jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methionine Dependence in Skin Fibroblasts of Humans Affected With Familial Colon Cancer or Gardner's Syndrome2

Reduced growth in methionine-deficient, homocysteine-, folic acid-, and vitamin B12-supplemented medium, a characteristic of tumor and transformed cell lines, was investigated in skin fibroblasts of patients affected with hereditary colon neoplasms. The presence or absence of this phenotype was studied in 37 cell lines from either low-risk subjects or members of families with Gardner's syndrome (GS) or familial colon cancer (FCC). Growth constants of skin fibroblasts of the low-risk group were not significantly different in the presence of methionine (Kme) or absence of methionine (Kho) (0.106 +/- 0.011 and 0.098 +/- 0.011, respectively). However, growth constants of skin fibroblasts of both GS and FCC were significantly reduced in the absence of methionine. In GS, Kho = 0.086 +/- 0.006 and Kme = 0.120 +/- 0.006 (P less than .01). In FCC, Kho = 0.048 +/- 0.007 and Kme = 0.084 +/- 0.009 (P less than .01). Thus the growth of skin fibroblasts from both GS and FCC was methionine dependent. This phenotype was expressed in skin fibroblasts of an individual several years before any clinical manifestation of GS. In all populations studied the phenotype was independent of the age or sex of the individuals, aging of the cell lines, low serum concentration, and acute carcinogen treatment. In addition, there is a significant correlation (r = -0.85, P less than .001) between the disorganization of actin cables of the skin fibroblasts and the ratio of the growth constants. These data constitute the first report demonstrating methionine dependence in cell lines that are not derived from transformed cells, tumor cells, or fetal cells but are derived from skin fibroblasts of patients with hereditary colonic neoplasms. Inasmuch as these cells are not target cells related to colon cancer, the phenotype appears to be the expression of an inherited autosomal dominant genotype related to the oncogenic transformation.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Firth global symposium on research of healthcare système, Liverpool (United Kingdom), October 8-12, 2018.

The most recent international symposium on research on healthcare systems took place in Liverpool in October, 2018. Its theme was the promotion of healthcare systems for all in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals. This biennial event is the occasion to bring together all the players in this domain- researchers, policy-makers, and field workers - to share the newest work. Numerous subjects were raised, some of them mentioned in the article: quality of care in healthcare systems through the necessary improvement in the practices of professionals, the issues of scaling up health interventions, mobilization of knowledge for the development of public policy, and the role of the private sector. Although this field has developed greatly over the past 20 years and has become central in both development aide and international health, it remains relatively little known in the French-speaking world and France is largely absent from it.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Bionic Artificial Skin Based on Self‐Healable Ionogel Composites with Tailored Mechanics and Robust Interfaces

Abstract Bionic artificial skin which imitates the features and functions of human skin, has broad applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces. However, equipping artificial materials with skin‐like mechanical properties, self‐healing ability, and high sensitivity remains challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of human skin, an artificial skin based on ionogel composites with tailored mechanical properties and robust interface is prepared. Combining finite element analysis and direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology, an ionogel composite with a rigid skeleton and an ionogel matrix is precisely designed and fabricated, realizing the mechanical anisotropy and nonlinear mechanical response that accurately mimic human skin. Robust interface is created through co‐curing of the skeleton and matrix resins, significantly enhancing the stability of the composite. The realization of self‐healing ability and resistance to crack growth further ensure the remarkable durability of the artificial skin for sensing application. In summary, the bionic artificial skin mimics the characteristics of human skin, including mechanical anisotropy, nonlinear mechanical response, self‐healing capability, durability and high sensitivity when applied as flexible sensors. These strategies provide strong support for the fabrication of tissue‐like materials with adaptive mechanical behaviors.

Topic: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Amebic Choroidosis

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 1936 the French ophthalmologist, Toulant, wrote "<i>L'amibiase oculaire existe-t-elle?</i>"<sup>1</sup>His skepticism seems justified by the tremendous variety of ocular manifestations attributed to amebiasis in the literature. Basquis<sup>2</sup>in 1930 summarized 108 case reports of ocular amebiasis from the literature, only four of which exhibited choroidopathy. Varas Samaniego<sup>3</sup>reported the first successfully treated case of ocular amebiasis. Harris and Birch<sup>4</sup>attributed a case of bilateral granulomatous uveitis to amebiasis. Braley and Hamilton<sup>5</sup>defined a specific posterior polar choroidosis associated with amebiasis which responded to antiamebic therapy. Eggers<sup>8</sup>presented a case similar to those of Braley and Hamilton. During one year, we studied at the Wills Eye Hospital five cases that seem to represent amebic choroidosis. These cases of this potentially reversible cause of posterior polar retinal dysfunction are presented covering their clinical characteristics, diagnostic tests, therapeutic routine, and results. <h3>Diagnostic Criteria</h3> The diagnoses

Topic: Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Communicative Construction of Reality and Sequential Analysis. A Personal Reminiscence

This paper presents a historical view of the emergence of what is known as the communicative paradigm. Through a personal reminiscence of his long career, Thomas Luckmann entangles the main sources of what was a radical shift of the role of language and communication in the humanities and social sciences. In doing so, Luckmann shows that the epistemological and ontological assumptions on which the contemporary study of social interaction and communicative processes rely were practically non-existent half a century ago. While sociology and linguistics seemed to exist in separate universes during Luckmann’s student days, a dialogical approach to language and social life eventually appeared — for example, in ethnomethodology, conversational analysis and French structuralism — and laid the foundation to the (today taken for granted) idea that social realities are the result of human activities. Human social reality and the worldview that motivates and guides interaction are mainly constructed in communicative processes. If social reality is constructed in communicative interaction our most reliable knowledge of that reality comes from reconstructions of these processes. Such reconstructions have been greatly facilitated by technological innovation, such as tape— and video-recorder, which, alongside theoretical advancements, may explain the timing of the communicative turn. Finally, this paper marks the benefits of sequential analysis in enabling us to trace step-by-step the processes by which social reality is constructed and reconstructed.

Topic: Linguistic research and analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of Visual Field Testing on Intraocular Pressure Change Trends in Healthy People and Glaucoma Patients

Purpose . To compare the impact of visual field (VF) testing on intraocular pressure (IOP) change trends between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. Methods . We recruited healthy volunteer subjects who did not have previous ocular diseases and open-angle glaucoma patients who were medically controlled well. IOP in both eyes of each participant was measured by using a noncontact tonometer at five time points: before, immediately after (0 minute), and 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the standard automated perimetry. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of VF testing on IOP change trends in healthy and glaucoma eyes. Results . Forty healthy subjects (80 eyes) and 31 open-angle glaucoma patients (62 eyes) were included for the study. The baseline IOP of healthy and glaucoma eyes was 16.11 ± 3.01 mmHg and 15.78 ± 3.57 mmHg, respectively. After the VF testing, the IOP in healthy eyes was decreased by 1.5% at 0 minute, 6.5% at 10 minutes (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>), 6.6% at 30 minutes (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>), and 7.0% at 1 hour (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>), indicating that this reduction was sustained for at least 1 hour. However, the IOP in glaucoma eyes was increased by 12.7% at 0 minute (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) and, then, returned towards initial values 1 hour after the VF testing. Conclusions . IOP change trends after VF field testing between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients were quite different. VF testing led to a mild and relatively sustained IOP decrease in healthy subjects, whereas IOP in open-angle glaucoma patients tended to significantly increase immediately after VF testing and, then, returned to pretest values after 1 hour. These findings indicate that the factors of VF testing should be considered in the clinical IOP measurements.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical presentations of viral and parasitic diseases in HIV infection

Представлений аналіз залежності клінічних проявів інфекцій вірусної і паразитарної етіології на тлі ВІЛ-інфекції від рівня CD4-лімфоцитів. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26618

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phylogeny of noctuoidmoths and the utility of combining independent nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Systematic Biology 43

Abstract.—Phylogenies based on single genes can be discordant with organismal phylogenies. One solution to this problem is to sequence independent genes and combine the data in phy-logeny estimates. The mitochondrial gene ND1 was sequenced for representative noctuoid moths to complement a nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) data set. Before combining the two data sets, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data were analyzed under different assumptions of character treatment (unweighted sites, transversion parsimony, third codon site omitted). Although the-oretical justifications exist for differentially weighting transversions and codon sites, these ap-proaches did not improve our phylogeny estimates of noctuoid relationships based on only the mtDNA sequences. However, the contribution of the relatively small (25 % of total data) but independent nuclear rRNA data set had a substantial impact on our analysis. The trees produced from the combined data do not support the monophyly of the largest family, the cutworms (Noctuidae). We suggest that cutworms are a grade rather than a clade in the superfamily. We mapped the replacement pathways of the ND1 amino acids using transformation series analysis and the most robust noctuoid tree. The resulting cladogram characters show that different amino acid replacement pathways exist for the same set of amino acid residues at different positions

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Urban Agriculture and Household Welfare: Evidence from Hossana Town, Ethiopia

Background: Urban Agriculture plays a very important role in decreasing hunger and poverty contributing towards sustainable food production and promoting the integration of environmental values in development.Despite its significant role in fulfilling the basic demand of low-income families, however, it continues to get far less attention and lacks the rightful place among policy-makers, urban planners, and authorities.We analyze households' participation in urban agriculture and its effect on household welfare in Southern Ethiopia using cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 176 households in Hossana Town.Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and propensity score matching techniques were used for data analysis.Results: The results revealed that participation in urban agriculture was higher for households with older and female heads and was associated with higher level of nonfarm earnings compared to nonparticipation, with the difference being statistically significant at 5%.On the other hand participating families had a significantly fewer family members, lower access to credit, extension services, and decreased supply of improved input than their non-participating counterparts.Participation was also found to be associated with smaller land ownership and lower access to water, the differences being significant at 5%.Indeed, results of the binary logistic regression indicated that access to credit, access to extension services, access to improved inputs, household size, access to water except income from other sources were important factors significantly enhance participation in urban agriculture practice in Hossana Town.On other hand, propensity score matching model showed that urban agriculture has a positive significant impact on poverty reduction.It was indicated by using two proxy of urban household poverty status (wellbeing) that is consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and asset building per capita.Conclusion: The results indicates that urban agriculture is constrained by a number of factors among which access to credit, access to extension services, access to improved inputs, household size and non-farm income were the major ones.. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that participation in urban agriculture has a significant positive impact on consumption expenditure per adult equivalent.This indicates the direct role of participation in urban farming on improving household welfare.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spontaneous diploidization of the maternal chromosome set in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) eggs

Spontaneous diploidization of the maternal chromosome set (SDM) in Oreochromis niloticus is described here for the first time. The SDM phenomenon was observed in progeny of only one XY neofemale out of 11 such neofemales from which eggs had been fertilized with UV-irradiated sperm: this treatment produced only the expected haploid embryos from the other females. SDM progeny were produced from three different batches of eggs from this female. No significant differences in survival at different stages of embryonic development were observed between the SDM and the diploid control group. The maternal inheritance of SDM progeny was verified using multilocus DNA fingerprinting. Only diploid karyotypes were observed in these fish and diploid control groups. In both the SDM and control groups, sex ratios were significantly skewed towards males (93.3% and 65.0% males respectively). The actual mechanism of SDM in eggs from this particular female remains unknown.

Topic: Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Use of reconstructed Sendai virus envelopes for the microinjection of proteins into monolayer cells].

It has been shown that biological microinjection, that is, fusion of protein-charged human erythrocytes with monolayer cells may be achieved by means of reconstructed Sendai virus consisting of envelope structures but devoid of nucleoid. Sendai virion envelopes reconstructed by dialysis possessed no infectivity, interferon-inducing, or interfering activities. The use of 125I-IgG demonstrated that erythrocytes are loaded with protein by 35%-40% and that each of the monolayer L929 cells is fused on the average with 4 loaded erythrocytes.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
KISSPEPTIN SYSTEM: A Multi-Homeostatic System

The last decades have witnessed an upsurge of neuropeptides research.These substances regulate or influence various functions in the body like appetite, water intake, learning and memory, adaptive responses to environmental stress, thermoregulation and fever, social behaviour, and sleep.Kisspeptin (formerly known as metastin) is a protein that is encoded by the KISS1 gene in the Anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and Arcuate nucleus (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus which was originally discovered in 1996 by Lee and Welch while conducting oncology research at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.It couple to G-protein receptor ligand for (GPR54) G-protein receptor 54 (Messager et al, 2005).It is found to play many important physiological roles which include: initiation of puberty, anti-oxidative effect, regulation of prolactin release, glucose homeostasis, role in nutrition status and fertility, role in pregnancy, increases sensitivity of chemoreceptors on type 2 carotid bodies, anti-metastatic effect, hot flushes in post-menopausal women.Kisspeptins are so named because the arginine-phenylalanine residues are present at the amino terminal "Arg-Phe-NH2"; all of the kisspeptin fragments have a C-terminal decapeptide that is critical for biological activity (Clements et al, 2001;Kotani et al, 2001). II.

Topic: Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the pharyngeal flora of patients with acute pharyngitis].

The results of this study indicate that production of beta-lactamase by pharyngeal organisms does not fully explain the failures of penicillin therapy for acute streptococcal pharyngitis.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Remote Sensing and Modeling LENA2006.

Quantifying sources and sinks of climatological relevant trace gases as well as understanding their exchange between atmosphere and land surfaces has become essential research topics in atmospheric sciences during the last years. High latitude ecosystems are most critically influenced by a changing climate. Modeling the terrestrial carbon cycle - net CO2 uptake by vegetation (Net Primary Productivity, NPP) as well as methane emissions from natural wetlands – is a powerful tool to study the impact of climate change. Uncertainties in the carbon budget of arctic ecosystems remain partly due to difficulties in assessing the spatially and temporally highly variable methane emissions of permafrost soils.

Topic: Climate change and permafrost
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Depression and associated factors among geriatric population in Moshi district council, Northern Tanzania

Nearly one in every two elders had geriatric depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were associated with self-reported history of cognitive impairment and availability of social support. We recommend community screening, awareness creation, and social support interventions for early identification and management of depressive symptoms in this population.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Samenvatting van de standaard 'Osteoporose' van het Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap

The Dutch College of General Practitioners issued a standard 'Osteoporosis' with guidelines for prevention, diagnosis and treatment in patients who have a (probably) osteoporotic fracture, who are taking at least 7.5 mg corticosteroids per day for at least six months or who have questions about osteoporosis. - The core of the management is information about lifestyle (stimulation of physical activity) and nutrition. Prevention of falling is to be stimulated; sedatives, excessive drinking and smoking are to be discouraged. - Persons who cannot achieve a calcium intake of 500 mg/day, patients with osteoporotic fractures and takers of biphosphonates or corticosteroids whose calcium intake is insufficient are eligible for calcium suppletion. - In patients with (probably) osteoporotic fractures and those taking 7.5 mg corticosteroids per day for longer than six months preventive treatment may be considered with alendronic acid for a maximum of 3 years, if several vertebral fractures are visible roentgenologically, the T score is &lt; -2.5 (if age &lt; 70 years) or the Z score &lt; -1.0 (&gt; 70 years).

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Mutations in the Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3'(+)42 Protein Binding Element on RNA Replication

The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome's 3′ untranslated region contains cis-acting sequences necessary for replication. Studies of MHV and other coronaviruses have indicated a role for RNA secondary and tertiary elements in replication. Previous work in our laboratory has identified four proteins which form ribonucleoprotein complexes with the 3′-terminal 42 nucleotides [3′(+)42] of the MHV genome. Defective interfering (DI) RNA replication assays have demonstrated a role for the 3′(+)42 host protein binding element in the MHV life cycle. Using gel mobility shift RNase T1 protection assays and secondary structure modeling, we have characterized a possible role for RNA secondary structure in host protein binding to the 3′-terminal 42-nucleotide element. Additionally we have identified a role for the 3′-terminal 42-nucleotide host protein binding element in RNA replication and transcription using DI RNA replication assays and targeted recombination and by directly constructing mutants in this protein binding element using a recently described MHV reverse genetic system. DI RNA replication assays demonstrated that mutations in the 3′(+)42 host protein binding element had a deleterious effect on the accumulation of DI RNA. When the identical mutations were directly inserted into the MHV genome, most mutant genomes were viable but formed smaller plaques than the wild-type parent virus. One mutant was not viable. This mutant directed the synthesis of genome-sized negative-sense RNA approximately as efficiently as the wild type did but had a defect in subgenomic mRNA synthesis. These results point to a potential role for sequences at the extreme 3′ end of the MHV genome in subgenomic RNA synthesis.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences