jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Present and Future Geographical Distribution Potential of Dipteronia dyeriana, a Critically Endangered Species from China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Climate change will have various impacts on the survival and development of species, and it is important to explore whether plants can adapt to future climate conditions. Dipteronia dyeriana is an endangered species with a narrow distribution in Yunnan, characterized by a small population size. However, studies on its current distribution and the impact of climate change on its future survival and distribution are very limited. In this study, the current and future (2050 and 2090) potential habitats under the SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios were predicted using both maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and random forest (RF) models based on the current range points of D. dyeriana, soil, topographical, land cover, and climate data. The results showed that the RF model demonstrated significantly higher AUC, TSS, and Kappa scores than the MaxEnt model, suggesting high accuracy of the RF model. Isothermality (bio_3), minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio_6), and annual precipitation (bio_12) are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of D. dyeriana. At present, the high suitability area of D. dyeriana is mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Yunnan Province and part of southern Tibet, covering an area of 3.53 × 104 km2. Under future climate change scenarios, the total area suitable for D. dyeriana is expected to increase. Although, the highly suitable area has a tendency to decrease. With regards to land use, more than 77.53% of the suitable land area (29.67 × 104 km2) could be used for D. dyeriana planting under different SSP scenarios. In 2090, the centroid shifts of the two models exhibit a consistent trend. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the centroids transfer to the southeast. However, under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the centroids of high suitability areas migrate toward the northwest. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of the influence of climate change on the geographic range of D. dyeriana and provides essential theoretical backing for efforts in its conservation and cultivation.
Common Factors Governing VDAX Movements and the Maximum Loss

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on daily VDAX data this paper analyzes the factors governing the movements of implied volatilities of options on the German stock index DAX. Using Principal Components Analysis over the sample period from 1996 to 1997, we derive common factors representing "shift" and "curvature" of the term structure of "at the money" DAX options. We present a risk management tool for options portfolios using the "Maximum Loss" methodology based on Principal Components.
A single feed dual-band (2.4 GHz/5 GHz) miniaturized patch antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A single feed dual-band miniaturized microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) communications has been proposed. The outer rectangular loop patch and inner modified E-shaped patch were used to resonate at 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively. In order to separate the effect between two frequency bands, a shorting pin was set between two resonance cells. The simulated results show that it can operate at 2.4 and 5 GHz bands with 0.072 GHz (2.407–2.479 GHz) and 0.715 GHz (5.137–5.853 GHz) fractional bandwidth, respectively, which can cover the whole frequency band of WLAN. In addition, the antenna is miniaturized by 31% compared to the conventional rectangular patch without a slot. At last, the proposed microstrip patch antenna has been fabricated and measured for both impedance matching and radiation patterns. A comparison of the measurement and simulation results is given, which show reasonable good agreement.
Supplementary Material for: Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Current therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may be viable alternatives. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for AD treatment. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Web of Science, Global Resource of Eczema Trials database, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 1, 2020. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing JAK inhibitors with placebo/vehicle treatment for AD patients were included. The primary study outcomes included (1) the change (%) from the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) baseline expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and (2) the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) response and safety outcomes expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. Results: We included 14 RCTs published in 13 studies (3,822 patients). Treatment with JAK inhibitors significantly improved IGA response (RR 2.83, 95% CI 2.25–3.56, p < 0.001) and EASI score (WMD –28.82, 95% CI –34.48 to −23.16, p < 0.001). JAK inhibitor treatment achieved the largest improvement in both IGA response (RR 3.59, 95% CI 2.66–4.84, p < 0.001) and EASI score (WMD –42.00, 95% CI –48.64 to −35.36, p < 0.001) by week 4 of treatment. Topical JAK inhibitors were significantly more efficacious than oral inhibitors. Upadacitinib treatment for 4 weeks was most effective in reducing EASI score (WMD –53.92, 95% CI –69.26 to −38.58, p < 0.001), while abrocitinib for 4 weeks led to the most effective IGA response (RR 5.47, 95% CI 2.74–10.93, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation; however, JAK inhibitors use, especially abrocitinib, led to a higher incidence of treatment-emergent AEs (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10–1.42, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our results imply that JAK inhibitors are an effective and safe AD treatment. Nevertheless, further trials with longer duration and head-to-head comparisons of different JAK inhibitors are needed.
Dynamical R-parity violations from exotic instantons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show how R-parity can be dynamically broken by non-perturbative quantum gravity effects. In particular, in D-brane models, Exotic instantons provide a simple and calculable mechanism for the generation of R-parity violating bilinear, trilinear and higher order superpotential terms. We show examples of MSSM-like D-brane models, in which one Exotic Instanton induces only one term among the possible R-parity violating superpotentials. Naturally, the idea can be generalized for other gauge groups. As a consequence, a dynamical violation of R-parity does not necessarily destabilize the proton, i.e. a strong fine tuning is naturally avoided, in our case. For example, a Lepton violating superpotential term can be generated without generating Baryon violating terms, and viceversa. This has strong implications in phenomenology: neutrino, neutron-antineutron, electric dipole moments, dark matter and LHC physics.
IDDF2018-ABS-0118 Congenital pancreatic beta cells disorder – two contrasting cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Beta cells are unique cells in the pancreas that produce, store and release insulin. Here, we are reporting two contrasting cases, involving these beta cells, where at one end of the spectrum there is decrease insulin production, while on the other hand there is excessive insulin production.

Methods

Case 1: A 14 day old term male child, large for gestational age (birth weight- 4.5 kg) presented with recurrent hypoglycaemia. On examination, the child was lethargic and hypoglycemic. The child was started on intravenous fluids. With the urine ketones being negative a critical sample was drawn at the time of hypoglycemia (RBS- 30 mg), which revealed insulin levels of 19.70 uIU/ml, cortisol levels of 11.08 ug/dl hGH levels of 12.90. With inappropriately high insulin and insulin (uIU/ml): glucose (mg/dl) ratio of 0.6 the child was diagnosed with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHIH). DOTA NOC PET CT scan showed mild diffuse DOTA NOC uptake in the pancreas more in the tail region of the pancreas ?nesidioblastosis. The child was started on diazoxide, and near total pancreatectomy was done later. Case 2: A 5 month old female child was brought with complaints of multiple episodes of multi-focal tonic clonic seizures for the last 1 day. On routine investigations, patient had persistent hyperglycemia. Other investigations including CSF examination, liver and kidney function tests, skull ultrasound and serum electrolytes were within normal limit. Her C-peptide levels were inappropriately low (<0.30 ng/mL). Blood samples were sent to Royal Devon and Exeter NHS foundation trust, Exeter, UK, for genetic testing. She was found to be homozygous for a novel EIF2AK3 missense mutation, p.R1064Q (c.3191G>A), in exon 17. This mutation has never been reported before, but it affects a highly conserved nucleotide and in silico evidence suggest that it is likely to be pathogenic. This result is consistent with a diagnosis of Wolcott Rallison syndrome. Both the parents were found to be heterozygous.

Results

Two absolutely contrasting cases of beta cell disorders are being described.

Conclusions

Beta cells plays an important role in glucose metabolism in the body, and their defects may produce contrasting clinical conditions.
Advanced Stereo High-Speed PIV in an Annular Cascade without Clearance: Evidences of Rotating Instability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rotating Instability (RI) induces noise, triggers blade vibrations and is a potential indicator for critical operating conditions in axial compressors.Despite numerous studies, the source of RI is not completely understood.The objective of the present study is to give further insight into the basic mechanism of RI by means of advanced Stereo High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) applied to an annular compressor cascade without clearance.In particular, results of the PIV measurements visualize the predominant flow mechanism corresponding to RI.The experiments were conducted at an inflow Mach number of Ma = 0.4.Additional reference sensors captured the time-resolved pressure fluctuations synchronously to the optical measurements.By using correlation techniques between the PIV flow field and the reference sensor data, discrete vortex structures corresponding to the RI modes could be identified and localized.As a verification of the PIV results, the steady PIV flow velocity vectors are compared to results from an oil flow visualization technique.Overall, the present investigations point out that the general flow mechanism of RI is similar in compressor cascades with and without tip clearance.
Decomposition-learning-based thick-mask model for partially coherent lithography system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The simulation of thick-mask diffraction near-field (DNF) is an indispensable process in aerial image calculation of immersion lithography. In practical lithography tools, the partially coherent illumination (PCI) is applied since it can improve the pattern fidelity. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely simulate the DNFs under PCI. In this paper, a learning-based thick-mask model proposed in our previous work is extended from the coherent illumination condition to PCI condition. The training library of DNF under oblique illumination is established based on the rigorous electromagnetic field (EMF) simulator. The simulation accuracy of the proposed model is also analyzed based on the mask patterns with different critical dimensions (CD). The proposed thick-mask model is shown to obtain high-precise DNF simulation results under PCI, and thus is suitable for 14 nm or larger technology nodes. Meanwhile, the computational efficiency of the proposed model is improved up to two orders of magnitude compared to the EMF simulator.
Differential Abilities of Chicken Pit1 Isoforms to Regulate the GH Promoter: Evidence for Synergistic Activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pit1, pituitary-specific transcription factor 1, regulates differentiation of cells of the Pit1 lineage in the anterior pituitary and the synthesis of peptide hormones by these cell types, including GH. Pit1 is characterized by an N-terminal transactivation domain and a C-terminal POU domain. Alternative forms of Pit1, differing from each other in the N-terminal domain, have been reported in several species, but the functional implication of having multiple isoforms is not known. Several PIT1 mRNA transcripts exist in chickens that have not been characterized. This study was conducted to determine which, if any, of the chicken Pit1 isoforms regulate the chicken GH (cGH) promoter. During the course of this work, Pit1β2, a novel isoform of chicken Pit1, was discovered. Effects of known and novel isoforms (Pit1α, Pit1β1, Pit1β2, and Pit1γ) on cGH promoter activity were characterized in chicken Leghorn male hepatoma cells. Three of the isoforms, Pit1α, Pit1β1, and Pit1β2, activated the cGH promoter, whereas Pit1γ did not. Results from gel-shift assays indicated that Pit1γ does not bind to the proximal Pit1-bindng site of the cGH promoter, suggesting a possible mechanism underlying its inactivity. We found a functional advantage for having multiple isoforms expressed. When Pit1β1 was coexpressed with Pit1α or Pit1β2, significantly greater activation of the cGH promoter occurred than with any one isoform alone, with synergistic activation occurring when Pit1α and Pit1β1 were coexpressed. Whether this increased activation required, or was facilitated by, heterodimerization of two isoforms is not known. Identification of isoforms with specific functions will facilitate identification of their respective interacting partners that are essential for GH gene expression.
"'Earning a Heritage: Prohaska's 'Croato-Serbian Literature in Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Beginnings in the 9th to the National Revival in the 19th C.'"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bilo da su Prohaskinu Hrvatsko-srpsku književnost u Bosni i Hercegovini gotovo odmah po objavljivanju ocjenjivali neimenovani ili oni vrlo poznati, ta je rasprava, kao i piscev europski građanski svjetonazor, strossmayerovsko hrvatstvo ili ilirsko sveslavenstvo i mnogo toga jos nedovoljno istraženoga u njegovu radu, iznovice podijelila i književnopovijesno-ocjenjivacku i (opce)citateljsku javnost na vatrene zagovornike i nemali broj osporavatelja.
Stakeholder Agency Relationships: CEO Stock Options and Corporate Tax Avoidance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Infusing stakeholder agency theory with insights from behavioural agency theory, we describe a frame‐dependent relationship between CEO stock option incentives and tax avoidance. Our theoretical framework highlights the role of competing shareholder demands in providing a salient reference point for a CEO contemplating the implications of tax avoidance for their stock option wealth. In a study of 2,573 publicly listed U.S. firms between 1993 and 2014, we show that the implications of CEO stock option incentives are contingent on whether the firm’s effective tax rate is anticipated to be below or above the tax rate of peer firms – an outcome that the CEO can cast as balancing stakeholder demands. Consistent with our theoretical reasoning, we also show that, both above and below this reference point, the implications of option incentives for corporate tax avoidance are amplified by the level of activist institutional ownership and attenuated by the CEO’s ability to unwind their bond with shareholders through hedging. In doing so, our study offers an impetus for a broader stakeholder approach to governance research examining CEO incentive alignment.
Supervisor developmental feedback and employees' proactive innovation behavior

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We applied conservation of resources theory to analyze how and when supervisor developmental feedback affects employees' proactive innovation behavior. Using a three-wave online questionnaire, we collected data from 298 full-time employees in central China. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that supervisor developmental feedback was positively related to employees' proactive innovation behavior, and emotional exhaustion played a mediating role in this relationship. Additionally, growth need strength moderated the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employees' emotional exhaustion. The findings contribute to research on the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employees' proactive innovation behavior, and have practical managerial implications for organizations seeking to boost employee innovation.
The Effect of Strategic Surveillance Radar in Reducing Strategic Drift Analytical Research of the Opinions of a Sample of Workers in Private Universities in the Holy Karbala Governorate

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research seeks to determine the effect of Strategic Surveillance Radar based on (Khalil, 2019) in reducing Strategic drift based on (Hussein & Abdul Hassan, 2020). Private universities in Karbala governorate-Iraq chosen as a field for research through a questionnaire that included (75) members of the research community, represented by deans, their assistants, and department heads. Some descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis used. A set of recommendations submitted to guide them in limiting Strategic drift through adopting Strategic Surveillance Radar.
Effects of Sport-Based Exercise Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exercise programs of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have been shown to improve the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects of sports-based exercise programs on cognitive performance, particularly executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sports-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted between 1 March and 1 July 2022, to look for published scientific evidence that analyzed different sports programs that may have affected executive function in healthy older adults. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on healthy older adults, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of nine studies with a total of 398 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. In terms of working memory, a small but positive significant effect was noted for the intervention group compared to the control group (effect size (ES) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.67; p = 0.029; I2 = 36.7%); in terms of inhibition, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.20, 95% CI = −0.42–0.84; p = 0.517; I2 = 78.8%); and in terms of cognitive flexibility, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.39, 95% CI = −0.11–0.89; p = 0.131; I2 = 75.5%). Our findings suggest that healthy older adults should be encouraged to participate in sports to improve their working memory; however, more studies are required in this area to reach more robust conclusions. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42022284788).
Intercropping of Pulses with Rainfed Rice At South Coastal Orissa, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Intercropping of Pulses with Rainfed Rice At South Coastal Orissa, India' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Tailor‐Made Gold Nanomaterials for Applications in Soft Bioelectronics and Optoelectronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In modern nanoscience and nanotechnology, gold nanomaterials are indispensable building blocks that have demonstrated a plethora of applications in catalysis, biology, bioelectronics, and optoelectronics. Gold nanomaterials possess many appealing material properties, such as facile control over their size/shape and surface functionality, intrinsic chemical inertness yet with high biocompatibility, adjustable localized surface plasmon resonances, tunable conductivity, wide electrochemical window, etc. Such material attributes have been recently utilized for designing and fabricating soft bioelectronics and optoelectronics. This motivates to give a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. The discussion of representative tailor‐made gold nanomaterials, including gold nanocrystals, ultrathin gold nanowires, vertically aligned gold nanowires, hard template‐assisted gold nanowires/gold nanotubes, bimetallic/trimetallic gold nanowires, gold nanomeshes, and gold nanosheets, is begun. This is followed by the description of various fabrication methodologies for state‐of‐the‐art applications such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophysiological devices, energy‐storage devices, energy‐harvesting devices, optoelectronics, and others. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Binary Discriminant Analysis for Face Template Protection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biometric cryptosystem (BC) is a very secure approach for template protection because the stored template is encrypted. The key issues in BC approach include(i) limited capability in handling intra-class variations and (ii) binary input is required. To overcome these problems, this paper adopts the concept of discriminative analysis and develops a new binary discriminant analysis (BDA) method to convert a real valued template to a binary template. Experimental results on CMU-PIE and FRGC face databases show that the proposed BDA method outperforms existing template binarization schemes.
Chapter 16. Endocrine Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship between endocrine disturbances and psychiatric symptomatology has been recognized for centuries. Indeed, it was these clinical observations and early controlled studies that spawned the now established field of psychoneuroendocrinology. The epidemiology and phenomenology of psychiatric syndromes in the most common endocrine disorders are reviewed as they occur in this chapter. Underlying pathophysiology is discussed when there are data available, but overall data are sparse. The cardinal signs and symptoms of each disorder are presented together with the psychiatric findings to assist clinicians in reviewing the context in which the psychiatric symptoms manifest.