jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
3D crack propagation study of a railway component using XFEM method

Abstract This work develops a methodology to study the crack propagation through ABAQUS simulation. This simulation study uses the service condition of the mechanical component and the complex geometry of a manufacturing defect obtained by microtomography. It was concluded that the XFEM method is an essential tool in predicting crack propagation of a railway component. Furthermore, the type of criteria used in the XFEM method allowed the analysis of the propensity of the manufacturing defect to initiate crack propagation. The C3D4 elements were essential in realising the crack propagation simulation, considering a manufacturing defect. Having the pore’s complex geometry was crucial to developing the methodology presented in this study. The static analysis results indicated that the maximum stress concentration value in the pore is in a zone that can be identified as a hot spot. In addition, the pore showed a higher concentration of Von-Mises stresses than in the static simulation performed without a pore and of the material’s ultimate strength. In conclusion, the methodology presented in this work shows that developing a more realistic simulation study is possible. For a complete structural integrity study, the mechanical design simulation studies must include some complex geometries of intrinsic manufacturing defects.

Topic: Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatial patterns of child health inequalities in the province of Punjab, Pakistan : the advantages of GIS in data analysis

Abstract. In the overall context of the Millennium Development Goals, Pakistan recently embarked on an effort to collect data regarding crucial issues of human development, such as health, poverty, and education. For their effective use in policy formulation, however, governments need to find ways of making the data easily accessible. It is argued that Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can play a major role here. The data compiled by the Federal Bureau of Statistics at district level are used in this article to develop maps on child health in the province of Punjab. Correlation allows identification of major determinants of the health status of children. For Punjab, these appeared to be mother literacy, vaccination coverage, and the incidence of poverty. Interpolation (here using Inverse Distant Weighting) and variable aggregation allow for easy identification of areas of concern at sub-district level. For Punjab, the areas most affected by negative health conditions are in the southwest. It is argued that health disparities can be addressed more effectively with the help of the presented methods because they help to close the information gap in the health system and contribute toward more precise allocation of funds and infrastructure.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The generation and transformation of polarization signals in molecular lines through collective anisotropic resonant scattering

ABSTRACT We discuss the existence of elliptical polarization in rotational spectral lines of CO and other molecules within the context of the Anisotropic Resonant Scattering (ARS) model. We show that the effect of ARS on the radiation field can lead to not only the previously predicted transformation of background linear polarization into circular polarization (i.e. Faraday conversion) but also the occurrence of Faraday rotation and the generation of elliptically polarized signals in an otherwise initially unpolarized radiation field. This is due to a collective behaviour between the large number of molecules acting as a diffraction ensemble that strongly favours forward scattering over any other mode. Our application to astronomical data demonstrates the dependency of the Stokes parameters on the strength and orientation of the ambient magnetic field, and suggests that ARS will manifest itself for a wide range of molecular species and transitions.

Topic: Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evidence for adhesin activity in the acid-stable moiety of the phosphomannoprotein cell wall complex of Candida albicans

Previously, we showed that Candida albicans hydrophilic yeast cells adhere specifically to mouse splenic marginal-zone macrophages. The adhesins are part of the yeast cell wall phosphomannoprotein complex, and one adhesin site, which reacts with the monoclonal antibody 10G, was identified as a beta-1,2-linked tetramannose in the acid-labile portion of the complex. We report here that the acid-stable part of the complex, which has not been reported previously to have adhesin activity, is in large part responsible for yeast cell binding to the splenic marginal zone. The phosphomannoprotein complex, termed Fr.II, was isolated from C. albicans serotype B yeast cells by beta-mercaptoethanol extraction and concanavalin A-agarose affinity chromatography. Fr.II is devoid of the serotype A-specific antigen factor 6, which functions in yeast cell attachment to epithelial cells. The acid-stable part of Fr.II (i.e., Fr.IIS) was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis and size exclusion fractionation. Fr.IIS was further fractionated into four fractions, Fr.IIS1, Fr.IIS2, Fr.IIS3, and Fr.IIS4, by concanavalin A-agarose column chromatography and elution with a linear gradient of alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside. Adhesin activity of these fractions was determined by their ability to block yeast cell binding to the splenic marginal zone. Fr.IIS1 and Fr.IIS2 yielded more material and stronger adhesin activity than either Fr.IIS3 or Fr.IIS4. Only Fr.IIS1 did not react with antibodies (anti-factor 5 and monoclonal antibody 10G) specific for the acid-labile beta-1,2-linked oligosaccharides. Fr.IIS1-coated latex beads attached specifically to the marginal zone in a pattern identical to that of yeast cell binding. Furthermore, Fr.IIS1-latex bead attachment was inhibited by soluble Fr.II or Fr.IIS. Initial chemical analyses indicate that the adhesin site on Fr.IIS1 is a carbohydrate because adhesin activity was destroyed by periodate oxidation but not by proteinase K digestion.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ecosystem Boundaries

