jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Olefin metathesis applied to cellulose derivatives—Synthesis, analysis, and properties of new crosslinked cellulose plastic films

Abstract New crosslinked cellulose‐based plastic films were synthesized with olefin metathesis as a crosslinking reaction. Microcrystalline cellulose was first dissolved in a lithium chloride/ N,N ‐dimethylacetamide solvent system and acylated by ω‐undecenoyl chloride under microwave irradiation with N,N ‐dimethyl‐4‐aminopyridine as the catalyst. Cellulose unsaturated fatty acyl esters with a degree of substitution (DS) ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 were then crosslinked by olefin metathesis with a first generation Grubbs catalyst. Crosslinking ratios ( T ) ranging from 20 to 90% were obtained for low catalyst amounts (&lt;1.2%), but gels appeared when T was too high. To avoid this gel formation, cellulose was acylated with a mixture of lauroyl and ω‐undecenoyl chlorides. This internal dilution allowed us to obtain films of every case and various T (varying from 10 to 80% for a catalyst amount below 3.5%). Plastics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the fatty acid mixture resulting from the hydrolysis of cellulose esters were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and NMR spectroscopy. Mechanical properties showed that the elastic modulus and tensile failure stress was higher when the plastic films were crosslinked. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 407–418, 2005

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Natural Occurrence of Subjective Aging Experiences in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Objectives. The subjective experience of aging is a relevant correlate of developmental outcomes. However, traditional approaches fall short of capturing the inherent multidimensionality of subjective aging experiences (SAEs). Based on the concept of Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC; Diehl, M. K., &amp; Wahl, H.-W. (2010). Awareness of age-related change: Examination of a (mostly) unexplored concept. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 340–350. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp110), this study provides a description of SAEs that is facet rich, and based on their natural occurrence, analyzes interindividual differences and associations with well-being. Method. Data came from 225 participants (70–88 years) of the ongoing BEWOHNT study. Open-ended diary entries about age-related experiences were collected for more than 14 days and coded according to AARC domains and subdomains. Results. Seventy percent of all participants had SAEs about physical functioning. About half of the sample reported experiences in the domains interpersonal relations, social-emotional and social-cognitive functioning (COGN-EMOT), and lifestyle. Thirty percent experienced aging in terms of changes in cognitive functioning. Contents of SAEs varied by gender, age group, and functional status. SAEs about COGN-EMOT were most consistently related to affective components of subjective well-being. Discussion. Our results demonstrate the benefits of an open-ended approach to a multidimensional understanding of SAEs. Content-related, social-cognitive and social-emotional changes more than functional age-related changes were most important for well-being.

Topic: Aging and Gerontology Research
Subfield: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Alternative method for the removal of the 180° ambiguity in the sign of the observed transverse photospheric magnetic field

A relatively simple method for the removal of the 180° ambiguity in the azimuth of the observed transverse photospheric magnetic field is proposed; it applies to both center of disk and off-disk center observations. The method consists in selecting that sign which corresponds to a decrease with height of the heliographic magnetic field B, B = (B x 2 +B y 2 +B z 2 ) 1/2 . For this, the observed field components at a point P have to be first transformed into heliographic components (at the same point) and then the selection rule must be applied. The method was tested in twenty different cases of force-free field and potential magnetic configurations for which analytical solutions are available

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A FRONTAL BONE SWELLING GUIDED TO REACH THE DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

PRESENTATION OF CASE&#13;\nA 59 year male presented to Urology Outpatient Department&#13;\n(OPD) with a painless forehead swelling. He was operated&#13;\nfor the same swelling two times within last three months by&#13;\nan orthopaedic surgeon initially and then by a neurosurgeon.&#13;\nIn the last 3 weeks, the swelling has recurred and increased&#13;\nin size to attain a dimension of 4 cm x 3 cm currently. The&#13;\ninitial histopathological (HP) finding of the excised lesion&#13;\nshowed fibrocollagenous stroma, and small to large lumina&#13;\nwith lobules of polygonal clear cells having distinct&#13;\ncytoplasmic membrane and small dark round to slightly&#13;\nirregular nuclei suggestive of clear cell Hidradenoma. (Figure&#13;\n1). The histopathological findings of the same lesion after&#13;\nre-excision revealed vascular network interspersed within&#13;\nhomogeneous nests of cells with clear cytoplasm suggestive&#13;\nof metastatic Clear Cell Carcinoma (mccRCC). Based on&#13;\nsecond HP report, patient was referred to us to rule out&#13;\nmccRCC.&#13;\n

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ammonium accumulation in relation to growth of rice cell suspension under phosphate deprivation

Suspension-cultured rice cells growth was markedly inhibited and ammonium content increased when rice cells were deprived of phosphate. When rice cells were cultured at increasing concentrations of ammonium chloride, ammonium content increased, however, no significant inhibition of cell growth was observed. Addition of D-arginine, an inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis, resulted in a complete recovery of growth in rice cells under phosphate deprivation, but did not decrease the content of ammonium. Our results indicate that the growth inhibition induced by phosphate deprivation is not associated with ammonium accumulation.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Modulation of keratin intermediate filament assembly by single amino acid exchanges in the consensus sequence at the C-terminal end of the rod domain

ABSTRACT All known intermediate filament (IF) proteins display a consensus sequence at the carboxyl end of the rod domain. To analyse the contribution of this sequence to the formation of IF we have changed two of the invariant positions of this motif by site-directed mutagenesis. We produced three mutant keratins, each containing a single point mutation. Tyrosine at position −8 was changed to alanine in keratin K8 (K8Y→A-8) and keratin K18 (KlSY→A-8) and leucine at position −4 was changed to glycine in keratin K18 (K18L→G-4). Mutant keratins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and analysed for their filament-forming capacity in vitro using either the complementary wild-type keratin or the corresponding mixture of mutant keratins. In standard filament buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5), assembly involving any of the mutants leads to large electron-dense aggregates instead of normal IF. In order to explain this effect, we studied the process of filament formation in more detail. Whereas the formation of tetramers in buffers containing 4M urea is unaffected, the elongation process seems slowed down. In buffer of lower ionic strength (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5) mutant keratins K8Y→A.-8 plus K18Y→A-8 become able to form long filaments, although short filaments and protofilamentous material are still detected. The filaments formed differ from normal keratin IF by their remarkable tendency to aggregate into thick cables. Assemblies involving K18L→G—4 can only form short IF lengths. The dense aggregates formed in standard filament buffer are able to dissociate into IF and their fragments upon dialysis into 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5. The results show that the consensus sequence is needed for IF formation under normal conditions and that already one mutation per heterodimer affects the assembly.

Topic: Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Severian of Gabala, <i>In ascensionem et in principium Actorum</i> (<i>CPG</i> 4187). Introduction and Critical Edition.

In addition to being an important source for the exegetical history of Acts 1, the sermon we edit here, In ascensionem et in principium Actorum (CPG 4187), is an essential witness to the Constantinopolitan celebration of Christ’s ascension at the beginning of the fifth century. The sermon also sheds light on the conflict between Severian and John Chrysostom, and it fills out our knowledge of Severian’s Christology. Ours is the first complete critical edition of the Greek text. Bernard de Montfaucon’s editio princeps (1721) followed a single manuscript in omitting a substantial portion of the sermon, an omission which was replicated in the Patrologia Graeca. This omitted portion was finally restored to its author in the 1978 dissertation of Judit Kecskeméti, where it was edited on the basis of two Parisian manuscripts. Our edition is based on eight manuscripts copied between the ninth and the fifteenth centuries. The introduction treats the sermon’s history of interpretation as well as its extent and integrity, adding several arguments to Kecskeméti’s demonstration of the relationship between the portion she edited in 1978 and the edition of 1721. The introduction subsequently takes up the location of the sermon’s delivery, identifies commonalities between this sermon and Severian’s oeuvre in order to confirm his authorship, and proposes a date of delivery. Finally we study the transmission of the text, including its direct and indirect manuscript tradition, as well as its editorial history. In this way we hope to facilitate the wider scholarly attention that the erstwhile bishop of Gabala’s homiletical effort deserves.

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Approach to the Synthesis of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidineAlan P. Marchand, D. Rajagopal, Simon G. Bott, and Thomas G. ArchibaldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 15, 4943–4946Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00120a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00120a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1140Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SOLUSI UNTUK TEXT MINING

This study was conducted to text-based data mining or often called text mining, classification methods commonly used method Naïve bayes classifier (NBC) and support vector machine (SVM). This classification is emphasized for Indonesian language documents, while the relationship between documents is measured by the probability that can be proven with other classification algorithms. This evident from the conclusion that the probability result Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) word “party” at least in the economic document and political. Then the result of the algorithm support vector machine (svm) with the word “price” and “kpk” contains in both economic and politic document.&#x0D;

Topic: Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Production of Natural Food Colorant with Organic Mordant Solutions and Incorporation into Modern Food Systems

Abstract Colorants are an important exposure that affects the way we feel and judge foods. The food colorant is normally associated with the flavor, safety and nutritional value of the food product. Colorant are obtained from natural plants and minerals. In today’s world, synthetic oxidative food colors are used. It contains a high chemical composition and is derived from petroleum or crude oil. Sunset yellow, carmine, amaranth and azorubine are examples of common synthetic food colors. It leads to some diseases such as asthma, allergy reactions and cancer. Hence, natural food colors were produced from natural plants. The plants contain several pigments, such as betacyanin, anthocyanin and curcumin. The fruit juice of Opuntia ficus-indica , in particularly it contains betacyanin pigments, which can be used as a natural red-purple food colorant. In order to improve the results, we extracted the juice from Opuntia ficus-indica and banana pseudo-stem. Next, we qualitatively analyzed the juice to find out whether flavonoids, triterpenoids, proteins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, tannin, and phenol was present. Opuntia ficus-indica has antioxidant properties, as does banana pseudostem sap, which has antioxidant, antithrombotic and anti-haemolytic properties. Then analyzed physical parameters of color strength were measured (using a UV spectrophotometer) at 450 nm to determine color strength and that the results were good with pH, viscosity, smell and taste. And toxicity analyses of aflatoxin and ochratoxin shows good results. This colorant has been used successfully in two food systems: ice cream and milkshakes. which is preserved after one month in the refrigerator.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Romantic Rendez-vous: The Allure of Santorini and the Aegean Sea in Chinese Travel Culture

Figure 1. Santorin : Un couple chinois se prend en photo avant le mariage, devant le coucher du soleil qui attire également plusieurs autres touristes. Photo by Maria Gravari-Barbas, 2016 "Every girl has a dream in her heart: to put on a beautiful wedding dress and stand in a fairytale place, step by step, towards the boy she loves. If you have found that special someone to spend the rest of your life with and have the financial means to do so, why not visit Santorini? It is the perfect pla...

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Kinetics of the heterogeneous acid hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose

Abstract The kinetics of the early stage of acid catalyzed heterogeneous hydrolysis of different samples of regenerated cellulose at low temperatures (0, 20, and 30°C) was studied. The degradation of macromolecules was followed by determining the decrease of the degree of polymerization by measuring the viscosity of cellulose solutions in cadoxen. Interpretation of the experimental results using equations for first order reactions showed that in the studied experimental range first order kinetics cannot be applied. It was found that the rate constant decreases during the course of the hydrolysis at constant temperature. However, the experimental results could be explained by kinetic equations for heterogeneous processes with a solid and a liquid phase in the heterogeneous system. Kinetic parameters calculated from these equations point out that the process could be described as a diffusion controlled process.

Topic: Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Differential Overstory Leaf Flushing Contributes to the Formation of a Patchy Understory

AbstractUnderstory individuals were found to form patches in a 100-year-old deciduous broad-leaved forest. The closed forest canopy was uniform, and so the light conditions at various locations across the forest floor differed little after the leaf flush of the overstory. To explain the distribution pattern in the understory, a hypothesis was proposed: in spring, the forest floor is divided into patches according to the timing of leaf flush of the overstory individuals, and the light conditions are more favorable for understory plants under the crowns of trees with later-flushing leaves. In the plot, three groups of early, intermediate, and late, were recognized in the overstory concerning the timing of leaf flush. As for the start of leaf flush, a difference of 31.6 days was recognized among tree species, and for the end of leaf flush, a difference of 40.3 days. In the spring of 1998, the relative photosynthetic-photon-flux density under an intensively studied Castanea crenata tree (late-flushing species) usually showed higher values than that under a similarly studied Acer mono tree (early-flushing species). Analysis of the spatial-distribution pattern using Morisita's 1δ index revealed that the understory community had an aggregated distribution. In the overstory, the late- and the intermediate-flushing-species groups showed aggregated distributions, while the early-flushing-species group showed random distribution. Spatial correlation between the understory and the overstory was analyzed by using Morisita's Rδ index. The distribution of whole understory community spatially co-occurred with that of the late-flushing-species group of the overstory. In contrast, the understory community was less developed below the members of the early-flushing-species group of the overstory. We consider that the data presented here support our hypothesis, and we suggest that the growth and survival of understory individuals were promoted in the places receiving light for long periods in spring.Key words: deciduous broad-leaved forestdirect radiationdistribution of understory communityleaf phenology in overstorylight penetration in springspatial heterogeneity

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The political and economic activities of the Jesuits in the La Plata region: the Hapsburg era. By Magnus Mörner. (Stockholm: Library and Institute of Ibero-American Studies, 1953. Pp. xv, 711. $5.50.)

The political and economic activities of the Jesuits in the La Plata region: the Hapsburg era. By Magnus Mörner. (Stockholm: Library and Institute of Ibero-American Studies, 1953. Pp. xv, 711. $5.50.) - Volume 12 Issue 2

Topic: Religious and Theological Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Jellyfish‐Inspired 3D Micro‐Menisci Solar Desalinator for High‐Efficient and Stable Pure Water Production from Oil‐Brine Mixture

Abstract Interfacial solar water evaporation has emerged as a pivotal solution for addressing global water scarcity and pollution. However, its practical deployment is often hindered by its suboptimal evaporation rates, and most of the previous solar evaporators are limited to specific types of single liquids. This study introduces a jellyfish‐inspired micro‐meniscus solar evaporator (JMSE) designed to enhance evaporation efficiency, particularly in complex ocean environments contaminated with oil and subjected to wave action. Leveraging a 3D micro‐meniscus architecture combined with bionic spring microchannels, the JMSE facilitates the continuous transport of water from the oil‐water interface, achieving a remarkable evaporation rate of 2.16 kg m −2 h −1 under 1 sun—a 30% improvement over conventional solar evaporation systems. Moreover, the system exhibits robust salt‐rejection capabilities, maintaining effective desalination even under challenging conditions, with an evaporation rate of up to 2.86 liters m −2 day −1 for a 5 wt.% NaCl solution. Most significantly, continuous operation over extended periods underscores the JMSE's resilience and efficiency, attaining exceptional purification from various saline sources while conforming to World Health Organization standards for drinking water. This research highlights the JMSE's superior performance and guides future innovations in interfacial solar evaporation technologies, targeting low enthalpy and high efficiency for oily seawater applications.

Topic: Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CHAI: consensus clustering through similarity matrix integration for cell-type identification

Abstract Several methods have been developed to computationally predict cell-types for single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data. As methods are developed, a common problem for investigators has been identifying the best method they should apply to their specific use-case. To address this challenge, we present CHAI (consensus Clustering tHrough similArIty matrix integratIon for single cell-type identification), a wisdom of crowds approach for scRNAseq clustering. CHAI presents two competing methods which aggregate the clustering results from seven state-of-the-art clustering methods: CHAI-AvgSim and CHAI-SNF. CHAI-AvgSim and CHAI-SNF demonstrate superior performance across several benchmarking datasets. Furthermore, both CHAI methods outperform the most recent consensus clustering method, SAME-clustering. We demonstrate CHAI’s practical use case by identifying a leader tumor cell cluster enriched with CDH3. CHAI provides a platform for multiomic integration, and we demonstrate CHAI-SNF to have improved performance when including spatial transcriptomics data. CHAI overcomes previous limitations by incorporating the most recent and top performing scRNAseq clustering algorithms into the aggregation framework. It is also an intuitive and easily customizable R package where users may add their own clustering methods to the pipeline, or down-select just the ones they want to use for the clustering aggregation. This ensures that as more advanced clustering algorithms are developed, CHAI will remain useful to the community as a generalized framework. CHAI is available as an open source R package on GitHub: https://github.com/lodimk2/chai.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences