jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing Adult Medicine Specialists Using Multisource Feedback: A Longitudinal Study

The Physician Achievement Review is a multisource feedback program of practicing physicians that intends to assess a wide range of professional competencies. This longitudinal study focused on the reliability and validity of the PAR assessment in a large sample of adult medicine specialists (n = 404). Scores on all surveys were high and negatively skewed. All surveys had high internal consistency reliability and moderate generalizability. The three to four factor solutions proposed at Iteration 1 provided for moderate model fit using confirmatory factor analysis at Iteration 2. Scores increased over time, but the effect sizes were small to moderate. There was little or no correlation between self-assessment and medical colleagues on corresponding attributes. Future research should focus on decreasing score inflation, improving the internal structure of the surveys, and understanding factors that influence score improvements over time.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“WE NEED CHARACTER!”: Remembering Alexander Crummell’s Appeal to Postbellum African Americans

The following article offers a study and reassessment of the controversial figure of Alexander Crummell, an African American leader whose influence has been neglected by most scholars. His postbellum ideas on the advancement of black people influenced some of his contemporaries like Booker T. Washington and even later leaders such as W. E. B. DuBois. The article also offers an interpretation of two of Crummell’s most famous speeches on the future of his race, which suggest possible solutions to the tensions and problems experienced by his people after the end of the Civil War.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessing the Need for a Structured Nutrition Curriculum in a Primary Care Residency Program

<b>Background:</b> Given the epidemic of diet-related illnesses, medical training regarding nutrition counseling is not fully known. Historically, there is a lack of formalized nutrition training in both medical school and residency programs.<b>Objective:</b> This study surveyed a group of family medicine residents to elicit previous nutrition education and outlook on nutrition counseling. A measure of resident attitudes toward nutrition education and comfort with relaying nutrition education to patients was conducted.<b>Design:</b> A validated, self-administered questionnaire was administered. The survey was composed of 32 questions with yes/no or Likert scale response.<b>Participants and setting:</b> Participants were 30 family medicine residents in the final quarter of their individual postgraduate year of training (PGY1-3). A total of 23 residents electively responded.<b>Results:</b> The majority surveyed conveyed nutrition education in routine care is important in a physician-patient relationship. Except in diabetes, the overwhelming majority reported they were not adequately trained to give nutrition education in specific disease states. The group was not familiar with types of diets, the role of fatty acids, or the impact of specific vitamins on health.<b>Conclusions:</b> The data from this survey indicate a need for formalized nutrition education in primary care training. From the survey data results, the next steps include building a nutrition curriculum to be implemented in the residency program and potentially set a standard for nutrition education in the North Carolina region and beyond.

Topic: Obesity and Health Practices
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Has River use in the Mississippi River Basin changed Following the Invasion of Asian Carp

Abstract \nInvasive bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) are two federally injurious fishes, commonly referred to as Asian carp, found in the Mississippi River Basin. We hypothesized that silver carp, in particular, may negatively influence river users due to their tendency to leap from the water when startled. We tested whether Asian carp have influenced stakeholder use in a low fish density Mississippi River city and three high fish density cities of the Illinois River between June 2010 and July 2011 using intercept surveys. Our response rate was 39 %. Our results suggest that most respondents use these rivers for recreational purposes. Boating, swimming, and aesthetic uses of the Illinois River changed between 2010 and 2011. Nearly three quarters of Illinois River town users who have observed an Asian carp jump have been hit by one. Our findings may help susceptible river towns prepare for social, cultural, and economic changes due to these invasive fishes.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Object languages in a type-theoretic meta-framework.

. This paper concerns techniques for providing a convenient syntax for object languages implemented via a type-theoretic Logical Framework, and reports on work in progress. We first motivate the need for a type-theoretic logical framework. Firstly, we take the logical framework seriously as a meta-language for implementing object languages (including object type theories). Another reason is the goal of building domain-specific reasoning tools which are implemented using type theory technology but do not require great expertise in type theory to use productively. We then present several examples of bi-directional translations between an encoding in the framework language and a more convenient syntax. The paper ends by discussing several techniques for implementing the translations and properties that we may require for the translation. Coercive subtyping is shown to help in the translation. 1

Topic: Logic, programming, and type systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Cathepsin B Inhibitor, z-FA-FMK, Inhibits Human T Cell Proliferation In Vitro and Modulates Host Response to Pneumococcal Infection In Vivo

Abstract The cathepsin B inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-phenyl-alanyl-fluoromethylketone (z-FA-FMK) at nontoxic doses was found to be immunosuppressive and repressed human T cell proliferation induced by mitogens and IL-2 in vitro. We showed that z-FA-FMK suppresses the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ as well as the expression of IL-2R α-chain (CD25) in activated T cells, whereas the expression of the early activated T cell marker, CD69, was unaffected. Furthermore, z-FA-FMK blocks NF-κB activation, inhibits T cell blast formation, and prevents cells from entering and leaving the cell cycle. z-FA-FMK inhibits the processing of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to their respective subunits in resting T cells stimulated through the Ag receptor, but has no effect on the activation of these caspases during Fas-induced apoptosis in proliferating T cells. When administered in vivo, z-FA-FMK significantly increased pneumococcal growth in both lungs and blood, compared with controls, in a mouse model of intranasal pneumococcal infection. Because host response to bronchopneumonia in mice is T cell dependent, our collective results demonstrated that z-FA-FMK is immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Amplitude modulation of audible sounds by non-audible sounds: Understanding the effects of wind turbine noise

Our research has suggested a number of mechanisms by which low-frequency noise could bother individuals living near wind turbines: causing endolymphatic hydrops, exciting subconscious pathways, and amplitude modulation of audible sounds. Here we focus on the latter mechanism, amplitude modulation. We measured single-auditory-nerve fiber responses to probe tones at their characteristic frequency in cats. A 50 Hz tone, which did not cause an increase in spontaneous firing rate (i.e., was not audible to the fiber when presented alone) was used to amplitude modulate responses to the probe tone. We found that as probe frequency decreased, a lower level of the low-frequency non-audible tone was needed to achieve criterion amplitude modulation. In other words, low-frequencies that are coded in the cochlear apex require less low-frequency sound pressure level to be amplitude modulated as compared to higher-frequencies that are coded in the cochlear base. This finding was validated, and extended to lower frequencies, by amplitude modulating gross measures of onset-synchronous (compound action potentials) and phase-synchronous (auditory nerve overlapped waveforms) in guinea pigs. Our results suggest that that infrasound generated by wind turbines may cause amplitude modulation of audible sounds, which is often the basis for complaints from those living near wind turbines.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Craniopharyngioma in adults].

Initial signs of a craniopharyngioma in a 58 years old woman were a decrease in visual acuity and suppression of the pupillary light reflex. Perimetric signs were: left: central scotoma with an inferior temporal defect of the peripheral field; right: superior temporal field defect. The CT scan showed an intrasellar tumor, extending into the suprasellar region, isodensity of the tumor being the main finding. The radiological diagnosis was adenoma, but all the perimetric defects disappeared spontaneously, and the post-operative diagnosis was craniopharyngioma. Variations of the visual field defect are one of the most typical signs of craniopharyngioma, and absence of calcification, with isodensity of the tumor on the CT scan may lead to a mistaken.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Virtual-Class: An adaptive Gadget Integration Platform

Here in this paper we proposed a virtual class environment by applying off the shelf cot integration methodologies in a traditional classroom, the model we proposed helps to remove the boundaries between tele-education and physical classroom activities in terms of the teacher’s experience and seamlessly integrates these two currently separate educational practices. More specifically, we replace the legacy desktop based tele education system. Hence the teachers are not opting to mouse and keyboards than marker and whiteboard. In the proposed model, teachers can use multiple traditional approaches while interacting with students who are available on virtual class.

Topic: IoT-based Smart Home Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Confrontation: The Library and THOSE Magazines

Within the last few years a large number of magazines and magazine-like publications have come slowly but forcefully to the at tention of librarians and libraries. Only a short time ago librarians were wondering (and some still are) what to do about such daring publications as Esquire and Playboy. Esquire has since attained the respectability of being indexed in Reader's Guide to Periodical Lit erature, and Playboy has become another establishment exploiter, its clubs picketed by angry and militant Women's Liberation groups. Now it is Berkeley Barb, East Village Other, Black Panther, The Realist, Ramparts, Amer ican Opinion, Human Events, and a host of others representing a broad range of positions and interests which perplex librarians. While many librarians remain uncertain and ignorant about (and some even hostile toward) this genre of publishing, a number of perceptive and informative articles on the dissident press have appeared in library and general periodicals. Two recent books?Bill Katz's Magazines for Libraries (1969) and Robert B. Muller's From Radical Left to Ex treme Right, 2d ed. (1970)?deal with maga zines of controversy and dissent. Katz discusses them under three categories, Little, Dis sident, and Literary and Political, while Muller's work is entirely devoted to this type of magazine. Jesse Kornbluth's Notes from the New Underground (1968) is an anthol ogy of articles from various underground pa pers and magazines which will give librarians and the public at least a sampling of the contents of some of these. Robert J. Glessing's The Underground Press in America (Indiana Univ. Press, 1970) is a serious attempt to analyze the whole phenomenon of the under ground press?editing, writing, distribution, and its sociological background and implica tions. Aside from these four books, however, the bulk of the writings on controversial and dissident publications will be found in period icals, mainly library journals. The annotated bibliography following this essay is an attempt to pull together for the li brarian a number of excellent but scattered writings on the dissident press. Some of the articles themselves are annotated bibliogra phies, and the reader should not be surprised to find a certain amount of repetition from list to list. While the ideal way to become acquainted with magazines (as well as books and other materials) is to see regularly as many as possible, many librarians are not able to do this. Katz's book, essential for nearly all libraries, will go far in aiding the librarian in the selection of all types of magazines. However, a more intensive, at times even partisan treatment of controversi al magazines is sometimes a more effective means of presenting them. Accordingly, the list below includes objective and balanced ar ticles as well as several which are frankly sym

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cloning and Expression of .BETA.-Fructofuranosidase Gene from Arthrobacter sp. K-1.

A gene encoding an extracellular β-fructofuranosidase (β-FFase), designated bff A, was clonedfrom the chromosomal DNA of Arthrobacter sp. K-1, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The putativebff A consisted of 1734 by encoding β-FFase of 578 amino acids. Comparison of the DNA sequencedata with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme indicated the presenceof a precursor protein with a signal sequence of 36 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence ofthe β-FFase demonstrated a high degree of homology with that of levansucrase from Acetobacterdiazotrophicus. The N-terminal amino acid sequence and some enzymatic properties of the recombinantenzyme were identical to those of the native enzyme.

Topic: Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF MASSIVE DOSES OF IRON GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY TO PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

Abstract Massive doses of iron (from 0.608 to 1.32 Gm. as colloidal terric hydroxide or colloidal ferric oxide) were given intravenously in single infusions to 8 different patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia. One patient was given a second injection after an interval of four months, so that nine administrations were made. The following observations were made: 1. The reticulocyte response was higher in each instance than would be expected in oral therapy. In 3 additional patients in whom injection had to be discontinued after 0.070, 0.180, and 0.123 Gm. of elemental iron had respectively been given, the reticulocyte rises were higher than were the average responses reported by Heath18 after optimal oral therapy. This at least suggests that "optimal" oral therapy does not provide a maximal stimulus to outpouring of reticulocytes from the bone marrow. Comparable doses of iron given to 3 control subjects with normal hemoglobin levels did not cause a reticulocytosis. 2. The average rate of hemoglobin regeneration per 100 cc. of blood per day was 0.224 Gm.; the lowest value was 0.16 Gm. and the highest 0.27 Gm. These figures were calculated for the rise that occurred from the day of iron administration to the time at which the rate of hemoglobin increase was obviously becoming slower. Since correction was not made for blood loss in 3 of the patients during the period of regeneration, the figures for the rate of hemoglobin formation are lower than they otherwise would have been. Even so they are distinctly greater than those usually obtained following oral therapy (table 2), but no greater than is found in an occasional patient given iron by mouth. The data suggest that the fastest rate of hemoglobin regeneration that can be stimulated by iron in subjects with hypochromic anemia approximates 0.3 Gm. per 100 cc. per day. 3. Calculations indicated that from 71.8 to 99.7 per cent of the injected iron was apparently used for the synthesis of hemoglobin. These figures are likewise lower than they would have been if several of the patients had not lost blood during the recovery period. The observation of other workers that parenterally administered iron is almost completely retained by the body and converted into hemoglobin was therefore confirmed. 4. Toxic reactions to the injected iron are described in detail. They were severe in all but two instances, and in 3 patients were so alarming that injection of iron had to be discontinued. There can be no doubt that the reactions to iron parenterally administered in large doses are great enough to contra-indicate use of this measure as a therapeutic procedure.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Temperature-Corrected Quartz-Crystal Microbalance for Real-Time Film Thickness Monitoring in Vacuum Evaporation

For a quartz-crystal microbalance system without thermocouples for monitoring thin film thickness, a computational method which corrects for the temperature variation in the quartz crystal is presented. This correction method eliminates the need for pipes and electrical wires, simplifying the conventional system. To avoid the use of electrical wires, both a laser diode and a microlens were used to transmit the signal of the change of resonant frequency of the quartz crystal. Using a 4.2 MHz resonant AT-cut quartz-crystal plate, the error in the measurement of Ti film thickness was &lt;3.0% under the conditions of deposition time &lt;230 s and the quartz-crystal temperature &lt;160° C.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patient Reported Outcomes of Pastoral Care in a Hospital Setting

This study aimed to establish whether Pastoral Care (PC) visits were an effective component of a hospitalized patient's overall health experience. Outcomes of PC visits were reported by 369 patients in 7 sites across Australia. The patient reported outcomes of PC visits included: the patients felt they could be honest with themselves, with a sense of peace, a better perspective of their illness, less anxiety, and felt more in control. Five factors of the PC visit significantly related to higher patient's overall outcomes: (a) having more Pastoral Care visits (<i>p</i> < 0.5 0 R 0.778, CI 0.17-1.38); (b) the patient was able to talk about what was on their mind (<i>p</i> < 0.01, OR1.48, CI 0.58-2.37); (c) they had something to be hopeful about (<i>p</i> < 0.01 OR1.18, CI 0.51-1.85); 4); the visit focused on decisions about the patient's health care (<i>p</i> < 0.05, OR0.70, CI 0.05-1.35); and (d) a belief in God/Higher Being (<i>p</i> < 0.01, OR 1.01, CI 0.43-1.71).

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Signal Integrity and Timing Issues of VME64x Double Edge Cycles

The double-edge source synchronous block transfer (2eSST) is the latest performance update to the VME64 protocol, approved as an ANSI standard in 2003. This extension has taken the VME's data transfer rate from the original 40 MByte/s to 320 MByte/s. The architectural turning at the base of such an impressive step forward is two-fold. Different from all the previous cycles, data transfers are driven synchronously by the producer, without handshaking, and data is latched on both the rising and falling edges of the strobe signal. The double edge clocking effectively doubles the bandwidth and it is normally present on PC motherboards equipped with double data rate RAM chips and high-performance graphic adapters. In these applications, a careful approach to signal integrity has shown to be critical in order to avoid timing violations. In parallel, multidrop bus architecture with long lines and up to 21 slots, these concerns become imperative for successful operations. In this paper we present the tests performed on 2eSST. The Motorola MVME6100 and a custom designed board have been used to characterize the timing with different bus loading conditions and to evaluate the impact of different layout choices. Driving capability and crosstalk immunity of enhanced transceivers specifically developed for 2eSST and traditional components are eventually compared.

Topic: Particle Detector Development and Performance
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunopathogenesis of Orthopoxviridae: Insights into Immunology from Smallpox to Monkeypox (Mpox)

Since 2019, notable global viral outbreaks have occurred necessitating further research and healthcare system investigations. Following the COVID&amp;mdash;19 pandemic, an unexpected duality has occurred of SARS&amp;ndash;CoV&amp;ndash;2 and monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections. Monkeypox virus is of the Orthopoxviridae genus, belonging to the family Poxviridae. Zoonotic transmission (animal to human transmission) may occur. The Orthopoxviridae genus includes other Orthopoxviruses (OPXV) present in animal host reservoirs that include cowpox viruses (CPXV), vaccinia virus (VACV) and variola virus (VARV), with the latter being causal agent of smallpox and excessive mortality. The aim in this review is to present facts about MPXV specific pathogenesis, epidemiology, and immunology alongside historical perspectives. Monkeypox virus was rarely reported outside Africa before April 2000. Early research since 1796 contributed towards eradication of VARV leading to immunisation strategies. The World Health Organisation (WHO) announcement that VARV had been eradicated was confirmed in 1980. On the 23rd of July 2022, the WHO announced MPXV as a health emergency. Therefore, concern due to propagation of MPXV causing MPOX disease requires clarity. Infected hosts display symptoms like extensive cellular initiated rashes and lesions. Infection with MPXV makes it difficult to differentiate from other diseases or skin conditions. Anti&amp;ndash;viral therapeutic drugs were typically prescribed for smallpox and MPOX disease; however, the molecular and immunological mechanisms with cellular changes remain of interest. Furthermore, no official authorised treatment exists for MPOX disease. Some humans across the globe may be considered at risk. Historically, presenting symptoms of MPOX resemble other viral diseases. Symptoms include rashes or lesions like Streptococcus, but also human herpes viruses (HHV) including Varicella zoster (VZV).

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences