jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Local Stability Analysis for Age Structural Model of Chikungunya Disease

A mathematical model of Chikungunya disease is used for describing transmission of this disease. Chikungunya disease is caused by Chikungunya virus that is alphavirus. This disease is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Thailand, Chikungunya is first found in 1958. The data of infected human with this disease indicates that most of patients are adults particularly agriculture which have much risk of exposure to infection by the mosquitoes. In this paper, we study the age structure of Chikungunya patients by separating human populations into two classes, i.e. juvenile and adult. We apply standard dynamical modeling method for analysis the behaviors of solutions to our model. Conditions of parameters for the disease free and endemic states are determined. The numerical solutions are shown for supporting the theoretical results. The alternative way for controlling this disease is suggested. The basic reproductive number and the condition for reducing the transmission of this disease in each situation are found. However, the season is not considered in this study

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cognition and Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Recent results on cognitive processing styles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) open new avenues for successful psychological support and interventions. Previously, psychological treatment for ASD focussed on shaping behaviour by use of classical or instrumental conditioning or on addressing co-morbid mental health conditions. Few psychological interventions directly address deficits such as social communication issues or repetitive behaviours. The objective here is to review recent research results on cognitive processing in ASD and to introduce a framework for psychological interventions that directly addresses core deficits within the spectrum. From a research perspective, the framework allows the identification of gaps without appropriate psychological techniques are and facilitates strategies for empirical research. For the clinical practitioner, a structure for psychological interventions is introduced to facilitate the search for treatment options.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Striction BP Reviews- Natural Blood Sugar Control Formula

Striction BP formula has too many natural ingredients that are put together to detoxify the harmful toxins and chemicals that prevent your body from producing insulin and regulating sugar. Striction BP removes the harmful bacteria and alien toxins that were harming your health, slowing down sugar metabolism and destroying your immune system. Striction BP is an advanced blood sugar support formula that eliminates the root cause of type 2 diabetes. In so doing, individuals can possibly live a healthy life that constitutes blood sugar levels within normal ranges and improved glucose metabolism. In addition, excess fat that is usually at the neck of many of our vital organs will have dissipated, allowing individuals to free themselves from health implications. Striction BP is founded on one man&amp;rsquo;s story that led to a community filled with wellness. 50-year-old Andrew Freeman is a practicing psychologist with 20 years of experience. When he was informed of his type 2 diabetes diagnosis, he couldn&amp;rsquo;t believe what he heard, especially knowing how careful he has been regarding his health.Did you know that one in ten Americans are likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? What was once thought of as a condition that only develops in adults over 40 years of age has quickly become a common diagnosis for teens, young adults, and even children. For those of you wondering, &amp;ldquo;so what?&amp;rdquo; it isn&amp;rsquo;t easy to live with such a condition as it has since been linked to increased thirst and hunger, exhaustion, and blurred vision, just to name a few. Sure, there are prescription drugs for it, but there has to be other ways to accelerate desirable results, right? As per our research, one extra measure (aside from making changes to one&amp;rsquo;s diet and exercise regime) worth considering is all-natural supplements. Generally speaking, such solutions have long existed in society and are only making waves in recent times. Will historical use prevail over scientific evidence? The purpose of this review is to introduce an all-natural supplement called Striction BP. Official Web: https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/striction-bp-reviews-scam-alert-striction-blood-pressure-hidden-revealed-news-218240

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The use of personality measures in cross-cultural research: A test of three personality scales across two countries.

This study explored the measurement equivalence of 3 commonly used psychological measures across samples of U.S. and Indian male and female respondents. Multiple groups structural equations modeling indicated that locus of control was measured equivalently across U.S. and Indian male and female groups, whereas measurement equivalence of a self-esteem scale and a higher order need strength scale was observed across U.S. men, U.S. women, and Indian men. Baseline models for self-esteem and for higher order need strength failed to fit in the Indian female sample, suggesting basic differences in how respondents from this group conceptualized scale items. The results underscore the potential importance of culture as a factor that may moderate the types of inferences that can be made from test scores in cross-cultural research applications.

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Relay-Type Catalysis by a Dual-Metal Single-Atom System in a Waste Biomass Derivative Host for High-Rate and Durable Li–S Batteries

An environmental-friendly and sustainable carbon-based host is one of the most competitive strategies for achieving high loading and practicality of Li-S batteries. However, the polysulfide conversion reaction kinetics is still limited by the nonuniform or monofunctional catalyst configuration in the carbon host. In this work, we propose a catalysis mode based on "relay-type" co-operation by adjacent dual-metal single atoms for high-rate and durable Li-S batteries. A discarded sericin fabric-derived porous N-doped carbon with a stacked schistose structure is prepared as the high-loading sulfur (84 wt %) host by a facile ionothermal method, which further enables the uniform anchoring of Fe/Co dual-metal single atoms. This multifunctional host enables superior lithiophilic-sulfiphilic and electrocatalytic capabilities contributed by the "relay-type" single-atom modulation effects on different conversion stages of liquid polysulfides and solid Li<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/Li<sub>2</sub>S, leading to the suppression of the "shuttle effect", alleviation of nucleation and decomposition barriers of Li<sub>2</sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub>, and acceleration of polysulfide conversion kinetics. The corresponding Li-S batteries exhibit a high specific capacity of 1399.0 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, high-rate performance up to 10 C, and excellent cycling stability over 1000 cycles. They can also endure the high sulfur loading of 8.5 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> and the lean electrolyte condition and yield an areal capacity as high as 8.6 mA h cm<sup>-2</sup>. This work evidentially demonstrates the potential of waste biomass reutilization coupled with the design of a single-atom system for practical Li-S batteries with high energy density.

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gate-Based Variational Quantum Algorithm for Truss Structure Size Optimization Problem

Quantum computing has become a pivotal innovation in computational science, offering novel avenues for tackling the increasingly complex and high-dimensional optimization challenges inherent in engineering design. This paradigm shift is particularly pertinent in the domain of structural optimization, where the intricate interplay of design variables and constraints necessitates advanced computational strategies. In this vein, the gate-based variational quantum algorithm utilizes quantum superposition and entanglement to improve search efficiency in large solution spaces. This paper delves into the gate-based variational quantum algorithm for the discrete variable truss structure size optimization problem. By reformulating this optimization challenge into a quadratic, unconstrained binary optimization framework, we bridge the gap between the discrete nature of engineering optimization tasks and the quantum computational paradigm. A detailed algorithm is outlined, encompassing the translation of the truss optimization problem into the quantum problem, the initialization and iterative evolution of a quantum circuit tailored to this problem, and the integration of classical optimization techniques for parameter tuning. The proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility and potential of quantum computing to transform engineering design and optimization, with numerical experiments validating the effectiveness of the method and paving the way for future explorations in quantum-assisted engineering optimizations.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Asymptotic and stability analysis of kinetic models for opinion formation on networks: an Allen-Cahn approach

We present the analysis of the stationary equilibria and their stability in case of an opinion formation process in presence of binary opposite opinions evolving according to majority-like rules on social networks. The starting point is a kinetic Boltzmann-type model derived from microscopic interactions rules for the opinion exchange among individuals holding a certain degree of connectivity. The key idea is to derive from the kinetic model an Allen-Cahn type equation for the fraction of individuals holding one of the two opinions. The latter can be studied by means of a linear stability analysis and by exploiting integral operator analysis. While this is true for ternary interactions, for binary interactions the derived equation of interest is a linear scattering equation, that can be studied by means of General Relative Entropy tools and integral operators.

Topic: Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
How Deepfakes Could Change Fashion Advertising*

Dynamic campaigns—the term for micro-targeted ads at scale—are becoming a key tool in a marketer's arsenal. Deepfakes have the potential to help brands reach customers with highly targeted and personalised messaging. Experiential marketing tends to be associated with the physical environment, like pop-up stores, but deepfake technology can bring experiential marketing online, directly to consumers, says Dhillon. Examples might include interactive fashion weeks or gaming experiences, he says. Chinese tech companies are further along in using deepfakes in marketing. In a July 2020 white paper about its plans for AI, Chinese tech giant Tencent emphasises that deepfakes are “not just about ‘faking' and ‘deceiving', but a highly creative and groundbreaking technology”. Consumer data protection is another hot subject. Supporters of deepfakes say that the success of existing face-swap apps shows that consumers are comfortable with sharing their data. The ethical implications of deepfakes have yet to be fully explored, suggests FIA's Drinkwater.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Small and medium enterprises and the environment: barriers, drivers, innovation and best practice: A review of the literature

Small and medium enterprises are the largest business sector in every economy in the world 1, and generate the majority (up to 60%) of global economic output2. In the Australian context, a small business or enterprise is one that employs up to 20 staff while a small and medium sized enterprise (an SME) is a business that employs up to 200 staff. By this definition, more than 99% of all actively trading businesses (more than 1.95 million enterprises) in Australia are SMEs3 . There is a growing body of research supporting the need for SMEs to become engaged in the adoption of environmental management practices. This is because SMEs are more 'pollution-intensive' than 'big business', with some estimates suggesting that the contribution of this sector to pollution may be as high as 60-70% of all pollution globally.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The mass–area relationship within cryoconite holes and its implications for primary production

Abstract Linear relationships between the mass of sediment present in a cryoconite hole and the hole area are described for a range of glacier and ice-sheet surfaces. The strong relationships found indicate that some mechanism regulates the thickness of the layer of sediment occupying the ‘floor’ of the hole. We find that this regulation process responds immediately to the addition of new debris to a hole and infer that it is caused by lateral thermal conduction from the debris to the hole wall. This causes hole widening by melt, and a redistribution of the debris within then takes place, usually resulting in 0.04–0.20 gcm −2 of debris in a layer of single cryoconite grains. The thinning of the debris layer during hole widening also reduces self-shading and thus maximizes the exposure of cryoconite to solar radiation. We explore the implications of the hole widening for biological production. Net photosynthesis (CO 2 fixation) is shown to be favoured by thin debris layers, whilst net heterotrophy (CO 2 respiration) occurs when debris layers are in excess of 2–4 mm. We conclude that the carbon balance of cryoconite holes is sensitive to the thickness of the debris and that the thermodynamic equilibration of the debris thickness helps the ecosystem to maximize primary production during the summer.

Topic: Polar Research and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent tests on a multi-megawatt 95 GHz GYROTRON

Summary form only given. A 95 GHz gyrotron capable of generating CW power levels in excess of 2 MW is currently under development at CPI. The gyrotron employs a single-anode electron gun that produces a 90-kV, 75-A electron beam for interaction with the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22,6,1</sub> cavity mode. Output power from the cavity is transformed into a fundamental Gaussian beam using an internal converter that consists of a waveguide launcher and three focusing and phase-correcting mirrors. The Gaussian beam exits the tube through a chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond window. The spent electron beam is dissipated in a 40.6-cm diameter collector fabricated from a strengthened copper alloy. The collector nominally operates at a voltage of 61 kV relative to the cathode potential to minimize the amount of power absorbed in the collector and to improve efficiency. In recent tests on the gyrotron an output power of 1.92 MW was achieved with 40% efficiency at the nominal beam current of 75 A. During the tests, we noted a significant reduction in the amount of power absorbed in the beam tunnel compared with earlier versions of the tube. The reduction in beam tunnel power is attributed to the use of a modified beam tunnel design to reduce the possibility of parasitic oscillations. Results of recent tests and future plans will be presented.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kidney Function Deteriorates at a Similar Rate among Liver-Transplant Patients with Preserved Kidney Function at 1yr and in the General Population: Is Chronic CNI-Nephrotoxicity Overrated?

Introduction: Chronic calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity is associated with histological kidney lesions, but the contribution of CNIs to the decline over time in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after liver transplantation (LT) remains unclear. Methods: We studied annual changes in estimated GFR among 105 CNI-treated adult LT patients with a GFR between 60-100 ml/min at 1 year post-LT. Transplantations were between 1982 and 2002. The mean follow-up was 7 years (20 years in 20 patients). At 1 year post-transplant, 81% received cyclosporine, 19% tacrolimus, 68% azathioprine, 96% corticosteroids, whereas no patient received mTOR inhibitors. During follow-up, CNIs were discontinued in 2 (2%) patients and mTOR inhibitors were used for a period less than 1 year in 2 (2%) patients. Results: The annual GFR decline >1 year post-transplant was 0.2 ml/min/year (SD 3.8; Figure). This decline rate was unaffected by the decade of LT, follow-up period, GFR at 1 year, and showed no correlation with cyclosporine or tacrolimus trough levels at various post-transplant time points (all correlation coefficients < 0.34). Also, no significant impact on the annual GFR change emerged from indication (chronic liver disease versus acute liver failure versus liver tumor) or whether or not the patient was alive or dead at the end of follow-up. Thirteen (12%) patients had a GFR decline rate >3 ml/min/year, and of these, 77% presented with hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia.[Figure]Conclusions: The decline in GFR among the LT patients did not exceed the decline of 0.5-0.8 ml/min/year reported by various studies in the general population. Declines faster than 3 ml/min/year, which occurred no more frequently among patients than in the general population, seemed attributable to co-existent vascular risk factors. Our findings challenge the clinical impact of chronic progressive CNI nephrotoxicity and highlight the importance of a tight control of blood pressures, glucose and lipid levels, and other modifiable risk factors in order to preserve kidney function long-term post-transplant.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Prospective Study on Clinical Presentation and Surgical Management of Varicose Veins at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangalore, India

Introduction: Varicose veins are abnormally dilated veins of lower limbs with defective valves. Incidence involves one out of five in the world and the problem is ever growing due to increasing population, increased life span and change in life style. Hence, there is a need to delineate the epidemiology of the varicose veins in the local population which visited the hospital. Aim: To study the various clinical presentations, management and complications of varicose veins. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study; conducted by the Department of General surgery at Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India from September 2018-February 2020. All 75 patients enrolled were evaluated by detailed history, clinical examination and investigations- venous doppler study of the lower limbs, to locate the site of incompetence. All the cases that underwent surgical procedure were followed postoperatively for any complications every one month for development of surgical site infections, after three months for healing of ulcer and at six months for any signs of recurrence. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel spread sheet and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study included 75 cases with primary varicose veins. The age of these patients ranged from 21-69 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Most of them were farmers (48%) by occupation requiring prolonged hours of standing. All cases presented with dilated veins. The common associated symptoms were pain (50.7%) followed by itching (28%) with slight increased incidence in the left lower limb (50.7%). Majority of the patients have involvement of long sephenous system (81.3%). Majority of them (48%) had combined valvular incompetence. Sapheno-femoral flush ligation with stripping appeared to be the best method of surgical management for incompetence in the long saphenous vein territory. Ten (13.3%) cases had postoperative complications. Conclusion: Varicose veins are a common disease, middle age group, males and occupation with prolonged hours of standing are affected the most. Surgical procedures have beneficial effects in minimising morbidity due to varicose vein.

Topic: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Arthroscopic treatment of antirior synovitis of the ankle in athletes

Abstract In a retrospective study we analysed the results of arthroscopic treatment of anterior synovitis of the ankle in 35 athletes. Five athletes additionally suffered from anterior osteophytes, and three presented with an anterolateral plica. Their average age was 25 years (SD 8.3), and the follow‐up interval was 32.4 months (SD 19.4). Eight patients suffered from additional hyperlaxity of the ankle joint. At the time of follow‐up, the patients were examined clinically as well as radiologically. The results were scored according to an ankle index containing the criteria pain, function, athletic activity, walking aids, range of motion and swelling. During surgery a partial synovectomy was performed and removal of anterior osteophytes or anterolateral plica as necessary. The overall score increased non‐significantly from 66.2 preoperatively to 78.7 postoperatively ( P &gt;0.05). Comparing the different criteria, the score parameter pain significantly increased after arthroscopy. All other parameters (function, athletic activity, walking aids, range of motion, swelling) showed only slight changes in this patient group. Athletes with a hypermobile joint showed worse results compared with the others. Even after surgery we documented severe restriction concerning athletic activity. Only 9 patients performed their activities at their previous level, 19 had reduced their activity level, and 7 had discontinued their athletic activity. In 6 cases we found temporary iatrogenic neurological damage. Regarding the uncertain clinical outcome and the documented high risk for neurovascular complication, patient selection for arthroscopic partial synovectomy in the athletic population should be extremely carefully performed. Prior to surgery all other conservative options including changes of running shoes as well as modifications in the exercise programme and athletic activiy should be taken into account.

Topic: Musculoskeletal synovial abnormalities and treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences