jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effect of Ethyl Acetate and n-Butanol Fractions of Wine-Steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), the dry and ripe fruit of Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton (Oleaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the liver and kidney in clinics for thousands of years. Wine-steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (WLL) can alleviate coolness and smoothness of LLF and enhance the function of nourishing the liver and kidney, so ancient and modern medicine usually used it in clinics. First of all, we prepared the extracts of different polar fractions of WLL to explore the effective fractions and potential mechanisms of WLL in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Then, HPLC method was used to determine the contents of 12 active components in WLL and its different polar components. Finally, the potential relationship between 12 active components and physicochemical parameters of DN rats was explored. The pharmacological experiments showed that WLL, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts not only significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms and kidney damage of DN rats but also had obvious anti-inﬂammatory and antioxidant eﬀects. In addition, the results of HPLC analysis showed that the 12 active components of WLL mainly existed in the extracts of EtOAc and n-BuOH. The Pearson correlation analysis showed 12 active components and physicochemical parameters had different degrees of correlation. In conclusion, we proved that the extracts of EtOAc and n-BuOH were the effective fractions of WLL in treating DN in rats, and they could regulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines and decrease oxidation stress, which provides a basis for further research on the mechanism of WLL in treating DN and provides a pharmacological and chemical foundation for the development of new anti-DN drugs.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of The Workplace Attachment Scale (WAtS): evidence of validity and reliability

Attachment refers to affective-emotional bonds developed early between child and caretaker, and to its consequences throughout life. This study aimed at constructing a measure to assess adult attachment in workplace relationships. The sample of the study consisted of 450 adult participants (62.2% female; M= 24 years old, SD= 6.69%) included in the labor market. The results of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a three-dimensional structure that evaluated aspects of security, anxiety and avoidance of attachment in workplace situations, explaining 55% of the total variance. In addition, dimensions in both analyses showed omega coefficients high than .80. The measure presented expected correlations with close attachment, career success, satisfaction with life and self-efficacy dimensions. In conclusion, this study offers a validated measure: The Workplace Attachment Scale (WAtS), in Brazilian Portuguese that enables the investigation of attachment relationships in the workplace.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of married infertile women

Aim: The aim was to determine effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women. Methods: Method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group and statistical population was infertile women referred to 26 infertility treatment centers in Tehran in 2017 who, according to body multidimensional questionnaire’s Cash (1994) were dissatisfied with their body image. 30 infertile woman were selected using a two stage cluster sampling method and were placed randomly in two experimental and control groups. In this way, two centers namely, Hilal Ahmar Rooyesh and Khatam Ol-Anbiya were selected and participants were randomly selected from these centers and completed two questionnaires Larsson's (1976) Sexual Satisfaction Scale and Spinner's (1998) Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image, based on previous research by Cash and Strachan (2002) and Rosen, Saltzberg and Srebnik (1998) was implemented in experimental group once a week in nine sessions of 90 minutes duration. Data was analyzed using analysis of mixed variance with repeated measures. Results: Results showed significant difference between experimental and control groups in increased sexual satisfaction (F= 6.173, P= 0.019) and marital adjustment (F= 4.768, P= 0.039) scores in posttest and two month follow-up. Conclusion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of body image leads to self-confidence in sexual relationships and improves sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women. This may occur as a result of modifying negative beliefs about physical appearance and replacing them with positive thoughts.

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Testing aircraft generators

The modern fighting airplane requires a large amount of electric power for its successful operation. The aircraft generator provides a reliable source of power at the lowest possible weight. The development of these generators has required close co ordination of design, testing, and interpretation of test results. The tests include raw material, parts, laboratory, life, mechanical, and flight tests. This paper describes tests which have been made and the interpretations which have led to improvements in d-c aircraft generators.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Mathematical Model for Fingerprinting-based Localization Algorithms

A general theoretical framework for Fingerprinting Localization Algorithms (FPS), given their popularity, can be utilized for their performance studies. In this work, after setting up an abstract model for FPS, it is shown that fingerprinting-based localization problem can be cast as a hypothesis testing (HT) problem and therefore various results in HT literature can be used to provide insights, guidelines and performance bounds for general FPS. This framework results in characterization of scaling limits of localization reliability in terms of number of measurements and other environmental parameters. It is suggested that Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between probability distributions of selected feature for fingerprinting at different locations encapsulates information about both accuracy and latency and can be used as a central performance metric for studying FPS. Although developed for an arbitrary fingerprint, the framework is particularly used for studying simple Received Signal Strength (RSS)- based algorithm. The effect of various parameters on the performance of fingerprinting algorithms is discussed, which includes path loss and fading characteristics, number of measurements at each point, number of anchors and their position, and placement of training points. Representative simulations and experimentation are used to verify validity of the theoretical frameworks in realistic setups.

Topic: Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Linking Pattern to Process: Intensity Analysis of Land-Change Dynamics in Ghana as Correlated to Past Socioeconomic and Policy Contexts

Spatio-temporal analysis of transitions in land cover is critical to understanding many ecological challenges, especially in environmentally vulnerable regions. For instance, in Sub-Saharan Africa, large-scale cropland expansion is expected due to the increasing demand for fuel, food, and fibre. Clearing land for cropland expansion is a driving factor in the degradation of natural ecosystems. We present a spatio-temporal analysis of land-cover change in Ghana’s Northern, Upper East, and Upper West provinces using Intensity Analysis on the periods from 1992 to 2003 and 2003 to 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the intensity of land-use and land-cover (LULC) change is consistent between the two periods and to investigate the direction and extent of change for different LULC categories in northern Ghana. The methodology measures land-cover changes at the interval, category, and transition levels. The results suggest that the annual rate of land change was higher between 1992 and 2003 compared to that between 2003 and 2015. Furthermore, the category-level analysis reveals that the gains in the arable land and tree/forest-cover classes during both time intervals were higher than the uniform intensity. The transition-level analysis results indicate that most of the gains in arable land and tree/forest-cover came at the cost of semi-arid shrublands during both periods. There is also evidence of local increases in forest-cover, likely linked to afforestation policies established by the Ghanian government; however, overall, there has been a loss of natural habitat. The study provides data to improve our understanding of the magnitude and direction of land-cover change, essential for the development of policies designed to mitigate the impact of land-cover change on the livelihoods of local people and the environment at the national and sub-national levels.

Topic: Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reform by Franco of Cologne as the basis of rhythmic notation

The article describes the stages of development of rhythmic notation, characterizes the essence of the reform of Franco of Cologne. Its significance for the formation of the Ars Nova notation has been revealed. The research methodology is based on a combination of general-historical and theoretical methods. The Franco’s notation reform can be summed up by next basic points. Firstly, in the framework of the already existing and rather long tradition of mensural music, which began condition ally from Johannes de Garlandia (in theory, in practice – even before), the Franco’s treatise had a unifying and systematic meaning. Also, the author brilliantly summarized the groundwork of an entire epoch in the history of western rhythmic notation. If we consider the pre-Franco’s notation to be potentially mensural, then Franco puts it in a classical form that will be relevant for the next two centuries. Secondly, Franco in his reform fixes the transition from a modal notation (which is still not quite stable in terms of unambiguous reading) to the actual mensural (quite stable in this attitude). And finally, in a broader sense, the Franco’s mensural system can be considered a completely emancipated system of musical rhythm. It is not related to the rhythm of the poem, either with the rhythm of prose, or with a priori rhythmic formulas that largely comprise the content of modal rhythm. From this point of view, the mensural system represents a further step in separating music from the word, from the verse, from the grammar. The collapse and interpenetration of modes led to the idea of a triple metric unit, abstraction from modes, to the idea of perfection. The connection with modes remained, since the perfection was a triple one, but it was already a theoretical abstraction, practically equivalent to the modern concept of a bar. Further steps in this direction were made by Vitry and Muris.

Topic: Renaissance Literature and Culture
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Frameshift and novel mutations in <i>FUS</i> in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ALS/dementia

FUS gene mutations are not an uncommon cause in patients with FALS from diverse genetic backgrounds, and have a prevalence of 5.6% in non-SOD1 and non-TARDBP FALS, and approximately 4.79% in all FALS. The pathogenicity of some of these novel mutations awaits further studies. Patients with FUS mutations manifest earlier symptom onset, a higher rate of bulbar onset, and shorter duration of symptoms.

Topic: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Endocasts and brain evolution in <scp>A</scp>nthracotheriidae (<scp>A</scp>rtiodactyla, <scp>H</scp>ippopotamoidea)

Abstract Anthracotheres are a fossil family of ‘ S uiformes’ from the O ld W orld, N orth and C entral A merica. They are known from the middle E ocene to the late P liocene, and are suggested to be the stem group of H ippopotamidae. Yet, their soft anatomy remains poorly known. In this study we describe the virtual endocast of the late O ligocene anthracothere M icrobunodon minimum , reconstructed using microtomography, as well as the natural endocast of M erycopotamus medioximus from the late M iocene. These are the first anthracothere endocasts ever described. Particular attention is given to the relative proportions of the brain, the neocortex, the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs. The ‘backward shift’ of the pituitary of M . minimum , and the possible presence of a K lobe in M . medioximus , is discussed. Previous statements that some endocranial characters were subject to convergence among mammals are also corroborated.

Topic: Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interactive Exploration and Discovery of Scientific Publications with PubVis

With an exponentially growing number of scientific papers published each year, advanced tools for exploring and discovering publications of interest are becoming indispensable. To empower users beyond a simple keyword search provided e.g. by Google Scholar, we present the novel web application PubVis. Powered by a variety of machine learning techniques, it combines essential features to help researchers find the content most relevant to them. An interactive visualization of a large collection of scientific publications provides an overview of the field and encourages the user to explore articles beyond a narrow research focus. This is augmented by personalized content based article recommendations as well as an advanced full text search to discover relevant references. The open sourced implementation of the app can be easily set up and run locally on a desktop computer to provide access to content tailored to the specific needs of individual users. Additionally, a PubVis demo with access to a collection of 10,000 papers can be tested online.

Topic: Scientific Computing and Data Management
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Legal Analysis of Impairment of Shareholders' Rights and Interests in Reorganization of Listed Companies

There are many legal disputes related to the impairment of shareholder's rights and interests in reorganization of listed companies. However, impairment of shareholder's rights and interests in reorganization is justifi ed from both legal and practical perspectives. For the pledged or frozen shares, it can be adjusted directly by legislation on bankruptcy. To resolve the problem of major shareholders capital occupation, the proposers should impair major shareholders' equity in the reorganization plan. If shareholders veto the reorganization plan, the court will apply cramdown after taking judicial review on the legality of conducting from substantive and procedural aspects.

Topic: Corporate Insolvency and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fast algorithms of plant computation based on substructure instances

Fast rendering and botanically faithful description of plants are a real challenge in computer graphics. Usually, plant production is computed using the method internode by internode, while there exist a lot of buds in an individual tree, therefore, this approach is quite time-consuming even for a medium-size tree.\n\nIn this paper, we present a new algorithm based on substructure instances to quickly compute plants’ production, and then, for certain plant architectural models, combine with the geometrical rules to create a substructure library. Finally, we construct 3D virtual plants using 3D organs. Compared with the classical method in computing and constructing plant structures, the algorithm described in this paper is much faster while keeping botanical nature of plant. The algorithm can be generalized to most plant species.

Topic: Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A possible trachoma cluster unveiling the mist of Le Rôdeur: probes in favor and against an alternative cause of the crew blindness

In 1819, a puzzling outbreak of infectious blindness afflicted nearly all crew members and African slaves aboard the French vessel Le Rôdeur during the transatlantic slave trade. This paper investigates the etiology of this unique event, comparing different pathogens that cause blindness: <i>Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,</i> and <i>Onchocerca volvulus;</i> endemic in the African Continent. Reviewing naval medicine since the seventeenth century and eye infection knowledge in 1800, alongside historical records, we explore the singular case of Le Rôdeur's outbreak. While some clinical features favor trachoma, rapid onset, and progression align with gonococcal conjunctivitis. We suggest both as possible causes, underscoring the intricate intersection of infectious diseases and transatlantic trade.

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Systematic Review on Effect of Mirror Therapy on Upper Extremity Function for Stroke Patients

본 연구는 국외 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용한 한 거울치료의 효과에 대하여 고찰하기 위한 것으로 국외 학술지를 대상으로 체계적 문헌고찰 연구방법을 시행하였다. 2013년 8월부터 2013년 10월까지 연구를 진행하였고 2013년 10월 이전까지 국외학술지에 게재된 논문을 PubMed를 통하여 검색하였다. 주요 검색용어로는 'mirror therapy', 'mirror neuron', 'stroke', 'paresis', 'hemiplegia', 'upper extremity를 사용하였다. 최초 검색된 논문은 737편이었으나 프로토콜을 거쳐 선정된 9편의 연구가 선정 되었다. 다양한 중재방법을 통하여 거울치료의 효과를 파악하는 연구들이 많았다. 측정도구로는 상지기능, 일상생활활동 수행능력을 평가하는 도구가 사용되었다. 결과로 거울치료를 받은 실험군이 고식적인 치료나 위상치료를 받은 대조군보다 상지의 원위부인 손 기능 향상이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결과는 중재방법에 따라 효과의 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 일부 연구에서는 유의미하지 않은 연구결과도 보고되었다. 본 연구는 거울치료의 임상적 적용에 대한 근거를 제시하며, 향후 국내연구에서는 다양한 중재방법을 적용하여 거울치료의 효과를 더 정확하게 측정을 할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 문헌분석 결과를 기초로 거울치료를 시행함에 있어 고려되어야 할 점을 제시하였다. Recent years, mirror therapy or mirror neuron therapy has been used to improve neural damage of upper extremities among stroke patients. This systematic review was conducted to assess the clinical effect of mirror therapy used for the treatment of upper extremities for patients with stroke. After literature search, researchers selected for 9 randomized controlled clinical trial studies registered up to October 2013 based on PubMed database, using the following search terms: mirror therapy, mirror neuron, stroke, paresis, hemiplegia, upper extremity. There were significant improves of distal upper extremity function in the use of mirror therapy groups but the research using range of motion(ROM) as outcome measure. In conclusion, mirror therapy was more effective than conventional therapies or sham therapies for upper recovery of distal upper extremity function among stroke patients.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on effect of rootstocks on root distribution pattern of cashew

The present investigation on the root distribution pattern of cashew rootstocks was carried out at ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research (DCR), Experimental Station, Santhigodu, Karnataka. The study aimed to understand the root distribution of two dwarfing rootstocks (NRC 492, Taliparamba- 1) and one vigorous rootstock (Vengurla-4) of eight-years-oldcashew tree, as determined by the root excavation method. The root samples were collected vertically from different depths (0-200 cm) and laterally at different distances (0-300 cm) from the tree trunk. Results indicated that the root distribution pattern showed significant genotypic variation. Regarding the vertical distribution of roots, 95 percent of the roots were distributed in 0-100 cm horizons, while very few roots were in the 100-200 cm horizons. In the lateral distribution, 97 percent of root density was in the 0-200 cm area from the tree trunk. Vengurla-4 (vigorous rootstock) had a higher root length, root volume and two-fold increases in total root production compared to dwarf rootstocks. PCA study revealed that the selection of rootstocks based on tree height, TCSA, canopy spread, lateral and vertical distribution of roots represent the main morphological indices for evaluating the effect of cashew rootstocks.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Great Depression and Work-Relief

Harry Hopkins seemed to be at the peak of his career in the late 1920s. He ran a prestigious organization, had a national reputation as a social work administrator, and took an active role in shaping standards for his profession. He had worked his way through personal tragedy and, while relations with his family would always remain problematic, he had arranged his private life to suit his public pursuits. Yet he was merely on the threshold of a career about to skyrocket. The Great Depression set the stage for Hopkins to display the talents he had refined during the past fifteen years. The enormity of the disaster forced him to draw on his entire reserve of energy and imagination, yet he never transcended the bounds of "the American Way," remaining committed to democracy and capitalism. If he did not feel as suspicious of the poor as most Americans did, Hopkins still shared in the general attitude that government handouts without some rather strict rules would enfeeble recipients. The federal programs that Hopkins eventually set up in order to alleviate destitution may have seemed radical to the business elite, but, at least before 1936, they operated within a culturally conservative ideology, emphasizing self-reliance, personal industry, and the sanctity of the traditional American family. Like Roosevelt, Hopkins often spoke in defense of the newly destitute American worker, but his solutions to the economic disaster always fell well within the traditional format for public assistance.KeywordsGreat DepressionUnemployed WorkerAmerican WorkerProtestant Work EthicRelief ProgramThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences