jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quality Characteristics of Fresh-cut Lotus Roots According to the Temperature of the Wash Water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구는 신선편이 연근의 열처리에 대한 품질 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 산지에서 구입한 연근을 수돗물로 표면과 아물질 등을 제거하고, 박피 및 절단한 후 30, 55, $80^{\circ}C$에서 45초간 열처리한 후 PE 필름으로 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였다. 중량 감모율, 표면색도, 일반세균, 관능검사 등을 통하여 품질을 분석하였으며 중량 감모율은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하였고, 열처리를 한 경우 증가폭이 낮았다. $80^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 연근의 L값은 가장 변화가 크게 나타났고, $55^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 연근의 갈변이 다소 지연되는 경향을 보였다. 저장 중 연근의 미생물수는 열처리하지 않은 대조구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 열처리한 연근은 미생물 제어에 효과적이었으며 특히, $80^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 연근은 미생물 억제에 가장 효과적이었다. 그러나 $80^{\circ}C$ 열처리는 표면 갈변이 가장 심하였으므로 균수 제어와 갈변억제에 효과적이며 관능평가에서도 가장 높은 점수를 나타낸 $55^{\circ}C$ 열처리하는 것이 효과적이라 사료된다. This study investigated the changes in the quality of fresh-cut lotus roots that were treated with hot water. Lotus roots were purchased from Daegu, Korea. They were washed, peeled, and cut into lcm-thick slices with a ceramic knife. The peeled and sliced lotus roots were dipped for 45 sec in water at 30, 55, and $80^{\circ}C$. After they were air-dried at room temperature, the slices were packed in polyethylene films and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 d. Then the changes in the weight loss, color, total viable cell, and sensory characteristics were measured. Generally, the weight loss of the lotus roots that were treated with hot water slightly increased. The application of the heat treatment delayed the browning of the lotus roots, especially the treatment with $55^{\circ}C$ hot water. The L and a values of the lotus roots that were treated with $80^{\circ}C$ hot water significantly increased during their storage, though. The heat treatment effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms. The organoleptic quality of the lotus roots that were treated with $55^{\circ}C$ hot water was the best.
Candidate Taste Receptors in Drosophila

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of taste perception in animals, particularly the initial events of taste signaling. A large and diverse family of seven transmembrane domain proteins was identified from the Drosophila genome database with a computer algorithm that identifies proteins on the basis of structure. Eighteen of 19 genes examined were expressed in the Drosophila labellum, a gustatory organ of the proboscis. Expression was not detected in a variety of other tissues. The genes were not expressed in the labellum of a Drosophila mutant, pox-neuro 70 , in which taste neurons are eliminated. Tissue specificity of expression of these genes, along with their structural similarity, supports the possibility that the family encodes a large and divergent family of taste receptors.
Optimum Number of Crews

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Experience curve theory is used to determine the time and manpower requirements to construct labor intensive projects. In essence, according to this theory, one man working 100 hr is more productive than 100 men working 1 hr or any other analogously paired data. This leads to the conclusion that an extended construction timetable may be economical. However, as the duration of a project increases, so does the cost of job overheads that are time-dependent. This leads to the contrary conclusion that a contracted timetable is preferred. These two contending circumstances are formulated, related mathematically, and then solved to find the optimum manpower and the optimum construction time that minimizes costs. Several graphs are included that mechanize the solution. An illustrative example ties theory to practice. This paper is a continuation of another by the same writers.
An Analysis on the Concept and Measuring Activities of the Height of Figures in Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

초등학교 수학 교과서에 제시된 도형의 높이 개념과 측정 활동은 관련 도형의 넓이와 부피를 구하는데 필수적이다. 교과서에서 평면 도형의 높이에서 삼각형은 밑변과 마주보는 꼭짓점에서 밑변에 수직으로 그은 선분, 평행사변형과 사다리꼴은 두 밑변 사이의 거리로 서술되었다. 또한 입체 도형의 높이에서 각기둥은 두 밑면 사이의 거리, 각뿔은 꼭짓점에서 밑면에 수직인 선분, 원뿔은 꼭짓점에서 밑면에 수직인 선분의 길이, 원기둥은 두 밑면에 수직인 선분의 길이로 서술되었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 높이 개념과 측정 활동에서 나타나는 문제점을 분석하여 방안을 제시하고, 이를 바탕으로 수학 교수 학습에서의 시사점을 도출하였다. The concept and measuring activities of the height of figures are essential to find the areas or volumes of the corresponding figures. For plane figures, the height of a triangle is defined to be the line segment from a vertex that is perpendicular to the opposite side of the triangle, whereas the height of a parallelogram(trapezoid) is defined to be the distance between two parallel sides. For the solid figures, the height of a prism is defined to be the distance of two parallel bases, whereas the height of a pyramid is defined to be the perpendicular distance from the apex to the base. In addition, the height of a cone is defined to be the length of the line segment from the apex that is perpendicular to the base and the height of a cylinder is defined to be the length of the line segment that is perpendicular to two parallel bases. In this study, we discuss some pedagogical problems on the concepts and measuring activities of the height of figures to provide alternative activities and suggest their educational implications from a teaching and learning point of view.
Static Shear and Liquefaction Potential

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cyclic loading triaxial tests on isotropically consolidated samples or cyclic simple shear tests on one-dimensionally consolidated samples are commonly performed to assess the liquefaction potential of cohesionless soils. These tests are designed to simulate field conditions in which, prior to an earthquake, there are no initial shear stresses acting on the planes which will be subjected to cyclic shear stresses by the earthquake loading.
Improvements in CEGRN station monitoring and in the CEGRN velocity field

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

GPS observations are still influenced by a whole amount of effects, as for example multiple reflections, ionosphere etc., which have an impact on the accuracy of the observables even on carefully selected sites. Up to now these effects can not be mitigated or modelled satisfactorily. Hence the monitoring of these station specific effects is mandatory in order to judge about data quality and derive weighting or deletion schemes for optimal parameter estimation. Within the tasks of the work package 4 of the second Central Europe Geodynamics Project (CERGOP-2), a software tool was developed to monitor the continuously operating reference stations of the network. The development was carried out using C++ libraries available for the most common operating systems. Here we describe the basic features of this package and give an overview of its present status. Furthermore the update of CEGRN 2005 combination solution is described and the related velocity estimation 1994 to 2005 is presented.
Consistency between Infrastructure Rating Systems in Measuring Sustainability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To date, several transportation sustainability rating systems (TSRS) have been developed to measure and promote sustainability. However, studies show that these TSRS have not been developed with a consistent sustainability scope. This raises the question of the consistency of these TSRS in measuring the sustainability of transportation projects. This study assesses how three prominent TSRS (Envision, INVEST, and GreenLITES) rate the sustainability performance of transportation projects with the goal of determining if a consistency exists in the way these three TSRS measure sustainability. These three TSRS are applied to five transportation projects. The results showed that these three rating tools assess and reward sustainability practices differently. Additionally, results suggest that it may be easier for a project to get awarded in GreenLITES compared to the other two TSRS. Notwithstanding all of the above, a consistency was noted in all three rating systems in the quality of life/social performance of projects. This study helps to inform stakeholders in the transportation industry on how transportation projects perform when run through each of these rating systems. This will help stakeholders to make informed decisions with respect to choosing one (or more) TSRS to assess their projects with and evaluating the results obtained from such TSRS.
Everolimus in Combination with Octreotide Long-Acting Repeatable in a First-Line Setting for Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors: A 5-Year Update

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> We previously presented data of this multicentric, phase II study showing that everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) for advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), in the first line setting, is an active and safe treatment. We now present updated data at 5 years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with advanced well-differentiated, previously untreated neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic tract and of the lung received octreotide LAR 30 mg plus everolimus 10 mg/day. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). We performed an analysis of “long responder” patients and of time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifty patients were enrolled; the primary tumor site was: pancreas (14 patients), lung (11 patients), ileum (9 patients), jejunum/duodenum (2 patients), and unknown (14 patients). Seventeen (34%) of these patients have received treatment for more than 2 years. The median exposure to study drugs was 519.5 days (range 48-2,024). Currently 3 patients are still in treatment. The ORR (partial response + complete response) was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4-28.6): complete response 1 patient (2%), partial response 8 patients (16%), stable disease 37 patients (74%). The median TTP was 33.6 months (95% CI 18.7-41.2) and the median OS was 61.0 months (95% CI 49.8-not reached). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this update of clinical outcome at 5-year follow-up, everolimus plus octreotide has been shown to be active in advanced NENs. The current analysis showed a further prolongation of TTP and a long exposure to the study drug without major side effects in the long term.
P06.15 * LONG TERM QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AFTER MENINGIOMA SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Surgery is usually the standard treatment for intracranial meningiomas in patients of all ages. The incidence of meningiomas increases progressively with age. Considering the fact, that the median age for the diagnosis of meningiomas is 65 years, general health condition, morbidity and mortality rates as well as the postoperative outcome regarding quality of life should carefully be noted in advance. It remains still a controversial topic, if meningioma resection should be performed in higher ages under weighing up the risks and benefits of the intervention. There have actually been only few studies which have investigated the health related quality of life in the postoperative course. The results of these studies are yet controversial and there is a need for further investigations regarding the postoperative health related long term quality of life. Furthermore to this point of time there have been no studies that compare the impairments of the HRQOL after meningioma resection in different age groups. METHODS: We analyzed the health related quality of life of 133 elderly patients ranging from 55 to 84 years who underwent surgical meningioma resection between 2004 and 2010. 50 of them were male and 83 female (3M: 5F). The median age was 67.3 Â± 7.4 years. The average time between surgery and interview was 3.8 Â± 2.5 years. Six different age groups each compromising 5 years of age were established. Patients were interviewed with the SF36 questionnaire and compared to general population. RESULTS: We found significant lower levels of physical function, vitality, social role function, mental health, general health perception and significant higher levels of pain when comparing the older groups (especially from 75 to 79 years) with younger patients from 55 to 59 years of age. The physical component summary showed a steadily and stepwise decline of levels from younger patients to older patients even with significant differences. CONCLUSION: In total, former studies have shown that meningioma surgery in elderly patients can be performed under higher but acceptable morbidity and mortality rates compared to younger patients. However, our findings suggest that meningioma resection affects long term quality of life especially in higher ages and should be a substantial part of the surgery decision making process in advance.
Appraisal of anti-gout potential of colchicine-loaded chitosan nanoparticle gel in uric acid-induced gout animal model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Present study is aimed at transdermal delivery of colchicine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoformulations were prepared utilising spontaneous emulsification method and optimised through 23 factorial designs. The optimised formulation (CHNP-OPT) displayed an average particle size of 294 ± 3.75 nm, entrapment efficiency 92.89 ± 1.1% and drug content 83.45 ± 2.5%, respectively. In vitro release study demonstrated 89.34 ± 2.90% release over a period of 24 h. Further, CHNP-OPT incorporated into HPMC-E4M (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) to form transdermal gel. CHNPgel displayed 74.65 ± 1.90% permeation and stability over a period of 90 days. The anti-gout potential of CHNPgel formulation was evaluated in vivo against monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced gout in animal model. There was significant reduction in uric acid level, during MSU administration, when compared with the conventional gel of colchicine. The enhanced therapeutic potential was witnessed through X-ray. The study revealed that colchicine-loaded CHNPgel proved their supremacy over plain colchicine and can be an efficient delivery system for gout treatment.
EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF EXECUTION INFORMATION-SEARCH ACTIVITY OF A FUTURE BACHELOR IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article considers information-search activity of a future bachelor as a special kind of educational and professional activity, definition was explicated, structural components and results were specified. Levels of the execution information-search activity were distinguished, a grading scale and questionnaire were designed based on their. The results of the study of this activity type were distinguished, showing the spontaneity of its execution in the educational process that, according to the authors, is a prerequisite for the need to assist students in organi-zing these type of activity.
Free Papers Compiled

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder is an episodic psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of mania and hypomania. Presentation of bipolar disorder differs in women as compared to men, due to frequent occurrence of comorbidities like migraine, thyroid disorders, polycystic ovarian syndrome, etc. Migraine is one of the most disabling primary headaches and is more commonly seen in women with bipolar disorder. Women with migraine also tend to have more frequent mood episodes and greater psychosocial impairment. There are limited studies conducted on migraine and bipolar disorder in women in India. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the co-occurrence of Migraine in women with Bipolar Affective Disorder METHODOLOGY: Women with Bipolar Affective Disorder, who visited the Psychiatry Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India, were evaluated for the presence of migraine headache using the International Headache Society criteria for diagnosis. RESULTS: Out of 80 subjects, 40% (N = 32) women with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) were also suffering from Migraine. 38.2% (N = 13) women with Type 1 BPAD had migraine; while 61.7% (N = 21) women with Type 2 BPAD had migraine. CONCLUSION: Migraine is a frequent complaint in women with bipolar disorder. It was more commonly seen in women with BPAD type 2. As the presence of migraine affects course and treatment response in women with bipolar disorder, it emphasizes on the importance of detailed evaluation and further research in the area.
317.2: Immune Profiling of Migrating and Graft-Associated γδ T Cells After Human Intestinal Transplantation Reveals Unique Innate and Adaptive Features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Innate- and adaptive-like features of human γδ T cells are associated with different T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires, defined as Vγ9+δ2+ and non-Vγ9δ2, respectively. Immune repertoires can be shaped by tissue compartmentalization, age and history of antigen exposure. Despite comprising a significant portion of lymphocytes residing in many organs, including gut, the role of γδ T cells in transplantation outcomes is unclear. Methods: Serial biopsies from intestinal transplantation (ITx) recipients allow us to investigate the turnover dynamics of intragraft γδ T cells in the presence and absence of rejection, providing a unique opportunity to study the fundamental biology of human γδ T cells. Clonal tracking of γδ T cells in intestinal grafts, peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) at both pre- and post-Tx time points provides a deeper understanding of their tissue origin, migration pattern and phenotypic maturation. Integrated iRepertoire (γδ T cell primer sets) and 10x Genomics (5’cDNA library) platforms were applied to relate functional gene profiles within individual γδ T cell clonotypes. Results: We previously demonstrated that donor T cell macrochimerism (peak level ≥4% in blood) is associated with less rejection. We now show that high levels (>10%) of γδ T cell blood chimerism were only observed in patients with macrochimerism. Remarkably, donor γδ T cells were detected in recipient BM 105–357 days post-Tx. Single-cell profiling of BM-infiltrating donor γδ T cells revealed both Vδ1- and Vδ2-dominant clonotypes with cytotoxic effector phenotypes that might contribute to graft-vs-host responses. In one multivisceral Tx patient, the top dominant donor γδ TCR clone (Vγ8Vδ1) detectable during the peak T cell chimerism in blood (8–20 days post-Tx) was also predominantly present in the recipient BM 126 days post-Tx, with clear cytotoxic profiles (GZMB/PRF1/GNLY) but reduced proliferation (MKI67) and BM-homing (CXCR4) features. BM-infiltrating donor Vδ2 clonotypes tended to be more “public” and were shared by three pediatric patient post-Tx BM specimens and pre-Tx repertoires across pediatric donors and tissues. Many of these Vδ2 clones are Vγ9δ2 with zero N-additions that likely originate from fetal liver and cord blood. However, these Vδ2-dominant clones were not present in adult lymphoid tissues, gut or BM, suggesting an age-related distribution and migration pattern. In contrast to αβ T cells, the turnover dynamics of γδ T cells in the graft showed a stronger association with donor age than with the status of macrochimerism. Graft-repopulating recipient γδ T cells showed activated effector phenotypes early post-Tx and gradually developed into cytotoxic resident-memory T cells with “private” Vδ1 clonotypes. Conclusions: γδ T cells have the potential to modulate immune responses to influence T cell chimerism locally and systemically. They may participate in host defense and graft rejection after ITx.
COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention Mobile Application for on Campus Classroom

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

COVID-19 pandemic is a novel coronavirus that has not been found in humans before. This virus can be transmitted to other humans primarily through respiratory secretions when an infected person coughs or talks. To avoid human to human transmission of this pandemic, the government extend the state of emergency policies which cause vital damage for many business sections worldwide including educational institution. Many schools decide to let the students learn at home. However, in practical courses such as a chemical workshop, students must come to the laboratory room to perform experiments which may increase the risk of infection. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 between students and staff, anybody entering the school must conduct a risk assessment, measure a body temperature and wear a face mask at all times. Many COVID-19 contact tracing platforms allow users to assess infection risk and notify if they have been exposed to infected persons. Unfortunately, they cannot be used effectively with the on-campus education system. The proposed mobile application was developed to handle the needs of the onsite education system during the ongoing COVID-19 situation in schools. The application contains three main functions which are a COVID-19 self-assessment, a roll-call, and a social distancing function. This paper focused on the roll-call function using face recognition and Global Positioning System (GPS). In a normal situation, the student just opens an application, shows his or her face to a smartphone camera then the application will detect a face part and easily recognize the student's identification. However, in the new normal situation where everyone must wear a mask, it will be a very difficult task to perform face recognition since almost half of the face is hidden. The convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to train a CNN model using a dataset of 18 peoples with non face mask wearing and face mask wearing. The face mask wearing consisted of three different face mask types: Disposable surgical mask (DS), N95 face respirators (N95) and general 3D mask (3D). After that, the model was exported to the proposed mobile application. Experimental results on a realworld dataset show that the proposed model can be used with a high accuracy rate in non face mask samples. In face mask samples, the 3D mask has the highest accuracy rate.
Politics, Patronage, and the Imperial Interest: Charles de Beauharnais’s Disputes with Gilles Hocquart

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The disputes that emerged after 1737 between Charles de Beauharnais and Gilles Hocquart illuminate the degree to which the structure of colonial government, and the spirit which animated the structure, imposed conflict upon the governor and the intendant. Although many of their quarrels reflected competition between Beauharnais and Hocquart and between their respective clients over the distribution and enjoyment of patronage, the root problem was a fundamental disagreement over the priority to be given a number of military expenditures. In face of the deteriorating situation in Indian relations and the growing expectation of another colonial war with Great Britain, Beauharnais inclined to spare no expense to secure peace in the west. While the colony remained small, its interests simple, and its dependence upon imperial defence overwhelming, Canadians and royal officials alike could live with the built-in tensions of its governmental structures.