jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised meta-analysis on chemical elements and atomic energy prediction: case study on periodic table

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents an artificial classification and atomic energy correlation analysis of the periodic table. The choice of data mining method is due to its robustness, which can explore intrinsic or hidden relationships between chemical elements and their properties. The Mendeleev table is probably the earliest example of the data analysis technique in materials science. However, the classical periodic table represents the arrangement of chemical elements based on specific periodicities that have the problem of continuity of properties for some chemical elements. In this research, we used one of the unsupervised data mining methods (Principal Component Analysis) to investigate the chemical elements based on all the ready properties, some questions were raised before diving into this research. The main objective is to make a pseudo-classification of natural and synthetic chemical elements based on their physicochemical and energy-available properties. The results revealed the effectiveness of the data mining method in appreciating the relationships between the variables and properties that offer a new way of viewing a Mendeleev table. The last step of this work highlights the importance of predictive polynomial that allows the scientific community to make atomic total energy predictions for each natural periodic element, from helium to lawrencium.
New Anti-Adhesion Agents In The Development of Antivirulence Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Gram-positive bacteria are a significant cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections associated with \ndiseases of high morbidity and mortality. Moreover, antibiotic resistance of important Gram-positive pathogens, \nsuch as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis is one of the major worldwide \nhealth problems. Over the last decade, many studies have focused on agents that target the virulence of \nimportant pathogens without killing or inhibiting their growth therefore imposing limited selective pressure to \npromote the development and spread of resistance mechanisms [1]enterococci and streptococci, sortase A plays a \ncritical role in Gram-positive bacterial pathogenesis. It is thus considered a promising target for the development \nof new anti-infective drugs that aim to interfere with important Gram-positive virulence mechanisms, such as \nadhesion to host tissues, evasion of host defences, and biofilm formation. The additional properties of sortase A \nas an enzyme that is not required for Gram-positive bacterial growth or viability and is conveniently located on \nthe cell membrane making it more accessible to inhibitor targeting, constitute additional reasons reinforcing the \nview that sortase A is an ideal target for anti-virulence drug development. Many inhibitors of sortase A have been \nidentified to date using high-throughput or in silico screening of compound libraries (synthetic or natural. \nWe synthesized two classes of molecules: curcumin analogues and N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides able \nto interfere with the bacterial adhesion, a fundamental step of Gram-positive pathogenesis [2].All derivatives obtained were tested for both the planktonic growth inhibition activity and the inhibition of biofilm \nformation against the following reference bacterial strains: S. aureus ATCC 6538, S. aureus ATCC 25923 \nand S. aureus ATCC 29213.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Chemicals and Antibiotics in Combating Bacterial Leaf Blight of Tomato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacterial leaf spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is one of the most destructive biotic stresses that significantly affects the quality and productivity of tomatoes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of ten chemicals, including Score (24.51%), Topsim-M (70%), Cabrio (60%), Fossil (29%), Milvet (80%), Forum Top (53%), Excel (80%), Evcin (80%), Electus Super (30%), and Copper hydroxide (52.4%), as well as ten antibiotics, namely Quinocel (10%), Neflox (30%), Gentam (20%), Velocef (29%), Rithmo (44%), Cefcom (52.4%), Cefstar (52.41%), Novamox-LA (15%), Trisulpha (53%), and Inocef (80%), at different concentrations under laboratory conditions, using the inhibition zone technique. In greenhouse conditions, the most effective chemicals and antibiotics, both individually and in combination, were evaluated at various concentrations against bacterial leaf spot of tomatoes. A Completely Randomized Design was employed for both laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The results from the laboratory conditions indicated that Score exhibited the maximum inhibition zone (34.83 mm), followed by Neflox (29.07 mm) against X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, compared to the control. Disease severity was assessed using a disease rating scale at specific time intervals. The results showed that the combination of Score and Neflox exhibited the least disease severity (7.50%), followed by other treatments.
A dynamic target tracking framework of UGV for UAV recovery under random disturbances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Dynamically tracking the target by unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) plays a critical role in mobile drone recovery. This study aims to solve this challenge under diverse random disturbances, proposing a dynamic target tracking framework for UGVs based on target state estimation, trajectory prediction, and UGV control. Design/methodology/approach To mitigate the adverse effects of noise contamination in target detection, the authors use the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to improve the accuracy of locating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, a robust motion prediction algorithm based on polynomial fitting is developed to reduce the impact of trajectory jitter caused by crosswinds, enhancing the stability of drone trajectory prediction. Regarding UGV control, a dynamic vehicle model featuring independent front and rear wheel steering is derived. Additionally, a linear time-varying model predictive control algorithm is proposed to minimize tracking errors for the UGV. Findings To validate the feasibility of the framework, the algorithms were deployed on the designed UGV. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic tracking algorithm of UGV under random disturbances. Originality/value This paper proposes a tracking framework of UGV based on target state estimation, trajectory prediction and UGV predictive control, enabling the system to achieve dynamic tracking to the UAV under multiple disturbance conditions.
191. Accuracy of Clinical Indications for Use When Ordering Antibiotics for Cystitis in Community Hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Documentation of clinical indications of antibiotic use is essential for antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) to identify targets for improvement and implement syndrome-specific interventions. In 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed a requirement to document clinical indication at the time of antibiotic order entry. Patient safety organizations also support this requirement. We evaluated the accuracy of clinical indications documented at the time of order entry in a sample of antibiotic orders as part of a system-wide ASP initiative. METHODS: Antibiotic orders with a documented indication of “genitourinary (GU)–cystitis” were retrospectively reviewed in adult, non-neutropenic hospitalized patients at three community hospitals from April to June 2017. Accuracy of the documented indication was evaluated via chart review. Patient demographics, initial antibiotic selection, ordering service, treatment duration, and infectious diseases (ID) involvement were also evaluated. Data pertaining to the appropriate diagnosis of cystitis was adjudicated by an ID physician. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients treated for “GU-cystitis” were reviewed (66% female, median age 77 years). Overall, only 25% of orders reviewed were consistent with cystitis per documentation in the chart. However, 42% of patients had evidence of a GU infection other than cystitis. Only 16% of patients possessed criteria for diagnosis of cystitis when adjudicated by an ID physician after additional information was obtained from the chart. About 20% of patients had evidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and 10% of patients did not have a urinalysis and/or urine culture. The majority of patients were initially prescribed a cephalosporin (70%) or fluoroquinolone (16%). The emergency department was responsible for 52% of orders labeled as cystitis. CONCLUSION: Cystitis was inaccurately selected as the indication for most of the orders reviewed. To improve accuracy, minimize provider fatigue and provide better utility to ASPs, the list of available indications should be simplified to include broader terms (i.e., GU instead of GU-cystitis). Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of cystitis remains a challenge and a target for improvement for ASPs. DISCLOSURES: All authors: No reported disclosures.
Existential Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is proposed that an existential approach to Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) can make a significant contribution to understanding the whole human being, while giving cognitive and behaviorally based therapy. Up to this time the existential approach has been in the hostile direction towards CBT. I propose the use if Heidegger’s existentials as a framework for conceptualizing the human being in the client and thus organizing CBT intervention. These existentials are six dimentions of human exististance - Temporality, spaciality, atunement and mood, mitsein, bodyhood, and being-towards-death. I will examine both pathological and positive aspects of the existentials and discuss possibilities for professional intervention by way of CBT. Time permitting, case studies will be presented.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Methanolic Extract of Carica Papaya Stem

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic properties of Carica papaya flesh part of stemand evaluating the quantitative determination of saponin, and in-vitro anti-diabetic activityof the extract. The methanolic extract was obtained using the Soxhlet apparatus, was used for the Antidiabetic study. Phytochemical screening was conducted to access the qualitativechemical composition of the crude extract to identify the major natural chemical groups and secondarymetabolites present in the plants. The study provides valuable insights into thepotential anti-diabetic properties of Carica papaya flesh part of stem and its potential as anatural anti-diabetic agent.
Knowledge, Attitude and Self-efficacy of CPR among Health-related and Non Health-related Majors University Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was conducted to prepare base data for development of effective CPR education program by comparing the level of knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy about CPR of health department and non-health department university students and identifying the factors which influence the self-efficacy about CPR. The study was conducted on 239 students who understood the purpose of this study, experienced CPR education and agreed to answer the survey among health department and non-health department university students at university in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The study showed that the factor influencing the self-efficacy about CPR of health department and non-health department university students was the attitude related to CPR. Although there are no significant differences between two department, but the level of CPR knowledge was higher health department than non-health department, whereas CPR attitude and self-efficacy was higher health department than non-health department. Lastly, there was a discussion about additional research.
Rational Design of a Triplet Afterglow Sensitizer\nAllowing for Bright Long-Wavelength Afterglow Room-Temperature Emission

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An\nefficient and bright red afterglow emission with a lifetime\nof more than 100 ms is essential for the detection of emission signals\nindependent of autofluorescence from targets in deep locations under\nin vivo conditions. However, the afterglow room-temperature (RT) emission\nyield at wavelengths over 600 nm is less than 5.5%. Here, we report\na rational design for triplet sensitizers to enable high-efficiency\nred afterglow RT emission. Two triphenylene derivatives with amino-conjugated\nsubstituents were synthesized in the form of triplet sensitizers to\ninduce red afterglow RT emission from a fluorescent acceptor. The\nmaterial that contained the sensitizer with the longer conjugated\nsubstituent and the acceptor produced red afterglow RT emission with\na yield of 8.5% for wavelengths exceeding 600 nm. The long conjugated\namino-substituent hardly enhanced the fluorescence resonance energy\ntransfer from the sensitizer to the acceptor, causing the red afterglow\nRT emission yield to decrease. However, the long conjugated substituent\ngreatly enhanced the phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET)\nfrom the sensitizer to the acceptor. A large increase in the transition\ndipole moment between the high-order singlet excited states and the\nground state was caused by the long conjugated amino-substituent and\nwas a key factor in enabling the sensitizer to produce selective large-scale\nenhancement of the PRET for enhanced red afterglow RT emission.
Ki Hadjar Dewantara Thought on Character Education in The Perspective of Islamic Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This Research aims to describe the thoughts of Ki Hadjar Dewantara on character education in the perspective of Islamic education. This Research is called library research. The data taken in this research consist of primary data and secondary data. The method of data processing uses the analytical descriptive method after the data is collected, classified, compared, interpreted, and finally given the conclusion. The conclusion is made using deductive and inductive patterns. The result of this research shows that character education according to Ki Hadjar Dewantara is the guidance of character in the life of children growing. Character education can be formed through education, experience, life test, sacrifice, and environmental impact. Hereafter the internalized values become an intrinsic value underlying attitude and behavior then repeatedly until becomes a habit, and the habit is guided and maintained then be a character. The method of character education through among method namely momong, among and "ngemong" mean habituation, example, and teaching. Meanwhile, the steps are childhood, the development of souls and thoughts, and the formation of character or social awareness.
Acceptance Criteria for Method Equivalency Assessments

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Quality by design (ICH-Topic Q8) requires that process control strategy requirements are met and maintained. The challenging task of setting appropriate acceptance criteria for assessment of method equivalence is a critical component of satisfying these requirements. The use of these criteria will support changes made to methods across the product lifecycle. A method equivalence assessment is required when a change is made to a method which may pose a risk to its ability to monitor the quality of the process. Establishing appropriate acceptance criteria are a vital, but not clearly understood, prerequisite to deciding the appropriate design/sample size of the equivalency study. A number of approaches are proposed in the literature for setting acceptance criteria for equivalence which address different purposes. This perspective discusses those purposes and then provides more details on setting acceptance criteria based on patient and producer risk, e.g., tolerance interval approach and the consideration of method or process capability. Applying these to a drug substance assay method for batch release illustrates that, for the equivalence assessment to be meaningful, a clear understanding and appraisal of the control requirements of the method is needed. Rather than a single exact algorithm, the analyst's judgment on a number of aspects is required in deciding the appropriate acceptance criteria.
Recent contributions of EPR to nitrone and nitroxide chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The present contribution provides an overview of the latest research studies in which \nNitrones and Nitroxides are involved in the applications of Electron Paramagnetic \nResonance Spectroscopy (EPR) in different fields. Due to the free radical nature of \nNitroxides (Aminoxyls), their use in EPR investigations is rather straightforward, while for \nNitrones (N-oxides) it relies instead on their use as ‘‘radical scavengers’’, and/or by their \nuse in the EPR Spin Trapping technique. Since the chemistry of both Nitrones and \nNitroxides have been extensively described elsewhere, this contribution would only represent \nan update on some of their most recent application involving EPR spectroscopy.
Current concepts in the use of cell salvage in obstetrics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review The worldwide leading cause of maternal death is severe maternal hemorrhage. Maternal hemorrhage can be profound leading to an entire loss of blood volume. In the past two decades, Patient Blood Management has evolved to improve patient's care and safety. In surgeries with increased blood loss exceeding 500 ml, the use of cell salvage is strongly recommended in order to preserve the patient‘s own blood volume and to minimize the need for allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. In this review, recent evidence and controversies of the use of cell salvage in obstetrics are discussed. Recent findings Numerous medical societies as well as national and international guidelines recommend the use of cell salvage during maternal hemorrhage. Summary Intraoperative cell salvage is a strategy to maintain the patient‘s own blood volume and decrease the need for allogeneic RBC transfusion. Historically, cell salvage has been avoided in the obstetric population due to concerns of iatrogenic amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) or induction of maternal alloimmunization. However, no definite case of AFE has been reported so far. Cell salvage is strongly recommended and cost-effective in patients with predictably high rates of blood loss and RBC transfusion, such as women with placenta accreta spectrum disorder. However, in order to ensure sufficient practical experience in a multiprofessional obstetric setting, liberal use of cell salvage appears advisable.
Another Look at the Giving of Independent Advice to Sureties: Some Uncertainties and Evolving Concerns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It seems clear from the cases that independent advice can play a role where the lender or creditor attempts to argue that a guarantor or surety has entered into a guarantee in an act of free and independent will, and is aware of the nature and effect of such a security.The purpose of independent advice in this context is to ensure that the guarantor understands the nature and effect of the transaction and the documents to be signed.This article critically analyses the importance of the surety procuring independent advice before executing the contract of guarantee.It examines some of the evolving problems with independent advice and whether the presence of such advice can actually be used to protect a guarantee transaction from the taint of, for example, unfairness.It also considers whether current ideas of what constitutes independent advice are in general adequate to form the basis of an effective protective regime for guarantors.
Residual Tumour Cell Density and the Relationship to Survival Following Pre-Operative Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Results of the NWCOG RICE Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is commonly used to downstage locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The degree of response is assessed using a number of subjective tumour regression grading systems. Tumour cell density (TCD) has been developed as an objective linear measure of response and may be more sensitive and reproducible.Patients with MRI-dened LARC received pre-operative CRT using a novel irinotecan-containing regimen, with surgery 9 weeks later. TCD analysis was performed on digitally scanned glass slides. TCD was measured in the pre-treatment biopsy (PTBTCD) and a representative slide from the resection specimen including a 9mm2 area of greatest TCD (GTCD) and the whole tumour area and/or scar TCD (WTTCD). A systematic sample of 300 random points were inserted into each area using virtual graticule software and manually assessed, TCD was expressed as the percentage of informative points falling on tumour cells. The work is presented on behalf of the NWCOG RICE trial investigators and was part-funded by a PathSoc fellowship. 142 patients commenced CRT and 135 underwent surgery. Median TCD for PTBTCD, GTCD and WTTCD was 38.7%, 7.8% and 1.7% respectively. The number (%) of patients with a TCD of 0% was 0 (0%), 30 (23.6%) and 36 (28.3%) respectively. Distribution of TCD was normal in PTBTCD but highly positively skewed post-resection. Low PTBTCD (split by the median) predicted better 3-year disease free survival (DFS; 76% vs. 60%, p=0.05) although not overall survival (OS; p=0.47). Low WTTCD predicted better DFS and OS (DFS 71% vs. 58%, p=0.05; OS 90% vs. 77%, p=0.02) although no dierence was seen for GTCD (p=0.26; p=0.26). Pre-operative CRT markedly reduces TCD in LARC, and provides a continuous measure to compare dierent regimens. In the pre-treatment biopsy, lower TCD may predict improved DFS. Following resection, TCD across the whole tumour and scar more accurately predicts DFS and OS than using a selected area of greatest TCD.
Improvement of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase G1 (CGTase) product specificity by protein engineering and reaction parameter manipulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Malaysian Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (MSBMB) was established in 1973. It is a professional body representing the biochemists and molecular biologists in Malaysia. It serves primarily in the organising of activities that include technical workshops on basic and clinical biochemistry, biochemical education, specialised biochemical techniques and 'state-of-the-art' equipment. Lectures and seminars by visiting foreign or local biochemists and molecular biologists are frequently organised to provide an opportunity for members to keep themselves abreast with developments in their own and other fields.