jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determining 3D molecular orientation from polarization-IR spectra: tutorial

Despite the ubiquity of molecular alignment in natural and synthesized materials, accurate mapping of three-dimensional (3D) molecular orientations with sufficient spatial resolving power has remained challenging. Conventional analysis approaches of polarization-based optical imaging cannot measure the out-of-plane angle of molecular orientations without tilting a sample. Recently, we proposed a new theoretical algorithm to determine the 3D orientation angle of aligned molecules using polarization-controlled infrared (IR) spectral data without tilting a sample. The algorithm was based on a concurrent analysis of the absorptances of two non-parallel IR transition dipole moments using a single orientational descriptor. The outcome of the non-iterative calculation is the 3D angle of the mean orientation and the order parameter of the local orientational distribution function. The algorithm was successfully applied to the analysis of polarization-controlled hyperspectral IR imaging of semi-crystalline polymer films. This tutorial derives and summarizes various theoretical descriptions presented in our recent papers and discusses the assumptions and limitations associated with the analysis method.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Subtilisin-Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Acid and Peptide Esters. Application in a Two-Step Enzymatic Ligation Strategy

We describe an efficient enzymatic approach to the synthesis of amino acid and peptide esters. The serine protease subtilisin Carlsberg (EC 3.4.21.62) was found to efficiently catalyze the specific formation of C(alpha)-carboxyl 3-hydroxypropyl or 4-hydroxybutyl esters of certain Boc-amino acids and peptides in high-content 1,3-propanediol or 1,4-butanediol solution, with substrate specificity parallel to that of the normal hydrolytic reaction. This approach can be coupled with kinetic-control reverse proteolysis in a two-step enzymatic peptide ligation scheme. [reaction: see text]

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Peer Review #2 of "LIMK1/2 inhibitor LIMKi 3 suppresses porcine oocyte maturation (v0.3)"

LIMKi 3 is a specific selective LIMK inhibitor against LIMK1 and LIMK2, while LIMK1 and LIMK2 are the main regulators of actin cytoskeleton to participate in many cell activities.However, the effect of LIMKi 3 in porcine oocyte meiosis is still unclear.The present study was designed to investigate the effects of LIMKi 3 and potential regulatory role of LIMK1/2 on porcine oocyte meiotic maturation.Immunofluorescent staining of p-LIMK1/2 antibody showed that LIMK1/2 was localized mainly to the cortex of porcine oocyte, which colocalized with actin.After LIMKi 3 treatment, the diffusion of COCs became weak and the rate of polar body extrusion was decreased.This could be rescued by moving oocytes to fresh medium.After prolonging the culture time of oocytes, the maturation rate of porcine oocyte increased in LIMKi 3 groups, indicating that LIMKi 3 may suppress the cell cycle during porcine oocyte maturation.We also found that after LIMKi 3 treatment actin distribution was significantly disturbed at porcine oocyte membranes and cytoplasm, indicating the conserved roles of LIMK1/2 on actin dynamics.Next we examined the meiotic spindle positioning in porcine oocyte, and the results showed that a majority of spindles were not attached to the cortex of porcine oocyte, indicating that LIMKi 3 may affect actin-mediated spindle positioning.Taken together, these results showed that LIMK1/2 inhibitor LIMKi 3 had a repressive role on porcine oocyte meiotic maturation.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The influence of interactive techniques in the development of the writing skills of tweens at centro ecuatoriano norteamericano

This study investigates the influence of three interactives writing techniques in order to improve the writing skills in students in Tweens ten at Centro Ecuatoriano Norteamericano in Guayaquil, Ecuador. 

Students face with the problem of generating ideas at the time of writing a paragraph and organizing it. Besides, they are usually characterized by a lack of understanding of the rules of formal written English and the most common mistakes manifested in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, word order and syntax which are the Basic Sandards of written English………..

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Resuscitation and acute treatment of brain injuries (traumatic and atraumatic)

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the principles of management and to emphasize the importance of adequate initial resuscitation and the optimization of cardiovascular parameters, to reduce the incidence of secondary brain injury. Although there are different mechanisms of acute brain injury with very different outcomes, the initial management and goals of treatment are the same.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Targeted modification and transportation of cellular proteins

Peptide aptamers are proteins selected from combinatorial libraries that display conformationally constrained variable regions. Peptide aptamers can disrupt specific protein interactions and thus represent a useful method for manipulating protein function in vivo . Here, we describe aptamer derivatives that extend the range of functional manipulations. We isolated an aptamer with increased affinity for its Cdk2 target by mutagenizing an existing aptamer and identifying tighter binding mutants with calibrated two-hybrid reporter genes. We used this and other anti-Cdk2 aptamers as recognition domains in chimeric proteins that contained other functional moieties. Aptamers fused to the catalytic domain of a ubiquitin ligase specifically decorated LexA-Cdk2 with ubiquitin moieties in vivo . Aptamers against Cdk2 and another protein, Ste5, that carried a nuclear localization sequence transported their targets into the nucleus. These experiments indicate that fusion proteins containing aptameric recognition moieties will be useful for specific modification of protein function in vivo .

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
IC‐P‐043: Neuroimaging Correlates of Anosognosia in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Anosognosia, or loss of insight of memory deficits is a common and striking symptom in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous findings in AD patients suggest that anosognosia is due to both functional metabolic changes within cortical midline structures involved in self-referential processes as well as functional disconnection between these regions (Perrotin et al. 2015). The present study aims at extending these findings by better understanding the neural correlates of anosognosia in the prodromal stage of AD. Thus, here we used regional brain metabolism [FDG-PET] to unravel the metabolic correlates of anosognosia in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and subsequently resting state fMRI [rs-fMRI] to investigate the intrinsic connectivity disruption between brain regions. Thirty-one subjects (mean age: 74.1; CDR: 0.5) with aMCI were included. All subjects underwent resting state 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for glucose metabolism measurement and resting state fMRI for intrinsic connectivity measurement. An anosognosia index was obtained by calculating discrepancy scores between subjective and objective memory scores. Voxelwise correlations between anosognosia and neuroimaging data were conducted. All analyses were controlled for multiple comparison using pFDR =0.05. Anosognosia in aMCI patients correlated with reduced glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate (PCC) cortices and hippocampus (Figure 1). Intrinsic connectivity analyses revealed a significant association between anosognosia and attenuated functional connectivity between the PCC seed region and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as bilateral inferior parietal lobes (IPL, Figure 2). (A) Voxelwise statistical map of the significant correlations between FDG uptake and memory awareness index in aMCI patients (pFDR < 0.05), controlling for age and Geriatric depression scale (GDS). (B) Plot of the correlation between FDG uptake in the posterior cingulate (PCC) cluster and the memory awareness index. Lower score on the memory awareness index indicates increased anosognosia. (A) Whole brain map of regression of memory awareness index on posterior cingulate (PCC) functional connectivity demonstrating significant correlations between the PCC (seed region) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and bilateral inferior parietal lobes (IPL), pFDR=0.05 controlling for age and GDS. (B) Plot of the correlation of the PCC-OFC instrinsic functional connectivity and the memory awareness index. Lower score on the memory awareness index indicates increased anosognosia. These findings provide further evidence implicating cortical midline structures involved in awareness of memory deficits. MCI patients with anosognosia showed reduced metabolism as well as disconnection between OFC, PCC and hippocampus, brain regions vulnerable to changes in early Alzheimer’s disease, and therefore could be at increased risk of developing dementia.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Model for Healthcare Systems Ranking of European Countries

Ranking several countries on a specific area may require the consideration of various factors simultaneously. To obtain a ranking of countries, the development of analytical approaches, which can aggregate opinions of a group of people on various criteria, is essential. The main aim of this study was to propose such a ranking approach for European countries in terms of healthcare services. To this end, a hybrid group decision-making model based on Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Terms Set (HFLTS) and Hesitant Fuzzy Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (HF-TOPSIS) is presented in this study. Importance degree of indicators were determined by the HFLTS-based group decision-making approach, and then HF-TOPSIS was used to obtain the rank of countries. According to the results obtained by the proposed model, Austria, Sweden and Finland are the best European countries in terms of healthcare services. Moreover, two comparative analyses, one for the utilization of different hesitant fuzzy distance measures in HF-TOPSIS and one for the ranking of countries obtained by utilizing TOPSIS, return some variations in country rankings. While Austria remained the best country for all distance measures in the hesitant fuzzy environment, Luxemburg was found to be the best for the deterministic case of TOPSIS.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<scp>Three‐dimensional</scp> printer use in the Australian and New Zealand radiation therapy setting

Abstract Introduction This cross‐sectional survey aimed to collect data from radiation therapy departments around Australia and New Zealand to establish a baseline of 3D printer and product use. Methods Each department in Australia and New Zealand was contacted to determine the most appropriate person to answer the survey. A Microsoft Forms link to the survey was sent to the individual. The survey contained 47 questions in relation to what 3D printing device departments had (if any), how it was being utilised, and what 3D printed products were in use. Results A total of 112 departments completed the survey (100% response rate), with 22.3% reporting 3D printer ownership, and thirty‐four departments (30.4%) outsourcing 3D printed products. The primary use of 3D printers was bolus production (60.9%). Public departments represented 84% of printer ownership, while private departments were the greatest users of outsourced 3D printed products (91.4%). 3D Slicer was the most common software used for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) file conversion (42.3%), while polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were the most common filaments in use, 46% and 14%, respectively. Conclusion This research established a baseline for 3D printer and product use within the Australian and New Zealand radiotherapy setting.

Topic: Anatomy and Medical Technology
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes associated with the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic on postpartum screening results in Ontario, Canada: The healthy babies healthy children screening tool

Abstract Background Research on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mothers/childbearing parents has mainly been cross‐sectional and focused on psychological symptoms. This study examined the impact on function using ongoing, systematic screening of a representative Ontario sample. Methods An interrupted time series analysis of repeated cross‐sectional data from a province‐wide screening program using the Healthy Babies Healthy Children (HBHC) tool assessed changes associated with the pandemic at the time of postpartum discharge from hospital. Postal codes were used to link to neighborhood‐level data. The ability to parent or care for the baby/child and other psychosocial and behavioral outcomes were assessed. Results The co‐primary outcomes of inability to parent or care for the baby/child were infrequently observed in the pre‐pandemic (March 9, 2019–March 15, 2020) and initial pandemic periods (March 16, 2020–March 23, 2021) (parent 209/63,006 (0.33%)–177/56,117 (0.32%), care 537/62,955 (0.85%)–324/56,086 (0.58%)). Changes after pandemic onset were not observed for either outcome although a significant ( p = 0.02) increase in slope was observed for inability to parent (with questionable clinical significance). For secondary outcomes, worsening was only seen for reported complications during labor/delivery. Significant improvements were observed in the likelihood of being unable to identify a support person to assist with care, need of newcomer support, and concerns about money over time. Conclusions There were no substantive changes in concerns about ability to parent or care for children. Adverse impacts of the pandemic may have been mitigated by accommodations for remote work and social safety net policies.

Topic: COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital of Bangladesh

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the common infectious diseases in the world especially in the developing countries. This causes a large financial burden to healthcare system too. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study to find out the infection patter and antibiogram of sputum of LRTI patients. Study place was Sylhet Women’s Medical College Hospital. Study period was 6 months. Sample size 684. Results: This positive samples were 60.4% of all the samples. Male and female percentage were 61.1% and 38.9% respectively. The age of the nearly half (49.56%) of the participants were 60 years or above. Commonest isolated Gram-positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (37.87%) and commonest Gram-negative bacteria was Klbsiellaspp (23.39%). Commonest sensitive antibiotics were Piperacillin &amp; Tazobactam (93.86%), Imipenem (93.71%) and Meropenem (90.64%). Conclusion: Use of proper antibiotic is essential to prevent antibiotic resistance. Institutional and regional antibiogram can help in decision making for selecting empirical antibiotic.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Snowy River

Abstract Royal Commission on Water Conservation. Although the Snowy and Murrumbidgee River catchments adjoin, they are very different in character, and drought conditions frequently prevail on the Murrumbidgee whilst the Snowy is running almost at full volume. These conditions were noticed by Mr. P. F. Adams when he occupied the position of district surveyor at Cooma. Mr. Adams was an observant man, and he found that the water of the Snowy River could be diverted across the Dividing Range at an elevation of about 3,000 feet and discharged into the Murrumbidgee. He gave this information in 1884 to a Royal Commission on Water Conservation which was appointed by the Government to inquire into the water resources of the colony. The commission was under the chairmanship of Sir William Lyne, and the first evidence was taken in 1884 and the final report presented to the Government in 1887. At the time that Mr. Adams gave his evidence before this commission he occupied the position of Surveyor-General.

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Chapter 5. Application of Morita&amp;#8211;Baylis&amp;#8211;Hillman Reaction for the Synthesis of Natural Products

This chapter will generally describe MBH reaction applied in the synthesis of a series of natural products such as furaquinocins, salinosporamides.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NACETYLCYSTEINE AND BICARBONATE IN RENAL PROTECTION AFTER CARDIAC BYPASS SURGERY

Background: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery that employs cardiopulmonary bypass.Acute renal failure occurs in up to 30% of patients who undergo cardiac surgery.Aim of the Work: to compare between the effectiveness of acetylcysteine and bicarbonate in prevention of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective cardiac bypass surgeries.Patients and Methods: This interventional prospective comparative randomized single blinded study was conducted on 120 cardiac patients, hypertensive, diabetic with normal preoperative kidney functions, of either sex, aging >40 years old, scheduled for elective cardiac bypass surgery at Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Ain Shams University hospitals.Study started June 2017 and ended December 2018; after the approval of the ethical medical committee and obtaining a written informed consent from the patient.Results: The current study showed nonsignificant correlation between usage of NAC and bicarbonate and renal protection after cardiac bypass surgeries.Also the current study showed the more the time of aortic clamping, time of CPB and the lower the MAP during CPB, the more the rise in serum creatinine after 24 hours. Conclusion:The current study shows that perioperative intravenous administration of NAC with or without sodium bicarbonate may not have a role in prevention of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective cardiac bypass surgeries as detected by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thromboembolism in Beta-Thalassemia Disease

Thalassemia disease is a common inherited hemolytic anemia frequently found in several parts of the world, especially in the Mediterranean and some Asian countries. Besides the complications of secondary hemochromatosis from regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and increased gastrointestinal absorption of iron, thromboembolism (TE) is one of the common long-term complications of beta-thalassemia disease, particularly in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT), which is commonly seen after the second decade of life. The risk factors of TE in beta-thalassemia disease including exposure of phosphatidylserine of abnormal RBCs, increase of platelet activation and aggregation, elevation of endothelial microparticles and increased endothelial activation, decreased nitric oxide (NO) secondary to hemolysis, rise of platelet count and nucleated RBCs after splenectomy, organ dysfunction caused by hemochromatosis, and thrombophilia such as natural anticoagulant deficiencies leading to hypercoagulable state. The understanding of the pathophysiology would result in effective prevention of this complication of beta-thalassemia disease.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Erythroblast antigen expression in murine hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. 2. An immunofluorescent study in pre- and postnatal ontogeny using monoclonal antibodies].

The expression of erythroblast antigen (Ag-Eb) in cell membranes during pre- and postnatal mouse development was studied by immunofluorescence using the monoclonal antibody MAE-15. Ag-Eb was detected in embryonic liver, spleen, epithelia of intestine, various glands and skin, as well as in extraembryonic tissues (yolk sac and trophoblast). In pregnant mice positive immunofluorescence was observed in placenta and on the surface of decidual cells in uterus. In adult non-pregnant mice Ag-Eb expression was detected not only in membranes of erythroid cells, but also in non-hemopoietic tissues, such as epithelia of various glands, intestine, kidney and testis, brain endothelium, basal layer of epidermis, and intercalated discs of the heart muscle. A possible role of Ag-Eb in processes of cell transport is discussed.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Paulo Freire and the Crisis of the Political

Forty years after its first translation into English, Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed remains one of the most important educational books of the twentieth century and its significance for the twenty-first century is highlighted by the continuing attacks on public education from neo-liberals and conservatives. Freire's critical pedagogy offers young people the opportunity to acquire and assert a sense of their rights and responsibilities in a democratic society that recognizes the common good over the corporate good. This article offers an overview of Freire's pedagogy and a personal testament to his capacity for theoretical rigor, moral courage and friendship.

Topic: Critical and Liberation Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences