jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Primary Breast Lymphoma: A Rare Clinical Entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Localized primary breast lymphoma is very rare. The typical clinical and radiographic presentation of isolated primary breast lymphoma mimics that of breast adenocarcinoma. Histologic diagnosis of primary breast lymphoma relies heavily on Hematoxylin and Eosin pathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical staining. Cytotoxic systemic chemotherapy is the primary treatment for this disease with the occasional need for adjuvant radiation therapy or surgical resection. This case report outlines the diagnosis and management of a patient with primary breast lymphoma.
Touching the Data: Exploring Data Sonification on Mobile Touchscreen Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper suggests using mobile touchscreen devices to assist students with vision loss in working with data. It presents an integrated approach that combines current sonification methods with interactive multi-touch gesture-based exploration of data, designed to aid students in mental visualization and comprehension of data and function plots. This approach aims to help students with vision loss study independently of support centres, collaborate with their peers, and participate in group studies. Initial user study evaluating this approach and demonstrating its feasibility is presented; further research pathways are also discussed.
Pass the Crayons: Leadership, Art Production, and Communities of Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The results of an arts-based leadership (Kelehear, 2006, 2008) practice at a rural middle school in South Carolina are examined. The school principal and art teacher led a day-long staff development and followed up individually to assist teachers to create art as metaphor for individual growth plans as well as school improvement plans. Specifically, the arts-based initiative sought to invite professional conversations that focused on: 1) personal reflections, 2) multiple perspectives, and 3) art making. Findings suggest that when the art teacher and principal work in collaboration, there is real value in an arts-based leadership practice. Also, when led by the art teacher, teacher reflections suggested that as the principal worked alongside the teachers, they felt valued and supported and viewed the principal as authentic and trusting. Additionally, out of the engendered trust, the teachers were emboldened to consider innovative, arts-based approaches to their teaching. Finally, there was evidence that the art teacher was highly effective in introducing innovative leadership practices as teachers. This study is one of several implementation studies emerging from earlier research on arts-based leadership.
Research and development (R&D) portfolio management in the electric utility sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The electric utility industry, unlike most other technology‐intensive industries, does not spend much money or effort on research and development. Many utilities do not possess an in‐house R&D facility, nor is there an R&D line item in their budgets. Over the last several decades the rate of change in the electric utility industry has been very slow and in‐house R&D efforts have not been required. As the rate of change in the industry is beginning to change, the need to pursue R&D is increasing. The electric utility industry is responding to this increasing requirement by increasing R&D budgets, and in some cases re‐initiating the R&D process within individual utilities. The purpose of this paper is to focus on R&D portfolio management efforts of various actors from different industrial sectors, to find out the best practices by using benchmarking method. Design/methodology/approach The paper used case study approach and on‐site interviews as research methods. Findings The authors found that R&D management is in its infancy in the electric utility sector, while the methods established in the manufacturing sector are applicable there. Originality/value This study is exploring R&D management in the electric utility sector and contributes to the service innovation research stream.
The effective assessment of clinical legal education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In January 2003, a new unit was established under the auspices of the Human Rights and Social Justice Research Institute of London Metropolitan University to deal with human rights cases from Russia (see Leach, 2003). The new unit, the European Human Rights Advocacy Centre (EHRAC), is assisting lawyers and non-governmental organisations based in Russia to utilise the European Convention on Human Rights (which Russia ratified in 1998) by providing advice and assistance in taking cases to the European Court of Human Rights. By March 2003 EHRAC was already advising on cases alleging very serious human rights abuses arising out of armed conflict in Chechnya and the first (law) students at London Metropolitan University had begun to assist EHRAC’s staff. One of the goals of EHRAC is, in due course, to introduce aspects of 'clinical legal education' into the curriculum of students studying human rights law, practice and theory.
Apoptosis resistance induced by cytokines in SW 982 culture was suppressed by red jasmine rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) crude extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Rhuematoid arthritis (RA) is associated with in fl ammation of the synovial membranewhich results in an abnormal proliferation and resistance to the apoptosis process in synovialfi broblasts leading to synovial hyperplasia and joint destruction. Reversal of apoptosis resistance of fibroblasts in RA synovium is one of the targets for suppression of RA pathogenesis.Objectives This study aimed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of crude extract of redjasmine rice (CE) on proin fl ammatory cytokine-stimulated apoptosis resistance in a human synovialsarcoma cell line (SW982).Methods SW982 cells were preincubated for 6 hours with combined cytokines, tumor necrosisfactor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17-A (IL-17A). That was followed by the addition of CE at a concentration of 12.50-100 μg/ml. After either 24 or 48 hours of incubation, expression of apoptotic relatedgenes, including the FLICE-like inhibitory protein gene (FLIP), the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2), andthe pro-apoptotic gene (Bax), was determined by real-time PCR. Expression of the apoptotic cellswas determined by fl ow cytometric analysis and the caspase-3 activity was analyzed by ELISA.Results The expression of the apoptosis resistance markers, FLIP and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, was signi fi -cantly elevated when the cells were treated with the combined cytokines compared with the controlgroup. These markers were signi fi cantly decreased when co-treated with CE. These results wereconcomitant with a rise in caspase-3 activity and an increase in apoptotic cells when compared tothe cytokine-treated group.Conclusions CE reduces cytokine-induced apoptotic resistance in SW982 cells via down regulation of the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. These results suggest application of CE is an alternative treatment of RA.
Assessment of Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress and Its Correlation with 25-hydroxy Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndromeoxy Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinology disorder affecting women in the years of reproduction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a result of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation and is widely utilized as a trustworthy indicator of peroxidation of lipids and oxidative damage. Conversely, Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue affecting around one billion individuals. 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ is linked to multiple metabolic processes and reproduction facets of women with PCOS and thus may contribute to the PCOS pathophysiology.Objectives: To measure and compare serum malondialdehyde levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentrations between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) versus age-matched healthy controls and to investigate the correlation between malondialdehyde and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ levels in both groups to elucidate potential mechanistic links between oxidative stress and vitamin D deficiency in PCOS pathophysiology.Methods: The present case-control research was conducted at the Infertility Centre of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, Diyala Governorate, Iraq, in collaboration with the Biochemistry Department at the College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, from April 2024 to January 2025. A total of 132 women aged 18-40 years were included in this study, comprising 66 PCOS cases and 66 healthy controls. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessed the concentrations of serum malondialdehyde and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3.Results: The results indicated markedly elevated serum malondialdehyde concentrations within the PCOS group compared to the controls. The concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in the PCOS group were considerably reduced compared to the controls. A significant negative correlation was found between serum malondialdehyde levels and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in the PCOS Group.Conclusion: The current study showed that PCOS cases had much higher MDA levels than controls, probably indicating that they have experienced more oxidative stress. The level of 25(OH)D showed a common lack of this vitamin in the PCOS cases.
Real-Time Monitoring of Chromophore Isomerization and Deprotonation during the Photoactivation of the Fluorescent Protein Dronpa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dronpa is a photochromic green fluorescent protein (GFP) homologue used as a probe in super-resolution microscopy. It is known that the photochromic reaction involves cis/trans isomerization of the chromophore and protonation/deprotonation of its phenol group, but the sequence in time of the two steps and their characteristic time scales are still the subject of much debate. We report here a comprehensive UV-visible transient absorption spectroscopy study of the photoactivation mechanism of Dronpa, covering all relevant time scales from ∼100 fs to milliseconds. The Dronpa-2 variant was also studied and showed the same behavior. By carefully controlling the excitation energy to avoid multiphoton processes, we could measure both the spectrum and the anisotropy of the first photoactivation intermediate. We show that the observed few nanometer blue-shift of this intermediate is characteristic for a neutral cis chromophore, and that its anisotropy of ∼0.2 is in good agreement with the reorientation of the transition dipole moment expected upon isomerization. These data constitute the first clear evidence that trans → cis isomerization of the chromophore precedes its deprotonation and occurs on the picosecond time scale, concomitantly to the excited-state decay. We found the deprotonation step to follow in ∼10 μs and lead directly from the neutral cis intermediate to the final state.
Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Parecoxib and Its Active Metabolite Valdecoxib after Parenteral Parecoxib Administration in Children

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Parecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor used in management of postoperative pain in adults. This study aimed to provide pediatric pharmacokinetic information for parecoxib and its active metabolite valdecoxib. Methods Thirty-eight children undergoing surgery received parecoxib (1 mg/kg IV to a maximum of 40 mg) at induction of anesthesia, and plasma samples were collected for drug measurement. Population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Area under the valdecoxib concentration-time curve and time above cyclooxygenase-2 in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration for free valdecoxib were simulated. Results A three-compartment model best represented parecoxib disposition, whereas one compartment was adequate for valdecoxib. Age was linearly correlated with parecoxib clearance (5.0% increase/yr). There was a sigmoid relationship between age and both valdecoxib clearance and distribution volume. Time to 50% maturation was 87 weeks postmenstrual age for both. In simulations using allometric-based doses the 90% prediction interval of valdecoxib concentration-time curve in children 2-12.7 yr included the mean for adults given 40 mg parecoxib IV. Simulated free valdecoxib plasma concentration remained above the in vitro 50% inhibitory concentrations for more than 12 h. In children younger than 2 yr, a dose reduction is likely required due to ongoing metabolic maturation. Conclusions The final pharmacokinetic model gave a robust representation of parecoxib and valdecoxib disposition. Area under the valdecoxib concentration-time curve was similar to that in adults (40 mg), and simulated free valdecoxib concentration was above the cyclooxygenase-2 in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration for free valdecoxib for at least 12 h.
The Middle English medical charm: Register, genre and text type variables

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is an attempt to characterize the Middle English charm as a genre through an analysis of a substantial number of texts taken from a variety of sources. After reviewing some prior theoretical approaches to this genre, I offer a complete description of the charm from a systemic functional perspective that reconciles both the linguistic and the social aspects of charms. First I concentrate on their generic structure potential and the key linguistic realizations frequently associated to each one of the structural stages. After this, I analyze the variables pertaining to the context of situation to conclude that the charm genre is addressed to virtually any type of audience, and that it belongs to the learned tradition, as suggested by the lack of affectiveness in these texts and the appropriate use of botanical and religious terminology.
Sulfido-bridged rhenium–carbonyl complexes with planar and folded Re2S2cores

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The two sulfido-bridged dirhenium complexes bis(μ-4-methoxy­phenyl­sulfido-S)bis­(tetra­carbonyl­rhenium), [Re2(C7H7­OS)2­(CO)8], and bis(μ-naphthyl­sulfido-S)bis[tricarbonyl(dicyclohexylphosphane)rhenium], [Re2­(C12­H23P)2(C10H7S)2­(CO)6], show different geometries of the common Re2S2 core. The 4-methoxy­phenyl derivative has crystallographic \overline 1 symmetry and the naphthyl derivative has C2 symmetry. This results from intramolecular repulsion due to different substitution patterns at the Re and S atoms.
A Multi-Stakeholder Dairy Platform for the Asia-Pacific Region: Justification and Issues to be Considered for Formation and Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the importance of dairy in Asia and its diverse characteristics, stakeholders have proposed to create dairy platform to facilitate sharing of knowledge and experiences. A review of several existing regional and global multi-stakeholder platforms reveal that there is no single model for organizing and managing a platform or forum or alliance for joint action across countries. And participation from the Asia-Pacific region in the established regional and global platforms related to livestock and/or dairy is minimal partly because priority of those platforms is to address problems and issues facing the developed country dairy industries and partly because of lack of resources of many small stakeholders in the region to widely and actively engage in those platforms. Therefore there is a need for creating a voluntary open platform by stakeholders in the region to (a) Promote dialogue towards enhancing common understanding of development issues and their solutions,(b) build consensus on the role of dairy towards sustainable food security and nutrition and (c)catalyse stakeholder commitments to action and on-the-ground improvements through exchange and dissemination of knowledge and experience. The paper outlines various issues and options for building such a platform.
Neck Shaft Angle After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences between expected and postoperative neck shaft angle (NSA) in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Implant size and geometry, together with the humeral cut level and entry point, can all influence humeral stem alignment in RSA. It has been reported that lower NSA can reduce scapular notching, heterotopic ossification, and pain, while improving range of motion, notably in adduction. Short uncemented and convertible stems are gaining popularity as they preserve bone stock and facilitate revision surgery, though they remain more difficult to align than long stems that serve as intramedullary guides. The authors retrospectively reviewed immediate postoperative radiographs of a consecutive series of 159 patients, comprising 57 men (36%) and 102 women (64%), who underwent RSA with a short uncemented convertible stem with constant NSA of 145°. The parameters measured included NSA, defined as the angle between the diaphyseal axis and the perpendicular to the reversed tray, and canal fill ratio (CFR), calculated by dividing the mediolateral width of the stem by that of the inner bone cortex, both measured perpendicular to the diaphyseal axis 1 cm below the medial calcar-prosthesis junction. The inter-observer agreement was excellent for both NSA and CFR (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.81, respectively). The postoperative NSA was 149°±7.9° (range, 133.5°–176.5°) and CFR was 57.7%±8.2% (range, 38.6%–74.0%). The mean postoperative NSA was greater than expected by 4.0°±7.9° (range, -11.5°–31.5°), exceeding 5° of valgus in 71 shoulders (45%) and exceeding 5° varus in 15 shoulders (9%). Univariable linear regression revealed that absolute deviation between expected and postoperative NSA (misalignment) decreased significantly with CFR (beta, -13.1; p=0.023). While short uncemented stems offer several advantages in RSA, they remain challenging to align within the humerus, particularly if undersized. Misalignment of 5° or more was observed in more than half this series, and surgeons should reduce such alignment errors that may compromise clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Improving the performance properties of gears for mining equipment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Deformation hardening ‐ important technological factor of management of carburized layer substructure. The formation of a favorable substructure ‐ substructure with high resistance to local microplastic deformation ‐ occurs in conditions of development of competitive processes. On a degree of their development is renders the influence of initial structural condition of a carburized layer, which, except chemical composition, is defined by technology of thermochemical treatment. To number of the factors, dependent from technology of thermochemical treatment, concern: carbon saturation in the carburized layer, the martensite morphology and carbon concentration in it, volumetric share of a redundant carbide phase and its distribution in a carburized layer.
The Effects of Land Use and Landform Transformation on the Vertical Distribution of Soil Nitrogen in Small Catchments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The diversity of land use and consolidation is fundamental to ensuring sustainable development. However, the impact of diverse land uses and consolidation on the well-known shallow accumulation pattern of soil nitrogen (N) remains unclear. This existence of this knowledge gap severely constrains the sustainable production of newly created farmland. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of land use and gully land transformation on the vertical distribution of soil N in agricultural and nature catchments. Methodologically, soil nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured to a depth of 100 cm in the hillslope forestland, grassland and gully cropland areas of the treated (gully landform reshaping) and untreated (natural gully) catchments on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The results indicated that soil N in the hillslope forestland and grassland exhibited a shallow accumulation pattern, while the vertical distribution of soil N in the gully cropland areas displayed a homogeneous, random or deep accumulation pattern. In the hillslope areas, vegetable cover was the dominant factor controlling N variation in the topsoil. In contrast, in the gully areas, the interaction of landform transformation and hydrology was the primary factor influencing the distribution of soil N. In the treated catchment, soil NO3− exhibited a significant deep accumulation pattern in the newly created farmland through gully landform reshaping. In the untreated catchment, soil NH4+ showed a significant deep accumulation pattern in the undisturbed natural gully. This study provides valuable insights into how land use and gully landform transformation affect the soil N profile. This information is crucial for the sustainable development and scientific management of valley agriculture at the catchment scale.
ON THE COMPARISON OF QUEUEING SYSTEMS WITH THEIR FLUID LIMITS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we study a method to compare queueing systems and their fluid limits. For a certain class of queueing systems, it is shown that the expected workload (and certain functions of the workload) is higher in the queueing system than in the fluid approximation. This class is characterized by convexity of the value function in the state component(s) where external arrivals occur. The main example that we consider is a tandem of multiserver queues with general service times and Markov-modulated arrivals. The analysis is based on dynamic programming and the use of phase-type distributions. Numerical examples to illustrate the results are also given.
New sonar technologies using lower sound pressure levels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Depending on the conditions, modern active sonar equipment is capable of detecting targets up to distances of about 100 km. To reach this goal, high sound-pressure levels up to 220 dB or more are usually necessary. Simultaneously, this sound-pressure level dramatically increases the probability of being detected, which represents a tactical disadvantage. A second problem arose in the last few years. Sometimes it is assumed that there could be some influences on the marine environment due to the high sound intensities. A new active sonar method and its signal processing is proposed. It could also be applied for acoustical oceanography applications, e.g., seafloor classification. By maintaining very wide frequency ranges during very long time periods, the high sound-pressure level can be reduced drastically. This results in a low probability of being intercepted and also in a reduced influence on the environment. For a realization of this method, four main topics have to be investigated: (1) improved broadband transducers, (2) special designed signal types, (3) a new signal processing concept, and (4) detailed calculations of sound propagation taking into account the local sea and seafloor properties.