jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING ACCESS TO LOCAL BIODIVERSITY KNOLEDGE IN THE DELTA: EXPERIENCES OF

Abstract: The Okavango Delta with its unique ecosystem has attracted its fair share of researchers from all corners of the world, resulting in the creation of a wealth of knowledge. Researchers, environmentalists and policy makers alike acknowledge that the preservation of this fragile ecosystem largely depends on the availability, accessibility and unimpeded flow of information in many formats. The biggest challenge, therefore, is how do we as information specialists/librarians gather this information from the various sources, especially the grey literature and unpublished technical reports, and make them accessible not only for planners and policy makers but for everyone. For a long time, the tendency has been to focus on the published scholarly reports and articles that can be accessed easily. Grey literature has often been relegated to the back burner, and as a result some of it has been lost. This paper looks at several initiatives (both local and international) in which the Okavango Institute Library and some of its partners are involved to enhance access to local biodiversity knowledge. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of sharing knowledge in the preservation of this unique ecosystem on which the people of the Delta depend for their livelihood.

Topic: Optics and Image Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The evolving use of pembrolizumab in combination treatment approaches for non-small cell lung cancer

<b>Introduction</b>: The immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab, has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is currently approved and widely used in patients with advanced NSCLC whose tumors have no <i>EGFR</i> or <i>ALK</i> genomic aberrations that express PD-L1 as single-agent treatment and irrespective of PD-L1 expression in combination with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in the first-line setting.<b>Areas covered</b>: The authors have reviewed articles discussing pembrolizumab and NSCLC in MEDLINE between July 2013 to August 2019 and focus on recent advances in combining pembrolizumab with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other novel agents in various stages of NSCLC.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Although pembrolizumab has revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC, only a subset of patients benefit from single-agent therapy. Numerous trials combining pembrolizumab with chemotherapy and radiation have shown benefit and a large spectrum of novel combination strategies are being explored for improved synergies. In addition to PD-L1 tumor proportion score, validation of other biomarkers would be beneficial in stratifying patients and improving the predictive value of combining immune check point inhibitors and chemotherapy.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Who can benefit from postoperative radiotherapy following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy?—looking for the “Rosetta Stone” of prostate cancer

Over the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest to find a personalized and customized treatment approach for prostate cancer patients, aiming to optimize cancer control and improve functional outcomes.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD Langmuir4 #187216.1

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.

Topic: Rare-earth and actinide compounds
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Plantago media L. Organs Obtained in In Vitro Cultures

Micropropagation of Plantago media L. and the presence of phenolic compounds in organs of multiplied plants were investigated for the first time. Multiplication of plant material was achieved in shoot-tip cultures and via direct organogenesis on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with four variants of plant growth regulators (M1–M4). The best multiplication coefficient – 9.2 was obtained in seedling shoot-tip cultures on MS medium M3 with BA 0.2 mg/L and IAA 1.0 mg/L. Methanol extracts prepared separately from shoots and roots of in vitroderived plantlets were found to contain typical of the genus Plantago L. phenylethanoid glycosides as the only phenolics. Acteoside and plantamajoside were the major compounds – both known to possess a wide range of promising biological activities applicable for medicinal (therapeutic) and cosmetic uses. Martynoside, as a trace constituent, was also found for the first time in the studied species. The quantitative screening of the extracts by TLC video densitometric method showed a higher content of acteoside in shoots (range 62.43–93.03 mg/g, dry weight) and plantamajoside in roots (range 22.45–44.08 mg/g); the highest recorded values – 93.03 mg/g and 44.08 mg/g, respectively, were found in the organs obtained on MS medium M4 with BA 2.0 mg/L.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Esthetics and Methods in the Study of Sexual Rights

The study of sexuality has been and remains a seminal project for Social &amp; Legal Studies. This article utilizes the political/esthetic theory of Jacques Rancière in order to explore the dimensions of this project as an intervention in the field of sociolegal studies from the Journal’s inception to contemporary concerns. Early studies of sexuality in the Journal developed three methodological themes: law as deconstructable process, as consequential for the performative aspects of nonessentialized identities, and as potentially destabilized by highly mobile rights claiming. This article seeks to understand whether this unique agenda for the study of gender, sexuality, and law remains viable. It concludes that the nonessentialist fluidity of gender and sexuality which framed early approaches to the study of the consequences of rights and the relationship of sexual and gender identity requires renewed attention to the structures of race, colonialism, and imperialism enabling and enabled by contemporary queer critique.

Topic: African Sexualities and LGBTQ+ Issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pro-Patent Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy

In a knowledge-based economy, innovation plays a significant role in determining the level of economic growth and social welfare. Meanwhile, patent protection is a pivotal factor for research and development (R&D) incentives, and innovation performance depends on the degree of patent protection. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism for impact of patent protection on innovation; and hence economic growth is a crucial issue from the perspective of macroeconomic policy. Our research questions are twofold. (1) What conditions are necessary for patent protection to effectively promote innovation and economic growth? (2) Can strengthening patent protection enhance social welfare? This study addresses these problems using an expanding variety model of R&D-based endogenous growth. Our major findings are summarized as follows: If an economy satisfies conditions that the productivity in the final goods sector and labor force population are relatively large, while the patent duration elasticity of patent fee is relatively small, extending the patent duration fosters on the rate of innovation, the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and the growth rate of livelihood-based public infrastructure. Moreover, strengthening patent protection by extending the duration of the patent right does not necessarily enhance social welfare. Furthermore, the patent duration that maximizes social welfare may be shorter than the patent duration that maximizes the growth rate of GDP per capita, the rate of innovation, or the growth rate of livelihood-based public infrastructure.

Topic: Intellectual Property and Patents
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Regimen Federativo E A Republica Brazileira

Amaro Cavalcanti, filho de Amaro Soares Cavalcanti de Brito e de Ana Cavalcanti, nasceu a 15.08.1849, no município de Caicó (RN). Completou e aperfeiçoou seu curso de Humanidades na cidade de São Luís do Maranhão. Foi designado pelo Presidente da província do Ceará para ir aos Estados Unidos da América, a fim de estudar uma reforma da instrução pública aplicável à província. Aproveitando seu estágio naquele país, fez o curso completo na Escola de Direito da Union University (Albany), em New York, formando-se na turma de 1880-1881. Depois de diplomado, recebeu da Corte Suprema o título de Consellor at Law, passando a ter o direito de exercer a profissão jurídica naquela República. Regressando ao Brasil, foi nomeado Diretor-Geral da Instrução Pública, devido à prática adquirida durante o exercício do magistério público e aos estudos a que procedeu nos EUA. Representou o estado do Rio Grande do Norte no Congresso Constituinte, foi Ministro Plenipotenciário na República do Paraguai, ocupou as pastas de Ministro da Justiça e Negócios Interiores (1897) e Ministro de Estado da Fazenda (1918-1919), foi nomeado Consultor Jurídico do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (1905-1906) e integrou o Supremo Tribunal Federal (1906-1914). Prestou outros serviços à República, dentre eles: Delegado do Brasil na Conferência Financeira de Washington (1915), Membro da delegação brasileira no 3º Congresso Internacional Americano (1906), Prefeito do Distrito Federal (1917-1918) e Membro da Corte Permanente de Arbitragem em Haia (1917-1923). Escreveu, entre outras, as seguintes obras: Educação elementar nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte (1883); Notícia cronológica da educação popular no Brasil (1888); Reforma Monetária (1891); Regime Federativo e a República Brasileira (1900); Responsabilidade Civil do Estado (1905); Pan-american questions means looking to the mutual development of american republics (1913). Foi casado com D. Eponina de Sousa Ferreira, filha do Conselheiro Sousa Ferreira, redator do Jornal do Comércio. Faleceu a 28.01.1922, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo sepultado no Cemitério de São João Batista.

Topic: Brazilian History and Foreign Policy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Activators Target Human Endothelial Cells to Inhibit Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interaction

Abstract —An early event in acute and chronic inflammation and associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis is the induced expression of specific adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs), which subsequently bind leukocytes. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, are activated by fatty acid metabolites, peroxisome proliferators, and thiazolidinediones and are now recognized as important mediators in the inflammatory response. Whether PPAR activators influence the inflammatory responses of ECs is unknown. We show that the PPAR activators 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 (15d-PGJ 2 ), Wyeth 14643, ciglitazone, and troglitazone, but not BRL 49653, partially inhibit the induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), as measured by ELISA, and monocyte binding to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide. The “natural” PPAR activator 15d-PGJ 2 had the greatest potency and was the only tested molecule capable of partially inhibiting the induced expression of E-selectin and neutrophil-like HL60 cell binding to PMA-activated HAECs. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 induction by PMA was unaffected by any of the molecules tested. Both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ mRNAs were detected in HAECs by using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and a ribonuclease protection assay; however, we have yet to determine which, if any, of the PPARs are mediating this process. These results suggest that certain PPAR activators may help limit chronic inflammation mediated by VCAM-1 and monocytes without affecting acute inflammation mediated by E-selectin and neutrophil binding.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep Casa for Talker-independent Monaural Speech Separation

Monaural speech separation is the task of separating target speech from interference in single-channel recordings. Although substantial progress has been made recently in deep learning based speech separation, previous studies usually focus on a single type of interference, either background noise or competing speakers. In this study, we address both speech and nonspeech interference, i.e., monaural speaker separation in noise, in a talker-independent fashion. We extend a recently proposed deep CASA system to deal with noisy speaker mixtures. To facilitate speech enhancement, a denoising module is added to deep CASA as a front-end processor. The proposed systems achieve state-of-the-art results on a benchmark noisy two-speaker separation dataset. The denoising module leads to substantial performance gain across various noise types, and even better generalization in noise-free conditions.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
TO ASSESS THE NEED OF MEDICOLEGAL EDUCATION IN INTERNS AND RESIDENTS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTION

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Forensic Medicine and Toxicology is an important subject in medical education, but Medical Council of India has reduced the syllabus at undergraduate level losing its importance and role in giving justice in criminal cases.The public is now conscious about their legal rights as a patient that is why medical profession has come under purview of consumer protection act.MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted from January 2013 to January 2015 in 115 interns and 105 residents.The data was collected and analyzed statistically for number and percentage using EPI-Info statistical software version 6. RESULTS: Total 220 students were participated in the present study.We found that 103(89.6%)interns and 44(41.9%)residents had no experience of handling MLC, 17(14.8%)interns and 23(21.9%)residents were aware about preservatives to be used for chemical analysis of various articles like gastric lavage, blood, urine in poisoning cases, 37(32.2%)interns and 49(46.7%)residents were aware about medical indemnity insurance and 15 (13%) interns and 85(80%) residents were having idea of Consumer Protection Act.CONCLUSION: It was found that the knowledge about medicolegal aspects needs to boost up time to time particularly at internship and postgraduate levels.

Topic: Medical and Biological Sciences
Subfield: Anatomy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative Study of Digital Forensic Investigation on Cyber Criminal

Digital forensic investigation has undergone tremendous changes in the last decade from initial computers to current mobile devices and storage devices.The significance of digital forensics in the process of prosecuting digital criminals who use digital devices.The process of analysing digital forensic investigations requires a model or framework so that the investigation process can run in more detail and structure.As in previous studies, there is no digital forensic investigation that addresses one standard for all.The digital crimes have increased around the world and have resulted in being developed of survey models that can be escalade to find digital evidence.In some previous studies, there have been many discussions about models or frameworks in investigating a digital forensic case, and these models can be widely used.Some models discuss a detailed process, and some discuss a process in general, this can lead to digital forensic investigators having difficulty choosing the right model in investigating a case.The digital forensic investigation must be carried out effectively, efficiently and structured, with several significant steps that must be considered.Every step and phase must produce documentation that is important in understanding how the investigation process is built.The goal of this paper was to study and compare the digital forensic investigation model.The study also included interpretation and illustration of fundamental concepts used by the framework or model.

Topic: Digital and Cyber Forensics
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spouse's Personality and Marital Quality

Objective: To explore the relationship of spouse's personality and their marital quality.Methods:The marital quality and personality of 234 couples were measured with Chinese Marital Quality Inventory and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire revised in China.The relationship between marital quality and personality of each couple was analyzed.Results: The marital quality of couples with lower N score(T40), lower P score(T40), and higher L score(T=30-50) was better than that of couples with higher N score(T60), higher P score(T60), and lower L score(T30), there was uncertain relationship between E score and marital quality.Conclusion:Similarities and complementarities of spouse's personality are not certainly relation to marital quality, and marital quality is good in the couples with emotional stabilization, good communication, and proper leasing.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Hypoglycemia in Older People With Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Outpatient and Long-Term Care Facility Settings

Hypoglycemia in the older population is a significant problem accounting for increased hospitalizations, emergency room visits, health care costs, and decreased quality of life. Older patients are more susceptible to hypoglycemia because of the increased prevalence of comorbidities requiring multiple medications, age-related physiologic changes, and a progressive decline in health. Older patients are less likely to present with symptoms of hypoglycemia and symptoms may frequently appear at a lower threshold of blood glucose than in younger patients. Consequently, preventing and treating hyperglycemia in older patients can be challenging. If mismanaged, the impact of hypoglycemia in these patients can lead to acute and chronic negative outcomes. Insulin and sulfonylureas should be closely monitored, and deprescribing should be routinely considered in older patients at high risk for hypoglycemia.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a multi-objective scheduling system for offshore projects based on hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm

In order to enhance the efficiency of offshore companies, a multi-objective scheduling system based on hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was proposed. An optimized model for multi-objective and multi-execution mode was constructed under the condition of taking time, cost, and resource into account, and then the mathematical model for the same was established. Moreover, the key techniques of the proposed system were elaborated, and the flowchart was designed. Aiming at the weaknesses of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm which is short for non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II in the facet of local search and computational efficiency, Pareto-dominated simulated annealing algorithm was applied in search global solution. Finally, by simulation examples and industrial application, the robustness and outperformance of the improved algorithm were verified.

Topic: Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE BRAKE DRUM EFFECT AND THE INFLUENCE OF FIXATION METHOD ON CONTACT STRESSES AROUND THE ACETABULAR COMPONENT OF TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTIES

We hypothesise that the stiffness of the acetabular component influences the stresses transmitted to bone. Thus stress shielding or stress overload of the underlying host bone may be influenced by the choice of fixation method. In addition, we believe that the so called “brake drum effect” plays a significant role in the development of rim stresses and subsequent failure of fixation. We have constructed a jig which allows the direct comparison, under controlled conditions, of contact stresses measured behind the acetabular component of polyethylene controls, uncemented metal backe cups and cemented all polyethylene cups, under physiological load. The design of the jig also allows measurement of stresses transmitted to the acetabular rim of the same three prostheses in order to confirm the presence and magnitude of the brake drum effect. The contact stresses are measured by miniature pressure transducers which are inserted through specially drilled holes in the shell of the jig so that the transducer is flush with the prosthesis under test. A total of 6 transducers are arranged in concentric circles radiating away from the prosthetic dome, so that contact stresses may be directly measured in various parts of the acetabular bed under conditions that reproduce as closely as possible the situation in a total hip prosthesis in vivo . Thus our method can be compared to other laboratory and theorectical techniques for investigation into stress transmission around acetabular components. The transducers were callibrated prior to each test to ensure parity of test results. The transducers were prestressed to ensure contact prior to each test. 6 polyethylene uncemented liners were tested alone in the jig to act as a control. In the same fashion, the same 6 polyethylene components were tested firstly in an uncemented, metal back acetabular component, and then as a cemented, all polyethylene component. The results indicate that significantly less stress is transmitted to bone when metal back components are used as compared to cemented components and controls. The data confirms that the brake drum effect occurs in both cemented and uncemented prostheses, leading to at least the absence of compressive forces at the prosthetic rim and in some circumstances tensile forces.

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Delayed identification of Bardet-Biedl syndrome

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a central obesity syndrome with a hereditary link affecting non-motile cilia that can be diagnosed clinically. Central obesity and polydactyly are important phenotypic features of this syndrome. Most cases are identified in early childhood. The report discusses the retrospective diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in a heart failure patient. On examination, the patient revealed central obesity, polydactyly, retinitis pigmentosa and an atrial septal defect. The involvement of multiple systems with phenotypic traits resulted in a syndromic association. The woman was treated conservatively for her symptoms with diuretics. Past hospital visits by the patient overlooked the diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. This syndrome is diagnosed using the criteria established by Beales and colleagues. Although specific management strategies for treating the syndrome have yet to be proposed, diagnosis aids in genetic counselling for affected couples, metabolic syndrome management, blindness rehabilitation and early detection of organ damage, allowing for adequate follow-up.

Topic: Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences