jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Combined treatment of ultraviolet-C and <i>L. plantarum</i> on <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> and quality control of fresh-cut apple

Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses are big problems associated with the consumption of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. To enhance the safety of fresh-cut apples, this study combined ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to eliminate and inhibit the growth of Salmonella enteritidis on fresh-cut apples. The results showed that the combination treatment of 0.96 kJ/m2 UV-C irradiation and subsequently dipping in about 5 log CFU/mL LAB suspension could reduce the population of Salmonella enteritidis by 2.67 ± 0.13 log CFU/g, which was about 2 log more reduction than distilled water treatment (the reduction was 0.36 ± 0.28 log CFU/g). During storage, Salmonella enteritidis remained stable in the combination treatment group while increased up to 5 log CFU/g in the control group. For the quality impact, the combination treatment did not decrease the color, firmness, and flavor of fresh-cut apples but slightly deteriorated the taste attributes. Practical applications The markets of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables have increased rapidly during recent decades. However, the rise of consumption of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables also increases outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. For the health concerns of chlorine, a commonly used disinfectant, healthier, and efficient methods should to be invented to replace the chlorine treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) light possesses high bactericidal ability and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can inhibit the growth of other microorganisms during storage. The combination can significantly decrease and inhibit other microorganisms before and during storage. It has a promising prospect to be applied in the fresh-cut industry.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In vitro and in vivo studies of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and tampon associated fibers.

The involvement of tampons in development of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was investigated in three stages. First, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) was isolated from a known TSST-1 producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Iodinated toxin was identified by reaction with specific anti-TSST-1 antibody and resolution of the antibody-adsorbed protein by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Additional toxin was purified by ion exchange chromatography on CM sephadex C25 or Rexyn 102 cation exchange resins followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. Each method yielded a purified toxin with a characteristic molecular weight of 22,000 daltons and a pI of 7.0. Purified TSST-1 was used to produce specific antiserum in a goat. Resulting immune IgG was used as a ligand for affinity purification of toxin. Secondly, production of TSST-1 in the presence of tampon fibers and magnesium (Mg$\\sp{++}$) was studied in vitro. Polyester foam (PEF, Rely tampon) and polyacrylate rayon (PAR), two fibers more frequently associated with TSS stimulated TSST-1 production while cotton and rayon did not. The influence of Mg$\\sp{++}$ appears to be different on PEF and PAR, PAR chelated Mg$\\sp{++}$ from aqueous solutions and brain heart infusion broth (BHI) while PEF did not. Addition of Mg$\\sp{++}$ had a direct effect on toxin production in the presence of PAR and had a modulating effect in PEF/BHI cultures. Lack of aeration decreased the amount of toxin produced in the presence of PEF but had no effect on toxin produced with PAR or cotton. Finally, intravaginal inoculation of guinea pigs with TSS associated strain MN-8 and PEF or cotton induced comparable levels of TSST-1 production in contrast to in vitro. Only the animals that had been implanted with PEF developed a serum antibody response to TSST-1 as measured by RIA and confirmed by immunoblot. This indicates a fiber specific enhancement of the humoral response and may have implications as to the effect of certain fibers on the development of toxic shock syndrome.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Revenge across Childhood and Adolescence

This volume brings together research on revenge across childhood and adolescence to explore how revenge is a part of normative development, but also arises from maladaptive social environments. The chapters demonstrate the ways in which revenge is intertwined with social, emotional, cognitive, and moral development as well as being informed by interpersonal experiences within familial, educational, community, and cultural social settings. The book summarizes international scholarship on revenge across early childhood to late adolescence from a wide variety of interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. The authors address how individual differences in revenge emerge as an adaptation to the challenges faced when growing up in adverse social and societal conditions. They then suggest a range of avenues for effective intervention that take account of the complexity of revenge as a psychological and social phenomenon.

Topic: Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Approaches to Total Synthesis of Adrenal Steroids. II. 2,5- and 3,5-Dicarbomethoxy-5-methylcyclohexene-1,4-dione as Dienophiles

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApproaches to Total Synthesis of Adrenal Steroids. II. 2,5- and 3,5-Dicarbomethoxy-5-methylcyclohexene-1,4-dione as DienophilesRoger E. Beyler and Lewis H. SarettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6, 1397–1401Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01126a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01126a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views662Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sentinel node localization in patients with breast cancer

Abstract Background Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and identification of the first draining lymph node (the sentinel node) may allow some patients with breast cancer to avoid the morbidity of formal axillary clearance. The aim of this pilot study was to establish the reliability of the technique in predicting axillary node status. Methods Sixty-eight consecutive patients with breast cancer, 38 undergoing mastectomy and 30 wide local excision, were included. Some 2–4 ml of 2·5 per cent Patent Blue dye was injected into adjacent breast tissue on the axillary side of the primary tumour. After 5–10 min, the axilla was explored. Blue-stained lymphatics were dissected to the sentinel node, which was removed for frozen-section examination, followed by routine histology. Formal axillary dissection was then completed. Results A sentinel lymph node was identified successfully in 56 (82 per cent) of 68 patients. Histology of the sentinel node accurately predicted axillary node status in 53 (95 per cent). There were three false negatives (5 per cent). In each case, only a single non-sentinel node was tumour positive. Sensitivity and specificity were 83 and 100 per cent respectively. Conclusion This technique would allow a selective policy of formal axillary dissection in only node-positive patients; however, further experience and refinement are needed.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Update on the management of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia: role of nilotinib

Josephine Emole,1 Taiwo Talabi,2 Javier Pinilla-Ibarz1 1Department of Malignant Hematology, 2Moffitt Program for Outreach Wellness Education and Resources, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA Abstract: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a pluripotent stem cell disease characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and the bcr-abl gene. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized therapy for CML, such that durable response, increased overall survival, and increased progression-free survival of patients in chronic phase CML is now possible. Due to resistance and intolerance to imatinib, there was need for development of second- and third-generation TKIs for the treatment of CML. This review examines the role of nilotinib, an oral second-generation TKI, in the treatment of Philadelphia positive CML. The pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of nilotinib are critically evaluated. Patient-related issues, including tolerance, drug interactions, and quality of life issues are also examined. Keywords: chronic myelogenous leukemia, nilotinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Motility and Psychotherapy

The quality of psychomotor activity has often been described as a correlate of psychological well-being or illness. In this paper a theoretical position is described regarding the planned use of psychomotor activity as a therapeutic vehicle. Specifically, psychomotility is viewed as a tool to help bring about increased organization of thought processes in severely disorganized patients. A clinical illustration supporting the theory is presented in detail. Implications of this therapeutic approach are also discussed.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Automated Medical Device Display Reading Using Deep Learning Object Detection

Telemedicine and mobile health applications, especially during the quarantine imposed by the covid-19 pandemic, led to an increase on the need of transferring health monitor readings from patients to specialists. Considering that most home medical devices use seven-segment displays, an automatic display reading algorithm should provide a more reliable tool for remote health care. This work proposes an end-to-end method for detection and reading seven-segment displays from medical devices based on deep learning object detection models. Two state of the art model families, EfficientDet and EfficientDet-lite, previously trained with the MS-COCO dataset, were fine-tuned on a dataset comprised by medical devices photos taken with mobile digital cameras, to simulate real case applications. Evaluation of the trained model show high efficiency, where all models achieved more than 98% of detection precision and more than 98% classification accuracy, with model EfficientDet-lite1 showing 100% detection precision and 100% correct digit classification for a test set of 104 images and 438 digits.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of blood gases, hematological and monitorization parameters and determine prognostic importance of selected variables in hypotensive and non-hypotensive calves with sepsis

Amaç: Sunulan çalışmada hipotansif ve hipotansif olmayan sepsisli buzağılarda kan gaz, hemogram ve monitorizasyon parametrelerini karşılaştırmak ve mortalite tahmininde olası prognostik değişkenleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç veYöntem: Araştırmaya sepsis kriterlerini taşıyan 22 adet buzağı dahil edildi.Hipotansiyon için sistolik kan basıncının (SBP) <90 mmHg ve / veya ortalama arteriyel kan basıncının (MAP) <65 mmHg kriterleri göz önünde

Topic: Animal health and immunology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Somatic–Performative Research: Artistic practices, pedagogical processes, methodological principles

Somatic–performative research (SPR) is a mode of Artistic Practice as Research I have been developing in the past fifteen years. Major influences of SPR have been Laban/Bartenieff Movement Analysis, Authentic Movement, dance theatre and performance. Performativity in a somatic perspective is a constant state of change, between pulsing and resting, innovation and balance, in a process of merging, differentiating and growing. In SPR, the research subject and its enquiries are alive and pulsing in contrasting forces. We merge into them to move with and be moved by them, in dynamic relationship with an inter-artistic creative environment. The association of somatic and performative research implies specific pedagogical choices, strategies and activities. As part of an academic moving field, the SPR encompasses the integration of inner attunement and coherence with artistic exploration, sensorial merger and critical analysis, creativity and social relevance.

Topic: Artistic and Creative Research
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Fort Wayne as Text: The Past Welcoming the Present

Although cities change and progress with each passing day, it is important to look back to their history and consider how these communities developed. Important also, is the way we define community: a group, which seeks to inspire, educate, and elevate all of its individuals, who share a common space and/or interest; thus, a team of people working together for the benefit of all. One of the most prominent characteristics that Fort Wayne and Chicago share is that every new chapter of their growth incorporates their rich history. More specifically, much like Chicago, the new and developing architecture and the cityscape of Fort Wayne is based on the old. Just as Chicago does, Fort Wayne integrates its past into the cityâs innovative and fresh directions instead of just demolishing it

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reconfiguring Policy and Clinical Practice

This article’s aim is to understand if and how the efforts to accumulate and organize clinical data transformed the regulation of pharmaceutical care. The authors analyze how the employment of databases by collectives of physicians and researchers shape both clinical and policy practice—and thereby reshape the relation between clinical work and policy. Since the late 1990s, Dutch government has supported the development of clinical databases for specific expensive medicines to gain oversight about actual medicine use. To be able to produce evidence for appropriate medicine use, the collectives set regulations in clinical practice. These internal regulations provide a framework for establishing “appropriate medicine use”, steering reimbursement decisions. However, internal regulation and policy rules differ in how quickly they can change. While the employment of databases in clinical practices results in a constant adjustment of the protocols, policy makers require the databases to provide for static moments of “proven appropriate medicine use” in order to account for and define a fixed and closed formulary. Subsequently, the employment of the databases did not deliver on the promise of oversight and control due to different clinical and policy requirements. Nevertheless, the databases did stimulate appropriate medicine use and reimbursement in clinical practice.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Which educational role can Libraries play in a University learning environment?

Objective – This study assesses the skills of students in information literacy through course work, embedded in the curriculum. Methods – Data has been collected trough five different modes: From questionnaires, journals by students and teachers of the research strategies used during the course Classroom instruction and observation of skills and technology application proficiencies Face to face conversation with the students and the faculty members involved in the program. Web-organised library survey. Project coordinator: Alexandra Angeletaki, University library of Trondheim Email: alexandra.angeletaki@ub.ntnu.no Description: The traditional way of assessing library service quality is to measure the numbers of users and resource materials purchased each year by the library users (Quantitative). But can this type of information help the Library to establish itself as an important educational component, meeting its role in the digital information world with a high academic standard that can influence the research outcome of the faculty it serves. What will the future Library environment be, if one takes in consideration the technological change of the library in place to the library in “Space”? The aim should be to maximise not only the services in numbers as they are easy numeric figures to measure, but in quality that meets the academic requirements of a research Library with educational programs exerting influence on the learning experience of its users. It is consequent then that such a measurement will have to be empowered in order to increase academic literacy and research competence.The University Library of Trondheim has been working the last 2 years in collecting data about the learning process of archaeology students trained in Information literacy workshops in collaboration with the Institute of Archaeology from the University of Trondheim.In 2010 our department introduced the use of reading devices for first year students of two different curriculums Archaeology and Chemistry. Three reading devices were filled up with the texts of the subjects taught and the students that were chosen to participate in the program will be giving at the end of the Spring semester 2010 an account of the use of the reading devices. The overall aim of the project is to collect data about the use of e-books and digitised documents for a specific purpose as important as the final exam.

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assigning Deviant Youths to Minimize Total Harm

A common practice in the fields of education, mental health, and juvenile justice is to segregate problem youths in groups with deviant peers.Assignments of this sort, which concentrate deviant youths, may facilitate deviant peer influence and lead to perverse outcomes.This possibility adds to the list of arguments in support of "mainstreaming" whenever possible.But there are other concerns that help justify segregated-group assignments, including efficiency of service delivery and protection of the public.Our analysis organizes the discussion about the relevant tradeoffs.First, the number of deviant youths (relative to the size of the relevant population, or to the number of assignment locations) affects whether the harm-minimizing assignment calls for diffusion or segregation.Second, the nature of the problematic behavior is relevant; behavior which has a direct, detrimental effect on others who share the assignment makes a stronger case for segregation.Third, the capacity for behavior control matters, and may make the difference in a choice between segregation and integration.We briefly discuss the empirical literature, which with some exceptions is inadequate to the task of providing clear guidance about harmminimizing assignment strategies.Finally, we reflect briefly on the medical-practice principle "first do no harm," and contrast it with the claims of potential victims of deviants.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Circadian rhythms and photic entrainment of swimming activity in cave-dwelling fish<i>Astyanax mexicanus</i>(Actinopterygii: Characidae), from El Sotano La Tinaja, San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Circadian regulation has a profound adaptive meaning in timing the best performance of biological functions in a cyclic niche. However, in cave-dwelling animals (troglobitic), a lack of photic cyclic environment may represent a disadvantage for persistence of circadian rhythms. There are different populations of cave-dwelling fish Astyanax mexicanus in caves of the Sierra El Abra, Mexico, with different evolutive history. In the present work, we report that fish collected from El Sótano la Tinaja show circadian rhythms of swimming activity in laboratory conditions. Rhythms observed in some of the organisms entrain to either continuous light–dark cycles or discrete skeleton photoperiods tested. Our results indicate that circadian rhythm of swimming activity and their ability to entrain in discrete and continuous photoperiods persist in some organisms that might represent one of the oldest populations of cave-dwelling A. mexicanus in the Sierra El Abra.

Topic: Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences