jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Improved Classical Singular Value Transformation for Quantum Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study quantum speedups in quantum machine learning (QML) by analyzing the quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) framework. QSVT, introduced by [GSLW, STOC'19, arXiv:1806.01838], unifies all major types of quantum speedup; in particular, a wide variety of QML proposals are applications of QSVT on low-rank classical data. We challenge these proposals by providing a classical algorithm that matches the performance of QSVT in this regime up to a small polynomial overhead. We show that, given a matrix $A \in \mathbb{C}^{m\times n}$, a vector $b \in \mathbb{C}^{n}$, a bounded degree-$d$ polynomial $p$, and linear-time pre-processing, we can output a description of a vector $v$ such that $\|v - p(A) b\| \leq \varepsilon\|b\|$ in $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(d^{11} \|A\|_{\mathrm{F}}^4 / (\varepsilon^2 \|A\|^4 ))$ time. This improves upon the best known classical algorithm [CGLLTW, STOC'20, arXiv:1910.06151], which requires $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(d^{22} \|A\|_{\mathrm{F}}^6 /(\varepsilon^6 \|A\|^6 ) )$ time, and narrows the gap with QSVT, which, after linear-time pre-processing to load input into a quantum-accessible memory, can estimate the magnitude of an entry $p(A)b$ to $\varepsilon\|b\|$ error in $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(d\|A\|_{\mathrm{F}}/(\varepsilon \|A\|))$ time. Our key insight is to combine the Clenshaw recurrence, an iterative method for computing matrix polynomials, with sketching techniques to simulate QSVT classically. We introduce several new classical techniques in this work, including (a) a non-oblivious matrix sketch for approximately preserving bi-linear forms, (b) a new stability analysis for the Clenshaw recurrence, and (c) a new technique to bound arithmetic progressions of the coefficients appearing in the Chebyshev series expansion of bounded functions, each of which may be of independent interest.
Stress Optimum Control of a Start-Up and Shut-Down of Cyclic Duty Turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The form of a control input ensuring that a given change in the power of a turbine is carried out in minimum time has been considered. This so called time-optimum controlling of a start-up and shut-down of turbine allows to minimize the operation time with respect to thermal stress constraints and by the same to minimize fuel costs of cyclic duty turbine operation. The form of stress-optimum and time-optimum control variable has been determined.
Determining the Relationship of Icebreakers with Principles of Learning and Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The occurrence of COVID pandemic has forced higher education institutions to adopt online teaching. A recent study has found that a vast majority of students find online teaching less motivating than face-to-face environments. Icebreakers are activities designed to “break the ice”, energize/re-energize students, and create an interactive environment among teachers and students. This research is aimed at providing a link between icebreakers and re-energizers and teaching and learning models. The purpose of this research is to encourage teachers, especially those dealing with adult learners, to develop their theoretical understanding for effective implementation of icebreakers in class and provide a link between teaching methodologies and icebreakers. The nature of this study is review-based and relies upon previous research. During the evaluation of this research, mapping between teaching perspectives, UKPSF dimensions, and the ripples’ model was developed. Moreover, different perspectives on the design of a student-centered learning environment were also identified. Based on this research, it was detected that there is a need to conduct further studies that can quantitatively measure the effect of icebreakers in fulfilling the learning goals. It is also essential to investigate whether the outcomes of ice-breaker activities can be linked with various aspects of teaching and learning. In this context, some authors have studied the effects of icebreakers on social interaction in online learning. However, their effects on other aspects of online teaching are still understudied. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that future research should be carried out on the design and employment of different ice-breaker activities in online classes and link them with the subject matter. The effects of these activities on student performance in assessment, class participation, and critical thinking must be investigated. Moreover, the current literature lacks the use of numerical and statistical analysis to support their results, which should also be taken into consideration.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Systems Containing Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom: Synthesis and Bioactivity of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐[1,3]thiazino[3′,2′:2,3]‐as‐triazino[5,6‐b]indole (IV) and Quinoxalino[2′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐b]indolo[2,3‐e]‐as‐triazine (VI) and Their Isomeric Systems (VII)/(VIII).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Impact of Climate Change on Economic Growth in South Asian Countries: The Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness and Renewable Energy Consumption

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the complex correlation between climate change and economic growth in South Asian nations, focusing specifically on the significant influences of financial development, trade openness, and renewable energy usage. This research endeavors to address the existing information gaps pertaining to the impact of climate change on economic development, with a specific focus on the susceptibility of South Asian nations. This study employs quantitative research approach. Economic indicators, climate data, and relevant financial and trade metrics are scrutinized to discern patterns and relationships. The methodology incorporates a multi-faceted approach to capture the complexity of the interactions between climate change variables and economic parameters. The study’s results provide significant insights into the intricate relationship among climate change, financial growth, trade openness, and renewable energy use in the South Asian region. The research elucidates how climate-induced disruptions impact economic sectors crucial to the region’s development. Moreover, it dissects the specific mechanisms through which financial structures, trade policies, and renewable energy initiatives influence economic resilience in the effect of climate challenges. Based on the findings, the study offers a set of targeted recommendations for policymakers, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches to climate change alleviation and adjustment. These recommendations encompass strategies for enhancing financial mechanisms, optimizing trade policies, and promoting sustainable practices in renewable energy consumption. By aligning economic policies with environmental sustainability goals, the recommendations aim to guide South Asian countries toward resilient and sustainable development pathways amidst the evolving landscape of climate change challenges.
From the Editor‐in‐Chief

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The current issue of the Journal, which completes nine volumes of publication, contains seven papers of importance to the evaluation and development of health services. In the opening article, the Editor's Choice, Buckley and colleagues, writing from the University of Toronto, Canada, describe the results of their study which applied a ‘stages of change’ model to enhance the evaluation of a research transfer course, providing insights into where barriers to change exist for research transfer action. Contributions from Canada continue with a paper from Geiger and Derman who outline their methodology for evaluating physician order entry implementation demonstrating the utility of their system via a case study which illustrates how the methodology is being employed at Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre in Toronto. In a British contribution, Pagliari and associates, writing from the University of Dundee, Scotland, describe a formative evaluation in primary care of a multi-faceted web-based resource for diabetes management where the primary aims were to assess the usability and utility of the prototype in order to inform system refinements prior to implementation and to investigate barriers and facilitators to system use and therefore to assist the development of a tailored implementation plan, describing interesting results. A further study in the primary care setting is provided by Sequeira and co-workers at the Arabian Gulf University who in an analysis of anti-hypertensive prescribing paterns, were able to identify gender-based differences within the same practice setting. Interestingly, the preference for a particular class of drugs was also influenced by the presence of co-morbidity and by the level of training of primary care physicians. Returning to the United Kingdom, Kirk-Smith and Stretch at the University of Ulster, examine, provocatively, how the practise of science in medicine may in their view be subverted by the professionalism of medicine with particular reference to the cultural differences between scientists and clinicians and their approach to authority. Their distinctive contribution is followed by a further Irish paper by Parahoo and colleagues focused on the evaluation of provision of clinical information to patients prior to diagnostic gastroscopy procedures. Finally, Steinmetz and Greisen, writing from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, describe the influence of clinical guideline development and implementation on improving blood gas control in mechanically ventilated, premature infants.
Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica S.Kato WAB0022744

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica S.Kato
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: DNN 533
Conserved by: Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Côte d'Ivoire
Local sample unique identifier: WAB0022744
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2000
Other identifiers: n/a,GBAHA
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Intraoperative autotransfusion for elective aortic surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Intraoperative autotransfusion using the Bentley ATS 100 was used in 23 patients requiring Dacron replacement of their abdominal aorta. An average of 2000 ml of blood was reinfused and a total heparinization dose was given. The mean haemoglobin fell 2·8 g/dl and on average 2 pints of banked blood were given in the post-operative period. Coagulation studies performed before and after surgery showed minimal alteration. We feel that further evaluation of this system is essential so that an alternative is established for when banked blood is not available. The system is particularly useful at the present time for such emergencies as a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm and severe trauma to the live.
A decrease in plasma glucose levels is required for increased endogenous glucose production with a single administration of a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor tofogliflozin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim To investigate whether changes in endogenous glucose production (EGP) and insulin and glucagon levels are elicited by the decrease in plasma glucose (PG) levels induced by the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor tofogliflozin. Materials and Methods We evaluated EGP in 12 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes under the conditions of no drugs administered (CON), single administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor tofogliflozin (TOF), and single administration of TOF with adjustment of PG levels with exogenous glucose infusion to mimic changes in PG levels observed with CON (TOF + G). We evaluated changes in EGP and levels of C‐peptide and glucagon from baseline to 180 minutes after drug administration. Results Endogenous glucose production decreased in the CON (−0.22 ± 0.11 mg/kg·min) and TOF + G experiments (−0.31 ± 0.24 mg/kg·min), but not in the TOF experiment (+0.08 ± 0.19 mg/kg·min). The decrease in C‐peptide was significantly greater in the TOF experiment (−0.11 ± 0.06 nmol/L) than in the CON (−0.03 ± 0.06 nmol/L) and the TOF + G experiments (−0.01 ± 0.11 nmol/L), while the increase in glucagon was significantly greater in the TOF experiment (+11.1 ± 6.3 pmol/L), but not in the TOF + G experiment (+8.6 ± 7.6 pmol/L) compared to the CON experiment (+5.1 ± 4.3 pmol/L). Conclusions These results indicate that the decrease in PG levels induced by SGLT2 inhibitor administration is required for the increase in EGP and decrease in insulin secretion.
Acute kidney injury profile of COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors a rural hospital-based retrospective study from Vadodara, Gujarat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI) are not well understood. The clinical significance of abnormal electrolytes and renal outcome in COVID-19 patients have been poorly documented. We aim to exhibit the electrolyte abnormalities, renal outcome and associated risk factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in rural tertiary care hospital in Vadodara district, Western India. Method: A hospital record based retrospective study was conducted. Total 994 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021 and those meeting inclusion criteria were included for the analysis. The laboratory data of interest included electrolytes reports like Na+, K+, CL-, creatinine and blood urea. Result: Of the total hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 324 patients were eligible. For the criteria for suspected AKI - 279 (86.11%) and no AKI - 45 (13.88%) patients were found. Suspected AKI patients were classified into four conditions: 1) HYPERNATREMIA (14.33%); HYPERKALEMIA (2.15%); BCR ratio >20 (65.59%); HIGH Cl- (17.92%). Out of total AKI patients, (36.91%) died whereas (13.3%) patients died in no AKI group. All patients were provided antibiotics, steroids and anti-viral therapies irrespective of AKI status, which we presume might have contributed in high mortality among suspected AKI.
Is consciousness required to withhold an impending action?: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This thesis explores whether a decision to withhold an impending motor action can be initiated unconsciously. There is much evidence to suggest that both voluntary actions and reactions to external events can be initiated without consciousness. However, there is some debate as to whether inhibition or control of behaviour can occur unconsciously. Libet et al. (1985) proposed that while consciousness is not required to initiate an action, it may be essential in allowing the action to be vetoed. Similarly, evidence from tasks involving response conflict points to a close association between inhibition/control of behaviour and conscious awareness. In particular, both fMRI and EEG correlates of control are seen to be absent when response conflict is unconscious. The research in this thesis aimed to clarify whether the no-go N2 and P3, ERP correlates of the no-go response, can be modulated by an unconscious prime. In each of five EEG experiments, target-related N2 and P3 components were significantly affected by the nature of the unconscious primes. More specifically, when the unconscious information coded for a no­go response, N2 and P3 amplitude was significantly reduced, suggesting that inhibition of the imminent response was primed by the unconscious stimuli. In addition, there was evidence that the unconscious primes were able to directly engage frontal inhibition/control mechanisms. In experiments 1, 2 and 5 early ERP differences were observed over frontocentral electrodes that were entirely dependent on the nature of the unconscious prime. Furthermore, experiment 5 showed that this early modulation of ERP activity was directly related to the extent to which the participants were influenced by the unconscious primes. These findings suggest that inhibition of an impending motor action can be initiated by an unconscious stimulus. These conclusions are discussed in relation to previous research, and the possible role of consciousness in behaviour. The limitations of the current research and suggestions for future work are also considered.
Hybrid modeling reduces experimental effort to predict performance of serial and parallel single-pass tangential flow filtration

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Single-pass tangential flow filtration (SPTFF) is a promising and increasingly important tool for continuous biomanufacturing and intensified bioprocessing. SPTFF operates at high product concentrations often limiting the number of process development experiments and therefore process understanding. We developed hybrid model structures to predict the concentration performance of SPTFF in serial and parallel mode with up to three membranes at various pressures, feed flows and protein concentrations. A single experiment to gather the training data for the model was performed in batch mode, significantly reducing the required amount of protein to set up the ideal process design. The hybrid model's excellent interpolation properties further reduce the duration of the training experiments. A set of mass balances controls the model variation of the two SPTFF modes as part of the hybrid model requiring only one training set for both modes. The hybrid model can be used as a Digital Twin to perform in-silico process simulations to gain in-depth process knowledge and enable model-based process control. The Digital Twin facilitates faster process transfer from batch to continuous and gives predictions on how different SPTFF modes perform under changing process conditions. This renders it a valuable tool for efficient process development and process transfer.
SUICIDE PROBABILITY AND RELATED FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS İN SANLIURFA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to determine suicide, suicidal ideation and related predisposing factors among university students. The sample of this cross-sectional study included 1,451 students studying at a university in Sanlırfa between October 1, 2022 and January 1, 2023. Data were collected online using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). The mean SPS score of the students was 73.53 ± 17.41. Sub-dimension scores were 26.55 ± 7.10 for the hopelessness sub-dimension, 12.19 ± 3.75 for the suicidal ideation sub-dimension, 12.21 ± 3.75 for the hostility sub-dimension and 22.5 ± 5.50 for the negative self-evaluation sub-dimension. Furthermore, it was observed that the total SPS score was higher in those with a monthly income of 20 $ or less, smokers and substance users, those with a psychiatric history, those who had attempted suicide before, those with a history of attempted suicide in their family or environment, those who used psychiatric drugs and those who had been subjected to harassment or abuse before (p ˂ 0.05). Addressing the possibility of suicide among university students and conducting periodic screenings in terms of mental health will contribute to planning preventive mental health services for university students.
Dietary supplementation with Camu-Camu versus sleeve gastrectomy in Wistar rats weight control.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the peel of Camu-Camu, a fruit plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, widely distributed in the Amazon basin, with those of sleeve gastrectomy, on the weight and glycemia of Wistar rats. Methods: twenty-four Wistar rats underwent obesity induction through a hyperlipid diet for eight weeks (fat period), and were randomized into three groups: Control Group (CG), Camu-Camu Group (CCG) and Bariatric Surgery Group (BSG). After this period, all animals returned to a normal diet and the intervention period began: CG did not undergo any intervention beyond diet change; CCG animals underwent gavage procedure for administration of Camu-Camu hydroalcoholic extract, 1g/kg/day, for four weeks; and the BSG was submitted to the surgical procedure of sleeve gastrectomy. We followed all animals for four weeks. Results: there was only one loss in BSG due to a gastric fistula. We observed significant variations in the animals’ mean weight: the CG evolved with weight gain even after the withdraw of the hypercaloric diet, while the other two groups presented weight reduction. BSG presented a significant reduction of weight and BMI (p<0.05); CCG achieved a significant reduction only of the BMI (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in the glycemic levels. Conclusion: in spite of reducing weight, the crude hydroalcoholic extract of the Camu-Camu peel was not able to be as efficient as sleeve gastrectomy in the control of body weight in Wistar rats.
Mitigation techniques of conducted emi in multilevel inverter drives

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the method of passive compensa- tion of a common mode (CM) voltage in a multilevel inverter drive system by means of the filter having sinusoidal output voltages and zero CM voltage has been presented. The main problem with the application of this solution is a magnetic saturation of the CM choke. There have been presented simu- lation and experimental results showing that the problem with magnetic saturation become less important in multilevel in- verter drives, thus permitting a reduction of size, weight and cost of inductive components of filters in such drives.
Winter season bloomer Hairy Bergenia Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. (Saxifragales: Saxifragaceae), an important winter forage for diverse insect groups

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pollinators can play an important role in production improvement in organic farming. It is, therefore, essential to ensure their year-round availability, particularly in winter season in Sikkim Himalaya. Thus, attempts were made to explore resources which could support and provide switching over platforms to pollinators during the winter season. Among the few observed forage species, Bergenia ciliata was found to be an important species that supports a diverse group of pollinators by providing the necessary forage. Therefore, B. ciliata is to be protected and managed to provide forage to pollinator insects during winter season.
Power Attack and Evaluation on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem in a Commercial Smart Card

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a widely used cryptographic algorithm in our life. Although its theory has become one of the focuses, it is difficult to ensure its security during the process of implementation. One can break it easily by using side-channel attack such as power attack. In this paper, a key recovery platform is built with computer, filter, signal acquisition module, oscilloscope, and so on. Then, we implement the simple power attack on ECC, and employ self-correlation analysis to make it easy to recover the secret key automatically. Finally, some relevant and effective countermeasures are suggested against power attacks.