jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ecological meadow communities with participation of species from sedge (Carex) family.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ecological meadow communities with participation of species from the Carex family are quite common in the region of Wielkopolska in river valleys characterized by high levels of ground waters. They are considered as naturally valuable areas and remain closest to natural environment. In general, they are of poor fodder value but have high natural value and the biomass obtained from them is utilized as energy raw material for production of briquette and pallets. Detailed investigations of ecological meadows with sedge participation were carried out during the 2009-2010 summer season in Wielkopolska Voivodeship in the Notec River valley. In the documented phytocenoses, in the course of analyses, the following parameters were determined: moisture sites, natural value, mean valorization number, natural values (according to valorization numbers) as well as valorization class and use value (Lwu). In addition, laboratory analyses of main parameters for selected sedge species such as: heat of combustion, calorific value measured in MJ/kg, moisture content and ash in % dry matter were determined. In the case of communities with a clear domination of Carex gracilis and Carex acutiformis, mean valorization numbers of 3.9 and 3.4, respectively, were recorded, their natural value was evaluated as high, whereas the valorization class was assessed as VIII (C) in both cases. The analysed phytocenoses were found to contain strictly protected species of Dactylorhiza majalis, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Lister Abbot, Viola and Helodium stagnina blandowii, as well as species under partial protection: Calliergonella cuspidata, Climacium dendroides, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus.
Costs and global impacts of black carbon abatement strategies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A C T Abatement of particulate matter has traditionally been driven by health concerns rather than its role in global warming.Here we assess future abatement strategies in terms of how much they reduce the climate impact of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) from contained combustion.We develop global scenarios which take into account regional differences in climate impact, costs of abatement and ability to pay, as well as both the direct and indirect (snow-albedo) climate impact of BC and OC.To represent the climate impact, we estimate consistent region-specific values of direct and indirect global warming potential (GWP) and global temperature potential (GTP).The indirect GWP has been estimated using a physical approach and includes the effect of change in albedo from BC deposited on snow.The indirect GWP is highest in the Middle East followed by Russia, Europe and North America, while the total GWP is highest in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia.We conclude that prioritizing emission reductions in Asia represents the most cost-efficient global abatement strategy for BC because Asia is (1) responsible for a large share of total emissions, (2) has lower abatement costs compared to Europe and North America and (3) has large health cobenefits from reduced PM 10 emissions.
Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren DW 6491

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: CD65637-A-1M-1Y-1M-1Y-0M
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: DW 6491
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1990
Other identifiers: n/a,DW6491, n/a,20IDSN168, n/a,GID 2352540, n/a,CID 320244 SID 5
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
Optimal Earth orbiting satellite constellations via a Pareto Genetic Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A Pareto Genetic Algorithm is applied to the design of satellite constellations. The Pareto Genetic Algorithm is a multi-objective optimizer that generates groups, or families, of optimal solutions. The technique developed in this paper combines the Pareto Genetic Algorithm with Satellite Tool Kit, a commercially available software package that performs satellite performance analyses, to produce a new powerful tool for designing optimal satellite constellations. Several constellations for continuous global coverage are presented.
Strategies for Achieving Compliance: Laboratory Developed Software

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Laboratories are innovating the latest advancements in technology. One type of technology that has gained traction and recognition in the past decade is medical device software. However, many laboratories and lab professionals are unfamiliar with the regulatory requirements of software and how to implement them. While thorough testing and evaluation of custom laboratory developed software is being completed, the proper validation and verification processes are not always in place. IEC 62304 – Medical device software- software lifecycle processes was created to define the processes, activities and tasks necessary in creating a safe and effective medical device software. The same principles found in IEC 62304 can be applied when designing and creating laboratory developed software. Laboratories utilizing or designing laboratory developed software, who are considering on entering regulated environments (i.e. FDA) should consider IEC 62304 as a strategy for achieving compliance.
How useful are malaria risk maps at the country level? Perceptions of decision-makers in Kenya, Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Declining malaria prevalence and pressure on external funding have increased the need for efficiency in malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Modelled Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate ( Pf PR) maps are increasingly becoming available and provide information on the epidemiological situation of countries. However, how these maps are understood or used for national malaria planning is rarely explored. In this study, the practices and perceptions of national decision-makers on the utility of malaria risk maps, showing prevalence of parasitaemia or incidence of illness, was investigated. Methods A document review of recent National Malaria Strategic Plans was combined with 64 in-depth interviews with stakeholders in Kenya, Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The document review focused on the type of epidemiological maps included and their use in prioritising and targeting interventions. Interviews (14 Kenya, 17 Malawi, 27 DRC, 6 global level) explored drivers of stakeholder perceptions of the utility, value and limitations of malaria risk maps. Results Three different types of maps were used to show malaria epidemiological strata: malaria prevalence using a Pf PR modelled map (Kenya); malaria incidence using routine health system data (Malawi); and malaria prevalence using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DRC). In Kenya the map was used to target preventative interventions, including long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), whilst in Malawi and DRC the maps were used to target in-door residual spraying (IRS) and LLINs distributions in schools. Maps were also used for operational planning, supply quantification, financial justification and advocacy. Findings from the interviews suggested that decision-makers lacked trust in the modelled Pf PR maps when based on only a few empirical data points (Malawi and DRC). Conclusions Maps were generally used to identify areas with high prevalence in order to implement specific interventions. Despite the availability of national level modelled Pf PR maps in all three countries, they were only used in one country. Perceived utility of malaria risk maps was associated with the epidemiological structure of the country and use was driven by perceived need, understanding (quality and relevance), ownership and trust in the data used to develop the maps.
An integrated storage space and berth allocation problem in a container terminal

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, an integrated storage space allocation and berth assignment problem is proposed for the import containers in a container terminal. This problem is adopted from a real-world situation, in which the type of container affects the decision-making process for the storage space allocation problem (SSAP). A two-level approach is proposed to solve this problem. The SSAP and the berth assignment problem are formulated as mathematical programming models in two consecutive levels. In the first level, the import containers are allocated to the storage blocks in order to minimise the storage/retrieval times of the containers. The vessels are then allocated to the berth locations in the second level according to the results obtained from the first level in order to minimise the total distance travelled by container handling equipments between the storage blocks and the vessel berth locations. The performance of the extended model is examined and verified by a number of numerical examples.
Diagnosis and surgical management of a fractured atlas in a cat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 6-month-old male-castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented shortly after being bitten on the neck by a large breed dog. On presentation the cat was non-ambulatory tetraparetic with preserved deep pain perception. Plain radiographs of the neck did not show any abnormalities. Computed tomography was performed and showed a right-sided depressed fracture of the dorsal lamina of the atlas. A partial dorsal laminectomy was performed to alleviate the spinal cord compression. The cat made a full recovery within 12 weeks of surgery.
Binding ability of Zn-tetraarylporphyrins with two, four and eight 4-(4-(3,6-bis(t-butyl)carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-1,2,3-triazole end groups towards N-containing substrates of different nature

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The binding ability of Zn-tetraarylporphyrins with two, four and eight 4-carbazolylphenyl-1,2,3-triazole end groups towards 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, pyridine and 1,2,3-triazole in toluene was studied by spectrophotometric and 1H NMR titration. It was determined that due to a good geometric match of the ligand size to the size of the intramolecular cavities of the porphyrinic receptor, and by the existence of additional π–π and/or hydrogen bonding interactions between the ligand and the triazole fragments of the porphyrin, the Zn-tetraarylporphyrin with eight 4-carbazolylphenyl-1,2,3-triazole end groups could be used as an effective receptor for 1,2,3-triazole and other small heterocycles such as pyridine. Taking into account the fact that binding is accompanied by a clear and easily identifiable response in the UV–vis spectra of the reaction mixture, this metalloporphyrin could be considered as a molecular optical sensing device for small heterocyclic substrates.
Comparison of Three Internal Fixation Constructs for AO/OTA 33-A3 Distal Femoral Fractures: A Biomechanical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To compare the biomechanical performance of three internal fixation constructs for AO/OTA 33-A3 distal femoral fractures. Methods: Thirty AO/OTA 33-A3 synthetic distal femoral fracture models were constructed and randomly divided into three groups. Group A (dual-plate construct) was fixed with a medial locking plate combined with a less invasive stabilization system (LISS). Group B was fixed with a retrograde femoral nail (RFN) combined with an LISS (RFN + LISS construct), and Group C was fixed with a retrograde tibial nail (RTN) combined with an LISS (RTN + LISS construct). The axial displacement, axial stiffness, torsional displacement, torsional stiffness and maximum failure load of different internal fixation constructs were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: In the axial compression test, the average stiffness of Group C was significantly higher than that of Groups A and B, and the average displacement of Group C was significantly smaller than that of Groups A and B. In the torsion test, the torsion degree of Group C was significantly lower than that of Groups A and B, and Group C had a higher torsional stiffness than Groups A and B. In the axial compression failure test, the average ultimate load (a displacement greater than 5 mm) of Group C was significantly higher than that of Groups A and B. Conclusion: The biomechanical strength of the RTN combined with a plate is higher than that of the RFN combined with plate and dual-plate constructs, which can be used as an internal fixation option for the treatment of comminuted distal femoral fractures.
A quadruple knockout of lasIR and rhlIR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 that retains wild-type twitching motility has equivalent infectivity and persistence to PAO1 in a mouse model of lung infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

It has been widely reported that quorum-sensing incapable strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are less virulent than wild type strains. However, quorum sensing mutants of P. aeruginosa have been shown to develop other spontaneous mutations under prolonged culture conditions, and one of the phenotypes of P. aeruginosa that is frequently affected by this phenomenon is type IV pili-dependent motility, referred to as twitching motility. As twitching motility has been reported to be important for adhesion and colonisation, we aimed to generate a quorum-sensing knockout for which the heritage was recorded and the virulence factor production in areas unrelated to quorum sensing was known to be intact. We created a lasIRrhlIR quadruple knockout in PAO1 using a published technique that allows for the deletion of antibiotic resistance cartridges following mutagenesis, to create an unmarked QS knockout of PAO1, thereby avoiding the need for use of antibiotics in culturing, which can have subtle effects on bacterial phenotype. We phenotyped this mutant demonstrating that it produced reduced levels of protease and elastase, barely detectable levels of pyoverdin and undetectable levels of the quorum sensing signal molecules N-3-oxododecanoly-L-homoserine lactone and N-butyryl homoserine lactone, but retained full twitching motility. We then used a mouse model of acute lung infection with P. aeruginosa to demonstrate that the lasIRrhlIR knockout strain showed equal persistence to wild type parental PAO1, induced equal or greater neutrophil infiltration to the lungs, and induced similar levels of expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and similar antibody responses, both in terms of magnitude and isotype. Our results suggest, in contrast to previous reports, that lack of quorum sensing alone does not significantly affect the immunogenicity, infectiveness and persistence of P. aeruginosa in a mouse model of acute lung infection.
Impact of Retrotransposons in Pluripotent Stem

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Retrotransposons, which constitute approximately 40 % of the human genome, have the capacity to ‘jump ’ across the genome. Their mobility contributes to oncogenesis, evolu-tion, and genomic plasticity of the host genome. Induced pluripotent stem cells as well as embryonic stem cells are more susceptible than differentiated cells to genomic ab-errations including insertion, deletion and duplication. Recent studies have revealed specific behaviors of retro-transposons in pluripotent cells. Here, we review recent progress in understanding retrotransposons and provide a perspective on the relationship between retrotransposons and genomic variation in pluripotent stem cells.
Theoretical Concepts and the Emerging Role of Taxanes in Adjuvant Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The proven benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy on disease-free and overall survival in breast cancer can be explained by concepts of cell kill. Interventions which result in greater log kill can be expected to produce improved clinical results. The application of log-kill concepts to human breast cancer growth, which appears to follow Gompertzian kinetics, suggests not only that the use of non-cross-resistant drugs is important, but that dose-dense schedules may have an advantage over conventional schedules of drug administration. Sequential therapy may allow dose-dense administration of cytotoxic agents and encourage the integration of new biological agents into combination regimens, particularly with the taxanes. Ongoing trials in these concepts are reviewed.
Basic fibroblast growth factor in atria and ventricles of the vertebrate heart.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extracts from atrial and ventricular heart tissue of several species (chicken, rat, sheep, and cow) are strongly mitogenic for chicken skeletal myoblasts, with the highest apparent concentration of biological activity in the atrial extracts. Using several approaches (biological activity assay and biochemical and immunological analyses), we have established that (a) all cardiac extracts contain an 18,000-D peptide which is identified as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) since it elutes from heparin-Sepharose columns at salt concentrations greater than 1.4 M and is recognized by bFGF-specific affinity-purified antibodies; (b) bFGF is more abundant in the atrial extracts in all species so examined; (c) avian cardiac tissue extracts contain the highest concentration of immunoreactive bFGF; and (d) avian ventricles contain a higher relative molecular mass (23,000-D) bFGF-like peptide which is absent from atrial extracts. Examination of frozen bovine cardiac tissue sections by indirect immunofluorescence using anti-bFGF antibodies shows bFGF-like reactivity associated with nuclei and intercalated discs of muscle fibers. There is substantial accumulation of bFGF around atrial but not ventricular myofibers, resulting most likely from more extensive endomysium in the atria. Blood vessels and single, nonmuscle, connective tissue cells react strongly with the anti-bFGF antibodies. Higher bFGF content and pericellular distribution in atrial muscles suggest a correlation with increased regenerative potential in this tissue. Distribution within the myofibers is intriguing, raising the possibility for an intimate and continuous involvement of bFGF-like components with normal myocardial function.
Low frequency sounds in dwellings: a case control study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the level and spectral distribution of low frequency (LF) sounds in dwellings.Measurements of broad and narrow band sound levels have been made in 36 Dutch dwellings in 1998.In 19 dwellings there were complaints about LF noise, in 17 others no complaints had been reported.According to measured broad band and spectral levels complainants' dwellings can be divided into three categories with 'considerable ', 'some' and 'no' LF sound.Measured levels and scores on proposed LF noise criteria in complainants' dwellings as a group however are not significantly different from dwellings without complaints.In cases' dwellings more narrow band LF components are present, but on average at a lower level compared to controls' dwellings.
Ultrafast Maximum‐Quantum NMR Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Aromatic Mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Maximum‐quantum (MaxQ) NMR experiments have been introduced to overcome issues related to peak overlap and high spectral density in the NMR spectra of aromatic mixtures. In MaxQ NMR, spin systems are separated on the basis of the highest‐quantum coherence that they can form. MaxQ experiments are however time consuming and methods have been introduced to accelerate them. In this article, we demonstrate the ultrafast, single‐scan acquisition of MaxQ NMR spectra using spatial encoding of the multiple‐quantum dimension. So far, the spatial encoding methodology has been applied only for the encoding of up to double‐quantum coherences, and here we show that it can be extended to higher coherence orders, to yield a massive reduction of the acquisition time of multi‐quantum spectra of aromatic mixtures, and also to monitor chemical reactions.
Lemuel J. Hopkin-James, chancellor of Llandaff. The Celtic Gospels, their story and their text. Oxford, University Press, 1934

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vendryes Joseph. Lemuel J. Hopkin-James, chancellor of Llandaff. The Celtic Gospels, their story and their text. Oxford, University Press, 1934. In: Etudes Celtiques, vol. 1, fascicule 1, 1936. pp. 167-169.
Kajian Evaluasi Pengoperasian Angkutan Pemadu Moda Di Bandara Hang Nadim Batam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ha11g Nadim Airport began operations on August 9, 1965, located in Big Stone area about 20 km from downtown Batam can accommodate 18 (eighteen) wide-bodied aircraft like Boeing 767 and has the lo11gest runway in Indonesia which is 4025 meters. Movement of passengers 011 m.•erage 6,000 people/day, with 42 flights/day. To improve air transport services after getting of the plane tawards the ultimate goal, the Hang Nadim Airport in cooperation with PT. Dmnri in order to improve services, especially for passenger air transportation that will melajutkan journey towards the ultimate goal in Batam that is by adding alloying modes of transport other than taxis and motor vehicle (motorcycle taxis). Damri buses started operating on December 5, 2008, and is still running but not according to what was expected because as the location of parking too far from the gate making it difficult for passengers to board buses and schedules refe1Ted to (headway) and things that can diapstikan this is because the number of bus fleet is too small. To peninkgatan services necessary to the addition of the bus fleet and the addition of routes I new routes, especially to human settlements in the area of Batam.
Medical students’ attitudes toward communication skills learning: comparison between two groups with and without training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Roger Ruiz Moral,1,2 Cristina García de Leonardo,1,2 Fernando Caballero Martínez,1,2 Diana Monge Martín1,2 1Communication Skills Unit, 2Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain Objective: The value students give to communication skills (CS), acquiring them, or other related matters can influence the effectiveness of educational programs. In this study, we explored first and fourth year medical students’ attitudes toward CS and their learning, assessing the possible influence they have on programmed experiential training in a medical school. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and twenty first and fourth year medical students completed the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale, analyzing the positive and negative, and affective and cognitive attitude subscales toward learning. Results: Fourth year students trained in CS showed less positive attitudes toward CS than first year untrained students. Cognitive and affective attitudes displayed different patterns in both groups; while affective attitudes decreased in fourth year students, cognitive attitudes did not vary significantly between groups. Accumulated learning experiences seem to be more influential than sex. Conclusion: The findings suggest that students’ attitudes toward CS could decline as a result of CS training. Nevertheless, students’ attitudes at the cognitive and fundamental level stay fairly unchanged. Learning CS with experiential methods seems to be challenging for students at a personal level; so, educators should personalize these methods as much as possible. However, further studies using longitudinal research designs should be performed for exploring students’ attitudes changes over time. Keywords: medical education, communication skills, medical students, experiential learning, students’ attitudes