jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability for seed oil content and seed index in some wild species and perennial races of cotton

Abstract A 3‐year study was made on genetic variability of seed oil content and seed index with 20 wild species, two cultivated species and six perennial races of Gossypium arboreum cotton maintained at the Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India. The mean seed oil content varied from 10.26 to 22.89% in 22 species of Gossypium and six races of G. arboreum. In this material the weight of delinted seed varied from 43.33 to 54.54 mg/seed. The highest seed oil content was recorded in the species G. lobatum followed by G. harknessii. On average, for both traits, the means were higher for G. arboreum and its races. However, G. africanum and G. harknessii reached the level of G. arboreum and its races for seed weight, while five wild species surpassed the best races and G. arboreum in seed oil content, among them was G. harknessii. To breed simultaneously for seed oil content and seed weight, crosses between races of G. arboreum and wild species of Gossypium seem to be promising.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Chilling on Membrane Related Functions of Platelets

The effect of short‐term exposure of human platelets to 4C was studied with respect to membrane structure and function. The distribution of membrane polypeptides and glycopeptides analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed no difference in chilled, fresh or room‐temperature stored platelets. Similarly unaffected by chilling were Na + flux and glutathione content. The electrophoretic mobility of cold‐exposed platelets was significantly lower than that of fresh or room‐temperature exposed platelets. The uptake of 45 Ca ++ was well preserved when platelets were stored for up to four hours at 4 C but showed a marked decrease at 22 C. The contractile response of platelets to hypotonic stress decreased rapidly on chilling concomitant with the length of exposure to cold temperature. These findings extend the known cold‐induced changes in platelets to include membrane structure and function.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Unsteady Flow in a Supersonic Turbine with Variable Specific Heats

Modern high-work turbines can be compact, transonic, supersonic, counter-rotating, or use a dense drive gas. The vast majority of modern rocket turbine designs fall into these Categories. These turbines usually have large temperature variations across a given stage, and are characterized by large amounts of flow unsteadiness. The flow unsteadiness can have a major impact on the turbine performance and durability. For example, the Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) fuel turbine, a high work, transonic design, was found to have an unsteady inter-row shock which reduced efficiency by 2 points and increased dynamic loading by 24 percent. The Revolutionary Reusable Technology Turbopump (RRTT), which uses full flow oxygen for its drive gas, was found to shed vortices with such energy as to raise serious blade durability concerns. In both cases, the sources of the problems were uncovered (before turbopump testing) with the application of validated, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the designs. In the case of the RRTT and the Alternate Turbopump Development (ATD) turbines, the unsteady CFD codes have been used not just to identify problems, but to guide designs which mitigate problems due to unsteadiness. Using unsteady flow analyses as a part of the design process has led to turbine designs with higher performance (which affects temperature and mass flow rate) and fewer dynamics problems. One of the many assumptions made during the design and analysis of supersonic turbine stages is that the values of the specific heats are constant. In some analyses the value is based on an average of the expected upstream and downstream temperatures. In stages where the temperature can vary by 300 to 500 K, however, the assumption of constant fluid properties may lead to erroneous performance and durability predictions. In this study the suitability of assuming constant specific heats has been investigated by performing three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes simulations for a supersonic turbine stage.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of the carbon nanotubes size and oxidative treatment on their optical properties

Optical properties of carbon nanotubes depend on their geometric dimensions, presence of defects and availability of functional groups; all this is important to consider when choosing carbon nanotubes for specific photo-thermal and other processes. The present study investigated temperature differences between colloidal suspensions under the influence of sunlight, due to the difference in the rate of photo-thermal transformation (as a result of optical absorption). It was found that as the size of carbon nanotubes decreased, the optical absorption increases and its peak shifted to the blue side. Oxidized carbon nanotubes demonstrated an increase in overall optical absorption compared to non-oxidized carbon nanotubes. The optical absorption peak corresponding to π-plasmon in oxidized and non-oxidized carbon nanotubes of the Taunit-M and Taunit types was at values of 1.96, 1.25 and 1.13, respectively. Also, the temperature of colloidal suspensions and the rate of their heating increased with a decrease in the size of carbon nanotubes. As a result of the research, the carbon nanotubes type most suitable for specific use in optical absorbing devices (such as solar collectors) was determined based on the carbon nanotubes ratio to the target electromagnetic spectrum.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimum injection timings for bioethanol-diesel blends and its effect on tail pipe emission in common rail diesel engine

computational study of a CRDI engine is carried out to examine the performance and tailpipe emissions the with bioethanol blended diesel fuel for various injection timing. The simulation ponders various bioethanol diesel blends (0-30 %), and for several injection timings from 21°– 33° BTDC in the interval of 3°CA, at ∼90MPa injection pressure. The k-ς-f model is used to simulate turbulence inside the cylinder. Combustion study is analyses is carried by using three zone extended coherent flame model. Equivalence ratio for all the cases of blends is kept constant and equal to the case of neat diesel (E0). Optimum injection timing (IT) is obtained for maximum indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) for bioethanol diesel blends operation. The maximum indicated thermal efficiency for E0, E10, E20 and E30 is found at 27°, 27°, 30° and 33° IT respectively. Significant increase in ITE of ∼5% is observed in the case of E30 compared to diesel (E0). Effect of IT on tail pipe emissions such as NO, soot and CO formation is also obtained. The results indicate that ignition delay increases and mean soot formation decreases with advancing the IT's. For all advanced IT higher in-cylinder peak pressure and temperature are observed. Obtained results are validated with available literature data and found a good agreement.

Topic: Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hydraulic performance of litchi and banana under drip irrigation

This chapter examines the utility of drip irrigation with cultivation of litchi and banana for evaluation of the temporal hydraulic variation in a drip irrigated fields. The irrigation uniformity is an important indicator for such evaluation. Besides the design of drip irrigation system, the knowledge of other drip hydraulic parameters such as the size of main line, sub main line and lateral and the capacity of used filtration and fertigation unit, the wetting front movement and the hydraulic performance depends upon the working condition of the system. The plant height of the litchi and banana trees was measured from the soil surface to the highest point of the crown with the help of wooden scale and/or measuring tape. The performance of the drip system for uniformity parameters was studied twice during the growth stages of both the litchi and banana field further it was correlated with the plant biometric parameters.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An automated wide-view imaging system of pathological tissue under optical microscopy

Optical microscopy imaging techniques have been found widespread applications in medicine because of its capability of identifying anatomic features of pathological tissue. For the purpose of diagnostic, the image should be obtained in a form of wide-view with ultra-high resolution which provide quantitative information about the tissue. However, due to the limitation of acquired pixel size and field of view in imaging camera, an overview of biological specimens may not be acquired directly using current devices. In this contribution, an automated imaging system of wide-view of optical microscopy of pathological tissue was presented. Our research also involves seeking the fast stitching algorithm to form a panorama of the whole pathological tissue. Digital pathological images were obtained using our new microscope system and these images were scanned in blocks. During image acquisition, overlapping regions were appeared between neighboring block images to avoid missing border details. The whole images acquired were then reconstructed as a panorama of the whole sample with our improved fast stitching methods. The feasibility and performance of our proposed method was compared with classical methods and modern keypoint detectors to validated in processing clinical pathological images and proved to be high efficient and accurate.

Topic: AI in cancer detection
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea in intensive care unit patients in Upper Egypt.

The rapid diagnosis of infectious diarrhea is lifesaving for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This study evaluated a commercially available multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (BioFire FilmArray) for the diagnosis of parasitic and bacterial infections in ICU patients with secretory diarrhea in comparison to other traditional methods. This cross-sectional study included 50 subjects with infectious diarrhea. Their stool samples were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examinations, concentration techniques, permanent staining techniques, stool culture, identification of bacterial infection by the Vitek 2 Compact 15 System, and molecular diagnosis of bacterial or parasitic infections by BioFire FilmArray multiplex PCR. Parasitological examination showed that the sensitivity and specificity of BioFire FilmArray multiplex PCR in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium oocysts were 83.33% and 100.0%, respectively compared with 100% and 92.5% in diagnosis of G. lamblia cysts. Bacteriological examination showed that the sensitivity and specificity of BioFire FilmArray multiplex PCR in the diagnosis of E. coli and salmonella were 100% and 100.0%, respectively. The BioFire FilmArray multiplex PCR gastrointestinal (GI) panel assay was more sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of bacterial infections than parasitic infections. The BioFire FilmArray multiplex PCR GI panel assay was less sensitive in the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts than traditional methods. In conclusion, the BioFire FilmArray multiplex PCR may be useful for rapid diagnosis of ICU patients with infectious diarrhea.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristics of tin oxide nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation technique in various concentrations of chitosan liquid and their potential application as an antibacterial agent

Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) have become a potential candidate as an antibacterial agent for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this present work, SnO2 NPs have been successfully synthesized in the chitosan liquid medium by using the pulse laser ablation method utilizing quite low energy Nd:YAG laser (30 mJ). The produced tin oxide nanoparticles were then applied as an antibacterial agent for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Experimentally, a pulse Nd:YAG laser beam is irradiated and focused on the surface of a high-purity tin metal plate placed at the bottom of the Petri dish that is filled with chitosan liquid medium. The effect of chitosan concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on the characteristics of produced SnO2 NPs was examined. The higher concentration of chitosan (0.2%) gains the smallest diameter size (15.05 nm) and lowest concentrations of produced tin oxide nanoparticles. The application of produced SnO2 NPs as the antibacterial agent was demonstrated using gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) utilizing disk diffusion technique. The result certified that increment of the SnO2 NPs concentrations (100, 125, and 150 ppm) increases the diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) both for E coli and B subtilis bacteria, which approve that the produced tin oxide nanoparticles can effectively be used as antibacterial agents for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Topic: Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Denitrohydrogenation of α‐Nitro or β‐Nitro Sulfides with Triethylsilane.

Abstract The denitrohydrogenation of α‐ or β‐sulfides such as (I), (V), (VII), and (IX) is achieved using triethylsilane in the presence of Lewis acids.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint

Introduction. Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is a rare injury. It occurs during a sports activity that includes rough twisting movements of the bent knee. The role of the proximal tibiofibular joint is to reduce torsional loads to the ankle, to distribute the bending moment of the outer side of tibia, and transfer the vertical load while standing. In the literature there is no larger series; only several cases of the proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation treated by different methods have been published so far. Case Report. A 23-year-old male soccer player sustained an injury after he had joined the game without previous warming-up. He fell on his right side because of a sudden change of direction while his foot was fixed to the base. He felt a severe pain and had a sensation as if something had snapped in his right knee. Pain and swelling at the head of fibula were found by physical examination, which, however, did not reveal any pain, swelling and instability of the ankle or peroneal nerve palsy. The x-ray showed anterolateral dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint, Ogden type II. Since manual reposition in general anesthesia failed, open reduction internal fixation was performed and proximal tibiofibular joint was transfixed with a screw. After the wound closure, the above-the-knee plaster cast was applied. The screw was extracted six weeks later, full weight bearing was allowed and he started with physical therapy. Four months after the injury he returned to sports activities. On the follow- up one year after the injury he had the full range of motion of the knee, no complains, and continued with active soccer playing. X-ray showed no signs of arthrosis of the proximal tibiofibular joint. Conclusion. The proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation may be the cause of the chronic pain of the knee so it has to be taken into account when making differential diagnosis in case of the pain at the lateral side of the knee. The key for making the accurate diagnosis is the technically correct X-ray of the injured knee compared with the opposite one, showing the displacement of fibular head. If manual reposition fails, open reduction internal fixation and screw transfixation of the proximal tibiofibular joint allow good results and fast return to sport activities.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The role of the referential component in teaching Russian as a foreign language (intermediary language)

The article discusses the role of referential component in teaching of Russian as a foreign language (intermediary language). It is set based on theoretical and empirical analysis. Conscious use of referential component in teaching Russian as a foreign language improves mastering and presentation of didactic material. Application of the results: education system

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Heterotopic osteogenesis of autogenous marrow stromal cells on ceramic bovine bone/ hydrogel scaffold].

The autogenous marrow stromal cells on the ceramic bovine bone /hydrogel scaffold can promote the heterotopic osteogenesis, and the combined use of rhBMP-2 and TGF-beta is better than the only use of rhBMP-2 or TGF-beta in promoting osteogenesis.

Topic: Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Negative Substance Use Consequences Associated With Noncondom Use Among Male, but Not Female, Alternative High School Students

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Alternative (or continuation) high schools are institutions designed for students at risk for not graduating due to behavioral, educational, or medical problems. The present study explored the relationship between negative substance use consequences (eg, having trouble at school or work) and noncondom use in this at‐risk population and whether these associations varied by sex. METHODS Participants (N = 1101; 62.9% Hispanic; M age = 16.85) were sampled from 24 alternative high schools in California, and data were analyzed using cross‐sectional multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS We observed a relationship between the number of negative substance use consequences and probability of noncondom use at the last sexual encounter for boys (p &lt; .001) but not girls (p &gt; .05). There were significant associations between specific social consequences (missing school/work) and dependence symptoms (selling personal items to get alcohol or drugs) with noncondom use for boys only. There was a similar association between substance use frequency and noncondom use for boys. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that substance use consequences may be a useful and advantageous indicator of risky sexual behaviors such as noncondom use for boys, but not girls, in alternative high school settings. Future research and intervention programming recommendations are discussed.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Research in Health-Emergency and Disaster Risk Management and Its Potential Implications in the Post COVID-19 World

Health-Emergency Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) is one of the latest academic and global policy paradigms that capture knowledge, research and policy shift from response to preparedness and health risk management in non-emergency times [...]

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Approximtely one third of cases of acute ischemic stroke are of undetermined etiology (cryptogenic). Among these cases, cardio embolic tend to be more severe than other causes. Transthoracic echocardiography is used as a standard imaging modality to study structural aspects of heart, however, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a better and much more yielding modality. The present study was carried out in a tertiary care multispecialty hospital to enumerate the findings on TEE in the patients undergoing TEE for “cryptogenic stroke.” Methods: This retrospective observational study was done at our echo lab based on the TEE data of the last 10 years. Sixty-one consecutive adult patients admitted under department of neurology with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and referred for TEE were included in the study. Results: Sixty one consecutive patients of cryptogenic acute ischemic stroke undergoing TEE were studied. Overall, 33% patients had grossly normal TEE findings. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was the commonest abnormal finding present in 36%, atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) in 18% and both PFO and ASA were present in 18%. No statistical difference was noted between young (0-50 years) and elderly patients (&gt;50 years) with respect to inter atrial septum abnormalities. Twenty eight percent had atheroma in descending aorta. Left atrial appendage clot or spontaneous echo contrast was present in 5% and vegetation was present in 5%. Conclusion: Dilated left atrium was present in 16% and left ventricular dysfunction was present in 18% of the patients. Our results reinforce the idea of a TEE examination in all patients of ischemic stroke which are not explained by routine clinical evaluation and transthoracic echo.

Topic: Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia after Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity

長野県立こども病院において、未熟児網膜症の光凝固治療後に発症した近視性不同視弱視8例を経験し、未熟児網膜症の光凝固治療が視力差に及ぼす影響とその視力予後について考察したので報告する。対象は、当院で未熟児網膜症に対して治療として両眼に光凝固のみが施行された66例中、近視性不同視弱視を発症した8例である。治療開始年齢(眼鏡装用開始年齢)は平均20.6ヶ月±12.9ヶ月、眼鏡装用開始時の弱視眼屈折度は平均-8.0D±2.88D、健眼屈折度は平均-2.86D±3.33D、不同視差は平均5.11D±1.51Dであった。弱視治療は調節麻痺下の屈折値を参考に、眼鏡の装用と健眼遮蔽を行なった。未熟児網膜症の光凝固治療が視力差に及ぼす影響として、光凝固治療時の活動期病変、瘢痕期の程度、治療回数、光凝固時の出力、総凝固数、凝固範囲、眼球が受けた総エネルギーを健眼と弱視眼で比較した結果、両者間に差はみられなかった。弱視眼最高視力は0.2～0.7で、内訳は0.3～0.4にとどまる症例が8例中6例と最も多かった。弱視眼視力は3歳位までは健眼視力の発達に遅れはするものの伸びているが、後半伸び悩む傾向がみられた。

Topic: Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplier selection in supply chain management: AHP approach. A case study in the PVM company’s carton supplier selection

This study aims to: (1) summarize the criteria for selecting suppliers in the supply chain management from literature review and apply of the found criteria to construct the criteria for selecting carton suppliers for PVM Company expanding export market, and (2) analyze and comparethe strategy offinding the new supplier or developing the existing supplier. The in-depth interviews with experts in supply chain management and AHP approach with the support of the Expert Choice software are used for data collection, data processing, evaluating and selecting supplier alternatives. The results show that there are 6 main significantcriteria in choosing carton suppliers for the PVM Company including: quality, cost, delivery, reliability, financial, service. Also, by this study, there are two suppliers, such as, BH Companyand TA Company. Finally, the analytical results suggest PVM Companyshould choose the BH Company as carton supplier for the PVM Company’s export market development.

Topic: Global Trade and Competitiveness
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences