jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thin Piezoelectric Films for Micromechanical Systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The main technological modes of producing thin piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride AlN, zinc oxide ZnO and lead zirconate titanate LZT are analyzed with the aim of their integration in devices of micromechanical systems (MEMS). It was determined that the main technological factors for producing textured ZnO and AlN films on silicon substrates of different orientations by magnetron sputtering are the substrate temperature and the working gases pressure. The crystallization features of thin films of lead zirconate titanate (LZT) deposited on Si / SiO2 / Pt substrates at low temperatures by the method of RF magnetron sputtering are studied. It was revealed that, after low-temperature deposition of LZT piezoelectric films, the pyrochlore phase with non-ferroelectric properties predominates in the structure. It was found that for the formation of the ferroelectric phase of the PZT perovskite, continuous annealing at relatively high temperatures is required.
A Self-Observational Study of Spontaneous Hypnagogic Imagery Using the Upright Napping Procedure

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Upright Napping is a procedure for observing and recording spontaneous hypnagogic imagery. It employs systematic self-observation and recording of imagery that occurs when one falls asleep in an upright seated position. Seventy-one hypnagogic images collected by the author over twenty-nine napping sessions were assessed for occurrence of illusory movements of the self and of other characters, for accompanying phasic and tonic neuromuscular events (NMEs), for isomorphic matches between illusory movements and NMEs, and for speaking and falling themes. The images were also subjected to an introspective analysis. Evidence was found for two types of illusory movement imagery and a distinctive progression in the quality of images as sleep ensues. With further trials and refinements, Upright Napping may prove to be a useful tool for investigating both the diversity and the microgenesis of dreamlike hypnagogic images.
Reversible effect of dextran sodium sulfate on mucus secreting intestinal epithelial cells1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Development of animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is important to provide insights into the pathogenesis of IBD and to evaluate modalities to prevent or ameliorate inflammation or enhance mucosal healing. However, the use of in vitro models of the inflamed gastrointestinal tract can provide valuable insight into a possible mechanism for dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)–induced colitis of importance for the design of subsequent in vivo studies. To develop a new in vitro IBD model with DSS-induced inflammation in human mucus-secreting intestinal epithelial cells (HT29-MTX-E12), we first investigated effects of increasing doses of DSS on viability and integrity of these intestinal epithelial cells. For cell viability studies, cells were treated with DSS solutions for 24 or 48 h and viability was measured fluorometrically by PicoGreen double-stranded DNA quantitation. HT29-MTX-E12 cells were differentiated in trans-well inserts and DSS solutions were added for 6 d before measuring integrity by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran. Then, medium with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was added and TEER and FITC-dextran permeability were measured after 8 d of treatment. A biphasic response in cell viability was observed with increased viability at low doses and decreased viability at high doses of DSS. Viability was decreased to 29% at the highest dose of DSS (10% vol/wt) for 48 h (P < 0.001). Dextran sodium sulfate significantly decreased the TEER of the intestinal epithelial cells to 59% and increased the permeability to FITC-dextran by 70% (P < 0.001). However, the integrity of the intestinal epithelium could be fully restored at all DSS doses by subsequent treatment with medium containing 10% FCS for 8 d. In conclusion, DSS affects the viability and disrupts the intestinal barrier function of HT29-MTX-E12 monolayers, a main feature observed in IBD. Furthermore, the harmful effect of DSS is reversible, suggesting that recovery of intestinal integrity after DSS treatment by potential therapeutic drugs can be studied in vitro.
Study of the Effectiveness of the ATTON Test in Diagnosing Attention Disorders in Children Aged 5—7 Years

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>This article describes the study of attention concentration in children using a new method &mdash; the ATTON test for the first time. The duration of the test, the response rate, the number of errors and correct answers in the main (106 children) and control (108 children) groups were measured. The authors identified differences in the groups in test duration, response rate, number of errors and correctly completed tasks at the significance level &alpha;&lt;0.001. And also presented normative indicators of test duration, response rate, number of erroneous and correct answers for children aged 5, 6 and 7 years. The relationship between the duration of the test, the number of errors and correct answers of the ATTON test with the scores of the proof-reading test "Encryption", as well as with a non-verbal intellectual indicator, was revealed. The retest reliability was determined at the level of r=0.757 at p&lt;0.001. The Cronbach's alpha value for the test was 0.973.</p>
RobotLoveMashup

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This video was assembled from footage found in the archives, mostly "Leave it to Roll-Oh", the "Medicus Collection" of 1939 World's Fair films, and "Aluminum on the March". The audio track is by Echelon & Jane Dowe, originally released on Comatonse Recordings 10th anniversary CD "Below Code" (now available for free MP3 download here: http://comatonse.com/releases/belowcode/soundfiles.html). Consider it my attempt at a kinder, gentler DEVO video.
191 Atheroprone Flow Alters ATP-Induced Calcium Signalling in the Endothelium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

The development of the atherosclerotic plaque occurs at distinct points in the vasculature, with areas such as bends and branch points susceptible to plaque formation. The endothelium at these sites is influenced by a disturbed blood flow with low wall shear stress. Numerous studies have shown that stimulation of endothelial cells with this flow pattern induces several inflammatory signalling pathways, but the mechanisms in which this flow pattern is sensed remain unclear. ATP is released extracellularly from endothelial cells in response to shear stress. The endothelium expresses the ATP-gated cation channels P2X4 and P2X7, which have been previously shown to respond to shear stress induced ATP release. Their expression is also increased in the endothelium following inflammatory stimulation. Therefore, we hypothesise that P2X receptors are involved in sensing atheroprone flow and inducing inflammatory signalling, thereby promoting development of atherosclerosis.

Methods

Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were cultured under flow for 72 h using an ibidi flow pump system. Atheroprotective flow was applied using +13 dyn/cm2 and ± 4 dyn/cm2 (0.5hz) was used for atheroprone flow. After flow conditioning, HUVECs were then loaded with a fluorescent calcium dye (CAL-520) and their response to 300Î¼M BzATP was measured.

Results

Endothelial cells preconditioned with atheroprone flow showed an enhanced calcium response after BzATP stimulation. This enhancement was dependent on extracellular calcium as no increase was detected when performed in calcium free extracellular buffer. The expression level of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors was significantly enhanced in HUVECs preconditioned with atheroprone flow compared to atheroprotective. Moreover the expression of the cell surface ATPase CD39, which breaks down extracellular ATP, was increased under atheroprotective flow. Chemical inhibition of CD39 with ARL-67156 also significantly enhanced the calcium response to BzATP in cells under atheroprotective, but not atheroprone flow.

Conclusions

We have identified an enhanced ATP induced calcium response and expression of the ATP-gated P2X4/7 receptors in HUVEC under atheroprone flow conditions. We observed enhanced expression of the cell surface ATPase CD39 in endothelial cells under atheroprotective flow suggesting that extracellular ATP is more rapidly hydrolysed to adenosine under such conditions. We therefore propose that shear stress induced ATP plays a role in specifically activating cells under atheroprone flow and induces inflammatory signalling pathways, underlying atherogenesis susceptibility in vulnerable regions of the vasculature.
Exercise Training and the Progression of Chronic Renal Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dear Sir,We regret that Eidemak et al. [1] failed to mention and discuss our investigation [2] which we feel is relevant to the subject they studied. We have demonstrated that repeated physical exertion under optimal environmental conditions produced a rise in GFR in sham-operated and uninephrectomized mice. By contrast, no change in GFR was demonstrated following a similar procedure in uremic animals.We suggest that our results in the latter group are more indicative than those of the two studies mentioned [3, 4] since in these studies the imposed physical activity consisted of swimming and involved water immersion and exposure to a high environmental temperature (37°C). Each of those two elements triggered a chain of physiological events, such as a rise in central blood volume and activation of various relevant hormonal systems, which could alter the pure effect of physical activity on GFR. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that the magnitude of the initial GFR determines the capacity to mobilize 'reserve' renal function by exercise. The lower the GFR, the smaller would be the reserve capacity.We therefore conclude that under identical experimental conditions results obtained in humans [1] and mice are similar.
The Deterrent Effects of Automobile Insurance and Tort Law: A Survey of the Empirical Literature

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the central issues in the debate concerning no‐fault insurance is the question of whether tort damages can deter accidents. Although a large, scientific literature exists which could cast light on this question, the participants in the debate have made little reference to that literature. In an attempt to rectify this omission, the following paper surveys a large segment of the statistical results, and comments on the implications which those results have for the no‐ fault debate.
Distortion Optimization in Enriched Video Traces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video compression and streaming over lossy wire- less networks is the current trend in telecommunication and encouraged by major carriers to increase their services portfolio. However, the technological challenges are still tackled to enable the delivery of high quality video. In our previous work, we devel- oped a per stream distortion model that is based on the extended Gilbert model. We expanded our definition of the verbose video trace file with embedded coefficients derived from our distortion model. These coefficients are video quality descriptors that we associate with Quality of Service parameters that are measured in real-simulation time. In this work, we devise an optimization algorithm that is based on the distortion model to enhance the received video quality in End-to-End (E2E) communications. Our optimization algorithm is tested in multiple simulations to verify its validity. We report the results from our simulations that indicate significant improvements when this optimization algorithm is deployed in Edge Routers in conjunction with our video stream distortion coefficients and network metrics. I. INTRODUCTION
Optimal control of red palm weevil model incorporating sterile insect technique, mechanical injection, and pheromone traps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The red palm weevil is one of the most dangerous pests affecting date palm trees in the Gulf region and the Middle East. This paper investigates the control of the red palm weevil (RPW) in date palms using several techniques, namely stem injection, sex pheromone traps, and the Sterile Insect Technique. A mathematical model describing the spread of the red palm weevil is presented, and the boundedness of the solution for the RPW system is studied. The conditions for local stability, forward bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation are also obtained. Additionally, this research highlights the significance of optimal control in managing RPW and simulates the model using the Forward-Backward Sweep numerical method. It is observed that the parameters of the sterile insect technique, the pheromone trap, and the mechanical injection play important roles in controlling the RPW. Mechanical Injection may be more effective in controlling the palm weevil compared to the other two methods.
Important research progress in clinical practice for advanced breast cancer in 2023

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of advanced breast cancer has entered the era of "accurate classification and precise stratification", and is moving towards the road of personalized precision medicine. In 2023, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the research on different molecular classifications of advanced breast cancer, influencing clinical guidelines and transforming clinical practice. The primary focus of research for hormone receptor positive advanced breast cancer lies in selecting appropriate treatments for patients who have failed cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors. Advanced breast cancer with low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression has emerged as a promising treatment direction, with T-DXd being an important therapeutic option. With the release of results from the PHILA study, a new era has begun for first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Simultaneously, T-DXd has become the preferred choice in clinical practice following tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure. Research related to immune and targeted therapy for advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is also progressing rapidly, yielding positive outcomes in studies such as TORCHILIGHT and BEGONIA. Additionally, ongoing clinical studies on precision treatment based on the "Fudan classification" for TNBC are expected to revolutionize current treatment approaches. This paper summarized major advancements in clinical research on advanced breast cancer in 2023 according to various molecular classifications, aiming to provide improved reference and guidance for clinical management.
Glucose escalates PSII activity, dynamics between anabolic and catabolic pathways, redox and elemental status to promote the growth of Brassica juncea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

• Glucose (Glc) promotes growth of Brassica juncea by maintaining dynamics between formation and utilization of photosynthates. • Glc enhance primary photochemistry, net photosynthetic rate and activity of photosynthetic as well as respiratory enzymes. • Glc reduces hydrogen peroxide and superoxide content by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activity. • Glc improve the elemental status and also enhance root cell viability. • Glc-mediated effect was of the following order: Glc 30 > Glc 20 > Glc 40 > Glc 10 > Glc 50 > Glc 0 mM. Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide, accumulates in plants as a minor product of photosynthesis as well as a breakdown product of sucrose. Glucose regulates various physiological processes in plants; therefore, the present experiment was carried out to assess its role in mustard plants. Seeds of Brassica juncea were sown into pots filled with soil and farmyard manure. Glc treatments were provided as a foliar spray at the 25-day stage of growth for 5 days consecutively. Plants were sampled at the 30, 45 and 60-day stage of growth to assess various biological and biochemical parameters. Glc promoted the growth of plants in the following order of concentration: 30 mM > 20 mM > 40 mM > 10 mM > 50 mM > 0 mM. Glc treatment augmented photosynthetic efficiency by elevating primary photochemistry, stomatal movement and conductance, internal CO 2 concentration, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate leading to enhanced synthesis of carbohydrate. A decline in photosynthesis at higher sugar accumulation was prevented by its utilization during respiration. Moreover, the activity of photosynthetic (rubisco and carbonic anhydrase) and respiratory enzymes (hexokinase, succinate dehydrogenase, and fumarase) also increased, which suggests that Glc-mediated growth promotion depends on the dynamics between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Generation of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activity, and elemental status, which affect the rate of photosynthesis, were also regulated in Glc-treated plants.
Co-constructive Veterinary Simulation: A Novel Approach to Enhancing Clinical Communication and Reflection Skills

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Interpersonal communication is critical in training, licensing, and post-graduate maintenance of certification in veterinary medicine. Simulation has a vital role in advancing these skills, but even sophisticated simulation models have pedagogic limitations. Specifically, with learning goals and case scenarios designed by instructors, interaction with simulated participants (SPs) can become performative or circumscribed to evaluative assessments. This article describes co-constructive veterinary simulation (CCVS), an adaptation of a novel approach to participatory simulation that centers on learner-driven goals and individually tailored scenarios. CCVS involves a first phase of scriptwriting, in which a learner collaborates with a facilitator and a professional actor in developing a client–patient case scenario. In a second phase, fellow learners have a blinded interaction with the SP-in-role, unaware of the underlying clinical situation. In the final part, all learners come together for a debriefing session centered on reflective practice. The authors provide guidelines for learners to gain maximal benefit from their participation in CCVS sessions and describe thematic possibilities to incorporate into the model, with specific case examples drawn from routine veterinary practice. Finally, the authors outline challenges and future directions toward implementing CCVS in veterinary medical education toward the ultimate goal of professional growth and co-evolution as veterinary practitioners.
RE-186 labeled 16.88 IgM and 88BV59 IgG human antibody studies to assess potential for radioimmunotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two studies with Re-186-MAG{sub 2}GABA labeled human antibodies were carried out to assess feasibility for radioimmunotherapy. Antibodies 16.88 and 88BV59 react with different epitopes of CTA 16.88, a tumor associated antigen of colorectal carcinoma. In a phase I dose escalation study, 14 patients received 60 mg/m{sup 2} 16.88 IgM MoAb. The dose of Re-186 ranged from 25 mCi/m{sup 2} to 210 mCi/m{sup 2} divided into 3 weekly infusions. In a pilot study with 88BV59, a human IgG3k MoAb, 20 mg antibody was labeled with 25 mCi/m{sup 2} Re-186 and administered to 4 patients with colon carcinoma. Tumor targeting was seen in 12 of 14 patients with 16.88 and all 4 patients with 88BV59. Retention of antibody at the tumor was longer with 88BV59. One patient developed a rash. No other acute or delayed toxicities were observed. Human anti-human antibody did not develop in any patient. The slower metabolism of the 88BV59 IgG suggests that this form of immunoconjugate merits further investigation for use in radioimmunotherapy.
Nano-particle based scattering layers for optical efficiency enhancement of organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of both organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OSC) depends on efficient coupling between optical far field modes and the emitting/absorbing region of the device. Current approaches towards OLEDs with efficient light-extraction often are limited to single-color emission or require expensive, non-standard substrates or top-down structuring, which reduces compatibility with large-area light sources. Here, we report on integrating solution-processed nano-particle based light-scattering films close to the active region of organic semiconductor devices. In OLEDs, these films efficiently extract light that would otherwise remain trapped in the device. Without additional external outcoupling structures, translucent white OLEDs containing these scattering films achieve luminous efficacies of 46 lm W−1 and external quantum efficiencies of 33% (both at 1000 cd m−2). These are by far the highest numbers ever reported for translucent white OLEDs and the best values in the open literature for any white device on a conventional substrate. By applying additional light-extraction structures, 62 lm W−1 and 46% EQE are reached. Besides universally enhancing light-extraction in various OLED configurations, including flexible, translucent, single-color, and white OLEDs, the nano-particle scattering film boosts the short-circuit current density in translucent organic solar cells by up to 70%.
The feed-out process: Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in thin, laser-driven foils

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Eight beams carrying a shaped pulse from the NOVA laser were focused into a hohlraum with a total energy of about 25 kJ. A planar foil was placed on the side of the hohlraum with perturbations facing away from the hohlraum. All perturbations were 4 {micro}m in amplitude and 50 {micro}m in wavelength. Three foils of pure aluminum were shot with thicknesses and pulse lengths respectively of 86 {micro}m and 2. 2 ns, 50 {micro}m and 4.5 ns, and 35 {micro}m with both 2.2 ns and 4. 5 ns pulses. Two composite foils constructed respectively of 32 and 84 {micro}m aluminum on the ablative side and 10 {micro}m beryllium on the cold surface were also shot using the 2.2 ns pulse. X-ray framing cameras recorded perturbation growth using both face- and side-on radiography. The LASNEX code was used to model the experiments. A shock wave interacted with the perturbation on the cold surface generating growth from a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and a strong acoustic mode. The cold surface perturbation fed-out to the Rayleigh-Taylor unstable ablation surface, both by differential acceleration and interface coupling, where it grew. A density jump did not appear to have a large effect on feed-out from interface coupling. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability`s vortex pairs overtook and reversed the direction of flow of the Richtmyer-Meshkov vortices, resulting in the foil moving from a sinuous to a bubble and spike configuration. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability may have acted as an ablative instability on the hot surface, and as a classical instability on the cold surface, on which grew second and third order harmonics.