jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES FROM DIALKYLDITHIOPHOSPHATE AND THIOSEMICARBAZIDE OR THIOSEMICARBAZONES WITH NICKEL(II)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The complexes [Ni{(RO)2PS2}2Tsc], [Ni{(RO)2PS2}2ApTsc], and [Ni{(RO)2PS2}FurTsc.2H2O] where R = methyl (Me), ethyl (Et) or propyl (Prop); Tsc = thiosemicarbazide, ApTsc = 2-acetylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone, and FurTsc = furfuraldhydethiosemicarbazone have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, and spectral studies (IR, UV-Vis, and mass). Thermal studies of the complexes have been carried out using TG and DTG techniques. An octahedral structure has been proposed for all types of the complexes. A representative types of the complexes are tested against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The [Ni{(EtO)2PS2}2ApTsc] shows a high degree of activity against bacteria and fungi; this may be attributed to the pyridyl ring of the 2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazone ligand.
TO STUDY THE HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS OF CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Plasma homocysteine concentration is one of the emerging modifiable risk factor for stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fasting homocysteine levels in different type of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhage). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was a case control study in which fifty patients with the diagnosis of stroke (intracerebral infarct and hemorrhage) were enrolled and fasting serum homocysteine were measured in all and its comparison was done with 25 healthy controls. RESULT: Out of total 50 patients of stroke 41(82%) had intracerebral infarct & 9(18%) had intracerebral hemorrhage. In stroke patients 32(64%) had raised serum homocysteine levels, which was significantly higher than that of control group 2 (8%) (p < 0.001). However there was no significant difference of homocysteine levels between intracerebral infarct 26(63%) and intracerebral hemorrhage 6(66%) (P=0.854). There were no significant relationships of raised serum homocysteine levels with hypertension, diabetes; LDL levels with the above mentioned stroke risk factors except for smoking (33.14±19.02). Two patients had died during hospital stay and one of them had raised serum homocysteine levels (P=0.64). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that hyperhomocysteinaemia seems to be a factor for stroke (both in intracerebral infarct and hemorrhage), in addition to conventional risk factors. No significant difference of serum homocysteine existed between intracerebral infarct and hemorrhage. It is concluded that fasting serum homocysteine levels should be assessed in all patients with first episode of stroke. INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a global health problem and is a leading cause of adult disability. 1 Of 35 million deaths attributable to chronic non communicable diseases that occurred worldwide in 2005, stroke was responsible for 5.7 million (16.6%) deaths, and 87% of these deaths occurred in low- income and middle-income countries.2
Forecasting Road Accidental Deaths in India: An Explicit Comparison between ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The number of deaths due to road accident is increasing day by day and has become an alarming global problem over the decades. India, with her rising motorization is no stranger to this global catastrophe. With the use of statistical methods and models it is possible to predict the future scenario of deaths due to road accidents with the available data. In this paper two relatively simple yet powerful and versatile techniques for forecasting time series data, autoregressive integrated moving average method (ARIMA) and exponential smoothing method are used to forecast the number of deaths due to road accidents in India from the year 2022-31 based on the data available from 1990-2021. The results based on the two methods are compared and it is found that they are in sync with each other and pre-existing literature. Furthermore, this is a unique attempt to use two time series analysis techniques on the same data and carry out a comparative analysis. The data was collected from the 2020 annual report of Ministry of road Transport and Highways, India and ADSI-2021 report of National Crime Record Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, India. After examining all the probable models, it is observed that ARIMA (2,2,2) model and exponential smoothing state space model (M, A, N) are suitable for the given data set. Further, the study also shows that forecasted number of deaths for the upcoming 10 years from the proposed models also reveals an upward trend is described.
Data for "Sperm motility in modulated microchannels"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data for "Sperm motility in modulated microchannels" as published in NJP. Plots are generated by the jupyter notebook sperm_microchannels.ipynb All necessary python packages are specified in requirements.txt SETUP: - use python 2 - pip install -r requirements.txt - jupyter notebook sperm_microchannels.ipynb
Micrometastasis of Genitourinary Cancer to Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A majority of the more frequent tumors can expand through the lymphatic system, affecting progressively an increasing number of lymph nodes (LNs). LN status is among the most important prognostic indicators for the clinical outcome of patients with solid malignancy. With the advent of the application of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept, significant advances have been made but new unanswered questions exist. The finding and understanding of micro- and submicrometastases is an interesting biological phenomenon, which has been investigated and the final result still is far away. Therefore worldwide cooperative study in "micrometastasis" between national and international investigators is necessary for its definitive validation.
Plan B?: Reconsidering Australian Security in the event of a post US alliance era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rise of China combined with a growing “America First” approach to US foreign policy has generated a debate in Australia about the status of the alliance with the United States. This article contributes to this debate by exploring what a Plan B, for Australian security outside the alliance, might look like. It assesses existing scholarship on the subject, highlighting how recent arguments that Australia can “go it alone” are fundamentally flawed as they fail to address requirements to protect the economic and human security of Australians. The article goes on to examine why it is still necessary to consider a Plan B, and what Australia’s core national interests are. It emphasises the importance of protecting the lives and livelihoods of Australians, as opposed to the pure focus on the territorial defence of Australia that has marked out much of the existing literature. This leads the article to conclude that, outside the US alliance, Australia would need to rely on a more holistic concept of security, and less on a military approach. It concludes by putting forward suggestions for how Australia could provide itself with security outside the US alliance, primarily through building resilience and adopting a form of neutrality.
Assessing Attitude towards Christianity among Adolescents in South Africa: The Francis Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To facilitate cross-cultural research in the psychology of religion, a sample of 453 young people from Grades 8, 9,10,11 and 12 attending a secondary school within the provincial education department in South Africa completed the Francis scale of Attitude Towards Christianity. The data provide preliminary evidence that supports the reliability and validity of this instrument, and commend it for further examination across a wider and more representative sample of learners within other ethnic and language groups in South Africa.
Assessing pain in multiple sclerosis: Test–retest reliability of patient-reported outcome measures and accuracy of screening tools

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pain is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). The reliability of outcome measures for pain and the accuracy of screening tools are essential for treatment purposes. Objectives: This study investigated the test–retest reliability of Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), and painDETECT, and the accuracy of DN4 and painDETECT. Methods: 110 persons with MS were included (mean age: 45.35 ± 12.73; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 3 (Interquartile range, IQR: 2.6)). The reliability (internal consistency, test–retest, measurement error) and accuracy (area under the curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) were analyzed. Results: All included pain assessment tools showed good test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC, (95% confidence interval, CI): 0.85 (0.79–0.89)–0.89 (0.84–0.92)) and good-to-excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.73–0.93). The test–retest reliability of NMQ was moderate to substantial (Cohen’s κ = 0.54–0.87). The overall accuracy of DN4 compared to the neurologist’s diagnosis was acceptable (AUC = 0.762), while that of painDETECT was poor (AUC = 0.682) and demonstrated inadequate predictive ability. Conclusion: All pain outcome measures were reliable in patients with MS (pwMS). DN4 can be used to screen neuropathic pain in MS. Clinical trial registry name: Reliability and Validity of Outcome Measures for Pain in MS https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000CRMD&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0006NAA&ts=2&cx=-jzvd6m Registration number: NCT05742152
Error analysis and comparison of Riemann and average fluxes for a spacetime discontinuous Galerkin electromagnetic formulation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a time domain discontinuous Galerkin (TDDG) method for electromagnetics problem that directly discretizes space and time by unstructured grids satisfying a specific causality constraint. This enables a local and asynchronous solution procedure. We show that the numerical method is dissipative, thus ensuring its stability. Numerical results show the convergence rate of 2p + 1 for energy dissipation. We also investigate the choice of Riemann versus average numerical fluxes for noncausal faces and demonstrate that while the more dissipative nature of Riemann fluxes may render it unsuitable for low order elements, it provides a cleaner solution for high order elements.
ℋ∞sliding mode observers for uncertain nonlinear Lipschitz systems with fault estimation synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents a scheme to design robust sliding mode observers(SMO) with ℋ︁ ∞ performance for uncertain nonlinear Lipschitz systems where both faults and disturbances are considered. We study the necessary conditions to achieve insensitivity of the proposed sliding mode observer to the unknown input(fault). The objective is to derive a sufficient condition using linear matrix inequality(LMI) optimization for minimizing the ℋ︁ ∞ gain between the estimation error and disturbances, while at the same time the design method guarantees that the solution of the LMI optimization satisfies the so‐called structural matching condition. The sliding motion affects only a part of the system through a novel reduced‐order sliding mode controller. Furthermore, the so‐called equivalent control concept is discussed for fault estimation. Finally, a numerical example of MCK chaos demonstrates the high performance of the results compared with a pure SMO. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Promises and Challenges of Implementing Evidence-Centered Design in Large-Scale Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The cornerstone of evidence-centered assessment design (ECD) is an evidentiary argument that requires that each target of measurement (e.g., learning goal) for an assessment be expressed as a claim to be made about an examinee that is relevant to the specific purpose and audience(s) for the assessment. The observable evidence required to warrant each claim is also articulated. In turn, the claims and evidence shape the design of assessment opportunities for students to demonstrate what they have learned, whether that opportunity is a classroom activity or a multiple-choice item on a high-stakes assessment. Once identified, the characteristics of these assessment opportunities are referred to as task models, each capable of generating multiple assessment tasks. Taken together, the claims, evidence, and task models constitute the evidentiary argument. The benefits and challenges of implementing ECD in the Advanced Placement Program are addressed.
Online News Discourse of the Chelyabinsk State University Website

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes the discourse of Internet news published on the official website of the Chelyabinsk State University. Internet communication represents an integral part of everyday life, which makes it a relevant research topic. The study involved 300 news articles published between January 29, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The continuous sampling method was used to collect the material, which underwent a statistical analysis. The most frequent topics included students and student life, holidays and events, and science, while sports appeared to be the least frequent topic. Each topic was tested for the most common words and phrases. All groups appeared to have an overlapping vocabulary zone, which included such words as university, student, and CSU.
[Infected bowel syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colonization of the gut by intestinal bacteria begins at birth and progresses rapidly in the immediate postnatal period. Host defense mechanisms that mediate enteric colonization include gastric acidity and intestinal motility. The small bowell overgrowth syndrome is a condition characterized by large numbers of bacteria, often anaerobes, in the upper intestine. Steatorrea, carbohydrate malabsorption and abdominal pain are frequently present. Predisposing conditions are localized anatomic disorders (surgical blind loops, small bowel strictures caused by surgery or Crohn's disease, short-gut syndrome without ileocaecal valve), motility derangements or reduction of gastric acidity. Diagnosis of the overgrowth syndrome is often difficult and quantitative cultures of jejunal-aspirated fluid is the best diagnostic test. Antimicrobial therapy directed against anaerobes is often successful, but the best therapeutic approach is the correction of predisposing conditions, if present.
Causal Links Between Financial Activity and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Cross–Country Analysis, 1970–1990

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

To clarify the causal links between financial activity and economic growth, a series of path models is estimated. It is shown that during the 1970s and 1980s finance was predominantly a supply–leading determinant of economic growth. The data suggest, however, that there has been a structural change and that from about 1975–80, finance was far less beneficial – and possibly even detrimental – to growth.
A Review of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Its Applications in a Wide Variety of Disciplines: From Medical to Remote Sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We look into Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), its prevalent variants and applications in a number of sectors. GANs combine two neural networks that compete against one another using zero-sum game theory, allowing them to create much crisper and discrete outputs. GANs can be used to perform image processing, video generation and prediction, among other computer vision applications. GANs can also be utilised for a variety of science-related activities, including protein engineering, astronomical data processing, remote sensing image dehazing, and crystal structure synthesis. Other notable fields where GANs have made gains include finance, marketing, fashion design, sports, and music. Therefore in this article we provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of GANs in a wide variety of disciplines. We first cover the theory supporting GAN, GAN variants, and the metrics to evaluate GANs. Then we present how GAN and its variants can be applied in twelve domains, ranging from STEM fields, such as astronomy and biology, to business fields, such as marketing and finance, and to arts, such as music. As a result, researchers from other fields may grasp how GANs work and apply them to their own study. To the best of our knowledge, this article provides the most comprehensive survey of GAN’s applications in different field.
Virtual Screening to Identify Novel Antagonists for the G Protein-Coupled NK3Receptor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The NK(3) subtype of tachykinin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that is a potential therapeutic target for several neurological diseases, including schizophrenia. In this study, we have screened compound databases for novel NK(3) receptor antagonists using a virtual screening protocol of similarity analysis. The lead compound for this study was the potent NK(3) antagonist talnetant. Compounds of the quinoline type found in the virtual screen were additionally evaluated in a comparative molecular field analysis model to predict activity a priori to testing in vitro. Selected members of this latter set were tested for their ability to inhibit ligand binding to the NK(3) receptor as well as to inhibit senktide-induced calcium responses in cells expressing the human NK(3) receptor. Two novel compounds were identified that inhibited NK(3) receptor agonist binding, with potencies in the nM range and antagonized NK(3) receptor-mediated increases in intracellular calcium. These results demonstrate the utility of similarity analysis in identifying novel antagonist ligands for neuropeptide receptors.
Understanding Mobility via Deep Multi-Scale Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, mobile devices are generating massive amounts of spatio-temporal trajectory data. This paper aims to propose a method that can automatically mine trajectory data and help people understand mobility of moving objects, thus making people's life more convenient and traffic management easier. Classifying trajectories is an important method to uncover mobility of moving objects so that we can describe the mobility of moving objects under specific spatial and temporal scales. Although there have been some studies on trajectory classification, yet they either require manual feature selection or fail to fully consider the impact of time and space on classification results. Hence, we propose Deep Multi-Scale Learning Model and design a deep neural network to automatically learn features under multi-scale time and space granularities. The obtained features are fused to output final classification results. Our method is based on the DenseNet, and attention mechanism and residual learning. Our model is able to fully capture spatial features so as to enhance feature propagation and capture long-term dependence. Moreover, the number of network structure parameters is also reduced. We have evaluated our Deep Multi-Scale Learning Model on two real datasets. The results show that our model is superior to the current state-of-the-art models in accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score. Furthermore, the classification results from our model can help to understand mobility accurately.
The impact of the Christmas holiday effect on interdialytic weight gain in hemodialysis patients: A multicenter observational retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The 3‐day interdialytic interval (IDI) is associated with high interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), but little is known about the effect of public or religious holidays on IDWG. Consequently, we evaluated the impact of the “Christmas holiday effect” on IDWG of hemodialysis patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adult hemodialysis patients (over 18 years) was conducted across five dialysis units in Australia. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. IDWG was established for three time points; regular 3‐day IDI, 2‐day IDI preceding the Christmas holiday and a 3‐day IDI that included the Christmas holiday. Paired t ‐tests and logistic regression were used to compare differences in mean IDWG before and after the Christmas holiday and to examine factors associated with high IDWG, respectively. Findings Two hundred and fifty‐two patients, 69% of whom were male, with mean (SD) age of 65.4 ± 15.3 years, were studied. Most had end‐stage kidney disease due to diabetes (44%), and they had been on hemodialysis for a median of 25.5 (IQR, 60–10) months. There was a significant increase in absolute IDWG (MD 0.21 kg, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.36; P = 0.004) and relative IDWG (MD 0.3%, 95% CI 0.10‐0.40; P = 0.01) after the holiday 3‐day IDI compared with the regular 3‐day IDI. Older age (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.02‐0.55) and a unit increase in hemoglobin (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89‐0.99) were associated with lower odds of high relative IDWG while speaking a language other than English increased the odds for high relative IDWG (OR 5.03; 95% CI 1.12‐22.65). Conclusion Absolute and relative IDWG increased significantly after the Christmas holiday. Individualizing dialysis needs may improve outcomes for these patients.
Effect of trans Fatty Acid Intake on LC-MS and NMR Plasma Profiles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The consumption of high levels of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) has been related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and sudden cardiac death but the causal mechanisms are not well known. In this study, NMR and LC-MS untargeted metabolomics has been used as an approach to explore the impact of TFA intake on plasma metabolites. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a double-blinded randomized controlled parallel-group study, 52 overweight postmenopausal women received either partially hydrogenated soybean oil, providing 15.7 g/day of TFA (trans18:1) or control oil with mainly oleic acid for 16 weeks. Subsequent to the intervention period, the subjects participated in a 12-week dietary weight loss program. Before and after the TFA intervention and after the weight loss programme, volunteers participated in an oral glucose tolerance test. PLSDA revealed elevated lipid profiles with TFA intake. NMR indicated up-regulated LDL cholesterol levels and unsaturation. LC-MS profiles demonstrated elevated levels of specific polyunsaturated (PUFA) long-chain phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and a sphingomyelin (SM) which were confirmed with a lipidomics based method. Plasma levels of these markers of TFA intake declined to their low baseline levels after the weight loss program for the TFA group and did not fluctuate for the control group. The marker levels were unaffected by OGTT. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates that intake of TFA affects phospholipid metabolism. The preferential integration of trans18:1 into the sn-1 position of PCs, all containing PUFA in the sn-2 position, could be explained by a