jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Commercial Gambling and the Surplus for Society

Background: Gambling is an important source of public revenue in many countries. Little is known about how this revenue is generated, and how it depends on product portfolios, operating costs, turnover, and the institutional contexts of the industry. Methods: A comparative analysis of income statements from 30 European gambling companies is reported. Scatter diagrams are used to describe how the surplus depends on volume, operating costs, monopoly status, and the game portfolio measured by aggregate return-to-players (RTP). Company profiles are used to interpret the results. Hypotheses: Commercialization increases aggregate return to players. This is likely to lower the surplus. Low operating costs of automated and fast games compensate for this loss. Commercial companies produce less surplus than monopolies. Results: The surplus is a linear function of the total revenue. Excluding three big companies, total volume is positively associated with the average return percentages but not proportionately with operating costs. The difference between monopolistic and market-based companies does not appear to be significant. Detailed descriptive analysis shows that the European gambling market may be facing a situation of supply saturation where further growth of gambling proceeds for good causes can no longer be accomplished.

Topic: Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Catullus (Selections from the Poems). Edited by F. Kinchin Smith and T. W. Melluish. London: Allen and Unwin, 1942. Pp. 126, 4 illus. 2<i>s</i>. 9<i>d</i>.

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Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quercus longispica: IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group &amp; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) Based Isotopic Abundance Ratio Evaluation of the Biofield Energy Treated Metronidazole

Metronidazole is a common antimicrobial antibiotic, which is used in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, pseudomembranous colitis, etc. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect® on the structural properties, and the isotopic abundance ratio of metronidazole evaluated using GC-MS analytical techniques. The metronidazole sample was divided into control and treated parts. Only the treated part received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak. The GC-MS spectra of both the samples of metronidazole at the retention time 16.4 minutes exhibited the molecular ion peak at m/z 171 [M]+ (calculated for C6H9N3O3+, 171.06). The peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated metronidazole was significantly increased by 166.83% compared to the control sample. The isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the treated metronidazole was significantly decreased by 19.72% compared with the control sample. Thus, 13C, 2H, 15N, and 17O contributions from (C6H9N3O3)+ to m/z 172 in the treated sample were significantly decreased compared with the control sample. The decreased isotopic composition of the treated metronidazole might be the cause of interference of neutrino via the Trivedi Effect®. The isotopic abundance ratios 2H/1H, 13C/12C, 17O/16O, and 15N/14N would highly influence the atomic bond vibration of treated metronidazole. The decreased isotopic abundance ratio would weaken the chemical bond and increase the solubility of the treated metronidazole. The new form of Biofield Energy Treated metronidazole would be very useful to design more efficacious pharmaceutical formulations that might offer a better therapeutic response against bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, brain, and respiratory tract infection, etc. Journal Web URL:- https://crimsonpublishers.com/madd/fulltext/MADD.000549.php

Topic: Biofield Effects and Biophysics
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The God-Awful Small Affair of the Invisible Organist: David Bowie Translated

Abstract Following the sudden death of David Bowie in January 2016, perhaps the least expected tributes were the various organ renditions of his 1973 single ‘Life On Mars’ played by the organists of St Albans Cathedral, Kelvingrove Art Gallery in Glasgow and Dublin’s St Joseph’s Church. Becoming instant social media sensations, what are we to make of these different versions of Bowie’s song played on the pipe organ, the so-called ‘King of Instruments’, and why did the organists choose ‘Life On Mars’ over any other Bowie song? In this essay, I consider these and other related questions from a range of theoretical perspectives, initially drawing on philosopher and musicologist Peter Szendy’s notion of the musical arrangement as translation, whilst also conceding that as a translation, something in the process of arrangement is lost. What might that ‘something’ be? Understanding him to be one of the most conspicuous musical artists of our time, I go on to employ media philosopher Sybille Kramer’s transmission theory of communication, positing Bowie as a messenger-translator who is also a powerful cultural interferer. As such, he is the antithesis of the church organist who, like the person of the textual translator as outlined by translation theorist Lawrence Venuti, has occupied a marginal if not abject space within musical history. Given this relegated position, how does Bowie’s own use of the organ sit with its use as an instrument of elegy in the various renditions referred to above, and can it tell us anything else about translation?

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Next Safety Net:Social Policy for a Digital Age

First lines: As advanced economies become more automated and digitized, almost all workers will be affected, but some more than others. Those who have what the economists Maarten Goos and Alan Manning call “lovely jobs” will do fine, creating and managing robots and various digital applications and adding lots of value in service sectors such as finance. Those who have what Goos and Manning call\n“lousy jobs,” however—in sectors such as manufacturing, retail, delivery, or routine office work—will fare less well, facing low pay, short contracts, precarious employment, and outright job loss. Economic inequality across society as a whole is likely to grow, along with demands for increased state expenditures on social services of various kinds—just as the resources to cover such expenditures are dropping because of lower tax contributions from a smaller work force.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Grid box dimensions for target proteins.

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, a cancer research trend has shifted towards identifying novel therapeutic compounds from natural assets for the management of cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of &lt;i&gt;Kigelia Africana&lt;/i&gt; (KA) extracts on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous kidney cells (HEK-293T) to develop an efficient anticancer medication. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS to analyze the constituents of EKA and HKA extracts meanwhile the crystal violet and the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used to examine the possible cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on our cancer cell lines along with non-cancerous control. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was run on cell samples to evaluate the differential expression of cell proliferative markers of cancer (BCL-2 and TP53). These phytochemicals have been reported to have binding affinity for some other growth factors and receptors as well which was evaluated by the &lt;i&gt;in-silico&lt;/i&gt; molecular docking against Bcl2, EGFR, HER2, and TP53. Our Morphological observation showed a significant difference in the cell morphology and proliferation potential which was decreased under the effect of plant extracts treatment as compared to the control samples. The ethanol extract exhibited a marked antiproliferative activity towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC&lt;sub&gt;&lt;b&gt;50&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; = 20 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR gene expression investigation revealed that the IC&lt;sub&gt;&lt;b&gt;50&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; concentration of ethanolic extract regulated the levels of mRNA expression of apoptotic genes. With the target and active binding site amino acids discovered in the molecular docking investigation, TP53/Propanoic acid, 3-(2, 3, 6-trimethyl-1, 4-dioxaspiro [4.4] non-7-yl)-, methyl ester (-7.1 kcal/mol) is the best-docked ligand. The use of this plant in folk remedies justifies its high &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; anti-cancer capabilities. This work highlights the role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of cancer proliferation. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that EKA extract has promising anti-proliferative effect on cancerous cells but more study is required in future to further narrow down the active ingredients of total crude extract with specific targets in cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantisation commutes with reduction at discrete series representations\n of semisimple groups

Using the analytic assembly map that appears in the Baum-Connes conjecture in\nnoncommutative geometry, we generalise the $\\Spin^c$-version of the\nGuillemin-Sternberg conjecture that `quantisation commutes with reduction' to\n(discrete series representations of) semisimple groups $G$ with maximal compact\nsubgroups $K$ acting cocompactly on symplectic manifolds. We prove this\nstatement in cases where the image of the momentum map in question lies in the\nset of strongly elliptic elements, the set of elements of $\\g^*$ with compact\nstabilisers. This assumption on the image of the momentum map is equivalent to\nthe assumption that $M = G \\times_K N$, for a compact Hamiltonian $K$-manifold\n$N$. The proof comes down to a reduction to the compact case. This reduction is\nbased on a `quantisation commutes with induction'-principle, and involves a\nnotion of induction of Hamiltonian group actions. This principle, in turn, is\nbased on a version of the naturality of the assembly map for the inclusion of\n$K$ into $G$.\n

Topic: Geometric and Algebraic Topology
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

Abstract Background Industrial development results in elevated levels of heavy metals in the local environment, including the air, soil, and water. These heavy metals can contaminate crops in the surrounding area, which may pose severe health risks to local inhabitants. The aims of this study were to determine the levels of heavy metals in plant–soil–irrigation system and the associated human health risk with deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Methods In this study, samples of soil, irrigation water, and maize crops were collected from the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was applied to determine the heavy metal contents in maize grains, soil samples, and irrigation water. Potential health risks were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Results The average concentrations of chromium and lead in maize exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations in food. The average concentrations of metals in the associated soil and irrigation water were both below the safe limits allowed in China. Deterministic estimation indicated a hazard index of 0.0986 for all inhabitants, implying no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The lifetime cancer risk value was 3.261×10−5, lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1×10−4 suggested by USEPA, while above the negligible level of 1×10−6 (USEPA) and 1×10−5 (WHO), with females facing a greater health risk than males. Probabilistic estimation indicated that approximately 0.62% of inhabitants are exposed to non-carcinogenic risk due to maize ingestion, while carcinogenic risk exceeds the maximum acceptable level (1×10−4) for 8.23% and negligible level (1×10−5) for 64.26% of inhabitants. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of arsenic in maize, the daily intake of maize, and exposure frequency of maize are the primary contributing factors in both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the content of arsenic in maize is of concern in the study region. Conclusions Based on deterministic and probabilistic risk estimation, there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks to inhabitants, while carcinogenic risk from As exposure is higher than the acceptable risk level. Females are at greater risk than males, and inhabitants under 20 years of age have the highest risk among age groups.

Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN SWEDEN <i>Psychomotor Development in Patients Detected by Clinical Signs and Symptoms</i>

Abstract. Aim, J., Larsson, A. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Congenital hypothyroidism in Sweden: Psychomotor development in patients detected by clinical signs and symptoms. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 907, 1981. Thirty‐nine children at 7 to 9 years of age with congenital hypothyroidism have been studied with respect to their intellectual, neurological and social functions. Their intellectual achievement as assessed by the WISC test, was significantly lower than in a reference population (mean IQ88, range 50–113). In children who showed signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism during their first four weeks of life, there was a negative correlation between the age when therapy was started and intellectual development. No such correlation was found in children who showed signs and symptoms after the first four weeks of life. Nine children of 26 with signs of hypothyroidism in the neonatal period, were found to have neurological abnormalities consisting of fine and gross motor disturbances. The neurological abnormalities seriously affected daily life in only the two most severely mentally retarded. No correlation was found between the age when the therapy was started and neurological abnormalities. Three children attended special schools because of mental retardation and six attended normal schools but required additional teaching assistance for learning disabilities. Our results suggest that the risk of future intellectual handicaps may be reduced by early treatment in children with hypothyroidism presenting during the neonatal period.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Error Correction for Discrete Tomography

Discrete tomography focuses on the reconstruction of functions $f: A \to \mathbb{R}$ from their line sums in a finite number $d$ of directions, where $A$ is a finite subset of $\mathbb{Z}^2$. Consequently, the techniques of discrete tomography often find application in areas where only a small number of projections are available. In 1978 M.B. Katz gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniqueness of the solution. Since then, several reconstruction methods have been introduced. Recently Pagani and Tijdeman developed a fast method to reconstruct $f$ if it is uniquely determined. Subsequently Ceko, Pagani and Tijdeman extended the method to the reconstruction of a function with the same line sums of $f$ in the general case. Up to here we assumed that the line sums are exact. In this paper we investigate the case where a small number of line sums are incorrect as may happen when discrete tomography is applied for data storage or transmission. We show how less than $d/2$ errors can be corrected and that this bound is the best possible.

Topic: Digital Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance of a Moderating Neutron Spectrometer That Uses Scintillating Fibers

The Bonner sphere is the canonical example of instruments that provide a measure of neutron spectra by using moderating and absorbing materials together with thermal-neutron detectors. For such spectrometers, the instrument response reflects a statistical average of the energy spectrum. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed neutron-sensitive cerium-activated scintillating fibers composed of lithium-silicate glass. These fibers present an enabling technology for efficient neutron spectroscopy. A moderating spectrometer was built as a testbed for materials identification. Based on the results of Monte Carlo experiments, six fiber layers are separated by polyethylene layers whose thickness has been chosen to maximize neutron spectral information. The completed, self-contained instrument, including electronics and data logging computer has a mass less than 35 kg, slightly more than half of which is polyethylene. Measurements have been performed by this instrument with various sources representing hard and soft neutron spectra. Because this instrument is a technology testbed, the data are recorded as pulse-height spectra. Results and future directions are presented.

Topic: Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular marker‐based pedigrees for animal conservation biologists

Abstract Pedigrees, depicting the genealogical relationships between individuals in a population, are of fundamental importance to several research areas including conservation biology. For example, they are useful for estimating inbreeding, heritability, selection, studying kin selection and for measuring gene flow between populations. Pedigrees constructed from direct observations of reproduction are usually unavailable for wild populations. Therefore, pedigrees for these populations are usually estimated using molecular marker data. Despite their obvious importance, and the fact that pedigrees are conceptually well understood, the methods, and limitations of marker‐based pedigree inference are often less well understood. Here we introduce animal conservation biologists to molecular marker‐based pedigrees. We briefly describe the history of pedigree inference research, before explaining the underlying theory and basic mechanics of pedigree construction using standard methods. We explain the assumptions and limitations that accompany many of these methods, before going on to explain methods that relax several of these assumptions. Finally, we look to future and discuss some recent exciting advances such as the use of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, inference of multigenerational pedigrees and incorporation of non‐genetic data such as field observations into the calculations. We also provide some guidelines on efficient marker selection in order to maximize accuracy and power. Throughout we use examples from the field of animal conservation and refer readers to appropriate software where possible. It is our hope that this review will help animal conservation biologists to understand, choose, and use the methods and tools of this fast‐moving field.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Electrocatalytic Performance of Silicotungstic Acid Modified Carbon Supported Pd Catalyst for Oxidation of Fomic Acid

The carbon supported Pd(Pd/C) anodic catalyst in the direct formic acid fuel cell(DFAFC) was prepared with the complex reduction method and the promote action of silicotungstic acid(SiWA) in the electrolyte for the oxidation of formic acid at the Pd/C catalyst was investigated.It was found that SiWA could increase the electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of formic acid.The promote action is related to the SiWA concentration.When the SiWA concentration is 0.40 g·L-1 the promote action is the largest.However,when the SiWA concentration is higher than 0.40 g·L-1,overfull adsorbed SiWA would cover too much active points of the Pd/C catalyst,leading to a decrease in the promote action of SiWA.In addition,because the adsorption of SiWA on the Pd/C catalyst decreases the adsorption strength of CO on the Pd/C catalyst,SiWA could increase the electrocatalytic stability of the Pd/C catalyst for the oxidation of formic acid and also promote the oxidation of formic acid through the direct route.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Household Active Power Consumption Dataset

This dataset is part of the Monash, UEA &amp; UCR time series regression repository. http://tseregression.org/ The goal of this dataset is to predict total active power consumption in a household. This dataset contains 1440 time series obtained from the Individual household electric power consumption dataset from the UCI repository. The time series has 5 dimensions. This includes measurements for voltage, current annd 3 sub-metering energy usage. <br> Please refer to https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Individual+household+electric+power+consumption for more details<br> <br> Source<br> Georges Hebrail (georges.hebrail '@' edf.fr), Senior Researcher, EDF R&amp;D, Clamart, France<br> Alice Berard, TELECOM ParisTech Master of Engineering Internship at EDF R&amp;D, Clamart, France

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Marx as a Model and Question: Alexander Kluge’s Critical Inquiries

Abstract Alexander Kluge’s oeuvre features aesthetic commentary as a process of problematization and investigation. With exemplary case studies of Kluge’s films, his literary collections of short stories, his television interviews, and his theory volumes composed with Oskar Negt, this article analyzes not only various forms of questions posed in these genres but also the epistemological dimension of questioning. This perspective reveals how a Marxian model of writing becomes the point of departure for Kluge’s work on artistic method. It demonstrates that his questioning concerns the disclosure of subtexts, contexts, and peripheral texts that otherwise remain unseen. As a form of dual documentation—both scientific and artistic, objective and subjective—aesthetic commentary can be read against contemporary claims that the fictionality of a “postfactual age” replaces reality after the end of the “critical age.”

Topic: Critical Theory and Political Philosophy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences