jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Actions to Promote the Employment and Social Inclusion of Muslim Women Who Wear the Hijab in Catalonia (Spain)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current context of growing religious and cultural diversity requires, from societies, an adequate management of the expression of religious diversity in different social spheres, including the workplace. Muslim women who wear the hijab are one of the social groups that most frequently suffer prejudice and discrimination in work settings due to the intersection of multiple forms of discrimination, including gender, ethnic origin, religion and the use of a visible religious symbol. With the aim of exploring the experiences of Muslim women with hijab and identifying barriers and opportunities in their access to employment in Catalonia (Spain), a qualitative study with a communicative orientation was conducted, involving twelve communicative daily-life stories with Muslim women who wear the hijab and eleven in-depth interviews with a communicative orientation with other relevant actors in the fields of training and employment (employers, managers of internship programs, political representatives, etc.). The findings revealed some pending challenges and effective pathways to improve the employment and social inclusion of Muslim women wearing the hijab. The implications of the study point to the need to incorporate respect for diversity as a necessary value to move towards more inclusive societies.
Bandpass Antenna-Filter-Antenna Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Filtering Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces new wideband antenna-filter-antenna (AFA) uniform arrays that can be utilized as frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with low loss and sharp roll-off response, which are highly desirable characteristics for millimeter wave applications. The design adopts a simple 3-layer single polarization structure consisting of two patch antennas and a resonator. Both simulations and measurements are used to characterize the performances of the proposed design. Overall results show 18.5% 10-dB bandwidth. For the targeted band the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB. Possible applications include quasi-optical amps, grid mixers and radomes for aircraft radar antennas.
POSSIBLE CROSS-TALK BETWEEN ANTI-DONOR AND ANTI-HCV IMMUNOCYTES IN HCV-INFECTED LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

van de Wetering, J; Weimar, C HE; Holweg, C TJ; Baan, C C; van Domburg, R T; Balk, A HMM; Weimar, W Author Information
[Level of certain carbohydrate components in blood serum and urine of patients stomach and duodenal ulcer patients in the late post-vagotomy period].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Estimation of protein-bound hexoses, fucose and sialic acids in the blood and urine of 64 patients with gastroduodenal ulcers within later periods after various types of gastric vagotomy showed that the denervation inhibited the protective barrier of gastric and duodenal mucosal membrane. Protective functions of gastroduodenal mucosal membrane were most distinctly inhibited after selective proximal vagotomy which may be responsible for higher amounts of recurrences of ulcerous disease after this type of vagotomy than other types of denervation.
Validating Self-reported Chronic Conditions in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project Cohort: Data Linkage to Administrative Healthcare Data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IntroductionAlberta’s Tomorrow Project (ATP) is a province-wide cohort study of cancer and chronic diseases in Canada. Approximately 55,000 Albertans aged 35-69 years with no history of cancer, other than non-melanoma skin cancer, had joined the ATP. Nearly all (>96%) ATP participants consented to data linkage to administrative healthcare databases. Objectives and ApproachTo validate chronic conditions self-reported by the ATP participants, individual-level data of a total of 52,851 ATP participants were linked to Alberta Health (AH) administrative datasets using Personal Health Number. Cases of chronic conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal disorders, were identified by algorithms for disease diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in administrative healthcare data. Cases were identified as “prevalent” if the index date of diagnosis was before or within 6 months of ATP enrollment date. Self-reported chronic conditions were validated by the cases identified as “prevalent” using the linked AH datasets. ResultsAmong the ATP cohort, 804 participants self-reported ever being diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI), 451 with stroke, 2,907 with diabetes, 566 with ulcerative colitis, 362 with Crohn’s disease and 112 with liver cirrhosis before or at the time of ATP enrollment. Using the linked AH administrative data, 339 participants were identified as prevalent cases with MI, 200 with stroke, 2,702 with diabetes, 208 with ulcerative colitis, 283 with Crohn’s disease and 55 with liver cirrhosis. The sensitivity and specificity of self-reporting having chronic conditions by the ATP participants were 71.1% and 97.0% for MI, 44.4% and 99.3% for stroke, 78.1% and 98.4% for diabetes, 73.6% and 99.2% for ulcerative colitis, 65.7% and 99.7% for Crohn’s disease and 50.9% and 99.8% for liver cirrhosis. Conclusion/ImplicationsBy linking with administrative healthcare data, we were able to validate the accuracy of self-reporting chronic conditions in ATP participants. The sensitivity of self-reporting was acceptable for MI, diabetes, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, but low for stroke and liver cirrhosis. The specificity was high for all chronic conditions.
Biomarker changes and its prognostic significance after chemotherapy in patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e13160 Background: It is unclear whether the expression of biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 proliferation index changes after chemotherapy (CT) in patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC). The study aimed to investigate the expression of the biomarkers before and after CT and its impact on the prognosis of dnMBC patients.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2017-AF29-058). Methods: Using hospital-based database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study on dnMBC patients who received CT between February 2010 and December 2017. Based on clinicopathological data (including biopsy at the initial diagnostic stage and re-biopsy after chemotherapy), changes in pathological findings (ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67) following CT were examined. The effect of biomarker conversion on prognosis was evaluated. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used for survival analyses. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model to identify statistically significant prognostic factors. Analyses were conducted using Stata software (version 18.0, STATA Corp., College Station, Texas, USA). Results: The study included 192 female patients. The change rates of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 before and after CT were 9.9%, 17.2%, 6.2% and 25.5% respectively. Among them, the change in negative-to-positive expression of Ki-67 was the most common type of discordance observed. There was no statistical difference in OS between patients with changes in the four biomarkers and patients with no changes in the biomarkers (all p>0.05). Interestingly, positive conversion of ER and PR, as well as persistent positive HER2 and Ki-67, were significantly associated with poor prognosis (p<0.001, p<0.001; p=0.029, p<0.001). Family history, initial metastatic site, and tumor grade were independent variables related to survival (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusions: Changes in ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 status were observed in patients after CT. Positive conversion of ER and PR, and persistent positive expression of HER2 and Ki-67 may indicate a poor prognosis. Further research is needed to determine whether biomarker expression investigations are needed following CT to optimize treatment options and improve survival.
Water consumption of vegetable crops in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The subject of research is the development of a method for calculating the total water consumpt ion of vegetable crops, aimed at increasing the accuracy of its determination, in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, and saving water resources. The object of these studies are sod-podzolic soils and soil moisture, vegetable crops. Scientifi c research was carried out in lysimeters, on experimental plots and in the laboratory, in years with different meteorological conditions. Physical modeling, the method of water balance, the theory of groundwater fl ow and mathematical statistics were used in the processing and analysis of scientifi c research. Experiments in lysimeters in plots in 2010… 2015, served as the basis for the development of a formula for determining the total water consumption of vegetable crops. At the same time, empirical coeffi cients for this equation were obtained, characterizing the type of soils and the climatic zone. Biological coeffi cients for stem beets, potatoes, table carrots have been established, as well as coeffi cients depending on soil moisture when it decreases below the optimal values for these crops. A decrease in the total water consumption of vegetable crops at the beginning and end of the growing season was determined. A graph of the dependence of the actual total water consumption of the crops under consideration Ef (data from experimental plots) with the calculated Ep according to the formula is given, showing a close relationship between the considering features. A formula has been developed that we recommend using to determine the water consumption of vegetable crops in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.
Cinacalcet Administration by Gastrostomy Tube in a Child Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 2-year-old male with chronic kidney disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism developed hypercalcemia while receiving calcitriol, without achieving a serum parathyroid hormone concentration within the goal range. Cinacalcet 15 mg (1.2 mg/kg), crushed and administered via gastrostomy tube, was added to the patient’s therapy. This therapy was effective in achieving targeted laboratory parameters in our patient despite instructions in the prescribing information that cinacalcet should always be taken whole.
Blockchain for Governments: The Case of the Dubai Government

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technology is an innovative technology with the potential of transforming cities by augmenting the building of resilient societies and enabling the emergence of more transparent and accountable governments. To understand the capabilities of blockchain, as well as its impact on the public sector, this study conducted a review of blockchain technology and its implementations by various governments around the globe. E-government evolution is analyzed, based on empirical evidence from a Dubai government entity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which has utilized blockchain technology for developing end-user services, relevant to the public sector. Benefits achieved and challenges to overcome in such blockchain-based pilot deployments are discussed. The findings of this study offer new insights for practitioners involved in bringing in innovations for the benefit of society, using blockchain technology. Furthermore, it provides insights into policy actions to be developed to address the future challenges and to improve already existing e-government policies. The results of this research will benefit all blockchain-based pilot deployments by providing guidance and knowledge on this immature yet developing technology.
Global dynamics of a non-local delayed differential equation in the half plane

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we first derive an equationfor a single species population with two age stages and a fixedmaturation period living in the half plane such as ocean andbig lakes.By adopting the compact open topology, we establish some a prioriestimate for nontrivial solutions after describing asymptotic propertiesof the nonlocal delayed effect, which enables us to show thepermanence of the equation. Then we can employ standard dynamical system theoretical arguments to establish the globaldynamics of the equation under appropriate conditions. Applyingthe main results to the model with Ricker's birth function andMackey-Glass's hematopoiesis function, we obtain threshold resultsfor the global dynamics of these two models.
[Surgery of lumbar disk prolapse in Scandinavia. A questionnaire study in Scandinavian neurosurgical departments in 1993].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article consists in a review of treatment for lumbar disc prolapse in 1993, as reported by all 22 neurosurgery units in the Nordic countries, serving a total population of 23.5 million. Of surgical operations for the condition, 37 per cent were performed by neurosurgeons-using standard lumbar discectomy in 61.3 per cent of cases, microsurgical techniques in 36 per cent of cases, and percutaneous lumbar discectomy in the remaining 2.7 per cent. Chemonucleolysis is no longer considered a viable therapeutic alternative. In the Nordic countries as a whole, the annual incidence of lumbar disc prolapse surgery is 52.5 per 100,000, though the figure varies from one country to another.
Child psychiatry and its relationship with the pharmaceutical industry: theoretical and practical issues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pharmaceutical industry is primarily responsible to its shareholders and so making profit is its primary motivation. The industry's marketing techniques affect not only prescribing habits of doctors but also concepts of mental health. This editorial examines the impact this has had on both theory and practice in child and adolescent psychiatry. Undue influence by the pharmaceutical industry contributes to a skewing of the literature towards biological disease models of childhood mental health in order to support the use of the pharmaceutical companies' products. Using fluoxetine and stimulants as two case examples, the article illustrates how pharmaceutical companies have contributed to widespread acceptance of erroneous beliefs about the safety and efficacy of using psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents. Suggestions are made on how child psychiatrists, both individually and collectively, can incorporate this knowledge into their professional development and practice.
Altered kinetics and benzodiazepine sensitivity of a GABA A receptor subunit mutation [γ 2 (R43Q)] found in human epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor mediates fast inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CNS. Dysfunction of the GABA A receptor would be expected to cause neuronal hyperexcitability, a phenomenon linked with epileptogenesis. We have investigated the functional consequences of an arginine-to-glutamine mutation at position 43 within the GABA A γ 2 -subunit found in a family with childhood absence epilepsy and febrile seizures. Rapid-application experiments performed on receptors expressed in HEK-293 cells demonstrated that the mutation slows GABA A receptor deactivation and increases the rate of desensitization, resulting in an accumulation of desensitized receptors during repeated, short applications. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, two-electrode voltage-clamp analysis of steady-state currents obtained from α 1 β 2 γ 2 or α 1 β 2 γ 2 (R43Q) receptors did not reveal any differences in GABA sensitivity. However, differences in the benzodiazepine pharmacology of mutant receptors were apparent. Mutant receptors expressed in oocytes displayed reduced sensitivity to diazepam and flunitrazepam but not the imidazopyridine zolpidem. These results provide evidence of impaired GABA A receptor function that could decrease the efficacy of transmission at inhibitory synapses, possibly generating a hyperexcitable neuronal state in thalamocortical networks of epileptic patients possessing the mutant subunit.
The Use of Domain-initial Strengthening in Segmentation of Continuous English Speech

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Prosodic structure in English speech is signalled, in part, by stronger articulation of consonants at the onset of intonational phrases (IPs) than of consonants that are IP-medial. In two cross-modal priming experiments, American English listeners heard sentences and decided whether visual letter strings, presented during the sentences, were real words. We manipulated sentence type (either no IP boundary or an IP boundary in a critical two-word sequence), splicing (whether the onset of the sequence’s second word was spliced from another token of that sentence or cross-spliced from a matched sentence with or without an IP boundary), and relatedness (whether the visual target was the first word in the spoken sequence). There was a relatedness effect on target responses for sentences with no IP boundary only when they were cross-spliced, that is, where splicing provided evidence of domain-initial strengthening. Listeners thus use this evidence when segmenting continuous speech.
ON d-I-proper function

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,we introduce a new class of function called δ-I-proper function and explain some of propositions,theorems and some equivalent statements of this function . Key words and phrases: -I-cluster point,R-I-open set ,-I-open set , -I-continuous function,-I-closed function,-I-proper function . 1- Introduction: Let A be a subset of a topological space (X,T).The δ-interior of a subset A of X is the union of all regular open (R-open) sets of contained in A and is denoted by Int(A) [7] . The subset A is called δ-open if A=Int(A) (i.e. a set A is δ-open if it is the union of regular open sets )[7] .The complement of a δ-open set is called δ-closed . Alternatively , a set A(X,T) is called δ-closed if A=Cl(A), where Cl(A)={xX:Int(Cl(U))⋂A, UT and xU}[1].The family of all δ-open sets forms a topology on X and denoted by T .Since the intersection of two regular open sets is regular open , the collection of all regular open sets forms a base for a coarser topology TS than the original one T . A basic facts are that TS= T and every clopen set is regular open set [7] . In a topological space (X,T) , let I an ideal of subsets of X .An ideal is defined as a non-empty collection I of subsets of X satisfying two conditions : 1) If AI and BA , then BI ; 2) If AI and BI , then ABI .A topological (X,T) with an ideal I on X is called ideal topological space and denoted by (X,T,I) . For a subset AX , A={xX:U⋂AI , UT and xU} is called the local function of A with respect to I and T [3] .For each ideal topological space (X,T,I) , there exists a topology T finer than T , generated by (I,T)={U\I:UT and II}, but in general is not always a topology [2].Additionally , Cl(A)=AA defines a Kuratowiski closure for T and T T .
Antifungal effect of volatile organic compounds produced byStreptomyces salmonisPSRDC‐09 against anthracnose pathogenColletotrichum gloeosporioidesPSU‐03 in postharvest chili fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

These findings suggest that S. salmonis PSRDC-09 may have the potential to become a promising biofumigant for biocontrol of chili anthracnose disease in the postharvest system.
Munawar Iqbal: Zakah, Moderation and Aggregate Consumption in an Islamic Economy, Comment منور إقبال: الزكاة والاعتدال والاستهلاك الكلي في الاقتصاد الإسلامي - تعليق

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Muslim economists have of late shown much interest in formulating a consumption function for explaining the process of income determination or distribution in an economy regulated by Islamic values and injunctions. Munawar Iqbal presents in his note a critical review of some of the writings(1) in the area primarily to show that the Islamic economists ... have committed some theoretical mistakes in their formulations (p.46). --
Enteric methane output and weight accumulation of Nguni and Bonsmara cows raised under different grazing conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Several experts throughout the world have focused a lot of their research on the rise in methane concentrations in the atmosphere and its causes. Cattle are the livestock species that contribute the most to methane emissions, according to research conducted over the previous three decades. A greenhouse gas called enteric methane (CH 4 ) is created by microbial fermentation in the rumen and is released into the atmosphere through a variety of excretory processes. To reduce methane emissions, research on the ways that various breeds of cattle are reared on different grazing regimes should be prioritized. The goal of the current study was to measure the weight gain and intestinal methane emission of Nguni and Bonsmara cows grown under various grazing conditions. Eighty-four cows belonging to the 2 grazing systems were randomly selected and grouped according to three age groups: A (young adult cow, n = 7, 24–48 months), B (adult, n = 7, 60–80 months), and C (old adult, n = 7, 90–120 months) are three different age groups for adult cows. Methane production was higher per head in older animals, with C producing the most, followed by B and A (C > B > A; P 0.0001). In Bonsmara, body condition, body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), and daily methane were all higher ( P 0.05). Nguni had more methane per pound of weight ( P 0.05), although methane per kilogram of body mass ( P > 0.05) was similar across breeds. In the commercial system, body condition, BW, and DMI were higher ( P 0.05). On the other hand, communal grazing resulted in increased daily methane production, methane per DMI, and methane produced per BW. These findings support the notion that breed genetics, grazing system, and age all have an impact on methane levels and performance. So, all these aspects must be taken into account in breeding strategies for traits like methane production that are challenging to assess.
PT-axisymmetry for extraordinary field confinement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical Parity-Time (PT-) symmetric systems support unusual properties when the symmetric coupling between internal modes is broken. We propose a new class of quasiperiodic PT-axisymmetric systems which lead to a simultaneous extraordinary field enhancement and localization at the symmetry center. The effect is based on the asymmetric radial coupling of outward to inward propagating waves of the complex structure. We explore such optical potentials in 1D and 2D combining gain/loss and index modulations, which could have actual realizations in nanophotonic structures. As a direct application, we show how to render a broad aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) into a bright and narrow beam source.