jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Moral Distress of Staff Nurses in a Medical Intensive Care Unit

• Background Moral distress is caused by situations in which the ethically appropriate course of action is known but cannot be taken. Moral distress is thought to be a serious problem among nurses, particularly those who practice in critical care. It has been associated with job dissatisfaction and loss of nurses from the workplace and the profession. • Objectives To assess the level of moral distress of nurses in a medical intensive care unit, identify situations that result in high levels of moral distress, explore implications of moral distress, and evaluate associations among moral distress and individual characteristics of nurses. • Methods A descriptive, questionnaire study was used. A total of 28 nurses working in a medical intensive care unit anonymously completed a 38-item moral distress scale and described implications of experiences of moral distress. • Results Nurses reported a moderate level of moral distress overall. Highest levels of distress were associated with the provision of aggressive care to patients not expected to benefit from that care. Moral distress was significantly correlated with years of nursing experience. Nurses reported that moral distress adversely affected job satisfaction, retention, psychological and physical well-being, self-image, and spirituality. Experience of moral distress also influenced attitudes toward advance directives and participation in blood donation and organ donation. • Conclusions Critical care nurses commonly encounter situations that are associated with high levels of moral distress. Experiences of moral distress have implications that extend well beyond job satisfaction and retention. Strategies to mitigate moral distress should be developed and tested.

Topic: Ethics in medical practice
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Diagnostic procedure in cholecystolithiasis. Diagnostic approach, repeat examinations and (incidental) findings].

If non-surgical methods are to be taken into account in the therapeutic decision-making process in cholecystolithiasis, an expanded diagnostic work-up including not only stone parameters but also gallbladder function, is needed. In 2270 patients (1649 women, 621 men; age: 47.2 +/- 14 years) with (suspected) "cholecystolithiasis" attending the special gallstone outpatient clinic at a university medical department within a period of 5 years the diagnostic procedures most commonly used in both the doctor's office and hospital were abdominal ultrasonography (52%/78%), laboratory investigations (28%/39%) and plain films of the biliary tract (27%/39%). In the doctor's office gallbladder function testing took the form of an cholecystogram (17% of the patients); in the hospital ultrasonography to determine gallbladder contractility (38%). With decreasing frequency, the following additional procedures were carried out (office/hospital): CT 3%/19%, esophagogastroduodenoscopy 7%/3%, intravenous cholegram 6%/0.6%, abdominal X-ray 1%/0.4%, ERCP 1%/0.4%, chest X-ray 0.8%/1.6%. Duplicated examinations showed a relevant frequency only for ultrasonography (39% of the cases), laboratory investigations (18%) and plain films of the gallbladder (4%). Pathologic secondary findings were established in 22% of the cases.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultrasound of Hypertrophic Pylorian Stenosis: About A Case and Literature Review

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an obstruction of the lumen of the pylorus by muscular hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter, more common in boys. We report the case of a male newborn at 13 weeks of life, born at term with a birth weight estimated at 2900 grams without any particular history. Clinically he had an increased frequency of sputum and postprandial jet vomiting, dehydration and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound found a lengthening of the pyloric canal measuring 22 mm in length associated with a thickening of the muscularis of the pyloric region measuring 4 mm forming a "pyloric olive" 13 mm in diameter. There was also significant gastric stasis upstream of the hypertrophic stenosis. The examination was carried out at the reference health center of commune III in the district of Bamako. The objective of this work was to provide our experience on the ultrasound semiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis with a review of the literature.

Topic: Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Pilot Study Using an Implantable Device to Characterize Cardiac Arrhythmias in Hemodialysis Patients: Implications for Future Research

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common mode of death among hemodialysis (HD) patients, but little is known about terminal arrhythmias in HD patients. We conducted the first prospective study using an implantable cardiac monitor to capture malignant arrhythmias among hemodialysis patients. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of a larger study designed to identify mechanisms of SCD in HD patients. We screened patients from two nephrology practices without a history of cardiac arrhythmias or pre-existing rhythm management devices. Consenting patients underwent implantation of a continuous cardiac monitor and were followed for 6 months. In total, 1093 patients were screened. 722 (66%) patients were excluded due to pre-existing arrhythmias or cardiac device or comorbid conditions which would increase infection risk or otherwise complicate the procedure. Of the remaining patients, 363 (98%) declined participation or could not participate. Eight patients underwent implantation of the monitor. There were no significant arrhythmias or device-related adverse events. This is the first study of an implantable cardiac monitor in HD patients. Despite minimally invasive device implantation, a strong collaboration between cardiology and nephrology, and a large population of available study subjects, we were able to enroll only eight patients. Our experience suggests that design of future studies of cardiac arrhythmias in HD patients should take into account the high burden of comorbidities and invasive procedures borne by this patient population. Reducing the burden of patient participation using less intrusive, remotely monitored devices may aid efforts to characterize arrhythmias in this challenging patient population.

Topic: Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Robots help out with bricks

Describes one of the first robotic installations in a brickworks in Europe, now operating in the UK at the Warnham factory of Ibstock Building Products in Horsham. Explains how the ten Fanuc robots form part of a major investment in new machinery supplied to the UK plant by French company, Ceric, which specializes in equipment for brick and tile manufacture. Outlines the main benefits of the robots, which are used for setting and unloading operations.

Topic: Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

El Niño events are known to strongly affect biological production and ecosystem structure in the tropical Pacific. Understanding and predicting biological processes in this area are hampered because the existing in situ observing system focuses primarily on physical measurements and does not observe key biological parameters; the only high spatial and temporal resolution biology-related observations are from the global array of ocean color satellites which provide an estimate of surface chlorophyll concentrations only. Since the1990s, an apparent shift of the El Niño maximum sea-surface temperature (SST) warm anomaly from the eastern to the central equatorial Pacific has frequently been observed. Satellite observations show significant changes in chlorophyll-a(Chl-a), new production (NP) and total primary production(PP) in the equatorial Pacific associated with these new central Pacific (CP) El Niño events (also called El Niño Modoki) relative to eastern Pacific El Niños. During CP-El Niños, NP, Chl-a and PP in the central basin are depressed relative to EP-El Niños and lower values of Chl-a and PP coincide spatially with higher SST in the central Pacific. While surface Chl-a, and integrated NP and PP over the entire equatorial band, decrease during both CP and EP-El Niños, the magnitude of this decrease seems to depend more on the intensity than type of event. The changing spatial patterns have significant implications for equatorial biological dynamics if, as has been suggested, CP-El Niños increase in frequency in the future.

Topic: Marine and coastal ecosystems
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The impact of an appearance-focussed facial-ageing intervention on adolescents’ attitudes towards sun protection and UV exposure

The study investigated British adolescents’ experiences of an appearance-focussed, facial-ageing, morphing intervention designed to increase sun protection intentions. The study population consisted of 237 adolescents, 60 of whom were randomly allocated to participate in the appearance-focused intervention condition and 176 to a control condition. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and immediately post-intervention. Adolescents who had participated in the appearance-focussed intervention had significantly greater intentions to use sun protection, significantly more negative sun risk beliefs, lower sun benefit attitudes and higher perceived sun damage susceptibility after viewing the information given than participants in the control group. It is concluded that appearance-focussed interventions may be a useful tool to use when educating young people about the importance of protecting their skin from UV exposure.

Topic: Skin Protection and Aging
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LASER SCATTERING AND SURFACE MODEL IN FRUIT QUALITY RESEARCH

This work presents the use of the stereovision method for detecting the position of the scattered area in 3D and the laser incident angle detection. The scattered area depends not only on the internal fruit quality (healthy and not healthy biological tissue) but also on the laser incident angle on the fruit surface. This information is required for the recalculation of the scattered area perpendicular to the laser ray. It is a kind of the area normalization. Such normalized area can be used for further fruit health estimation. The work presents: the used materials and equipment, the method description, the mathematical background and the experimental results.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
When two become one: sexuality studies and critical studies of men and masculinities

Men think about sex … a lot. Is this a problem or is this a site for reformation? In this paper, we set out to think actively, deeply, about the question of sexuality, to penetrate the limits of men and masculinity studies, and to tease at a range of questions that it seems the field is not attending to for any number of reasons. When men’s studies scholars speak of sex, we often speak of rape culture, violent sex, ideas of entitlement to sex, sex workers and pornography. Many of these approaches would be framed and understood by many as ‘sex negative.’ This paper sets out to think about what a ‘sex positive’ vision of men’s studies might look like – and also to ask if a sex positive vision of the field is even possible, desirable or necessary. In this paper, we braid together sex positive feminist theory, queer theory and men’s studies to complicate the matter of sexuality, both as an actual site of the kinds of things we do, and as a site of psychic and affective possibility.

