jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Selective and Competitive Adsorption of Anions in Solution on Porous Adsorbent from Zea mays Steams: Kinetic and Equilibrium Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface modification can improve the adsorption capacity of biochar. Biochar was produced from corn stalks (Zea mays) by pyrolysis at 520 °C, activated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) using impregnation ratios of biomass weight: volume 1:2 (B 1:2) and 1:3 (B 1:3). The kinetic study showed that the equilibrium is reached at 180 min; the maximum adsorption capacity of nitrate and sulphate was obtained with B 1:2 and for phosphate with B 1:3. The adsorption of nitrate and phosphate with the two biochars presented a good fitting to the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order model, while that of sulphate for B 1:2 is described by Elovich’s model. Freundlich’s model describes the equilibrium of adsorption of nitrate and phosphate using B 1:2 and B 1:3, while Dubinin–Radushkevich adjusts the removal of sulphate for C 1:2 and C 1:3; therefore it is suggested that adsorption occurs in multilayers. The multicomponent study evidences the preference of biocarbon for phosphate, without indicating competition for the active centers of the material among the anions studied.
Haemodynamic Effects of Hydralazine at Rest and during Exercise in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The administration of vasodilator drugs has been shown to have beneficial effects at rest in patients with acute or chronic heart failure. To determine the efficacy of hydralazine during exercise, 10 severely symptomatic patients with chronic left ventricular failure from diffuse coronary disease or cardiomyopathy were studied at rest and during upright exercise on a bicycle ergometer. All patients were already receiving optimal treatment with digitalis and diuretics. At rest treatment with hydralazine resulted in a fall in both mean arterial and pulmonary wedge pressure. There was a 50 per cent reduction in systemic vascular resistance compared with pretreatment measurements and there was an equally impressive increase in stroke volume index. During exertion the changes noted at rest were sustained though occurred to a lesser degree; thus there was a 20 per cent fall in arterial resistance and a 20 per cent rise in stroke volume index compared with control. These findings show that hydralazine administration not only results in a beneficial effect on cardiac function at rest but that this effect is maintained during upright exercise in patients with impaired left ventricular function, thus providing further support for its use in the long-term management of such patients.
High-accuracy Object Detection Based on YOLOv3 Under Different Weather Conditions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To improve the accuracy and speed of image target detection under complex weather conditions, an image target detection method based on the YOLOv3 algorithm and image enhancement processing is proposed. Firstly, we make a data set specifically for image target detection by filtering the VOC 2007 data set. Then we select the yolov3 target detection model as the infrastructure network of image target detection. We improved the network structure for better accuracy. Then, the original data is enhanced by setting different atmospheric and channel conditions, and we use the improved YOLOv3 model to detect the image target and calculate the accuracy. Experimental results show that the system has good prediction accuracy for all 20 categories in the original data set. In addition, the image object detection method based on the combination of the YOLOv3 algorithm and image enhancement processing can effectively complete the task of image object detection under complex weather conditions.
Abstract 2909: LC3 protein expression associates with UV exposure in melanoma histopathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The 5-year survival rate for stage IV melanoma is estimated to remain unchanged at only 15%, even with new therapies. One emerging hallmark of cancer is the reprogramming of energy metabolism including the role of autophagy. In cancer, autophagy appears to be an important energy source for nutrient-depleted tumors. Ultraviolet-radiation (UVR) exposure is an established risk factor for melanoma and increases autophagic flux. We hypothesize that UV exposure is independently associated with both levels of autophagy and melanoma survival. To address this hypothesis, we are investigating the association between UVR exposure, autophagy, and development of melanoma. Basal levels of autophagy appear to vary by tumor stage, and higher levels of autophagy are associated with poor clinical prognosis. Melanoma cells contain high levels of autophagosomes, a cellular structure associated with autophagy, as measured by the proxy marker LC3. Also, the expression of the autophagy marker Beclin 1 has been associated with increased risk of early death from melanoma. These findings suggest that autophagy provides metabolic support for tumors as it localizes to hypoxic tumor areas, supports tumor cell survival, and is activated in response to stress. Autophagy can act as a cytoprotective mechanism against UV-induced apoptosis. We have shown that rates of autophagy vary by oncogene status. Autophagy was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded melanoma and normal tissue sections, by staining for LC3 and Beclin 1 using IHC. These markers of autophagy, along with clinical tumor characteristics, were correlated with extensive questionnaire data on UV exposure from the same patients to evaluate the impact of estimated lifetime sun exposure and sunburns on survival. A trend in the expression of Beclin1 was not observed; however, LC3 expression was increased in melanoma sections compared to normal. Our results provide enticing support that lifetime UVR exposure is associated with autophagy protein expression in melanoma. Citation Format: Kirsten A. M. White, Salina Torres, Todd A. Thompson, Chien-An A. Hu, Orrin Myers, Marianne Berwick. LC3 protein expression associates with UV exposure in melanoma histopathology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2909. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2909
The role of competence and warmth in the evaluation of obese individuals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the effect of varying levels of competence and warmth portrayed by an obese woman, on the evaluation of obese individuals in general. The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) provided a theoretical basis for the four interventions and one control group tested in this study. The interventions involved presenting, either online or in-person, a vignette of an obese woman with varying levels (high versus low) of competence and warmth to 400 first year university students. Several measures were used to evaluate feelings, attitudes, stereotypes, and levels of perceived competence and warmth both prior to receiving the intervention and at three follow-up times. Results revealed significant effects of the warmth intervention on measures of competence and warmth at the post-test 1 time, and of the warmth intervention on measures of competence in examining changes over a two-week time period. Results also showed significant effects of presentation condition, the most interesting finding being that those in the online condition reported the greatest decrease in negative stereotypes and evaluations. Limitations of this study including design flaws are identified, as are suggestions for future research, and implications of these findings.
P10.16: Development of hAFP and free hCG assays for 2nd trimester prenatal screening using DELFIA Xpress random access analyser

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A traditional method for estimating the risk for Down's syndrome is to measure maternal serum AFP in combination with hCG (total or free hCGβ) and/or uE3 at 15–18 weeks of gestation, and interpret the results together with maternal age. AFP either as serum or combined with amniotic fluid has also a separate value in screening for neural tube defects and for congenital nephrosis of Finnish type. Rapid immunoassays based on DELFIA® technology were developed for measurement of hAFP and free hCGβ. The assays were performed using a new random access analyser, DELFIA Xpress. Barcoded reagents and samples are loaded into the analyser and a test panel is selected. The analyser adds buffer and sample into coated cups whereupon europium labelled tracer is added. After 20 min incubation unbound reagents are removed, DELFIA Inducer is added and Eu fluorescence is measured. Total assay time is 30 min. The precisions were determined using several samples that were run in at least two analyzers during 7–10 days. The calibration curve of the first run was used as reference curve. For the determination of the recoveries spiked samples were prepared by adding concentrated analyte solution to samples. Analyte specific diluent was used for the sample dilution. The results from the performance studies are presented in the table below. The developed hAFP and free hCGβ assays combined with DELFIA Xpress analyser and Wallac Life Cycle™ with Elipse Screening Engine enable a simple, quick and reliable way of analysing 2nd trimester pregnancy samples.
A Community Detection Method for Social Network Based on Community Embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most community detection methods focus on the similarities between detection nodes to achieve community partitioning. Traditional network representation learning methods are also limited to the local context of the central nodes, which results in less truly representative results. This article examines nodes' influence information, nodes' community affiliating information, and similarity of community topologies and proposes a more effective node representation strategy. According to the local node information and global topology in the social network graph, a method of combining local node embedding and global community embedding is also designed. The effectiveness of learning node representation and community representation is improved by our approach. The proposed model can also effectively detect overlapping communities.
Morphobiological features, essential oil content and useful properties of the Ruta graveolens L. species in Absheron

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ruta graveolens L., which is of medicinal importance, has been cultivated under the conditions of Absheron and monitored during the developmental stages of ontogenesis. Differences and common signs in the growth and development of plants at the age and transitional stages were studied. Plant organs were studied during the transition from one age stage to another and the observations were made during the prefloral, vegetation period. During the study of the growth and development cycles of the plant, the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined, and microbiological analysis was performed. The criteria for tolerance to environmental factors were identified, agrotechnical methods of control were developed
A Study on Dynamic Modulus of Epoxy Asphalt Concrete: Experiment and Modeling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Epoxy asphalt concrete (EAC) has been applied as a surface layer for heavy-load pavements and as a coating layer on steel bridge decks in many countries such as Japan, the UK and the US. EAC exhibits several superior properties, including enhanced resistance to rutting and fatigue cracking, compared to conventional asphalt concrete (AC). The dynamic modulus (|E*|) is a key parameter used to evaluate the performance of EAC in flexible pavement structures. This paper presents laboratory experimental results of the dynamic modulus of EAC across a broad range of temperatures and loading frequencies. Based on these results, master curves of |E*| were constructed to investigate viscoelastic properties of EAC mixtures. Moreover, in order to simulate |E*| master curves of EAC, the model “2S2P1D” was chosen because it has been proven to be suitable for all types of asphalt mixtures. The experimental and simulation results of |E*| master curves of EAC mixtures compared with those of polymer modified asphalt concrete (PMAC) showed that EAC have been retained the viscoelastic properties of asphalt materials.
Risk assessment methodology for trajectory planning in keyhole neurosurgery using genetic algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background: Preoperative assessment to find the safest trajectory in keyhole neurosurgery can reduce post operative complications. Methods : We introduced a novel preoperative risk assessment semiautomated methodology based on the sum of N maximum risk values using a generic genetic algorithm for the safest trajectory search. Results: A set of candidates trajectories were found for two surgical procedures. The trajectories search is done using a risk map considering the proximity of voxels within risk structures in multiple points and a genetic algorithm to avoid an exhaustive search. The trajectories were validated by a group of neurosurgeons. Conclusions : The trajectories obtained with the proposal method were shorter in 5% and have greater distance from the voxels within the blood vessels in 4.7%. The use of genetic algorithm (GA) speeds up the search for the safest trajectory, decreasing in 99.9% the time required for an exhaustive search.
InP HBT digital ICs and MMICs in the 140-220 GHz band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Well-balanced InP HBTs now have /spl sim/450 GHz cutoff frequencies and /spl sim/4 V breakdown. With such devices, 150 GHz digital circuits (static dividers) and 175 GHz amplifiers have been demonstrated. We discuss device requirements (scaling laws and scaling limits) for realizing transistors and both digital and analog/RF circuits at sub-mm-wave frequencies; the most critical limitations are metal/semiconductor contact resistivities and dissipated power densities. Given present contact performance and thermal design, 200 GHz digital technologies and 300 GHz power amplifiers are now feasible and will soon be realized.
The Research Evolution Using MBR in Paper-making Wastewater Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Paper-making wastewater treatment is a major difficult problem in the world,some traditional technologies cannot accommodate with the requirement of environmental protection nowadays.As a new technology in the wastewater treatment,menbrane bioreactor technology has more superiorities than traditional bio-technology,and has widely prospects in the field of paper-making wastewater treatment.In this paper,the current research and the evolution of MBR which is used in the treatment of paper-making wastewater were summarized.
Concurrent Operant Analysis Validation: A Brief Report

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A concurrent operant analysis (COA) employs a simultaneous-treatment design, which arranges simultaneously available reinforcers and measures choice allocation for determinations about the relative reinforcing efficacy between various stimuli. Although many studies have used concurrent operant arrangements to ascertain preferences for interventions, few studies have used this technology to identify functional reinforcers for challenging behavior. We replicated and extended previous research by conducting a COA to identify functional reinforcers maintaining challenging behavior by conducting consecutive comparisons to allow for replication of responding to emerge for an autistic 10-year-old female in a university-affiliated program. We subsequently validated COA results via a reinforcer assessment using an ABAB reversal design. Results indicated escape was a reinforcer for Amelia’s choice allocation in the COA and confirmed as a reinforcer for target responding in the COA validation. This brief report describes the flexibility and use for applying single-case research designs to identify functional reinforcers.
ORIGINAL PAPER School functioning in 8- to 18-year-old children born after in vitro fertilization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the school functioning of 8- to 18-year-old children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF). We compared 233 children born after IVF to 233 matched control children born spontaneously from parents with fertility problems on measures of education level, general cognitive ability, school perfor-mance (need for extra help, repeating a grade, special education), and rates of learning and developmental disorders. No differences were found between IVF and control children on these measures of school functioning. More than 60 % of adolescents at secondary school attended high academic levels (with access to high school or university). We conclude that children and adolescents born after IVF show good academic achievement and general cognitive ability. They do not experience any more educational limitations than the naturally conceived chil-dren and adolescents of the control group. The tendency of reassuring school functioning already found in younger IVF children has been shown to continue at secondary school age.
Partisanship, Trade Policy, and Globalization: Is There a Left-Right Divide on Trade Policy?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Are there noticeable differences among political parties in a country over their trade policy positions? Do left parties advocate different trade policies than right parties? In the advanced industrial countries where labor tends to be scarce, are left parties more protectionist than right ones, which represent capital owners? Political institutions within these democratic countries may affect the role of partisanship. We also investigate whether increasing globalization has led to more or less partisan polarization over trade policy. We examine 25 developed countries from 1945 to 1998 to see how their parties have competed over trade policy. Controlling for various factors, partisanship matters. Right parties consistently take more free trade stances than do left ones. Globalization and other international forces have also shaped both the nature and the extent of the domestic debate over exposure to international trade.
Additional file 3 of Ray of dawn: Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy enhances the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in Lymphoma patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional File 3: Supplement 3. (A). Sensitivity analysis of complete response (CR) for patients with anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy. (B) Forest plot of complete response (CR) for patients with anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy.
Comparison between experimental and theoretical results for the fast-head-tail instability in PEP

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The fast-head-tail instability has been observed at several storage rings. This is a single-bunch beam instability where the unstable motion can occur in either the horizontal or vertical plane. Kohaupt and Talman have offered a simplified treatment of this instability by modeling the bunch as two rigid macroparticles executing synchrotron oscillations and thus exchanging their longitudinal positions periodically. While the wake field forces which drive the fast-head-tail instability are the same ones which drive the slow-head-tail instability, the growth mechanism is considerably different. The two particle model describes the particle motion with two normal modes; below a certain stability threshold, these two modes are stable with different frequencies. In the limit of zero beam current only one of these modes has a center-of-charge motion. However, as the current is increased, both modes acquire center-of-charge motions and at threshold the center-of-charge components of their motions become equal in magnitude, thus when the center-of-charge motion is excited by an impulse as by an injection kicker, the relative amplitude of the two modes depends upon the ratio of bunch current to the threshold current. We shall describe the character of this coherent motion both theoretically and experimentally.
[Special Issue: Fact Databases and Freewares] tRNAfinder: A Software System To Find All tRNA Genes in the DNA Sequence Based on the Cloverleaf Secondary Structure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over 250 bacterial genome sequences have been completely determined. This makes it possible to study the species-specific gene expression systems involving transcription and translation for a wide range of organisms. To understand species-specific translation system, it is important to comprehend the whole set of tRNAs for individual species. When we could comprehend the whole set of tRNAs for individual speices, we could estimate optimal codons for individual species based on levels of tRNAs and multivariate analysis of codon usage for individual species because of the high correlation between tRNA contents and copy numbers of isoaccepting tRNA genes in genomes. Thus, the copy numbers of isoaccepting tRNAs in genomes are very important for understanding species-specific translation system. In the present study, we developed new identification package of tRNAs from a DNA sequence called tRNAfinder. The procedure for detecting tRNAs are as follows: Firstly, tRNA candidates are detected based on tRNA cloverleaf secondary structure. Secondly, tRNAs are selected from the candidates based on the consensus rules derived from real tRNAs. In the present study we illustrate tRNAfinder algorithm and the performance of the present system by comparing composition of tRNAs from publicly available web sites using 72 gamma-proteobacteria. Furthermore we examine the universal system of tRNA composition in gamma proteobacteria. The programs developed in the present study are downloadable from our web site.
Design and Development of a Prototype Upper-limb Rehabilitation Robot Based on Multi-body Dynamics Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The nerve plexus damage of the upper limb provokes the disability of patients and makes a drastic impact both mentally and physically. Therefore, rehabilitation treatments for patients are indispensable. This study focuses on developing a 3-axis rehabilitation robot with targets including the geometric design of body structure, mathematical modeling of the multi-axis mechanism, the multi-body dynamic analysis, the selection of mechatronic systems, and the assembling and solid test of the rehabilitation robot. Through the precedent design, analysis, and simulation using software, the specification and performance can be ensured in advance. The realized rehabilitation robot is quickly developed with a further professional evaluation of the rehabilitating movements. Thus, the most suitable rehabilitating movement for patients can be achieved to enhance the effectiveness of the rehabilitation treatment.
A Statistical Analysis of the Distribution of D062 Demand in a Given Leadtime.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the results of several statistical studies of the distribution of forecast errors associated with the forecasting rules currently used in the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Buy Computation System (D062). Actual demand histories for over 20,000 Air Force EOQ items for the CY71-79 interval served as the major data source used in the study. Useful analytic approximation formulas are presented in Sections III and IV.