jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR SPOT BLOTCH (Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc.) RESISTANCE AT KHAIRAHANI, CHITWAN

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third most important cereal crop of Nepal in terms of area and production. Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. is one of the major diseases reducing the productivity and quality of wheat in Nepal, which is favored by high temperature and relative humidity. The experiment was conducted at research farm of Rampur Campus, Khairahani, Chitwan from 18th Nov 2021 to 29th Mar 2022, to identify the genotypes resistance against spot blotch. It was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with twelve genotypes as treatments and three replications. Double digit scoring method was used to assess the disease five times from 90 DAS at the interval of 7 days and Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. Statistically, significant difference was obtained in all the observed traits except for plant height, spike weight, harvest index, and straw yield. The highest AUDPC value was recorded in RR-21 (2074) yielding 4.0 tonha-1 whereas the lowest AUDPC value was recorded in NL 1437 (781) yielding 6.1 tonha-1, suggesting it to be more resistant than other genotypes. NL 1447 was the highest yielder (6.5tonha-1) with a 985.185 mean AUDPC value followed by NL1437 (6.1 tonha-1) while RR-21 was the lowest yielder (4.0 tonha-1). The lowest apparent infection rate was detected for BL 4951 (0.018). Correlation studies indicated that total grains and grain weight per spike as well as the grain yield were negatively and significantly correlated with AUDPC.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunological traits have the potential to improve selection of pigs for resistance to clinical and subclinical disease

Abstract It was reasoned that, if we used a large sample of pigs, we could demonstrate that total and differential numbers of leukocytes, expression levels of swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) I and II, and serum concentrations of IgG and haptoglobin show additive genetic variation and are, therefore, potentially useful as criteria to improve selection of pigs for resistance to clinical and subclinical disease. We tested this premise by assessing 4204 male pigs from the Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds for total and differential numbers of leukocytes and serum concentrations of IgG and haptoglobin; 1217 of the Duroc and Landrace pigs were also assessed for expression levels of SLA I and II. We estimated the amount of additive genetic variation by fitting linear animal models to the total and differential numbers of leukocytes and serum concentrations of IgG and haptoglobin. We fitted linear sire models to the expression levels of SLA I and II. We detected additive genetic variation for each group of traits. Total and differential numbers of leukocytes were moderately heritable ( h 2 =0·22 to 0·30), expression levels of SLA I and II were moderate-to-highly heritable ( h 2 =0·46 to 1·23), while serum concentrations of IgG and haptoglobin were lowly heritable ( h 2 =0·14 to 0·16). The additive genetic variation shown for the immunological traits is encouraging for pig breeders. It indicates that these traits are potentially useful as criteria to improve selection of pigs for resistance to clinical and subclinical disease.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
OP27.03: Evaluation of fetal arrhythmia from simultaneous recordings of pulsed wave Doppler signals in hepatic vein and descending aorta using Dual Doppler

Dual Doppler has two separate sample gates allowing simultaneous recording of signals from two locations, then can display each pulsed Doppler signal (PWD) simultaneously and separately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of simultaneous recordings of PWD signals in hepatic vein and descending aorta using Dual Doppler (HV-DAo) in the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia. This was a prospective study of 21 patients referred to our hospital for evaluation of fetal arrhythmia. HV-DAO and detailed fetal echocardiography were performed. Hepatic veins (HV) were visualized in color flow mode in a transverse section of the fetal abdomen, spreading out from the inferior vena cava. The descending aorta (DAo) was simultaneously visualized. One sample gate was placed over a HV at an insonation angle of nearly 0° and another gate was placed over the DAo. Each PWD signal was displayed simultaneously and separately. The retrograde A wave in the HV during atrial systole and aortic ejection wave in the DAo indirectly define the mechanical relationship between atria and ventricles. Of 21 fetuses, 11 had supraventricular extrasystole, 3 had ventricular extrasystole. There were 2 cases of complete AV block, 1 of 2:1 AV block, 1 of supraventricular tachycardia and 3 of normal rhythm. The retrograde A wave in the HV and aortic ejection wave in the DAo were detected in all cases, even when atrial systole coincide with ventricular systole in extrasystole and complete AV block. HV-DAO was diagnostic in all cases. Simultaneous recordings of PWD signals in the HV and DAo using Dual Doppler is an easy rapid method of assessing fetal cardiac rhythms, allowing precise diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. This method's advantage is that retrograde atrial systolic flow is usually detected clearly, even when atrial systole coincides with ventricular systole because Dual Doppler displays pulsed signals in HV and the DAo separately, making them easy to distinguish.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
(Invited) 4D Nanoscale Imaging of Corrosion through Coherent x-Ray Diffraction Imaging

Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCDI) is a powerful means of operando materials characterization at the nanoscale. With the ability to measure 3D structure and strain in materials at few nm resolution and under real-world conditions, BCDI has provided unique insight into a variety of materials processes. We apply BCDI to directly image the 3D structural and strain field evolution in copper nanoparticles corroding in saline solution. We observe a defect driven, anisotropic corrosion process that is accompanied by nanoscale pit formation and lattice strain variation. To understand the origin of these phenomena, we build experimentally informed atomistic models of the corrosion process. Figure 1

Topic: Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Projected Cultural Histories of the Cutting of Female Genitalia: A Poor Reflection as in a Mirror

Current public debate on “female genital mutilation” often renders the impression that it is possible to draw an unambiguous line between acceptable and condemnable practices of female genital cutting. In this paper, the cultural histories of cutting of the female genitalia are presented and discussed. Available historical accounts of female circumcision practices in Africa reflect Western, mainly European, ideas and ideologies at certain points in time. In a sense, these descriptions have more to say about “us” than “them”. Further, the historical descriptions of female circumcision in Africa are intertwined with time-bound notions and cutting practices in Western countries in different epochs. Through retrospective reflections, it is possible to see how current commonsensical standpoints, among them the hegemony of a “zero tolerance” attitude regarding cutting of the female genitalia among Africans, are a product of a recently introduced perspective, and also how this generally accepted perspective may render it more difficult to present multi-faceted ethnographic accounts of lived experiences today.

Topic: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Concentrated and Intensifying Humid Heat Extremes in the IPCC AR6 Regions

Abstract Extreme humid heat events have seen rapid increases globally in recent decades, but regional changes and higher‐order temporal characteristics, such as interannual and intra‐annual clustering, have not been widely explored. Using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019, we find increasing trends of varying magnitudes in extreme wet‐bulb temperatures at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6) regional scale. In many locations, interannual variations in extremes show a strong relationship with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. The temporal proximity of precipitation events to humid heat days in arid regions suggests that local moisture effects may lead to clustering. Knowledge of these spatial and temporal patterns aids in understanding how potential heat stress is increasing, as well as facilitates the development of regionally specific adaptation and mitigation strategies for combating the associated societal impacts.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Decentralized adaptation in interconnected uncertain systems with nonlinear parametrization

We propose a technique for the design and analysis of decentralized adaptation algorithms in interconnected dynamical systems. Our technique does not require Lyapunov stability of the target dynamics and allows nonlinearly parameterized uncertainties. We show that for the considered class of systems, conditions for reaching the control goals can be formulated in terms of the nonlinear L_2-gains of target dynamics of each interconnected subsystem. Equations for decentralized controllers and corresponding adaptation algorithms are also explicitly provided.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
School libraries and social responsibility: support for special groups and issues - the case of homosexuality

The Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that “every individual and every organ of society ... shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance...”. Article 19 of the Declaration specifies that “everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers”. Further, as Article 26 says, “everyone has the right to education... Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.” The emphasis throughout is on “everyone”.

Topic: Legal and Social Justice Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Traditional Plant-Based Forms of Treatment of Fungal Infections in Suriname - Phytochemical and Pharmacological Rationale

Plant-based traditional medicines are abundantly used in the Republic of Suriname (South America) for treating a wide variety of conditions including fungal infections. This book reviews nine plants with antifungal potential and explains the phytochemical and pharmacological support for their apparent usefulness against fungal infections. These data are placed within the context of some health aspects and the healthcare structure of Suriname, following observations about the characteristics and taxonomy of fungi and their significance to humans and information about fungal infections and their allopathic forms of treatment. The book concludes with a section about the significance of these Surinamese herbal antifungal substances to mainstream antifungal treatments.

Topic: Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
FAMILY AND CLUSTERS OF ELAEOCARPACEAE OF KARNATAKA, INDIA

Family Elaeocarpaceae is represented by a single genus Elaeocarpus in Karnataka and are endemic to the Western Ghats part of the state.Review of literature showed that there are five taxa viz., E. munronii (Wt.)Mast, E. serratus var.serratus L, E. serratus var.weibelii Zmarzty, E. tuberculatus Roxb.and E. variabilis Zmarzty.There is scanty and imprecise information in the Floras about the family and taxa of Elaeocarpaceae.Aim of the present study is to document the characteristic features of the family and taxa which will help in identification of the plants belonging to this family.Extensive field survey and material collection were conducted to document the morphological and reproductive characters of each taxa and based on this the family characters were consolidated.On the basis of studies family Elaeocarpaceae is divided into four clusters viz., Munronii, Tuberculatus, Serratus and

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. Vol. I : The Central Lands ; vol. II : The Arab-speaking Countries, edited by Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis

Schwarzfuchs Simon. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. Vol. I : The Central Lands ; vol. II : The Arab-speaking Countries, edited by Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 203, n°2, 1986. pp. 215-216.

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
NDRG1 is important to maintain the integrity of airway epithelial barrier through claudin‐9 expression

Abstract Impairment of epithelial barrier integrity caused by environmental triggers is associated with the pathogenesis of airway inflammation. Using human airway epithelial cells, we attempted to identify molecule(s) that promote airway epithelial barrier integrity. Microarray analyses were conducted using the Affimetrix human whole genome gene chip, and we identified the N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) gene, which was induced during the development of the epithelial cell barrier. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong NDRG1 expression in ciliated epithelial cells in nasal tissues sampled from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and the low expression of NDRG1 was observed in goblet cells or damaged epithelial cells. NDRG1 gene knockdown with its specific siRNA decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance and increased the dextran permeability. Immunocytochemistry revealed that NDRG1 knockdown disrupted tight junctions of airway epithelial cells. Next, we analyzed the effects of NDRG1 knockdown on the expression of tight and adhesion junction molecules. NDRG1 knockdown significantly decreased only claudin‐9 expression, but did not decrease other claudin family molecules, such as E‐cadherin, and ZO‐1, ‐2, or ‐3. Knockdown of claudin‐9 markedly impaired the barrier function in airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that NDRG1 is important for the barrier integrity in airway epithelial cells.

Topic: Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enhanced\nWeak-Light Detection of Perovskite Photodetectors\nthrough Perovskite/Hole-Transport Material Interface Treatment

Enhancement\nin weak-light detection and other photodetection properties\nwas observed for organic–inorganic halide perovskite photodetectors\nas a result of benzylammonium iodide (BzAI) treatment at the methylammonium\nlead triiodide (MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) and hole-transport layer (HTL)\ninterface. After treatment, growth of the two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper\nperovskite phase was observed at the MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; surface, which\nshifted the overall surface work function upwards and thus effectively\nfacilitated charge transfer across the MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/HTL interface.\nAs a result, the fully fabricated device with 10 mg/mL (BzAI/isopropanol)\ntreatment exhibited shorter rise time (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rise&lt;/sub&gt;) and decay time (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;decay&lt;/sub&gt;) of 53 and 38\nμs, respectively, compared to &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rise&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;decay&lt;/sub&gt; of 214 and 120 μs,\nrespectively, for the pristine MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; sample. In addition,\nthe BzAI-treated device exhibited larger linearity compared to the\npristine MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; sample, demonstrating a high and stable\nspecific detectivity of 1.49 × 10&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; to 2.14 ×\n10&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; Jones under incident light intensity of 10&lt;sup&gt;–3&lt;/sup&gt; to 10&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; mW/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively.

Topic: Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Alkyl Chain-Length on Dissociative Attachment: 1-Bromoalkanes on Si(100)-c(4×2)

Chemical reactivity as a function of chain-length was investigated for three 1-bromoalkanes on silicon. The physisorption and subsequent thermal dissociative attachment of bromoethane (EtBr), 1-bromopropane (PrBr), and 1-bromobutane (BuBr) on Si(100)-c(4×2) were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum from 50 to 180 K, and interpreted by ab initio theory. These 1-bromoalkanes were found to physisorb and react exclusively over the inter-row sites of Si(100)-c(4×2), with activation barriers, Ea, increasing with alkyl chain-length: Ea = 343 ± 5 meV for EtBr, Ea = 410 ± 6 meV for PrBr, and Ea = 536 ± 2 meV for BuBr. Extensive ab initio calculations gave increasing barriers along the series: Ec = 317 meV for EtBr, Ec = 406 meV for PrBr, and Ec = 430 meV for BuBr. On the basis of our calculated geometries, we interpret this dependence of thermal barrier on chain-length as due to the additional energy required with increasing chain-length in order to lift the alkyl chain away from the surface, in going from the initial physisorbed state to the reactive transition state. For BuBr, the measured Ea significantly exceeded the calculated value. This increase in effective barrier-height could be due to a “dynamical delay” in optimizing the configuration of the alkyl chain.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk assessment of aircraft landing phase based on neural network cloud and Monte Carlo

In view of the complex factors affecting the landing risk of military aircraft after the mission, the assessment method is not systematic, and the process is fuzzy, random and uncertain. In this paper, a risk assessment model based on neural network cloud is constructed and implemented by Monte Carlo simulation. Firstly, four parameters, namely ground speed, elevation angle, vertical acceleration and ground distance deviation, are selected to describe the risk situation of landing phase. Roulette algorithm is used to generate 100 groups of cloud data randomly, and the probability membership degree is determined by cloud generator as the training data of GA-BP neural network. The simulation evaluation system is formed after learning and training of neural network, and the landing number of a certain army aircraft is calculated The rationality and scientificity of the evaluation system is verified by an example, which proves that it has certain practical significance and reference value.

Topic: Advanced Decision-Making Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Primary myxoid liposarcoma of the pericardium].

患者男,24岁.右胸隐痛4年,加剧4 d,于1997年7月14日入院.患者自1994年起右胸隐痛,活动后尤甚,入院前4 d疼痛加剧,不得不下蹲以图缓解,疼痛呈持续性向右肋及右肩背处放射,无发热、气急等其他症状.体检:心率88次/分,心音低钝,各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音及心包摩擦音.左上腹有深压痛,心界右下缘扩大至右锁骨中线。

Topic: Cardiac tumors and thrombi
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Contextualising Eating Disorders

This book rethinks the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders by putting the spotlight on their social and societal contexts, examining how these behaviours are shaped by the difficult life conditions of those suffering. Drawing on the lived experiences of nine women, this book uses in-depth case studies and interviews to discuss eating disorders with a Social Contextual Analysis framework. It prioritises the women's own voices about their life conditions and recovery to explore the behaviour of unusual eating patterns. The book identifies common social properties across the nine women, which will become essential context when considering treatment and therapy for unusual eating. Through this more compassionate approach, readers are presented with a detailed example of new ways to analyse and treat the behaviours of mental health and therapy outside of a DSM diagnosis. Contextualising Eating Disorders is unique in its focus on giving priority to women's voices and the social contexts behind unusual eating and will be highly relevant for all professionals working with those with unusual eating patterns, as well as students and academics in the fields of social psychology and mental health. This book will also benefit those who themselves are suffering from unusual eating patterns they might not understand.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
explore, Spring 2000: Justice and the American Jesuit university

Contents: Letter from the Director; Jesuit Activities in Focus: Justice and the American Jesuit University; Telling Tales: Unexpected Journeys into Interconnectedness; My Mother's Legacy: Trying to Make a Difference Through Teaching and Research; "I Am Only One, but Still I Am One": A Hunger for Justice; Why Do I Live In African Villages; The Gift of "Presence": Reflections on Jesuit Values in the Classroom; Teaching Compassion Philosophically; Spelling Justice in Sanskrit; My Journey into the World of Justice Research; Coming Events: Spirituality Series, Bannan Visitor; Next Issue

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences