicircular canal BPPV (canalolithiasis, the debris being located in the posterior part of the canal). Furthermore, 2 cases of persistent apogeotropic DCPN that converted to persistent geotropic DCPN naturally without physiotherapy were also reported. To compare persistent apogeotropic DCPN and persistent geotropic DCPN in these cases, the directions of nystagmus were completely reversed in the right side down position and in the left side down position, and also reversed in the supine position and in the prone position, changing in the nearly sitting position. It was shown that both types of DCPN were identical with respect to the affected side and pathogenesis, but small differences or changes in the pathophysiology might lead to both types of DCPN. The pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying persistent apogeotropic DCPN and persistent geotropic DCPN remain unknown.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamic silicon firewall

Firewalls filter information as it flows through a network. This filter can be implemented in hardware or software and can be used to protect computers from unwanted access. While software firewalls are considered easier to set up and use, hardware firewalls are often considered faster and more secure. Absent from the marketplace is an embedded hardware solution applicable to desktop systems. Traditional software firewalls use the CPU of the computer to filter packets; this is disadvantageous because the computer can become unusable during a network attack when the CPU is swamped by the firewall process. Traditional hardware firewalls are usually implemented in a single location, between a private network and the Internet. Depending on the size of the private network, a hardware firewall may be responsible for filtering the network traffic of hundreds of clients. This not only makes the required hardware firewall quite expensive, but dedicates those financial resources to a single point that may fail. The dynamic silicon firewall project implements a hardware firewall using a soft-core processor with a custom peripheral designed using a hardware description language. Embedding this hardware firewall on each network interface card in a network would offer many benefits. It would avoid the aforementioned denial of service problem that software firewalls are susceptible to since the custom peripheral handles the filtering of packets. It could also reduce the complexity required to secure a large private network, and eliminate the problem of a single point of failure. Also, the dynamic silicon firewall requires little to no administration since the filtering rules change with the user's network activity. The design of the dynamic silicon firewall incorporates the best features from traditional hardware and software firewalls, while minimizing or avoiding the negative aspects of both.

Topic: Network Packet Processing and Optimization
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Status and Future of Sport Management: A Delphi Study

Ongoing debates about appropriate foci and growth of sport management research, application, theory, and training are evidence of the field’s growing pains. These growing pains also occur in other fields in which they function as a means to expand and elaborate the paradigms through which fields of inquiry grow and mature. In this study, a panel of 17 leading sport management scholars from around the globe responded to three iterations of a Delphi questionnaire probing their views about the status and future of the field. Panelists agreed that stronger research, additional cross-disciplinary research, a stronger link between theory and practice, enhanced infrastructure, and improved doctoral training are desirable objectives. They disagreed, however, about the appropriate academic home for sport management, what constitutes quality research, the roles of qualitative vs. quantitative research, and the relative value of basic vs. applied research. The results show that by actively engaging in debates over the issues identified in this study, sport management scholars can explore new ways of perceiving, thinking, and valuing that could enable proficient and constructive development of the field.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reproductive Biology of Tropical Lowland Rain Forest Trees. II. Pollination Systems

The reproductive biology of tree species of a tropical rain forest was investigated to determine the relative frequency and spatial distribution of different types of pollination mechanisms. Species pollinated by medium-sized to large bees were most frequent, followed by those pollinated by moths, small diverse insects and small bees, in that order. Almost one half the total species were found to have pollinators with wide foraging ranges. Species pollinated by various groups of pollinators were distributed non-randomly. The greatest diversity of pollination systems was found in the subcanopy. As compared to the subcanopy, pollination mechanisms in the canopy were monotonous, consisting primarily of species pollinated by bees and small diverse insects. The hummingbird- and sphingid moth-pollinated species were found mainly in the subcanopy. The factors underlying the non-random distribution of pollinators are discussed and the potential implications of such distribution on the forest structure are explored.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sicklepod (<i>Senna obtusifolia</i>) Control in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) with Imazaquin and Metribuzin Combinations

Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate sicklepod control with combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin at lower than normal use rates. Soybean was seeded in late-May to early-June each year and imazaquin and metribuzin were applied PPI alone at 0.75 and 1x and 0.5, 0.75, and 1x their registered rates, respectively, and in factorial combinations of their 0.5 and 0.75x rates. The registered (1x) rates for imazaquin and metribuzin on this soil type are 0.14 and 0.43 kg/ha, respectively. Several standard sequential treatments and flumetsulam + trifluralin PPI at 0.06 + 0.70 and 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha were included for comparison. Sicklepod control and soybean seed yield responses differed between 1993 and 1994. In 1993, the combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin averaged 90% control 6 wk after planting (WAP) and soybean seed yield increased 75% compared to the untreated check. Imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.5x rate was as effective as any treatment evaluated. In 1994, sicklepod control was generally lower with all treatments. Soybean seed yield was reduced due to sicklepod interference with soil-applied treatments alone. However, imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.75x rate provided sicklepod control levels and reductions in weed biomass similar to those observed with flumetsulam + trifluralin at 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha and the sequential treatments, and increased soybean seed yield 19% compared to the untreated check.

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SV40 Infection in Human Lymphocyte Cell Lines

The oncogenic DNA virus Simian virus 40 (SV40) was introduced into the human population as an inadvertent contaminant of polio vaccines that were prepared in cultures of primary monkey kidney cells. It is estimated that, as a result, millions of people worldwide were exposed to SV40 between the years 1955-1 963. Research indicates that the virus is still present in the human population today, based on the finding of neutralising antibodies and viral DNA sequences in children and adults. Of concern is that SV40 has also been detected in human tumours including primary brain cancer, malignant mesothelioma, bone tumours and systemic lymphomas. Recent studies have found a significant association of SV40 with certain types of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). However, the interaction between SV40 and lymphocytes has not yet been fully characterised. In this study, the characteristics of SV40 infections were evaluated in human B and T lymphocyte cell lines. Three strains of SV40 were compared: wild type 776-1E with a single enhancer, 776-2E with a duplicated enhancer and a micro RNA mutant virus, 776-2E-SM. Following infection, cell proliferation and viability, cell surface marker expression, viral large tumour antigen (T-ag) expression, and quantification of viral genomes were measured. The results showed increased B cell proliferation and cell activation as shown by the upregulation of CD69. Downregulation of CD80, a co-stitnulatory molecule, was also observed. T-ag expression was detected in a small percentage of B cells and RQ-PCR analysis showed maintenance of the viral genome in B cells during passage of the cultures. In all, these initial observations indicate that some human B lymphocyte cell lines are susceptible to SV40 infection. Viral maintenance and oncoprotein expression in lymphocytes may bear relevance to SV40 persistence in the host and the detection of the virus in human lymphomas.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pengaruh Mulsa Biodegradable Polypropylene dan Fungisida Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

This study aimed to determine the effect of using biodegradable polypropylene mulch and organic fungicide doses on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants. The research was conducted from 09 December to 02 March 2024 in the Cibungur Village Garden Land, Buniwangi Village, Surade District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province. This research used a Split Plot Design, which was arranged based on two treatment factors, factor 1, namely M0= control treatment, M1= polyethylene mulch, and M2= polypropylene mulch. Factor 2 is F0= control treatment, F1= 15 g, F2= 20 g, F3= 25 g, and there are 12 treatment combinations repeated three times, so there are 36 experimental units and consist of 2 plants, so there are 72 plants. The observation parameters were plant height, number of leaves, number of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plot, wet weight of fruit per plant, wet weight of fruit per plot, dry weight of fruit per plant, and dry weight per plot. The use of polypropylene mulch can significantly increase the growth of plant height, number of leaves, number of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plot, wet weight of fruit per plant, wet weight of fruit per plot, dry weight of fruit per plant and dry weight per plot. Giving a dose of 25 g can significantly increase the growth of plant height, number of leaves, number of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plot, wet weight of fruit per plant, wet weight of fruit per plot, and dry weight of fruit per plant. Dry weight per plant and dry weight per plot. There was a real interaction between biodegradable polypropylene mulch and a dose of 25 g organic fungicide on the wet fruit weight per plant and wet fruit weight parameters per plot.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
- Dairy Starter Cultures

Starter cultures have been used for centuries in the production and preservation of fermented dairy products. However, it was unknown until the nineteenth century that indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in raw milk were responsible for the coagulation of milk and cream ripening. The use of small portions of the coagulated milk as inoculum (back-slopping) for cheese or fermented milk manufacture purposes became the origin of the current starters, as this practice resulted in fermented products with valued/enhanced organoleptic properties. In 1890, Conn in the United States, Storch in Denmark, and Weigmann in Germany observed that pure cultures of Streptococcus lactis and/or Streptococcus cremoris (acid producers) prompted the production of good "avored butter. However, the traditional butter "avor was not achieved until 1919 when mixed cultures of acid producers and aroma producers (Streptococcus diacetilactis and Leuconostoc) were used by Hammer and Bailey (United States), Storch (Denmark), and de Vries (Holland). Diacetyl was identi…ed as the main butter aroma compound with citrate as its precursor (Michaelian et al. 1938).

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lymphocyte subpopulations in donovanosis assessed by monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulins.

The haematological profile and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of 36 patients with donovanosis were estimated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies. Concentrations of serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were also estimated. The total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts were generally raised, as were total T lymphocyte, T4, and T8 counts. Patients with the hypertrophic variant, however, had decreased numbers of T lymphocytes and T8 cells and increased B cells and IgG. B lymphocyte counts and IgM and IgG concentrations were raised generally.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression in Canine Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumours: Evidence of a Relationship with Tumoural Malignancy

MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression in Canine Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumours: Evidence of a Relationship with Tumoural Malignancy

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rubella-antibodies in school children.

A serological survey was carried out to determine the incidence of rubella antibodies in sera from 725 normal Danish school children aged 5-18. The children were randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Rubella antibodies were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study shows that immunity rose with increasing age of the children to a level of 85 percent in the age group 16-18 years. There was no significant difference between the sexes.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of utilitarian value and hedonic value on purchase in online store in Indonesia

Nowadays, Indonesia shopping patterns have significantly changed. E-commerce continues to grow rapidly as online shopping has become increasingly attractive. Online shopping saves time and offers convenience. This study was conducted in order to assess the impact of utilitarian and hedonic values on purchasing from online stores in Indonesia. The focus of the assessment was on five dimensions of hedonism and utilitarianism, which are: usefulness, enjoyment, ease of use, trustworthiness, and distribution channel (settlement). A total of 484 respondents were randomly asked to be participants. A questionnaire was the research instrument used to survey the participants for data gathering. The data was then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Among the indicators tested, it was found that usefulness, enjoyment, ease of use, and distribution channel impacted hedonic values and utilitarian values significantly. Trustworthiness was the dimension that was not significant. For this study, the hypothesis was made that usefulness and enjoyment positively impacted impulsiveness. It can be concluded that whether due to utilitarian, hedonic, or impulsive motives, it will not be a problem. Indonesian shoppers will make purchases thru online shopping even if they have different motivations and purposes.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
COURAGE Registry, s.v. "Colecția Noroc de la AOSPR Moldova"

This ad-hoc collection comprises a series of archival materials relating to the activity of the musical band Noroc (officially known as the Noroc Vocal-Instrumental Ensemble). This group of young musicians reached the peak of its popularity during the period 1968–1970. Noroc represented one of the most important examples of an alternative musical style and subculture not only in the Moldavian SSR, but also at the all-Union level. Its members practised an original genre mixing local folkloric elements and Western influences (mostly jazz, rock, and beat). Due to the ”subversive” character of their music, the band was dissolved by the Soviet Moldavian authorities in September 1970. The materials in this collection were selected from Fonds No. 51 (Fonds of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldavia), which is currently held in the Archive of Social-Political Organisations (AOSPRM) of the Republic of Moldova. These documents reflect the emergence of a mass youth subculture in the USSR in the late 1960s and the ideological constraints placed by the regime on such displays of an alternative lifestyle.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences