jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Error Prediction for High-Precision Operation of Parallel Kinematic Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Closed-loop parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) have been proposed to improve precision and operation speed over conventional machine tools and robots. However, an embarrassing dilemma is that most of the existing PKMs achieve very lower precision in contrast to equivalent serial machine tools or robots, which are competitive to same tasks. Limited works have been conducted to evaluate errors thus improve precision of machine in real-time control. It becomes necessary to explore the relation of the motion error with the dynamics of a PKM. In this paper, the new model of the error evaluation has been proposed; three major sources of error under consideration are the deformations of the components under dynamic loads, the deformations at joint contacts, and the clearances of passive joints. To illustrate the modeling procedure, the dynamic model of machine is developed to determine internal forces among components and locations of joint contacts. Errors caused by machine dynamics are evaluated analytically in real time; in particular, the errors happened at the contacts of passive joints are estimated based on Hertz theory. The developed error models can be applied to compensate the motion errors of tool tip in real-time. The Exechon parallel kinematic machine is used as a case study, the results from simulation has been compared with the test data.
Who Aspires to Become a Teacher? Findings from a Cohort Study Tracking Young People from Age 10/11 to Age 21/22

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Against a backdrop of severe and long-standing teacher shortages, in this paper we present analyses of over 60,000 survey responses collected via a cross-sectional cohort study that sampled young people in England over a period of 11 years; at ages 10/11, 12/13, 13/14, 15/16, 17/18, and 21/22. These methods allow us to explore how common teaching aspirations are amongst young people at different ages, and who aspires to become a teacher as a future career. Analysing both free-text and Likert-scale data, we find that many more young people express an interest in becoming a teacher than is reflected in teacher recruitment data, and that teaching aspirations are patterned by gender and ethnicity. Girls and young women, as well as young people who identified as White, were significantly more likely to be open to teaching than their peers. Our findings suggest that teaching is a common back-up, or second-choice career aspiration, and that many individuals who report an earlier interest in teaching do not go on to become teachers. We end the paper with reflections on how these findings might be used to increase and diversify teacher recruitment, as well as recommendations for future research.
Maternal Care in Relation to Infant Behavior in the Squirrel Monkey

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Observation of a mother squirrel monkey with her dead infant and an experiment with another mother and her viable 10-day-old infant are used to support the following points. (1) The typical, passive maternal care given by the squirrel monkey mother to her young is in part influenced by the behavior of the infant. (2) In response to certain behaviors of the infant, the squirrel monkey mother can exhibit behaviors that for her are otherwise improbable, including bipedal carrying and cradling of the infant. Implications of these findings for inferring the origin of bipedalism in primates are considered.
IMPROVING BATTERY MANUFACTURING THROUGH QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY BOTTLENECK INDICATORS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Battery manufacturing has attracted more research attention due to the increasing demand of alternative energy source for hybrid and electric vehicles. The coupling between productivity and quality in battery manufacturing is exhibited in various ways. This chapter considers a battery assembly system consisting of a serial production line with multiple inspections and repairs. It investigates the strong correlation between quality failure rate and throughput of conforming batteries existing in such systems, and introduces an integrated model of productivity and quality. The chapter develops analytical methods to estimate the production rate of conforming batteries based on quality flow model and overlapping decomposition approach. The complex system is decomposed into a set of overlapped serial lines and further analysis in serial lines is carried out based on aggregation procedures. The chapter also investigates bottleneck identification methods based on machine blockage and starvation probabilities and inspecting statistics.
Development and Quality Evaluation of Cereal Based Nutribars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutribars were introduced in the last decade as a wholesome alternative product when consumers showed more interest in health and diets. The aim of this study was to develop nutribars using cereal flakes, dehydrated fruits, nuts and functional ingredients. Nutribars were prepared in 24 different combination based on jaggery honey mix and glucose syrup in which cereal flakes formed the main ingredient. Nutribars prepared using glucose syrup had comparatively better mean scores for different quality attributes than nutribars prepared with jaggery honey mix. The chemical and nutritional qualities were observed with moisture (10.20 to 12.50 %), protein (5.47 to 7.16%), fat (4.48 to 4.98), fibre (0.36 to 1.43%), starch (49.8 to 79.2%), total sugar (36.47 to 42.98), reducing sugar (21.61 to 31.22%), thiamine (0.376 to 0.668 mg/100g), calcium (48.06 to 74.50 mg/100g), iron (5.10 to 6.44 mg/100g), sodium (157.8 to 311.2 mg/100g), potassium (129.51 to 198.47 mg/100g) and zinc (0.815 to1.037 mg/100g). Microbial contamination and peroxides were not detected in the products. This study revealed the potential of nutribars as an energy dense nutrient rich wholesome food for different age groups.
Alexander von Humboldt: a metabiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) is one of the most celebrated figures of late-modern science, famous for his work in physical geography, botanical geography, and climatology, and his role as one of the first great popularizers of the sciences. His momentous accomplishments have intrigued German biographers from the Prussian era to the fall of the Berlin wall, all of whom configured and reconfigured Humboldt's life according to the sensibilities of the day.This volume, the first metabiography of the great scientist, traces Humboldt's biographical identities through Germany's collective past to shed light on the historical instability of our scientific heroes.
Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest: Alternative Specifications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We build on the work of Laubach and Williams (2003) and subsequent studies by analyzing the effect on the estimates of the natural rate of interest ($r^*$) of accounting for full parameter uncertainty and alternative specifications for the underlying components of the natural rate. Our estimation technique delivers richer time-series dynamics for the median estimate of $r^*$ within the Laubach and Williams model. Additionally, we find that models with transitory shocks to the non-growth component of the natural rate have a higher marginal likelihood and produce an upward-sloping post-crisis trajectory of the $r^*$ path and thus a higher recent median point estimate (1.8\% in 2016:Q3).
The Level of Enlightenment of Arabic Language Teachers with the Writing Concept and its Learning and Teaching Principles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to reveal the level of enlightenment of teachers of Arabic language in the basic stage, with the concept of writing and the principles of its learning and teaching, also aimed at investigating whether the level of teachers’ enlightenment concept of writing and the principles of their learning and teaching vary according to two variables (the academic qualification and educational experience).To achieve the goal of the study, a test was built to measure teachers' enlightenmentconcept of writing and the principles of its learning and teaching, The test consisted of (30) items of multiple choice type, After verifying the validity and reliability of the two tools, they were distributed to the study sample consisting of (205) male and female teachers, from all Arabic language teachers for the basic stage in the city of Salt,and were distributed in public and private schools in the second semester of the current academic year 2019/2020, they were chosen randomly.Descriptive statistics and binary variance analysis showed that the level of teachers' enlightenmentconcept of writing and the principles of its learning and teaching was acceptance:(less than medium), and there were statistically significant differences between the means of the level of enlightenment among teachers, according to the variables: (educational qualification and educational experience), and in favor of graduate students and those with educational experience, The effect of the educational qualification on teachers' literacy is different from the concept of writing and the principles of its learning and teaching according to different levels of educational experience. The study was concluded with a set of recommendations that confirmed the necessity of holding training courses for teachers of Arabic language to increase their level of literacy, the concept of writing and the principles of its learning and teaching.
First-price auctions, Dutch auctions, and buy-it-now prices with Allais paradox bidders

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates first-price and Dutch auctions when bidders have preferences exhibiting the Allais paradox. We characterize an equilibrium for both auctions, paying particular attention to the dynamic inconsistency problems which can arise with such preferences. We show that the Dutch auction systematically yields a higher revenue than the first-price auction. This stands in sharp contrast with the presumption that these auctions are strategically equivalent, which is indeed valid in the expected utility case. We also show that introducing a "buy-it-now-price" to the first-price auction increases seller's expected revenue when bidders have Allais paradox preference while it does not for expected-utility maximizers.
Competing for Honor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Using social-scientific criticism, this work presents a reading of Daniel 1-6 as literature of resistance. The characters and episodes of these tales are read against a backdrop of social competition for the cultural value of honor. Each of the tales of Daniel 1-6 is analyzed, revealing a comparison that is sustained throughout the compilation and that pits the Judean tradition in competition with a dominant foreign tradition. The dynamics of comparison and competition are explored in each tale with the help of social-scientific models depicting honor and exploring the related dynamics of purity, patronage, virtue, limited good, and envy. This work is particularly useful for scholars and students interested in social-scientific criticism and the value of that methodology for Hebrew Bible study, as well as for those interested in Daniel, honor and shame, ancient rhetoric, and cultural resistance in the postexilic period.
The Effectiveness of Paaryaad Perceptual-Motor Exercises on Response Inhibition, Cognitive Flexibility and Time Reproduction in Children with Developmental Coordination

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Recently, the use of new therapeutic approaches to improve the executive functions of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of paaryaad exercises on response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and time reproduction in 8-12-year-old children with DCD. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the research was all the male students aged 8 to 12 years old in Maroodasht city schools in 2018, 30 of whom were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention included perceptual-motor paaryaad exercises for 20 thirty-minute sessions at the gym. Data were collected using GO/NOGO and Stroop software, and time reproduction. Data analysis was done using repeated measure analysis of variance and Wilcoxon test in SPSS 24 software. Results: The results of the research showed that the scores of the experimental group regarding the variables of cognitive flexibility and response inhibition increased and the scores of time reproduction decreased. However, the scores of the control group did not change in the studied variables. Moreover, the findings of the research showed that Paaryaad perceptual motor exercises have a significant effect on response inhibition and time reproduction (p<0/005), but did not have a significant effect on the cognitive flexibility component (p<0/005). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of Paaryaad exercises on response inhibition and time reproduction of children with DCD, it is suggested that these exercises be used as a suitable intervention method to improve some executive functions.
Efficient wavelet families for ECG classification using neural classifiers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emerging technologies in science and engineering helps in developing predictive models for accurate diagnosis (wellness) of diseases such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) related to heart and brain respectively. In this paper, a comparative study of neural classifiers such as back propagation neural network (BPN), feed forward network (FFN) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) on ECG signals using classical wavelet transform is presented. The ECG files of normal and abnormal classes depending upon the beats present in the signal are taken from the standard arrhythmia database from MIT-BIH. After removal of noise from the original signal, the features selected using discrete wavelet transform with different wavelet families like daubechies, symlet, coiflet, biorthogonal and reverse biorthogonal are supplied as input to different neural classifiers. The performance of different neural classifiers are figured out by the sensitivity (Se), the positive predictivity (PP), specificity (Sp) and accuracy (Acc). From the experimental results, it is inferred that RBFNN gives Se 100, PP 100, Sp 100, and Acc 100% with the feature extraction using daubechies wavelet as compared to other classifiers. This gives an intellectual diagnosis approach to health care system using signal processing and neural network.
Antibiotic Stewardship Program In Hospital -Principles And Guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for the public health authorities at global level. Review on Hospital data showed higher and varied spectrum of resistance in different levels of health care. There is an urgent need to develop and strengthen antimicrobial policy, standard treatment guidelines, plan for containment of antimicrobial resistance and research related to public health aspects of antimicrobial resistance at hospital level. Antibiotic stewardship is a practice that promote rational use of antibiotic which means prescribing antibiotics only when necessary and, when antibiotics are considered necessary, promoting use of the appropriate agent(s), dose, duration, and route of therapy to optimize clinical outcomes while minimizing the unintended consequences of antibiotic use. This study discusses different principles and guideline for implementation of antibiotic stewardship in the hospital.
Directions of Inquiry in the Study of Refugee Occupational Adjustment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Every year refugees, numbering in the hundreds of thousands, are resettled in host countries far from their homelands. They are fleeing war, threats to their lives, and persecution. Many of these people have suffered in ways beyond our comprehension and have witnessed atrocities we can only begin to imagine. At the start of 2002 there were 12 million refugees worldwide. Most refugees are resettled in urban areas in the United States, Canada, Australia, Norway and Sweden. For the most part, these individuals will find themselves living in cultures and environments dramatically different from anything they have ever known. For example, over the next two years the United States expects to receive 12,000 Somali Bantu refugees, former slaves whose sense of time is based on the rise and fall of the sun, not a clock, and who have never used electricity or a flush toilet. Agencies are in place which generate valuable services for this population but personal needs go far beyond what these agencies are able to provide. Non-governmental agencies support refugees in the initial stages of resettlement providing them with housing, basic medical care, and teaching them such skills as how to get a job, use local currency, travel on public transportation and how to cook using locally available food. These efforts only scratch the surface of their needs. Little attention is given to the psychosocial impact of displacement and the impact that trauma can have on performance of occupational roles. How can we apply our skills to assist in the occupational adjustment of this population? What directions of inquiry should we pursue to better understand their issues? Theories regarding sense of place, transformation of "space" into "place", the role of place in constructing identity, meaning making, adaptation, loss of trust at personal and institutional levels, and refugeeness as a process of becoming can all be employed to help us be more sensitive to the broad array of issues facing this population. Participants will be encouraged to share their views regarding the relevance of theoretical contructs toward an effort to create services designed to facilitate occupational adaptation.
Medium-Pressure Township Gas Distribution System Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The paper discusses the implementation and the design concept with respect to the so termed Medium Pressure Township Gas Distribution System for providing Malaysia's townships gas distribution facilities which include means of residential and small commercial uses only. The implementation of medium pressure which ranged from 1.0 to 15.0 psig. is particularly suitable for Malaysia's environment, in which, the service area to be covered is large in size, but the gas consumption rate is relatively small. The application of medium pressure ensured the regular supply of gas to all customers at right pressure and achieve a reduction in investment costs. Significances of applying medium pressure and procedures of designing Medium Pressure Township Gas Distribution System are presented in the paper. Hardy Cross Network Analysis Method, which is used in the modeling of gas distribution system also being discussed in the paper.
Fungating anorectal carcinoma causing urinary retention.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Large fungating tumors of the anorectum are rare and most reported series are of primary anal carcinoma with squamous cell histology. These are more common in homosexuals and may be related to the human papilloma virus.(1) The extensive nature of the disease causing urethral obstruction has never been reported to the best of our knowledge. Aggressive surgical resection with local myocutaneous flaps may provide effective palliation in such locally advanced malignant perineal disease.(2)
Applying Genomics for Personalized Nutrition in Clinical Practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of genetic variation in influencing an individual’s response to diet and nutritional interventions is being increasingly recognized in nutrition research and practice. Discoveries in the field of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics have paved the way for personalized nutrition by enabling us to tailor dietary recommendations to an individual’s genotype. This level of personalization is expected to hold great benefit by better aligning dietary recommendations with an individual’s requirements and potentially motivating favorable dietary changes that impact chronic disease risk. In this review, we discuss key findings in the field of nutritional genomics, issues surrounding genetic testing for personalized nutrition, and the role health care providers will play in delivering the science to individuals.
The Effects of Mental Imagery and Cardiac Coherence on Mental Skills of Tunisian Karate Players at School Age

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of our research consisted in checking the influence of the mental coaching using the mental imagery and relaxation based on cardiac coherence, on the improvement of the cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions of the Tunisian karate Elite at school age. Our study was about to check if the Tunisian karate Elite at school age who had undergone a mental coaching has a better mental profile than their counterparts of other sporting disciplines and karate players with usual training method. Our sample consisted on an experimental group (N = 24 athletes) and control group (N = 22 athletes), all aged from 16 to 19 years. The experimental group followed for 10 months a psychological and mental coaching. The control group continued to train normally for the same period of time. To assess the mental skills of the participants, we used the OMSAT-3 (Guelmami et al., 2014). Our study showed that a 10 month mental coaching was needed to improve 4 mental skills, i.e. “goal setting” “relaxation”, “imagery” and “mental practices”. Our findings sustained the importance of a three-dimensional mental coaching in relation to one basic skill (goal setting), a psychosomatic skill (relaxation) and two cognitive skills (imagery and mental practice).
Antiandrogenic medication of cluster headache.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effectiveness of cyproterone acetate, a synthetic steroid with antiandrogenic action, was tested in 40 (young, adult) males, suffering from episodic (29) and chronic (11) cluster headache. Previously a minority (15) cases had been unsuccessfully treated with lithium, the conventional therapy of this condition. The rationale for an antiandrogenic treatment in cluster headache was based on its well-known clinical characteristics: 1) about 90% male sex preference; 2) rarity of clinical manifestations in childhood and in old age as well as women, e.g. in subjects with low androgenic secretion if compared to young adult males; 3) altered levels (increased or reduced, according to different authors) of plasma testosterone. The parameters to evaluate the effects of treatment were those conventional ones: intensity, duration and frequency of attacks. Antiandrogenic treatment improved, with few exceptions, by a slight, moderate or large extent, the course of cluster headache in all patients. The efficaciousness was mainly evident in those cases (15) of episodic or chronic cluster headache, previously resistant to lithium.