jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Video transmission in vehicular network : prototype development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are various types of video transmission techniques available in the market today depending on the users’ requirements and also the resources available. The video playback can be interactive, meaning that a client can control the playback of a video; pause, play, rewind or fast forward. Then, there are requirements where the video has to be continuously stream without any interruptions or disturbance. Thus, the proper streaming protocols have to chosen to ensure that the video transmission and playback occurs as it should. The main goal of this project is to be able to implement the most effective way for video transmission in a public transport communications network. The process goes like this: 1. There is a laptop (client host) in a bus. 2. As the bus moves into the bus stop, the laptop downloads video data from a wireless network access point at the bus stop. 3. When the bus moves out of the bus stop, the buffered video is played. This project will thus involve software development to facilitate video downloading and playout. The software will operated in the laptop which is to be installed on the bus. The main server, on the other hand is connected to the wireless network access point over a wired network.
A polarization-agile waveguide slot antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a new waveguide slot configuration able to radiate a circular polarization with a very low axial ratio. Both LH and RH circular polarization can be independently obtained, and therefore this configuration can be used as a polarization agile antenna. The proposed antenna consists of two very closed radiating slots, so a specialized Method of Moments code have been developed to analyze the near field interaction between such slots.
Tolerance to Caspofungin in Candida albicans Is Associated with at Least Three Distinctive Mechanisms That Govern Expression of FKS Genes and Cell Wall Remodeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Expanding echinocandin use to prevent or treat invasive fungal infections has led to an increase in the number of breakthrough infections due to resistant Candida species. Although it is uncommon, echinocandin resistance is well documented for Candida albicans , which is among the most prevalent bloodstream organisms. A better understanding is needed to assess the cellular factors that promote tolerance and predispose infecting cells to clinical breakthrough. We previously showed that some mutants that were adapted to growth in the presence of toxic sorbose due to loss of one chromosome 5 (Ch5) also became more tolerant to caspofungin. We found here, following direct selection of mutants on caspofungin, that tolerance can be conferred by at least three mechanisms: (i) monosomy of Ch5, (ii) combined monosomy of the left arm and trisomy of the right arm of Ch5, and (iii) an aneuploidy-independent mechanism. Tolerant mutants possessed cell walls with elevated chitin and showed downregulation of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, namely, FKS , located outside Ch5, and CHT2 , located on Ch5, irrespective of Ch5 ploidy. Also irrespective of Ch5 ploidy, the CNB1 and MID1 genes on Ch5, which are involved in the calcineurin signaling pathway, were expressed at the diploid level. Thus, multiple mechanisms can affect the relative expression of the aforementioned genes, controlling them in similar ways. Although breakthrough mutations in two specific regions of FKS1 have previously been associated with caspofungin resistance, we found mechanisms of caspofungin tolerance that are independent of FKS1 and thus represent an earlier event in resistance development.
Determination of fault probabilities for ARAIM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two critical parameters for Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) are the probability of satellite fault, Psat, and the probability of constellation fault, Pconst. A satellite fault is one whose root cause is only capable of affecting a single satellite; while a constellation fault has a root cause that is capable of affecting more than one satellite at the same time. This paper provides more specific definitions for each of these fault types. We describe how performance commitments supplied by Constellation Service Providers (CSPs) are used to complete the fault definitions and to estimate their probability of occurrence. Providing a precise definition of what constitutes a fault is essential so that all observers are able to agree on whether or not one has occurred. This paper is intended to lead to a framework for an open and transparent system for determining these parameters. This framework is intended to be the basis for an internationally agreed upon process for determining the fault rates that may be safely used for ARAIM.
Pedagogy, not policing. Positive approaches to academic integrity at the university.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At last, here is a complete volume that aims to promote a series of positive and educationally sound approaches to academic integrity that are, to my mind, long overdue. The book is, as the editors point out, the product of the Future Professoriate Program (FPP) of the Syracuse University Graduate School. Its aim is to inspire readers to â€œfeel affirmed as educatorsâ€: It is good to remember that in many ways, promoting academic integrity is not something new we have to conform to; it is something that happens naturally whenever we are active learners and thoughtful educators. (p. 2) In questioning some of the familiar assumptions about academic integrity which pose barriers to active learning and thoughtful pedagogy, this volume represents a welcome leap forward to wrench the primary focus away from policing and punishment and directing it towards sound teaching practice. View the PDF for the full review
Single particle dynamics in liquid crystalline phases formed by filamentous viruses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This thesis treats the dynamics of the different liquid crystalline mesophases and phase transitions of a model colloidal of rod-like particles: the fd viruses. The study of the self-organization of colloidal liquid crystals treats the simplest phenomena of forming structured systems. In a system where anisotropie particles have hard core interactions, the self-organization is purely entropy driven due to the maximization of the free volume of the system. Thus, there is a change on the dynamics at single particle level that can be measured, providing information on the available free volume and the structure of the mesophase.The fd rods are a versatile colloidal system and their self-dynamics can be accurately measured using fluorescence microscopy techniques. We quantify the relaxation of the dynamics around the phase transitions and the effect of flexibility and length as a mechanism to release the constraint of their neighbors. Moreover, in a guest-host lamellar structure we demonstrate that a big guest particle is faster than the small host, if the guest particle is not commensurate in the host energy landscape. In these conditions, also the super-diffusion of the guest particle is observed when it diffuses into a grain boundary. This is a step forward to understand the dynamics of colloidal structured systems and also in the development the new materials based on fast diffusers with potential applications in drug delivery. The extensive experimental results are completed by a whole analysis and interpretation, being very promising and challenging.
On some boundary value problems for systems of pseudoparabolic equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study a boundary value problem for a system of two pseudoparabolic equations when for one of the functions the initial data and its values at the final time are given. Existence and uniqueness theorems for this problem are proven with the help of the properties of solutions to some nonlocal and inverse problems for a pseudoparabolic equation which are established in this article.
Quality of Reported Earnings: An Empirical Study of Indian Banking Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Earnings management (EM) practices by bank managers can prove to be very precarious in smooth running of the financial system of a country. The failure of financial system shocks the entire economy. The present paper aims to assess the quality of earnings in the Indian banking industry. EM is estimated by employing a bank-specific model that measures EM through loan loss provision (LLP) and realized security gains and losses (RSGL). The findings exhibit that public banks practice income increasing and private banks practice income decreasing EM, whereas, combined result reinforces the practice of income decreasing EM. The results indicate that public sector banks use both LLP and RSGL to manage earnings whereas private sector banks increasingly rely on RSGL. Further, direction of EM is gauged by classifying EM on the basis of quartiles. This study has implication for regulators, investor and depositors. Regulators should be stricter regarding policies of LLP. Apart from earnings, investor and depositors should be considered other measures of stability of banks like capital adequacy ratio because earnings may be manipulated.
Death by austerity? The impact of cost containment on avoidable mortality in Italy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Does austerity in health care affect health and healthcare outcomes? We examine the intended and unintended effects of the Italian austerity policy Piano di Rientro aimed at containing the cost of the healthcare sector. Using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits the temporal and geographical variation induced by the policy rollout, we find that the policy was successful in alleviating deficits by reducing expenditure, mainly in the southern regions, but also resulted in a 3% rise in avoidable deaths among both men and women, a reduction in hospital capacity and a rise in south‐to‐north patient migration. These findings suggest that—even in a high‐income country with relatively low avoidable mortality like Italy—spending cuts can hurt survival.
Eucalyptus Essential Oil‐Doped Alginate Fibers as a Potent Antibacterial Wound Dressing

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) mainly consists of a natural organic compound named eucalyptol (1,8 cineole). It is a potential anti‐inflammatory, antiseptic, and antibacterial substance owing to its germicidal properties. Wound Dressing based on alginate fibers are also well known for caring of moderate‐ to highly exuding chronic and acute wounds. So, it was intended to load alginate with cineole to obtain a natural antibacterial fiber. EEO was loaded to a spinning dope of alginate. EEO‐doped alginate fibers were fabricated by wet spinning method, and then as‐spun fibers were consolidated in coagulation baths containing divalent cations. The cineol content of EEO, as its most active antibacterial agent, was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and their tensile mechanical properties were determined by a Shirley's strength tester. Antibacterial efficiency of samples was studied by measuring their zone of inhibition against a gram‐positive organism ( Staphylococcus aureus ) in accordance with American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATTC) test method 147. The cross section of EEO‐loaded alginate fibers was rounder and their tensile mechanical properties didn't decline significantly in comparison with unloaded alginate fibers. The presence of antibacterial activity observed for loaded samples and improved by increasing the EEO content of fibers. To consider the produced antibacterial activity and intrinsic properties of alginate, EEO‐loaded alginate fibers are proposed for occlusive or semiocclusive Wound Dressing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21408; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/adv.21408
Post-Mortem Analysis of Diazinon and its major Metabolite, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine, in a Case of Fatal Diazinon Ingestion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This case report describes a detection and quantitation method for diazinon and its major metabolite, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMHP), in postmortem blood and tissue samples from a fatal case of diazinon ingestion. Diazinon and IMHP were extracted from postmortem samples with a liquid/liquid method and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). By comparing to diazinon standard and matching the retention time, diazinon was detected in two visceral organs, the stomach (0.89 μg/g) and the small intestine (8.80 μg/g). The highest level of diazinon was detected in the small intestine (8.80 μg/g), whereas the highest amount of IMHP was noted in the kidney (0.84 Area %) and bladder (0.75 Area %). In conclusion, determination of IMHP in postmortem samples could be used as an indicator for diazinon exposure, especially in the case of delayed death; whereas, the small intestine could be the best source of sample in diazinon assessment in cases of fatal diazinon ingestion.
Islamic Traditions [IO Bijapur 374]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tradition. This manuscript is now IO Bijapur 374 in the India Office collections. [metadata: Otto Loth, A Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, (volume 1), no. 183 here with further notations and hyperlinks]. 183. B 374. Size 61/2 in. by 4 in.; foll. 157. Between twenty-two and fourteen lines in a page. An incomplete copy of the same work, written in various Nasta’liḳ hands. The beginning is wanting, and there are defects after foll. 58, 64, 94, and 148. The work terminates on fol. 151v., I. 1, where it is immediately followed by an extract from Abu’l-Sa’âdât [IBN] AL-ATHÎR’s کتاب المختار فی مناقب الاخیار1. Imperfect at the end. Fol. 157, a stray leaf, probably belongs to the same extract. Cat. 226, xxxvi. 1 Sic. Cf. Ḥ. Kh. v. 438.
Ultrastructural study of the early development of the gregarine parasite grebneckiella nixellae misra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eugregarines, amongst all the sporozoans are unique in that the trophozoite shows the differentiation of the body into three distinct zones a. epimerite, b. protomerite and c. deutomerite. G. pixellae. which is a parasite in the midgut of the common centipede Scolopendra marsitans. is a typical example of eugregarines and was used in this study to trace the ultrastructural features of the various zones of the trophozoite as well as the development of these structures during the early (intra-cellular) part of the life cycle. Sporozoite which is released from the spore in the midgut of the host, has an ellipsoid shape and a very simple organization. The body, enveloped by a typical plasma membrane, contains a centrally placed nucleus, a few mitochondria and a large number of electron dense granules. The sporozoites make their way into the epithelial cells lining the midgut and start intracellular development. The sporozoite become oval and increase in size.
Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Foliage Clumping Improve Satellite-Based NIRv Estimates of Gross Primary Production

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring gross primary production (GPP) is necessary for quantifying the terrestrial carbon balance. The near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) has been proven to be a good predictor of GPP. Given that radiation powers photosynthesis, we hypothesized that (i) the addition of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) information to NIRv would improve estimates of GPP and that (ii) a further improvement would be obtained by incorporating the estimates of radiation distribution in the canopy provided by the foliar clumping index (CI). Thus, we used GPP data from FLUXNET sites to test these possible improvements by comparing the performance of a model based solely on NIRv with two other models, one combining NIRv and PPFD and the other combining NIRv, PPFD and the CI of each vegetation cover type. We tested the performance of these models for different types of vegetation cover, at various latitudes and over the different seasons. Our results demonstrate that the addition of daily radiation information and the clumping index for each vegetation cover type to the NIRv improves its ability to estimate GPP. The improvement was related to foliage organization, given that the foliar distribution in the canopy (CI) affects radiation distribution and use and that radiation drives productivity. Evergreen needleleaf forests are the vegetation cover type with the greatest improvement in GPP estimation after the addition of CI information, likely as a result of their greater radiation constraints. Vegetation type was more determinant of the sensitivity to PPFD changes than latitude or seasonality. We advocate for the incorporation of PPFD and CI into NIRv algorithms and GPP models to improve GPP estimates.
Glucolipotoxic induction of proinflammatory cell signalling pathways in pancreatic β-cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes is a complex multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by elevate glucose blood levels. Among genetic factors, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can trigger and exacerbate diabetogenesis. There are several reports describing how chronically elevated glucose and fatty acids lead to a gradual loss of pancreatic β-cell mass and function (Rhodes, 2005) (Mathis, Vence, & Benoist, 2005). Increased metabolic stress results in activation of proinflammatory signalling pathways, which ultimately lead to β-cell death. Recent high-density microarray experiments, on the INS-1 pancreatic β-cell transcriptome (Mark D. Turner, unpublished data), have identified genes and proteins whose expression is most sensible to the glucolipotoxic environment. Among 10% of genes found to show two-fold increase in expression (following exposure to glucolipotoxicity), the strongest candidate linked to islet inflammation and β-cell death was found to be TNFRSF5 (encoding CD40/TNFR5). This data was confirmed by independent quantitative PCR analysis (Mark D. Turner, unpublished data) showing a 3.62 fold change in TNFRSF5 expression, induced by high glucose and fatty acid environment. CD40/TNFR5 protein expression was examined in detail through a combination of Western Blot and confocal microscopy. Moreover, CD40 molecular function was confirmed using an RNA interference strategy in order to knock-down CD40 and subsequently, studying the effects of knock-down on molecules likely to have a major role in CD40 signalling. These included TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6, STAT1 and NF-kB. These studies show that, among all the genes most likely related to inflammation and apoptosis, CD40 is the most upregulated. Furthermore, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6 and STAT1 show upregulation in the same experimental conditions. A similar pattern of CD40 upregulation was also described in isolated mouse islets, high fat-fed mice and human islets (donated post-mortem); therefore, this may be a possible conserved pathway of cellular death, triggered by glucolipotoxicity.
Evaluation of different doses of medetomidine for the induction of emesis in cats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the emetic effect of medetomidine, determine the best dose for clinical practice and investigate any adverse effects at different doses. Methods In this prospective, observational study, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/kg of medetomidine was administered intramuscularly (IM) to cats after ingestion of foreign substances, to induce emesis. The success rate, frequency, time after injection, sedation score and adverse effects were recorded. If induction of emesis was not successful after 10 or 20 µg/kg medetomidine, a second bolus of medetomidine (20 µg/kg IM) was administered 10 mins later. Results A total of 58 cats were included after foreign material ingestion. Emesis was achieved with all doses of medetomidine (39/58), whereby the highest success rate was reached with 20 µg/kg (13/17). The success rate after the first injection was not statistically different between the different medetomidine doses ( P = 0.457). The median time to emesis after the first injection of medetomidine for all cats was 5 mins (range 3–14). The sedation score was lower after 10 µg/kg medetomidine compared with 40 µg/kg ( P = 0.013). The most common adverse effect was sedation. Medetomidine was antagonised with atipamezole in 47/58 cats. Conclusions and relevance Medetomidine is an effective drug for inducing emesis in cats and is a reasonable alternative to other alpha 2 -agonists. The most successful dose with the least adverse effects was 20 µg/kg IM.
Catalytic Conversion of Used Oil to Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Fractionating Pyrolysis Reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil was carried out in the presence of different amounts of HZSM-5 at 400 and 420 °C in a reactor equipped with a fractionating packed column, the length of which was varied. The products consisted of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, acids, CO, CO2, water, and coke. The compositions of the gaseous and liquid products were studied by gas chromatography. The product yields and compositions were affected by catalyst content, temperature, and column length. Nearly complete conversion (96.6%) of the used oil and the maximum liquid hydrocarbon yield (33%) were obtained at the highest temperature (420 °C), highest catalyst content (20%), and the lowest column length (180 mm) employed. The aromatic hydrocarbon contents of the liquid hydrocarbon products, which consisted of hydrocarbons of gasoline range, were in general lower than those obtained using fixed bed reactors but increased parallel to the increase in catalyst content. Additional thermal reactions taking place in this type of reactor increased with the increase in column length. Although the total conversion and total liquid hydrocarbon yields were influenced adversely by these reactions, liquid products with higher isomeric hydrocarbon contents were obtained with longer columns.
Correction: Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Protein BAG3 Negatively Regulates Ebola and Marburg VP40-Mediated Egress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Correction: Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Protein BAG3 Negatively Regulates Ebola and Marburg VP40-Mediated Egress</p>
The Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Method of Hydrochloride Clenbuterol Residue

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This paper introduced several test methods of detecting Hydrochloride Clenbuterol residue of zoogenic tissue,to discussthe advantage and disadvantage of these methods.At percent,the test method of incorporation local qualitative analysis withlaboratory quantitative analysis is good for detecting Hydrochloride Clenbuterol.
Quantitative Bioanalysis of Proteins by Digestion and LC–MS/MS: The Use of Multiple Signature Peptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The use of multiple signature peptides for the quantification of proteins by digestion and LC-MS/MS is reviewed and evaluated here. A distinction is made based on the purpose of the use of multiple peptides: confirmation of the protein concentration, discrimination between different protein forms or species and in vivo biotransformation. Most reports that describe methods with at least two peptides use these for confirmation, but it is not always mentioned how the peptides are used and how possible differences in concentration between the peptides are handled. Differences in concentration are often reported in the case of monitoring different protein forms or in vivo biotransformation, and this offers insight into the biological fate of the protein.