jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Residual Tau-Fluvalinate in Honey Bee Colonies Is Coupled with Evidence for Selection for Varroa destructor Resistance to Pyrethroids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Varroa destructor is considered one of the most devastating parasites of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, and a major problem for the beekeeping industry. Currently, the main method to control Varroa mites is the application of drugs that contain different acaricides as active ingredients. The pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate is one of the acaricides most widely used in beekeeping due to its efficacy and low toxicity to bees. However, the intensive and repetitive application of this compound produces a selective pressure that, when maintained over time, contributes to the emergence of resistant mites in the honey bee colonies, compromising the acaricidal treatments efficacy. Here we studied the presence of tau-fluvalinate residues in hives and the evolution of genetic resistance to this acaricide in Varroa mites from honey bee colonies that received no pyrethroid treatment in the previous four years. Our data revealed the widespread and persistent tau-fluvalinate contamination of beeswax and beebread in hives, an overall increase of the pyrethroid resistance allele frequency and a generalized excess of resistant mites relative to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations. These results suggest that tau-fluvalinate contamination in the hives may seriously compromise the efficacy of pyrethroid-based mite control methods.
The Role of Social Contexts and Special Education in the Mental Health Problems of Urban Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We explored the perceptions that youth with and without self-reported mental health problems had of their social contexts (family, peer, and school) and the extent to which youth with mental health problems had received special education services in school. We examined data for 4,088 urban youth with self-reported externalizing, internalizing, comorbid, and no mental health problems in early adolescence. With regard to family context, students with comorbid problems reported significantly lower scores for parent attention to misbehavior than students without mental health problems, and students with internalizing problems reported significantly less positive parent—child relations than those with externalizing problems. With regard to peer context, students with externalizing and comorbid problems reported that significantly greater numbers of their friends were involved in risky behavior than did members of the other groups. With regard to school context, students with internalizing and comorbid problems reported feeling more anonymous and less well-liked by peers and teachers than students with externalizing problems. Significantly more internalizers and members of the comorbid group were in special education classes than expected. The majority of the students with self-reported mental health problems received services for learning disabilities.
Election Reforms in India: Enhancing Democracy and Ensuring Fair Representation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India is the world's largest democracy, and elections are the cornerstone of its democratic system. Elections provide an opportunity for citizens to exercise their right to vote and choose their representatives. They ensure that power is vested in the hands of the people and that decisions are made through a participatory and inclusive process. Elections enable the representation of diverse voices and interests within the country. India is a nation with diverse cultures, languages, religions, and socio-economic backgrounds. Elections help in ensuring that different sections of society are adequately represented in the political landscape, promoting inclusivity and preventing the domination of a single group. Elections serve as a mechanism to hold elected representatives accountable for their actions and performance. Through regular elections, citizens can evaluate the performance of their elected leaders and choose to re-elect them or opt for new representatives. Elections influence policy-making processes in India. Political parties present their manifestos outlining their vision, policies, and programs. Citizens have the opportunity to evaluate these platforms and elect representatives whose policies align with their aspirations. Elected representatives then shape public policies, legislate, and implement programs based on the mandate received from the people. In summary, elections in India are of utmost importance as they uphold democracy, promote representation, ensure accountability, shape policies, contribute to stability, foster public participation, and drive socio-economic development. They are a fundamental aspect of India's democratic fabric and play a crucial role in shaping the nation's future.
Coronary Sinus Obstruction after Atrioventricular Canal Defect Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The coronary sinus can become obstructed with any instrumentation at or near the ostium such as in atrioventricular canal defect repairs. This complication may lead to a wide range of consequences including dyspnea, angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. The following report illustrates the importance of careful perioperative echocardiographic evaluation of the coronary sinus in procedures that may affect the sinus and its ostium.
Cyclops, Hedgehogs, and Foxes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the world in which the Oxford philosophers functioned back in the 1950s and 1960s, and then gives a general account of two contrasting approaches to legal scholarship. Remarks on the world of the Oxford philosophers are related to Homer's story of Polyphemus the Cyclops, in which, unusually, women play no part. The hedgehog and the fox are used in a slightly different way to contrast two approaches to the study of law and legal institutions. One, which generates both theories of legal development and philosophical theories of law, sees simplicity concealed beneath apparent complexity, whether it takes the form of a pattern of development, or a single structure such as that offered by Hart. The other, very commonly adopted by historians of the law, rejects this approach, and seeks understanding of law and legal institutions through empirical scholarship which emphasizes complexity, and the profound difficulty in generalization or simplification in the face of the evidence.
The analysis of the causes of efficiency decrease in the metal of liquefied gas pipeline under the conditions of corrosive environmental exposure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Migration of gas and oil production facilities to remote northern regions of the country, increase in the unit capacity of the equipment set the task of increasing the service life and reliability of equipment for the extraction and transportation of gaseous and liquid media. One of the main reasons for the accelerated failure of equipment is the corrosion effect of transported media. In this work, the effect of corrosion under stress on the performance of the main metal and welded joints of stainless pipes of austenitic-grade chromium-nickel steels has been studied. It is shown that the rate of the anodic process increases as the level of plastic deformation increases and the rate of growth depends on the degree of imperfection of the structure of the material. It has been established that the heat-affected zones of assembly welded joints of austenitic steels are the most prone to corrosion cracking, and the requirements for restoring the structure of heat treatment of the weld are not fulfilled. Refusal of heat treatment leads to the appearance and growth of carbide particles in the structure of the heat-affected zone, which reduces almost by a factor of two, from 270 to 150 MPa, the level of stresses, leading to the occurrence of corrosion cracking in welded joints.
Investigation and experiment of radar systems in unmanned aerial vehicles - I

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid improvement of technologies, many organisations have been upgrading themselves to keep up with the advancements of technologies. This applies to the military world as well. Some key aspects of the current military technology are the usage of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). SAR is used to capture high resolution images as well as moving target detection under various weather conditions. Nanyang Technological University is conducting a research topic on operating a SAR, which will be mounted onto an UAV. Investigation from system perspective will be done, as well as the key parameters and effects will be studied. This project covers on the production of a super high frequency (SHF) output of 11.82GHz, which is essential for the initial phase of the SAR production. For this project, three main components are used, namely KC705 Evaluation Board for Kintex-7 FPGA, Arduino Mega 2560 and HMC-783 Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Board. This report will focus mainly on the usage of HMC-783 PLL Board and how it is being integrated with other components to produce the desired output frequency.
Residential child care qualifications audit 2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years there has been a drive to develop a fully qualified residential child care sector in Scotland. In 2003 the Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC) announced the baseline qualifications for residential child care staff and set down a target for attaining it. This qualifications framework was subsequently reviewed and expanded in 2004. The Scottish Institute for Residential Child Care (SIRCC), commissioned by the Scottish Executive, has previously undertaken two inquiries into the qualification levels of the residential child care workforce in Scotland. The first Qualifications Audit (Frondigoun, Maclean, Hosie & Kendrick, 2002) was undertaken before the SSSC’s initial qualification framework was known and the second (Hunter, Hosie, Davidson & Kendrick, 2004) was based on it. The previous qualifications audit (Hunter et al., 2004) reported that 18% of residential child care staff were fully qualified in accordance with the SSSC’s qualification criteria (SSSC, 2004). The report forecast that the number of fully qualified staff would rise to 29.1% if all qualifications being undertaken were achieved. The purpose of this current audit is to determine whether levels of qualified staff have risen and to identify qualification trends throughout the residential child care sector in Scotland.
Second and first order phase transition in three dimension Gross-Neveu model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Symmetry restoring phase transitions in three dimension Gross-Neveu model are shown to be second order at finite temperature $T$ and first order at T=0 and finite chemical potential $μ$ by critical analysis of the dynamical fermion mass based on the gap equation. The latter is further verified by effective potential analysis. The resulting tricritical point is $(T,μ)=(0,m(0))$, where $m(0)$ is the dynamical fermion mass at $T=μ=0$. Physical difference between the above second and first order phase transition is illustrated by means of variations of thermodynamical particle density.
Students' experiences in video-recording their real-life conversations / Jenny @ Janey Mosikon, Delia L Olaybal and Bernadette Peter Lidadun

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the possibility of utilising students' abilities to video-record their conversations in real-life situations outside the campus. After being taught the conversational skills of asking and giving information, and practising these skills through role-play activities, a group of 27 students was asked to conduct a project, in which they video-recorded their conversations in using the acquired skills in real-life situations such as at Information Technology (IT) and computer shops and other stores selling electrical appliances. The video recordings were analysed and the students were interviewed to explore their experiences in demonstrating the conversational skills of asking and giving information in real-life situations. Data were collected in the form of students' narratives of their experiences before, during and after the project. The findings highlighted how video-recording of students' real-life conversations outside the campus could be used as a learning tool as well as an assessment method for teachers, as the project did not only involve multiple skills in planning, executing and producing, but most importantly it proved to be an observable demonstration of the students' learning after having learnt the skills in the classroom. This paper is expected to aid teachers and syllabus designers in focusing on the facilitation of the desired outcomes.
Selectively fluorinated aromatic lithium salts regulate the solvation structure and interfacial chemistry for all-solid-state batteries

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Solid polymer electrolytes suffer from the polymer-dominated Li + solvation structure, causing unstable electrolyte/electrode interphases and deteriorated battery performance. Here, we design a class of selectively fluorinated aromatic lithium salts (SFALS) as single conducting lithium salts to regulate the solvation structure and interfacial chemistry for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. By tuning the anionic structure, the Li + -polyether coupling is weakened, and the Li + -anion coordination is enhanced. The hydrogen bonding between the SFALS and polymer matrix induces a special “triad”-type solvation structure, which improves the electrolyte homogeneity and mechanical strength, and promotes the formation of an ultrathin and robust Li 2 O-rich solid electrolyte interphase. Therefore, the stable cycling of more than 1650 cycles (Coulombic efficiency, 99.8%) for LiFePO 4 /Li half cells and 580 cycles (97.4% capacity retention) for full cells is achieved. This molecular engineering strategy could inspire further advancements of functional lithium salts for practical application of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Hepatic STAMP2 mediates recombinant FGF21‐induced improvement of hepatic iron overload in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although previous studies have shown that the administration of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reverses hepatic steatosis, the mechanism by which FGF21 exerts a therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not yet entirely understood. We previously demonstrated that hepatic six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) may represent a suitable target for NAFLD. We investigated the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of recombinant FGF21 on NAFLD, focusing on the involvement of hepatic STAMP2. In this study, we used human nonalcoholic steatosis patient pathology samples, C57BL/6 mice for a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced in vivo NAFLD model, and used human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells for oleic acid (OA)‐induced in vitro NAFLD model. We observed that recombinant FGF21 treatment ameliorated hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through the upregulation of STAMP2 expression. We further observed hepatic iron overload (HIO) and reduced iron exporter, ferroportin expression in the liver samples obtained from human NAFLD patients, and HFD‐induced NAFLD mice and in OA‐treated HepG2 cells. Importantly, recombinant FGF21 improved HIO through the hepatic STAMP2‐mediated upregulation of ferroportin expression. Our data suggest that hepatic STAMP2 may represent a suitable therapeutic intervention target for FGF21‐induced improvement of NAFLD accompanying HIO.
Silvestrol inhibits protein synthesis and suppresses endothelial cell tube formation.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>A. The relative rate of <sup>35</sup>S-Met incorporation in HUVECs as a function of silvestrol concentration. Cells were exposed to the indicated concentrations of silvestrol for 1 h, and in the last 15 min, <sup>35</sup>S-Met was added to the cells. Extracts were prepared and the amount of TCA-insoluble <sup>35</sup>S-Met determined. Results are the average of duplicates with the error of the mean too small to be seen. Values are standardized against total protein content. B. Kinetics of protein inhibition versus cell death following exposure of HUVECs to silvestrol. HUVECs were exposed to 25 nM silvestrol for the indicated periods of time. One hour before the end of treatment, media was removed, cells washed with PBS and incubated for an additional hour with silvestrol in Met-free DMEM. For the last 15 min, cells were labeled with <sup>35</sup>S-Met, followed by TCA precipitation and scintillation counting. A parallel set of dishes (200,000 cells/well in a 6-well plate) were used to measure the percentage of viable cells by Annexin V/P.I. staining and FACs analysis. These values were normalized to those obtained in the presence of 1% DMSO, which was set at 100%. These values are plotted on the right ordinate and as a dashed line. C. Disruption of tube formation by HUVECs in the presence of silvestrol. HUVECs were seeded on BD Matrigel™ Matrix basement membrane (BD Biosciences, Bedford MA) in 24-well plates in triplicate in the presence of increasing concentrations of silvestrol and 24 h later monitored for tube formation. Photographs were taken with a Nikon eclipse TE300 microscope. The bar at the bottom of each photograph corresponds to 50 µm D. Quantitation of tubules (chord-like structures) observed per field. A total of 15 different fields were used for each data point and the errors represent the standard deviation.</p>
Chaotic logistic map sequences with good auto-correlation properties

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, chaotic sequences with good auto-correlation properties are presented. The studied sequences are synthesized by means of the logistic map function and, been chaotic but fully deterministic, become a good alternative for well-known sequences, for example the Zadoff-Chu sequences, especially for small size sequences commonly used for frame synchronization purposes in digital communications systems. A new auto-correlation goodness metric is proposed, and it is employed as objective function in order to maximize the correlation goodness for short synchronization sequences synthesized by means the logistic map function.
Bis(di-2-pyridyl-N-amine)(propionato-O)copper(II) Chloride Monohydrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The CuN4O2 chromophore in [Cu(C10H9N3)2(C3H5O2)]Cl.H2O exhibits trigonal distorted square-pyramidal stereochemistry around the metal centre, with the second O atom of the propionate group occupying a sixth coordinating position at a longer distance of 2.640 (4) Å, to give (4 + 1 + 1*)-type coordination. The Cl− ion participates in N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding.
Coblation-assisted excision of hypopharyngeal venous malformation: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Adult hypopharyngeal venous malformations are rare. Unlike hemangiomas, venous malformations require surgical excision wherever feasible. We describe the case of a hypopharyngeal venous malformation and use of coblation to achieve complete excision. Case presentation A 28-year-old male presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset hematemesis, and melena for 3 days. Examination revealed a broad-based reddish polypoidal lesion (mulberry like) arising from the left aryepiglottic fold and medial wall of the pyriform sinus. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance scan and angiogram of the neck was done, which revealed an intensely enhancing vascular lesion. He underwent a selective embolization of the feeder vessels achieving 80% reduction in the post run blush. We excised the lesion in toto using coblation considering its superior hemostatic control and maneuverability. Conclusion The use of coblation is a relatively safe and easy technique to learn and perform in management of vascular tumor of hypopharynx and upper airway. When appropriately performed, it provides a bloodless field and causes minimal damage to surrounding tissue. However, knowledge of external approaches is mandatory for management of complications.
A primary study on the growth of ball cactus in hydroponics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two varieties of ball cactus (Melocactus and Notocactus) were grown in hydroponics with four nutrient solution formulae and in a peatmoss medium culture as control, respectively, to study the growth and the adaptability of ball cactuses in hydroponics. The results showed that both of the tested ball cactuses varieties could grow well in hydroponics, in which the growth rate was significantly higher than or equal to that in medium culture. Melocactus grew best in formula 2 with a little of NH~+_4-N, but Notocactus grew well in all of the tested formulae with or without NH~+_4-N, the higher content of NH~+_4-N in the nutrient solution might be harmful to the growth of Notocactus. The pH value of the nutrient solutions decreased after the NH~+_4-N was added. But the low pH value would not influence the growth of the ball cactuses. It implied the two varieties of ball cactuses were tolerant to low pH conditions.
Study of transductive learning and unsupervised feature construction methods for biological sequence classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have led to fast and inexpensive production of large amounts of biological sequence data, including nucleotide sequences and derived protein sequences. These fast-increasing volumes of data pose challenges to computational methods for annotation. Machine learning approaches, primarily supervised algorithms, have been widely used to assist with classification tasks in bioinformatics. However, supervised algorithms rely on large amounts of labeled data in order to produce quality predictors. Oftentimes, labeled data is difficult and expensive to acquire in sufficiently large quantities. When only limited amounts of labeled data but considerably larger amounts of unlabeled data are available for a specific annotation problem, semi-supervised learning approaches represent a cost-effective alternative. In this work, we focus on a special case of semi-supervised learning, namely transductive learning, in which the algorithm has access during the training phase to the instances that need to be labeled. Transduction is particularly suitable for biological sequence classification, where the goal is generally to label a given set of unlabeled instances. However, a challenge that needs to be addressed in this context consists of identification of compact sets of informative features. Given the lack of labeled data, standard supervised feature selection methods may result in unreliable features. Therefore, we study recently proposed unsupervised feature construction approaches together with transductive learning. Experimental results on two classification problems, namely cassette exon identification and protein localization, show that the unsupervised features result in better performance than the supervised features.
Neuromyopathies in the Critically Ill

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Be aware of the different neuromuscular disorders that are encountered in the ICU. Know the effects of neuromuscular dysfunction on the respiratory system. Know the proper initial evaluation and management of patients with neuromuscular dysfunction and respiratory failure. Be aware of the various therapies used to treat neuromuscular disorders that are most commonly encountered in the ICU.