jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mandibular projection in Class II Division 2 subjects following maxillary incisor proclination, overbite correction and dentoalveolar expansion using clear aligners

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental and skeletal treatment effects of maxillary incisor proclination, overbite correction and maxillary dentoalveolar expansion with no planned Class II mechanics on the magnitude of mandibular growth or/and projection in growing patients with Class II Division 2 using Invisalign® clear aligners (Align technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Methods: Records of 32 patients (12.86 ± 2.01) with Class II Division 2 dental and Class II skeletal relationship were studied retrospectively. Pre (T1) and Post-treatment (T2) CBCT-generated lateral and posterioanterior cephalograms were retrospectively obtained for the treatment group (n=16) and were compared with the T1 and T2 records of an untreated control group (n=16). Proclination and protrusion of the maxillary incisors, as well as maxillary dentoalveolar expansion with no other Class II mechanics were planned in the treatment mechanics. A customized cephalometric analysis was performed. Unpaired t-test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) regression models were used to compare the linear and angular measurements at both time points for both treatment and control groups to determine if significant skeletal Class II correction was achieved (p < 0.05). Results: An increase in skeletal mandibular growth and forward projection was observed in the treatment group when compared to the control group (mean differences: SNB (2.55°, p=0.0002), Ar-Go (2.08mm, p=0.0311), Go-Pog (2.64mm, p<0.0001), and Co-Pog (4.55mm, p<0.0001). The skeletal jaw relationship parameters showed improvements in the treatment group toward Class I compared to the control group as evidenced by a mean difference increase in ANB (2.5°, p<0.0001) and Wits (3.04mm, p<0.0001). In comparison to the control group, the treatment group also showed an increase in intermolar width (3.16mm, p<0.0001) while the overbite reduced significantly in the treatment group (-2.97mm, p<0.0001). The maxillary incisors were proclined and protruded (U1-SN: 12.48°, p<0.0001; U1-NA: 11.7° and 3.53mm, p<0.0001) in the treatment group as they were initially retroclined and retruded. Conclusion: Proclination of the maxillary incisors, correction of deep overbite and maxillary dentoalveolar expansion using clear aligners in growing patients with Class II Division 2 malocclusions were effective in improving the dental and skeletal Class II relationship.
Analysis of 2-D Surface-Emitting ROW-DFB Semiconductor Lasers for High-Power Single-Mode Operation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A detailed analysis of 2D surface-emitting active-photonic-crystal (APC) lasers composed of a resonant-optical-waveguide (ROW) array and Pi-phaseshifted second-order distributed feedback/distributed Bragg reflector (DFB/DBR) gratings, made atop the ROW-array elements, is performed. Coupled-mode theory and the transfer-matrix method are used for analysis in the longitudinal direction, and 2D rigorous array modeling is used for analysis in the lateral direction. The gratings, beside their usual functions (i.e., feedback and outcoupling), act as strong lateral-mode (i.e., array-mode) selectors by exploiting the array-modes' different field-intensity overlap with the element regions, at the in-phase-mode resonance. The in-phase array mode is strongly favored to lase at and around its (lateral) resonance due both to better longitudinal-field overlap with the active-grating (i.e., DFB) region and to much lower interelement loss than the other array modes. The loss in the interelement regions that suppresses lasing of the nonresonant modes is due to strong absorption to both the metal contact (i.e., Au) as well as to the semiconductor/metal grating layers (i.e., GaAs-Au) in the element regions. The intermodal discrimination can be further enhanced by introducing strong free-carrier absorption in the interelement regions. For 20-element arrays with 700 mum/600 mum DFB/DBR gratings, emitting at 0.98 mum and of 100-mum-wide lateral dimension, the intermodal discrimination, DeltaJ th , is high (~500 A/cm 2 ) at the in-phase-mode resonance, and > 70 A/cm 2 as the regrown interelement-region thickness t is varied (during fabrication) over a 0.02-mum range. The external differential quantum efficiency reaches 58%, and the guided-field intensity profile is virtually uniform in both the lateral and longitudinal directions. For 40-element devices, the projected CW power in a single, diffraction-limited lobe is 2.4 W at 10 x threshold. For 20-element arrays with intentionally introduced free-carrier absorption in the interelement regions, DeltaJ th is very high (~6500 A/cm 2 ) at the in-phase-mode resonance, and >70 A/cm 2 as t is varied over a 0.035-mum range. The projected single-mode, diffraction-limited continuous-wave power, from 40-element devices at 10x threshold, is similar: 2.4 W.
Research on Algorithm for Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment Based on the Improved Markov Decision Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a multi-stage Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment (DWTA) model to resolve the DWTA problem. Firstly, we make some improvements on the Markov decision model for DWTA, so that it can be applied to the real air defense combat. And then, the improved Markov decision model is applied to each distribution stage in the DWTA process. Furthermore, considering the dynamic stochastic antagonism characteristic of DWTA process, we introduce the concept of time window to describe the time constraints and deal with the stochastic events based on the theory of Random Service System (RSS). As a result, the multi-stage DWTA model is proposed. Finally, we compare our algorithm with other two algorithms, and the experimental results show that our algorithm can achieve greater benefits than other algorithms under the same conditions, which shows the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Doxepin versus imipramine in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance: a double-blind study.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This double-blind randomized study compared the effects of imipramine (48 patients) and doxepin (49 patients) in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance symptoms. Mean doses of 112.7 mg/day for doxepin and 116.7 mg/day for imipramine were administered for a mean period of 26 days. While both drugs proved effective, 24 of 27 analyses of covariance showed imipramine to be superior to doxepin. This superiority was statistically significant for the anxiety/depression factor measured on the Hamilton Depression Scale and for the total score, general neurotic feelings factor, cognitive performance difficulty factor and anger-hostility cluster on the Lepman-Rickels Scale. Mild-to-moderate side effects were prevalent to a comparable degree in both treatment groups.
Characterization of Toxin Gene Profiles and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ducks

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

S .aureus is one of the most common bacterial diseases in poultry which causes drop in egg production, body weight loss, and lameness which is leading to carcass condemnation.Therefore, S. aureus has negative impact on the economy based on farming business alongside the foodborne illness causes (Andreasen, 2013).Moreover, S. aureus influences on the human health and causes food poisoning regarding to their enterotoxins productions (Han et al., 2013).Although diagnosing, detecting and genotyping of S. aureus are routinely processed among sick poultry (Andreasen , 2013) , alongside pigs, cows and goats, (Wang et al.,2017), the detection of S. aureus in ducks is too rare.However, in Egypt, the ducks are taking the second place of the poultry meat production (Radwan et al., 2019).On the other hand, research
Aquatic mating in pinnipeds: a review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The goals of this review are to summarize existing information available on aquatic mating strategies in pinnipeds. Considerable advances in knowledge concerning the reproductive strategies of aquatic mating pinnipeds have been made over recent years. Studies have showed that aquatic mating pinnipeds exhibit a range of evolutionary adaptations in their reproductive strategies that differ considerably from those of land-breeding species. However, clear gaps still exist, particularly amongst ice-breeding species. This review introduces the topic and then is divided into 1) techniques for studying aquatic mating pinnipeds, of which acoustic, telemetry, and genetic technologies are discussed, 2) evolutionary consequences of lactation and whelping habitat, 3) male reproductive strategies and, 4) conclusions and future research directions. Based on current evidence, aquatic-mating species are thought to maintain aquatic display areas using vocal and dive displays for the purpose of male–male competition and likely for the attractioon of females. Between species, mating behaviour ranges from lek mating, female defense polygyny, to the use of alternative mating tactics. Observed variations within species in mating behaviour appear to be linked to the influences of local habitat type and changes in female behaviour. Therefore, it is appropriate to reassess our knowledge concerning aquatic breeders and reflect how this alters the development of theories on the evolution of pinniped reproductive strategies.
Multisource Feedback in the Trauma Context: Priorities and Perspectives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Trauma resuscitations require competence in both clinical and nonclinical skills but these can be difficult to observe and assess. Multisource feedback (MSF) is workplace‐based, involves the direct observation of learners, and can provide feedback on nonclinical skills. We sought to compare and contrast the priorities of multidisciplinary trauma team members when assessing resident trauma team captain (TTC) performance. Additionally, we aimed to describe the nature of the assessment and perceived the utility of incorporating MSF into the trauma context. Methods A convenience sample of 10 trauma team activations were observed. Following each activation, the attending physician trauma team leader (TTL), TTC, and a registered nurse (RN) participated in a semistructured interview. MSF was not provided to the TTC for the purpose of this study because MSF was not part of the assessment process of TTCs at the time of this study and maintaining anonymity may have encouraged more honest interview responses. Transcripts from each assessor group (TTL, TTC, RN) were coded and assigned to one of the five crisis resource management skills: leadership, communication, situational awareness, resource utilization, and problem‐solving. Comments were also coded as positive, negative, or neutral as interpreted by the coder. Results All assessor groups mentioned communication skills most frequently. After communication, the RN and TTC groups commented on situational awareness most frequently, comprising 15 and 29% of their total responses, respectively, whereas 31% of the TTL comments focused on leadership skills. The RN and TTL groups provided positive assessments, with 51 and 42% of their respective comments coded as positive. Forty‐five percent of self‐assessment comments in the TTC group were negative. All (100%) of the TTC and TTL respondents felt that incorporating MSF would add to the quality of feedback, only 66% of the RN group felt that way. Conclusions We found that each assessor group brings a unique focus and perspective to the assessment of resident TTC performance. The future inclusion of MSF in the trauma team context has the potential to enhance the learning environment in a clinical arena that is difficult to directly observe and assess.
Normalization using Improvised K-Means applied in diagnosing thyroid disease with ANN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper concentrates on the possibility profit about utilizing Artificial neural systems (ANN) and extemporized K-means. The analysis about thyroid diagnosis, where ANN is used for training and prediction before which, Improvised K-Means is used for normalizing raw data. My point might have been on expanding the Precision of the prediction to thyroid malady utilizing arrangement. Also grouping calculations, those thyroid work information I mulled over. Routines what's more an assortment for pattern-recognition systems. This information situated might have been separated under subsets utilized to preparing the networks. And for trying their execution; those test subsets held. Different proportions of situations for symptomatic commotion on emulate real life. Used thyroid dataset from UCI Repository having 215 instances and implemented in JAVA for better accuracy of prediction of Diagnosing Thyroid, achieved 98.21%.
Prescription writing standards: why they are important

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The root causes of medication error are diverse. They include confusion over similar packaging and labelling, checking errors and misidentification of patients. The main focus of this article is errors that arise from the prescription writing process. It is important that new prescribers adhere to local or national prescription writing standards to ensure that prescriptions are clear, unambiguous and leave no doubt as to the prescriber's intentions.
Profiling of Specific Gene Expression Pathways in Peripheral Cells from Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Herein, we performed a gene expression profiling in a cohort of 10 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subdivided, according to the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-AD MCI, as compared with 27 AD patients and 24 controls, in order to detect early gene expression alterations. We observed a significant upregulation of insulin (INS) and INS Receptor (INSR) expression levels in AD both prodromal and fully symptomatic, as compared with controls, but not in MCI subjects. Our results suggest an early dysregulation of INS and INSR in AD pathogenesis and pave the way to a possible utility of these transcripts as peripheral biomarkers.
Knockout of mouse β1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 gene results in a dramatic shift of outer chain moieties of N-glycans from type 2 to type 1 chains in hepatic membrane and plasma glycoproteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To understand the contribution of β1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4Gal-T)-1 to galactosylation in vivo, N-glycans of hepatic membrane glycoproteins and plasma glycoproteins from β4Gal-T1 wild-type (β4Gal-T1+/+) and β4Gal-T1 knockout mice were compared. Unexpectedly, glycoproteins from the knockout mice were found to express considerable amounts of sialylated, galactosylated N-glycans. A striking contrast was that galactose residues were largely β1,4-linked to GlcNAc residues in the β4Gal-T1+/+ mouse glycans but β1,3-linked in the knockout mouse glycans, thus resulting in the shift of the backbone structure from type 2 chain (Galβ1 → 4GlcNAc) to type 1 chain (Galβ1 → 3GlcNAc). Detailed analysis of plasma glycoproteins revealed that the expression of sialyl linkage in N-glycans was shifted from the Siaα2 → 6Gal to the Siaα2 → 3Gal, and oversialylated type 1 chains were, remarkably, found in the knockout mouse glycans. Thus β4Gal-T1 deficiency was primarily compensated for by β1,3-galactosyltransferases, which resulted in different sialyl linkages being formed on the outer chains and altered backbone structures, depending on the acceptor specificities of sialyltransferases. These results suggest that β4Gal-T1 in mouse liver plays a central role in the synthesis of type 2 chain and is also involved in the regulation of sialylation of N-glycans. The knockout mice may prove useful in investigation of the mechanism which regulates the tissue-dependent terminal glycosylation.
Discovering New Roads to Development Volume 3: Coastal Ecosystems Technologies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Contents: Poultry By-product Meal, Corn Gluten Meal, and Soybean Meals Partial Fish Meal Replacements in the Diet of Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer) Fingerlings Hoang Hai Thanh and Augusto E. Serrano, Jr. Â The Genetic Diversity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii See Leng Min Â Interrelationships of Farming System and Coastal Ecosystem in a Small Island Tito M. Cabili Â Clove Oil as Anesthetic in Grouper Fishing Wahyu A. Nugraha Â Comparative Assessment of Coral and Fish Communities Inside and Outside a Marine Protected Area in Verde Island, Batangas, Philippines Josefina N. Manuel-Ocampo
Utah: Pornography Capital of America?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In March of 2009, pornography use in Utah was thrust into the spotlight by a Harvard Business School study, which found Utahns to be the highest per capita purchasers of online adult entertainment in the United States (Edelman 2009). Some journalists quickly crowned Utah the “Online Porn Capital of America” (Tynan 2009:1). Without regard to the efficacy of the study’s controversial conclusions, the dubious proclamation resurrects two questions that seem important in the present conversation: Does the use of pornography really do anybody any harm? Furthermore, is it possible that there is something about Utah’s culture that creates an affinity for pornography use? I argue that the answers to these questions are unequivocally yes.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of a Novel γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Analogue: 4‐ Amino‐2,2‐dimethylbutanoic Acid.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation of effective population size and genomic inbreeding coefficients in Baluchi sheep using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to estimate the effective population size (Ne) and genomic inbreeding coefficients in 96 Baluchi sheep genotyped using Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip. Using NEESTIMATOR software, the estimation of contemporary Ne based on heterozygote-excess and linkage disequilibrium (LD) methods was obtained 15 and 25, respectively. The historical Ne estimated with SNeP software showed a fast decreasing trend over the last 1000 generations. The Ne estimate for the previous 4 generations was ranged from 48 to 75. Three estimates of inbreeding coefficients including genomic relationship matrix (FGRM), excess of homozygosity (FHOM) and correlation between uniting gametes (FUNI) were calculated using GCTA software. The values of FGRM, FHOM and FUNI were calculated the same at -0.017. The average expected and observed heterozygosity using PLINK software were calculated as 0.374 and 0.383, respectively. Our results showed a considerable genetic variation in Baluchi sheep, however the low values of Ne emphasize that measures should be taken to avoid a further reduction in the effective population size. The results of this study provide guidance for future sheep breeding to increase the conservation activities of the native sheep breeds.
Investigation of current clinical application of antimicrobial agents and management measures

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the current clinical application of antimicrobial agents and make relevant management measures. Methods The data of the antimicrobial drug application of 25 779 inpatients in our hospital in 2001 were collected and inputted into computer, and statistical analysis was made monthly. Results The total antimicrobial drug usage rate was 67.68% , 69.78% of which was single application and through intravenous route, the most common antimicrobial agents used were penicillins, followed by cephalosporins and quinolones, accounting for 77.94% , most antimicrobial agents used were made in China. Conclusion The key to the restrictive and rational use of antimicrobial agents was to make management measures of the antimicrobial drug application.
Instanton approach to the lattice polaron problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Starting from the path-integral approach to the process of tunneling in the presence of phonons we develop a theoretical procedure for the calculation of the bandwidth of the small-radius polaron in a one-dimensional crystal lattice. A two-site analog of the Holstein molecular crystal model is explored to study the tunneling character in the limit of small phonon frequencies. We do not observe any changeover from the regime of Frank-Condon type of bandwidth renormalization to the so-called adiabatic regime anticipated in the molecular crystal model.
Antibiotics from Insect-Associated Actinobacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Actinobacteria are involved into multilateral relationships between insects, their food sources, infectious agents, etc. Antibiotics and related natural products play an essential role in such systems. The literature from the January 2016–August 2022 period devoted to insect-associated actinomycetes with antagonistic and/or enzyme-inhibiting activity was selected. Recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of insect–actinobacterial interactions mediated by antibiotics is summarized and discussed.
Effect of Shade on Photosynthesis, Specific Leaf Weight, Leaf Chlorophyll Content, and Morphology of Young Peach Trees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract One-year-old peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven] trees were grown outdoors under 4 different shade levels (100%, 36%, 21%, and 9% of full sun). Shoot length, internode length, and node number were unaffected by shade, but heavy shade (9% full sun) reduced stem diameter 24%. Compared to those in full sun, average leaf areas were increased 18%, 30%, and 20% by 36%, 21%, and 9% shade, respectively. Shading caused a more horizontal leaf orientation and lower specific leaf weight. Both average and maximum photosynthetic rate per unit area or per mg chlorophyll decreased with shading, but increased with shading when expressed per unit dry weight. Chlorophyll content per unit leaf area increased with shading, but stomatal resistance was unaffected. Leaves from shade treatments became light-saturated between 400 and 600 µEs -1 m -2 ; full-sun leaves became light-saturated at 700-900 µEs -1 m -2 .
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article surveys the role of religion in postcolonial theory and the role of colonialism in studies of secularism. Despite a secularist image, postcolonial theory from its start has critically engaged with questions of religion. Similarly, despite secularism’s Eurocentric image, some studies of secularism have reflected on the way the category of religion is constructed in colonial encounters. Bringing these conversations together, we examine the secular–modern–colonial conceptual knot. The article concludes that close study of specific examples of the intersection of the modern, the colonial, and the secular is the most effective method of answering the article’s animating question.