jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A 3D radius compensation method to reduce the influence of probe fluctuation error in blade space curve measurement

Abstract In the contact measurement of the coordinate measuring machine, the space curve cannot obtain the third-dimension information of its compensation vector by itself. Moreover, the fluctuation error of the probe will cause the unknown spatial offset of the contact point of the curve, making it more difficult to obtain the third-dimensional information of the compensation vector. A three-dimensional radius compensation method based on iterative third-dimensional information is proposed in this paper. The distance value between the intersection point and the compensation point is used as the convergence condition to approximate the offset contact point. The simulation test results show that the error accuracy of radial parameters is 0.1 μm and the error accuracy of Z -direction parameters is 1 μm when only Z -direction fluctuation error is considered. The real machine test results show that this method is closer to the actual situation than the two-dimensional radius compensation method.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Moving Beyond Agency: A Review of Gender and Intimate Relationships in Conservative Religions

Abstract Studies of gender regimes within conservative religion have often focused on the dynamics of intimate relationships to separately analyze women's agency and men's authority. By bridging studies of men and women in a variety of intimate relationships, this article provides a relational analysis of how gender and religion intersect in daily life. Given the importance of marriage within conservative religions, I first review studies of married women and married men to illustrate the varied ways these institutions intersect. Next, I present findings from the limited but burgeoning scholarship on those who have not yet or cannot live up to the religious goal of heterosexual marriage: unmarried heterosexuals and gay and lesbian relationships.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Apparent diffusion coefficients in the evaluation of high-grade cerebral gliomas.

As a group, ADC values helped to distinguish high-grade glioma from normal tissue but could not be used to separate high-grade glioma from surrounding edema. Individually, ADC values overlapped considerably and were not useful in our patients. The utility of ADC values (as obtained in this relatively small study) is questionable in patients with high-grade cerebral astrocytomas.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic-Algorithm-based Test Pattern Generation for Crosstalk Faults between On-Chip Aggressor and Victim

With the shrinking feature size and increasing aspect ratios of interconnects in DSM chips, the coupling noise between adjacent interconnects has become a major signal integrity (SI) issue, giving rise to crosstalk failures. In older technologies, SI issues have been ignored because of high noise immunity of the CMOS circuits and the process technology. However, as CMOS technologies lower down the supply voltage as well as the threshold voltage of a transistor, digital designs are more and more susceptible to noise because of the reduction of noise margin. The genetic algorithms (GAs) have been applied earlier in different engineering disciplines as potentially good optimization tools and for various applications in VLSI design, layout, EDIF digital system testing and also for test automation, particularly for stuck-at-faults and crosstalk-induced delay faults. In this paper, an elitist GA has been developed that can be used as an ATPG tool for generating the test patterns for crosstalk-induced faults between on-chip aggressor and victim and as well as for stuck-at-faults. It has been observed that the elitist GA, when the fitness function is properly defined, has immense potential in extracting the suitable test vectors quickly from randomly generated initial patterns.

Topic: VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ball State University

Intentional self-harm behavior is an important clinical phenomenon that appears highly related to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Self-harm behavior in the context of borderline personality probably exists along a continuum from graphic, self-harm behavior to milder forms of self-sabotaging behavior that might be viewed as self-defeating. Relatively little attention has been paid to developing a self-report measure of inten-tional self-harm, particularly as a screening device for detecting BPD. In Study 1, an initial list of self-harm behaviors encountered in clinical prac-tice was narrowed to those behaviors related to BPD in a sample com-prised of adults from both a mental health and non–mental health setting. All participants (N 5 221) underwent a semistructured diagnostic inter-view for BPD. Using a cut-off score of 5 on the resulting 22-item Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), 83.7 % of research participants were correctly classified as having BPD or not. In Study 2, women (N 5 285) sampled from an outpatient medical setting completed the SHI and a widely used self-report measure of BPD. The SHI cut-off score resulted in correct clas-sification of 87.9 % of the individuals. In Study 3, using a sample of adults involuntarily hospitalized for psychiatric reasons (N 5 32), the SHI per-

Topic: Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Angular Unit Testing

In this chapter, I describe the tools that Angular provides for unit testing components and directives. Some Angular building blocks, such as pipes and services, can be readily tested in isolation using the basic testing tools that I set up at the start of the chapter. Components (and, to a lesser extent, directives) have complex interactions with their host elements and with their template content and require special features. Table 29-1 puts Angular unit testing in context.

Topic: Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the double-vacuum phenomenon of a supersonic air ejector.

混合部にスロートを有する超音速空気エゼクタの作動特性線図に現われる履歴現象,すなわち二重真空現象を実験的に調べた.その結果,この現象は,二次流量の増減によるエゼクタスロートにおける流れのチョーキングおよびその解消と,それに伴うエゼクタ内の衝撃波の挙動で説明されることが明らかになった.また定常一次元流れの過程により,二重真空現象が起こる場合の衝撃波の挙動を解析し,実験結果と定性的に一致する結果を得た.

Topic: Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
N100, N200, and P300 Auditory Event-Related Potentials Depending on Handedness and Response Tasks such as Button Pressing and Mental Counting

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of response tasks, such as button pressing and mental counting, and handedness on N100, N200, and P300 auditory event-related potential (AERP).Methods: A total of 50 normal-hearing young adults with the average age of 21.6 (±1.5) years participated in this study. Among them, 15 men and 15 women were right-handed and 10 men and 10 women were left-handed. An oddball paradigm was used to deliver 30 stimuli of 2 kHz target tone bursts and 120 stimuli of 1 kHz nontarget tone bursts. The stimuli were presented at 70 dB sound pressure level with the rate of 1/s.Results: The button pressing task elicited significantly smaller N100 and larger P300 amplitudes than the mental counting task. N200 latency was significantly lower and P300 amplitude was higher in left-handed participants than those who are right-handed. Appearance percentages of right-/left-handed participants for N100, N200, and P300 were 80/95%, 85/85%, and 75/75% for the button pressing task and 80/90%, 80/80%, and 70/70% for mental counting task, respectively.Conclusion: The significant difference in appearance percentage between response tasks supported that P300 was a strong endogenous potential. N100 and N200 were thought to have both endogenous and exogenous characteristics. A more sensitive approach in selecting the task of response for the target stimuli and careful consideration for the handedness is necessary for AERP recordings.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Association of timed up and go test outcomes with future incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults aged 66 years: Korean national representative longitudinal study over 5.7 years

<title>Abstract</title> Background: The timed up and go test (TUG) is one of the most widely used tests of mobility. We aimed to examine whether the TUG is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. Methods: Subjects in the senior cohort database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002–2013) who completed the TUG as part of the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages (NSPTA) during 2007–2008 were identified. An abnormal TUG result was defined as a time ≥10 seconds. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between TUG results and CV events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results: The mean follow-up period was 5.7 years. Incidence rates of CV events in the normal and abnormal TUG groups were 7.93 and 8.98 per 1,000 person-years, while CV mortality rates were 0.96 and 1.51 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. In a fully adjusted model, we found that abnormal TUG results were not associated with the incidences of CV events and CV mortality. However, abnormal TUG results (≥10 sec) resulted in a 2.9-fold increase in CV mortality in women (adjusted hazard ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.15 – 7.30). Further, participants lacking certain CV risk factors, such as current cigarette smoking, obesity, or diabetes, had a higher CV mortality rate when TUG results were abnormal.Conclusions: Abnormal TUG results in subjects aged 66 years were associated with future CV mortality in women and in subjects without obesity, diabetes, or cigarette smoking. In patient with mobility impairment, physicians should consider CV disease risk, especially in women.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
‘Hannibal at our Gates’: Loyalists and Fifth‐columnists during the Bishops' Wars – the Case of Yorkshire1

Abstract This article examines the response of the Yorkshire gentry to the king's call for military assistance against the Covenanters in the Bishops' Wars of 1639–40. Based upon detailed analysis of royal efforts to mobilize the county's formidable militia forces, it suggests that by 1640 a number of leading Yorkshiremen were working in concert with the king's aristocratic opponents in order to encourage the Scots to invade and thus force the summoning of a new parliament. It also tests the contention that men's attitudes towards the Scots in 1639–40 correlate with their political alignment during the Civil War.

Topic: Scottish History and National Identity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The effects of species manipulation on growth and survival of an assemblage of juvenile estuarine fish

Growth and survival of Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus heteroclitus, Menidia beryllina, and Lucania parva, held in combination with an omnivorous grass shrimp–Palaemonetes pugio, and a predatory diving beetle Tropisternus lateralis, were measured at 12–60% in outdoor static microcosms that simulate salt marsh ponds. We predicted that the low species richness of this abiotically harsh but highly productive habitat would lead to a high degree of interaction among species. The presence of the beetle had no effect on the fish or the shrimp. Removal of the shrimp similarly had no detectable effect on the fish. There was a trend in proportions of survival among three fish: C. variegatus>F. heteroclitus>M. beryllina. Survival of M. beryllina was greater when it was alone at low densities of its own species (333 v. 667 fish m −3), and less when it was paired with F. heteroclitus. Interactions with other species diminished the growth of M. beryllina. Survival of F. heteroclitus was greater when it was alone at low density (333 m −3), than when the same number were placed together with Menidia and Cyprinodon at a total fish density of 999 m −3. There were no effects of removal of other species on survival or growth of C. variegatus at either 12′5 or 24%. This study showed that a complex array of interactions occurred among six common members of a salt marsh food web, but the degree of interaction Was less than We predicted.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Reaction of Vietnam’s Generation Z to Online TV Advertising

The paper examines the reaction of the Z-Vietnam generation to online TV advertising (TVC), which elements of online TV advertising has a positive influence, which factors do not affect or negatively affect their consumption decisions for the advertised goods. Data for the study was collected from 300 Vietnam's Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City through live interviews or questionnaires through Google Docs Forms, with over 30 questions. The six basic factors that influence the reactions of Generation Z consumers are information, entertainment, irritation, credibility, interaction, and advertising value. The research results show that, due to the influence of social media and generational characteristics, most consumers of the Generation Z in Vietnam have a favorable attitude towards online TV advertising, and they appreciate this form of advertising. Information element, irritation, credibility and entertainment have a strong and positive impact on TVC. The other two factors are advertising value and interaction, which does not significantly affect the reaction of this generation. This study needs to be checked and reviewed by subsequent studies on a larger scale and in a wider scope because the study only conducted random sampling on a small scale, did not meet the requirements for representation and generality.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating

We develop an algorithm for detecting teacher cheating that combines information on unexpected test score fluctuations and suspicious patterns of answers for students in a classroom. Using data from the Chicago public schools, we estimate that serious cases of teacher or administrator cheating on standardized tests occur in a minimum of 4–5 percent of elementary school classrooms annually. The observed frequency of cheating appears to respond strongly to relatively minor changes in incentives. Our results highlight the fact that high-powered incentive systems, especially those with bright line rules, may induce unexpected behavioral distortions such as cheating. Statistical analysis, however, may provide a means of detecting illicit acts, despite the best attempts of perpetrators to keep them clandestine.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
DISCRIMINATION OF CARE TO PATIENT DIFFERENCES: A USEFUL TOOL FOR EVALUATING QUALITY?

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008DISCRIMINATION OF CARE TO PATIENT DIFFERENCES: A USEFUL TOOL FOR EVALUATING QUALITY? Brent K Hollenbeck, Rodney L Dunn, J Stuart Wolf, Martin G Sanda, James E Montie, Scott M Gilbert, Alon Z Weizer, David P Wood, and John T Wei Brent K HollenbeckBrent K Hollenbeck More articles by this author , Rodney L DunnRodney L Dunn More articles by this author , J Stuart WolfJ Stuart Wolf More articles by this author , Martin G SandaMartin G Sanda More articles by this author , James E MontieJames E Montie More articles by this author , Scott M GilbertScott M Gilbert More articles by this author , Alon Z WeizerAlon Z Weizer More articles by this author , David P WoodDavid P Wood More articles by this author , and John T WeiJohn T Wei More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60085-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "DISCRIMINATION OF CARE TO PATIENT DIFFERENCES: A USEFUL TOOL FOR EVALUATING QUALITY?." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 27 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 27 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Brent K Hollenbeck More articles by this author Rodney L Dunn More articles by this author J Stuart Wolf More articles by this author Martin G Sanda More articles by this author James E Montie More articles by this author Scott M Gilbert More articles by this author Alon Z Weizer More articles by this author David P Wood More articles by this author John T Wei More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Wounding Stimulates the Accumulation of Glycerolipids Containing Oxophytodienoic Acid and Dinor-Oxophytodienoic Acid in Arabidopsis Leaves

Abstract Although oxylipins can be synthesized from free fatty acids, recent evidence suggests that oxylipins are components of plastid-localized polar complex lipids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using a combination of electrospray ionization (ESI) collisionally induced dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) to identify acyl chains, ESI triple-quadrupole (Q) MS in the precursor mode to identify the nominal masses of complex polar lipids containing each acyl chain, and ESI Q-time-of-flight MS to confirm the identifications of the complex polar lipid species, 17 species of oxylipin-containing phosphatidylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) were identified. The oxylipins of these polar complex lipid species include oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), dinor-OPDA (dnOPDA), 18-carbon ketol acids, and 16-carbon ketol acids. Using ESI triple-Q MS in the precursor mode, the accumulation of five OPDA- and/or dnOPDA-containing MGDG and two OPDA-containing DGDG species were monitored as a function of time in mechanically wounded leaves. In unwounded leaves, the levels of these oxylipin-containing complex lipid species were low, between 0.001 and 0.023 nmol/mg dry weight. However, within the first 15 min after wounding, the levels of OPDA-dnOPDA MGDG, OPDA-OPDA MGDG, and OPDA-OPDA DGDG, each containing two oxylipin chains, increased 200- to 1,000-fold. In contrast, levels of OPDA-hexadecatrienoic acid MGDG, linolenic acid (18:3)-dnOPDA MGDG, OPDA-18:3 MGDG, and OPDA-18:3 DGDG, each containing a single oxylipin chain, rose 2- to 9-fold. The rapid accumulation of high levels of galactolipid species containing OPDA-OPDA and OPDA-dnOPDA in wounded leaves is consistent with these lipids being the primary products of plastidic oxylipin biosynthesis.

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Two-stage thermoacoustic electricity generator with push-pull linear alternator

This study focuses on the design, construction and experimental evaluation of a thermoacoustic electricity generator prototype with a push-pull linear alternator. The push-pull coupling offers a solution to run the looped-tube thermoacoustic engine at high acoustic impedance using one alternator. The novel configuration of the engine consists of two identical half-wavelength stages with an alternator connected between them. A simulation was carried out using the DeltaEC programme. The modelling started by investigating the required acoustic field for the alternator. The engine modelling has been done as half of the engine which is one-stage, because the DeltaEC shooting method showed that it was unable to run two identical stages. The engine is 16.02 m long and run at 55.1 Hz. The simulation showed that it is possible to produce more than 133 W of electricity at a thermal-to-electric efficiency of 23% while using helium pressurized at 28 bar. In practice, the engine failed to self-start. After exciting it to run by an external pulse, an electric power of 48.6 W was generated with a thermal-to-electric efficiency of 2.7%. The high heat leak detected was reduced by installing an insulating gasket between the ambient heat exchanger and regenerator holder, which encouraged the electricity generation to increase. The engine became self-starting when the regenerator thickness was reduced from 73 mm to 71.8 mm. The maximum generated electric power was 73.3 W at 3.33% thermal-to-electric efficiency at a heating power of 2200 W, and a maximum efficiency of 3.6% was achieved at 71.9 W electric power at a heating power of 2000 W. The success of the two-stage engine with a push-pull linear alternator encouraged modelling and design of a four-stage engine with two push-pull linear alternators able to generate up to 269 W of electricity, theoretically.

Topic: Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE STAFF OF LOKAWISATA BATURRADEN IN USING ENGLISH

Tourism in Indonesia develops from time to time to attract foreign tourists with various types of tourist attractions. Currently the most visited tourist attraction and a favorite of tourists is nature tourism. Lokawisata Baturraden is located in Dusun I Karangmangu, Kec. Baturaden, Kab. Banyumas, Central Java.The purposes are to find out the difficulties in serving foreign tourists, the obstacles, and the solutions from the staff of the foreign Lokawisata Baturraden. The method used is observation, shows that there are still tourist attractions that do not yet provide tour guides who can speak English and many tourist staff do not understand English.

Topic: Arabic Language Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design and Optimization of a Control Framework for Robot Assisted Additive Manufacturing Based on the Stewart Platform

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is an emerging technology. The existing additive manufacturing technologies deploy a 3-axis printing mechanism where the material accumulation grows only in the z-direction. This results in limited printing freedom. Apart from this, support structures are needed to print overhang structures. Removal of these supports ultimately reduces print quality. This paper proposes a novel robot-assisted additive manufacturing along with a control system framework, which possesses multi-directional printing without support structures. Taking the advantage of its high stiffness and high payload-to-weight ratio, a 6-degree of freedom Stewart platform manipulator is designed to substitute the printer build plate. The kinematics and dynamics of the manipulator is formulated. Then, an extended proportion-derivation sliding mode controller is designed for trajectory tracking. The modified grey wolf optimization algorithm is applied to compute the optimal controller parameters. The integral absolute error (IAE) is used as a cost function and its minimum value is reached in the iteration interval [75,100]. The analytical model simulation in MATLAB is run for 10 seconds, and the results show that the desired length trajectories of the six legs of the manipulator are achieved after 3.5 seconds. The performance of the analytical model is verified on the automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems (ADAMS).

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences