jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drainage of CEA and CA19-9 to the Peripheral Blood in Gastric Cancer Patient.

胃癌組織からのCEA, CA19-9の末梢血移行機序を解明する目的で, 術中に末梢血, 腫瘍還流静脈血 (以下, 還流血と略記), 門脈血の両腫瘍関連抗原を測定し, さらに原発巣, リンパ節の免疫組織化学的検討を行い以下の結果を得た.1) CEAは末梢血に比べ還流血, 門脈血で高値を示し, 特に肝転移陽性例では有意差 (p<0.05) を認めた.2) CEAは静脈侵襲と, CA19-9はリンパ管侵襲, リンパ節転移との関連性が推測された.3) 原発巣の局在様式がStromal typeにおいてCEA値は, 有意差はないものの末梢血に比べ還流血, 門脈血で高い傾向がみられた.4) リンパ節転移巣の染色陽性率は, CEAに比べCA19-9で高い染色性を認め, さらに末梢血CA19-9は, リンパ節転移巣の染色陽性例が陰性例に比べ, 有意 (p<0.05) に高値であった.以上より, CEAは還流血を介しての経門脈経路が, CA19-9はリンパ行性での胸管経路による末梢血移行機序が考えられた.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
55% PAE and High Power Ka-Band GaN HEMTs With Linearized Transconductance via $\hbox{n}+$ GaN Source Contact Ledge

We report small- and large-signal performances of 140-nm gatelength field-plated GaN HEMTs at Ka-band frequencies, in which the GaN HEMTs were fabricated with n+ source contact ledge. The parasitic channel resistance is reduced by ~ 50%, whereas the peak extrinsic transconductance is improved by 20% from 370 to 445 mS/mm. The GaN HEMTs with n+ source ledge exhibit improvement of maximum stable gain by at least 0.7 dB over reference devices without n+ ledge. At 30 GHz, CW output power density of 10 W/mm is measured with peak PAE of 40% and associated gain of 8.4 dB at Vds = 42 V. At Vds = 30 V, the output power density is measured as 7.3 W/mm with peak PAE of 50%, peak DE of 58%, and associated gain of 8.5 dB. The best PAE was measured as 55% at 5 W/mm at 30, 33, and 36 GHz, where the associated gains were 7.9, 7.6, and 8.2 dB, respectively.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spotting the key variables using Shainin’s Variables Search Design

In the quest for continuous quality improvement for both products and processes, design of experiments based on Shainin’s Variables Search is still playing a pivotal role among engineers and quality control practitioners. Briefly describes the Variables Search Designs formulated and promoted by Dorian Shainin for identifying the most critical variables which influence the process performance. In order to illustrate the potential of this powerful method, a simple paper helicopter experiment was carried out by the author. The results of the study have shown that Shainin’s Variables Search Design is a powerful tool for identifying the key process variables and therefore should be utilised by the engineering fraternity in manufacturing organisations as a problem‐solving tool.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Spectroscopic, Computational, Hirshfeld Surface, Molecular Docking Investigations on 1H-Indole-3-Carbaldehyde

1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde (1H-I3A) was investigated experimentally by NMR (1H-NMR and 13 C-NMR in solution form), FT-Raman, FT-IR, UV-Visible and quantum chemically by DFT approach. 3 D and 2 D surface analysis was carried by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The B3LYP method and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set were used to optimize the molecular structure and vibrational modes. Optimized binding parameters and experimental binding parameters are in good agreement. VEDA (Vibrational Energy Distribution analysis) successfully carried out and complete tasks for the distribution of potential energy. 1H-NMR and 13 C-NMR shifts were estimated with GIAO method and the results compared with experimental spectra. The TDDFT method and the PCM solvent model were used for the analysis of electronic properties such as UV-Vis (in the gas phase, methanol and DMSO) and compared with the experimental UV-Vis spectra. The HOMO/LUMO energy results underscore that sufficient charge transfer has taken place within the molecule. Studies of donor-acceptor connections were performed using NBO analysis. The MEP surface analysis was performed and charge distribution was demonstrated. The degree of relative localization of electrons was analyzed using the FLF diagram. The Fukui functional analysis to find possible points of attack for various substituents. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was created and 3-D color representation shows reactive sites. Study of donor-acceptor interconnections were done via NBO analysis. The biological study like molecular docking was done with 7 different receptors to find the best ligand-protein interactions and drug similarities.

Topic: Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Findings on the Biology and Ecology of the Ecuadorian Amazon Fungus Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis

Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis is a prolific wood-decay fungus inhabiting the forest floor of one of the most biodiverse places on earth, the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador. Basidiocarps and aerial rhizomorphs are commonly found growing on woody debris distributed along the floor of this forest ecosystem. Because of the extraordinary abundance of this fungus in the tropical rainforest, we carried out investigations to better understand the biological and ecological aspects contributing to its prolific distribution. Data on growth inhibition in paired competition studies with sixteen fungal isolates exemplifies defense mechanisms used to defend its territory, including pseudosclerotial plates and the development of a melanized rhizomorphic mat. Results of biomass loss on eleven types of tropical wood in microcosm experiments demonstrated the broad decay capacity of the fungus. In and ex situ observations provided information on how long rhizomorphs can prevail in highly competitive ecosystems as well as stressful conditions in the laboratory. Finally, high concentrations of metal ions occur on rhizomorphs as compared to colonized wood. Sequestration of metal ions from the environment by the melanized rhizomorphs may offer protection against competitors. The development of melanized rhizomorphs is key to find and colonize new substrates and resist changing environmental conditions.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Inter-domain and DoS-resistant call establishment protocol (IDDR-CEP)

VoIP security is a tricky issue in inter-domain open context where interconnection proxies are reachable from anywhere on the public Internet and may be the subject of DoS and SPIT attacks. This paper proposes a secure call establishment protocol designed for this context with a particular focus on DoS protection. The mechanism performs session key agreement in the signalling plane and can be integrated to SIP call establishment. It is based on symmetric cryptography algorithms and implicit transaction identifiers to protect against DoS attacks. We provide heuristic analysis of various security properties among which privacy and resistance to off-line passive attacks. The IDDR-CEP protocol is presented in a three party architecture but can be adapted to a two party architecture; it may also be adapted to non-VoIP applications.

Topic: IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacologic, Dietary, and Psychological Treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: Cost Utility Analysis

<b>Introduction.</b> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastroenterology referral and one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in primary care. We performed a cost-utility analysis of the most common treatments available in general practice for IBS with constipation (IBS-C), the most expensive IBS subtype. <b>Methods.</b> We developed a decision analytic model evaluating guideline-recommended and Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs, supplements, and dietary/psychological interventions. Model inputs were derived from “global symptom improvement” outcomes in systematic reviews of clinical trials. Costs were derived from national datasets. Analysis was performed with a 1-year time horizon from patient and payer perspectives. We analyzed a prototypical managed-care health plan with no cost-sharing to the patient. <b>Results.</b> From a payer perspective, global IBS treatments (including low FODMAP, cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], neuromodulators), which are not specific to the IBS-C bowel subtype were less expensive than on-label prescription drug treatments. From a patient perspective, on-label prescription drug treatment with linaclotide was the least expensive treatment strategy. Drug prices and costs to manage untreated IBS-C were most important determinants of payer treatment preferences. Effects of treatment on missed work-days and need for repeated appointments to complete treatment were the most important determinants of treatment preference to patients. <b>Discussion.</b> Due mostly to prescription drug prices, neuromodulators, low FODMAP, and CBT appear cost-effective compared to on-label drug treatments from a payer perspective in cost-utility analysis. These findings may explain common treatment barriers in clinical practice.

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Saliency-Based Compressive Sampling for Image Signals

Compressive sampling is a novel framework in signal acquisition and reconstruction, which achieves sub-Nyquist sampling by exploiting the sparse nature of most signals of interest. In this letter, we propose a saliency-based compressive sampling scheme for image signals. The key idea is to exploit the saliency information of images, and allocate more sensing resources to salient regions but fewer to nonsalient regions. The scheme takes human visual attention into consideration because human vision would pay more attention to salient regions. Simulation results on natural images show that the proposed scheme improves the reconstructed image quality considerably compared to the case when saliency information is not used.

Topic: Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Whole Genome Sequences Analyses of Indonesian Isolates SARS-CoV-2 Variants and their Clinical Manifestations

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the global pandemic since the end of the year 2019. Since then, the virus has had mutations that cause different types of variants with various effects on those infected. This has complicated human intervention for prevention. Indonesia is one of the countries which was heavily affected by the pandemic specifically from May to August 2021, and it is a country that has recorded many distinct isolates. Methods: GISAID database was used to obtain the Indonesian isolates while NCBI BLAST was utilized for comparison of all variants, and MAFFT version 7 for multi comparison. Results: There were 9,488 isolates in Indonesia as of November 2021 where most include the Delta variant. Most of the isolates have mutations common to the ones from other countries. Although there are some atypical ones such as the mutation V1264L in the Delta variant that was suspected play a role in worsening the pandemic. Conclusions: The Delta variant had the most mutations in the Spike protein, when compared to the Alpha and Beta variants, giving its important roles in infectivity and vigorous entry into cells, explaining why in the period of May to November 2021 in Indonesia, there was a rocket of cases for the Delta variant unlike the other variants

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Rationalization and Logistics Management Origins in Bata Company

The successful rationalization of production and the subsequent formation of assembly-line production in the footwear industry has evolved from its deepest post-war economic crisis. People who needed to produce the best quality shoes at a reasonable price demanded changes in the system of production and sales. Rationalization introduced in the manufacture of footwear used modern machines that were scientifically and optimally distributed in manufacturing processes. Proceedings of the race was comprehensively carried out according to the production plans from raw material to the sale of final products in stores. The whole system was characterized by a struggle against all losses and defects, against wasting time, energy and material either of an individual or a team work.

Topic: Material Selection and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Agricultural Management using Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey

Agriculture is the backbone of any Country's economy and there is a strong correlation between agricultural growth and economic prosperity. We need a new and effective technology which can improve continuously the productivity, profitability, sustainability of our major farming systems. In this paper we have discussed three types of Management systems used in Agriculture from remote area. In the first category we have discussed about the different systems used in Green House Management using Wireless sensor networks. In the second category we have discussed about the Irrigation Management using Wireless sensor networks. Finally we have also discussed about the Storage Management using Wireless Sensor Networks.

Topic: IoT-based Smart Home Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Big ships, massive liner alliances : Upsizing ? Are they working ? (CKYHE)

ABSTRACT&#13;\n&#13;\nPurpose: The paper seeks to examine the correlation of cultural aspect within the liner alliances and to determine the feasibility of liner alliances from the cultural perspective. It also seeks to determine the application of big ships in the liner alliances.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethodology: A sample of liner firms was selected for the survey using systematic sampling technique with sampling interval to obtain the sample survey results. Selective interviews have been done with top management of the selected liner firms to obtain professional topic insights.&#13;\n&#13;\nFindings: The result supports that culture is an important consideration within the liner alliance. The findings show that cultural exert an indirect influence to the success/failure of liner alliances. It also shows that though big ships are prevalence in the liner alliances, but it does not provide implication for the utilization of bigger ships in liner alliances. &#13;\n&#13;\nResearch Implication/Limitation: Culture is a subjective topic where it varies among individuals. Therefore, it requires large amount of surveys and interviews to generalize the importance and impacts of culture in liner alliances. Also, the trade demands of liner alliances are considered as a trade secret which is necessary to justify the uses of bigger ships in liner alliances.&#13;\n&#13;\nOriginality/Value: This is the first studies on cultural aspect to identify its impact within the liner alliances.&#13;\n&#13;\nKeywords: Liner alliances, Culture, Strategic alliances, CKYHE, Big ships

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Penetrometer for Soil Crust Laboratory Study

A penetrometer to work on soil crust generated by simulated rains on soil samples was designed. Several samples from typic Argiudol soil without hydricerosion were used; they were treated with cover and previous rain. The penetration resistance (PR) to five depths was evaluated. The penetrometry was measured at the seventh day from the rain (in a humid condition) and at the twentieth day (in dry condition). There were highly significant differences between depths. The penetrometer showed to be suitable to determine the PR, it was easy to use and reliable with regards to the variability of the measurements.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
La responsabilidad colectiva ante la crisis moral y política colombiana

En este artículo se aborda en tres pasos la pregunta sobre la responsabilidad que el propio pueblo colombiano tiene frente a la situación de crisis que se vive: (i) se explorarán algunos factores que pueden ofrecer luces sobre la actual crisis moral y pol

Topic: History and Politics in Latin America
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Job Involvement And Work Motivation: A Study Of Male And Female Teachers Of Cbse Affiliated +2 Schools With Reference To Patna, Bihar

The present investigation was aimed to see the significance of difference between male and female teachers working in CBSE Affiliated +2 Schools with reference to Patna, Bihar inters of work motivation and job involvement. Total sample consisted of one hundred sixty (N=160) teachers comprising male (n=80) and female (n=80) randomly selected from in and around Patna – a capital of Bihar, India. The subjects’ age were ranged between 28 – 52 years. Data were collected through questionnaire schedules of work motivation and job involvement along with self prepared personal information sheet. Having collected the data, data were tabulated according to procedure of the scales. Finally the results indicated that male teachers more or less maintain markedly higher level of work motivation and job involvement, although significance of differences have been found between the group on different dimensions of work motivation. Moreover, significant difference has also been found on the degree of job involvement. In the present study also teachers’ motivation and job involvement have found to be positively correlated. Obtained results have been discussed in detail by giving appropriate reasons.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostic test using fluorescence immunoassay-based interferon gamma release assay with IchromaTM IGRA-TB.

IchromaTM IGRA-TB showed reasonably high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, indicating that this method can be further utilised as a diagnostic and screening tool for pulmonary TB.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
55-Year Follow-Up of the First Adult Patient With Craniopharyngioma Treated With Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

In May 1968, Lars Leksell and Erik-Olof Backlund achieved a pioneering breakthrough by performing the first Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on a craniopharyngioma (CP). Today, more than 50 years later, this patient remains under continuous monitoring, providing the longest documented follow-up of a GKRS-treated CP. This case report provides a complete record of the patient’s preoperative presentation, surgical assessment, GKRS, and an extensive long-term follow-up with multiple interventions. The investigation involved analysis of archived and digitalized patient records and radiological images. The patient was a 21-year-old female who presented with amenorrhea and low levels of gonadotropins. Pneumoencephalography showed a calcified 2 × 2.5 cm mass located in the suprasellar region, indicative of a CP. Subsequent stereotactic puncture confirmed a predominantly solid nature of the CP. Given the size and composition of the tumor, the surgical team opted for GKRS. Dose planning was performed manually, with coordinates determined using Leksell’s stereotactic frame. The tumor was targeted with a total dose of 50 Gy using 179 beams of 60 Co. Over the subsequent 55 years, the patient underwent radiological and clinical follow-ups. Throughout this period, 4 cystic tumor recurrences occurred and were managed by stereotactic puncture and Yttrium-90 instillation radiotherapy. The solid component remained stable without repeated GKRS. The patient suffered lateral quadrant anopsia and endocrinological deficits, necessitating pharmaceutical intervention. Despite these challenges, the patient is still living an active life at age 76 years. This case stands as historic evidence of long-term safety and efficacy of GKRS for CPs.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Propofol sedation using a target controlled system in patients undergoing stereotactic pallidotomy.

Fábregas, Neus MDPhD; Gambús, Pedro MD; Valero, Ricard MD; Carrero, Enrique MD; Rovira, Irene MD PhD; Troconiz, I F PhD Author Information

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The ethics of pandemic preparedness revisited - autonomy, quarantine, transferability and trust

Abstract Background The outbreak of SARS in 2002 lead to a public health ethics discourse. The crisis management of that time was ethically analysed and lessons to be learned discussed. Scholarship and WHO, among others, developed an ethics of pandemic preparedness. The current “corona crisis” also faces us with ethical challenges. This presentation is comparing the two crises from an ethical point of view and a focus on Europe. Methods An ethics framework for pandemic preparedness (Schröder et al. 2006 and Schröder-Bäck 2014) is used to make a synopsis of ethical issues. Ethical aspects of 2002 and 2020 that were discussed in the literature and in the media are compared. For 2020, the focus is on interventions in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Results Topics that emerged from the 2002 crisis were, among others, revolving around aspects of stigmatisation and fair distribution of scarce resources (esp. vaccines, antivirals). Currently, most urgent and ethically challenging aspects relate to social distancing vs. autonomy: Isolation and quarantine are handled differently across Europe and the EU. Questions of transferability of such interventions prevail. Contexts vary vertically over time (2002 vs. 2020) and horizontally (e.g. between Italy and Germany at the same time). Furthermore, trust in authorities, media and health information is a key issue. Conclusions Ethical aspects are key for good pandemic preparedness and management. The context of the crises between 2002 and 2020 has slightly changed, also based on “lessons learned” from 2002. This has implications on ethical issues that are being discussed. New lessons will have to be learned from the 2020 crisis. Key messages Pandemic preparedness and outbreak management entail many ethical tensions that need to be addressed. Currently, questions of trust and transferability are key to the crisis management, further ethical issues could still emerge.

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences