jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Optically Active Poly(amide-imide)s with Hydantoin and

Hydantoin and thiohydantoin derivatives 4(a-e) were synthesized from reactions ofbenzil and benzil derivatives 3(a-e) with urea and thiourea. 5,5-dimethylhydantoin4f was synthesized from the reactions of acetone cyanohydrin 3f and ammonium carbonate. Benzil and benzil derivatives 3(a-e) were obtained from oxidation of benzoin and benzoin derivatives 2(a-e) with concentrated nitric acid. Benzoin and benzoin derivatives were obtained from benzoin condensation of benzaldehyde and benzaldehyde derivatives. Hydantoin and thiohydantoin derivatives 4(a-e) were characterized by melting points, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The polycondensation reactions of 4,4-carbonyl-bis(phthaloyl-L-alanine) diacid chloride 5 with six different derivatives of hydantoin and thiohydantoin compounds 4(a-f) were carried out in DMAc solution in the presence of pyridine. The resulting poly(amide-imide)s, PAIs, 6(a-f) with inherent viscosities about 0.15-0.38 dL/g were obtained in high yield and were optically active and thermally stable. All of the above compounds were fully characterized by means of FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, inherent viscosity (ηinh), solubility test and specific rotation. Thermal properties of the PAIs 6(a-f) were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of Hemostatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Vascular Dementia (P5.175)

Objective
To study the role of hemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia
Background
A reliable plasma biomarker in differentiating between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VaD) is the need of the hour, in most memory clinics. We assessed the hypothesis that plasma inflammatory [Interleukin 6 (IL 6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP)] and hemostatic (Fibrinogen and D dimer) biomarkers can aid in differentiating between AD and VaD.
Methods
Neuropsychological assessment, MRI brain, FDG-PET brain and CSF biomarkers of AD (Aβ42 and total tau) were used for establishing the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), AD or VaD. ELISA analyses for IL6, Fibrinogen, D dimer and CRP were performed according to the manufacturers’ protocols.
Results
During the study period (January 2013-April 2014), 68 diagnosed patients of AD/MCI/VaD were included. FDG PET brain, plasma fibrinogen, D dimer, IL6 and CRP were done in all 68 patients while 48 patients underwent CSF biomarker analysis. Sixteen patients had MCI, of which 11 were MCI-AD and 5 were MCI-VaSC. There were 41 patients with AD (Mild AD- 9, Mod AD -23, Severe AD- 9) and 11 patients with VaD. The Alzheimer group (MCI-AD and AD) and Vascular group (MCI VaSC & VaD) consisted of 52 and 16 patients respectively. Alzheimer and Vascular groups did not exhibit significant difference in IL6 and CRP levels. Plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in VaD and vascular group as compared to Alzheimer group. But MCI-VaSC was not significantly different from MCI-AD. Plasma D dimer levels were significantly higher in all vascular subgroups compared to Alzheimer subgroups except between MCI-VaSC and MCI-AD.
Conclusion
In conclusion, hemostatic biomarkers (Plasma Fibrinogen and D dimer) succeed, whereas inflammatory biomarkers (IL6 and CRP) fail in differentiating VaD from AD. Disclosure: Dr. Vishnu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Modi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mohanty has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhakar has nothing to disclose.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Iodination of Benzylanilines with Potassium Dichloroiodate

Iodinated organic compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as electrophilic agents for cross-coupling reactions that result in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation. In this context we are interested in the preparation of ortho-iodoaniline derivatives and we have previously made use of an aqueous solution of potassium dichloroiodate (KICl2) for the iodination of some (hetero-) aromatic systems.The iodination of activated aromatic compounds (such as anilines) readily leads to a mixture of mono-, di- or even tri- iodo products. For example the reaction of p-toluidine with 1.1 equivalents of KICl2 resulted in the obtention of 20% substrate, 60% mono-iodo- and 20% diiodo- p-toluidine. The poor selectivity and a literature precedent for mono-iodination of N-alkylanilines prompted us to investigate the iodination of N-benzylanilines.

Topic: Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quality of Working Life of Remote Employees: Methodological Approaches and First Assessments for the EU and Russia

The article reviews the theoretical and methodological provisions in the field of the quality of working life, summarizes the experience of foreign and Russian research in this area. Analyzed modern initiatives, approaches and proposals of international organizations. A system of indicators (characteristics) is proposed to describe the components of quality of working life of remote workers, it is concluded that these largely depend on personal circumstances (family situation, the presence of children, the ability to work at home and equipment of the workplace), which means that the characteristics of quality of working life can be supplemented with personal indicators that affect to the general level of quality of working life. Based on survey data in Europe and Russia, the risks of a decrease in the quality of working life of remote employees are shown, due to the blurring of the boundaries between work and personal life. Measures are proposed to organize the work of remote teams (primarily at the company level and in the development of the new legislation on remote work adopted in Russia) aimed at increasing the quality of working life of remote employees and reducing costs and profit growth for the employer. The problem areas are identified that require further research in terms of the development of the concept of the quality of working life.

Topic: Human Resources and Workforce
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Emergency laparotomy with synchronous Caesarean section for life-threatening strangulated Petersen's hernia

Introduction Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its co-morbidities. Women are advised against becoming pregnant in the first 12-18 months after surgery due to the potential nutritional compromise induced by weight loss. An increasingly recognised complication following bariatric surgery are Petersen-type internal hernias. We present a case of life-threatening Petersen’s hernia at 31 weeks of pregnancy in a patient who had previously undergone laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Case description A 31-week pregnant 28-year-old (G2P1) presented as an emergency with abdominal pain, vomiting and absolute constipation. Two years previously she had undergone a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and had lost 31kg. She was tachycardic, tachypnoeic and pyrexial. Blood tests performed showed a raised white cell count 14.4x109/L, haemoglobin 114g/L, C-reactive protein 36mg/L, urea 4.1mmol/L, creatinine 64μmol/L and lactate 1.94mmol/L. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed free fluid in the abdomen and confirmed a viable intra-uterine foetus. A targeted abdominal computer tomographic (CT) scan showed a closed loop obstruction of the jejunum and proximal ileum around the Roux-en-Y reconstruction, most likely an internal hernia of Petersen. The herniated small bowel was non-enhancing, distended and fluid-filled, therefore thought to be non-viable radiologically. Results and Conclusions The patient underwent emergency Caesarean section followed by laparotomy, small bowel resection and formation of laparotomy. She was returned to theatre 24 hours later for a second-look laparotomy. The intra-operative findings demonstrated healthy common channel measuring 270cm, bilio-pancreatic limb measuring 80cm and a long narrow gastric pouch and a small alimentary limb remnant. The gastric bypass was reversed by excising the remnant alimentary limb and fashioning gastro-gastrostomy and anastomosing the bilio-pancreatic limb to the common channel. The patient made an uneventful recovery. Clinicians involved in the management of patients with previous gastric bypass should be aware of the potential complications. We suggest that obstetric care of post-operative bariatric patients requires early liaison with the bariatric surgical team. Take home message Obstetric care of post-operative bariatric patients requires early liaison with the bariatric team. Clinical presentations of Petersen’s hernia are non-specific and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of this diagnosis when assessing patients with previous surgery involving Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

Topic: Hernia repair and management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Perception Study of an Integrated Water System Project in a Water Scarce Community in the Philippines

The Integrated Water System (IWS) offers alternative water and sanitation services that can potentially benefit rural communities experiencing water scarcity. The IWS described in this study comprises three systems: The Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS), Water Treatment System (WTS), and Eco-Toilet System (ETS). RWHS and WTS make use of rainwater, which can be utilized for several domestic uses, especially during wet season. ETS has several benefits to users including promotion of environmental and public health, as well as food security. Despite the potential benefits of the IWS components, the perceived acceptance of its users threatens the success of its implementation. This study focuses on determining the significant factors that can influence the social acceptance of IWS in the Municipality of Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines. This study considers behavioral intention as an indicator of social acceptance of the IWS components. The framework of this study is based on the combined technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior (C-TAM-TPB) concept. C-TAM-TPB was analyzed using Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS–SEM). The result of the C-TAM-TPB evaluation reveals that the user’s attitude towards use (ATU), including its significant predictors, can promote behavioral intention towards use of the IWS components. This study can further improve the development of IWS projects.

Topic: Smart Cities and Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal Design of a Furnace Transformer by Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents design optimization of a class of special purpose transformers used in direct-arc melting furnace, adopting genetic algorithm (GA). The operation and performance characteristics of a furnace transformer connected to a large direct arc furnace formed the basis for realizing the rating of the transformer. The nonlinear mathematical model of the transformer is based on the core geometry available from manufacturer's published data. In order to verify the effectiveness of GA method, an example is considered. The results show the potential for implementation of GA as an efficient search technique for design optimization of transformers. A discussion on the variation of GA parameters while minimizing the single and multi-objective functions satisfying the performance constraints concludes the paper.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[The pericytes, endothelium monolayer, collagen and elastin chains as the elements of areolar tissue and the substrates of chemical reaction of glyserization].

The microangiopathy under hyperglycemia and diabetes develops only in the microcirculation component of circulatory system. In this area considerable amount of pericytes is concentrated. These cells contain myofibrils and in circulatory mode envelop capillaries being situated on the outside of basilemma. It is possible that in a phylogenetic sense this is the earliest functional unity of endothelium monolayer as a pacemaker and pericytes as contractile elements which are the earliest "propeller" because of implementing the function of advancement of lymph, hemolymph and blood in capillaries. Probably, endothelium and pericytes formed the first variation of peristaltic "pump" for the purpose of blood advancement longwise of capillaries. Most probably, the state of distal part of arterial race (muscular type arterioles) impact the parameters of proximal part of arterial race (elastic type arterioles) and myocardium itself in the same extent as the state of "pump" in capillaries, endothelium and pericytes function impact the function of local peristaltic pumps (muscular type arterioles) in paracrine cenosis. It is supposed that the pericytes are the regulators of physical, hydraulic factor of activation of biologic reaction of transcitosis--excretion of nutrients and humoral mediators from capillaries to the pool of intercellular medium to perform the biologic function of homeostasis. Hyperglycemia, glycotoxins formation, bivalent substances (glyoxal, methilglyoxal, malonic dialdehyde) reacting simultaneously by both ends of molecule result in formation within collagen of areolar tissue of short transversal cross-links (glycosylation end product) which significantly increase rigidity (hardness) of capillary wall. In these conditions, myofibrils of pericytes no longer form directed deformation of capillary wall to effect peristalsis and advancement of hemolymph (blood later on) along capillaries according the synthesis of monolayer endothelium NO as a dilatation factor. This is the cause of blood circulation disturbance on the level of exchange capillaries and formation of chronic hypoxemia resulting in the only increase of rate of glycosylation chemical reaction. The microangiopathy is formed in the cells and tissues in an integrated pool of intercellular medium and never occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid pool where no hyperglycemia develops.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Zinc on Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity of Broilers Vaccinated Against Coccidiosis

Background: The aim of the present study was the comparison of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in ‎broilers fed with different levels of zinc during a coccidiosis challenge.‎Methods: One hundred and forty-‎four one-day-old broiler chicks were used with three ‎dietary zinc ‎(40, 120 and 200 mg/kg). At 14 d of age, all birds were inoculated orally with 5×103 sporulated oocysts of E. Tenella. ‎At ‎2, 22, 32, 42 ‎days of age, the blood serums were tested for ‎antibody titer against‎ Newcas­tle disease vaccine, using ‎the standard HI test. On day 42 the sum of nitrite ‎and nitrate based on the reduction of nitrate ‎to nitrite by cadmium ‎and white blood cell count (WBC) using a hemocytometer were measured.Results: At 42 d, levels of ‎120 and 200 mg significantly (P< 0.05) increased the antibody titer in compare with the control. The peak response of CBH was observed at the level of 200 mg Zn/kg diet. Also both level of 120 and 200 mg Zn/kg diet increased WBC count and sum of nitrite and nitrate‎ in serum compared with the control.Conclusion: The levels of 120 and 200 mg Zn/kg diet could be considered as a non-pharmacologic booster of immunity in broilers chicks infected with E. Tenella.

Topic: Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on the Contribution of the Number of Patent Families to the Value of Patents——Taking Solar Energy as An Example

[Purpose/significance] Research on the contribution of the number of patent families to the value of patents can provide an important reference for patents strategy layout optimization and patent value evaluation. [Methods/process] Taking the new clean solar energy field as an example, we identified high-value and low-value patent data sets, and designed experiments on patent family size differences between high-value patents and low-value patents. Finally, then SPSS 22 was used to verify the model. [Results/conclusion] Empirical research have shown that the contribution of the number of patent families to the value of patents is not invariable. With the continuous expansion of the patent families, the proportion of patent families is no longer significant difference between high-value patents and low-value patents. At this time, the increase in the number of patent families has significantly reduced the contribution to patent value.

Topic: Medical Research and Treatments
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Basic Relational Model

A relation is a mathematical term for a two-dimensional table such as a collection of records (for example, see figure 2.14). It is characterised by rows and columns, each entry there being an attribute value. The reason for calling this a relation rather than a matrix lies in the lack of homogeneity in its entries — the entries are homogeneous in the columns but not in the rows. A relational database consists of such relations which can be stored on a physical device in a variety of ways.

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chromosome Doubling in Endemic Iris sari Schott ex Baker with In Vitro Colchicine Treatments

Abstract Iris sari Schott ex Baker, an endemic plant, has a natural distribution in Turkey. The plant, also known as “Ana kurtkulağı, Bahar çiçeği” among the people, has showy flowers. Chromosome doubling in the plant was successfully performed with colchicine applied to the micro bulbs of the I. sari obtained in vitro. The different colchicine doses and treatment times tested with I. sari were: 0.1 and 0.5% (2, 4, and 6 hours). The resulting polyploid plantlets were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The highest tetraploid plant yield was observed after 4 h of treatment with 0.1% colchicine. From a total of 45 surviving plantlets, 3 were detected. At the end of the applications, the control and other groups were compared in terms of the viability rates of plants. After 2 subcultures of in vitro conditions, the highest viability rate in plantlets was observed with the control group and 0.1% colchicine for 4 h application, 62.97%, and 67.12%, respectively. Also, I. sari putative tetraploid plantlets had fewer and larger stomata than the control, confirming the data. Although the best ratios in terms of stomata length and width (49.04 and 30.52 mm) were come off after 4 h of 0.5% colchicine treatment, tetraploid was not obtained as a result of this application.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Improved Synthesis of 3-<sup>14</sup>C-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A

Journal Article Improved Synthesis of 3-14C-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Get access Hiroshi Suzuki, Hiroshi Suzuki Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuko Oba, Kazuko Oba Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ikuzo Uritani Ikuzo Uritani Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 8, 1 August 1975, Pages 1675–1676, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861837 Published: 01 August 1975 Article history Received: 04 April 1975 Published: 01 August 1975

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fertilizer nitrogen requirement of finger millet

3 Eleusine coracana cv. grown with 0-90 kg N/ha under rainfed conditions during 2 yr showed significant grain yield response up to 60 kg N/ha. The opt. economic N rate was 75 kg/ha. Cv. PES-8 and BR-407 outyielded cv. PES-176 in grain yields; stover yields of all the cv. were similar

Topic: Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Establishment of in Planta Transformation of Soybean

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is recognized as one of the plants which is very difficult to be transformed. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method is the most commonly used method in soybean transformation. However, it results in a relatively lower transformation rate. In this study, in planta transformation was used to introduce thermal resistance gene (BnTR1) into soybean. The experiment process was through seed germination, wounds making, Agrobacterium infection and new buds induced afterwards. Finally 100 mg/L PPT (glufosinate) was used for screening resistant plantlets. Through this method, we successfully introduced plasmid pc3301121-BnTR1 into soybean and got resistant plantlets. With approval of PCR detection, six T0 transgenic plants harboring BnTR1 were obtained with a transformation rate of 4.96%.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Decoherence-free quantum dynamics in circuit QED system

We study decoherence in a circuit QED system consisting of a charge qubit and two superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs). We show that in the dispersive regime of the circuit QED system one TLR can be used as an auxiliary subsystem to realize decoherence-free quantum dynamics of the bipartite target system consisting of the charge qubit and the other TLR conditioned on the auxiliary TLR initially being a proper number state. Our study gives new insight into control and manipulation of decoherence in quantum systems.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences