jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Lateral Inflows Assessment Within a Real-Time Stage Monitoring Addressed to Flood Forecasting

The role of the lateral inflows component for an on-line stage forecasting model Muskingum based is investigated. In particular, the original empirical formulation is replaced by a physically based approach incorporating the error on lateral contribution that is updated using the stage observations available in real-time. The updating procedure for lateral inflows assessment is different depending on the weight of the lateral contribution in the downstream flood evolution. The model requires the estimation of four parameters if the downstream rating curve is unknown, otherwise only two parameters have to be determined. The accuracy of the new model formulation is tested by its application to different flood events observed along an equipped river reach of the Upper Tiber River basin, in Central Italy, characterized by a significant intermediate drainage area. Assuming the rating curve known at the downstream site, the forecast stage hydrographs are found in good agreement with the observed ones for all the investigated events and more accurate than those provided by the original model. A preliminary analysis has highlighted that the forecast reliability is not significantly affected by the rainfall spatial variability in the intermediate basin, whereas it is strictly linked to the ratio between the rainfall depth in the upstream and intermediate drainage area (RRI). Moreover, a threshold of RRI has been defined in order to identify the forecast stages which could be affected by a not negligible degree of uncertainty. On this basis, the proposed model can be conveniently employed as part of a real-time flood forecasting system involving the RRI continuous monitoring during critical storm events.

Topic: Flood Risk Assessment and Management
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Study of the New Development of the Optimal Adhesive System to Er:YAG-lased Dentin

With the ultimate aim of newly developing an optimal dentin bonding system to Er:YAG-lased dentin, the adhesion-promoting effects of priming with hydrophilic monomers on the bonding performance of the resin-modified glass-ionomer adhesive system （RMGI） to laser-affected dentin were investigated. It was revealed that priming with 4-MET and HEMA following acid-conditioning with 10％ citric acid＋2％ ferric chloride solution might be very effective for improving the bond strength of RMGI to Er:YAG-lased dentin.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP15K11138.

Topic: Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Challenges of Teaching English at Primary Level

Teaching English at primary level is a challenging task in most European countries. The opinions vary on when the instruction should start, which approaches and techniques work best at this level, what kind of outcomes are desirable as well as what kind evaluation process should be applied. Recent findings of research studies support early beginning on one hand, however, the results show that the instruction must have clear aims, otherwise it can be even contra productive. This article describes the situation in teaching English at primary level in Slovak schools. The author considers both benefits and constraints of introducing English language as a compulsory subject to primary education. The most serious concern is the lack of qualified teachers but at the same time the author underlines the lack of tried-and-tested experience which would be available to teachers. Even though there is an effort to help teachers become qualified for teaching at primary level there are many problematic issues concerning target group of teachers, especially the level of their language command. On the other hand the author appreciates the possibility to start teaching foreign languages to early language learners since there are a lot of benefits learners can gain. The author describes a case study where young learners involved in meaningful learning experience demonstrate how far such experience can take them.

Topic: Linguistic Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Supporting Pediatric Patients and Their Families during and after Intensive Care Treatment

This chapter shows how the observations and recommendations in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) literature are relevant to the provision of services for pediatric intensive care patients and their families. Two relevant models of service currently in use in pediatric settings are presented, illustrated with clinical examples. Models of care in pediatrics have traditionally been more family-focused than those in adult settings. In the acute stage of medical treatment in the pediatric ICU, the emphasis, from a psychological perspective, is primarily preventative and initially focused on parental reactions at a time when the child is usually too unwell or sedated to communicate with directly. As the child’s condition stabilizes, delirium and associated frightening experiences should be addressed. Children may cope better if provided an age-appropriate storybook explaining what has happened. In the longer term, it is important to speak to children directly about their critical illness experiences, and to monitor children’s and parents’ emotional reactions over time. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral and narrative therapies may be helpful.

Topic: Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Thyroid hormone responses to military winter exercises in the Arctic region.

The effects of military field exercises in the arctic on thyroid hormone concentrations were examined in Norwegian soldiers (n = 35). Originally the soldiers were divided into 4 groups having low (2 h) or high (6 h) levels of daily sleep, and low or high physical work requirements during the field exercises. The operations were three days of stimulated combat scenarios during winter. Day 1 consisted of 30 h without sleep. Sleep was then provided at approximately 18-22 h intervals thereafter. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to the exercises (BASELINE), during the exercises at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and at 24 h and 48 h of recovery from the exercises (REC1, and REC2). Hormonal analysis consisted of total (T) thyroxine (TT4), free (f) T4, total triidothyronine (TT3), fT3, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). No significant group interactions were observed therefore groups were pooled. However, main effects over time (i.e., days) were observed for all hormones (p < 0.001). TSH declined throughout the exercises, as did fT3. TT4, fT4, and TT3 increased in the first 24 to 48 h of the exercises, then progressively declined thought REC1. By REC2, TT4, fT4, and TSH showed trends towards returning to BASELINE levels, although recovery was not complete. The findings from this study demonstrates that thyroid hormone concentrations become reduced with as little as 72 h of military field operations in an arctic winter environment. However, short-term sleep deprivation and differing levels of physical work seem to have no major impact on the magnitude of the hormonal changes.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) gene expression. Sp1 binds through an inverted CACCC motif and regulates promoter activity in cooperation with Ets1.

We have previously shown that mutations in the GGAA core motif of the Ets1 binding site, EBSI, or deletion of EBSI, reduced basal and Tax1 transactivation of the PTHrP P2 promoter. Here we demonstrate that, in addition to EBSI, a CACCC-like motif located between -53 and -58 is required for full basal activity of this promoter in Jurkat T-cells. Site-specific mutations in the CACCC motif decreased promoter activity approximately 5-fold. In an effort to identify transcription factors that bind to the CACCC element, we found that purified human Sp1, as well as Sp1 in HeLa nuclear extract, can specifically bind to a DNA probe that corresponds to the PTHrP-specific sequence between -94 and -34. Gel shift competition studies and DNase I footprinting analyses revealed that Sp1 specifically interacts with the CACCC motif. In the presence of Ets1, the mobility of the Sp1-specific gel shift complex with the PTHrP DNA decreased. DNase I footprint analysis of this gel shift complex showed an extended footprint over both the Sp1 and the Ets1 binding site, demonstrating that Sp1 and Ets1 form a ternary complex with the PTHrP DNA. Cotransfection of an Ets1 and Sp1 expression vector into Drosophila Schneider cells demonstrated that Sp1 can functionally cooperate with Ets1 to transactivate the PTHrP promoter. We conclude from these data that Ets1 and Sp1 can cooperatively regulate PTHrP P2 promoter activity.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sensitivity analysis and shape optimization for preform design in thermo-mechanical coupled analysis

In complex forging processes, it is essential to find the optimal deformation path and the optimal preform shape that will lead to the desired final shape and service properties. A sensitivity analysis and optimization for preform billet shape in thermo-mechanical coupled simulation is developed in this work. Non-linear sensitivity analysis of temperatures, flow-stresses, strains and strain-rates are presented with respect to design variables. Both analytical and finite-difference gradients are employed to validate the effectiveness of sensitivity analysis developed in this work. Numerous iterations of coupled thermo-mechanical analysis are performed to determine an optimum preform shape based on a given criterion of minimizing the objective function on effective strain variance within the final forging. The design constraints are imposed on die underfill, material scrap, folding defects and temperatures. In addition, a method for material data processing is given in order to determine the flow stress and its derivatives. The shape optimization scheme is demonstrated with the preform designs of an axisymmetric disk and a plane strain problem. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Double Blind Channels Estimation for Interference Cancellation of Multicarrier Transmissions

This article deals with the simultaneous reception, in the same frequency band, of two OFDM symbols, received at the same power level and therefore interfering very strongly with each other. The receiver has only one antenna and no pilot signal is available. It is therefore necessary to estimate the two impulse responses of the two propagation channels in a completely blind manner and then to estimate the two transmitted symbol streams. The receiver knows the modulations used by the two sources and the two OFDM symbols received are synchronized with an uncertainty of the order of the size of the cyclic prefix of the waveform. The paper presents a 10-step algorithm that can separate the two signals and estimate the symbols transmitted by the two sources. The algorithm uses a set of methods ranging from higher orders statistics to iterative estimation and to self-deconvolution.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
When is Tenure Long Enough? A Historical Analysis of Superintendent Turnover and Tenure in Urban School Districts

The short tenure and frequent turnover of urban superintendents has been attributed to the growing unmanageability of urban school districts. This instability at the top is said to limit the prospects for sustained reform. In this article, we calculate the average tenure of urban superintendents since the turn of the century. Our research suggests that the tenure of superintendents has been decreasing, but not in a linear fashion and not as precipitously as is often reported in the press. We believe that a complex mix of environmental, local, and professional factors may help explain changes in tenure, but the causal and interactive relationships between them remains a mystery. Nevertheless, our findings suggest the longer-than-anticipated tenures raise questions about the relationship of "short tenures" and the problems facing urban school districts.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Improvement
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia associated to chronic active hepatitis.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome (ROWS) is an angiodisplasia characterized clinically by the presence of telangiectasias in the skin and mucosas, particularly on the face, conjunctivas, nose, pharynx and rarely on the thorax. Visceral involvement specially hepatic cirrhosis associated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae have been described. We describe a 7 10/12 years old girl with the diagnosis of ROWS associated with chronic active hepatitis with positive HBAg that evolved to hepatic cirrhosis. This is the second case of ROWS associated with chronic active hepatitis reported in the literature, being however, the first one described in the childhood.

Topic: Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Constrained Shape Preserving Rational Bi-Cubic Spline Interpolation

2 Abstract: This paper deals with problem of shape preserving interpolations for visualization of constrained data arranged on rectangular grid. The main focus of work is on the graphical display of constrained surface data in such a way that it is a smooth, pleasant as well as preserves the shape of data. A rational bi-cubic function has been developed for this aspiration. It involves twelve free parameters in its description. Data dependent sufficient constraints are derived for four of these free parameters to preserve the shape of data that lies above the plane while the remaining eight are left free for designer's choice to refine the constrained surface as desired. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is flexible, simple, local and economical in comparison with the existing schemes. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is interactive and smooth.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
God’s Country: The Mythic West Revisited

God's Country (1994) is narrated by Curt Marder, a white cowboy whose wife, Sadie, has been kidnapped —presumably by Indians. Curt decides to hire a black scout, Bubba, to guide him through the Wild West, hoping to find Sadie. The relationship between boss and former slave is reversed as Curt turns out to be a mean simpleton, and Bubba a genuine hero in an anti-western that resorts to mock epic mechanisms to develop into a sustained satire of white Americans. Custer's army consorts with uncouth, violent and racist drunks. The book, a take-off of the mythic West plays with words and discrepant situations, moves from hyperbole to understatement and uses parody and stereotypes to achieve a devastating comedy.

Topic: American Literature and Humor Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Realizable Unified RANS-LES and Dynamic LES Methods for Turbulent Flow Simulations

Existing LES methods face three basic problems: a huge variety of LES models are currently applied, dynamic LES methods are either very expensive or have to be combined with ow-dependent empirical stabilization techniques, and the cost of LES for wall-bounded ow simulations are way too high for most applications. Solutions for these three problems can be developed by deriving non-dynamic, dynamic, and uni ed LES methods on the basis of a consistent stochastic theory. This approach results in a hierarchy of realizable LES models, corresponding dynamic LES methods that overcome the stability problems of existing dynamic LES methods, and uni ed RANS-LES methods that provide a reduction of LES cost by a factor of 0:07 Re, which is huge for a high Reynolds number Re. The paper explains the theoretical background of the novel dynamic and uni ed LES methods based on stochastic analysis. Applications to several ows reveal the signi cant advantages of these methods in comparison to usually applied LES methods.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
concentrates

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVConcentratesNEXTconcentratesgovernmentCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 51, 25Publication Date (Print):December 16, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 16 December 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n051.p025Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (526 KB) SUBJECTS:Crops,Food,Food quality,Safety Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemistry and Stereochemistry Studies
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis--personal experience].

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is a rare entity with obscure etiology. A review of literature concerning clinical appearance, diagnostics and management of this condition is presented. Own material embraces a group of 7 children who have chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Mean follow-up was 2.5 years. On the basis of results achieved the authors believe this condition is of good prognosis and should be differentiated with chronic osteomyelitis and neoplastic changes.

Topic: Osteomyelitis and Bone Disorders Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fabrication and performance of AIN insulator coatings for application in fusion reactor blankets

The liquid-metal blanket concept for fusion reactors requires an coating on the first-wall structural material to minimize the magnetohydrodynamic pressure drop that occurs during the flow of liquid metal in a magnetic field. Based on the thermodynamics of interactions betwen the coating and the liquid lithium on one side and the structural V-base alloy on the other side, an AIN coating was selected as a candidate. Detailed investigations were conducted on the fabrication, metallurgical microstructure, compatibility in liquid Li, and electrical characteristics of AIN material obtained from several sources. Lithium compatibility was studied in static systems by exposing AIN-coated specimens to liquid Li for several time periods. Electrical resistance was measured at room temperature on the specimens before and after exposure to liquid Li. The results obtained in this study indicate that AIN is a viable coating from the standpoint of chemical compatibility in Li, electrical insulation, and ease of fabrication; for these reasons, the coating should be examined further for fusion reactor applications.

Topic: Fusion materials and technologies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
DNA Barcoding of Shark Meats Identify Species Composition and CITES-Listed Species from the Markets in Taiwan

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An increasing awareness of the vulnerability of sharks to exploitation by shark finning has contributed to a growing concern about an unsustainable shark fishery. Taiwan’s fleet has the 4th largest shark catch in the world, accounting for almost 6% of the global figures. Revealing the diversity of sharks consumed by Taiwanese is important in designing conservation plans. However, fins make up less than 5% of the total body weight of a shark, and their bodies are sold as filets in the market, making it difficult or impossible to identify species using morphological traits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the present study, we adopted a DNA barcoding technique using a 391-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene to examine the diversity of shark filets and fins collected from markets and restaurants island-wide in Taiwan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amongst the 548 tissue samples collected and sequenced, 20 major clusters were apparent by phylogenetic analyses, each of them containing individuals belonging to the same species (most with more than 95% bootstrap values), corresponding to 20 species of sharks. Additionally, &lt;i&gt;Alopias pelagicus, Carcharhinus falciformis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Isurus oxyrinchus,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Prionace glauca&lt;/i&gt; consisted of 80% of the samples we collected, indicating that these species might be heavily consumed in Taiwan. Approximately 5% of the tissue samples used in this study were identified as species listed in CITES Appendix II, including two species of &lt;i&gt;Sphyrna&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;C. longimanus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Carcharodon carcharias&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DNA barcoding provides an alternative method for understanding shark species composition when species-specific data is unavailable. Considering the global population decline, stock assessments of Appendix II species and highly consumed species are needed to accomplish the ultimate goal of shark conservation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Ichthyology and Marine Biology
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences