jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deposition of Iron Oxide\nNanoparticles onto an Oxidic Support Using a Novel Gas-Expanded\nLiquid Process to Produce Functional Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis\nCatalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gas\nexpanded liquids (GXL) are solvent systems which enable the\ncontrolled deposition of presynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles,\nbased on their size, onto a surface through the use of compressible\ngas such as CO<sub>2</sub>. By controlling the applied CO<sub>2</sub> pressure, and hence the solvent strength, one can systematically\ndeposit/precipitate nanoparticles of desired sizes. In this study,\na technique using a GXL has been developed to controllably deposit\niron oxide nanoparticles onto oxidic materials such as alumina and\nsilica. The nanomaterials generated using this technique were then\ntested for their effectiveness as catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch\n(FT) synthesis in a fixed bed reactor system under standard low temperature\nFT conditions. The catalytic performance of these nanoscale iron FT\ncatalysts was compared to control catalysts that were prepared by\ntraditional incipient wetness methods using the same iron loading.\nCharacterization of these GXL-synthesized materials demonstrated that\nthe iron oxide nanoparticles were deposited in a size controlled manner\nonto the oxidic support. A CO conversion of 18% was observed using\na silica catalyst generated using this GXL technique along with a\n69% selectivity toward C<sub>5+</sub> hydrocarbons. The nanoscale\niron catalysts prepared by the GXL technique employed in this study\nexhibit weaker interactions between the iron oxide nanoparticles and\nthe support material, offering a new strategy to investigate the effect\nof metal–support interaction on the activity and selectivity\nof iron based FT synthesis catalysts.
Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine: Real-World Evidence from Italian Adult Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study aims to investigate the extent of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a large cohort of Italian subjects belonging to the early vaccinated cohort in Italy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted between December 2020 and May 2021. Three blood samples were collected for each participant: one at the time of the first vaccine dose (T0), one at the time of the second vaccine dose, (T1) and the third 30 days after this last dose (T2). Results: We enrolled 2591 fully vaccinated subjects; 16.5% were frail subjects, and 9.8% were over 80 years old. Overall, 98.1% of subjects were seropositive when tested at T2, and 76.3% developed an anti-S IgG titer ≥4160 AU/mL, which is adequate to develop viral neutralizing antibodies. Seronegative subjects at T1 were more likely to remain seronegative at T2 or to develop a low–intermediate anti-S IgG titer (51–4159 AU/mL). Conclusions: In summary, vaccination leads to detectable anti-S IgG titer in nearly all vaccine recipients. Stratification of the seroconversion level could be useful to promptly identify high-risk groups who may not develop a viral neutralizing response, even in the presence of seroconversion, and therefore may remain at higher risk of infection, despite vaccination.
NOVAS ABORDAGENS AOS INSTRUMENTOS DE ANÁLISE DA DIMENSÃO ESPACIAL COMO CATEGORIA ESTRATÉGICA NO PLANEAMENTO E INTERVENÇÃO ESTATAIS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present work attempts to substantiate the importance of explaining the concept of space and the underlying theoretical approach as a strategic input in the design of programs, projects or strategies of state intervention. In view of the need for this knowledge, it examines the evolution of traditional spatial analysis practices, with their paradigms and conceptual instruments, and the new approaches to the spatial dimension, considering their basic analytical categories -territory and region- to reveal the growing conceptual richness that these analytical instruments have achieved, particularly in the last 30 years. The evolution of each conceptual instrument is then explored, based on the premise that the selection of each theoretical perspective will imply biases and descriptive-explanatory richness, the evaluation of which will depend on the objectives of the planning in question. It also details the different analytical categories that have been developed for the study of the spatial dimension as a category of planning and state intervention and its relationship with the historical evolution of development policies. Finally, it examines the revitalization and broadening of the concept of territory, from technocratic visions to constructivist, collaborative and multiscale approaches intimately connected with the extreme complexity and volatility of spatial processes and their planning in the región in today's world. Keywords: Spatial dimension, Region, Territory, State planning.
The Sexual Identity Timeline: A Reflection Tool for Developing Competence in Counseling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Greater attention to sexual identity development from an inclusive and affirmative perspective must be incorporated into counselor education training. Counselors are well positioned to address issues related to human sexuality; however, without reflection across the spectrum of sexuality-related issues, counselors may rely on personal bias, or they may choose to avoid the topic altogether. In order to adequately train counselors, it is important to identify learning activities that counselor educators can utilize. Given the significance of sexuality across the lifespan, we propose that counselor educators actively guide their students through reflection about their own sexual identity development. This article presents the Sexual Identity Timeline (SIT) as a reflective learning activity to incorporate into the counseling curriculum.
Releasing the Development Potential of Return Migration: The Case of Senegal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Migration has long been a permanent part of Senegal’s history. Indeed, as a land of migrants and immigrants, Senegal has always been an important pole of West African immigration because of its colonial heritage, political stability and economic growth which, until the mid‐seventies, had been relatively good. Nonetheless, events of the past few decades have induced changes in migration. Continuing desertification, globalization of the economy and accelerated pauperization have intensified the human exodus. The emergence of world markets has stimulated demand for both cheap and highly skilled labour. In general, Senegalese who left the country did so in search of work. These migrations have not been limited to a South‐North direction but also, and increasingly, to a South‐South one. France, Côte d’Ivoire and Gabon have long been countries of call for Senegalese workers. This article seeks to evaluate the manner in which Senegal has undertaken to develop the potential of its returning migrants, to better assess the effects of the return and reinsertion of these migrants within the present context of restrictions on the flow of migrants. The first section presents the profile of Senegalese migrants and then evaluates what may be described as the "French‐Senegalese" experience. The latter offers an example of concerted efforts to ensure the reintegration and participation of returning migrants in the economic development of their country of origin. The second section reviews Senegal’s official policies for the protection and promotion of Senegalese living abroad and assesses the Programme of Support to Migrant Workers. The third section presents recommendations for actions which could accompany migrants returning to their countries of origin and facilitate their reinsertion in the current economic and social environment.
Refractory hypoxemia after mitral valve surgery: an unusual cause and its successful percutaneous treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe the case of a patient who underwent elective mitral valve replacement and whose postoperative progress was complicated by a persistently high inspired oxygen requirement and consequent inability to wean from respiratory support. The reason for this was initially unclear, but transesophageal echocardiography identified the cause as a postoperative iatrogenic atrial septal defect (ASD). This complication was specifically related to the transseptal surgical approach that had been employed. The refractory arterial hypoxemia encountered postoperatively was due to an element of right-to-left shunting across the defect, in the absence of raised pulmonary artery pressures, likely related to a baffle-like effect of the residual atrial septal tissue. This postulated mechanism was supported both by Doppler color flow mapping across the defect at transesophageal echocardiography, and later by observing a rise in systemic arterial oxygen saturations immediately after device closure of the ASD. Once the iatrogenic ASD had been diagnosed, there was a consensus of opinion that the patient was too unwell to survive further open heart surgery. Hence, percutaneous closure of the defect was performed using an Amplatzer occluder device. This was technically successful and led to a marked improvement in the patient's clinical state, subsequent rapid weaning from ventilatory support and later hospital discharge. This case illustrates a rare presentation of an occasional complication of mitral valve surgery. Percutaneously delivered device closure of the ASD proved highly effective in this patient for whom no other options were felt to be feasible.
Spectral Signatures of the Effects of Caffeine and Occipitally Applied Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Task-Free Experimental Setup

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spectral activity of the brain strongly depends on the subject's arousal state. To study the dynamics of state-dependent activity in response to occipitally applied brain stimulation free from task-related confounds, we used a combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroencephalography (EEG), and caffeine administration in a double-blind experimental setup with eight male subjects. Caffeine increased pre–TMS baseline gamma-band power compared with placebo control in both low-gamma (30–50 Hz) and high-gamma (50–80 Hz) bands. Surprisingly, TMS led to a decreased relative power of the poststimulation low-gamma-band activity under caffeine as compared with TMS in a placebo condition. In addition, caffeine administration was associated with a reduction of TMS-evoked alpha power of about 400 ms after TMS. When we analyzed the TMS-related raw power without baseline normalization, the gamma-band activity in both frequency bands was stronger for the caffeine conditions. These results show that caffeine increases the gamma power in human EEG recordings. Furthermore, TMS-related spectral perturbations are brain-state dependent and lead to different spectral signatures under different physiological conditions.
The Geometer: A New Device for Recording Angles in Visual Surveys

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Geometer is a new handheld USB device that facilitates a relatively accurate measurement of the declination to a target with instantaneous recording of this and other data. The Geometer offers several advantages over traditional clinometers used in aerial surveys, including easier target pinpointing and tracking, more consistent angle measurements, and integration with software data collection packages. In this note we provide technical specifications for the device and its associated software, and describe a new aerial survey data collection programme that takes full advantage of the features of the Geometer. We have tested this device extensively during aerial surveys and highlight the utility of the hardware as well as ways in which the technology could be improved.
Next-generation sequencing shows West Nile virus quasispecies diversification after a single passage in a carrion crow (Corvus corone) in vivo infection model

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

West Nile virus (WNV) occurs as a population of genetic variants (quasispecies) infecting a single animal. Previous low-resolution viral genetic diversity estimates in sampled wild birds and mosquitoes, and in multiple-passage adaptation studies in vivo or in cell culture, suggest that WNV genetic diversification is mostly limited to the mosquito vector. This study investigated genetic diversification of WNV in avian hosts during a single passage using next-generation sequencing. Wild-captured carrion crows were subcutaneously infected using a clonal Middle-East WNV. Blood samples were collected 2 and 4 days post-infection. A reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR approach was used to amplify the WNV genome directly from serum samples prior to next-generation sequencing resulting in an average depth of at least 700 × in each sample. Appropriate controls were sequenced to discriminate biologically relevant low-frequency variants from experimentally introduced errors. The WNV populations in the wild crows showed significant diversification away from the inoculum virus quasispecies structure. By contrast, WNV populations in intracerebrally infected day-old chickens did not diversify from that of the inoculum. Where previous studies concluded that WNV genetic diversification is only experimentally demonstrated in its permissive insect vector species, we have experimentally shown significant diversification of WNV populations in a wild bird reservoir species.
Image3_Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Network Pharmacological Analysis, and In Vivo Evaluation.TIF

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Zhi zhu xiang (ZZX) is the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Recent studies have shown that ZZX can exert antianxiety, antidepressant, and sedative effects. Because post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is similar to depression and anxiety in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations, it is possible that ZZX may also be useful for the prevention and treatment of PTSD. In this study, a mouse model of PTSD was established and used to study the pharmacological action of a 95% ethanol extract of ZZX on PTSD via a series of classic behavioral tests. We found that a 95% ethanol extract of ZZX was indeed effective for relieving the symptoms of PTSD in mice. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the potential active ingredients, targets, and possible pathways of ZZX in the treatment of PTSD. The neurotransmitter system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system were identified to be the most likely pathways for anti-PTSD action in ZZX. Due to the lack of a falsification mechanism in network pharmacology, in vivo tests were carried out in mice, and the expression levels of neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes of key targets were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR to further verify this inference. Analysis showed that the levels of norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and glutamic acid were increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala of PTSD mice, while the levels of dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid were decreased in these brain regions; furthermore, ZZX could restore the expression of these factors, at least to a certain extent. The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone were increased in these different brain regions and the serum of PTSD mice; these effects could be reversed by ZZX to a certain extent. The expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 and diacylglycerol lipase α mRNA were decreased in PTSD mice, while the levels of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase mRNA were increased; these effects were restored by ZZX to a certain extent. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ZZX may provide new therapeutic pathways for treating PTSD by the regulation of neurotransmitters, the HPA, and expression levels of eCB-related genes in the brain.</p>
Supplementary Figures and Legends from Semaphorin 4C Promotes Macrophage Recruitment and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>S1. Apoptosis detected by TUNEL in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing shSEMA4C or EV. S2. Sema4C cDNA re-expressed in these MDA-MB-231 siSEMA4C cells could recover cell growth and ANG and CSF secretion. S3. Expression of senescence-associated pathway proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells were examined using western blot post-transfection at the indicated time. S4. SEMA4C regulates angiogenesis. S5. The vascular integrity was detected in EV tumours and shSEMA4C tumours. S6. Sections from tumors were immunostained with anti-cd45 (white arrowhead) or F4/80(black arrow) antibody. S7. SEMA4C regulates macrophage recruitment. S8. The vascular density and macrophage area were detected in EV tumours and shSEMA4C tumours at the same weight. S9. Recombinant soluble Sema4C did not affect MDA-MB-231 proliferation and endothelial cells tube formation despite could increase macrophages migration. S10. mRNA levels of ANG and CSF were analyzed in presence of siSEMA4C RNA or sema4C cDNA in MDA-MB-231cells. S11. Expression of mRNA(A) and secreted protein(B) level of ANG and CSF-1 were detected in the MCF-7 cells overexpressing SEMA4C. S12. The growth curve and cell cycle were detected in presence of siANG in MDA-MB-231 cells.</p>
Biochemical Evaluation of Some Promising Varieties/Genotypes of Rice Bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.; Ohwi and Ohashi)]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dried seeds of twelve varieties/genotypes of rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb; Ohwi and Ohashi)] grown at research farm of NBPGR, Phagli, Shimla during 2008 were analysed for some biochemical constituents of nutritional significance. 100-seed weight ranged from 5.5 to 8.3 g, whereas the moisture content varied from 9.5 to 10.9. Significant variations in quality attributes viz., crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, methionine, tryptophan, in vitro protein digestibility, tannins, cooking time, calcium, iron, zinc and phosphorus were observed to range from 17.9 to 19.4, 0.48 to 1.15, 4.6 to 6.7, 3.9 to 5.7, 58.0 to 61.2per cent, 0.98 to 1.50, 0.84 to 1.36 g per 100 g protein, 83.3 to 88.5 per cent, 490 to 860 mg/100 g, 44 to 56 minutes, 256 to 385, 3.6 to 7.4, 2.4 to 4.2 and 273.3 to 517.9 mg per 100 g, respectively. The study indicated that varieties/genotypes viz., BC-1 in seed weight; PRR-2007-1, BC-1 and RBL-6 in moisture (exhibiting lowest value); PRR-2007-1 in crude protein; PRR-2007-1 in oil; RL-3 in crude fibre; RBL-1 in ash; LRB-160 in carbohydrates; LRB-470 in methionine; PRR-1 in tryptophan; RBL-1 for in vitro protein digestibility; BC-1 in tannins (with its lowest value), RBL-6 in cooking quality; LRB-160 in calcium; BC-1 in iron; PRR-2007-2 in zinc; BC-1 in phosphorus emerged promising for individual quality trait. Besides, based on varietal rating taking into consideration performance of varieties/genotypes with regard to desirable quality attributes viz., protein, fibre, carbohydrates, methionine, tryptophan, in vitro protein digestibility, cooking quality, calcium (in descending order) and anti-nutritional factor-tannins (in ascending order) taken together varieties RBL-6, LRB-470 and RBL-1 were identified to be overall superior multipurpose varieties in that order.
Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma With Vinblastine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Five cases of Kaposi sarcoma with vinblastine sulfate treatment were compared with 18 cases reported in the literature. Our experience with a low-dosage schedule emphasizes that toxicity is not necessary for a favorable result. Vinblastine seems to be an effective treatment for Kaposi sarcoma and, in selected cases, may supplement radiation therapy or be used alone.
Internal compact wideband metal-plate antenna for WLAN/WMAN dual-network operation in the laptop computer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The internal compact wideband metal-plate antenna suitable for WLAN/WMAN dual-network operation in the laptop computer has been proposed. A constructed prototype capable of generating a wide operating band of about 3.6 GHz in bandwidth with a compact size of 29 × 6.5 × 5 mm 3 has been successfully implemented. Good radiation characteristics for frequencies across the operating band have been obtained. The proposed antenna is promising for practical applications in achieving seamless internet access for wireless users.
Independent exploration with tangibles for students with intellectual disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Students with intellectual disabilities tend to be reliant on other people's opinions and attitudes, and fear taking the initiative. Thus, they are reluctant to independently undertake activities required in exploratory learning contexts -- a pedagogical approach recommended by constructivist theories. This research aims to investigate how different aspects of tangibles, like physicality, multisensory and dynamic feedback, can better support more independent exploration for students with intellectual disabilities. Empirical studies were undertaken where forty-six students with intellectual disabilities used four different tangible systems for exploratory activities. Preliminary results provide indications for adequate design choices under the categories of action-effect mapping, types of representations, embedded meanings and conceptual metaphors, and actions.
Adult ADHD diagnosis and binge eating disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders has not been yet clarified. The presence of ADHD was significantly correlated with more severe binge eating, bulimic behaviors, and depressive symptomatology. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between ADHD subtypes in adults and the risk of food addiction (binge eating disorder). The sample was collected on a specific program for adults with ADHD diagnosis in Madrid (Spain). In total, the sample was 110 patients, and we collected information about socio-demographic factors. All patients met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD in different subtypes. We used the conner's Adult ADHD rating scales and the Barrat impulsiveness scale. Also we used the Shorter Promise Questionnaire. This is a 16 scale self-report instrument to measure an individual's level of addictive tendency. The 36.4% were at high risk of developing a food addiction. For binge eating disorder (BE), no statistically significant differences were found by gender within patients with ADHD. Binge eating was significantly related to the impulsivity and emotional liability subscale of the CAARS ( P < 0.05). The risk of develop BE in ADHD was 4.7 (CI 95% 1.8–12.07). Binge eating was significantly related to the total score on the Barrat scale ( P < 0.05) Risk of 3,5 (CI 95% 1.5–7.9) and within the subtypes of impulsivity, motor impulsiveness was the one that was significantly related to BE ( P < 0.001) There is a clear relationship between impulsiveness symptoms and BE in patients with ADHD. It's important to note that there are no gender differences within ADHA patients to develop a BE disorder. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.