jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RIBAVIRIN INDUCED ANEMIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C, VISITING OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A MAJOR PUBLIC SECTOR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI, PAKISTAN.

Background: Hepatitis C is among one of the major global health issues; which may cause chronic liver disease, end stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma; subsequently requiring liver transplant. For HCV, standard treatment is a combination therapy of ribavirin and interferon for six months. Ribavirin fostered hemolysis is a major treatment-associated adverse effect. Our study aimed to assess ribavirin induced anemia among Hepatitis C patients visiting Civil Hospital, Karachi. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study which included 106 Hepatitis C patients, of 15-60 years' age, visiting CHK, a public sector tertiary care hospital, from October 2017 to January 2018 by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Results: Total 106 patients participated, 53 (50.0%) were males and 53 (50.0%) were females. Mean (±SD) age was 37.05 (±10.793). Mean (±SD) duration of ribavirin use was 3.03 (±1.523) months. Around 16.0% had ribavirin dose reduction. All of them experienced weakness, fatigue and light-headedness, 59.4% developed microcytic hypochromic anemia, 23.6% had severe anemia. Mean (±SD) hemoglobin level before the onset of treatment was 12.78 (±1.555). Mean hemoglobin level during treatment was 10.72g/dL. Mean reduction in hemoglobin levels was 2.07g/dL. The reduction in hemoglobin levels and the duration of therapy were correlated (p-value &lt;0.05). The severity of anemia was related to age of the patients (p-value &lt;0.05) but not with gender and RBC morphology. Conclusion: Ribavirin induces anemia. The duration of ribavirin therapy and initial hemoglobin levels were related to the severity of anemia, significant enough to cause dose modification and subsequently suboptimal levels affecting efficacy. In return hemoglobin reduction, dose modification and age of the patient were also related.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Materials Data on La2Co14B by Materials Project

La2Co14B crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/mnm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent La sites. In the first La site, La is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to sixteen Co and two equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of La–Co bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.28 Å. Both La–B bond lengths are 3.12 Å. In the second La site, La is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to sixteen Co and one B atom. There are a spread of La–Co bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.31 Å. The La–B bond length is 2.86 Å. There are six inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to two La and ten Co atoms. There are a spread of Co–Co bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.59 Å. In the second Co site, Co is bonded to four La and eight Co atoms to form CoLa4Co8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve CoLa4Co8 cuboctahedra and faces with four equivalent CoLa3Co9 cuboctahedra. All Co–Co bond lengths are 2.53 Å. In the third Co site, Co is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent La, four Co, and two equivalent B atoms. There are two shorter (2.42 Å) and two longer (2.72 Å) Co–Co bond lengths. Both Co–B bond lengths are 2.02 Å. In the fourth Co site, Co is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two La and twelve Co atoms. There are a spread of Co–Co bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.73 Å. In the fifth Co site, Co is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two La, seven Co, and one B atom. The Co–Co bond length is 2.50 Å. The Co–B bond length is 2.06 Å. In the sixth Co site, Co is bonded to three La and nine Co atoms to form distorted CoLa3Co9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight CoLa4Co8 cuboctahedra, an edgeedge with one CoLa3Co9 cuboctahedra, and faces with four CoLa4Co8 cuboctahedra. The Co–Co bond length is 2.42 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three La and six Co atoms.

Topic: Rare-earth and actinide compounds
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multimodality Imaging for Radiosurgical Management of Arteriovenous Malformations

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rarely seen congenital vascular anomalies. AVMs may lead to intracranial hemorrages due to disorganized tangle of vessels. Lifetime risk of bleeding from AVMs may be significant given the diagnosis at typically earlier ages of the lifespan, and complications associated with hemorrhage may lead to substantial morbidity or mortality. Management of AVMs aims at eliminating or reducing the risk of subsequent bleeding. In this context, microvascular surgical resection, endovascular embolization and radiosurgical treatment may be used for management of AVMs.Objective: In this study, we assessed the incorporation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in treatment planning for AVM radiosurgery.Â Methods: We identified 25 patients receiving radiosurgery for AVMs at our institution. Radiosurgery target volumes generated by using CT-only based imaging and CT-MR fusion based imaging for each patient were evaluated.Results: Twenty five patients undergoing SRS for AVMs were evaluated for target volume determination in this study. Mean target volume was 4.9 cc (range: 1.3-15.9 cc) on CT-only imaging, 5.7 cc (range: 1.4-16.7 cc) on CT-MR fusion based imaging, and 5.9 cc (range: 1.4-16.9 cc) on consensus decision of all treating physicians with colleague peer review. Target definition based on CT-MR fusion based imaging was identical to the consensus decision of all treating physicians in majority of patients.Conclusions: Treatment planning for AVM radiosurgery may be improved by incorporating CT-MR fusion based imaging, which clearly should be supplemented with additional data from angiography. There is need for additional studies to establish a consensus on optimal target definition by multimodality imaging for SRS of AVMs.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Peer Review #1 of "Immunofluorescence characterization of spinal cord dorsal horn microglia and astrocytes in horses (v0.1)"

Role of glial cells in pain modulation has recently gathered attention.Objective of this study was to determine healthy spinal microglia and astrocyte morphology and disposition in equine spinal cord dorsal horns using Iba-1 and GFAP/Cx-43 immunofluorescence labeling, respectively.Five adult horses without visible wounds or gait alterations were selected.Spinal cord segments were obtained post-mortem for immunohistochemical and immunocolocalization assays.Immunodetection of spinal cord dorsal horn astrocytes was done using a polyclonal goat antibody raised against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and a polyclonal rabbit antibody against Connexin 43 (Cx-43).For immunodetection of spinal cord dorsal horn microglia, a polyclonal rabbit antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) was used.Epifluorescence and confocal images were obtained for the morphological and organizational analysis.Evaluation of shape, area, cell diameter, cell process length and thickness was performed on dorsal horn microglia and astrocyte.Morphologically, an amoeboid o spherical shape with a mean cell area of 92.4+34 µm2 (in lamina I, II and III) was found in horse microglial cells, located primarily in laminae I, II and III.Astrocyte primary stem branches (and cellular bodies to a much lesser extent) are mainly detected using GFAP.Thus, double GFAP/Cx-43 immunolabeling was needed in order to accurately characterize the morphology, dimension and cell density of astrocytes in horses.Horse and rodent astrocytes seem to have similar dimensions and localization.Horse astrocyte cells have an average diameter of 56+14 µm, with a main process length of 28+8 µm, and thickness of 1.4+0.3µm, mainly situated in laminae I, II and III.Additionally, a close association between end-point astrocyte processes and microglial cell bodies was found.These results are the first characterization of cell morphology and organizational aspects of horse spinal glia.Iba-1 and GFAP/Cx-43 can successfully immune-label microglia and astrocytes respectively in horse spinal cords, and thus reveal cell morphology and

Topic: Veterinary Equine Medical Research
Subfield: Equine
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Introduction: Radical Larkin and the Late Millennial Bowdler

For three centuries after his death, Shakespeare was regarded as a major poet so wanting in taste that even his greatest works were marred by regrettable moral and linguistic lapses. On hearing Shakespeare's boast that he never blotted out a line, Ben Jonson rejoined: 'Would he had blotted out a thousand'. Dr Johnson concurred: 'Shakespeare never has six lines together without a fault'. John Dryden claimed that Shakespeare 'is the very Janus of poets; he wears almost everywhere two faces; and you have scarce begun to admire the one ere you despise the other'. While Voltaire loftily declared that 'Shakespeare is a drunken savage … whose plays can please only in London and Canada'.1KeywordsReading StrategyWoman WriterReading PublicGreat PoetFacsimile EditionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Poetry Analysis and Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Tropical Geometry and Mechanism Design

We develop a novel framework to construct and analyze finite valued, multidimensional mechanisms using tropical convex geometry. We geometrically characterize incentive compatibility using cells in the tropical convex hull of the type set. These cells are the sets of incentive compatible payments and form tropical simplices, spanned by generating payments whose number equals the dimension of the simplex. The analysis of the collection of incentive compatible mechanisms via tropical simplices and their generating payments facilitates the use of geometric techniques. We use this view to derive a new geometric characterization of revenue equivalence but also show how to handle multidimensional mechanisms in the absence of revenue equivalence.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improvement of Heating Characteristics of Molybdenum Silicide Thin Film Electric Heaters

Molybdenum silicide (MoSi2) has high electrical conductivity as much as metal, and high chemical stability than such as SiC in various atmospheres. Therefore, many kinds of MoSi2 bulk-type heaters are practically used for operation up to 1800°C, which is higher than that of SiC heaters. However, MoSi2 is fragile at room temperature and has low creep resistance at high-temperature. The purpose of this study is to fabricate heaters using thin films of MoSi2 deposited on alumina substrates and crucible by RF magnetron sputtering and evaluate their characteristics. MoSi2 thin film was deposited on outside of the alumina crucible without heating substrate and then Pt wire attached using Pt paste by sintering in vacuum. This MoSi2 thin film heaters showed almost linear R-T characteristics and uniform heating state. They also showed good controllability of voltage and stability of power-T characteristics to operate up to 1000°C. However, at 1300°C of heating temperature, heating area of MoSi2 thin film decreased caused by the reaction of Pt and MoSi2 in the case of long-term heating. Thus, Mo thin film was deposited, as a buffer layer, between Pt and MoSi2 thin film to prevent such a reaction. This thin film heater showed good linier R-T characteristics up to 1200°C. But, the temperature coefficient of resistance changed as heating operation was repeated. This is due to the diffusion of Mo atoms into MoSi2. Thus, thin film heater was fabricated with Mo3Si whose content of Mo is more than that of MoSi2. This heater showed less diffusion of Mo or Pt atoms into thin film and excellent practical characteristics up to 1000°C.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis on the Pathogen of a Hospital Urinary Tract Infection and its Drug Resistance Characteristics

Objective To research the pathogen distribution characteristics of a hospital urinary tract infection and its drug resistance of the commonly used medicine.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out on the results of 332 cases with quantitative urine culture positive and their drug susceptibility testing.Results 30 kinds of pathogens were cultured and isolated form positive specimens of quantitative urine culture, the first six were E.coli, K.pneumonia,E.faecium,S.haemolyticus,P.mirabilis, E.faecalis, and they had serious resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, SMZ-TMP that this hospital was used to treat urinary tract infection.Conclusion The clinic should pay attention to and strengthen the standard of using antibiotics, and know the distribution of pathogen and the change of drug resistance, and properly use antibiotics.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic Signatures of Positive Selection in Human Populations Adapted to High Altitude in Papua New Guinea

Abstract Papua New Guinea (PNG) hosts distinct environments mainly represented by the ecoregions of the Highlands and Lowlands that display increased altitude and a predominance of pathogens, respectively. Since its initial peopling approximately 50,000 years ago, inhabitants of these ecoregions might have differentially adapted to the environmental pressures exerted by each of them. However, the genetic basis of adaptation in populations from these areas remains understudied. Here, we investigated signals of positive selection in 62 highlanders and 43 lowlanders across 14 locations in the main island of PNG using whole-genome genotype data from the Oceanian Genome Variation Project (OGVP) and searched for signals of positive selection through population differentiation and haplotype-based selection scans. Additionally, we performed archaic ancestry estimation to detect selection signals in highlanders within introgressed regions of the genome. Among highland populations we identified candidate genes representing known biomarkers for mountain sickness (SAA4, SAA1, PRDX1, LDHA) as well as candidate genes of the Notch signaling pathway (PSEN1, NUMB, RBPJ, MAML3), a novel proposed pathway for high altitude adaptation in multiple organisms. We also identified candidate genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis, processes inducible by hypoxia, as well as in components of the eye lens and the immune response. In contrast, candidate genes in the lowlands are mainly related to the immune response (HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA2, TAAR6, TAAR9, TAAR8, RNASE4, RNASE6, ANG). Moreover, we find two candidate regions to be also enriched with archaic introgressed segments, suggesting that archaic admixture has played a role in the local adaptation of PNG populations.

Topic: High Altitude and Hypoxia
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Standardization Of Protein Immunoprocedures Choriogonadotropin (Cg)

The objectives of this report is to improve the quality of immunochemical determinations of proteins. Procedures for determination of the various molecular forms hCG were chosen as the subject of a detailed study, with the aim as using this report as a model for similar future projects. The aim of this undertaking is to improve the reliability and reproducibility of the results and, as a result of this, to enhance the clinical usefulness of hCG determinations. The following means will be used to achieve these goals: (a) establishing uniform nomenclature and abbreviations for various molecular forms of hCG, (b) preparation of new calibrators for these and establishing of methods for determining the amount of substance concentration in mol/L, (c) improving quality assessment materials and procedures, (d) definition of methods for characterization of hCG measurement procedures.

Topic: Blood disorders and treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pulmonary Hypertension: Endothelial Cell Function

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating sequel of a number of diverse systemic diseases including cardiopulmonary, autoimmune, inflammatory and myeloproliferative diseases, drug toxicity, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, portal hypertension, sickle cell disease and thalassemia etc. Despite major advances in the field, precise mechanism/s of PH is not yet fully understood. In experimental models, endothelial dysfunction is reported to occur before the onset of PH. Therefore, it is not surprising that the clinical diagnosis is often made late during the course of the disease. The major features of PH are impaired vascular relaxation, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and proliferation, narrowing of the lumen, elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. As the disease progresses, neointima formation takes place leading to further narrowing of the lumen, worsening of the disease, right heart failure and death.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Flow Measurement by Piezoelectric Accelerometers: Application in the Oil Industry

The objective was to analyze a recently developed flow measurement technique based on the vibration captured by an accelerometer attached to the pipeline surface for use in the oil industry. The applied methodology consists of performing an experimental study to obtain data in an accredited laboratory for calibration of flowmeters, estimating a flow rate for each vibration measured, followed by an uncertainty analysis. The results of water flow rates showed a measurement uncertainty between 2.5% and 5.0% of reading (95% confidence). While these results do not meet to Brazilian regulations for the measurement of crude oil of 0.3% of reading, they are acceptable under the regulations for produced, injected, captured, or discarded water, which occur the processing of oil.

Topic: Flow Measurement and Analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring the Reversal Curse and Other Deductive Logical Reasoning in BERT and GPT-Based Large Language Models

The term "Reversal Curse" refers to the scenario where auto-regressive decoder large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, trained on "A is B" fail to learn "B is A," assuming that B and A are distinct and can be uniquely identified from each other, demonstrating a basic failure of logical deduction. This raises a red flag in the use of GPT models for certain general tasks such as constructing knowledge graphs, considering their adherence to this symmetric principle. In our study, we examined a bidirectional LLM, BERT, and found that it is immune to the reversal curse. Driven by ongoing efforts to construct biomedical knowledge graphs with LLMs, we also embarked on evaluating more complex but essential deductive reasoning capabilities. This process included first training encoder and decoder language models to master the intersection and union operations on two sets and then moving on to assess their capability to infer different combinations of union and intersection operations on three newly created sets. The findings showed that while both encoder and decoder language models, trained for tasks involving two sets (union/intersection), were proficient in such scenarios, they encountered difficulties when dealing with operations that included three sets (various combinations of union and intersection). Our research highlights the distinct characteristics of encoder and decoder models in simple and complex logical reasoning. In practice, the choice between BERT and GPT should be guided by the specific requirements and nature of the task at hand, leveraging their respective strengths in bidirectional context comprehension and sequence prediction.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Subfield: Health Informatics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD 4O-BC02-NF #172053.1

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.

Topic: Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating the regulation of the unc-33 promoter by environmental stressors

Schizophrenia is a complex and chronic psychiatric disorder that is characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment, some of which presents themselves as hallucinations and delusions, lack of emotional responsivity, and difficulty processing information respectively (Farah 2018). The development of schizophrenia is multifactorial in which non-genetic components are involved in conjunction with the effect of genes (Sullivan 2005). While there are no single causal molecular players or environmental factors leading to schizophrenia, prenatal stressors such as nutritional deficiency, maternal stress, and viral-bacterial infections have been shown to increase vulnerability to the disorder (Brown and Patterson 2011; Susser and Lin 1992; Wang and Zhang 2017).

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DELAYED FEEDBACK SUPPRESSION OF COLLECTIVE RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY IN A NEURONAL ENSEMBLE

We analyze the delayed feedback approach to suppression of collective synchrony in a population of globally or randomly coupled neurons. In particular, we consider the main factors of imperfection of the control scheme and their influence on the suppression efficiency. Next, with the help of a realistic model of synaptically coupled population of inhibitory and excitatory neurons we demonstrate the potential of the suppression scheme for neurophysiological applications.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences