jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of nitrite in blood by gas chromatography

血液中の亜硝酸塩の簡便で,精度の良好な定量法について検討した.それは亜硝酸とヒドララジンを酸性下で60℃, 5分間反応させることによりテトラゾロフタラジンを生成させ,トルエンで抽出後, 3%OV-225カラムを使用し,電子捕獲型検出器付きガスクロマトグラフィー(ECD-GC)により測定した.この結果,亜硝酸性窒素として(0.15～3.0)ng/mlで直線性を有し,ヒトプラズマを用いた添加回収実験の平均は,亜硝酸性窒素量0.05μg, 0.1μg及び0.5μg添加でそれぞれ91.0%, 96.8%及び96.5%で変動係数はいずれも5%以内であった.本法の検出限界は0.3ppbである.血液中の妨害物はアルミナカラムの使用で除去され,又,テトラゾロフタラジン生成にFe2+,S2-及びSO32-などのイオンの外は影響されない。本法は血液中亜硝酸の定量に十分応用できる.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New species, new records, and a checklist of Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from Brazil

The genus Coenogonium, the only genus in the family Coenogoniaceae, is mostly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Approximately 100 species of Coenogonium are known worldwide, and about 52 species have been previously recorded from Brazil. Here, we describe four species as new to science from the Atlantic Forest in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Sergipe, and present a few new state records. The new species are C. carassense, C. itabaianense, C. pilosum, and C. subtomentosum. An annotated checklist of the species of Coenogonium from Brazil is also included.

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>FTO</i> Obesity Variant–Exercise Interaction on Changes in Body Weight and BMI: The Taiwan Biobank Study

Abstract Context Gene–exercise interaction on cross-sectional body mass index (BMI) has been extensively studied and is well established. However, gene–exercise interaction on changes in body weight/BMI remains controversial. Objective To examine the interaction between the FTO obesity variant and regular exercise on changes in body weight/BMI. Participants Taiwan Biobank participants aged 30-70 years (N = 20 906) were examined at both baseline and follow-up visit (mean follow-up duration: 3.7 years). Main Outcome Measures The interaction between the FTO obesity variant rs1421085 and regular exercise habit (no exercise, ≤20 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs)/week exercise, &amp;gt;20 METs/week exercise) on changes in body weight/BMI. Results Individuals with the risk allele of rs1421085 gained more weight and increased BMI than those without the risk allele if they did not exercise. In contrast, individuals with the risk allele gained less weight and BMI if they exercised regularly, indicating an interaction between rs1421085 and regular exercise habit (P = .030 for Δbody weight and P = .034 for ΔBMI). The effect of exercise on maintaining body weight was larger in those with the risk allele of rs1421085. When we focused on individuals without regular exercise at baseline, individuals with the risk allele again tended to lose more weight than those with a nonrisk allele if they had acquired an exercise habit by the follow-up visit. Conclusion The beneficial effect of exercise is greater in individuals genetically prone to obesity due to the interaction between the FTO obesity variant rs1421085 and regular exercise on changes in body weight and BMI.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Elements of Public Sector Economics

EPSE This is the first edition of the Public finance book authored by Sunde T. and Charumbira M. This book aims at providing Elements of Public Sector Economics at a level appropriate to undergraduate students. It contains ten chapters, with the thrust of blending theory and practice. Most widely used examples in the text are drawn from developing countries, especially Southern African countries. The graphical, algebraic and descriptive approaches are appropriately invoked to give a perfect balance of presentation.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Plant disease management in organic farming systems

Abstract Organic farming ( OF ) has significantly increased in importance in recent decades. Disease management in OF is largely based on the maintenance of biological diversity and soil health by balanced crop rotations, including nitrogen‐fixing and cover crops, intercrops, additions of manure and compost and reductions in soil tillage. Most soil‐borne diseases are naturally suppressed, while foliar diseases can sometimes be problematic. Only when a severe disease outbreak is expected are pesticides used that are approved for OF . A detailed overview is given of cultural and biological control measures. Attention is also given to regulated pesticides. We conclude that a systems approach to disease management is required, and that interdisciplinary research is needed to solve lingering disease problems, especially for OF in the tropics. Some of the organic regulations are in need of revision in close collaboration with various stakeholders. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Misconception Analysis of Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) Numeration of High School Students from Field Dependent Cognitive Style

The purpose of this study was to describe the extent of misunderstandings experienced by high school students while tackling Minimum Numerical Ability (AKM) questions modeled on the basis of domain-dependent cognitive styles. The number of students used as subjects in the study was her XI-IPS students in class three (3). The study was conducted at Tawangsari, Tulungagung District, Kedungwal, MA Darul Hikma, Tulungagung District, Jl KH Abu Mansur I. The study was conducted in even-numbered terms of the academic year 2021-2022. A targeted sampling method with the GEFT test (Group Embedded Figure Test) is used to determine research topics and classify students as having subject-dependent cognitive styles or not (subject-dependent). The results showed that students were categorized based on their AKM numbering test response results of low, medium, and high misconceptions. The number of questions is 3 questions. The first item is used to make sure that the indicator cannot repeat the concept. The second item is used to determine that the indicator fails to formulate the concept correctly in various mathematical representations. The index cannot determine the formula that answers the question. Indicators cannot apply formulas or algorithms to solve problems. The third item is used to see indicators of inability to use formulas or problem-solving algorithms. The results obtained show that subject-specific style students with low misunderstandings score higher from responses to AKM numbering questions than students with moderate and high misunderstandings.

Topic: Educational Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Activity of Extracts and Alkaloids of Thai<i>Alstonia</i>Species Against Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Methanol extracts of root barks of Alstonia macrophylla, A. glaucescens, and A. scholaris, collected from Thailand, have been assessed for cytotoxic activity against two human lung cancer cell lines, MOR-P (adenocarcinoma) and COR-L23 (large cell carcinoma), using the SRB assay. Significant cytotoxic activity was exhibited by the extract of A. macrophylla on both cell lines. Activity-directed fractionation led to the isolation of a novel indole alkaloid, O-methylmacralstonine, from the most active fraction of A. macrophylla along with four known alkaloids, talcarpine, villalstonine, pleiocarpamine, and macralstonine. Structure elucidation of the novel alkaloid was based on spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR. The bisindole villalstonine was found to possess pronounced activity on both cell lines with an IC50 value less than 5 muM, but was about 10(3) times less potent than vinblastine sulphate. The monomeric alkaloid, talcarpine, was found to be inactive. Pleiocarpamine, O-methylmacralstonine and macralstonine were all considerably less active than villalstonine.

Topic: Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
A Multichannel Miniaturized Dielectric Blood Coagulometer for Point-of-Care Assessment of Hemostasis

This paper presents a standalone, multichannel, miniaturized impedance analyzer (MIA) for dielectric coagulometry measurements on human whole blood in a microfluidic sensor. The system incorporates a front-end interface board for 4-channel impedance measurements at an excitation frequency of 1 MHz, an integrated resistive heater formed by a printed-circuit board (PCB) trace to keep the blood sample at a physiologic temperature of 37°C, an ADALM2000 software-defined instrument module for signal generation and data acquisition, and a Raspberry Pi-based embedded computer with 7-inch touchscreen display for signal processing and user interface. When measuring fixed test impedances, the 4-channel MIA exhibits an excellent agreement to a commercial Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer with rms errors of <0.3% over a capacitance range of 47–330 pF and <0.5% over a conductance range of 2.13–10 mS. Dielectric coagulometry measurements on human whole blood also show a very good agreement between the MIA and the Agilent impedance analyzer.

Topic: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Approach to the Optimization of Ba-Mn-Cu Perovskites as Catalysts for CO Oxidation: The Role of Cerium

Two copper-containing perovskites Ba0.8Mn0.7Cu0.3O3 and Cu(4 wt%)/Ba0.7MnO3 (selected from previous studies) were tested as catalysts for the CO oxidation reaction under conditions similar to the found in the exhaust of last-generation automotive internal combustion engines. The Cu(4 wt%)/Ba0.7MnO3 sample has been selected due to its higher tolerance to CO2. In order to optimize the performance of this sample for the reaction under study, a Cu(2 wt%)Ce(2 wt%)/Ba0.7MnO3 formulation was synthesized, characterized and tested. The excellent catalytic performance of the bimetallic formulation, in terms of CO conversion at low temperatures and tolerance to CO2, is because cerium improves the redox properties and increases the proportion of reduced copper species on the surface compared to the Cu(4 wt%)/Ba0.7MnO3 sample.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Rise of the Far Right in Debtor and Creditor European Countries: The Case of European Parliament Elections

Abstract While the 2014 European Parliament elections were marked by the rise of parties on the far right‐wing, the different patterns of support that we observe across Europe and across time are not directly related to the economic crisis. Indeed, economic hardship seems neither sufficient nor necessary for the rise of such parties to occur. Using the cross‐national results for the 2004, 2009 and 2014 EP elections in order to capture time and country variations, we posit that the economy affects the rise of far right‐wing parties in more complex ways. Specifically, we compare the experience of high‐debt countries (the ‘debtors’) and the others (the ‘creditors’) and explore the relationship between far right‐wing party success on the one hand, and unemployment, inequality, immigration, globalisation and the welfare state on the other. Our discussion suggests there might be a trade‐off between budgetary stability and far right‐wing party support, but the choice between Charybdis and Scylla may be avoided if policy‐makers carefully choose which policies should bear the brunt of the fiscal adjustment.

Topic: Populism, Right-Wing Movements
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Life history variation and demography of the invasive plant Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae), in two altitudinal extremes, Central Chile Variación de historias de vida y demografía de la planta invasora Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae) en dos extremos altitudinales, Chile central

In this study, we compared demographic responses of Eschscholzia californica populations located at different altitude, under the basic assumption that altitudinal gradients impose environmental limitation to the spread at the upper edge of the gradient. We detected significant differences among populations either in terms of life history attributes and the finite rate of increase. In general, coastal population expressed higher finite population rates than mountain populations, although these differences were not statistically significant. Mountain populations (Corral Quemado and Farellones) expressed a finite population rate not significant different of 1. These result suggest that at the upper front of invasion the species is in a demographic equilibrium because in spite of we detected a higher plant fecundity, there exist ecological constraints a seed stage level. We proposed to address more specific studies assessing from one hand, seed movement from lower altitudes and the efficiency of domestic cattle as biotic vector; we also propose to examine the feasibility of this species to establish positive interactions with cushion plants, and therefore to expand its geographic range due to this facilitation effect.<br>En este estudio comparamos las respuestas demográficas de las poblaciones de Eschscholzia californica ubicadas a diferentes altitudes, bajo el supuesto básico de que los gradientes altitudinales imponen limitaciones a la invasión. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones, ya sea en términos de atributos de la historia de vida y tasa finita de crecimiento. En general, las poblaciones costeras expresaron mayores tasas de crecimiento que las poblaciones de montaña, aun cuando éstas no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Las poblaciones de montaña (Corral Quemado y Farellones) fueron las únicas que mostraron una tasa de crecimiento similar a 1. Estos resultados sugieren que las poblaciones ubicadas en el frente superior de invasión estarían en un equilibrio demográfico debido a que aun cuando se detectó una elevada fecundidad, existen restricciones ecológicas a nivel de las semillas. Proponemos hacer estudios más específicos para evaluar un posible movimiento de semillas desde altitudes más bajas y la eficiencia del ganado doméstico como vector transportador de estas semillas; proponemos también examinar la posibilidad que tiene esta planta de establecer interacciones positivas con las plantas en cojín, ubicadas a mayores alturas y, por lo tanto, ampliar su rango altitudinal debido a este efecto de facilitación.

Topic: Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Rifaximin application in the overgrowth bacterial syndrome in the small intestine in patients after cholecystectomy].

Rifaximin at a dose of 1200 mg/day compared with a dose of 800 mg/day in patients with PHES associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, had a more pronounced clinical effect, as evidenced by positive dynamics in the form of relief of clinical symptoms and normalization of the hydrogen breath test.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Towards metal detection and identification for humanitarian demining using magnetic polarizability tensor spectroscopy

This paper presents an inversion procedure to estimate the location and magnetic polarizability tensor of metal targets from broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. The solution of this inversion produces a spectral target signature, which may be used in identifying metal targets in landmines from harmless clutter. In this process, the response of the metal target is modelled with dipole moment and fitted to planar EMI data by solving a minimization least squares problem. A computer simulation platform has been developed using a modelled EMI sensor to produce synthetic data for inversion. The reconstructed tensor is compared with an assumed true solution estimated using a modelled tri-axial Helmholtz coil array. Using some test examples including a sphere which has a known analytical solution, results show the inversion routine produces accurate tensors to within 12% error of the true tensor. A good convergence rate is also demonstrated even when the target location is mis-estimated by a few centimeters. Having verified the inversion routine using finite element modelling, a swept frequency EMI experimental setup is used to compute tensors for a set of test samples representing examples of metallic landmine components and clutter for a broadband range of frequencies (kHz to tens of kHz). Results show the reconstructed spectral target signatures are very distinctive and hence potentially offer an efficient physical approach for landmine identification. The accuracy of the evaluated spectra is similarly verified using a uniform field forming sensor. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of β-Boryl-α,β-unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Bis(pinacolato)diboron with Vinyl Triflates

Cross-coupling reaction of bis(pinacolato)diboron with β-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was carried out in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2-2PPh3 (3 mol%) and KOPh in toluene or K2CO3 in dioxane for the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic β-boryl-α,β-unsaturated esters, amides, and ketones in high yields.

Topic: Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acute Poststreptococcal Polymyalgia With Trismus

Acute poststreptococcal polymyalgia is an infrequently described entity that may follow infection with group A streptococci.1 Hallmarks of this condition are diffuse pain and exquisite tenderness of skeletal muscles without concomitant arthritis or elevated plasma concentrations of muscle enzymes. We recently cared for two children in whom acute poststreptococcal polymyalgia was associated with trismus. It is important to recognize this condition and distinguish it from tetanus. CASE REPORTS Case 1 A 6-year-old black boy was previously healthy until five days prior to admission when fever, sore throat, back pain, and malaise developed. On the day of admission, generalized rigidity and difficulty swallowing occurred.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protein Nutrition and the Utilization of Dietary Protein at Different Levels of Intake by Growing Swine

Six Hampshire pigs, weighing initially from 21 to 27 kg., were carried through five nitrogen metabolism periods on three different levels of the same protein mixture (soybean meal), approximately 4, 10 and 16 percent, and on two low-nitrogen standardizing diets, in periods 1 and 5, for the purpose of measuring the biological value of the protein at different levels of intake. The pig is readily adaptable to a very low-nitrogen diet, gaining in body weight for many weeks with the development of only a slight degree of hypoproteinemia. The fecal nitrogen output of the growing pig is linearly related to the protein level of the diet fed (on the dry basis), over a range of practically zero to 16 percent. Under the conditions of this experiment, the metabolic fecal nitrogen (the intercept of the regression line on the ordinate) was 0.91 gm. per kg. of dry matter consumed. The regression of urinary nitrogen on truly absorbed nitrogen, both variates being expressed to Wkg.0.734 to permit pooling of the data for differences in body weight, is evidently rectilinear from 0 to 10 percent of protein, or somewhat higher.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from Biological Significance of Prolactin in Gynecologic Cancers

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;There is increasing evidence that prolactin (PRL), a hormone/cytokine, plays a role in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers via local production or accumulation. Elevated levels of serum PRL in ovarian and endometrial cancers have been reported, indicating a potential role for PRL in endometrial and ovarian carcinogenesis. In this study, we show that serum PRL levels are significantly elevated in women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer. We show dramatically increased expression of PRL receptor in ovarian and endometrial tumors as well as in endometrial hyperplasia, signifying the importance of PRL signaling in malignant and premalignant conditions. PRL mRNA was expressed in ovarian and endometrial tumors, indicating the presence of an autocrine loop. PRL potently induced proliferation in several ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Binding of PRL to its receptor was followed by rapid phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, CREB, ATF-2, and p53 and activation of 37 transcription factors in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma cells. PRL also activated Ras oncogene in these cells. When human immortalized normal ovarian epithelial cells were chronically exposed to PRL, a malignant transformation occurred manifested by the acquired ability of transformed cells to form clones, grow in soft agar, and form tumors in severe combined immunodeficient-beige mice. Transformation efficiency was diminished by a Ras inhibitor, providing proof that PRL-induced transformation uses the Ras pathway. In summary, we present findings that indicate an important role for PRL in ovarian and endometrial tumorigenesis. PRL may represent a risk factor for ovarian and endometrial cancers. [Cancer Res 2009;69(12):5226–33]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
NONULCER DYSPEPSIA; FREQUENCY IN YOUNG PATIENTS AND ITS RESPONSE TO HELICOBACTER PYLORI ERADICATION AND TRIAL OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

Objectives: To determine the frequency of nonulcer dyspepsia in patientspresenting with the peptic ulcer like symptoms and to determine the effect of H. pylori eradicationon dyspeptic symptoms and the effect of six weeks trial of proton pump inhibitor as treatmentmeasure. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Combined Military hospital Quetta,Department of medicine. Period: Six months from Oct, till March 2009. Subjects and Methods:Patients coming to medicine department with complaints of dyspepsia. Results: Total no ofpatients were 145 out of which male were 90 while 55 were females. The mean age was 29.68+ 4.53. These subjects were given H pylori eradication therapy and response was graded aspatients responded or no response. 89 subjects (61.4%) responded to H pylori eradicationtreatment while 56 subjects (38.6%) showed no symptomatic benefit. Non responder toeradication i.e., 37 males and 36 females were given further six week treatment with omeprazole,and subjective response to treatment was graded as complete resolution found in 31 patients (21.4% ), while partial resolution was present in 15 patients (10.3%). 07 patients (4.8%) showedno improvement while 03 patients (2.1%) showed worsening of symptoms. Conclusions: Theprevalence of non-ulcer dyspepsia is high among symptomatic individuals. The response toH pylori eradication was significant. Non responders also showed considerable symptomaticbenefit with PPI. Therefore, individuals with recurrent dyspeptic symptoms should be given trialof H. pylori eradication.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences