jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reducing variation in a rabbit vaccine safety study with particular emphasis on housing conditions and handling

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This paper describes the results of a study of the effects of modified housing conditions, conditioning and habituation on humans using a rabbit model for monitoring whole-cell pertussis vaccine (pWCV)-induced adverse effects. The study has been performed with reference to previous vaccine safety studies of pWCV in rabbits in which results were difficult to interpret due to the large variation in experimental outcome, especially in the key parameter deep-body temperature ( T b ). Certain stressful laboratory conditions, as well as procedures involving humans, e.g. blood sampling, inoculation and cage-cleaning, were hypothesized to cause this large variation. The results of this study show that under modified housing conditions rabbits have normal circadian body temperatures. This allowed discrimination of pWCV-induced adverse effects in which handled rabbits tended to show a dose-related increase in temperature after inoculation with little variance, whereas non-handled rabbits did not. Effects of experimental and routine procedures on body temperature were significantly reduced under modified conditions and were within the normal T b range. Handled animals reacted less strongly and with less variance to experimental procedures, such as blood sampling, injection and cage-cleaning, than non-handled rabbits. Overall, handling had a positive effect on the behaviour of the animals. Data show that the housing modifications have provided a more robust model for monitoring pWCV adverse effects. Furthermore, conditioning and habituation of rabbits to humans reduce the variation in experimental outcome, which might allow for a reduction in the number of animals used. In addition, this also reduces distress and thus contributes to refining this animal model.
Exploring the Positioning of Women Early Career Researchers Holding Managerial Roles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to expand the knowledge about the link between the positioning of women ECR managers and their coping strategies. The study is based on how women leaders in various higher education settings encounter positioning issues in the management process. Three women early-career researchers from different universities in Turkiye participated in the study. All had held managerial positions at three different universities in Türkiye. The data obtained from interviews with them were transcribed and analyzed thematically. The analysis revealed three types of positioning: social, talent/potential-oriented, and managerial function-oriented. The participants' positioning problems were categorized into four themes: cultural, managerial, physical/psychological health, and career/personal life. The study also identified four themes for the participants' repositioning strategies: managerial, interactional/social, avoidance, and emotional strategies.
Biotic Responses along the Recovery Gradient of a Regulated Stream

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Samples were collected year-round over a 1-yr period at six sites located downstream from a reservoir with a hypolimnetic release on the upper Colorado River to examine the longitudinal patterns of macroinvertebrates along an environmental gradient induced by river regulation. The impoundment had only minimal effects on river chemistry, and chemical variables did not exhibit a distinct downstream gradient. Macroinvertebrate density was highest at sites near the Granby Reservoir dam, but diversity increased with distance from the impoundment. A percentage similarity matrix identified two areas of rapid transition in macroinvertebrate assemblages along the regulated river gradient. Detrended correspondence analyses (DCA) showed a sequential faunal gradient with the most rapid change occurring within the first 3.0 km below the impoundment. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) suggested that downstream decreases in periphyton standing crop and minimum temperatures and downstream increases in most food resources and maximum temperatures were major variables structuring faunal assemblages. The results of this study, when compared with research conducted in free-flowing and other impounded rivers, indicated the predictability of some longitudinal patterns and the recovery potential of regulated lotic systems.
Representative bureaucracy in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Considerable attention has been paid to democratic consolidation in South Africa but substantively less has been written on public service transformation. There have only been a few comprehensive studies written on this topic (Picard, 2005; Cameron, 2009). Historically, white Afrikaner males held most middle and senior management positions in the country's public service. In 1990, 96.9 percent of employees in the total income categories of the South African public service were white (Commonwealth Secretariat, 1991, p. 53). Apartheid also discriminated against white women, and very few held senior management positions. In 1994 South Africa had its first democratic elections and one of the priorities of the new African National Congress (ANC) government was to create a more representative bureaucracy. Unlike countries such as the United States of America, which focused on minority representation, the discourse around representative bureaucracy in South Africa is centered on the representation of the majority in the public service. This makes it an exceptional and interesting case study.
Harmony in Diversity in Border Areas: Dayak Iban Tribe and Migrants in Badau

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to highlight the harmonious coexistence among different ethnic and religious groups. The study was conducted in Badau, a sub-district in West Kalimantan, inhabited by the indigenous Dayak Iban ethnic group and migrants from various ethnic and religious backgrounds. The primary motivation for examining the socio-cultural and religious life in Badau stems from the region's challenges, including limited religious guidance and services, the establishment of places of worship, the roles of traditional and religious leaders, and interfaith relationships. Using a qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and document analysis, the research revealed several key findings. Firstly, customary rules play a significant role in the lives of the Dayak Iban, serving as a guiding principle. They adhere to these rules strictly but with flexibility. Secondly, community leaders and social institutions are instrumental in resolving social issues. The rumah panjang and balai adat are two key mechanisms for conflict resolution. The study recommends conducting anthropological and historical research to trace the origins of the Dayak Iban tribe and explore religious encounters in the region. It also suggests that local governments in border areas emulate Badau’s community resilience, where the Cross-Border Post (PLBN) serves as a living symbol of unity, promoting nationalism and harmony among diverse ethnic, cultural, and religious groups. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti kehidupan harmonis di antara kelompok etnis dan agama yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Badau, sebuah kecamatan di Kalimantan Barat, yang dihuni oleh suku Dayak Iban sebagai kelompok etnis asli dan para migran dari berbagai latar belakang etnis dan agama. Motivasi utama untuk meneliti kehidupan sosial budaya dan agama di Badau berasal dari tantangan yang dihadapi wilayah ini, seperti keterbatasan bimbingan dan layanan keagamaan, pendirian tempat ibadah, peran pemimpin adat dan agama, serta hubungan antar umat beragama. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen, penelitian ini mengungkapkan beberapa temuan penting. Pertama, aturan adat memainkan peran penting dalam kehidupan suku Dayak Iban, menjadi pedoman utama mereka. Mereka mematuhi aturan tersebut dengan tegas namun fleksibel. Kedua, para pemimpin komunitas dan lembaga sosial berperan penting dalam menyelesaikan masalah sosial. Rumah panjang dan balai adat merupakan dua mekanisme penyelesaian konflik di antara masyarakat. Studi ini merekomendasikan dilakukannya penelitian antropologi dan sejarah untuk menelusuri asal-usul suku Dayak Iban serta mengeksplorasi pertemuan agama di wilayah tersebut. Studi ini juga menyarankan agar pemerintah daerah di wilayah perbatasan meniru ketahanan komunitas di Badau, di mana Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) berfungsi sebagai simbol hidup persatuan, mempromosikan nasionalisme dan kerukunan di antara kelompok etnis, budaya, dan agama yang beragam.
The effects of coil current directions and waveforms on nerve excitation elicited by magnetic stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) during magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves depend on the stimulus current direction and waveform. The output waveforms from currently used magnetic stimulators are mono- and polyphasic. The authors analyzed the nerve excitation elicited by four different combinations of coil current waveform/direction. It was shown that the axon is easily excited with biphasic coil current waveform and that the latency depends on coil current waveform, direction and strength. The simulation results are applicable to predict the change of excitation threshold and latency of CMAPs varied with the combination of coil current waveform/direction in magnetic stimulation of human peripheral nerves.
Recruitment of trauma/surgical critical care faculty reverses decline of patient outcomes noted with previous faculty attrition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Drake, Mack D. DO; Hamill, Mark E. MD; Bradburn, Eric H. DO; Taylor, Dallas A. BS, RN; Gilbert, Carol M. MD; Baker, Christopher C. MD, FACS; Kundzins, John R. BS; Ferrara, John J. MD, FACS; Collier, Bryan R. DO, FACS Author Information
Variation in body size of Phanocerus clavicornis Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Larainae) in Atlantic Rainforest streams in response to hydraulic disturbance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, patterns of body size of Phanocerus clavicornis Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Larainae) were investigated along a gradient of change in speed of flow conditions in streams of low order in the Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil. Specifically, the hypothesis that the distribution of P. clavicornis larvae vary in size in response to variations in the speed of flow in streams was tested. A Surber sampler was used to collect larvae from the streambed during two sampling periods, defined by the rain regime: August in the dry season and February in the rainy season. Possible differences in mean measured body size were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA result indicated for all measurements on the larvae collected in first-order streams (head width, prothoracic width and total body length), there were significant differences indicating a morphometric variation due to changing hydraulic conditions, the smallest larvae being associated with the period of greater rainfall. However, the larger streams (3rd order), where the rain events had less impact on the larval size, varied widely. The results of this study suggest that the interstitial space is important for the protection of the larvae from water flow, and that populations of P. clavicornis have high plasticity, a key feature for the occupation of unstable environments for this species. These results are important for an understanding of the life history and behavioural characteristics of the species, which allow them to persist in streams along a gradient of flow disturbance.
Deprescribing 5-Aminosalicytes in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis on Concomitant Advanced Therapy: A Qualitative Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Katie R Cruchelow,1 Kemberlee R Bonnet,2 Autumn D Zuckerman,1 David G Schlundt,2 Sara N Horst3 1Vanderbilt Specialty Pharmacy, Vanderbilt Health System, Nashville, TN, USA; 2Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; 3Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USACorrespondence: Autumn D Zuckerman, Vanderbilt Specialty Pharmacy, Vanderbilt Health System, 784 Melrose Ave., Nashville, TN, 37211, USA, Tel +1 615-936-6353, Email autumn.zuckerman@vumc.orgPurpose: Data suggests 5-Aminosalicytes (5-ASA) medication does not influence outcomes in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) on advanced therapy and can be discontinued. However, patients’ perspectives on discontinuing UC-related medications have not been evaluated and should be incorporated when considering therapy changes. This study explored patients’ experiences with UC treatment (5-ASA) in combination with advanced therapy, and barriers, facilitators, and attitudes toward deprescribing 5-ASAs.Patients and Methods: To qualitatively evaluate patients’ views on 5-ASA medication discontinuation two focus groups were conducted for patients with UC on stable doses of 5-ASA medication and advanced therapy for at least 6 months. Patients were asked about their satisfaction with and barriers to current therapy, quality of life, and opinions about the potential medication deprescribing. Transcripts were analyzed using an iterative inductive/deductive approach.Results: Ten patients participated with an average age 50 years (SD ± 11 years), 50% Female, and 80% White. Advanced therapy included tofacitinib (20%), vedolizumab (20%), or infliximab (20%). Qualitative analysis identified patient and clinician factors in the deprescribing process. Patient themes included emotions and coping, quality of life, attitudes and beliefs, experiences with the condition, and symptoms. Participants identify clinician themes including endorsement, communication, patient relationship, information distribution, and deprescribing readiness for change. The shared patient/clinician risk assessment was vital to moving towards deprescribing, however the decision to deprescribe was influenced by barriers and facilitators including further discussion with their clinician.Conclusion: Patients with UC on advanced therapy and 5-ASA are open to deprescribing their 5-ASA but would have questions for their prescribing clinician including assurance of continued symptom management or ease of returning to the 5-ASA if needed.Keywords: ulcerative colitis, deprescriptions, focus groups, risk assessment
Validation of the performance of the Decipher biopsy genomic classifier in intermediate-risk prostate cancer on the phase III randomized trial NRG Oncology/RTOG 0126.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

269 Background: The 22-gene Decipher genomic classifier (GC) is a prognostic biomarker that has been validated in phase III trials in high-risk localized, post-prostatectomy, and metastatic and non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Herein, we report the first validation of the biopsy GC in intermediate-risk prostate cancer from the phase III randomized trial NRG/RTOG 0126. Methods: After National Cancer Institute approval, biopsy slides were collected from the NRG biobank from RTOG 0126, a phase III randomized trial of men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer randomized to 70.2 Gy versus 79.2 Gy of radiotherapy without the use of concomitant hormone therapy. RNA was extracted from the highest grade tumor foci and processed through a quality control (QC) pipeline prior to generation of the previously locked 22-gene GC model. After GC data was generated it was linked with clinical outcomes to assess prognostic performance. The primary endpoint for this ancillary project was disease progression, defined as biochemical failure, local failure, distant metastasis or prostate cancer-specific mortality, as well as use of salvage therapy. Secondary endpoints included the previous individual endpoints, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. Independent GC prognostic performance was assessed using cause-specific Cox or competing risk adjusted Fine-Gray multivariable models that included randomization arm and prognostic stratification factors. Death without events were treated as competing risks. Results: A total of 215 patient samples passed QC of the 449 that had suitable cDNA for expression analysis. The median follow-up was 12.8 years (range 2.4-17.7), and 61% had Gleason 3+4, 24% had Gleason 4+3, and the median PSA was 7.2 ng/mL (IQR 5.0-10.2). On multivariable analysis the 22-gene GC (per 0.1 unit) was independently prognostic for disease progression (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.13, 95%CI (1.01-1.26), p = 0.03), biochemical failure (sHR 1.23, 95%CI 1.10-1.37, p < 0.001), distant metastasis (sHR 1.28, 95%CI 1.06-1.54, p = 0.01), and PCSM (sHR 1.45, 95%CI 1.20-1.76, p < 0.001). In patients with lower GC scores the 10-year distant metastasis rate difference between the 70.2 Gy and 79.2 Gy was 5%, as compared with 26% for higher GC patients. Conclusions: This study represents the first validation of any biopsy-based gene expression classifier in intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Decipher is independently prognostic and can identify patients that have low rates of metastatic events despite not receiving concurrent hormone therapy, and can be used to help personalize therapy in this setting. Clinical trial information: NCT00033631.
Adaptive Resilience of Complex Safety-Critical Sociotechnical Systems: Toward a Unified Conceptual Framework and Its Formalization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Resilience is commonly understood as the capacity for a system to maintain a desirable state while undergoing adversity or to return to a desirable state as quickly as possible after being impacted. In this paper, we focus on resilience for complex sociotechnical systems (STS), specifically those where safety is an important aspect. Two main desiderata for safety-critical STS to be resilient are adaptive capacity and adaptation. Formal studies integrating human cognition and social aspects are needed to quantify the capacity to adapt and the effects of adaptation. We propose a conceptual framework to elaborate on the concept of resilience of safety-critical STS, based on adaptive capacity and adaptation and how this can be formalized. A set of mechanisms is identified that is necessary for STS to have the capacity to adapt. Mechanisms belonging to adaptive capacity include situation awareness, sensemaking, monitoring, decision-making, coordination, and learning. It is posited that the two mechanisms required to perform adaptation are anticipation and responding. This framework attempts to coherently integrate the key components of the multifaceted concept of STS adaptive resilience. This can then be used to pursue the formal representation of adaptive resilience, its modeling, and its operationalization in real-world safety-critical STS.
Adhesion and barrier properties of polymeric nanocomposite films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymeric nanocomposite films with superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) matrices on the surface of 08kp steel were prepared. The adhesion of the synthesized two-layer film nanomaterials and their barrier properties in 3 wt % aqueous NaCl solution were studied in comparison with the unfilled polymer films. Adequate mathematical description of the influence of the nanoparticle concentration (0–10%) on the adhesion of the polymeric nanocomposites was made. The barrier properties of the polymeric nanocomposite films were evaluated by measuring the electrode potentials of the uncoated and coated specimens. Based on the experimental data obtained, the following nanocomposite was suggested as material for film deposition: poly(methyl methacrylate) + 5.6 wt % Fe3O4 with the nanoparticle size of approximately 10 nm. Films of this material ensure high adhesion (100%) and sufficiently good (86%) barrier properties.
Portraits of Exemplary Literacy Practices: The Arizona Initiative for Children.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This booklet presents portraits of 10 Literacy Sites selected by the Arizona Department of Education, sites where the entire school was involved in the Arizona Literacy Initiative for Children. An introductory section of the booklet discusses the Initiative, which was established to promote early experiences in reading and writing that would motivate students and build better literacy skills in the kindergarten through third grade public school population through an integration of the language arts. Sections of the booklet are: (1) Weaving Writing, Speaking, Reading, Listening into Literacy; (2) Using Literacy for Purposeful Learning; (3) Making Literacy Meaningful; (4) Supporting Literacy through School Culture. An appendix lists the 10 sites. (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** . . ,114,PrkAar.ii.Y., -4
Adapting to Climate Change in Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Climate change poses a serious threat to humanity in developed and developing countries and is already affecting South Asia. This study examines the role that good governance plays for adapting to climate change in Bangladesh, arguing that lack of good governance in Bangladesh risks reducing adaptation preparedness to climate change in the country. There is evidence, mainly because of geophysical risk factors, to support arguments that good governance has anyway limited capacity in relation to adaptation measures to climate change in countries like Bangladesh. The article argues that the current politico-economic situation makes it doubtful whether Bangladesh will achieve the fullest possible ability to ensure good governance for better adaptation to climate change in the near future.
A Chamber for Management of Circadian Rhythms of Light for Small Insects1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article A Chamber for Management of Circadian Rhythms of Light for Small Insects Get access Gary R. Wilson Gary R. Wilson United States Army, Medical Service Corps, with duty at the University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 63, Issue 5, 1 October 1970, Pages 1676–1677, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.5.1676 Published: 01 October 1970 Article history Received: 20 February 1970 Published: 01 October 1970