Topic: Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetic and Dynamic Description of Caffeine

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of caffeine as the most and widely consumed beverage in the globe were examined. Forty-three articles published between 1980 and 2016 were selected with a list of keywords that represent the most relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of caffeine. Findings show that the oral route is the most common route of administration of caffeine. The complete caffeine absorption takes place in the small intestine and it needs around 45 minutes to get 99% bioavailability with no significant first pass effect of caffeine. Caffeine absorption rate constant K01 is around 0.33 minute−1, volume of distribution is ranging between 0.5 and 0.75 L/kg, plasma-protein binding about 10–30%, half-life is around 4 hours, clearance is ranging between 1 and 3 mg/kg/min, and elimination rate constant is ranging between 0.09 and 0.33 hour−1. Caffeine elimination takes place by first-order kinetics and is effectively explained by a one-compartment open model system. Ninety-five percent of the caffeine primary metabolism is done in the liver by CYP1A2, and 3% or less is excreted unchanged in urine. Caffeine is metabolized through phase I oxidation reactions mainly to paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline followed by phase II conjugation. 1-Methylxanthine, 1-methyluric acid, 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil, and 1,7-dimethyluric acid are the main caffeine metabolites in the urine. Caffeine fatal dose ranges between 5 and 10 g/day.

Topic: Coffee research and impacts
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Static state feedback linearization of nonlinear control systems on homogeneous time scales

The paper addresses the problem of static state feedback linearization for nonlinear control systems defined on homogeneous time scales. Necessary and sufficient conditions for generic local linearizability of the considered systems by static state feedback and state transformation are presented in terms of a sequence of subspaces of differential one-forms related to the system.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nursing of biliary stent in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice and complications

Objective:To investigate the perioperative nursing through percutaneous transhepatic puncture biliary stent placement for jaundice of malignant obstructive jaundice. Methods:53 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent placement. Before and One week after operation,total bilirubin (TB),direct bilirubin (DB) and alanine transaminase were examined. 22 cases of the patients underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE). Results:In 53 cases of patients,55 Ni-Ti shap memory alloy were implanted in the stenosis common hepatic duct and two stents were placed in two patients respectively. The successful rate of operation was 100%,complications were treated in this group. Conclusion:Nursing plays an important role in reducing the complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent implantation.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Specification of Surface Roughness Over Oceans in the GLAS Fourth Order GCM

The surface roughness height z sub 0 is a parameter which measures the effect of surface irregularities on the mean profiles which occur in the atmospheric surface layer. Over land surfaces, z sub 0 is a function of soil composition, plant canopy type and distribution and other factors such as buildings and structures. Over open water, z sub 0 depends only on the distribution of waves, wavelets and other surface irregularities. These, in turn, are thought to be determined by the mean wind within the surface layer. Large and Pond have derived an empirical relationship between the mean wind speed U sub 10 at the ten meter level over open water and the neutral drag coefficient C sub DN. Their relationship covers the range U sub 10 or = M/S. Earlier, Kondo had computed a relationship between U sub 10 and C sub DN on the basis of laboratory observations which extended down to the range of infinitely small wind speeds. An interpretation between the relationships of Large and Pond for large wind speed and of Kondo for small wind speed is presented.

Topic: Aeolian processes and effects
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
What Do We Know About Exposure at Default on Contingent Credit Lines? A Survey of the Literature and Empirical Analysis

Exposure at Default (EAD) quantification for the large exposures to contingent credit lines (CCLs) is a critical for models of credit risk amongst financial institutions. This includes expected loss calculations for loan provisions, economic credit capital as well as regulatory capital under the Basel II advanced Internal Ratings Based (IRB) framework. However, banks struggle in quantifying EAD due to limited empirical evidence and industry benchmarks, unavailable or inconsistent internal data and paucity of practical models. This study contributes to this modelling effort by surveying the existing literature and consolidating the empirical evidence on EAD. We consider recent extensions of prior empirical work that considers alternative determinants and measures of EAD risk in addition to the traditional approaches, including regression models and actuarial based models of EAD. We illustrate these new EAD paradigms through an empirical investigation using a sample of Moody’s rated defaulted firms, first the construction of a predictive econometric model in the generalized linear model class, followed by the calibration of an EAD model similar to basic CreditRisk type using Fast Fourrier transforms to convolute portfolio segments.

Topic: Credit Risk and Financial Regulations
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Discordance Between Aeroallergen Specific Serum IgE and Skin Testing in Children Younger than 4 Years

G de Vos, R Nazari, D Ferastraoaru. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;110(6):438–443

The goal of this study was to test the yield of skin prick testing (SPT) versus allergen-specific serum IgE (sIgE) testing at identifying aeroallergen sensitization in atopic children aged <4 years.

The study population consisted of 40 atopic inner-city children from a pediatric asthma center in the Bronx, New York, aged <4 years who had a history of wheezing. Patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective interventional clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in asthma.

Children with wheezing on >1 occasion, atopy, and having a major risk factor …

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comprehensive Photokinetic and NMR Study of a Biphotochromic Supermolecule Involving Two Naphthopyrans Linked to a Central Thiophene Unit Through Acetylenic Bonds

Abstract A photophysical and photochemical study of a biphotochromic compound where two naphthopyran units are linked by an acetylene–thiophene–acetylene bridge has been carried out in toluene. Both fluorescence and intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold were found to compete with the photocoloration process. Two photoproducts (transoid-trans and transoid-cis stereoisomers), absorbing at ∼480 nm and corresponding to the opening of a single photochromic unit, were detected by spectrophotometric analysis after short irradiation time in diluted solution and identified by 1H–nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. After prolonged irradiation at 228 K of highly concentrated solutions (up to 3 × 10−3 mol dm−3), two additional isomers, absorbing at ∼550 nm, were formed. Their NMR spectra indicate the opening of both photochromic units. An interesting effect of selective vibronic excitation was found, showing that the photoreaction is favored at excited vibronic levels to the detriment of the radiative relaxation.

Topic: Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ABSTRACT 170

Background and aims: Neonatal mortality accounts for 43% of under-five mortality, and the data is higher in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU). Therefore, more and more nations are focused on improving newborn health and survival. Recently, it is popular to use indicators as an effective tool for measuring and managing the quality-of-care in hospital. However, there are few quality-of-care indicators in neonatal intensive care. Aims: We aim to develop a set of quality-of-care indicators of neonatal intensive care units in Chinese hospital. Methods: We reviewed the scientific literature and US, Thailand and other countries’ national database of nursing quality indicators to identify candidate indicators. A modified Delphi method was used to develop the quality-of-care indicators of NICU. And an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted to calculate indicator weights. Results: We organized two rounds of data collection from forty-eight experts working for quality improvement programmers. The expert panel recommended a total of 81 indicators that cover 24 structure indicators, 26 process indicators and 31 outcome indicators. Conclusions: The modified Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process jointly determine the quality-of-care indicators of NICU to ensure the scientific and reliable characteristic of the indicators. It is able to comprehensively measure the nursing quality of NICU and provide the basis for the improvement of nursing quality of NICU.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On 3‐D wavefront construction by adaptive re‐tiling

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996On 3‐D wavefront construction by adaptive re‐tilingAuthors: Toshi ChangAlistair DownieToshi ChangCogniSeis Development, Inc. and Alistair DownieCogniSeis Development, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826733 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826733FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Toshi Chang and Alistair Downie, (1996), "On 3‐D wavefront construction by adaptive re‐tiling," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 658-661. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826733 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

Topic: Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Regiospecific Syntheses of Peptides with Piperazic and Dehydropiperazic Acids via a Multicomponent Reaction.

Abstract The synthesis of piperazic acid derivatives via a novel multicomponent reaction of tetrahydropyridazines, isocyanides, and carboxylic acids is presented.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences