jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Natural Vulcanization Accelerators in Hevea Latex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract As numerous investigators have shown, some of the nonrubber components of Hevea latex have a decided accelerating action on the process of vulcanization. A survey of the literature on this subject points to the validity of certain general facts. 1. Among the nonrubber components of latex which have been investigated, certain nitrogenous bases appear to be most important for accelerating the rate of vulcanization. 2. These nitrogen bases apparently occur partly naturally in fresh latex, and partly as the result of putrefaction, heating, and other decomposition processes. 3. The nitrogen bases naturally present in fresh latex at later stages have been identified by Altman to be trigonelline, stachhydrine, betonicine, choline, methylamine, trimethylamine, and ammonia. These bases are markedly active in vulcanization, as will be seen in the section on experimental results. 4. The nitrogenous substances formed by the decomposition processes have only partly been identified, on the one hand as tetra- and pentamethylene diamine and some amino acids, on the other hand as alkaloids, proline, diamino acids, etc. 5. It has been generally accepted that these nitrogenous substances are derived from the proteins of the latex. 6. Decomposition appears to be connected with the formation of a considerable amount of acids. 7. The production of volatile nitrogen bases as a rule accompanies the decomposition processes. These volatile products have not been identified. 8. The active nitrogen bases, either already formed or derived from complex nitrogenous substances, seem to be soluble in water but only slightly soluble in acetone.
Food and Feeding Habits of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, from Drainage Canal Systems in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The food and feeding habits of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, from drainage canal systems in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria, was investigated over a period of 24 months. Fish samples were collected monthly from 15 study sites. A total of 2400 fish stomachs were analyzed using the numerical and frequency of occurrence methods. P. reticulata fed mainly on algae, organic detritus, diatoms, mosquito larvae parts, protozoan, zooplankton and fish parts while algae form the most abundant and important food item, constituting 79.03% of food items by numerical and 33.17% by occurrence of stomachs examined. Amongst the algae, Ulothrix sp. was the most preferred, constituting 33.17% by numerical and 20.82% by occurrence. The least eaten food item was fish parts constituting 4.46% by numerical and 1.19% by occurrence. There was a significant difference (P 0.05) in the number of other food items consumed for both seasons. However, by occurrence method there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in food items consumed for both seasons. The three size classes of P. reticulata exhibited similar food habits with the presence of eight categories of food items in their stomachs. The largest size class ate more of algae, organic detritus and fish parts, followed by the medium size class while the small size class ate less of these food items. The species is an opportunistic benthopelagic omnivores, whose preference for food fluctuates with season, with a peak in diversity of food types occurring in the rainy season.
Outer Space: Weapons, Diplomacy, and Security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this era of globalization, the world is facing a host of challenging security problems --from the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to international terrorism to accelerating climate change to energy security --that cannot be resolved unilaterally, especially through the unilateral use of military force. One key issue that requires urgent global attention is literally out of this world: the military use of outer space. This collection of essays by leading Russian experts analyzes the current military use of outer space.
48 A new course development – european trauma course

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Due to the current financial climate amongst the NHS, HILS realise the need to work towards becoming self-sufficient financially. One way to assist in achieving this goal is by attracting new courses to be developed and delivered at HILS. Lessons learned in how to attract and deliver a successful course will be shared with the intention that it will be a useful resource for both new and existing centres. Courses need to be booked into the planned venue as soon as possible. Due to ETC requiring 4 consecutive days and the whole centre to run, HILS had availability in March 2016 – 12 months into the future. The course and dates were registered for approval with the European Resus Council (ERC), once this was granted the course dates were advertised through the ERC website. Dr Griscti (Co-Director) then began recruiting faculty 12 months prior to the course taking place as 12 faculty members were needed along with a Director, Co-Director and an Educator. The course was then widely advertised following creating a poster for the course. 6 months prior to the course taking place, HILS observed ETC taking place in Birmingham. This was highly beneficial as it helped the team appreciate the scale of the course when planning for it. Knowing the course format allowed the team to plan which stations would run in each room. Issues arose in terms of a lack of equipment available, the team worked hard with to allocate items available within the Trust. Impact Successful course ran March 2016, positive feedback Income generated Next course booked November 2016 ETC has helped HILS attract a hospital trauma course to run within the facility Delegates evaluations (1 = poor 4 = excellent) resulted the first course being all rated 3.6 and above.
RBM3-Regulated Genes Promote DNA Integrity and Affect Clinical Outcome in

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) was initially discovered as a putative cancer biomarker based on its differential expression in various cancer forms in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We previously reported an association between high expression of RBM3 and prolonged survival in breast and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Because the function of RBM3 has not been fully elucidated, the aim of this study was to use gene set enrichment analysis to identify the underlying biologic processes associated with RBM3 expression in a previously analyzed EOC cohort (cohort 1, n = 267). This revealed an association between RBM3 expression and several cellular processes involved in the maintenance of DNA integrity. RBM3-regulated genes were subsequently screened in the HPA to select for putative prognostic markers, and candidate proteins were analyzed in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780, whereby an up-regulation of Chk1, Chk2, and MCM3 was demonstrated in siRBM3-treated cells compared to controls. The prognostic value of these markers was assessed at the messenger RNA level in cohort 1 and the protein level in an independent EOC cohort (cohort 2, n = 154). High expression levels of Chk1, Chk2, and MCM3 were associated with a significantly shorter survival in both cohorts, and phosphorylated Chk2 was an adverse prognostic marker in cohort 2. These results uncover a putative role for RBM3 in DNA damage response, which might, in part, explain its cisplatin-sensitizing properties and good prognostic value in EOC. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Chk1, Chk2, and MCM3 are poor prognostic markers in EOC.
Phase transition in the generalized Fibonacci quantum Ising models

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We prove that quantum Ising models, built on the scheme of generalized Fibonacci chains, undergo a magnetic phase transition whenever the roots of the characteristic equation of the associated substitution rules satisfy the Pisot-Vijayaraghavan (PV) property that only one root in absolute value is greater than one. The proof can be generalized in a straightforward manner to arbitrary two-letter substitution rules. We also conjecture that these models behave as random systems if the mentioned roots fail to satisfy the PV property.
Show-up Identifications: Suggestive Technique or Reliable Method?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are various methods of testing a witness’s ability to identify a perpetrator, such as
mug-shot searches, lineups, and the show-up identification procedure, where a witness is
presented with only one person or photo. The show-up is a commonly used procedure in
the United States. Flowe, Ebbesen, Burke, and Chivabunditt (2001) report that showups were used for 55% of identifications conducted in 488 sampled cases between 1991
and 1995 in a large U.S. metropolitan area. McQuiston and Malpass (2001) documented
a show-up use rate of 30% for identification attempts conducted by police in El Paso
County, Texas. Gonzalez, Ellsworth, and Pembroke (1993) enlisted the help of an IIlinois
detective to record all identifications (lineups and show-ups) in which he was involved
over a designated period of time. Results from this field study indicated that 77% of
identification tasks were show-ups. Thus, although the variance in use of show-ups may
be large, they are used extensively.
CYBERSECURITY: LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT IN LEADING COUNTRIES, NATO AND EU STANDARDS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors have investigated the features of legal support for cybersecurity in some of the leading countries of the world, have established the organizational basis for its support, as well as the main aspects of NATO and the EU's activities and standards in this area.In particular, the essence of the concept of cybersecurity is determined by referring to the views of both foreign scientists and Ukrainian scientists, and fixing this definition in normative documents of international importance (international standard ISO/IEC 27032:2012).Actual strategic goals in the direction of ensuring cybersecurity in countries such as France, the UK, the United States, as well as the settlement of these issues at the legislative level in Ukraine are highlighted.It has been established which state bodies operate in the indicated countries, whose powers include ensuring cybersecurity.Attention is paid to the settlement of cybersecurity and cyber protection issues at the international level, in particular at the EU and NATO levels.Particular attention is paid to NATO standards -TEMPEST.The content of the norms of the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of ensuring cybersecurity and the nature of the priority tasks of the National Cyber Security Coordination Center under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine are disclosed, which are normatively enshrined in the relevant Regulation.The features of the regulatory and organizational support of cybersecurity in some leading countries of the world and in Ukraine are structured.
A phase I/II study of bevacizumab (beva), erlotinib (erl), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with concurrent external beam radiation therapy (RT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4106 Background: The German Rectal Cancer Study Group established neoadjuvant therapy as a standard of care in patients with T3/T4 rectal cancer. Beva, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor with demonstrated activity in colorectal cancer, and erl, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor may both serve as radiation sensitizers. Methods: Twenty one pts with LARC, defined as T3 or T4 disease by MRI or endorectal ultrasound, were enrolled from May 2006-December 2008. Pts had adequate hepatic, renal and hematopoietic function, and an ECOG performance status of ≤2. Treatment consisted of 5-FU 225 mg/M2/day by continuous infusion for the duration of radiation (50.4 Gy). Beva 5 mg/kg was administered on days 1, 15 and 29. The first cohort received erl 50 mg, the second cohort 100 mg, and third cohort 150 mg daily until completion of radiation. Pts underwent surgery 6–9 weeks following the radiation. The primary endpoints were determination of the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and pathologic complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints included toxicity (TOX), local control (LC), progression free survival and median survival. A total of 25 pts will be treated at the MTD. Results: Twenty-one pts began study therapy: 2 withdrew consent prior to completing study therapy, and 2 pts were removed prior to completion for clostridium difficile colitis and cardiac ischemia. No dose limiting toxicities were achieved. Erl 100 mg was chosen as the MTD. Two pts have not yet completed study treatment. Fifteen pts have completed study therapy and have undergone surgery, of whom 7 (47%) have demonstrated a pCR. At a median follow-up of 7 months, there have been no local recurrences in patients who completed study therapy. Grade 3–4 treatment related TOX included: lymphopenia 6 (59%), diarrhea 4 (24%), rash 2(12%), cardiac ischemia 1(6%), transaminitis 1(6%), mucositis 1(6%). One pt developed an anastomotic leak. Conclusions: Beva and erl in combination with infusional 5-FU and RT appears to be a highly active preoperative regimen for locally advanced rectal cancer. [Table: see text]
Market Microstructure and the Ex‐Date Return

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article examines the role of measurement biases, due to order flow effects, in abnormal split ex‐day returns. We conjecture that postsplit orders consist of numerous small buyers and fewer larger sellers. This change in order flow causes closing prices to occur more frequently at the ask price, consistent with Maloney and Mulherin (1992) and Grinblatt and Keim (1991) . In addition, this change causes specialists' spreads to increase, perhaps to offset larger average inventories. We examine both NYSE and NASDAQ samples and find that order flow biases can explain approximately 80 percent (48 percent) of the NYSE (NASDAQ) ex‐day return.
Zinc and Coronavirus Disease 2019

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Letter to the Editor Get access Susan Swindells, Susan Swindells Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA Corresponding author: Susan Swindells sswindells@unmc.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory A Eschenauer, Gregory A Eschenauer Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martha Nason, Martha Nason National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eric S Daar Eric S Daar Department of Medicine, Division of HIV Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciad229, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad229 Published: 19 April 2023 Article history Received: 13 February 2023 Accepted: 12 April 2023 Published: 19 April 2023
Perspective on Clinically-Relevant Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacterales in Food: Closing the Gaps Using Genomics

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health concerns—it causes 700,000 deaths annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Enterobacterales such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , have become resistant to many relevant antimicrobials including carbapenems and extended spectrum cephalosporins. These clinically relevant resistant Enterobacterales (CRRE) members are now globally distributed in the environment including different food types (meats, produce, dairy). Unlike known foodborne pathogens, CRRE are not usually part of most food surveillance systems. However, numerous reports of CRRE highlight the importance of these bacteria in food and have been shown to contribute to the overall crisis of antimicrobial resistance. This is especially important in the context of carriage of these pathogens by immuno-compromised individuals. CRRE infections upon consumption of contaminated food could colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and eventually be a source of systemic infections such as urinary tract infections or septicemia. While different aspects need to be considered to elucidate this, whole genome sequencing along with metadata could be used to understand genomic relationships of CRRE obtained from foods and humans, including isolates from clinical infections. Once robust scientific data is available on the role of CRRE in food, countries could move forward to better survey and control CRRE in food.
Structural Design of Digital Radiography Detector using Hybrid Method for the Improvement of Response Property by X-ray

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

디지털 방사선촬영 기술은 영상 정보를 획득하는 원리에 따라 광도전체를 이용하는 직접 방식과 형광체를 이용하는 간접 방식으로 구분되지만, 모두 다양한 장단점을 내포하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 X-ray 민감도를 개선하고자 형광체 및 광도전체를 병용한 Hybrid형 검출기의 구조에 대한 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 조사 시간을 30 ms로 고정하고 관전압을 변화할 경우 전체적으로 직접 방식의 구조에서 우수한 민감도가 나타났으나, 조사 시간이 50 ms 이상에서는 Hybrid 구조의 경우가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 임상에서 다양한 검사를 수행할 경우에 일반적으로 50 ms 이상의 조사시간을 이용한다는 점에서 충분한 연구적 가치를 가질 것으로 사료된다. Digital radiography is divided into the direct method using photoconductor and indirect method using phosphor based on the principles in acquiring the image information, but both have different advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this study conducted a preliminary research on the structure of the hybrid detector that combined phosphor and photoconductor to improve the sensitivity of X-ray. As a result, when the tube voltage was adjusted at 30ms of exposure time, the direct structure displayed an overall excellent sensitivity, but at the exposure time of 50ms or more, the hybrid structure displayed a better outcome. This seems to have enough research value considering that various clinical examinations usually include 50ms or more exposure time.
Consumer-brand relationships’ development in the mobile internet market: evidence from an extended relationship commitment paradigm

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Given its importance in the brand management of service firms, the present research initiative primarily concerns the investigation of the formation process of consumer-brand relationships in the service industry. By considering a chain of effects’ model, this paper aims to integrate two brand commitment paradigm’s perspectives with service evaluation theory, representing the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of the relationship building process, to better explain the way consumers relate to a service brand. The proposed conceptual model is tested in the context of mobile broadband internet services. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 573 customers of mobile internet services was conducted using a structured questionnaire with established scales. Data were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicated that brand loyalty is determined by relationship commitment, which, in turn, is influenced by the consumer-brand relationship components – trust, satisfaction, investment size and quality of alternatives – as well as by the service brand’s perceived value. Finally, the relationship quality components of the brand, trust and satisfaction to a large extent, and investment size to a lesser extent, mediate the relationships between service brand evaluation and brand commitment. Research limitations/implications The sample is industry-specific, and this may affect generalizability of findings. Also, the cross-sectional design adopted does not reflect temporal changes. Practical implications From a practical point of view, the findings suggest that providers can improve their loyalty figures through the establishment of strong consumer-brand relationships as a result of the development and delivery of high quality, valuable services and other relationship-building tactics that support the consumer-brand binding. Originality/value Although there are previous studies that extend either the relationship investment model or the commitment-trust theory with the service evaluation theory, the proposed model is the first to combine the previous three research streams into one causal chain model, to explain the development and flow of events in the consumer-brand relationship process toward brand loyalty.
Interrogations of Community from the Women and Gender Studies Program at The College at Brockport

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project draws from hybrid methodologies to enact an interdisciplinary analysis of students’ articulations of community within the Women and Gender Studies Program at The College at Brockport. In order to subvert traditional colonizing research power dynamics, my own positionality as a trans* masculine queer identified person is contextualized within broader networks of power throughout. To highlight the creativity and recognition in relationships, I deploy and document “community” not to collapse any particular identities or other distinctions that exist among my co-participants, but to invite a revaluing of conventional boundaries and a rethinking about how knowledge is produced.
Generalizated local divergence measures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The comparison of sets is an important topic with application in several fields. Divergence measures were introduced as an adequate measure of comparison of two fuzzy sets and an alternative of the dissimilarities. The particular study for local divergences is here generalized to any t-conorm instead just the sum. The concept of divergence is revisited and studied in detail. This study is complemented with the whole characterization of a new family of divergence measures, the generalized local divergence measures. Some applications of these divergences in pattern recognition and decision making illustrate their utility.
Recent developments in naturally derived antimalarials: cryptolepine analogues

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to commonly used antimalarial drugs has made the need for new agents increasingly urgent. In this paper, the potential of cryptolepine, an alkaloid from the West African shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, as a lead towards new antimalarial agents is discussed. Several cryptolepine analogues have been synthesized that have promising in-vitro and in-vivo antimalarial activity. Studies on the antimalarial modes of action of these analogues indicate that they may have different or additional modes of action to the parent compound. Elucidation of the mode of action may facilitate the development of more potent antimalarial cryptolepine analogues.