jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure‐H gas hydrates in petroleum reservoir fluids

Abstract An integrated experimental/modelling investigation was conducted on the potential of newly discovered strueture‐H (sH) hydrates formation in petroleum reservoir fluids. A thermodynamic model was validated against a series of experimental data on a natural gas with various quantities of methylcyclohexane (MCH). Three mixtures were tested where structure‐II (sII), sII/sH and sH were the stable structures. The validated thermodynamic model was employed to predict the stable hydrate structure for a large number of real reservoir fluids, (i.e., black oils, volatile oils and gas condensates). The results showed that sII is the stable hydrate structure for all systems investigated in this work. However, sH might co‐exist with sII in some reservoir fluids where transportation of hydrates as slurry is being considered.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On perfection of Procedure for Publicizing Notice for Assertion of Claims in

The author hold that the present Procedure for Publicizing Notice for Assertion of Claims have a great many defects and it may be perfected from the aspects such as the range of cases to which the procedure applies, parties who can make a claim, relief measures when the claim is rejected and institution of an action of withdrawing the judgment that has been entered.

Topic: Dispute Resolution and Class Actions
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Shifts in geographic vulnerability of US corn crops under different climate change scenarios: corn flea beetle (<i>Chaetocnema pulicaria</i>) and Stewart’s Wilt (<i>Pantoea stewartii</i>) bacterium

Abstract Changing climate patterns will likely affect insect pressure on many agricultural crops. Mild winters may decrease the number of insects that experience reduced fecundity or that are killed during hard freezes. This may result in larger populations in subsequent years and allow for range expansion. Direct effects from pests are compounded by indirect effects, such as crop damage resulting from insect-vectored diseases. Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria) infestations have both direct and indirect effects on crops. This beetle is a pest on all types of corn in the United States, including sweet corn and grain corn (sometimes referred to as dent corn). It is responsible for damage to plant foliage and also serves as the primary overwintering vector for Pantoea stewartii bacterium, which causes Stewart’s Wilt, a disease that can severely impact the health and productivity of corn. Evidence suggests that warmer winters will contribute to a geographic range expansion for the corn flea beetle. Here we show the projected northward expansion of economically damaging crop losses caused by Stewart’s Wilt: (A) from 1980 to 2011, (B) projected by mid-century, and (C) projected by end-century. Our work suggests that climate change and associated increasing winter temperatures in the United States will lead to a dramatic increase in the probability of severe damage from corn flea beetle across the United States, including the Corn Belt. Predicted increases in pest and disease pressure will have negative ramifications for corn production and are likely to exacerbate issues associated with specific management tactics, such as pesticide application.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma membrane on sensitivity of plasma membrane ATPase of a self-flocculating yeast to in vivo ethanol activation and its relationship to ethanol tolerance.

Although alterations in fatty acid composition of phospholipids in plasma membranes had no effect on activities of plasma membrane ATPases of a self-flocculating fusant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in the absence of ethanol (basal enzymes), they significantly affected the susceptibilities of the enzymes to in vivo activation induced by ethanol: the maximal values for the activated enzymes in cells pregrown with 0.6 mmol/L palmitic, linoleic or linolenic acid respectively were 3.6, 1.5 and 1.2-fold higher than their respective basal levels (in cells grown without ethanol), whereas the corresponding value for cells pregrown in the absence of fatty acid was 2.3-fold, with the concentrations of ethanol for the above maximal in vivo activation of enzymes being 7%, 6%, 6% and 7% (V/V) respectively. The Km values for ATP, the pH profiles, and the sensitivities to orthovanadate of the basal and the activated plasma membrane ATPases were essentially identical; however, the v(max) values of activated enzymes increased significantly. It was found that the characteristics of phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma membrane leading to the enhanced ethanol tolerance of this strain, were also efficacious to increase the percentage of activation of plasma membrane ATPase per unit of ethanol. These data support a close correlation between the ethanol tolerance of this strain and the sensitivity of its plasma membrane ATPase to the in vivo ethanol-induced activation.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
#3101 LOW CIRCULATING LEVELS OF CARDIO-REGULATORY MIRNAS PREDICT WORSE OUTCOMES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with end stage renal disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) have a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, this being mostly related to the presence of uraemic cardiomyopathy. A deregulation in the expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs: non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression) has previously been implied in pathological cardiac remodelling. Nevertheless, scarce evidence has accrued so far on a possible significance in CV morbidity and mortality in HD patients, in relationship with the presence of uremic cardiomyopathy. Method We run a pilot, prospective, multicentre cohort study involving 74 ESKD patients undergoing chronic HD from 3 different hospitals in Italy and Greece. HD patients underwent a thorough clinical, laboratory and echocardiography assessment and were then prospectively followed for 24 months or until the occurrence of a composite endpoint of (CV and all-cause) mortality or non-fatal CV events. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified a small panel of miRNAs (30a-5p, 23a-3p,451a and let7d-5p), which levels are known to be altered in either major CV disorders and kidney failure. miRNAs were then measured in the blood of HD patients and in a small group of matched healthy controls. Results miRNAs 23a-3p (p&amp;lt;0.0001), 451a (p = 0.001), 30a-5p (p = 0.003) and let7d-5p (p &amp;lt;0.0001) were all reduced in HD patients as compared with controls. Significant correlations were found between miRNAs and indexes of cardiac dysfunction such as Vmax, TAPSE and E/E’, as well as with some other laboratory parameters such as uric acid, sodium, potassium, HDL and CRP. During follow-up, 30/74 patients (40.5%) reached the composite endpoint. In these individuals, all miRNAs but let7d-5p were significantly reduced at baseline (p&amp;lt;0.0001). As showed by multivariate Cox-regression analyses, miRNAs 23a-3p, 451a, 30a-5p were all predictors of the composite endpoint (HR ranging from 0.943 to 0.995; p = 0.05 to 0.02) and Kaplan-Meier analyses confirmed a faster progression to the endpoint in subjects with miRNAs levels below an optimal ROC-derived cut-off value (p ranging from 0.001 to &amp;lt;0.0001; crude HRs 7.95 to 8.61; Figure 1). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the evaluation of a very small panel of circulating miRNAs (30-5p, 23a–3p and 451a) may impart important prognostic information in chronic HD patients with respect to mortality and CV risk. Although the biological meaning of their deregulation remains unanswered, these preliminary findings may set the stage for larger investigation to generalize their usefulness as biomarkers, as well as possible therapeutic targets.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
“Wound Healing Potential of Strobilanthes alternata Root Extract in Excision and Thermal Injury Models in Albino Swiss Mice”

Herbal remedies offer safe and multi-targeted approaches to wound healing. This study examined the wound-healing potential of Strobilanthes alternata root ethanolic extract in excision and thermal wound models using albino Swiss mice. The extract showed dose-dependent wound contraction, faster epithelialization, increased SOD activity, and reduced IL-6 and IL-1β levels. Histology confirmed better tissue repair and reduced inflammation, supporting the traditional use of S. alternata as a safe and effective natural wound-healing agent.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 968176: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cholesterol-lowering Effect of Soy Nuts and Tempeh on Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

Exploration towards food with cholesterol-lowering property would be beneficial to reduce the incidents of cardiovascular caused by increasing number of people with hypercholesterolaemia. As much as 42 participants with total cholesterol (TC) levels ≥4.92 mmol/L were studied in a three-arms parallel intervention trial. As much as 72g soy nuts and 66g tempeh were consumed daily (25g soy protein/day) for six weeks, while control group was not given any sample. TC level and body composition were measured before and after the treatment for all groups. In soy nuts group, lower TC level was observed (-0.85±0.82 mmol/L, p&lt;0.05) compared to the control group. Meanwhile in tempeh group, non-significant lower TC level was also observed (-0.40±1.19 mmol/L). Differences in body composition parameters were also measured and resulted in significant lower body weight, fat, and visceral fat in soy nuts group (p&lt;0.05) while in tempeh group, only body weight and waist circumference were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). This study suggested that daily consumption of soy nuts and tempeh containing 25g soy protein for six weeks showed a tendency to lower TC levels in hypercholesterolaemic-Indonesian participants. A more significant effect might be observed in subject with higher TC levels; and thus, further study is encouraged.

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Plasmons in core-level photoemission spectra of Al(111)

The line shape and intensity of surface and bulk plasmon excitations in Al $2s$ and $2p$ core-level spectra of Al(111) have been studied as functions of the photoelectron emission angle (\ensuremath{\theta}). For both surface and bulk plasmons, an asymmetric line shape is observed in normal emission, which becomes more symmetric in grazing emission. The asymmetric line shape is in good agreement with theory. The relative contributions of the intrinsic, extrinsic, and interference processes to the surface plasmon intensity are determined from its variation with \ensuremath{\theta} and from theoretical line-shape calculations. We show the importance of the interference process in determining the intensity and line shape of the plasmons. From the intensity variation of multiple $(n=1--6)$ bulk plasmons $(n{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p})$ with n, the intrinsic and extrinsic bulk plasmon probabilities are determined.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Astrocytes modulate the respiratory network of the lamprey

AIMS: To investigate astrocyte and ATP functions within the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG), the proposed respiratory central pattern generator of the lamprey.&#13;\nMETHODS: Experiments were performed on isolated brainstems of adult lampreys. The vagal motor output was used to monitor respiratory activity. Bath application and microinjections (30-50 nl) of several drugs were employed. Immunohistochemical labelling of pTRG astrocytes was performed. RESULTS: Bath application of the gliotoxin aminoadipic acid (AAA; 1 mM) caused increases in frequency and amplitude of vagal bursts and followed by progressive decreases in both variables. Bilateral microinjections of 1 mM ATP-γ-S into the pTRG caused marked increases in respiratory frequency. These responses were abolished during AAA application, thus indicating that pTRG astrocytes have a crucial respiratory role. Bath application of 5 mM glutamine (Gln) caused a rapid recovery of baseline respiration, thus suggesting that the astrocyte glutamate–glutamine cycle is crucial for the maintenance of the respiratory rhythmic activity. In addition, we ascertained whether ATP and astrocytes contribute to increases in respiratory activity due to reduction in pH of the perfusing solution from 7.4 to 7.0 at costant PC02. These increases were still present after bath application of PPADS, a P2R antagonist, but completely abolished after AAA application. However, application of Gln in the presence of AAA restored the low pH-induced responses.&#13;\nCONCLUSIONS: The results show that astrocytes are involved in respiratory modulation as well as in ATP- and acidification-induced increases of respiratory activity. The role of astrocytes in rhythmic networks appears to be conserved throughout evolution.

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law

In this book Barry de Vries addresses the issue of autonomous weapons in international criminal law. The development of autonomous weapon systems is progressing. While the technology advances, attempts to regulate these weapons are not keeping pace. It is therefore likely that these weapons will be developed before a new legal framework is established. Many legal questions still remain and one of the most important ones among them is how individual responsibility will be approached. Barry de Vries therefore considers this issue from a doctrinal international criminal law perspective to determine how the current international criminal law framework will address this topic.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New Data on Charitable Giving in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

There is considerable interest in the economics of charitable giving (see Clotfelter 1997&#13;\nand Vesterlund 2003 for reviews), but household surveys containing giving data are rare. This has restricted empirical research. For instance, most empirical research about tax effects on giving use itemized charitable deductions from income tax data, and therefore results are restricted to tax effects on aggregate giving. A household survey can collect data permitting research about tax effects on giving to disaggregated purposes./

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Towards a <i>Drosophila</i> model of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome

The laminopathy Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by the mutant lamin A protein progerin and leads to premature aging of affected children. Despite numerous cell biological and biochemical insights into the basis for the cellular abnormalities seen in HGPS, the mechanism linking progerin to the organismal phenotype is not fully understood. To begin to address the mechanism behind HGPS using Drosophila melanogaster, we have ectopically expressed progerin and lamin A. We found that ectopic progerin and lamin A phenocopy several effects of laminopathies in developing and adult Drosophila, but that progerin causes a stronger phenotype than wild-type lamin A.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Video-Based Coaching Requires a Culture of Psychological Safety

Hu, Yue-Yung MD; Kreutzer, Lindsey MPH; Bilimoria, Karl Y. MD, MS; Stulberg, Jonah J. MD, PhD, MPH; Johnson, Julie K. MSPH, PHD Author Information

Topic: Psychiatric care and mental health services
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of face mask in COVID-19 pandemic-a review

The current novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract and rapidly spreading all over the world in short span of time. In current COVID-19 pandemic, use of the face mask is becoming usual and ubiquitous for both health care workers and public individuals. Wearing face mask is one of the non-pharmaceutical interventions which need minimum cost and provide dramatic response for preventing the COVID-19 infection. Limited availability of the vaccine and inadequate supply of therapeutic options, face mask use is an important part for public health measures for restricting the COVID-19 spread. Regardless of the debate among medical community regarding global face mask production shortage, a greater number of countries in the world are moving ahead with recommendations or mandates for using face mask in public. As currently global shortage of N95/FFP2 respirators and surgical masks for use by health care workers in the hospitals, simple cloth masks will act as a pragmatic solution for the use of the public. General public often use the surgical mask or even filtering facepiece (FFP) masks irrespective of their need, resulting unnecessary shortage for needy individuals those are exposed to the patients or those are health care workers. So, this review article will clarify the indication of the different types of masks and their rational use in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Topic: Infection Control and Ventilation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<scp>IFN</scp>‐γ and androgens disrupt mitochondrial function in murine myocytes

Abstract The effect of cytokines on non‐traditional immunological targets under conditions of chronic inflammation is an ongoing subject of study. Fatigue is a symptom often associated with autoimmune diseases. Chronic inflammatory response and activated cell‐mediated immunity are associated with cardiovascular myopathies which can be driven by muscle weakness and fatigue. Thus, we hypothesize that immune dysfunction‐driven changes in myocyte mitochondria may play a critical role in fatigue‐related pathogenesis. We show that persistent low‐level expression of IFN‐γ in designated IFN‐γ AU‐Rich Element deletion mice (ARE mice) under androgen exposure resulted in mitochondrial and metabolic deficiencies in myocytes from male or castrated ARE mice. Most notably, echocardiography unveiled that low ejection fraction in the left ventricle post‐stress correlated with mitochondrial deficiencies, explaining how heart function decreases under stress. We report that inefficiencies and structural changes in mitochondria, with changes to expression of mitochondrial genes, are linked to male‐biased fatigue and acute cardiomyopathy under stress. Our work highlights how male androgen hormone backgrounds and active autoimmunity reduce mitochondrial function and the ability to cope with stress and how pharmacological blockade of stress signal protects heart function. These studies provide new insight into the diverse actions of IFN‐γ in fatigue, energy metabolism, and autoimmunity. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Data Stream Mining for Big Data

Today's era is one where data is present in abundance. The massive use of technologies has given rise to what is called big data. For example, Facebook alone generates 4 PBs of data per day. The data is usually characterized by its nature, such as high volume, velocity, and variety. Mining such data for knowledge discovery means that decision making is a challenging task. In this chapter, the author focuses on streaming data which has a particular characterization. For example, data is so huge that it cannot be stored in main memory; it is also transient and fast-moving. However, the goal is to process such data in a machine that has low processing power, no access to Graphical Processing Units, or has hundreds of GBs of main memory. Streaming data exhibits non-stationary behavior (also known as concept drift in the data mining community). Besides, only one pass (sometimes two or three passes) over data is allowed. All of these issues thwart the use of traditional machine-learning algorithms for various tasks such as classification, clustering, and frequent pattern mining. In this chapter, the author presents efficient algorithms for handling streaming data.

Topic: Data Stream Mining Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Connecting the probability distributions of different operators and generalization of the Chernoff–Hoeffding inequality

This work is devoted to explore fundamental aspects of the spectral properties of few-body general operators. We first consider the following question: when we know the probability distributions of a set of observables, what can we way on the probability distribution of the summation of them? In considering arbitrary operators, we could not obtain a useful information over third order moment, while under the assumption of the few-body operators, we can rigorously prove a much stronger bound on the moment generating function for arbitrary quantum states. Second, by the use of this bound, we generalize the Chernoff inequality (or the Hoeffding inequality), which characterizes the asymptotic decay of the probability distribution for the product states by the Gaussian decay. In the present form, the Chernoff inequality can be applied to a summation of independent local observables (e.g., single-site operators). We extend the range of application of the Chernoff inequality to the generic few-body observables.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences