jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of carbenoxolone sodium on stress‐induced gastric damage in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Carbenoxolone sodium was studied to determine its effect against restraint-induced gastric mucosal damage in the rat. Significant anti-ulcer activity was observed following intraperitoneal administration in nonfasted but not in either 24 or 48 h fasted rats. Orally, carbenoxolone had no statistically significant effect in non-fasted rats although the data suggest that it may have afforded some protection. These results indicate that the use of non-fasted rats is most probably a requirement for demonstrating the protective activity of this type of anti-ulcer compound in stressed rat assays.
Stream-Function Based 3D Obstacle Avoidance Mechanism for Mobile AUVs in the Internet of Underwater Things

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The mobility manager in the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) plays a major role in data acquisition. In this paper, one novel obstacle avoidance method based on fluid mechanics is discussed for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in 3D IoUT. The proposed method utilizes ocean current characteristics simplified as stream-function to design an optimal 3D trajectory with an obstacle avoidance function. 3D stream-function is constructed for spherical and cylindrical obstructions in details. Theoretical analysis of 3D stream-function proves that traditional 2D stream-function can be extended to 3D IoUT space under specific conditions. One path deformation method based on virtual obstacle methodology is proposed to overcome the inherent hysteresis problem of the traditional stream-function based obstacle avoidance design. Moreover, we introduce an energy consumption model for AUV to prove that our obstacle avoidance algorithm can improve energy efficiency if actual ocean currents exist. Extensive simulation results verify that the proposed obstacle avoidance method has the characteristics of curve continuity and smoothness, enhanced obstacle avoidance effects, and high energy efficiency. Therefore, the proposed method meets the actual requirements of multi-obstacle avoidance path planning for AUV in IoUT.
Artificial Muscle Actuator based on Synthetic Elastomer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present an artificial muscle actuator producing rectilinear motion, called the Tube–Spring–Actuator (TSA). The TSA is supposed to be a prospective substitute in areas requiring macro forces such as robotics. It is simply configured from a synthetic elastomer tube with an inserted spring. The design of the TSA is described in detail and its analysis is conducted to investigate the characteristics of the actuator based on the derived model. In addition, the performance of the proposed actuator is tested via experiments.
Importance of the Phyllochron in Studying Development and Growth in Grasses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phyllochron, which is defined as the interval between similar growth stages of successive leaves on the same calm, has been used extensively to describe and understand development of grasses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce seven papers presented as part of the symposium Understanding Development and Growth in Grasses: Role of the Phyllochron Concept . Environmental (temperature, water, and day length) factors and genetics affect the duration of the phyllochron. The following seven papers broaden the discussion of these topics and present new concepts about how the environment and genetics impact the relationship between leaf appearance and whole plant development.
(1643) Louisa Alice Scott

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Can Choir singing support migrant inclusion? An encouraging survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Italy imposed lockdown measures, which also affected places of worship that had to suspend group religious celebrations. This study focuses on the dematerialization of the sacred space, achieved through the creation of the "digital mosque." The author interviewed imams and participated in online worship during the lockdown. The analysis of the data explored various facets, including the reactions of Muslim communities to the impact of the lockdown and government directives guidelines. The study then delved into the transition of certain communities from offline Islam to online Islam, culminating in the establishment of the "digital mosque." The lat-ter serves as both a virtual gathering place for the faithful and a tool for social control and the definition of authority in the interpretation of the online inter-pretation of the sacred. However, it should be noted that different Muslim communities reacted in various ways to the use of the internet.
Penghancuran Estetika Kota: Bangunan Bersejarah di Kota Medan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last two decades, specially when Medan City has got involved in the urban developmentalism, through the modernization and capital globalization, many historical buildings are destructed in order to build shopping centres, through hegemony and/or demolition by neglection. Using their hegemonic discourses, the local government supports controversially the destruction although the Perda was already issued. The most important discourse is the promise that the shopping centres will create employment for the local people as well as generate revenues for the government. To resist the destruction, counter-hegemonic ones are built by the society supported by critical groups, such as non-governmental organizations called Badan Warisan Sumatra (Sumatra Heritage Trust (BWS/SHT) with the central figure Hasti Tarekat as well as intellectuals, and mass media. Such a destruction does not only omit history and identity of the city but also neglect the tourism development based on the aesthetics of the heritages, which is potential to emansipatory praxis of the society.
Effectiveness of Digital Marketing Strategies and Political Brand Reinforcement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research explores the relationship between the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies and the strengthening of political brands in the context of political choices and public perceptions. Amidst the shifting political paradigm increasingly driven by digital media, a deeper understanding of how digital marketing strategies influence the image and impressions of political leaders becomes increasingly important. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data on the level of digital media usage as a promotional tool for political party candidates. Data analysis is conducted by referring to the results of literature studies and political phenomenon studies to discover the relationships and implications between variables of digital marketing strategies and the strengthening of political brands. Findings indicate that the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies significantly contributes to the strengthening of political brands, with various elements such as content quality, social interaction, and online presence playing key roles in shaping public perceptions of a political leader.The results of this research provide valuable insights for political marketing practitioners in developing more effective strategies in optimizing the use of digital media to reinforce political identities and images. Practical implications of this research also pave the way for future researchers to further explore the dynamics of interaction between digital marketing strategies and the formation of political brands in the ever-changing context of modern politics. Keywords : Marketing Strategy, Branding, Digital, Communication.
Response Difference of Seed Setting Rate of Rice Florets at the Meiosis and Anthesis Stages to High Temperature

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The meiosis and anthesis stages are two important periods for rice florets sensitivity to high temperature.In order to explore the response difference of seed setting rate(SSR) of rice florets to high temperature at the meiosis and anthesis stages,Teyou559 and Huajing1 were selected as materials to study the effect of high temperature(31 ℃,33 ℃,35 ℃,37 ℃,39 ℃,41 ℃) on the relative SSR of rice florets at these two stages.The results showed the relative SSR decreased with the increase of temperature and the lasting of high temperature at the meiosis stage,and the changes were expressed in the quadratic equation for Teyou559 and Huajing1 with little parameter difference between them.The relative SSR also decreased with the increase of temperature and the lasting of high temperature at the anthesis stage,and the changes were expressed in the logistic equation for Teyou559 and Huajing1,but the parameter difference between them was obvious.This study provided a method to quantify the effect of high temperature on relative SSR and would be helpful to develop and improve the high temperature-deduced sterility model for rice.
Money demand revisited: An operational subjective approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a method of data analysis founded on the philosophy and understanding of uncertain knowledge developed by Bruno de Finetti. Specifically, the paper investigates the informational content of interest rates for the prediction of M1. This empirical application replicates that of Cooley and Leroy (1981) and McAleer, Pagan, and Volker (1985), but the procedures and their interpretation follow the operational subjective approach. The issue of an autocorrelated error structure is recast in the operational subjective context. Methods are developed to assess the interest sensitivity of the demand for money in this context. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Geometrical Language of Continuum Mechanics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Epstein presents the fundamental concepts of modern differential geometry within the framework of continuum mechanics. Divided into three parts of roughly equal length, the book opens with a motivational chapter to impress upon the reader that differential geometry is indeed the natural language of continuum mechanics or, better still, that the latter is a prime example of the application and materialisation of the former. In the second part, the fundamental notions of differential geometry are presented with rigor using a writing style that is as informal as possible. Differentiable manifolds, tangent bundles, exterior derivatives, Lie derivatives, and Lie groups are illustrated in terms of their mechanical interpretations. The third part includes the theory of fiber bundles, G-structures, and groupoids, which are applicable to bodies with internal structure and to the description of material inhomogeneity. The abstract notions of differential geometry are thus illuminated by practical and intuitively meaningful engineering applications.
Effects of spawning Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) on total lipid content and fatty acid composition of river food webs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Returning Atlantic salmon subsidize rivers with marine‐derived nutrients ( MDN s), potentially altering food web dynamics, shifting to reliance on marine‐derived resources. Stream channels designed to simulate natural river systems, one with MDNs from spawning Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and one without marine‐nutrient subsidies (control), were used to determine whether fatty acids (FAs) delivered to rivers and streams by spawning Atlantic salmon are incorporated by freshwater biota. Changes in FA profiles between stream channels with and without MDN inputs for biofilm, macroinvertebrates, and Atlantic salmon parr were used to characterize temporal dynamics of MDN incorporation during pre‐spawning, spawning, and post‐spawning periods. There were no differences between control and treatment stream channels prior to the addition of Atlantic salmon. Spawning Atlantic salmon had a positive effect on total lipid content in all trophic levels (biofilm, 4.33%; macroinvertebrates, 7.54%; salmon parr, 2.59%), relative to controls. Fatty acid profiles between the MDN treatment and control stream channels were similar for each biotic group prior to the introduction of adult Atlantic salmon; however, following adult salmon introductions, the FA profiles of the biofilm, invertebrates, and salmon parr differed by as much as 36.7%, 30.3%, and 22.9%, respectively, between the MDN treatment stream channels and the controls. Fatty acid profiles of the invertebrates and salmon parr from the MDN treatment stream channels tracked the FA profile of the salmon eggs. Proportions of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid varied with diet in a predictable manner related to dietary FA proportions. These responses demonstrate a change in the food web structure resulting from the establishment of this new, marine‐based, basal resource. The positive effects of MDN s increasing freshwater productivity are complimented by marine‐based lipids that represent surplus energy and an increase in the quality of resources, thereby contributing to the diversity and health of freshwater ecosystems.
The Rise and Fall of Aliyah: A Brief History of Immigration to Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter details the history of immigration in Israel. Chronicles of immigration during the past century show that moving to the “holy land” has never been a particularly comfortable, convenient, or compelling option. Precisely because they could be given little else, Jewish immigrants were always accorded honor and esteem by the Zionist movement. Zionists also learned to become very persuasive salesmen. One study by demographic experts characterized Israel's policies as the most active pro-immigration program ever recorded—encouraging, stimulating and assisting immigrants in all stages of the immigration process. Between 1918 and 2015 some 3.7 million Jews moved to Israel. For most of Israel's history it was the single greatest engine for Israel's dramatic demographic growth. In recent years, however, subsequent to the end of the great influx of Jews from the former Soviet Union, immigration slowed significantly. The present number of immigrants is only slightly more than the Israelis leaving the country. The immigration–emigration balance in Israel is starting to stabilize, with any gains or losses trivial in relation to overall population size.
Differentiation characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in typical brown soil under different vegetation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anomalous enrichment of soil elements (especially heavy metals) has aroused popular attention in China. In order to discuss distribution characteristics and analyze sources of elements in brown soil, field investigation and sample collection were carried out under different vegetation (cherry, apple, bamboos and pine) in Qixia, a typical apple production base in China. Element contents, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) were tested. Results showed that element concentrations were about roughly 2.48 times as China's background values, while significantly lower than the class ii of National soil Environment Quality Standard (Ni excepted). Meanwhile, vertical distribution and accumulation characteristics of elements in typical brown soil were significantly different under different vegetation. In detail, elements (Zn excepted) of Pine soil accumulated in surface, while they (Cd, Arsenic excepted) increased with depth under other vegetation. Moreover, pH and EC changed like elements, while MS was exactly opposite. It was found that those differences above were mainly caused by human activities (such as improper use of fertilizer, pesticide and inadequate use of organic fertilizer, etc.). Additionally, differences in composition and decomposition rate of vegetation litter also resulted in vertical differentiations of soil elements under different vegetation.
Mentoring: a practice developed in community?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Behaviourist and cognitive theories of learning view learning as a process of individual internalisation. Social theorists view learning as a process that is socially constructed and developed in social contexts. Wenger suggests that professional practice is a social process that is constructed in communities. Mentoring in Initial Teacher Education (ITE) has been a feature of the ITE landscape since the advent of the internship schemes but might be viewed by many teachers acting as mentors to be a small part of their remit. Some mentors while part of school communities might be seen as discharging their mentoring responsibilities in a relatively isolated manner. This study seeks to develop an understanding of how mentors operating in different phases learn to mentor and to sustain their growth as mentors and to seek to identify how they construct their 'communities of mentoring'
Review on Different Types of Leaf Disease Detection Methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This review explores the various methods employed in detecting leaf diseases, highlighting their significance in ensuring healthy crop yields. The paper examines traditional techniques like visual inspection and microscopy, as well as advanced methods that leverage machine learning, image processing, and deep learning algorithms. Emphasis is placed on the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability of these approaches, considering the challenges of real-time disease detection in diverse environmental conditions. By comparing the strengths and limitations of different methods, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future directions in leaf disease detection technology.
Conflict Between Domestic Reindeer and Their Wild Counterparts: A Review of Eurasian and North American Experience

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experience in the Soviet Union and Alaska indicates that the major potential conflicts between domestic reindeer and their wild counterparts (both caribou and reindeer are of the same species, Rangifer tarandus) are: (1) Loss of domestic reindeer to wild herds. Although this can be reduced under close herding, it is still a serious problem wherever wild reindeer or caribou and domestic reindeer coexist. Domestic reindeer joining wild herds appear to have low breeding success and therefore probably have little genetic influence on the larger wild populations. (2) Competition for forage between domestic reindeer and wild herds, which is primarily restricted to the winter range. Herded reindeer feed more intensively than the wild, free-ranging animals and therefore their effect on range forage is greater. (3) Diseases and parasites may be readily transmitted between domestic reindeer and their wild counterparts. However, most diseases and parasites common to the species are endemic to both wild and domestic herds.
[The effect of mechanical strain on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to investigate the effects of cyclic biaxial mechanical strain on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)from rats. The MSCs were isolated from bone marrow in the 9-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats by a density gradient method. After the third passage,1 x 10(5) cells were seeded on the flexible silicone membrane in the cyclic biaxial mechanical strain unit. The amplitude of mechanical strain applied to the cells were 4000 microstrain, at a frequency of one hertz (1 Hz), for periods of 3 repetitions of 2 hours' mechanical strain and a break of 2 hours. The osteoblastic marker such as osteopontin (OPN),alkaline phosphatease (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), type I collagen (Col I) were detected by RT-PCR. The proliferation of all cells were studied with Flow Cytometry (FCM). ALP and OPN levels significantly increased in the mechanical strained groups and reached the top at 3th day after mechanical strain. COL I level was increase only at 3th day after mechanical strain, and the change of OCN was not obvious in every group. The proliferation index of the medchanical strained groups was increased, compared with the control. These results showed that mechanical strain can improve MSCs proliferation and make MSCs differentiate to osteoblast.
Enhancing Open Science Responsible Research Assessment and Decision-Making with the OpenAIRE Graph: The Role of Research Librarians

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The evolving landscape of scholarly research communication continually necessitates innovative approaches to responsible research assessment and decision-making. At the forefront of this evolution, research librarians are uniquely positioned to empower Open Science initiatives by leveraging the OpenAIRE Graph. This presentation delves into the critical contributions of research librarians in shaping the OpenAIRE Graph as a pivotal resource for monitoring research impact beyond traditional bibliometric indicators. By adopting the OpenAIRE Graph, research libraries can champion the principles of openness and transparency, thereby providing Research Performing and Funding Organisations (RPOs and RFOs) with non-commercial, robust analytical tools. The OpenAIRE Graph, comprising over 242 million research products—of which 81 million are open access—serves as a comprehensive database enriched by contributions from the research community. This resource facilitates the identification of metadata schemas, reporting missing information, linking persistent identifiers, and guiding researchers towards trusted resources.The presentation will guide participants through the OpenAIRE ecosystem, highlighting how various services—such as OpenAIRE Provide, OpenCitations, OpenAPC, and OpenAIRE MONITOR—integrate with the Graph to offer extensive insights into research outputs and Open Science activities. These services enable dynamic data visualizations, monitor research impact, and support open access tracking at institutional and national levels. In conclusion, this presentation underscores the significance of research librarians in advancing Open Science policies through the OpenAIRE Graph. By illustrating the collaborative efforts of the community in curating and sustaining open tools, the presentation highlights the strategic role of libraries in navigating and nurturing the future of data services, fostering a culture of transparency and community-driven innovation.
The Sterols and Fatty Acids of Delphinium denudatum Roots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The content and composition of sterols and fatty acids of Delphinium denudatum roots, which are used in the Indian Unani system of medicine, were determined. The sterols were composed almost entirely of campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol. Trace amounts of cholesterol and Δ 5 ‐avenasterol were also detected. Characteristic higher plant fatty acids were also present.