Abstract Ecosystem boundaries are zones of transitions between two adjacent habitats. They occur naturally in all biomes but the extent of boundaries has been greatly increased by anthropogenic habitat modification. Transition zones are characterized by a profound change in the composition of plant and animal communities and that transition may be abrupt, gradual or even occur via a series of intermediate habitat types. Naturally occurring ecosystem boundaries sometimes form a unique habitat to which species are specifically adapted, whereas anthropogenically created ecosystem boundaries typically contain a mixture of species from the two adjacent ecosystems and often exert a negative influence on natural habitats. Adjacent ecosystems are connected via flows of energy, material and organisms across ecosystem boundaries, and these flows can exert strong influences on the fertility and productivity of ecosystems. The magnitude of cross‐system fluxes is mediated by a wide range of variables. Key concepts: Ecosystem boundaries are the locations exhibiting gradients of change in environmental conditions and a related shift in the composition of plant and/or animal communities. Naturally occurring ecosystem boundaries can represent unique habitats to which many species are specifically adapted. Anthropogenically created ecosystem boundaries often support high species diversity, but the combination of species present at edges is very different to the one found deep inside the adjacent ecosystems. Neighbouring ecosystems experience flows of organisms, materials and energy across the shared boundary.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effects of modulation of cofilin/ADF and intra- and extracellular thymosin beta4 on the migration of HeLa cells and the human colon carcinoma BE, 3LNLN and EB3 cell lines

Das Aktin spielt eine wichtige regulatorische und strukturelle Rolle in vielen zellulären Funktionen. Die Aktivität von Aktin wird durch eine große Anzahl von Aktin bindenden Proteinen (ABP) reguliert. Thymosin beta4 \((T\beta4)\) ist ein ABP, welches mit G-Aktin einen Komplex bildet und so das Treadmilling von Aktin reduziert. Proteine der ADF Familie induzieren die Fragmentation von F- Aktin, Cofilin erhöht die Dissoziation von Monomeren. Der verstärkte Depolymerisierungseffekt durch \(T\beta4\) mit Cofilin deutet daraufhin, dass eine Erhöhung der intrazellulären \(T\beta4\) Konzentration zu einer Hemmung der Zellmigration führt. In dieser Arbeit konnte durch verschiedene Methoden eine Inhibition der Zellmigration bei erhöhter \(T\beta4\) Konzentration sowie eine Stimulation bei verringerter \(T\beta4\) Konzentration gezeigt werden. Dieses Verhalten zeigte sich bei Tumorzellen mit hoher Migrationsaktivität. Extrazelluläres \(T\beta4\) induzierte Formveränderungen und dadurch zu Veränderung der Zellbeweglichkeit und Morphologie.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Carbon Dots from Camelina Decorating hFGF2-Linked Camelina Lipid Droplets Cooperate to Accelerate Wound Healing

Constant oxidative stress at the wound site prolongs the inflammation period and slows down the proliferation stage. In order to shorten the inflammatory period meanwhile promote the proliferative activity of fibroblasts, herein, we synthesized novel camelina-derived carbon dots (CDs) decorating on hFGF2-linked camelina lipid droplets (CLD-hFGF2) to form nanobiomaterial CDs-CLD-hFGF2. The CDs-CLD-hFGF2 possesses peroxidase activity and has effective reactive oxygen species radical scavenging activity while achieving proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells under oxidative stress in vitro. In the acute wound model, wound healing after CDs-CLD-hFGF2 treatment reached nearly 92% on the 10th day, compared with 82% for CLD-hFGF2. Moreover, the wound site showed significant anti-inflammatory effects characterized by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory factor levels. Overall, this study provided a strategy for the comprehensive utilization of camelina oil crops and revealed a promising future that could be considered an effective method for wound healing on the skin.

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Has COVID-19 Changed the Incidence and Profile of Late Presenters for HIV Infection in Lodz, Polish Reference Centre, Poland?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and characteristics of HIV late presenters (LPs) and advanced LPs (aLPs) registered in the Lodz HIV centre during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) with those of the pre-pandemic period (2017–2019). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the predictive factors associated with HIV LPs and aLPs based on multivariable logistic regression. The patient entry into specialist HIV care after diagnosis during the pandemic was analysed. Results: Of 121 newly diagnosed HIV infections during the pandemic, 49.6% had late presentation and 36.4% had advanced HIV disease (AHD). In the pre-pandemic period, out of 154 newly diagnosed patients, 58.4% were LPs and 38.3% were aLPs. Independent risk factors for HIV late presentation were older age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.076; p = 0.008), diagnosis in hospital (OR: 5.63, 95% CI: 2.87–11.05; p &lt; 0.001) and negative VDRL as compared to positive VDRL (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.19–5.15; p = 0.015). The same predictive factors were associated with aLPs: older age (OR: 1.07, 95% Cl 1.04–1.11; p &lt; 0.001), HIV diagnosis in hospital (OR: 4.25, 95% CI 2.17–8.29; p &lt; 0.001) and negative VDRL as compared to positive VDRL (OR: 4.95, 95% CI 1.87–13.10; p = 0.001). HIV diagnosis during the pandemic was not a risk factor for late presentation nor for advanced late presentation. However, the time between HIV diagnosis and the first visit to an HIV centre was statistically lower in the pre-pandemic period (p = 0.0048); the median lengths of time between the date of HIV testing, the first visit to the centre and the initiation of ART did not differ between these two periods in LPs and aLPs (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic did not change the prevalence or characteristics of late presentation and aLPs among newly diagnosed patients, nor did it extend the time to enrolment in HIV care or ART introduction in these groups.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Designing 69 Meters Littoral Mission Ship Based on the 60 Meters Fast Patrol Boat Platform to Improve Multi-Task Warfare

Abstract 60 meters fast patrol boat class is well known as one of the successful programs in the build of local warship in the national shipyards. Due to the higher tension in the South China Sea recently, therefore, it is urgently to have some better ships both quantitatively and qualitatively. To reduce procurements costs and shorten the delivery time then an LMS type with a length of 69 meters would be proposed based on the proven design of 60 meters FPB. Improvement of the platform not only about its size and capacity but also multi-task missions. The LMS will support missions of patrolling and intercepting as a fast patrol craft, moreover additional tasks including anti-surface warfare, mines-warfare, hydrography and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), also bio &amp; chemical warfare duties. LMS will have a low radar cross-section by improving its stealth design and the addition of a helideck to accommodate a medium-sized helicopter. Ship able carries up to three standard ISO-containers as complementary logistics when the deck not being occupied by helicopter. LMS needs only 20% more engine power when its draught is 0.1 m higher and 21.5% more displacement compare with the FPB at a similar speed of 24 knots.

Topic: Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
HZ. ALI MAWLIDS AT TURKISH LITERATURE

Hz. Ali, İslam tarihinde adı en çok geçen şahsiyetlerden birisi olmanın yanı sıra özellikle Türk İslam kültürü ve edebiyatını derinden etkilemiş bir isimdir. Faziletleri, yiğitliği, cömertliği, ilim ve irfanı gibi birçok üstün meziyeti sebebiyle kültürümüzde önemli bir yere sahip olan Hz. Ali, divan şiirinde bu seçkin nitelikleriyle hemen hemen bütün şairlerin ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Bu vesileyle onun vasıflarından bahseden birçok eser yazılmıştır. Bu tür eserlerin başında ise Hz. Ali’nin doğum hadisesinden bahseden mevlidler gelmektedir. Bilindiği gibi mevlid türü, Hz. Peygamber’in doğumu ve hayatı çevresinde gelişen dinî-edebî türlerden birisidir. Fakat mevlid, özellikle divan edebiyatında Hz. Peygamber dışındaki şahıslar için de yazılmıştır. Tespitlerimize göre edebiyatımızda Ehl-i Beyt’ten Hz. Ali için yazılmış mevlid metinleri de bulunmaktadır. Türk-İslam kültüründe önemli bir yere sahip olan Hz. Ali mevlidleri hakkında bugüne kadar kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Yazımızda; Yemînî, Caferî, Necmî Ali, Süleyman Celaleddin, Mehmed Şemseddin, Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî ve Şemsettin Kubat’ın telif etmiş oldukları mevlidler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca mevlidlerin şekil ve muhteva özellikleri ile mevlidlerdeki ortak motifler hakkında da kapsamlı bir inceleme yapılmıştır

Topic: Turkish Literature and Culture
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sistem Pengelolaan Kegiatan Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Menggunakan Framework Laravel

Research and community service are one of the activities included in the threefold missions of higher education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi) in Indonesia that consists of 1) Education and Teaching, 2) Research and Development, and 3) Community Service. The current conditions at the university are still experiencing problems on controlling these activities because they are handled manually by the party concerned. As a result of this manual process, the activity process becomes inefficient and makes the existing process scattered and not managed properly. Therefore, this research is conducted to create a research information system and community service based on a website application to overcome these problems. With this website application, lecturers can easily submit research results quickly, reviewers can evaluate existing research also leaders can see the entire process of ongoing activities. Lecturers can also transparently see the existing assessment process and leaders have visibility of all ongoing activities.

Topic: Decision Support System Applications
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Vascular imaging: changing the face of cardiovascular research

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at significant risk for premature cardiovascular disease, now a leading cause of death in this population. Most previous studies have used an overt clinical event to identify cardiovascular disease, likely underestimating the actual prevalence in these patients. Although the rates of myocardial infarction in SLE are high, the actual number of coronary events is low, precluding large clinical trials using a coronary event as the sole outcome. The ability to measure atherosclerosis, a known determinant of coronary heart disease, provides investigators with a desirable surrogate for the clinical cardiac event. With the advent of sensitive imaging techniques to identify subclinical atherosclerosis, we are now better equipped to determine the true prevalence and mechanisms of vascular disease in SLE. In this review, we will discuss several vascular imaging techniques and the current trend away from measuring flow-limiting vessel stenosis toward measuring earlier structural and functional aspects of the vascular system.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Canada and Arctic North America: An Environmental History

"Between the arrival of the first humans tens of thousands of years ago and the activities of mining and logging companies in the present, the environment of the North American Arctic has been shaped by people and their activities. Canada and Arctic North America is the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary environmental history of Canada - exploring the complex interplay between human societies and northern North America, from the Aleutian Islands to the Grand Banks, and from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Islands."--BOOK JACKET.

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Glycosyltransferases in tumour-associated <i>O-</i> glycan biosynthesis: structural features and molecular recognition

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous modification, occurring in over 60% of eukaryotic proteins. It is the most complex post-translational modification of proteins and lipids, with an unparalleled capacity to generate diverse molecular structures. Glycosylation is a highly conserved enzymatic process catalysed by glycosyltransferases (GTs), involving the transfer of carbohydrate moieties to the side chains of specific amino acids in proteins, as well as to the ceramide group of lipids. This chapter is focused on the GTs involved in the O-glycosylation pathway, specifically in mucin-type O-glycosylation. Herein, the structural and molecular recognition features of key GTs implicated in the initial steps of mucin-type O-glycosylation are exhaustively described. Specifically, the enzymes with direct involvement in the formation of tumour-associated mucin O-glycans, such as GalNAc-Ts, C1GalT1, ST3Gal-I, ST6GalNAc-I, and -II are covered.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Morphological Study of Virus-like Particles in Two Transplantable Tumours from BDX Rats

Virus-like particles were found in two transplantable tumours, Sp56 and Sp6, from BDX rats. Sp56, a neurogenic sarcoma, contains abundant C-type particles in all stadia nof morphogeneis. This tumour reacts with anti-Friend leukaemia virus gp70 and anti-Rauscher leukaemia virus p30 sera. Sp6, a fibrosarcoma, has abundant virus-like particles in the cytoplasm, very often associated with centrioles or basal bodies of a cilium. These particles consist of two concentric shells with a diam. of 60 to 65 nm. Released particles were found outside the cell with a diam. of 85 to 100 nm characterized by an envelope and an eccentrically located electron-dense nucleoid, surrounded by an intermediate layer. These virus-like particles show no cross-reaction with antisera against murine C- or B-type particles, but show ultrastructural similarity with virus particles recently described in Chinese hamster cells and in mouse cell lines infected with two retrovirus isolates from South-East Asian mice.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DAMPAK PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DALAM PENYALURAN ALSINTAN DAN SAPRODI DI KELOMPOK TANI JAMBUAN JAYA, DESA ANTIROGO, KECAMATAN SUMBERSARI, KABUPATEN JEMBER

This study aims to to explore the role of extension workers in assisting farmer groups in obtaining access to agricultural machinery and agricultural inputs that meet farmers' needs, and to observe the impact of aid distribution on work effectiveness and agricultural production results. at the Jambuan Jaya Farmer Group, located in Antirogo Village, Sumbersari Subdistrict, Jember Regency. The research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. Informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, involving 10 individuals including group leaders, extension agents, and farmer group members. The findings indicate that agricultural extension workers play seven key roles in the distribution process: as motivators, communicators, facilitators, organizers, educators, consultants, and catalysts. The distribution of support is carried out in stages based on land area ownership and is complemented by training on equipment use. Although the distribution is not yet evenly allocated, the implementation of assistance and technical guidance is considered effective. The impact of the assistance is reflected in increased productivity, work efficiency, and farmers’ knowledge and skills in using agricultural technologies. Additionally, the two-way communication between farmers and extension agents strengthens mutual trust and encourages active participation of farmers in decision-making processes. The study concludes that the active role of extension workers is crucial in optimizing the distribution and utilization of agricultural assistance and in enhancing the institutional performance of farmer groups comprehensively.

Topic: Agricultural Development and Management
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences