jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A matter of grave concern? Charles Jedrej's work on Mende sodalities, and the Ebola crisis

Charles Jedrej's corpus of published work contains several papers on the Mende women's sodality, Sande. His analysis was that Sande mobilizes power (hale) to dissolve cultural complexity into its elementary form, so that causes of social confusion can then be 'pulled'. By focusing on the ritual mechanisms involved, Jedrej found that collective representations could be reformulated and strengthened through the ideational momentum generated by ritual practices within the sanctity of the secret cult. In effect, Jedrej argued that sodalities do not perpetuate fixed traditions, but are a means through which social change can occur. His work thus anticipates more recent (neo-Durkheimian) accounts of ritual-based 'models' of social dynamics. The present paper provides a contextualization and restatement of Jedrej's argument, and then considers how his insights might be useful in addressing challenges of behaviour change posed by the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in Upper West Africa, especially in regard to funeral practices for society elders, deemed by some authorities to be a major 'motor' of epidemic spread.

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MetaWBC: POSIX-Compliant Metadata Write-Back Caching for Distributed File Systems

In parallel and distributed file systems, caching can improve data performance and metadata operations. Currently, most distributed file systems adopt a write-back data cache for performance and a write-through metadata cache for simplifying consistency. However, with modern file systems scales and workloads, write-through metadata caching can impact overall file system performance, e.g., through lock contention and heavy RPC loads required for namespace synchronization and transaction serialization. This paper proposes a novel metadata write-back caching (MetaWBC) mechanism to improve the performance of metadata operations in distributed environments. To achieve extreme metadata performance, we developed a fast, lightweight, and POSIXcompatible memory file system as a metadata cache. Further, we designed a file caching state machine and included other performance optimizations. We coupled MetaWbc with Lustre and evaluated that MetaWbc can outperform the native parallel file system by up to 8x for metadata-intensive benchmarks, and up to 7x for realistic workloads in throughput.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum BW 986

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum<br>Common name(s): Wheat<br>Other names: II35058-26Y-3M-2Y-0M<br>Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico<br>Local sample unique identifier: BW 986<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1972<br>Other identifiers: n/a,BW986, n/a,CID 267592 SID 5, n/a,6IBWSN103, n/a,GID 2162310<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 5 from Atypical G Protein β5 Promotes Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Fibrotic Remodeling in Response to Multiple Cancer Chemotherapeutics

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5. Nox-dependent ROS generation promotes activation of CaMKII and ATM following chemotherapy exposure.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Redox biology and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
From need to product: a methodology for completing a land cover map of Canada with Landsat data

Despite its very large territory and the best Landsat archive in the world, Canada has made very limited use of Landsat data for land cover mapping. The primary difficulty has been the prohibitive cost of information extraction and the earlier (and now overcome for Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus data) high cost of data purchase. The solution to this remaining obstacle lies in decreasing the cost of Landsat data processing and analysis while ensuring the high quality of the extracted information. In this paper, we present an efficient and effective approach to mapping land cover in Canada from Landsat thematic mapper data (single or multiple satellites). The key features of this approach are an increase in the ratio of computer to human analysis and automation for high data volume or large area processing. However, it is essential that the final product quality not suffer because of the greater reliance on computer processing, thus the algorithm performance becomes critical. We describe the overall approach, discuss key challenges, explain the principles behind key algorithms developed to respond to the challenges, present evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of these algorithms in a boreal landscape setting, and consider implementation issues. With a processing system developed to handle large numbers (tens to hundreds) of Landsat scenes, which incorporates most of the algorithms discussed here, the stage is nearly set for large-scale processing leading to a Landsat-based land cover classification product(s) for Canada.

Topic: Climate change and permafrost
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Well</i>-prefaced constructed dialogue as a marker of stance in online abortion discourse

Abstract This paper offers an analysis of well -prefaced constructed dialogue as a stance-taking resource in written discourse on abortion. Drawing from four corpora collected from editorials, blogs, Twitter, and Reddit, I demonstrate that writers use the discourse marker well to indicate a stance of disalignment and convey negative attitudinal information when there is tension between the writer’s beliefs and those expressed in the constructed dialogue; the discourse marker allows the writer to position and align themself to construct a specific identity that reinforces a positive-self, negative-other evaluation.

Topic: Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of added MoO3 and tungsten on photoelectrochemical behavior of thermally decomposed WO3 electrodes.

パラタングステン酸アンモニウムの熱分解により得られた多結晶WO3n-型半導体電極は, 酸性溶液中 (0.5mol/dm3 硫酸水溶液) で, 金属タングステンの直接酸化, CVD などにより調製された WO3 薄膜電極と同様の良好な光応答性を示した。さらに熱分解で得られた WO3に, MoO3 およびタングステン金属粉末を添加した電極について光電気化学特性および積分球を用いた光吸収スペクトルを測定することにより, 不純物添加効果を検討した。その結果MoO3 ならびにタングステン金属粉末の添加濃度がWO3 に対するモル比で 5×103 付近で光電流は, WO3 単一組成電極の約 1.5 倍に増大した。これらの挙動は不純物によるドナー濃度の変化によるものと推定された。これら電極の光電流は, 光励起により生成したホールが関与した酸素発生反臨であった。また光吸収スペクトル測定により得られたみかけの光吸収係数とフォトンエネルギーの依存性より光学的バンドギャップを決定した。その結果バンドギャップエネルギーに対する不純物添加の顕著な影響は認められず,得られたバンドギャップ値 2.6eV は, バンド-バンド間接遷移によるバンドギャップに対応していた。

Topic: Conducting polymers and applications
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Area selection for conservation of Mexican mammals

Three sets of priority cells for mammal conservation in Mexico were identified using distributional data. A complementarity approach was implemented through linear integer programming. The minimum set of sites required for the representation of each mammal species varied between 38 (5.4%) grid cells for at least one occurrence, 110 (15.6%) grid cells for at least three occurrences, and 173 (24.5%) grid cells for at least five occurrences. The complementary analyses mainly highlighted three regions of particular concern for mammal conservation in Mexico: (i) the trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and natural provinces of the Pacific Coast, (ii) Sierra Madre del Sur and the Highlands of Chiapas, and (iii) the northern portion of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The results reported here did not indicate absolute priority locations for conservation activities, but rather identified locations warranting further investigation at finer resolutions more appropriate to such activity

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Health policy and systems research training: global status and recommendations for action

Training in health policy and systems research is important to improve local capacity to conduct quality research in this field. We provide six recommendations to improve the content, accessibility and reach of training. First, create a repository of information on courses. Second, establish networks to support training. Third, define competencies in health policy and systems research. Fourth, encourage multidisciplinary collaboration. Fifth, expand the geographical and language coverage of courses. Finally, consider alternative teaching formats.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Condition Monitoring of Three-Phase Induction Motor

Analysis of stator current and vibration of induction motor has long been used, in researches as well as industries, for the condition monitoring purpose. This paper presents the hardware results of three phase induction motor condition monitoring by current and vibration analysis, presenting one novel diagnosis method while analyzing the frequency spectra. Here current and vibration data are collected with the help of Digital Storage Oscilloscope and Vibration Analyzer respectively. These collected data are used to obtain frequency components of current and vibration with the help of MATLAB program. Later, the set of the most dominating frequency components of current and vibration are compared with that of healthy motor in order to establish the healthy/faulty condition. A 3 HP, 2.2 KW, three-phase induction motor has been used for analysis purpose. Three types of major faults, namely, stator inter turn short, rotor broken bar and bearing defect are considered. The proposed method proves to be quite successful in predicting rotor and bearing faults, while not being so successful in detecting stator inter-turn faults.

Topic: Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Methane production from weaned dairy heifer calves

Agriculture is one of the major sources of methane in the UK and the major contribution is that from the ruminant animal. Most current inventories include emissions from growing and adult cattle and it has been assumed that the young calf contributes little to the methane flux. There is a dearth of information for young cattle (65-110 kg liveweight) and the objective here was to provide methane data for this group of ruminants to assist in improving the UK inventories for methane.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
GeoDILI: A Robust\nand Interpretable Model for Drug-Induced\nLiver Injury Prediction Using Graph Neural Network-Based Molecular\nGeometric Representation

Drug-induced\nliver injury (DILI) is a significant cause of drug\nfailure and withdrawal due to liver damage. Accurate prediction of\nhepatotoxic compounds is crucial for safe drug development. Several\nDILI prediction models have been published, but they are built on\ndifferent data sets, making it difficult to compare model performance.\nMoreover, most existing models are based on molecular fingerprints\nor descriptors, neglecting molecular geometric properties and lacking\ninterpretability. To address these limitations, we developed GeoDILI,\nan interpretable graph neural network that uses a molecular geometric\nrepresentation. First, we utilized a geometry-based pretrained molecular\nrepresentation and optimized it on the DILI data set to improve predictive\nperformance. Second, we leveraged gradient information to obtain high-precision\natomic-level weights and deduce the dominant substructure. We benchmarked\nGeoDILI against recently published DILI prediction models, as well\nas popular GNN models and fingerprint-based machine learning models\nusing the same data set, showing superior predictive performance of\nour proposed model. We applied the interpretable method in the DILI\ndata set and derived seven precise and mechanistically elucidated\nstructural alerts. Overall, GeoDILI provides a promising approach\nfor accurate and interpretable DILI prediction with potential applications\nin drug discovery and safety assessment. The data and source code\nare available at GitHub repository (https://github.com/CSU-QJY/GeoDILI).

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques in iterative detectors: a novel approach based on Monte Carlo integration

We present a novel soft-in soft-out (SISO) detection scheme based on Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulations. The proposed detector is applicable to both synchronous multiuser and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. Unlike previous publications on the subject, we use Monte Carlo integration technique to arrive at the receiver structure. The proposed multiuser/MIMO detector is found to follow the Rao-Blackwell formulation and found to result in much more reliable systems than those reported so far in the literature. In particular, through computer simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed receiver can easily handle the cases of overloaded systems, i.e. when in a multiuser set-up the number of users is larger than the spreading gain, or when in a MIMO set-up there are more transmit antennas than receive antennas.

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A new single-layer plasma-developable photoresist using the catalysed crosslinking of poly(4-hydroxystyrene)via photogenerated acid

A new single-layer, dry developable chemically amplified resist is described. The resist consists of poly(4-hydroxystyrene), 1,2,4,5-tetra(acetoxymethyl)benzene and triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, and functions via crosslinking as a result of an acid-catalysed electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In contrast to the normal wet resist development process that leads to a negative-tone image, a gas-phase modification of the exposed polymer film, followed by reactive oxygen etching, leads to a positive-tone image. The post-exposure modification is accomplished using gaseous 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, a reagent that is able to diffuse selectively into the non-exposed, non-crosslinked regions of the polymer film to react with the poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and form silyl ethers. Dry-development of the treated film in an O2 plasma removes those areas of the film that have remained unsilylated, producing a positive-tone relief image.

Topic: Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of eating habits and lifestyle during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa region: a cross-sectional study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally, forcing countries to apply lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. The aim of this study was to assess eating habits and lifestyle behaviours among residents of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the lockdown. A cross-sectional study among adult residents of the MENA region was conducted using an online questionnaire designed on Google Forms during April 2020. A total of 2970 participants from eighteen countries participated in the present study. During the pandemic, over 30 % reported weight gain, 6·2 % consumed five or more meals per d compared with 2·2 % before the pandemic (P < 0·001) and 48·8 % did not consume fruits on a daily basis. Moreover, 39·1 % did not engage in physical activity, and over 35 % spent more than 5 h/d on screens. A significant association between the frequency of training during the pandemic and the reported change in weight was found (P < 0·001). A significantly higher percentage of participants reported physical and emotional exhaustion, irritability and tension either all the time or a large part of the time during the pandemic (P < 0·001). Although a high percentage of participants reported sleeping more hours per night during the pandemic, 63 % had sleep disturbances. The study highlights that the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity and psychological problems among adults in the MENA region.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Radiometric Determination of Krypton-85

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadiometric Determination of Krypton-85R. B. RegierCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 1, 54–55Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60145a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60145a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Towards Personalized Management of Sarcopenia in COPD

Sophie IJ van Bakel, Harry R Gosker, Ramon C Langen, Annemie MWJ Schols NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, The NetherlandsCorrespondence: Annemie MWJ ScholsNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Department of Respiratory Medicine, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The NetherlandsTel +31-433871323Email a.schols@maastrichtuniversity.nlAbstract: The awareness of the presence and consequences of sarcopenia has significantly increased over the past decade. Sarcopenia is defined as gradual loss of muscle mass and strength and ultimately loss of physical performance associated with aging and chronic disease. The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to age-matched controls. Current literature suggests that next to physical inactivity, COPD-specific alterations in physiological processes contribute to accelerated development of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in COPD can be assessed according to current guidelines, but during physical performance testing, ventilatory limitation should be considered. Treatment of muscle impairment can halt or even reverse sarcopenia, despite respiratory impairment. Exercise training and protein supplementation are currently at the basis of sarcopenia treatment. Furthermore, effective current and new interventions targeting the pulmonary system (eg, smoking cessation, bronchodilators and lung volume reduction surgery) may also facilitate muscle maintenance. Better understanding of disease-specific pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the accelerated development of sarcopenia in COPD will provide new leads to refine nutritional, exercise and physical activity interventions and develop pharmacological co-interventions.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, skeletal muscle, exercise, nutrition, anabolics, nutritional assessment

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Applying the Problem-Based Learning Approach to Teach Elementary Circuit Analysis

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a motivating, problem-centered teaching method. The methodology and its application to education in elementary circuit analysis is discussed in detail. Because of administrative constraints, the implemented course does not strictly adhere to the PBL methodology in the sense that the course curriculum is strictly defined. Also, the PBL students take the same exam as the students in the traditional form of the course. The learning experience in the two course forms is compared via a questionnaire response and exam results. This comparison of the two groups seems to indicate that the PBL method is a better way of imparting education in circuit analysis, or even technology in general. The PBL students appear to grasp better the details and the overall picture of the issues taught. In addition to the subject matter, the PBL course students learn social skills through interaction in small groups, how to identify and define a problem, and how to look for and filter out relevant information. Presentation skills are also practiced

Topic: Problem and Project Based Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Arrow diagram summarizing the 15 individual health conditions with highest estimated emergency department spending levels in 2006 and 2016.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Note&lt;/i&gt;: Health conditions are ranked by estimated ED spending in both 2006 and 2016 (both using 2016 USD) and placement in the ranking is illustrated in the arrow diagram. Each of the 154 health conditions captured by the Disease Expenditure Project (DEX) map to 1 of 15 aggregated cause groups (or referred to as 15 aggregated health categories), which are shown in the legend and displayed in &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0258182#pone.0258182.g001" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 1&lt;/a&gt;. Of note, ED spending estimates were mapped to only 150 of the 154 DEX conditions, as four health conditions (larynx cancer, well newborn care, well dental, and well person) either did not appear in the ED data or were systematically excluded as a primary diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences