jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

Exercise has long been recognized as a cornerstone in the management of patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Over 70 years ago, Allen and others reported that acute bouts of exercise lowered the blood glucose concentration of persons with diabetes and improved glucose tolerance temporarily (1). Since that time, numerous studies have confirmed beneficial effects of exercise for the person with NIDDM. The potential benefits of exercise or even an increased level of habitual physical activity for persons with NIDDM are multiple, ranging from the prevention of diabetes to the treatment and management of diabetes. In addition, these benefits occur both in terms of both metabolic and cardiovascular parameters.

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Keratoacanthomas following definitive volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for skin field cancerization

We describe three cases of keratoacanthomas (KAs) following definitive volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for skin field cancerisation (SFC).One lesion arose on a back in an area that had received a total of 30.6 Gy in 17 fractions.It first became apparent at 24 days post RT and resolved without treatment by 150 days.The other arose on a nasal alar in the beam penumbra that received 36Gy in 25 fractions, appearing at 57 days and resolving without treatment by 85 days.A third case occurred in an immunosuppressed patient.She developed KAs in one of two areas irradiated with lesions appearing at 21 days post RT and finally resolving at 300 days despite acitretin.The area received a total dose of 41.4 Gy in 23 fractions.Spontaneous resolution of index KA confirmed the diagnosis in all cases.On average, the patients were 79 years of age, the area bearing the KA had received an average of 36Gy in 22 fractions.The average onset of the KAs was 24 days or 3.5 weeks or one month after RT, and always soon after reepithelization was completed.Resolution was at an average of 168 days or 24 weeks or 6 months after the completion of RT.In all three cases other lesions arose adjacent to them and, in each case, one of these other lesions was excised with histopathology confirming squamo-proliferative lesions.There has been no recurrence at least 6 months after the last follow up.To our knowledge these are the first three cases of KA described following definitive VMAT for SFC.The possibility of KA arising after RT does need to be considered during the consent process.

Topic: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What the HECM? Evaluating the Effect of Reverse Mortgages on Bequest and Budgetary Decision-Making in Retirement

Reverse mortgages (RM) are an increasingly attractive means for the largely cash-strapped but house-rich Baby Boomer generation to meet basic liquidity demands in retirement. Given the importance of bequest in life-cycle models of wealth generation, though, and the outsize role home equity plays in most Americans’ estates, reverse mortgages’ requirement that the borrower transfer his or her home to the lender at death could prove disruptive. I investigate the effect of RMs on seniors’ allocations across saving and consumption in retirement, and subsequent impacts on realized bequests. I find that the availability of RMs leads those who would get one to bequest 71% less than they would otherwise, even when accounting for savings financed by the new liquidity a reverse mortgage provides, and that those who would choose RM bequest 64% less than those who would not. I find additional implications for the most financially vulnerable, and that RM could exacerbate inequality among Millenials by singularly diminishing bequests among middle-class Boomers. Further, I find that the hypothetical event of Social Security trust fund insolvency would heighten each of these effects and increase RM take-up 27%.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
ZnS on Cu<sub>2</sub>Te quantum dots: preparation, characterisation, and optimisation of photocatalytic/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> process by response surface methodology

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic is used extensively and, is obtained to reasoninfluences neurologically on living microorganisms. In the present study, the photocatalyst/H2O2underUV light photo-degradation of Enrofloxacin was studied. In addition to that, ZnS on Cu2Tequantum dots was gathered via a simple synthesis method. The ZnS/Cu2Tenanocomposites were characterizedby dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopytothe evaluation of theoptical, and morphological properties.The Box-Behnken design method was used for Experiments optimizationusing response surface methodology (RSM). Several factors like ZnS/Cu2Teconcentration, H2O2concentration, and initial pH on the optimisation ofEnrofloxacinphoto-degradation were evaluatedwiththe polynomial regression method. At optimum process factors (ZnS/Cu2Te: 50 mg/L, H2O2: 100 mg/L, and pH: 6), the Enrofloxacinphoto-degradation was achieved 84.58% during 40 min as process time.The photo-degradationanalyzed for severaldecompositionprocesseslike as, H2O2, UV/H2O2, UV+ZnS/Cu2Te, and UV+ZnS/Cu2Te+H2O2 were carried out at the optimum factors. In this study,the Statistical evaluation was carried out for the optimisation of photo-degradation processes for the removalof pharmaceutical wastewater.

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surface Enrichment by Conventional and Polymerizable Sulfated Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Emulsifiers in Water-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

Comparisons of properties are made for pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) generated via emulsion polymerization using both conventional and reactive emulsifiers. The emulsifiers are ammonium salts of sulfated nonylphenol ethoxylates with similar chemical structures and hydrophilic–lipophilic balances. The polymerizable surfactant possesses a reactive double bond at its phenyl ring allowing for participation in free-radical polymerization reactions. Incorporation of the polymerizable surfactant into the adhesive polymer was confirmed via reverse-phase liquid chromatography. Surfactant distributions in PSA films were characterized using confocal Raman microscopy and contact angle measurements. Increasing conventional surfactant concentrations in emulsion polymerization reactions resulted in proportional increases in concentrations at the surfaces of latex-cast films. No surface enrichment of adhesive films was observed when reactive emulsifiers were employed. Variations in measured depth profiles and contact angles are consistent with observed performance properties, for example, tack, peel strength, and shear times. Increasing concentrations of conventional surfactants decreased adhesive performance, while adhesives generated with polymerizable surfactants showed little or no such decreases in film performance properties. It is concluded that the polymerizable surfactant is bound in the adhesive in such a way that its migration to film surfaces during drying and formation is inhibited, preventing degradation of adhesive performance.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Subfield: Bioengineering
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synergistic Effects of Dietary Protein and Vitamin E Intake on Reducing Metabolic‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease Risk: Insights From <scp>NHANES</scp> [2017–2023] and Mendelian Randomization Study

ABSTRACT Nutritional intervention plays a pivotal role in managing metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but the combined effect of protein and vitamin E on MAFLD remains indistinct. This study sought to evaluate the synergistic effects of these nutrients on MAFLD. This study enrolled 14,489 participants from the NHANES database. MAFLD was defined by liver fat accumulation and metabolic syndrome components. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline modeling, and internal validation were applied to assess the dose–response and joint effects of protein and vitamin E, with gender stratification to explore effect heterogeneity. A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was utilized to probe the causality between α‐tocopherol and protein intake with MAFLD. Intake levels of protein and vitamin E were significantly reduced in individuals with MAFLD compared to the non‐MAFLD group (All p &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that combined intake of high protein (&gt; 0.82 g/kg/d) and vitamin E (&gt; 0.140 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the risk of MAFLD by 72% (OR = 0.280, 95% CI: 0.244–0.320, p &lt; 0.001), outperforming the high intake of either nutrient alone; internal validation further confirmed the robustness of the model. Sex‐stratified analysis indicated that elevated intake of protein and vitamin E was associated with a significantly decreased risk of MAFLD in both males and females. MR analysis confirmed that high α‐tocopherol was causally related to a lower risk of MAFLD (IVW OR = 0.871, 95% CI: 0.780–0.973, p = 0.015). Although the causality between protein intake and MAFLD was not statistically significant, further analysis indicated that protein intake–associated genetic variants may influence MAFLD through the regulation of carbonic anhydrase 11 expression. This study revealed that combined intake of protein and vitamin E exerts a synergistic protective effect against MAFLD, with gender‐specific effects. It provides translational medical evidence for developing nutrient‐combination‐based therapeutic strategies for MAFLD.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Perceptual Mapping for Agricultural Marketing Research: Concept and Methodologies

In the agriculture the focus was more on the production of commodity than marketing of it. In the wake of the focus on doubling the income of farmers one of the strategies can be the direct marketing of the produce. It may be possible through the market research, which previously had been in use at very nominal rate, but at present we have systematic market research technique and methodology for market positioning and for the formulation of suitable strategies for the farmers. One of the suitable and systematic marketing research techniques is perceptual mapping. Perceptual maps are often used in marketing to visually study relations between two or more attributes the process of making perceptual map is perceptual mapping. However, in many perceptual maps published in the recent literature it remains unclear what is being shown and how the relations between the points in the map can be interpreted or even what a point represents. The term perceptual map refers to plots obtained by a series of different techniques, such as principal component analysis, (multiple) correspondence analysis, and multidimensional scaling, each needing specific requirements for producing the map and interpreting it. Some of the major flaws of published perceptual maps are omission of reference to the techniques that produced the map, non-unit shape parameters for the map, and unclear labelling of the points. To facilitate this, a small set of simple icons that indicate the rules for correctly interpreting the map. We present several examples, point out flaws and show how to produce better maps.

Topic: Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial and temporal foraging patterns of Queensland fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), for protein and implications for management

Abstract Fruit flies require protein for reproductive development and actively feed upon protein sources in the field. Liquid protein baits mixed with insecticide are used routinely to manage pest fruit flies, such as Bactrocera tryoni ( Froggatt ). However, there are still some gaps in the underpinning science required to improve the efficacy of bait spray technology. The spatial and temporal foraging behaviour of B. tryoni in response to protein was investigated in the field. A series of linked trials using either wild flies in the open field or laboratory‐reared flies in field cages and a netted orchard were undertaken using nectarines and guavas. Key questions investigated were the fly's response to protein relative to: height of protein within the canopy, fruiting status of the tree, time of day, season and size of the experimental arena. Canopy height had a significant response on B. tryoni foraging, with more flies foraging on protein in the mid to upper canopy. Fruiting status also had a significant effect on foraging, with most flies responding to protein when applied to fruiting hosts. B. tryoni demonstrated a repeatable diurnal response pattern to protein, with the peak response being between 12:00–16:00 h. Season showed significant but unpredictable effects on fruit fly response to protein in the subtropical environment where the work was undertaken. Relative humidity, but not temperature or rainfall, was positively correlated with protein response. The number of B. tryoni responding to protein decreased dramatically as the spatial scale increased from field cage through to the open field. Based on these results, it is recommend that, to be most effective, protein bait sprays should be applied to the mid to upper canopies of fruiting hosts. Overall, the results show that the protein used, an industry standard, has very low attractancy to B. tryoni and that further work is urgently needed to develop more volatile protein baits.

Topic: Insect behavior and control techniques
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
δ-clusters: capturing subspace correlation in a large data set

Clustering has been an active research area of great practical importance for recent years. Most previous clustering models have focused on grouping objects with similar values on a (sub)set of dimensions (e.g., subspace cluster) and assumed that every object has an associated value on every dimension (e.g., bicluster). These existing cluster models may not always be adequate in capturing coherence exhibited among objects. Strong coherence may still exist among a set of objects (on a subset of attributes) even if they take quite different values on each attribute and the attribute values are not fully specified. This is very common in many applications including bio-informatics analysis as well as collaborative filtering analysis, where the data may be incomplete and subject to biases. In bio-informatics, a bicluster model has recently been proposed to capture coherence among a subset of the attributes. We introduce a more general model, referred to as the /spl delta/-cluster model, to capture coherence exhibited by a subset of objects on a subset of attributes, while allowing absent attribute values. A move-based algorithm (FLOC) is devised to efficiently produce a near-optimal clustering results. The /spl delta/-cluster model takes the bicluster model as a special case, where the FLOC algorithm performs far superior to the bicluster algorithm. We demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the /spl delta/-cluster model and the FLOC algorithm on a number of real and synthetic data sets.

Topic: Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eleutherococcus senticosus: Studies and effects*

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal sup-plements in the world. It is a plant widely used in folk and traditional medicines for cardiovascular, immune, nervous and endocrine systems, and according to the researchers, it has the ability to increase the non-specific resistance state, which characterizes it as an adaptogenic substance. There are different species of ginseng, such as the American, Chinese, Korean and Japanese ginseng; the Korean species (Panax ginseng) is being used for thousands of years as a tonic, prophylactic and “restorative ” agent, with power-

Topic: Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Counting glomeruli in human kidney specimens without contrast agents using ex vivo MRI at 16.4 T

Motivation: Glomerular number provides important insight into kidney function. The reference stereology method for glomerular counting is labour-intensive and time consuming, and the current MRI method for glomerular counting is hard to perform as it requires perfusion of contrast agents into the kidney. Goal(s): Our goal is to develop a microimaging method at 16.4 T for counting glomeruli ex vivo, without contrast agents. Approach: Nephrectomy samples were imaged at 30 μm and an automated blob detection method was implemented to count the glomeruli. Results: Our results showed that glomeruli can be identified on the MRI, and glomerular counts from MRI and stereology were similar. Impact: For the first time, we showed that MRI without contrast agents can be used to visualise glomeruli in human kidney specimens. Our approach required minimal handling with the tissues remaining intact post MRI, allowing easy transportation and further experiments.

Topic: MRI in cancer diagnosis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What Students Expect May Have More Impact Than What They Know or Feel

Researchers of educational technologies are often asked to do the impossible: make students learn and have them enjoy it. These two objectives, though not mutually exclusive, are frequently at odds with each other. Effective learning strategies require active knowledge use on the part of the student. Meanwhile, students typically seek to learn through the path of least effort. This can cause conflict during system interaction, and it is often the case that attitudes toward the learning environment suffer. The current study indicates that students' prior expectations of what technology can (or cannot) do may actually have a greater impact than their initial level of motivation, previous domain knowledge, and familiarity with technology, combined. Knowing these prior expectations may be a crucial step to help researchers perform the impossible.

Topic: Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Temperature, Thickness, and Working Time on Adhesive Properties

The need for lightweight components and non-destructive fastening techniques has led to the growth of adhesive use in many industries. Modeling the behavior of adhesives in fastening joints can help in the design process to make an optimized joint. To optimize joints in the design process, the loading conditions, environmental conditions of service, thickness of bond, and bonding procedures all need to be refined for the adhesive of interest. However, in available technical data sheets of adhesives provided by manufactures there is a gap in what is sufficient to accurately model and predict the behavior of real-world adhesive conditions. This body of research presents the results of the effects of temperature, thickness, and working time on adhesive properties. These effects can be observed with test specimens from the loading modes of interest. The loading modes of interest are mode I and mode II loading for the current study. The specimen for mode I loading is the Double Cantilever Beam, and for mode II loading is the Shear Loaded Dual Cantilever Beam. The effect of temperature will be tested by testing each specimen at −20°C, 20°C, and 40°C. Two bond thicknesses for adhesive thickness effects were tested. The working time had a control group bonded in the recommended working time and an expired working time group where the specimens were not joined until 10 minutes had passed from the recommended working time. Triplicates of each specimen at the respective conditions were tested. The adhesive selected for this research was Plexus MA832. The results of the experiment show that adhesive factors such as temperature, thickness, and working time can have degrading effects on adhesive performance in mode I and mode II.

Topic: Mechanical Behavior of Composites
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Character identification by maximizing the difference between target and non-target responses in EEG without sophisticated classifiers

We propose a simple character identification method demonstrated by using an electroencephalogram (EEG) with a stimulus presentation technique. The method assigns a code maximizing the minimum Hamming distance between character codes. Character identification is achieved by increasing the difference between target and non-target responses without sophisticated classifiers such as neural network or support vector machine. Here, we introduce two kinds of scores reflecting the existence of the P300 component from the point of time and frequency domains. We then applied this method to character identification using a 3 × 3 matrix and compared the results to that of a conventional P300 speller. The accuracy of character identification with our method indicated a performance of 100% character identification from five subjects. In contrast, the correct character was detected in two subjects and a wrong one was detected for one subject. For the remaining two subjects, no character was detected within ten trials. Our method required 4.8 trials on average to detect the correct character.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
<scp>SLUSH</scp> peptides of the <scp>PSMβ</scp> family enable <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> to use erythrocytes as a sole source of nutrient iron

Abstract During infection, the host employs nutritional immunity to restrict access to iron. Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been recognized for its ability to utilize host‐derived heme to overcome iron restriction. However, the mechanism behind this process involves the release of hemoglobin from erythrocytes, and the hemolytic factors of S. lugdunensis remain poorly understood. S. lugdunensis encodes four phenol‐soluble modulins (PSMs), short peptides with hemolytic activity. The peptides SLUSH A, SLUSH B, and SLUSH C are β‐type PSMs, and OrfX is an α‐type PSM. Our study shows the SLUSH locus to be essential for the hemolytic phenotype of S. lugdunensis . All four peptides individually exhibited hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes, but synergism with sphingomyelinase was observed exclusively against sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that SLUSH is crucial for allowing the utilization of erythrocytes as the sole source of nutritional iron and confirm the transcriptional regulation of SLUSH by Agr. Additionally, our study reveals that SLUSH peptides stimulate the human immune system. Our analysis identifies SLUSH as a pivotal hemolytic factor of S. lugdunensis and demonstrates its concerted action with heme acquisition systems to overcome iron limitation in the presence of host erythrocytes.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences