jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Response of Three Wheat Varieties to Nitrogen Levels, Seeding Rates and Their Combination: 1. Growth Analysis

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer levels, i.e. 60, 80 and 100 kg N/fed One feddan = 4200m<sup>2</sup> = 2.4h, three seeding rates, i.e. 40, 60 and kg grains/fed on growth analysis of three wheat varieties (Giza-171, Gemmiza-12 and Shandawil-1) where randomly kept in main plots, sub plots and sub-subplots, respectively at Agricultural and Experiments Research Station, Giza, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt during 2018/2019 and 219/2020 seasons. The estimated studied growth characters were: Leaf area (LA) at 40, 60 and 80 days after sowing (DAS), leaf area index (LAI) at 40, 60 and 80 DAS, crop grow rate (CGR), Relative growth rate (RGR) and nit assimilation rate (NAR) at two periods (40-60 and 60-8 DAS) and flag leaf area (FLA) at 80 DAS. Results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer levels had significant effect on all studied characters in both season, except LA at 40 DAS, CGR at both periods in the first season and LA at 40 and 60 DAS, NAR at both periods in the second season. Application of either 100 or 80 kg N/fed recorded the highest values of the most of studied characters in first and second season, respectively. Seeding rates significantly affected all studied traits in both season, except LAI at 80 DAS, RGA at 60 DAS, NAR at the first period and FLA in the first season and LA at all dates, RGR at second period and NAR at both periods in the second season. The highest of the most studied traits wee obtained with planting wheat with either 60 or 80 kg grains/fed. Among verities, Giza-171 followed by Gemmiza-12 recorded the highest significant values from all studied characters in both seasons. Concerning the interaction between all studied factors, significant effect on LAI at 40 and 80 DAS, CGR at both periods, RGR at second period and FLA in the first season was found. On the other hand, this interaction significantly affected the most of studied characters in first season. It could be conclude that planting Giza-171 with 80 kg grains/fed and application of 100 kg N/fed could produced the highest values of the most of studied growth characters under the experimental site and the similar conditions.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Road structure classification through artificial neural network for automotive radar systems

This study proposes an artificial neural network‐based method to classify road structures for automotive radar systems. Generally, road structures generate unwanted echoes called clutter, which degrades the performance of target detection, and may cause critical errors in autonomous driving modes. However, recognition and classification of each individual structure type is very difficult, because there are various types of structures made by different materials which cause ambiguity in the recognition and classification process. To deal with these classification ambiguities, the authors propose an artificial neural network‐based recognition and classification method. Road structures are classified by applying artificial neural network to the frequency domain‐received signals of automotive radar systems. Once the neural network has been trained with the received signals, it is used to determine the type of road structure with instantaneous received signals. The classification performance was evaluated by experimenting with the number of antenna elements and radar snapshots. In addition, to find the most suitable artificial neural network structure, the authors experimented with the number of nodes and layers. After completing a period of deep learning using actual experimental data, the total classification accuracy was about 95%.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal control of a variable speed wind turbine under dynamic wind conditions

Variable speed wind turbine systems have the potential for significantly increasing the energy that is extracted from the wind compared to constant speed turbines, since they allow the rotor to continue to operate with maximum efficiency as the wind speed varies. However, such systems require back-to-back inverters, or specially wound motors, to achieve the variable frequency to constant frequency conversion that is required. Since this adds to the cost and complexity of the system, it is desirable to make sure that the net energy gain outweighs the increased cost. This paper explores this issue, by presenting control strategies for operating a variable wind speed turbine under varying wind conditions, and determining the increase in energy that can be achieved using these strategies. The results are verified both by simulation and laboratory experiments using a model turbine systems, and show that a 9 to 15% improvement in net energy extraction from the wind is achievable. Further improvements can also be obtained optimizing the generator excitation voltage for the varying speed conditions to reduce losses.

Topic: Wind Turbine Control Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CSR: Where is the Love?

As fully‐socialised beings, all human experience is characterised by communication and primarily facilitated by language. Every society seeks legitimation for its ideologies and practices and it legitimates itself chiefly through language. When employed as an instrument of governance, it can bring about social cohesion, also has the power to cause disintegration when consensus is absent, and can have serious consequences when its constituent parts are dismembered. This paper addresses the context in which value‐attribution and labelling takes place and examines the idea of CSR in terms of its lexicology or theoretical lexicography. In particular, the demands and imperatives incumbent on the word responsibility are explored according to its use as part of language, discourse and most significantly as a referent within the expression, corporate social responsibility. In the first part, it is suggested that this approach may provide clues as to the alleged failure, in spite of recent national and international endeavours, to provide any useful universal framework for ethically‐sound corporate behaviour. The second part constitutes a tentative inquiry into whether an alternative to the word responsibility might produce a better result. To this end, a specific definition of the word love is posited as a substitute or at the very least, acknowledged as a worthy driving force for responsible corporate citizenship.

Topic: Ethics in Business and Education
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Table S4. Microsatellite null alleles across populations from The antique genetic plight of the Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)

Table presenting the comparison of estimated null allele frequencies analyses conducted in MICRO-CHECKER (Van Oosterhout et al., 2004). Null: final evidence for null allele presence per data set as returned by MICRO-CHECKER; The estimated null allele frequency for each locus is compared to the null allele frequencies obtained using methods by Chakraborty (Chakraborty et al., 1992) and Brookfield (Brookfield, 1996). Homozygote excess: analysis indicates homozygote excess at this locus

Topic: Marine animal studies overview
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Raman spectra and phase transitions in some langbeinites

Double sulfates of mono- and divalent metals belong to a family of compounds with a M2+ M22+(S04), overall formula which mainly crystallize in the structural type K2Mg2(SO4)3 (langbeinite). In the high-symmetry phase the langbeinite structure described by the space group T4(P213) with four molecules per unit cell.1 By now, there have been synthesized 26 compounds of this family on 11 of which the phase transitions have been discovered. In some crystals a sequence of transitions has been observed.2

Topic: Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Restoration of interference and the fallacy of delayed choice: Concerning an experiment proposed by Englert, Scully, and Walther

A two-slit experiment with atoms, proposed by Englert, Scully, and Walther, appears to permit experimenters to choose, after each atom has made its mark on the screen, whether the atom has passed through a particular slit or has, in some sense, passed through both of them. Through a misleading wording these authors even appear to endorse this interpretation. In actual fact, this choice exists only until the atom hits the screen. The said experiment thus is a ‘‘delayed-choice’’ experiment only in the semantically contingent sense of Wheeler.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dataset of Indoor Air Pollutant Concentration using Low Cost IOT Based System

Indoor air pollutant concentration data is collected for all the seasons in Pune city, India, from internet of things-based system built using low cost sensors. The raw data contains 1,39,448 records collected from Nov 2020 to Dec 2021. Air pollutant PM2.5 (Particulate Matter) is measured using GP2Y1010AU0F Dust Smoke Particle Sensor, NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide), NH3 (Ammonia) and CO (Carbon Monoxide) pollutant measured using MICS-6814 sensor. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) measurement is done using CCS811 sensor, Ozone (O3) measured using MQ131 Semiconductor Sensor. Temperature, Humidity measured using BME 280 sensor. Measurement units of NH3 is PPM, NO2 in PPM, CO in PPM, PM2.5 in ug/m3, Temperature in Celsius, Pressure in hPa, Altitude in ft, Humidity in RH, CO2 in PPM, TVOC in PPB, Ozone in PPB. This data can be used for study and evaluations of prediction models and low-cost sensor data. It can be used for the study of the pollutant’s patterns in COVID-19 pandemic. It will help policymakers to develop policies to monitor air pollution impact.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patterns of endangerment or pathways to enlightenment? Reconstructing the<i>Fauna Hawaiiensis</i>

Abstract Specimens taxonomically treated in the Fauna Hawaiiensis were associated by cluster analysis, thereby reconstructing assemblages of Hawaiian carabid beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) observed during the late 19th century. Associations among specimens representing 193 species permit concise hypotheses of habitat preferences for many of the 32 carabid species collected during the early period of European scientific exploration (1872–1902), but not observed since. These associations are consistent with data derived from contemporary biological surveys of Hawai'i. Absence of entire clusters of associated species from recent collections suggests actions of common agents leading to extinction or extreme population reduction. The candidate list of threatened and endangered species of the US. Fish and Wildlife Service established prior to 1994 included one Hawaiian carabid species missing since 1902, versus eight other species collected at various times over the past century. Improvements in knowledge of carabid beetle species’ spatial distribution and temporal persistence derived from recent field survey and taxonomic research demonstrate that the types of criteria used to construct that list must be rejected. Future consideration of official conservation status for any Hawaiian carabid beetle species must take into account the status of ecologically associated species, and the limited likelihood that individuals of all extant species can be consistently observed in nature due to their natural relative rarity or their secretive habits within restricted geographic and ecological distributions. Historical specimen associations serve as the best guides for continuing efforts to monitor known faunal members and to rediscover long‐missing species. These associations also serve to link information concerning individual species with particular habitats.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
In-Band Coding for Power Reduction in Multiple-Subcarrier Modulated Wireless Optical Systems

In this work we apply techniques for power reduction in electrical multiple-subcarrier modulated (MSM) systems to wireless optical systems. The signal set is expanded by adding a zero amplitude constellation point to each frequency channel. A peak and average optical power gain are realized by coding over these increased degrees of freedom. We develop search techniques to find good mappings between transmitted symbols and trellis edges both at low and high bandwidth efficiencies. With a symbol-by-symbol bias, an average optical power reduction of 0.9 dB over uncoded systems is achieved with a simultaneous peak power reduction of 0.4 dB at the same bandwidth efficiency

Topic: Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regulation of ferroptosis by nanotechnology for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

The manuscript underscores the promising yet intricate landscape of ferroptosis in immunotherapy. It emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of ferroptosis' impact on immune cells and the TME to develop more effective cancer treatments, highlighting the potential of nanoparticles in enhancing the efficacy of ferroptosis and immunotherapy. It calls for deeper exploration into the molecular mechanisms and clinical potential of ferroptosis to fully harness its therapeutic benefits in immunotherapy.

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Red China Blues: Paul Martin, Lester B. Pearson, and the China Conundrum, 1963-1967

Like any number of American allies, Canada declined to recognize the revolutionary government of the People’s Republic of China, and helped exclude it from the United Nations in the 1950s. By the early 1960s, there were strong pressures for change. This article examines the efforts of Paul Martin, Sr., Canada’s foreign minister from 1963 to 1968, to respond to those pressures and modernize his country’s approach to the emerging Asian giant. After establishing Martin’s diplomatic credentials, the paper traces the evolution of his attitude toward Beijing during the 1950s as he accepted the logic and necessity of recognition. Opposed by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and many of his cabinet colleagues, who feared U.S. retaliation, Martin persisted in trying to win over their backing. Progress, when it finally came in 1966, was incremental and much too late, prompting critical attacks on the minister’s reputation and his “hush puppy style.”

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Case of choriocarcinoma of a probable testicular origin with a good response to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)].

A case of choriocarcinoma responding well to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) was reported. A 24-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of upper abdominal discomfort and gynecomastia. Physical findings on admission included solid tumors in the upper abdomen and bilateral inguinal regions. The chest X-ray picture showed numerous coin lesions, and abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a widespread metastasis in the retroperitoneum. Blood chemical analysis pointed out the high levels of LH, HCG, and beta-subunit of HCG. The pathological diagnosis of the biopsied inguinal mass was choriocarcinoma. The patient was treated with CDDP, vincristine and bleomycin according to the protocol of Einhorn. After three courses of this therapy, serum HCG level was normalized and pulmonary metastatic lesions were diminished, although abdominal ultrasound examination showed remnants of the decreased tumor masses. The patient was transferred to the urological department for further cytoreductive therapy.

Topic: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effective approaches to combining lexical and syntactical information for code summarization

Summary Natural language summaries of source codes are important during software development and maintenance. Recently, deep learning based models have achieved good performance on the task of automatic code summarization, which encode token sequence or abstract syntax tree (AST) of code with neural networks. However, there has been little work on the efficient combination of lexical and syntactical information of code for better summarization quality. In this paper, we propose two general and effective approaches to leveraging both types of information: a convolutional neural network that aims to better extract vector representation of AST node for downstream models; and a Switch Network that learns an adaptive weight vector to combine different code representations for summary generation. We integrate these approaches into a comprehensive code summarization model, which includes a sequential encoder for token sequence of code and a tree based encoder for its AST. We evaluate our model on a large Java dataset. The experimental results show that our model outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art models on various metrics, and the proposed approaches contribute a lot to the improvements.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ultra High-Resolution FDTD Modeling of a High-Performance VLSI Package for Identifying Resonances and Coupling

Abstract ─ It is becoming increasingly important to computationally predict, study, and prevent electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues arising within and between ICs and other components comprising portable electronic devices. Here, we conduct a phenomenological study involving an ultra high-resolution, three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model of a sample IC package having over one billion grid cells. Specifically, we determine the resonances and coupling patterns arising within the highly complex IC package. The frequency range of interest extends from 100 MHz to 7 GHz. Results indicate that the arrangement and geometry of the separate power, ground, and signaling networks comprising the IC package greatly influences the electromagnetic behavior within different regions of the package. Index Terms ─ Digital electronics, EM

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Excitation of Non-Axisymmetric <i>g</i>-Mode Oscillations by Corotation Resonance in Thin Relativistic Disks

Various modes of oscillations are trapped in the inner region of geometrically thin relativistic disks. Among these oscillations, non-axisymmetric g-mode oscillations have been less studied compared with other modes of oscillations. The modes are, however, interesting since a corotation resonance appears in the trapped region. We mathematically examine whether the modes can be excited by the effects of the corotation resonance. This examination is made under an assumption that the inner and outer Lindblad radii are sufficiently separated in the opposite directions from the corotation radius. The results of analyses suggest that the waves are excited by the corotation resonance. The presence of the excitation suggests that the non-axisymmetric trapped g-mode oscillations are one of possible candidates for the quasi-periodic oscillations of a few hundred to kHz observed in some X-ray sources.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Folk art of the Andes

The creative accomplishments of the Andean people of the highland region of South America are prominent among the folk art legacies of the world. This wide-ranging publication, examining over 850 works, is the first to present an overview of the religious, textile, costume, utilitarian, and festival folk arts made in the Andes in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, after the Andeans were free from Spanish colonial rule. The author offers an understanding of the development of folk art during the colonial period and shows how much of the work produced after independence reflects the interweaving of indigenous craft traditions with European art forms and techniques. Drawing from the renowned collection at the Museum of International Folk Art and other private and public collections in the United States, this book includes religious paintings, sculptures, portable altars, milagros, amulets, and ritual offerings. Traditional hand woven ponchos, mantles, belts, and bags are shown, along with women's skirts, hats, and shawls adapted from the Spanish. Jewellery, wooden trunks, silverwork, majolica ceramics, carved gourds, house blessing ornaments, and toys reveal not only the craftsmanship of the work, but the ways the objects function in everyday life. Also explored are Andean festival cycles Kith lavish costumes and a variety of masks. With over 400 colour photographs, this monumental book provides a window into the rich spirit and culture of the Andeans. Published to coincide with an exhibition to open at the Museum of International Folk Art in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in April 2011.

Topic: Latin American history and culture
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Digital Technologies and Sustainable Procurement in Nigeria: Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency through Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration

This study highlights how multi-stakeholder cooperation and digital technologies can improve the efficiency and transparency of sustainable procurement in Nigeria. Nigeria's SDGs have been hampered by the numerous issues with government procurement brought on by corruption and inefficiency. A quantitative descriptive survey design was used in the study, which involved 341 stakeholders from the public, private, civil society, and community sectors. ANOVA and other descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in the data analysis. The study's conclusions established the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework by showing that digital technologies, particularly e-procurement and data analytics, significantly increase efficiency (Mean = 3.99) and have a high potential for preventing fraud. However, the study found systemic issues include resistance to institutional change, high costs of green procurement, and low stakeholder cooperation (Mean = 2.77). The stringent monitoring system (mean=4.12) and government policies (mean=4.04) were the key facilitators. Good policymaking alone won't produce sustainable procurement results in Nigeria; investments in digital infrastructure, increased regulatory framework enforcement, and inclusive, high-trust multi-stakeholder engagement are essential to bridging the gap between policy and implementation.

Topic: Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences