jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Voting Restrictions and Public Health: An Analysis of State Variation 1996–2020

The study examines the relationship between voting restrictions and public health in the 50 American states. Using a recently developed Cost of Voting Index (COVI) as a surrogate for variance in state electoral climate the research tests for a statistical relationship while controlling for other considerations that notably influence community health outcomes. The research uses the America’s Health Rankings composite indicator of state health as the dependent variable and examines the relationship at seven points of time over a 25-year period (1996–2020). In both bivariate and multivariate tests, a robust relationship is uncovered between the COVI and overall state health. In the bivariate tests, it is possible to see changes in state COVI values, overtime, corresponding with movement in the state public health scores.

Topic: Global Health Care Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with rhabdomyolysis and muscle rupture].

We report a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) development after the ingestion of 960 mg of haloperidol in 18-year old male on the previous long-term neuroleptic treatment. Beside the severe rigidity and laboratory signs of rhabdomyolysis, firm swelling of gluteal and femoral areas, accompanied by pain and difficulty in the extension of the right leg, was noticed. The ultrasonography of the affected limb revealed partial rupture of quadriceps muscle. Since no signs of trauma or any other causes of muscle rupture were observed, we concluded that it developed due to the severe hypertonia and rhabdomyolysis in NMS. As there were no such cases previously reported, we wished to point out the possibility of muscle rupture development in NMS and propose the adequate diagnostic procedures and treatment.

Topic: Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nasoseptal variation in relation to sinusitis. A computerized tomographic evaluation.

Paraseptal structural abnormalities are common in patients with sinusitis. They may coexist with radiographic changes suggestive of sinusitis. Their etiological role in patients with no history of sinus disease is still controversial. In this study, computerized tomographic scan of orbits of 89 cases with no history of sinusitis were reviewed between 1996 and 1998. The incidence of septal deviation, concha bullosa and paradoxical middle turbinates was looked at. Their correlation with sinusitis was analyzed using CM-square statistical method. Results showed that the presence of these anatomical abnormalities is not associated with an increased incidence of sinusitis as shown radiologically. We conclude that the presence of septal deviation or large middle turbine on routine rhinoscopy does not mandate further radiological evaluation of the sinuses in the absence of history of sinusitis.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Service Culture for the Implementation of Community Policing: A Case Study of the Malaysian Police

Although a police service function is a key component of community policing, very few studies on service culture have been conducted, especially in the Royal Malaysian Police which has adopted and practised the concept of community policing since 1979. This study surveyed 297 Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan police officers regarding their attitudes toward the concept of service culture in their police force and the impact service culture has on community policing. Overall, the study's results show that Malaysian police support community policing and believe service culture is part of their police organisation. However, only two of the seven cultural values (internal communication and service orientation) were positively and significantly correlated with commitment to practising community policing. The study recommends proper training on community policing (particularly for police administrators and new recruits) and creation of relevant service culture conducive to the implementation of community policing.

Topic: Policing Practices and Perceptions
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Applying Matching Theory and Preference Ordering to University and Industry Partnerships

We examine network members’ collaboration preferences between and within academic and commercial organizations that are members of a UK-based Knowledge Transfer Network in the plastics electronics sector. By introducing conjoint analysis to innovation studies, we provide insights into the relative importance of various task and partner characteristics of potential collaborations in determining preferences. Research funding is found to be the most important predictor of network members’ preferences to collaborate, but its effect is moderated by firm size, prior experience and the goal of the collaboration. We suggest that the desire to control and diminish both behavioural and outcome uncertainty explains these moderating effects.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Process of Cognitive Liberation: Cultural Synapses, Links, and Frame Contradictions in the U.S.‐Central America Peace Movement*

Based upon qualitative interviews with thirty‐two Central American peace activists, this article elaborates the process of “cognitive liberation” through the application of frame analysis. In addition, I seek to explain the diffusion of this social‐psychological state from Central to North America. Attention is given to the role of the church as a common cultural link that functioned as a micro‐mobilizing context, which provided missionaries who served as “meso‐mobilizing actors.” The term frame contradictions is introduced to specify the condition in which irreconcilable differences between a movement's frame and its opponent's frame are exposed, thereby facilitating frame adoption. I conclude that some type of cultural link is necessary for the development of a common frame that can integrate groups cross‐nationally and that can provide agents of mobilization to serve as a synapse through which frames can be transmitted from one country to another.

Topic: Political Conflict and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Characteristics of practica in early childhood education: variation in criteria for placements and mentor educators

Practicum experiences, a critical feature in educator preparation programs, provide preservice educators opportunities to incorporate theory and practice in classrooms while under the supervision of a mentor educator. Although general descriptions of high-quality practicum experiences are provided by professional organizations and accrediting bodies, state licensing and differences across educator preparation programs contribute to variation in these experiences, which in turn have implications for the early childhood workforce. To provide a data-based understanding of program-level requirements for practicum experiences, the current study collected survey data from 227 early childhood higher education programs across 48 states in the U.S. The survey included questions about practicum placement settings, requirements and additional criteria for practicum placement sites, mentor educator requirements, age of children in the classroom, and intensity of practicum experiences. Results show that higher education programs allow several different types of placements with most programs using public school placements. Types of program and ages of children in the classroom were most frequently reported as required criteria and partnerships and feedback were most frequently reported as additional considerations in the determination of placement sites. Mentor educator education and license criteria varied by the age of the children for the practica. Higher education programs varied in the number and hours of practicum offered with more practicum hours in early elementary, kindergarten, and pre-k classrooms than in infant and toddler classrooms. The variations in characteristics and criteria for practicum placements across educator preparation programs are discussed, including implications for early childhood educator preparation programs and future research.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Electromagnetic emission from pairs of water drops exchanging charge

Laboratory studies of two oppositely charged water drops, each having a radius of 500 μ, a charge of 50×10−12 coul, and falling through air at a pressure of about 1 atm along a trajectory which brings it close to the other drop, indicate that the dipole moment of the pair changes by about 1×10−14 coul m in a time 2τ less than 10−9 sec. The sparklike charge transfer occurs when deformed portions of the drop surfaces become sufficiently close to one another. The change in moment Δp and the time τ are parameters that can be used in estimating a minimum efficiency for conversion of electrostatic energy into radiation. Values for τ less than 1.2×10−12 sec are energetically impossible and correspond to efficiencies greater than 1. An assumed value of 2×10−11 sec for τ is consistent with speeds typical of electronic processes. A swarm of drops, pairs of which at random times discharge so as to produce the minimum radiation consistent with τ = 2 × 10−11 sec and with the approximation that for any given pair no change in the dipole moment occurs outside an interval of duration 2τ, radiates power with a spectral density that peaks at 17 Ghz. Polarized radiation from a single pair of drops has been detected at 10 Ghz. The spectral density in the low-frequency limit is proportional to the square of the frequency ƒ. In this limit the coefficient of proportionality depends on Δp but does not depend on τ or on the exact manner in which the moment p varies with time. Because in the low-frequency limit blackbody radiation is also proportional to ƒ2, radiation from a swarm of discharging drops can be mistaken for thermal radiation. Radiation equivalent in the low-frequency limit to that from a blackbody at a temperature of 650°K, the apparent microwave temperature of Venus at wavelengths between 3 and 30 cm, can be produced by a transparent cloud in which drop-to-drop encounters result in dipole moment changes of 10−14 coul m occurring at a rate of 1.4×106 changes per second per square meter column of cloud lying along the direction of observation.

Topic: Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Geometric Predictions of Scaling at Tricritical Points

The shapes of the three critical lines meeting at a tricritical point are discussed in the light of the homogeneity hypothesis. We give a complete listing of possible shapes consistent with scaling. Certain possible geometries are thereby shown to be inconsistent with scaling. Application of these ideas to the crossover regions is shown to considerably simplify the "metric problem" posed by Riedel.

Topic: Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Statistical Analysis of Recent Naval Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) Single-Depth Human Exposures to 100% Oxygen at Pressure

Using the data from 688 human single-depth hyperbaric oxygen (02) exposures conducted at the Naval Experimental Diving Unit and reported on from 1979-1986, we developed a mathematical model that can predict the risk of developing symptoms of central nervous system 02 toxicity as a function of time and depth of exposure. Maximum likelihood analysis with models relating depth and time of exposure to risk accumulation was used to estimate probability of symptom development and confidence intervals. U.S. Navy single depth-time 02 diving limits were evaluated for safety as a function of actual P02 achieved in the breathing apparatus. These results suggest that current limits are not of equal risk. Long shallow exposures might present unacceptably high risk if an F102 = 1.0 were achieved in the breathing rig. Adherence to current recommended purging procedures results in acceptably low (&lt; 1%) risk predictions for all depths.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Participation of chronic patients in medical consultations: patients' perceived efficacy, barriers and interest in support

Abstract Aims Chronic patients are increasingly expected to participate actively in medical consultations. This study examined (i) patients' perceived efficacy and barriers to participation in consultations, (ii) patients' interest in communication support and (iii) correlates of perceived efficacy and barriers, with an emphasis on differences across providers' disciplines. Methods A representative panel of chronic patients ( n = 1314) filled out the short P erceived E fficacy in P atient‐ P rovider I nteraction scale and were questioned about barriers to participation and interest in communication support. Potential correlates included socio‐demographic (age, sex, education, living situation), clinical (discipline care provider, type of illness, comorbidity, illness duration, functional disabilities, health consultations in last year) and personal characteristics (information preference, health literacy, level of general patient activation). Results Most patients felt efficacious in consultations, although 46% reported barriers to participation and 39% had an interest in support. Barriers most frequently recognized were ‘not wanting to be bothersome’, ‘perception there is too little time’ and ‘remembering subjects only afterwards’. Patients most frequently endorsed relatively simple support. Patients perceived the least barriers and were least likely to endorse support when seeing a nurse. In multivariate models, consistent risk factors for low efficacy and perceived barriers were low health literacy and a low general patient activation. Conclusions Many chronically ill patients feel confident in medical interactions. Still, a significant number might benefit from support. Often this concerned more generally vulnerable patients, that is, the low literate and generally less activated. Relatively simple supportive interventions are likely to be endorsed and might overcome frequent barriers.

Topic: Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A Analysis the influence of threaded pin profiles in friction stir welding by numerical simulation

Currently, the welding industry has made significant contributions in most production fields to meet the needs of people's lives. However, traditional welding methods have disadvantages such as: a large amount of energy consumption, production of many toxic gases that are harmful to the environment and the health of workers. Therefore, the friction stir welding method was introduced from the research of scientists to overcome the above disadvantages. Besides that, it is suitable for welding aluminum alloys and non-ferrous metals with low melting point. This green welding technology has been continuously researched to improve weld quality through two main research models: experiment models and numerical simulation models. Experimental results provide provides the basic mechanical properties of the materials at the weld and the process optimization parameters. It will be the basis to establish a numerical simulation model closest to reality, based on mathematical models and working principles, thereby helping to predict weld quality through prediction of formation defects, temperature distribution with changes in welding process parameters such as time, velocity, material or welding pin profile. In this study, the influence of threaded pin profiles on weld quality of alloy aluminum 7075 -T6 during friction stir welding was investigated by numerical simulation model through ABAQUS software to recommend a new pin profile bringing an efficient welding process. To increase the reliability of this research approach, the numerical simulation results of the temperature distribution are compared with the experimental results obtained from a foreign scientific paper with an average error of 14%. Threaded pin profiles are designed in combination with three cross-sections having different opening angles named TF0, TF30, TF60 and TF90. Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation is applied for this model where the welding tool is Lagrangian domain and workpiece is Eulerian domain. Because material deformation in friction stir welding process is large and related to temperature, the elastic-plastic Johnson-Cook model is used for workpiece. Results of this research shows a new pin profile named TF60 which it gives the best weld quality of the four configurations of the pin tool examined in this study through evaluating temperature distribution and predicting weld defect formation.

Topic: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Reflectance for an approximately one-dimensional rough surface that has rms roughness greater than a wavelength&lt;/title&gt;

A relation between the intensity reflectances of approximately one-dimensional and one-dimensional rough surfaces within the diffraction solid angle in the specular direction for normal incidence is derived for an rms roughness greater than a wavelength. The relation shows that the reflectance of an approximately one-dimensional rough surface is proportional to the reflectance of a one-dimension rough surface. The validity of the derived relation is studied for an approximately one-dimensional rough steel surface with an rms roughness of 1.3 μm and a correlation length of 15.2 μm. The wavelength was 0.6328 μm and the angle of incidence was 4°. The reflectance of the rough steel surface was measured and estimated from the derived relation. Satisfactory agreement was found between the estimated and measured reflectance values.

Topic: Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open questions about the farmlands’ biodiversity preservation in the cities’ peripheries – a Wrocław case (Poland)

One of the necessary conditions for sustainable development is maintaining and developing environmental resources. The paper presents and discusses the idea that the field woods in the cities’ agricultural periphery, understood as habitats and not only a collection of trees, should be preserved and managed as a formal element of urban green infrastructure (GI). According to the authors, they should be seen as a great connecting element between urban green and the semi-natural areas outside. Even assuming the future land use transformation, it is worth preserving them from degradation just now. They play a role in protecting natural resources and the functions of ecosystems, expected from elements of GI, as they are a source of dispersion of various species of plants and animals benefit both for agricultural areas located further and for greenery in built-up areas. Using the authors’ own research on the farmland area situated within Wrocław administrative borders, and available literature, the following issues were considered: 1) the geographic and topographic characteristics of field woods, 2) evaluation of the role of field woods studied for the local biodiversity, 3) the risk factors for the degradation or disappearance of field woods and their biodiversity, 4) the legal regulations concerning the protection of field woods in Poland. Some legal and practical solutions are suggested.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Maduro retrenches as Guaido struggles in Venezuela

Subject Political and economic retrenchment. Significance As opposition ‘interim president’ Juan Guaido faces a fretful run into his January 5 re-election as National Assembly president, incumbent President Nicolas Maduro is overseeing an informal liberalisation of the economy and exploring private investment and bond repayment options. Impacts In coming weeks Guaido’s supporters will lobby National Assembly members to ensure he is re-elected president of the Assembly. Maduro will focus on getting the right team and policy message together for his New Year address and potential period of policy shift. Negotiations look like the only serious way ahead for the opposition as National Assembly elections approach.

Topic: Cultural and political discourse analysis
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The explanatory power of the market model: an international comparison

The various published studies of the market model and the capital asset pricing model are examined, with the objective of seeing if any pattern emerges in terms of its explanatory power (r 2), and the various circumstances specific to each study. Several factors are identified as being associated with high values of r 2in these studies.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Midline cleft of the upper and lower lips

ABSTRACT Midline clefts of both upper and lower lip are extremely uncommon. Couronne reported the first case in 1819, and fewer than 80 cases have been discovered in the literature to date. The incidence is about 1:1,000,000 births. This case report describes a 5-year-old male boy having midline cleft of the upper and lower lip and cheiloplasty done by local advancement flap.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Economic Independence of Younger Generations and Influential Factors

The aim of this study was to investigate the state of economic independence of Korean adolescents and young adults, and to explore potential factors that affect their independence. We surveyed 221 high school students on their economic independence and potential influencing factors (e.g. demographics, family relationships, economic satisfaction, etc.). The states of economic independence were divided into four stages; Stage 1 (strong), Stage 2 (average), Stage 3 (weak), and Stage 4 (very weak). We also analyzed big data from 116,797 young adults on their economic activity, based on a population survey provided by the Korea National Statistical Office. Among 221 survey respondents, 33.0% were classified as Stage 1, 22.6% as Stage 2, 29.9% as Stage 3, and 14.5% as Stage 4 of economic independence. Gender and age were statistically significant characteristics that relate to economic independence (P 0.05). The most common reason that students wanted to become economically independent was that they did not want to burden their families (57%). The data on the economic activity of young adults showed that long-term unemployment rates were higher for females and for younger ages than for other groups. Gender and age were factors that influenced both the economic independence of high school students and economic activity of young adults. Having a stronger will to become independent from an earlier age may have a positive effect on the economic activity of young adults.

Topic: Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences