jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Decoding Pneumonia: Leveraging CNNS for Accurate Chest X-Ray Classification

Pneumonia is a known potentially fatal lung disease that is frequently referred to as a silent killer since it can lead to lung alveoli filling with pus or fluid, mainly from fungal, viral, or bacterial infections. Chest X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool for pneumonia; however, the diagnosis becomes more complex when other pulmonary disorders such volume loss, haemorrhage, lung cancer, fluid overload, and consequences from radiation or surgery are taken into account. As a result, the interpretation of chest X-rays becomes complex, which makes the development of computer-aided diagnosis systems necessary to help physicians make decisions that are more accurate. In order to diagnose pneumonia from chest X-ray pictures, the research reported here uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) enhanced with a self-attention mechanism. 'Normal' and 'pneumonia' classes are included in the dataset used in the study methodology, and data augmentation techniques are applied to improve the model's resilience. By means of extensive evaluation metrics and visualizations, the study highlights the potential of the suggested model as a useful instrument to aid clinicians in diagnosing pneumonia, consequently reducing the difficulties linked to the interpretation of chest X-rays in the context of various pulmonary conditions.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
▾ Fluconazole and ▾ Itraconazole for vulvo-vaginal candidosis

Fluconazole (Diflucan - Pfizer) and itraconazole (Sporanox - Janssen) are both claimed to be effective oral therapy for vaginal candidosis. Both makers also claim that patients prefer oral to topical treatment.

Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Review: Dry Emulsion

The dry Emulsion formulation aim to improve the bioavailability of drug substances and reduce their side effects. Dry Emulsions are attractive because they are physically and microbiologically stable formulations. They represent a potential oral drug delivery system for lipophilic and low soluble drug substances. Dry emulsions are prepared by drying liquid o/w emulsions containing a solid carrier in the aqueous phase. The solid carrier provides the dry emulsions with bulk and mass.. Dry emulsions can be prepared by spray drying, lyophilization and rotary evaporation. Unfortunately the dry emulsions were cohesive powders. The cohesiveness are reduced by addition of sucrose. For preparing dry Emulsions the organic fillers used are Lactose, Mannitol, Malto-dextrins.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on the Reflective Principle and Long-Term Skid Resistance of a Sustainable Hydrophobic Hot-Melt Marking Paint

Road marking is very important for driving safety and reducing the accident rate as a basic component of highway construction. However, traditional road marking paints are prone to be worn after short-term application and have poor durability and reflective performance. To address these problems, the marking paint was modified using the organic polymer material polytetrafluoroethylene to create a durable hydrophobic hot-melt marking paint. The factors affecting the reflective performance of marking lines are analyzed, and artificial accelerated abrasion tests were carried out to analyze the skid resistance and marking retroreflection coefficient of hydrophobic coatings. Results show that the texture of the glass beads and the quality of the coating plays a major role in the reflective performance of the marking line. The friction coefficient value of the modified marking paint is 4.62% higher than that of the traditional hot-melt marking paint. The retroreflection performance of the marking paint with 4% hydrophobic material is 8.45% higher than the initial value of the retroreflection coefficient of the traditional hot-melt marking paints. This sustainable hydrophobic hot-melt marking paint is safer and more durable than traditional pavement marking paints, which may save follow-up maintenance resources and cost from the sustainable aspect.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Watani Habibi: My beloved homeland [Short film]

In 2007 project collaborator Janice Abo Ganis and I were invited by Te Wananga o Aotearoa to screen our documentary film, WATANI HABIBI:My Beloved Homeland at the conference as it was appropriate to the conference theme: Knowledge in form.
We then collaborated in an open ended discussion about the process of developing the project in collaboration with Palestinian musicians and the timely importance of producing this introductory work to a fairly fallow area of Western research and dissemination of information.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Energy Management Strategy Optimization for Application of an Electrical Variable Transmission System in a Hybrid Electric City Bus

The present study assesses utilization of an Electrical Variable Transmission system for application in the drivetrain of a hybrid electric city bus. To this end, first the corresponding modeling for a hybrid bus topology is performed in presence of a gearbox. Secondly, two optimization-based energy management strategies (EMS) coupled into a Rule-based EMS are examined. The corresponding investigations are performed towards achieving optimized EMSs for efficient power distribution between the drivetrain components. The main outcome of this research addresses improving the fuel consumption while sustaining the State of Charge of the battery for the studied city bus.

Topic: Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anticipating the Self: Toward a Personal Construct Model of Emotion

Abstract Previous accounts of the role of emotion in construct theory place insufficient emphasis on the constructive role of emotion as a “feeling toward.” Emotion is regarded either as an epiphenomenon of acts of construal or as an outcome of prior cognitive processes. It is argued in this paper that emotion performs an anticipatory role in pursuit of the current concerns of the self, a view that follows from a closer analysis of the function of anticipation. A revision of the control systems theory of Carver and Scheier (1981) is proposed, in which emotional anticipation at the level of the self is distinguished from schema-based anticipation at the level of behavior. Given the framework of personal construct theory as a method of analysis, this revised view of emotion enables a range of self-concept processes to be better understood.

Topic: Emotions and Moral Behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors influencing patients’ preferences and perceived involvement in shared decision making in mental health care

AbstractBackground: Although research has suggested that patients desire to participate in shared decision-making, recent studies show that most patients take a passive role in their treatment decisions. The discrepancy between patients’ expressed desire and actual behaviors underscores the need to better understand how patients perceive shared decision-making and what factors influence their participation.Aims: To investigate patients’ preferences and appraisals of their involvement in treatment decisions.Methods: Fifty-four qualitative interviews were conducted with veterans receiving outpatient mental health care at a U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Participants outlined several factors that influence their preferences and involvement in treatment decisions. These include the patient–provider relationship, fear of being judged, perceived inadequacy, and a history of substance abuse.Conclusion: Patients’ preferences and willingness to engag...

Topic: Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
When therapeutic worlds collide? On Bion's concept of reversible perspective: A brief review and clinical case illustration

Abstract In this paper, the author, after reviewing Wilfred Bion's concept of reversible perspective, illustrates how the deployment of the mechanism invariably distorts the psychotherapeutic relationship. It is suggested that reversible perspective operates principally to attack awareness of the therapist–patient relationship, the therapeutic boundaries of treatment, and the aims and goals of psychotherapy. In the clinical case under discussion, the author demonstrates how projective identification is utilised by the patient in order both to confirm a sense of narcissistic omnipotence and to defend against awareness of profound psychological distress, in relation to the serious illness of a family member. In this sense, as Bion had pointed out, reversible perspective appears to emerge from the psychotic part of the personality, in order to combat certain types of mental pain and distress that are felt to be intolerable to the individual. The author also suggests a linkage between addictive behaviours and the mechanism of reversible perspective.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Biased versus Partial Agonism in the Search for Safer Opioid Analgesics

Opioids such as morphine—acting at the mu opioid receptor—are the mainstay for treatment of moderate to severe pain and have good efficacy in these indications. However, these drugs produce a plethora of unwanted adverse effects including respiratory depression, constipation, immune suppression and with prolonged treatment, tolerance, dependence and abuse liability. Studies in β-arrestin 2 gene knockout (βarr2(−/−)) animals indicate that morphine analgesia is potentiated while side effects are reduced, suggesting that drugs biased away from arrestin may manifest with a reduced-side-effect profile. However, there is controversy in this area with improvement of morphine-induced constipation and reduced respiratory effects in βarr2(−/−) mice. Moreover, studies performed with mice genetically engineered with G-protein-biased mu receptors suggested increased sensitivity of these animals to both analgesic actions and side effects of opioid drugs. Several new molecules have been identified as mu receptor G-protein-biased agonists, including oliceridine (TRV130), PZM21 and SR–17018. These compounds have provided preclinical data with apparent support for bias toward G proteins and the genetic premise of effective and safer analgesics. There are clinical data for oliceridine that have been very recently approved for short term intravenous use in hospitals and other controlled settings. While these data are compelling and provide a potential new pathway-based target for drug discovery, a simpler explanation for the behavior of these biased agonists revolves around differences in intrinsic activity. A highly detailed study comparing oliceridine, PZM21 and SR–17018 (among others) in a range of assays showed that these molecules behave as partial agonists. Moreover, there was a correlation between their therapeutic indices and their efficacies, but not their bias factors. If there is amplification of G-protein, but not arrestin pathways, then agonists with reduced efficacy would show high levels of activity at G-protein and low or absent activity at arrestin; offering analgesia with reduced side effects or ‘apparent bias’. Overall, the current data suggests—and we support—caution in ascribing biased agonism to reduced-side-effect profiles for mu-agonist analgesics.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Causal modelling of developmental disorders: insights from animal and computational models of Specifi c Language Impairment Themis Karaminis

Neurodevelopmental disorders have been consistently associated with increased risk for emotional, behavioural and mental health difficulties. Research highlights the long-term consequences of childhood mental health difficulties. As is the case for children with typical development, anxiety in children with neurodevelopmental disorders appears to be related to a range of factors, including age and level of cognitive functioning. For some children with neurodevelopmental disabilities mental age (MA), that is the age at which a child is performing intellectually, may not be synonymous with chronological age (CA), with potentially significant heterogeneity within samples. Understanding the interactions between anxiety and core characteristics of the neurodevelopmental disorders under investigation is critical for the development of appropriate theoretical models to guide assessment and intervention. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders may present with an uneven cognitive profile, with relative strengths in some areas and deficits in others. Accurate and reliable diagnosis of comorbid mental health disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders is of major importance.

Topic: Language Development and Disorders
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Maxillofacial reconstruction with prefabricated prelaminated osseous free flaps

Abstract Background The prefabricated fibula flap is an advanced method of occlusal‐based reconstruction that combines placement of osseointegrated dental implants with prelamination, using a split skin graft on the fibula, weeks prior to the definitive reconstruction. This approach is resource intensive but has several advantages including eliminating the delay from reconstruction to dental rehabilitation. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all prefabricated fibula flaps used for mandible and maxillary reconstruction from 2012 to 2020 was performed. Outcome measures were implant survival, implant utilization and functional dental rehabilitation. Results A total of 17 prefabricated fibula flaps were performed including two analogue and 15 digital plans. There were nine maxillary and eight mandibular reconstructions, of which 11 were primary and seven were secondary. There were no free flap failures. A total of 65 implants were placed (average 3.8, median 3 implants). There was one implant failure at 6 years giving a 1.5% failure rate. There was 91% implant utilization and 94% functional dental rehabilitation. Conclusion The prefabricated fibula flap provides outstanding dental rehabilitation in well‐selected patients.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Arts in Health

While the arts and health have been deeply connected throughout human history, arts in health, “a field dedicated to using the power of the arts to enhance health and well-being in diverse institutional and community contexts” as defined by the National Organization for Arts in Health, has emerged as a formal field of practice and academic discipline over the past three decades. Arts in health is the umbrella term for arts in health care and arts in public health. Within health-care settings, artists and arts programming/practices enrich the environment of care, provide creative opportunities for staff, visitors, and patients, and have been linked to specific health outcomes for the latter including less pain and anxiety, reduced length of hospital stay, and increased satisfaction. Arts in public health is an emerging discipline where public health intersects with arts and culture. It engages arts and cultural practices for health promotion, prevention, communication, and well-being in communities outside of clinical settings. Arts in public health programs may help people cope with chronic health conditions and are often designed to enhance well-being, happiness, social cohesion, and the opportunity to flourish both individually and collectively. This discipline recognizes that artists have long worked in communities to improve the human condition; however, while many artists address health-related concerns in their work, not all such work can be subsumed under the umbrella of arts in public health. Work that fits under this umbrella is that in which collaboration takes place among professionals and practitioners in the public health and arts and culture sectors for health promotion. While aligned with arts in health, creative arts therapies remain a clinical discipline wherein trained creative arts therapists address medical and mental health problems. Medical humanities explore connections between the health sciences and humanities, inclusive of the arts. Arts in health professionals are not clinical care providers, rather they are professionals, including artists, who are trained to facilitate the arts in either a health-care or public health/community setting or partnership. Although this article focuses on arts in health, there will be a significant emphasis on arts in public health. The authors would like to thank members of the University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Lab: Karen Coker, Aaron Colverson, Alexandra Rodriguez, Prasanna Vankina, and Yanlin Wang, who contributed to this manuscript through assistance with locating citations and formatting.

Topic: Empathy and Medical Education
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessing Responsible Care implementation for sustainability in Malaysian chemical industries

Purpose The Responsible Care programme was first introduced in Canada in 1985 and now is implemented worldwide as one of the chemical industries' commitments to improve the industries' public image as well as their performance in health, safety and environmental aspects. In Malaysia, the Responsible Care programme has been implemented since 1994 with a current total of 148 companies pledged to implement it in their company; however, the effectiveness of the programme remains unknown. Hence, this paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the Responsible Care programme in improving performance in the environment, health and safety in terms of documentation, training, selection processes and stakeholders' engagement for the sustainability of chemical industries. Design/methodology/approach A survey was administered to the Responsible Care signatory companies in Malaysia. Of these, a total of 132 member companies either produced or provided services related to chemical products. Findings The majority of signatory companies agreed that the Responsible Care programme did improve their performance in the environment, health and safety. Besides that, the signatory companies were also keeping up their commitment to ensuring documentation, training, selection process and stakeholders' engagement run smoothly in line with Responsible Care's mission. Originality/value After more than two decades of implementation in Malaysia, it is important to assess the Responsible Care programme's effectiveness. As an increasing number of chemical firms, without good management, it will possibly pose a danger to the environment and human health and safety. Through assessment, advances in Responsible Care management practices will considerably increase programme effectiveness in terms of environmental health and safety.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Hierarchical Sequential Feature Extraction Network for Radar Target Recognition Based on HRRP

Radar high resolution range profile (HRRP) contains lots of discriminative information for radar automatic target recognition (RATR). The temporal dependence information in HRRP can provide the scatter distribution information at different times, which is particularly important for RATR and attracts intensive attention among researchers. Recently dynamic methods have been proposed to extract time sequential features for RATR and achieved promising performance. However, most of these time sequential features extraction methods only focus on temporal dependence information between HRRP range cells and pay little attention to the time sequential features of HRRP sequences. Aiming at this problem, a novel hierarchical time sequential feature extraction network is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, we firstly transform one whole HRRP sample into several small HRRP sequences by the sequential information preprocessing (SIP) module, and then, we proposed the time sequential feature between HRRP range cells (TSFR) module and time sequential feature between HRRP sequences (TSFS) module to extract hierarchical sequential features. Compared with other time sequential feature extraction methods, the proposed TSFS module extracted time sequential features of HRRP sequences based on the information of temporal dependence between HRRP range cells, rather than from HRRP sequences directly. Besides, we also employed a feature fusion module to improve the stability of the model. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method, experiments on an airplane electromagnetic calculation dataset were conducted and experimental results showed the superiority of it. At last, comparative experiments have been conducted to explore the contribution of each module in the hierarchical time sequential feature extraction network.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PERENCANAAN PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU OBAT CIMAFORTDl PT. IMEDCO JAYA PHARMACEUTICAL

The general objective of this study was (1) to analize management inventory acontrol of medicine raw material at PT. lmedco Jaya Pharmaceutical (2) to determine alternative inventory control. of raw material (3) Formulating improvement suggestion in management inventory control of medicine raw material. several alternative inventory control was proposed to determine the ootimum level of inventorv of raw material which propoer to the production level n'eeds. This thesis used of sizing approach of economic order quantity method and lot for lot method. By using these methods inventory cost of raw material was expected in the minimum level which proper to the production level needs. The result of this study showed that economic order quantity method and lot for lot method can be used to minimize inventory cost of medicine raw material of Cimafort

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences