jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Master Equation Approach to Molecular Motor's Directed Motion

The master equation approach based on the periodic one-dimensional three-state hopping model is developed to study the molecular motor's directed motion. An explicit solution Px(t) is obtained for the probability distribution as a function of the time for any initial distribution Px(0) with all the transients included. We introduce dj to represent the sub-step lengths, which can reflect how the external load affects the individual rate via load distribution factors θj+ and θj−. A wide variety of molecular motor behaviour under external load f can readily be obtained by the unequal-distance transition model with load-dependent transition rates. By comparison with the experiments, namely of the drift velocity v and the randomness parameter r versus adenosine triphosphate concentration and external load f, it is shown that the model presented here can rather satisfactorily explain the available data.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occurrence of Helotropha luecostigma Hubner (Lep., Noctuidae) on maize in Rzeszow region

Caterpillars of Helotropha leucostigma Hubner were found for the first time on maize plants (Zea mays L.) in Rzeszow region (south-east Poland) in 2008. In 2008–2012, every year in May and June a small number of caterpillars of this species were recorded on the maize fields, where they totally destroyed single plants at the stage of 4 to 6 leaves (BBCH 14–16). During the study years totaly 30 caterpillars of this species were found in four villages: Krzeczowice, Terliczka, Nienadowka and Gluchow. So far H. leucostigma has not been regarded as a pest of cultivated plants in Poland. The fact that during a few years the caterpillars of this moth were recorded in maize crops may indicate that the species H. leucostigma has adapted to feeding on maize and therefore extended the range of its host plants.

Topic: Agricultural economics and policies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
(Mis)understanding American federalism: on constitutions, collective action, competition, and quiescence

&lt;p&gt;American federalism is often lauded for promoting democratic participation and accountability, but this view neglects the ways in which it actually structures day-to-day political activity. Drawing on the concept of federalization of law and policy, this policy brief illustrates how lawmaking has proliferated across legal and legislative venues, particularly in the post-WWII period.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Contrary to conventional wisdom, the author argues that the federalization of law and policy undermines the capacity of the public to act collectively, limits the ability of large groups of ordinary people to mount credible challenges to the status quo, and imposes obstacles to popular sovereignty over national lawmaking.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Obsessional states

The purpose of this study was to examine the theory that there is a positive relationship between the occurence of abnormalities at the time of birth and the subsequent development of obsessional states. While an abnormal birth may result in minimal brain damage this is not necessarily the significant factor, as a separation of mother and baby in the immediate neonatal period, which usually follows an abnormal birth, may be of more relevance. Observations are made on certain phenomenological aspects on obsessions in patients who give a history of abnormal birth as compared with those patients who have obsessional states and give a normal birth history. In the discussion comments are made upon the separation anxiety theory as being an important aetiological factor in the obsessional neurotic state.

Topic: Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Against the Concept of Cultural Trauma or How I Learned to Love the Suffering of Others without the Help of Psychotherapy

Handbooks celebrate the success stories of academic life. Handbook entries are supposed to be constructive and uplifting affairs which impart on future generations the academic insights of current generations, inform their readers in succinct fashion about important conceptual frameworks and methodologies, and demonstrate in what contexts and for what research agendas these intellectual tools can be applied most successfully. We will accomplish none of these objectives in the following text. Instead, we will inform you about a spectacular failure, the failure of scholars in the humanities and social sciences to develop a truly interdisciplinary trauma concept despite their many claims to the contrary. We will also present you with a culprit for this unfortunate development by blaming our colleagues for applying poststructuralist theory in rather unimaginative ways and, as a result, developing a strangely narrow and aestheticized concept of trauma. After this announcement a short note may be in order. We hope very much that the following is not perceived as just another exercise in postmodern theory bashing. We are ourselves firmly committed to the venerable deconstructive project of questioning master narratives, exposing the ideological prejudices and blind spots of the discursive status quo, and pursuing cultural analysis in a radical self-reflexive fashion. In fact, we object to the postmodern trauma discourse, which is currently so popular in the humanities, precisely because it lacks self-reflexivity and has elevated the concept of cultural trauma into the status of a new master narrative. These negative effects are particularly pronounced in literature departments where trauma studies have contributed to the reestablishment of conventional procedures of textual exegesis as the be all and end all of the philological enterprise (Weilnbock). As a result, the very concepts that were originally developed in the context of a radical critique of traditional literary and cultural studies have been retooled and redeployed to serve these traditions. In the process, the trauma metaphor, initially adopted in a spirit of interdisciplinary collaboration, has helped reestablish literary and cultural studies as exclusive and anti-interdisciplinary academic fields. Cathy Caruth’s 1996 Unclaimed Experience represents the most influential, perhaps the foundational text of deconstructive trauma studies (see also Caruth, Trauma: Explorations in Memory). All the key elements of the new trauma discourse are for the first time fully developed in this volume. Like many other scholars, Caruth defines trauma as an experience consisting of two components that the trauma victim never manages to reconcile with each other. A severe mental and maybe also physical injury

Topic: Narrative Theory and Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Noninferiority of Linezolid for Skin and Bloodstream Infections

Table 1.Demographic and clinical characteristics of and outcomes in 14 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) resistant to streptomycin (STM) and fluoroquinolones (FQNs) and 64 patients with extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in 4 European countries.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Changes in soil chemical characteristics and yield of Chinese chive (<i>Allium tuberosum</i> Rottler) and taro (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i>) by treatments of agricultural by-products for long periods

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of agricultural by-products such as rice bran and barley bran on growth promotion of Chinese chive and taro and changes of soil chemical characteristics in organic cultivations. Shoot fresh weight of Chinese chive was significantly increased in rice bran and compost treatments in a three year experiment but not in other materials. The shoot fresh weight of Chinese chive was increased 22–116% by rice bran and compost treatments compared with untreated control. In the second year, tuber fresh weight of taro was increased 46% by a barley bran treatment compared with untreated control. However, in the third year, shoot fresh weight of taro was increased 30% by a barley bran treatment compared with untreated control. pH in Chinese chive fields was significantly increased by treatments of agricultural by-products compared with untreated control. However, pH in taro fields was significantly reduced by treatments of agricultural by-products compared with untreated control. Generally, the amount of available P2O5, K, Ca and Mg in Chinese chive fields was significantly higher in agricultural by-products and compost treatments than in untreated control. In addition, the amount of organic matter and available P2O5 in taro fields was higher in barley bran, burned barley bran and compost treatments than in other agricultural by-products and untreated control. Thus, some agricultural by-products can be used for yield increase in Chinese chive and taro organic cultivation.

Topic: Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sustainable Chemistry – An Interdisciplinary Matrix Approach

Abstract Within the framework of green chemistry, the continuous development of new and advanced tools for sustainable synthesis is essential. For this, multi‐facetted underlying demands pose inherent challenges to individual chemical disciplines. As a solution, both interdisciplinary technology screening and research can enhance the possibility for groundbreaking innovation. To illustrate the stages from discovery to the implementing of combined technologies, a SusChem matrix model is proposed inspired by natural product biosynthesis. The model describes a multi‐dimensional and dynamic exploratory space where necessary interaction is exclusively provided and guided by sustainable themes.

Topic: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY TO WATER (LONG-PORE EFFECT)

A mathematical model describing the passage of water through the long narrow pores of a membrane is presented. An interaction between the opposing unidirectional flows of molecules was observed. Equations were obtained for unidirectional flow of water through a membrane. The ratios obtained agree essentially with the experimental data provided by a number of writers on the passage of water through natural membranes and explain the difference in the values for water permeability of membranes obtained from osmotic and isotope experiments. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle prevalence in postpartum

Abstract Introduction: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) is characterized by the separation of the rectus abdominis muscles beams, caused by enlargement of the linea alba, a common condition during pregnancy. Physical therapy has been shown necessary in women health, to help them adjust the physical changes throughout the pregnancy and puerperium. Objectives: To verify the DRAM prevalence in the immediate puerperium in a sample of women attended by the Unified Health System in Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, and investigate possible correlations between the DRAM presence and the delivery type, pregnancies number, maternal age, pregnancy type and weight gain during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This is a transversal study, that included 88 samples of women in the immediately puerperium. It was realized a specific assessment and verified the DRAM presence and its measures. The checkpoints were in the umbilical, 4.5 cm above and below this point. It was considered present and relevant when there was any separation from the linea alba. Results: The study showed 61.36% DRAM prevalence. Its averages were 0.88 cm supra-umbilical, 1.23 cm umbilical and 0.3 cm infra-umbilical. Puerperium women who had DRAM, 31.5% were primiparous and 68.5% multiparous. Conclusion: The DRAM prevalence was considered high and relevant. The DRAM measure was higher in the umbilical region compared with infra and supra-umbilical. The multiparous women had a higher correlation with the DRAM than the primiparous.

Topic: Pregnancy-related medical research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Particularities of the negative streamer propagation in homogeneous and inhomogeneous electric fields. Computer simulation

The results of numerical simulations of negative streamer propagation in nitrogen in the plane - to - plane and the needle - to - plane geometries are presented. Computer simulations has been performed by finite element method, which allows to accurately describe the boundaries of complicated shape. It is shown that the propagation velocity of the negative streamer in a nonuniform electric field (the needle - to - plane geometry) is always greater than its velocity in a uniform field (the plane - to - plane geometry) at the same electrical potentials on the electrodes. It is shown that with decreasing curvature radius of the needle the streamer propagation velocity increases. The growth of the streamer speed, with decreasing of the needle curvature radius, is stopped when the needle curvature radius reaches a certain critical size. It is shown that in the region of the strong nonlinearity, when the dynamics of the streamer propagation is determined by the space charge, its velocity as a function of the longitudinal coordinate is independent of the needle curvature radius.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Antipyretic Activity of the Root Extracts of Xylocarpus

Various types of conditions exist in the body that causes fever and pain. Drugs that are used to treat fever are called antipyretics, and those are usually prescribed to treat elevated body temperature. But those drugs result in many other side effects like ulcers, perforations, bleedings and obstructions, which make their use questionable and limiting. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of diseases from the starting of the human race and the process; they had been subjected to rigorous investigations and tests to establish a scientific proof and validation of the various pharmacological activities and their respective mechanisms of action in treating the herbs. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, Xylocarpus mekongesis was investigated for its antipyretic activity in yeast method and 3doses out of which 00mg/kg body weight showed a better activity compared to the standard drug and other extracts too. The mechanism of action was similar to the paracetamol action that is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Topic: Phytochemical compounds biological activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prepectoral and Subpectoral Tissue Expander–Based Breast Reconstruction: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of 90-Day Clinical and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes

Background: Prepectoral placement of tissue expanders for two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction potentially minimizes chest wall morbidity and postoperative pain. The authors explored 90-day clinical and health-related quality-of-life outcomes for prepectoral versus subpectoral tissue expander breast reconstruction. Methods: The authors conducted a propensity score-matching analysis (nearest neighbor, 1:1 matching without replacement) of patients who underwent immediate prepectoral or subpectoral tissue expander breast reconstruction between December of 2017 and January of 2019. Matched covariates included age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, smoking status, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and laterality of reconstruction. Outcomes of interest were perioperative analgesia use, 90-day postoperative patient-reported pain, complication rates, and BREAST-Q physical well-being of the chest scores. Results: Of the initial cohort of 921 patients, 238 were propensity-matched and included in the final analysis. The matched cohort had no differences in baseline characteristics. Postoperative ketorolac ( p = 0.048) use was higher in the subpectoral group; there were no other significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative analgesia use. Prepectoral patients had lower pain on postoperative days 1 to 2 but no differences on days 3 to 10. BREAST-Q physical well-being of the chest scores did not differ. Prepectoral patients had higher rates of seroma than subpectoral patients ( p &lt; 0.001). Rates of tissue expander loss did not differ. Conclusions: This matched analysis of 90-day complications found lower early postoperative pain in prepectoral tissue expander patients but no longer-term patient-reported differences. Although prepectoral reconstruction patients experienced a higher rate of seroma, this did not translate to a difference in tissue expander loss. Long-term analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcomes is needed to understand the full profile of the prepectoral technique. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.

Topic: Breast Implant and Reconstruction
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Feasibility of Automated Partial-Volume Correction of SUVs in Current PET/CT Scanners: Can Manufacturers Provide Integrated, Ready-to-Use Software?

TO THE EDITOR: The article by Soret et al. ( [1][1] ) in the June 2007 issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine on the implications of partial-volume effect (PVE) correction for PET in cancer provides a timely review of this important subject. It is quite clear that educating physicians—who are

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful surgical management of an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report and review of literature

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the esophagus is a very rare benign lesions which clinical presentation is not clear and difficult to make a definitive diagnosis preoperatively.In this report, we presented a case of a 24-year-old female with signs of severe malnutrition state due to dysphagia increasing gradually and losing 10 kg in weight for 2 months. Comprehensive preoperative radiologic investigations were proceeded with a circumferential severe stricture caused smooth submucosal swelling in the esophagus under 23 cm from the upper dental arch and two times of negative biopsy. Due to the aggressive clinical symptoms and gross lesion characteristics, the patient underwent laparoscopic-thoracoscopic esophagectomy and reconstruction with a gastric tube. Histopathological examination showed that the squamous epithelium of the esophagus had a small, benign nucleus, the submucosal layer and the smooth muscle layer increased fibrous, with infiltrating many lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for CD68, CD34, Desmin and ALK markers, and there was an increase in the number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The final diagnosis was an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor.Inflammatory pseudotumor of the esophagus is an extremely rare benign lesion but could led to aggressive clinical presentation. The gold standard of diagnosis is histopathological examination of surgically removed specimens. Radical resection is still the most efficient treatment method.

Topic: IgG4-Related and Inflammatory Diseases
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy for female veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder taking prescription analgesics for chronic pain: a feasibility study.

Over 10 weeks of recruitment, 31 women expressed interest in study participation. The primary reason for exclusion was the lack of prescription analgesic use for chronic pain. Study participants adhered to study procedures, and 100% attended at least 7 of 8 sessions; all completed in-person post-treatment assessment. Written questionnaires about intervention experience suggest increased tools for pain relief/relaxation, increased body/mind connection, and increased trust/safety. Ten of 14 responded to mailed 3-month follow-up. The response-to-process measures indicated the feasibility of implementing the manualized protocol and point to the need for longer sessions and a longer intervention period with this population.

Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Using the Design Sprint process to enhance and accelerate behavioral medicine progress: a case study and guidance

Abstract While challenges in the translation of behavioral medicine knowledge from academic settings to real-world use are well documented, they could potentially be reduced through the use of the Design Sprint process, a roadmap that facilitates progression from an idea to a product in 5 days via agile design and user-centered design principles. The Design Sprint is well aligned with several priorities of and methods common in behavioral medicine, including obtaining end-user feedback and thinking about implementation during intervention development. The Design Sprint could be used by behavioral medicine researchers for the development of research tools, implementation strategies, and behavior change interventions. The process may encourage creative and focused thinking, speed product development, and facilitate early user input. However, translating the Design Sprint to behavioral medicine research may present challenges, such as difficulty getting buy-in from team members, inconsistencies between the Design Sprint timeline, the need to obtain institutional review board approval for user testing, and the lack of traditional research processes (e.g., incorporating scientific research into intervention design). Several solutions and adaptations are possible to overcome these challenges while still maintaining the core features of the Design Sprint process. To demonstrate the use of the Design Sprint and potential adaptations, we present a case study of the development of a patient-facing digital tool for weight management and an accompanying implementation strategy. In conclusion, the Design Sprint offers behavioral medicine researchers an approach to developing new products with numerous potential benefits to researchers and to the individuals and communities we seek to impact.

Topic: Health Policy Implementation Science
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences