jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
p‐Type a‐Si:H Doping Using Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell Application

Plasma immersion ion implantation doping of thin a‐Si:H layers is proposed as a new and easy‐to‐process solution for the fabrication of interdigitated back contacted a‐Si/c‐Si heterojunction solar cells (SHJ). This study is focused on boron implantation (at low acceleration voltages in the range of 500–1500 V) in a‐Si:H layers on a c‐Si substrate, to create the strongly doped emitter while maintaining very high c‐Si surface passivation, required for high efficiency SHJ solar cells. The influence of implantation parameters and post‐annealing temperature on the a‐Si:H layer conductivity and passivation quality are assessed. The doped layers conductivity is also investigated by direct and indirect electrical characterization of the density of states in a‐Si:H after ion implantation, and the post‐implantation annealing. Eventually, an interesting passivation/doping trade‐off is obtained after annealing at 300 °C of samples implanted at 1000 V with implied open circuit voltage values of 710 (±5) mV and conductivity values of the doped a‐Si:H layer of 3.0 (±1.0) × 10 −5 Ω −1 cm −1 , which demonstrates that such approach is promising for processing IBC‐SHJ cells.

Topic: Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Combination of mTOR inhibitor PP242 and AMPK activator metformin exerts enhanced inhibitory effects on colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro by blocking multiple kinase pathways

The second-generation mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor PP242 has demonstrated limited success in some rapamycin-insensitive tumours. We examined the therapeutic potential of combining PP242 with adenosine 50- monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin, using a panel of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines. We found that the PP242 and metformin combination enhanced the suppression of CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cancer cell apoptosis induction. The effect of this combination was observed on AMPK phosphorylation. Western blotting showed that PP242 inhibited mTORC1 activation, as indicated by the reduced expression of its major substrate p-S6K1 and the partially reduced phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). The inhibition of mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation at Ser 473 (AKT Ser473) was transient and occurred in the first few hours of PP242 treatment; metformin exposure decreased the PP242 activity, counteracting AKT activation. We further demonstrated that this was related to direct AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser789. Thus, the combination of PP242 and metformin completely blocked the activity of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinase. This study suggests that this combination could be a more effective strategy for the treatment of CRC.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The College Station Residential Energy Compliance Code

The City of College Station, Texas adopted a\nnew residential Energy Compliance Code in January,\n1988. The code, which strengthens compliance\nrequirements in several areas, has received broadly\nbased support and acceptance from all major\nconstituent groups. It is less than one-fourth the\nlength of the code it replaced, and compliance is\ngreatly simplified through use of a check-list\ncompliance path supplemented by point system and\nenergy analysis paths. Results of air leakage\nmeasurements used to justify the stronger\ninfiltration requirements of the code are reported.\nThe process used to develop consensus support and\nkey features of the code are described.

Topic: Energy Efficiency and Management
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Semi-Automated Mapping of German Study Data Concepts to an English Common Data Model

The standardization of data from medical studies and hospital information systems to a common data model such as the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) model can help make large datasets available for analysis using artificial intelligence approaches. Commonly, automatic mapping without intervention from domain experts delivers poor results. Further challenges arise from the need for translation of non-English medical data. Here, we report the establishment of a mapping approach which automatically translates German data variable names into English and suggests OMOP concepts. The approach was set up using study data from the Hamburg City Health Study. It was evaluated against the current standard, refined, and tested on a separate dataset. Furthermore, different types of graphical user interfaces for the selection of suggested OMOP concepts were created and assessed. Compared to the current standard our approach performs slightly better. Its main advantage lies in the automatic processing of German phrases into English OMOP concept suggestions, operating without the need for human intervention. Challenges still lie in the adequate translation of nonstandard expressions, as well as in the resolution of abbreviations into long names.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Heat Stress at Different Grain‐Filling Phases on the Grain Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize

ABSTRACT Effects of heat stress (mean day/night temperatures of 35.2/16.1 and 27.4/15.6°C for heat stress and control, respectively) during different grain‐filling phases (1–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, and 1–40 days after pollination [DAP]) on the grain yield and quality of waxy maize were investigated using two varieties. Heat stress decreased the number and weight of grains, thereby reducing grain yield. The effects of heat stress at an early grain development stage (before 20 DAP) were severe. Compared with the control, starch deposition was not affected by heat stress in Suyunuo5, and it was only decreased by heat stress at 1–10 DAP in Yunuo7. Protein content responses to heat stress were variety and stage dependent. Heat stress increased the iodine‐binding capacities of both varieties. Peak and breakdown viscosities were decreased by heat stress, and the effects gradually decreased with postponement of high temperature. Heat stress increased gelatinization temperature and retrogradation percentage for both varieties, and the response was stage dependent. Heat stress during the whole grain‐filling period increased the pasting and gelatinization temperatures but decreased gelatinization enthalpy. Changes in protein and starch contents as well as the proportion of long chains in amylopectin affected the pasting and thermal properties.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Improved Analysis for Squeezing of Newtonian Material between Two Circular Plates

This article presents a scheme for the analysis of an unsteady axisymmetric flow of incompressible Newtonian material in the form of liquid squeezed between two circular plates. The scheme combines traditional perturbation technique with homotopy using an adaptation of the Laplace Transform. The proposed method is tested against other schemes such as the Regular Perturbation Method (RPM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM), and the fourth-order Explicit Runge-Kutta Method (ERK4). Comparison of the solutions along with absolute residual errors confirms that the proposed scheme surpasses HPM, OHAM, RPM, and ERK4 in terms of accuracy. The article also investigates the effect of Reynolds number on the velocity profile and pressure variation graphically.

Topic: Fractional Differential Equations Solutions
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Traumatic arteriovenous fistula associated to pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery in a child – Case report and literature review

As fistulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) e os pseudoaneurismas traumaticos extracranianos sao malformacoes incomuns e, em sua maioria, estao associadas a traumatismo craniano fechado com lesao contusa de forte intensidade. O diagnostico em geral e clinico, porem o exame de escolha para o diagnostico definitivo e a angiografia. Nos casos em que a lesao e pequena, e possivel aborda-la com embolizacao via endovascular com sucesso. A excisao cirurgica, no entanto, ainda e o metodo de escolha para o tratamento. E relatado um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 9 anos de idade, diagnosticado com FAV, acometendo o ramo frontal da arteria temporal superficial, secundaria a trauma craniano contundente ocorrido tres anos antes do diagnostico.

Topic: Vascular Procedures and Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anaphylaxis following Administration of Tetanus Toxoid

formation are stressed.The bacteriological findings are summarized.The main features of the acute, recurrent, and chronic forms are described.The largest group is the recurrent one, with some overlap of the other groups into this.The acute cases never pursue as fulminating a course as do some of the Staph.aureuis ones.In the reCurrent group the exacerbations tend to be more acute and more severe than those in the Strep.viriidants cases, and at times pass unexpectedly on to suppuration within the gland and marked constitutional distuLrbance.SLIppuration and fistula formation are the only likely complications.In the recurrent cases the parotid saliva is characteristically profuse and tenacioLls, and contains pus and a large amount of muCus.The sialographic changes are described in the reCLulrrent cases and are usually grosser in type than in the Step.viriiida(nts cases.The various lines of treatment are outlined.The main differences between recurrent parotitis due to the pneumo- coccus and that due to the Strep.viridans are suLmmarized.Prognosis in all cases is good as to life.In the acute group fulminating cases do not occuLr, and although recovery is the rule the condition may pass into the recur- rent phase.In the recurrent group the exacerbations at times tend to be severe, and there is always a considerable element of uncertainty as to the development of suppura- tion.On the basis of the evidence presented it is suLggested that the natural history of pneumococcal parotitis possesses many characteristics which distinguish it from the other common forms of pyogenic parotitis.

Topic: Intramuscular injections and effects
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Heresy Trials in the Diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, 1511–12

During the late 1480s there began a revival of the Lollard heresy that had been driven underground early in the century by the repressive measures of Henry IV and his successor. Had such measures been taken with the same vigour at this time, it would no doubt have been driven underground once more; but in their absence it began to flourish, and by the end of the first decade of the sixteenth century it had become a serious menace. The Convocation of 1511 was convened to discuss the suppression of heresy, for ‘In this tyme also we perceue contradiction of the lay people … We are also nowe a dayes reued of heretykes, men mad with marueylous folysshnes’. The archbishop of Canterbury gave the example to the rest by initiating an extensive persecution in his own diocese of Canterbury. The bishop of London, Fitzjames, had already begun to move against the heretics in his jurisdiction in 1510, and completed his first major persecution by burning two of them in 1511. At the same time bishop Smith of Lincoln was busy examining heretics in Buckinghamshire.

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from Breast Tumor Kinase (Brk/PTK6) Is a Mediator of Hypoxia-Associated Breast Cancer Progression

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 4524K, Regulation of Brk protein and mRNA expression in MCF7 cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reply to Opler on Apachean Subsistence, Residence, and Girls' Puberty Rites

Archaeological evidence shows that Apaches occupied the central Plains area from A.D. 1525–1725 in Wyoming, South Dakota. Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado. Toward the end of this period they were semi‐sedentary farmers living in houses generically like those of the Plains‐Prairies earth lodge. Because in their southward migration they contacted Plains‐Prairies farmers earlier than those in the Southwest proper, and farming was women‐dominated and residence matrilocal for the Hidatsa, Mandan, Arikara, Pawnee, and Wichita, it seems highly probable that these Plains Apaches acquired matrilocal residence and a female farming division of labor at this time before contacting Tanoans in the Southwest. The more western Apacheans, who may not have had contact with Plains tribes, could have acquired matrilocal residence from western Pueblos, including the Keresans, who were probably all matrilocal before Spanish contact. It is doubtful that the wild plant gathering of Apachean women was sufficient to cause matrilocal residence, because in parts of California and the Great Basin where women gathered a greater proportion of the diet than Apachean women, residence was vary rarely matrilocal.

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of hyperoxia on DNA synthesis in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells

The mode of action of hyperoxia on the inhibition of DNA synthesis from thymidine (dThd) was studied in primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (EC) at confluence. A significant effect of hyperoxia on dThd uptake was detected only after a 48-h exposure to 95% O2. On the other hand, decrease in dThd kinase activity was already observed after a 12-h exposure, and the time course of its reduction followed closely that of the inhibition of dThd incorporation into DNA. The incorporation of dThd triphosphate into DNA in permeabilized EC was unaffected by hyperoxia. Determination of DNA alpha- and beta-polymerase activities showed that hyperoxia reduced the activity of the alpha-polymerase and increased that of the beta-polymerase. We conclude that most of the O2 effects on DNA synthesis from dThd can be attributed to dThd kinase inhibition. The increased activity of DNA beta-polymerase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair, also supports the view that hyperoxia could damage DNA.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
INFLUENCE OF FLUID MANAGEMENT ON PULMONARY MICROCIRCULATION DURING LPS INDUCED SEPSIS

Growing evidence supports substantial pathophysiological impact of platelets (PLT) and their interactions on the development of septic lung failure. We developed a rat model of sepsis for direct in-situ visualization of pulmonary microcirculation by in vivo fluorescence videomicroscopy. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control, sepsis (E. coli LPS, 15 mg/kg i.v.) and fluid management for circulatory stabilization (Ringer-Laktat, Haes 6%) groups (n = 8 each). Leukocytes were labeled in vivo by Rhoadamine (9 μmol/kg) and 5 × 107 Calcein-AM-labeled (1 μg/ml) non-activated PLT were injected. Microcirculatory parameters (eg. ventilation-perfusion-ratio) and characteristics of PLT and leukocytes (velocitity, adhaesion, rolling, sticking) within the pulmonary microcirculation were quantified after sepsis induction under various regimens of fluid substitution for 60 min. A reduction of cell velocity and enhanced cell adhaesion was seen in leukocytes and PLT (P < 0,05) after LPS injection. Fluid treatment with Haes 6% resulted in a significant increase of PLT velocity compared to the LPS group (442,86 ± 20,60 vs. 343,93 ± 11,17; P < 0,05) while Ringer-Laktat showed no beneficial effect. Similarly, Haes 6% normalized LPS-induced PLT rolling and sticking. Using direct visualization of the pulmonary microcirculation we observed that PLT and leukocyte interactions are enhanced during LPS-induced sepsis. Fluid therapy with Haes 6% seems to have restaurative effects on these cellular functions within the pulmonary microcirculation.

Topic: Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Robust control of a high temperature multiburner heating plant

The design of robust linear and nonlinear controllers for a multiburner heating plant commonly seen in industry is described. First a nonlinear controller design based on sliding mode theory is developed. A nonlinear observer is used for state estimation and the resulting nonlinear controller-observer pair is implemented on a nonlinear simulation facility. An H∞ approach is employed to design a linear robust controller. The nonlinear simulation results for this controller are also shown. Finally, a quantative comparison between the performance of both controllers is presented.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Combined effect of promoter polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor and the serotonin transporter genes in heroin dependence.

Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and serotonin transporter (SERT) gene polymorphisms were studied, as possible genetic risk factors for substance dependence. The case-control study involved a large cohort (n = 362) of healthy Caucasian population, and an initial sample of 73 substance dependent patients (including a subgroup of 53 heroin dependents). Improved methods were applied for genotype detection of the DRD4 polymorphisms (exon 3 48 bp VNTR; -521 C/T SNP and 120 bp duplication in the 5' flanking region) and the SERT gene polymorphisms (5-hydroxytriptamin transporter linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR] in the 5' flanking region and the intron 2 VNTR [STin2]). Association between the -521 C/T SNP of the DRD4 promoter region and substance dependence was significant in the subgroup of heroin dependents (p = 0.044). The other analyzed polymorphisms did not show any significant association, but an interaction between -521 C/T SNP of DRD4 and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms was observed. Association between the -521 CC vs. CT or TT genotypes and heroin dependence was enhanced in the presence of short (s or 14-repeat) 5-HTTLPR allele (p 0.01). The odds ratio of 2.14 observed for the -521 CC genotype increased to 4.82 in double homozygotes of -521 CC and 5-HTTLPR ss, emphasizing the importance of combined analysis of polymorphisms in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in heroin dependence. However, due to the limited size of our sample these results should be interpreted with caution.

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Demographic and employment shifts: implications for benefits and economic security.

This Issue Brief examines factors affecting the population's age distribution and composition, such as mortality rates, fertility rates, and immigration. In addition, it examines factors affecting labor force composition, such as immigration, increased labor force participation of women, and retirement trends, and discusses the potential impact of these changes on publicly financed programs: Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and federal employee retirement systems. The discussion also highlights the implications of these population and labor force changes on employers, employees, and retirees. The elderly population--now 31.8 million, representing 12.6 percent of the population--is projected to experience tremendous growth between 2010 and 2030, when the baby boom generation reaches age 65, rising from 39.7 million, or 13.3 percent of the population, to 69.8 million, or 20.2 percent of the population. Growth in the elderly population has implications for retirement and health care systems. Population projections suggest that the traditionally pyramid-shaped work force, with a proportionately greater number of younger workers than older workers, will be replaced with a more even age distribution. Consequently, significant and continued modifications to benefit packages, such as changes in compensation structures in which earnings automatically rise with age, are likely to occur. Women's labor force participation began to accelerate in the mid-1950s, rising 75 percent among women aged 25-44 in 1991, although there is some indication that this growth may be flattening. With women comprising a greater part of the labor force, employers will be encouraged to develop and implement programs to better accommodate their needs. Increased life expectancy, a decreased percentage of entry level workers, changes in Social Security's normal retirement age from 65 to 67, and employer plans to raise the normal age of retirement or provide incentives to delay retirement, could raise the average age of retirement. However, other factors, such as poor health, other sources of retirement income, and individual preferences for retirement, could still dominate the retirement decision. The combination of increased average life expectancy guaranteeing more years of retirement to finance and rising dependency ratios increases the future cost of Social Security financing. Medicare financing is also an important policy issue because the program is projected to experience financial difficulties in the short term, resulting from explosive health care costs. In addition, Medicaid expenditures are consuming increasing amount of shrinking state budget resources--a large portion of which is used to finance nursing home care for a growing elderly population.

Topic: Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigating the Mediating Role of Organizational Culture in the Organizational Commitment–Teacher Autonomy–Work Ethics Nexus among Higher Education Teachers: A SEM Approach

This study develops and validates a structural model examining the interplay between organizational culture, organizational commitment, teacher autonomy, and work ethics among higher education faculty in India. Using survey data from 524 faculty members, the research employs confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test direct and mediated relationships among the four constructs. Findings reveal that teacher autonomy and organizational commitment exert significant positive influences on work ethics, while organizational culture shows no direct effect. However, organizational culture partially mediates the relationship between organizational commitment and work ethics, accounting for 13.31% of the total effect, whereas no mediation is observed between teacher autonomy and work ethics. Path analysis further establishes that both teacher autonomy and organizational commitment positively shape organizational culture. The overall model demonstrates a good fit across absolute, incremental, and parsimony indices, confirming its robustness. The study highlights the importance of fostering autonomy-supportive environments and strengthening organizational commitment to enhance faculty work ethics, with organizational culture serving as a reinforcing mechanism. The findings contribute to higher education management literature and offer practical implications for institutional reforms, faculty development programs, and policy frameworks aimed at promoting ethical practices and sustainable academic environments.

Topic: Ethics in Business and Education
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences