jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neutropenic enterocolitis and multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization in lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: There is little iterature data regarding neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) development after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome of NE after auto-HCT in NHL patients with respect to the impact of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRG) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization on the early outcome after auto-HCT. Material and methods: This retrospective single-center analysis included a total of 65 NHL patients who underwent auto-HCT after BEAM (BCNU, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, melphalan) conditioning (BEAM-auto-HCT). Results: NE was diagnosed in nine (13.8%) patients, a median four days after auto-HCT. In 6/9 (66%) patients, septic shock following NE was diagnosed. In univariate analysis, MDRG colonization before BEAM-auto-HCT was the only factor significant for NE development [odds ratio (OR) 2.4 (1.14–5.0), p = 0.027], although this was not confirmed in multivariate analysis. Additionally, NE [OR 5.2 (1.9–13.9), p = 0.001] and MDRG colonization prior to transplant [OR 2.7 (1.0–7.0), p = 0.041] were independent factors for septic shock development. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that NHL patients presenting with MDRG colonization before transplant should be kept under careful surveillance because of the high risk of the development of early severe infectious complications, including abdominal ones.
Word association in aphasics.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Word association test which consisted of 108 stimulus words, was undertaken in 27 aphasic patients (6 Wernicke's aphasics, 10 Broca's aphasics and 11 anomics). The data were compared with that of normal subjects8). The results were as follows : 1) There was a tendency for aphasics to give association word whose part of speech was the same as that of stimulus words. 2) Anomics was the top group that coincided with normal subjects8) in association words, followed by Broca's aphasics and Wernicke's aphasics. 3) Aphasics had a tendency to give the association words that were antonymous to the stimulus words. And the frequency of antonymous words was higher in aphasics than in normal subjects. 4) The unconventional responses appeared in aphasics. Examples of these were : association words whose sound or letter resembles that of stimulus word ; association words making a reference to the experience of subject himself. 5) It was suggested that aphasics, once got a pattern of response, were apt to repeat the pattern in word association.
Concentration Distribution in the Centre Plane of a Ventilated Room Under Isothermal Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a series of fill-scale measurements of the concentration distribution in the centre plane of a room with isothermaI mixing ventilation. Vertical projiles of the concentration in the middle of the room have been measured under different conditions. With the contamination source in the middle of the room the vertical profiles were changed radically with an increase of the air change rate from n = 1.5h−1 to n = 6h−1 due to a change in the flow structure in the room. With a constant air change rate, the location of the contamination source in the room showed a great influence on the vertical profile. A high velocity around the contamination source resulted in a uniform contaminant distribution in the room, while a low velocity resulted in considerable differences. Contours of concentration in the centre plane of the room have been measured using different contaminant densities. The densities were low, neutral and high in relation to the density of air. The results showed that the contaminant distribution in the room with the chosen flow conditions depended strongly on the contaminant density, and that the high density case gave the highest concentrations in the occupied zone.
Comment on: A case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by two opportunistic infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dear Editor, I read with interest the article entitled “A case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by two opportunistic infections” by Kavandi et al1 The genus Nocardia is normal soil micro-flora and causes various infections (nocardiosis) in humans.2 I have 3 comments about this article: 1. The gold standard for nocardiosis identification is isolation and culture of the micro-organism2 and radiologic findings or direct microscopy examination of specimens is not appropriate for accurate identification. 2. In Actinobacteria phylum, other genera such as non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (NTM), Gordonia, Tsukamurella, Rhodococcus, and etc. have mycolic acids in their cell walls that are positive in modified acid-fast staining similar to Nocardia species.2-5 3. Although co-trimoxazole has been used for nocardiosis treatment, some Nocardia species are resistant to these agents. Therefore, accurate identification at the species level and antibacterial susceptibility testing (AST) is necessary. Further, several articles have reported patients with nocardiosis treated with co-trimoxazole developing a hypersensitivity reaction.2, 6, 7
Symbols and the culture of memory in Republika Srpska Krajina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines how rebel Serbs in Croatia reinterpreted narratives of World War Two to justify their uprising against the democratically elected Croatian government in 1990 and gain domestic and international legitimacy for the Republika Srpska Krajina (RSK) parastate. While scholars have written about the strategies nationalist elites used regarding controversial symbols and the rehabilitation of World War Two collaborators in Croatia and other Yugoslav successor states, the RSK's “culture of memory” has received little attention. Based on documents captured after the RSK's defeat in 1995, this article shows that it was not only the government of Franjo Tudjman that rejected the Partisan narratives of “Brotherhood and Unity,” but a parallel process took place among the leadership in the Krajina. Ultimately the decision to base the historical foundations of the Croatian Serbs’ political goals on a chauvinist and extremist interpretation of the past resulted in a criminalized entity that ended tragically for both Serbs and Croats living on the territory of the RSK.
Shape defect detection for product quality inspection and monitoring system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an automated computer vision system of shape defect detection for product quality inspection and monitoring system. Soft drink bottle is used as a tested product for the proposed system. The analysis framework includes data collection, pre-processing, morphological operation, feature extraction, and classification. Morphological operation technique is used to segment the image of the bottle via erosion and dilation process. Through this technique, the defect in the bottle structure is described from the feature set such as area, perimeter, major axis length and extend. Then, the bottle is classified either it is pass or rejects from the estimated parameters using Naïve Bayes classifier. The results have proven that the proposed system can be applied to differentiate bottle according to shape with 100% accuracy using 100 samples.
Key Points in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our target point within this following steps, is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is classified structurally, by its Gleason Score. Phosphatases are implicated in differents cell alterations, including proliferation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. In specific life circumstances, proteins are regulators with implications in intracellular signaling pathways. Alterations in phosphatases functionality represent a key point in malignancy development. We try within our description, to focus on an important process refering to dysregulation of phosphatase activity. More than, we will discuss therapeutic key points refering to compounds that inhibits phosphatase proteins with implications in carcinogenesis. Researchers try to investigate and to conclude on prostate cancer using also genomic analyses, clinically useful biomarkers and imagistic methods. So finally after folowing describtion steps, purposed aim is to conclude on prostate cancer and different key points abordation.
Unorthodox homes in Pablo Trapero's "Leonera" (2008) and "El Clan" (2015): shattered lives, political selves

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pablo Trapero's directorship and production-related projects continuously reinforce his prolific presence and cultural importance on national and international levels. His filmography thus far-Mundo grita (1999), El bonaerense (2002), Familia rodante (2004), Nacido y criado (2006), Leonera (2008), Carancho (2010), Elefante blanco (2012), El clan (2015), and La quietud (2018)-is as diverse thematically as it is aesthetically multifaceted. Although they tackle it differently, El clan and Leonera share a common theme, for they feature broken homes in literal and emotional ways. At the same time, the fragmentation of what might be considered relatively typical family homes in Leonera and El clan is accompanied by the subtle formation, with different degrees of success, of alternative home settings. By spotlighting places and spaces that are typically viewed as uncommon, unsafe, or hostile to home-like possibilities-namely, prisons, wilderness settings, and athletic clubs-this essay conceptualizes the notion of unorthodox homes as a mode of political commitment in Leonera and El clan. The emergence of unorthodox homes in Trapero's films stems from his protagonists' rebellions against what has constituted their homes in culturally normative ways. Consequently, the manifestation of unorthodox homes can be viewed as a mode of political commitment precisely since it challenges the ways in which the films' protagonists expressed their sense of self initially, pushing them to reimagine their socioemotional relations within and toward distinct home-like places frequently and in agenţie ways. More importantly, unorthodox homes in these two films are intimately linked to the inevitable multi-directionality of one's identity, particularly if we recall Iris M. Young's discussions of the interconnection of identity and home in Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy, and Policy. Building on Young's observation about the relationships home, identity, and politics can engender, this essay examines unorthodox homes as territories for protagonists' inter-relational recalibrations of social and emotional belongingness, which then facilitate their political possibilities in direct or subtle ways.
Genotypes by environment effect on flowering and seed set in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz in Uganda

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production has been constrained by biotic and abiotic factors, which could be solved by conventional breeding. However, cassava hybridization is difficult because many genotypes do not flower or set seeds and yet cassava sexual reproduction is essential for breeding programs. Consequently, this study was undertaken to identify agro ecologies in Uganda that best promote cassava flowering and seed set in order to facilitate breeding. Field evaluation of eight genotypes in randomized complete block design with three replications at three agro-ecologies of Uganda for two cropping seasons was conducted. Weather data were monitored and cassava flowering/seed set-related traits were collected at one-month interval commencing from 1.5 Months after planting. Results indicated that varieties previously categorized as high flowering and seed set performed differently than those identified as poor flowering and seed set, although with varying genotypic differences in each environment. Genotypes mean performances, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction and genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction bi-plots model’ results indicated Rwebitaba in Western savannah grassland agro-ecology and Namulonge-NaCRRI in Lake Victoria Crescent agro-ecology as the most favorable environments for the performance of all the evaluated traits, and season one as the most favorable season. However, the most stable environment for all the evaluated traits was Abi-ZARDI. Conclusively, the high proportion of variation which occurred between genotypes and environments was explained by the genotypic variances. Dry months had poorer cassava flower initiation and development than wet months of the cropping season. Therefore, Abi-ZARDI in North-western savannah grassland agro-ecology and season one could be recommended for the establishment and timing of cassava breeding nursery.
Police as Gatekeepers: Pretrial Release Decision-Making in South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Extensive research has examined factors influencing pretrial release decisions, particularly in Western judicial contexts. However, it remains unclear whether these findings apply to different criminal justice settings, particularly in South Korea, where police officers, not judges, determine suspect release. Using data from 1433 money mule arrests in Seoul (2018–2021), this study analyzes suspect- and police station-level determinants of release decisions. Results indicate that legal factors (criminal record, financial damage) and extralegal factors (gender, nationality) significantly influence release. Female and Korean suspects were more likely to be released, while those with prior records or greater financial damage were less likely to be released. Police station size and caseload showed no significant effects. Despite South Korea’s centralized police structure, substantial variation in release decisions across stations suggests that informal discretion plays a critical role. These findings underscore the need for standardized frameworks to promote consistency and reduce demographic disparities in pretrial release.
Exploiting More Information in Sparse Point Cloud for 3D Single Object Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

3D single object tracking is a key task in 3D computer vision. However, the sparsity of point clouds makes it difficult to compute the similarity and locate the object, posing big challenges to the 3D tracker. Previous works tried to solve the problem and improved the tracking performance in some common scenarios, but they usually failed in some extreme sparse scenarios, such as for tracking objects at long distances or partially occluded. To address the above problems, in this letter, we propose a sparse-to-dense and transformer-based framework for 3D single object tracking. First, we transform the 3D sparse points into 3D pillars and then compress them into 2D BEV features to have a dense representation. Then, we propose an attention-based encoder to achieve global similarity computation between template and search branches, which could alleviate the influence of sparsity. Meanwhile, the encoder applies the attention on multi-scale features to compensate for the lack of information caused by the sparsity of point cloud and the single scale of features. Finally, we use set-prediction to track the object through a two-stage decoder which also utilizes attention. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves very promising results on the KITTI and NuScenes datasets.
Development of ARCADIA: a tool for assessing the quality of peer-review reports in biomedical research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To develop a tool to assess the quality of peer-review reports in biomedical research. Methods We conducted an online survey intended for biomedical editors and authors. The survey aimed to (1) determine if participants endorse the proposed definition of peer-review report quality; (2) identify the most important items to include in the final version of the tool and (3) identify any missing items. Participants rated on a 5-point scale whether an item should be included in the tool and they were also invited to comment on the importance and wording of each item. Principal component analysis was performed to examine items redundancy and a general inductive approach was used for qualitative data analysis. Results A total of 446 biomedical editors and authors participated in the survey. Participants were mainly male (65.9%), middle-aged (mean=50.3, SD=13) and with PhD degrees (56.4%). The majority of participants (84%) agreed on the definition of peer-review report quality we proposed. The 20 initial items included in the survey questionnaire were generally highly rated with a mean score ranging from 3.38 (SD=1.13) to 4.60 (SD=0.69) (scale 1–5). Participants suggested 13 items that were not included in the initial list of items. A steering committee composed of five members with different expertise discussed the selection of items to include in the final version of the tool. The final checklist includes 14 items encompassed in five domains (Importance of the study, Robustness of the study methods, Interpretation and discussion of the study results, Reporting and transparency of the manuscript, Characteristics of peer reviewer’s comments). Conclusion Assessment of Review reports with a Checklist Available to eDItors and Authors tool could be used regularly by editors to evaluate the reviewers’ work, and also as an outcome when evaluating interventions to improve the peer-review process.
First-in-Human Pilot Study of Implantation of a Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Construct Generated From Autologous Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Repair of Knee Chondral Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Articular cartilage has limited healing capacity, owing in part to poor vascularity and innervation. Once injured, it cannot be repaired, typically leading to high risk for developing osteoarthritis. Thus, cell-based and/or tissue-engineered approaches have been investigated; however, no approach has yet achieved safety and regenerative repair capacity via a simple implantation procedure. Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of using a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from autologous synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for effective cartilage repair. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Five patients with symptomatic knee chondral lesions (1.5-3.0 cm 2 ) on the medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, or femoral groove were included. Synovial MSCs were isolated from arthroscopic biopsy specimens and cultured to develop a TEC that matched the lesion size. The TECs were then implanted into chondral defects without fixation and assessed up to 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the safety of the procedure. Secondary outcomes were self-assessed clinical scores, arthroscopy, tissue biopsy, and magnetic resonance image–based estimation of morphologic and compositional quality of the repair tissue. Results: No adverse events were recorded, and self-assessed clinical scores for pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports activity, and quality of life were significantly improved at 24 months after surgery. Secure defect filling was confirmed by second-look arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging in all cases. Histology of biopsy specimens indicated repair tissue approaching the composition and structure of hyaline cartilage. Conclusion: Autologous scaffold-free TEC derived from synovial MSCs may be used for regenerative cartilage repair via a sutureless and simple implantation procedure. Registration: 000008266 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number).
Prospective/intentional memory and aging: Memory as adaptive action

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Something very complex and at the same time very common happened to all the authors of the chapters in this book. All of them managed to arrive at the Talland memorial conference. A number of things could have stood in the way of that arrival, and if they had, the participants would never have convened to produce these chapters. One of those things is a sort of memory. To get the flavor of this sort of memory, imagine that you are going on a trip. Think for a moment about some of the many memory-related things you need to do to accomplish that. You need to remember to plan your trip, or to get someone to do that. You need to prepare your house and spouse and children and cats and office for your departure. You need to remember to wash your socks and to bring those clean socks in a wellpacked suitcase. And you need to remember when and how to return home again.
Rooms Without Walls: Young Children Draw Objects But Not Layouts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Drawing is an epitome of uniquely human expression, with few known limits beyond those of our perceptual and motor systems and the cultures in and for which we draw. The present study evaluates whether the drawings of young children nevertheless reveal an early emerging bias in the depiction of two different foundational spatial categories: layouts and objects. Across two experiments following preregistered designs and analysis plans, 4-year-old children either sat in a colorful “fort” or looked at a small “toy” version of the fort and were asked to draw exactly what they saw. Children’s drawings often omitted the walls composing the fort’s layout but included the corresponding object parts of the toy. Symbolic representations of space in young children’s drawings thus privilege small-scale objects over large and fixed layout geometry. A distinction between the intuitive geometries of layouts and objects leads to their differential treatment in both humans and other animals during everyday navigation. This distinction may also underlie the differential treatment of layouts and objects in children’s drawings.
Role of natural killer T cells in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenesis of bronchial asthma(asthma),a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways,has not been fully understood.Currently,it is generally accepted that Th1/Th2 immune imbalance and Th2 predominant immunity are the basis of chronic inflammation in asthma,which is simultaneously regulated by regulatory T cells.However,the paradigm of Th2 predominant immunity cannot explain all aspects of pathogenic mechanisms.Recent studies have suggested that other T cell subtypes,such as natural killer(NK)T cells and Th17 cells,may play an important role in asthma.In this review,we discuss the roles and mechanisms of NKT cells in regulating the development of asthma in order to provide beneficial clue to find new therapies.