jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF FLEA BEETLE FEEDING ON TRANSPLANTED AND DIRECT-SEEDED BROCCOLI

The effects of flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feeding on transplanted and direct-seeded broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Pl.) were studied for 2 yr in field plots in south central Manitoba. Flea beetle populations were monitored in biweekly broccoli plantings and the plots were assessed for stand loss, plant damage and yield. Transplants of 4-, 3-, or 2-wk-old seedlings, direct-seeded plants and direct-seeded plants with carbofuran granules in furrow were compared. The earliest plantings had the greatest mortality, delayed harvest and most prolonged harvest period because of high beetle populations early in the season. Small transplants and newly emerged seedlings were the most severely defoliated by the beetles while broccoli plants beyond the 6- to 8-leaf stage suffered negligible damage. Direct-seeded plants without insecticide had the fewest and generally lowest-quality heads. Over both years direct-seeded broccoli yielded only 37% of the marketable harvest of direct-seeded, insecticide-protected broccoli. The old transplants were the most tolerant to flea beetle attack. Feeding on bud florets of the mature heads by the large summer generation of flea beetles in the second year of the study reduced marketable yields of all treatments.Key words: Flea beetle, broccoli, transplant, direct seed, carbofuran, Brassica oleracea var. italica Pl.

Topic: Biological Control of Invasive Species
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Whose History Is It Anyway? Contests for India’s Past in the Twentieth Century

If you believe that the past cannot be owned, you are simultaneously correct, idealistic, and naïve. Ownership of the past – both of the material things which survive from it and act as public signifiers for our reconstructions, and the right to tell stories about those things – is frequently contested, as different people seek to own that which cannot be owned. The range of participants and the distance between their positions in Indian, and by extension South Asian, history is perhaps greater than any other field, excepting perhaps the history of Judaism.

Topic: Indian History and Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A numerical approach for solving a class of fractional optimal control problems via operational matrix Bernoulli polynomials

The purpose of this study is to introduce a novel approach based on the operational matrix of a Riemann–Liouville fractional integral of Bernoulli polynomials, in order to numerically solve a class of fractional optimal control problems that arise in engineering. The method is computationally consistent and moreover, it has good flexibility in satisfying the initial and boundary conditions. The fractional derivative in the dynamic system is considered in the Caputo sense. The upper bound of the error for function approximation by a Bernoulli polynomial is also given. In order to numerically solve the given problem, the problem is transformed into a functional integral equation that is equivalent to the given problem. Then, the new integral equation is approximated by utilizing the Gauss quadrature formula. Afterwards, a system of nonlinear equations is yielded from the Lagrange multipliers method. Finally, the resultant system of nonlinear equations is solved by Newton’s iterative method. Some illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the applicability of the new technique.

Topic: Fractional Differential Equations Solutions
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Nonlinear-Phase Model-Based Human Detector for Radar

Radar offers unique advantages over other sensors for the detection of humans, such as remote operation during virtually all weather and lighting conditions, increased range, and better coverage. Many current radar-based human detection systems employ some type of Fourier analysis, such as Doppler processing. However, in many environments, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of human returns is quite low. Furthermore, Fourier-based techniques assume a linear variation in target phase over the aperture, whereas human targets have a highly nonlinear phase history. The resulting phase mismatch causes significant SNR loss in the detector itself. In this paper, human target modeling is used to derive a more accurate nonlinear approximation to the true target phase history. The likelihood ratio is optimized over unknown model parameters to enhance detection performance. Cramer-Rao bounds on parameter estimates and receiver operating characteristic curves are used to validate analytically the performance of the proposed method and to evaluate simulation results.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table from Replication of Overall Survival, Progression-Free Survival, and Overall Response in Chemotherapy Arms of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Trials Using Real-World Data

Supplementary Table from Replication of Overall Survival, Progression-Free Survival, and Overall Response in Chemotherapy Arms of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Trials Using Real-World Data

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A conceptual framework for the sustainability assessment procedures of the shrimp aquaculture industry in coastal Bangladesh

Shrimp aquaculture is now establishing itself as an important aquaculture industry in coastal Bangladesh. However, the benefit of this industry is concentrated to only the interests of a specific group of people who contribute a significant amount of foreign earnings to the nation, while the present development process is posing a challenge to the coastal sustainability, as well as the industry itself. This paper analyses the contexts of sustainability in relation to the coastal shrimp aquaculture industry and identifies the relevant sustainable factors or indicators for coastal Bangladesh. In addition, this paper examines these sustainability indicators quantitatively in regard to how they can be used through a unifying index that allows the present shrimp aquaculture to be assessed considering all sustainability components, such as environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors separately and in interaction with each other. Finally, this paper presents a conceptual framework for a sustainability assessment methodology of coastal shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh.

Topic: Agricultural Systems and Practices
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Isorhodopsin: An Undervalued Visual Pigment Analog

Rhodopsin, the first visual pigment identified in the animal retina, was shown to be a photosensitive membrane protein containing covalently bound retinal in the 11-cis configuration, as a chromophore. Upon photoexcitation the chromophore isomerizes in femtoseconds to all-trans, which drives the protein into the active state. Soon thereafter, another geometric isomer—9-cis retinal—was also shown to stably incorporate into the binding pocket, generating a slightly blue-shifted photosensitive protein. This pigment, coined isorhodopsin, was less photosensitive, but could also reach the active state. However, 9-cis retinal was not detected as a chromophore in any of the many animal visual pigments studied, and isorhodopsin was passed over as an exotic and little-relevant rhodopsin analog. Consequently, few in-depth studies of its photochemistry and activation mechanism have been performed. In this review, we aim to illustrate that it is unfortunate that isorhodopsin has received little attention in the visual research and literature. Elementary differences in photoexcitation of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin have already been reported. Further in-depth studies of the photochemical properties and pathways of isorhodopsin would be quite enlightening for the initial steps in vision, as well as being beneficial for biotechnological applications of retinal proteins.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
End-of-Life Experiences (ELEs) of Spiritual Nature Are Reported Directly by Patients Receiving Palliative Care in a Highly Secular Country: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Patients with life-threatening diseases have reportedly end-of-life experiences that are perceived positively. Loved ones and healthcare personnel may mistakenly interpret the phenomena as confusion and patients can be reluctant to talk about it due to fear of ridicule. Studies addressing patients directly are scarce and there is a lack of studies from highly secular countries. The aim was to establish whether end-of-life experiences are present among patients, oriented in time, place and person and receiving palliative end-of-life care in one of the world's most secular countries. If present, examine the content and patients’ subjective experiences. Design: Qualitative design with semi-structured, in-depth interviews. 25 participants, receiving end-of-life palliative care at home or in a hospice inpatient unit. Results: Patients were interviewed on 1-3 consecutive occasions. 16/25 patients reported end-of-life experiences of which the majority were perceived to be positive. Four themes were identified: vivid dreams while asleep, experiences while awake, references to medical circumstances and communication about end-of-life experiences. Prevalent content was deceased and living loved ones and journeys. Some patients distinguished between hallucinations/nightmares and end-of-life experiences. Conclusions: End-of-life experiences are present among oriented patients in a highly secular country and can have a profound positive impact, which warrants clinical attention. Education for healthcare personnel about end-of-life experiences is needed in order to support patients and loved ones and not mistakenly medicalize. Further directions for research could be to study the experiences of the phenomenon among health care personnel in the same context, which could strengthen the present findings.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of mercury on histological alterations in gill, liver and stomach tissues of Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus

Heavy metal pollution poses a great threat to aquatic ecosystem, ultimately threatening the survival of safe and healthy life on earth. Contaminated water persuades pathological alterations and behavioural changes in fish. Mercury is highly toxic and seriously affects aquatic organisms, ultimately affecting humans.The present study aimed to assess the histological alterations in tissues like gill, liver and stomach of Indian catfish Clarias batrachus. The fish were divided in to four groups i.e. one control (Group I) and three groups of different concentration of mercury chloride treated groups, i.e.0.0002mg/l (Group II), 0.002mg/l(Group III), and 0.02mg/l (Group IV) for 14 days. Each group contained 25 number of fish.The results indicated degenerative changes in gill, liver and stomach tissues of exposed fish. Level of changes were higher with respect to higher in concentration. Rupture of epithelial layer, club shaped gill filament, broken gill lamellae, hyperplasia of interlamellar epithelium, deletion of secondary lamellae, formation of vacuoles, blood conjugation and necrosis in gill filaments were observed in gill tissues of exposed fish. Liver damage included hepatocellular dissociation, inflamed hepatocytes, cloudy swelling, vacuole formation and hydropic degeneration. Besides, stomach tissues showed alterations such as thinner serosa, vacuolization, muscle damage, and necrosis at several points. The study confirmed that mercury is life hazardous even at very low concentration.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Incandescent affect: Turning on the hot emotional system with bright light

Abstract We propose that turning on the light can turn on the hot emotional system. Across six studies we show that ambient brightness makes people feel warmer, which increases the intensity of their affective response, including sensation seeking from spicy‐hot foods, perception of aggression and sexiness (“hotness”) in others, and generating more extreme affective reactions toward positive and negative words and drinks. We suggest that these effects arise because light underlies perception of heat, and perception of heat can trigger the hot emotional system. Thus, turning down the light, effortless and unassuming as it may seem, can reduce emotionality in everyday decisions, most of which take place under bright light.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Teaching through Narrative.

Story telling in its most basic form is a means by which a culture passes onto the next generation what they have found to be useful, to be of value, or to be good. Curriculum can be understood as a certain way of telling a story about the world. By contextualising units of work within a narrative, lessons become more meaningful, dynamic and engaging for the learner. This paper will explore the importance of narrative as a delivery system for curriculum and will unpack the Story Form Model through the identification of binary opposites and the organising of content into narrative form. OUTLINE:  Introduction  The problem with education –Have we lost the plot?  Why Narrativethe story so far  Curriculum –poetic license or scripted control  Implications for Implementation  Once Upon a Time: Towards a Model  Limitations of Narrative  Recommendation for further research  Conclusion LIST OF TERMS:  Content –suggested activities from a course syllabus to deliver its mandatory outcomes  Course –an individual Key Learning Area e.g. Mathematics  Curriculum –state or nationally prescribed outcomes / content for all Key Learning Areas or subjects  Narrative –movement of characters through time following the structure of orientationcomplication-resolution  Outcome –individual descriptor of student achievement. An indicator that content has been achieved (as identified in syllabus)  Syllabus –curriculum for an individual Key Learning Area e.g. Mathematics  Teaching Program –a detailed running sheet created by teachers outlining how they intend to comply with the requirements of the syllabus document in meeting mandatory outcomes and content  Unit of Work – sequence of lessons covering a single topic. May continue for several days or weeks e.g. Decimals

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Skin Manifestation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection – A Case Report and Review Article

Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus that is a frequent coloniser of fluids used in the hospital setting. It causes infection in immunosuppressed hosts, especially those who are neutropaenic, on chemotherapy and broad spectrum antibiotics. Skin and soft tissue manifestations of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection are becoming an increasingly recognised entity; the clinical spectrum ranges from mucocutaneous, skin to soft tissue infections. Materials and Methods: We present a case of an 8-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia who developed metastatic skin lesions secondary to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia. The authors reviewed a total of 24 reported cases of mucocutaneous, skin and soft tissue infections by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The presentations include metastatic cellulitis, primary cellulitis and infected mucocutaneous ulcers. Results: This is the first locally reported case of metastatic nodular skin lesions caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia. This is also the first reported paediatric case of embolic skin lesions caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Of the 6 cases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia seen in the paediatric oncology patients from year 2000 to 2004 at our hospital, only 1 case developed metastatic skin lesions. Conclusion: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia skin infection should be included into the list of differential diagnoses for metastatic skin lesions in neutropaenic patients, especially with an underlying haematologic malignancy who has received recent chemotherapy and broad spectrum antibiotics. Haematologic malignancy, transplantation, neutropaenic, immunosuppressive therapy and a high severity of illness score were important prognostic factors.

Topic: Infections and bacterial resistance
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Konstruowanie tożsamości w warunkach obcości kulturowej. Przypadek małoletnich uchodźców z Czeczenii w Polsce

Research conducted by the author in the years 2009–2014 among the children of refugees from Chechnya has shown that what is most important in terms of their functioning in the new culture occurs primarily in the family/ethnic environment, in the process of enculturation. This means that even though manifestations of progressing acculturation may be observed in the external sphere, this does not guarantee that the process is also occurring in the internal sphere of attitudes, convictions, and values. In this connection the writer’s attention was drawn to how under-age refugees from post-Soviet lands create a sense of identity and ethnic belonging. In particular, she considered the degree to which being a refugee and the situation in which these children ﬁnd themselves have a formative inﬂuence on their self-identiﬁcation. External indicators of ethnic, cultural, and religious identiﬁcation were also analyzed. The author has thereby established the model—based on the two alternative strategies of reconstruction and deconstruction—by which young refugees create their self-identiﬁcation.

Topic: Central European Literary Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
17β-Estradiol Up-regulates the Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor through a Nongenotropic Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract Prostate carcinomas frequently express estrogen receptors (ER), irrespective of androgen receptor (AR) expression; however, the role of ERs and estrogens in prostate cancer is controversial. We found that 17β-estradiol (E2) is able to markedly up-regulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA and protein expression in both AR-positive (LNCaP cells) and AR-negative (PC-3 cells) prostate cancer cells. This effect occurs not only via ERα but also via ERβ stimulation and is specific for IGF-IR because it does not involve the cognate insulin receptor. IGF-IR up-regulation is associated with increased IGF-IR phosphorylation and with increased mitogenic and motogenic activities in response to IGF-I. IGF-IR up-regulation by E2 does not require ER binding to DNA and is poorly sensitive to antiestrogen blockade, whereas it is associated with the activation of cytosolic kinase cascades involving Src, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and is sensitive to the inhibition of these kinases. In conclusion, our data indicate that estrogens may contribute to IGF system deregulation in prostate cancer through the activation of a nongenotropic pathway. Estrogens may have a role, therefore, in tumor progression to androgen independence. Inhibition of the IGF-IR or the Src-ERK pathway should be considered, therefore, as an adjuvant therapy in prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8932–41]

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pediatric microsurgery

Abstract The contemporary status of microsurgical techniques in different pediatric surgical categories is summarized. Employment of microsurgical techniques permits autografts of jejunum to be used for esophageal replacement and vascularized bone grafts to be used for bridging defects in long bones. The same techniques improve overall results in creating vascular access for hemodialysis. Combined with temporary nephrectomy, extracorporeal hypothermic organ preservation, and autotransplantation, microsurgery makes possible repair of injured kidneys, partial nephrectomy for bilateral Wilm's tumor, and correction of renal vascular hypertension . Microsurgical techniques facilitate correction of hypospadia, thereby reducing the complication of fistulas. These methods make possible the reimplantation of an accidentally amputated extremity or a traumatically amputated testicle or penis. Vas deferens injured during herniorrhaphy can be repaired and intra‐abdominal testes can be relocated. Improved drainage for congenital lymphedema of the extremities and varicocele are possible. Remnants of hilar bile ducts can be more accurately identified in children with biliary atresia and may thereby improve the results of Kasai portoenterostomy operations . With the smaller size of organ structures in the pediatric age group, microsurgical techniques play an especially prominent increasing role in this particular population .

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Terminal Solid Solubility of Hydrogen in Unalloyed Zirconium by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

KEYWORDS: zirconiumzirconium alloysZircaloy-2claddingBWR type reactorsBWR fuelshydrogenhydridesterminal solid solubilitydifferential scanning calorimetry

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Contributions of general education to the training doctors and educators from a public university

Resumo: O texto apresenta os resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar quais são, para egressos dos cursos de pedagogia e de medicina, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, as contribuições da formação universitária para uma atuação como profissional-cidadão. Procuramos desvendar a partir da avaliação dos egressos, aspectos de Educação Geral ao longo da formação, tanto nos currículos dos cursos como nas vivências universitárias oferecidas pela Unicamp. A pesquisa teve como base a importância de se ter uma formação universitária que ultrapasse os limites da formação técnica profissional específica e se estenda para uma que possibilite o desenvolvimento do senso crítico, do pensamento reflexivo, comportamento ético, habilitando para uma atuação com responsabilidade social. A amostra foi composta por 22,3% dos egressos do curso de medicina e 23,1% do curso de pedagogia. Os egressos de ambos os cursos avaliam que os aspectos de Educação Geral que mais vivenciaram foram as "discussões sobre grandes temas" e "estudos de clássicos da cultura ocidental". Quanto à atuação profissional, mais de 90% desses egressos encontram-se atuando na sua área de formação e têm autopercepção de que atuam como profissionais-cidadãos. A maioria (70%) dos egressos avalia ainda que esta atuação está relacionada à formação dada na universidade que foi: adequada para as práticas profissionais; amparada em conhecimentos científicos; com visão social; pautada na ética; com valores humanos, ou seja, possui elementos de Educação Geral que possibilitaram uma formação de profissionais-cidadãos

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences