jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary fibrosis modulation by mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: The lesions of the pulmonary fibrosis (PF) directly involve changes in epithelial and endothelial compartment. Recent research has shown that there is a beneficial effect of the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in tissue and vascular pulmonary repair. Our objective was to investigate the role of MSC and conditioned medium (CM) in new pathophysiological insights of remodeling in PF. Design: 40 male Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups in D0, orotracheal instillation of bleomycin or saline solution was performed; in D10, caudal vein infusion by MSC or CM was injected. In D14 or D21 they were euthanized. The expression of proteins in oxidative stress (NOS), pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic (IL17 and TGF-B) and pro-angiogenic cytokines (VEGF and endothelin) were evaluate by immunohistochemistry. Deposition of type I and V collagen were analysed by immunofluorescence. Results: MSC and CM treatment have induced: decreased NOS, endothelin and IL-17 expression; no myofibroblastic activation by downexpression of TGFbeta; recovery of collagen deposition and lung remodeling; improve of clinical parameters (survival and respiratory rate) and resolution of inflammation process. Conclusion: Therapies with MSC and CM were effective in modulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic process in a IL-17/Type V Collagen and myofibroblastic activation manner. Endothelial cells may be a critical role in tissue lung repair and recovery in PF.
Exploring Classification, Size, and Quality of Mangifera Indica L. Through Image Processing and AI Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces methods for efficiently classifying mangoes intended for export, a market valued at approximately 4,500 million baht annually. The classification process is divided into two primary components: size categorization and quality assessment. The first phase involves categorizing mango sizes into four distinct categories (M, 1L, 2L, 3L), while the second phase focuses on assessing mango quality, particularly detecting anthracnose—a prevalent disease affecting mangoes. This detection is achieved through image processing techniques, where images are converted into binary representations and analyzed using both Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Comparative analysis reveals that CNN outperforms ANN in size classification, achieving a remarkable train accuracy of 99.16% and a test accuracy of 88.0%. Furthermore, in quality classification, CNN demonstrates a train accuracy of 91.0% and a test accuracy of 88.0%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of CNN techniques in accurately classifying mangoes for export, thereby facilitating improved quality control and market competitiveness.
The effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in elderly people: A systematic review based on near-infrared spectroscopy technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To systematically evaluate the application of near-infrared spectroscopy technology in the study of the effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in elderly people. Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science core database, ScienceDirect, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI from 2014 to June 2023, and relevant data were extracted. A total of 1 valid literature was obtained, published in 2022, sourced from the medical journal FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH, with an impact factor of 6.46. This journal belongs to JCR Q1 area, and the SCI basic version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is in the Q3 area of medicine. The inclusion criteria for the subjects of this study were age 60 years, experience of Baduanjin exercise for 3 years, and MMSE score 24 points. This study, based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology, explores the effects of Baduanjin imagery and Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in elderly people. Baduanjin exercise can increase brain connectivity, improve brain structural connections, and enhance brain function in elderly people. These three factors are also the main reasons for Baduanjin exercise to promote the improvement of cognitive function, including increasing brain gray matter volume, brain functional area connections, etc. Baduanjin exercise can improve specific cognitive functions by increasing gray matter volume. Baduanjin exercise can regulate the functional connections of the cognitive control network in elderly people and improve their memory.
Student engagement in an online course and its impact on student success

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While much has been written about student engagement and its linkage to positive student outcomes—such as higher-order thinking, improved grades, and increased retention and graduation rates in traditional settings—little, if any, research has been done to connect student engagement and online student success. Learning Management Systems (LMSs) have the ability to measure student engagement by tracking frequency of logins, frequency of page visits, and frequency of discussion forum views, posts, and replies. Equally important, students who are aware of their levels of engagement compared to those levels measured by an LMS can self-monitor their progress and prevent the likelihood of failing a course. This initial exploratory study sought to determine whether relationships exist between students’ perceived level of engagement and students’ actual level of engagement as measured by an LMS, students’ perceived level of engagement and student success, and students’ actual level of engagement as measured by an LMS and student success. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine type and strength of relationships. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to recruit 38 respondents. Data showed that meaningful findings, which yielded statistically significant, modest or moderate positive partial relationships, occurred in the discussion forums. There were moderate positive relationships between students’ perceived level of engagement and frequency of discussion forum posts and replies, students’ perceived level of total engagement and student success, and students’ frequency of discussion forum views, posts, and replies, and student success. This initial exploratory study is useful in helping to refine future studies and learning more about student engagement levels in an online course and its relationship to positive student outcomes. Results can potentially help administrators and educators in making data-based decisions, and help students self-monitor engagement levels to improve student learning.
MONEY AND PRODUCT QUALITY UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the effects of money on product quality, as well as the price pattern of heterogeneous quality goods, in a search‐theoretical monetary model with divisible money and divisible commodities. We establish the existence and uniqueness/multiplicity of monetary equilibrium in several different cases. The steady‐state equilibrium of our model displays several properties that are absent or distinct from those of previous studies. In particular, we find that under egalitarian bargaining, the Friedman rule cannot achieve socially efficient allocation due to asymmetric information. We find that the price of informed high‐quality goods is higher than the price of uninformed quality goods. We also find that an increase in inflation can improve product quality. ( JEL E40)
Family and Nonfamily Components of Social Support as Buffers of Stress for College Women1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two samples of college women ( N = 273 and N = 99) were administered a stress inventory, a social support scale, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Separate measures of family and nonfamily social support were obtained as well as separate measures of types of social support: social availability, tangible support, information/guidance, and emotional support. With the total symptom score used as the dependent variable, nonfamily social support showed a clear buffering effect on life stress in both samples, whereas family social support showed significant buffering only in Sample 2. Multiple regression analyses indicated that nonfamily emotional support was more effective as a buffer than family social support in both samples. There were no clear differences among the types of social support in their buffering effectiveness All four symptom subscales showed buffering trends, but depression was the only subscale that was significantly buffered in both samples by nonfamily social support. The greater effectiveness of nonfamily social support as a buffer of stress is discussed in terms of the possible greater availablity, both physically and psychologically, of nonfamily friends for late adolescent and young adult women.
MiR-130a protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced glomerular cell injury by upregulation of Klotho.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

These findings demonstrated that miR-130a promoted PI3K/AKT pathway but inhibited Wnt and NF-κB pathways through upregulation of Klotho. Furthermore, miR-130a protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced glomerular cell injury by upregulating Klotho expression.
Effective Primary Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Neonates via Moisturizer Application: Protocol for a Randomized, Blinded, Parallel, Three-Group, Phase II Trial (PAF Study)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory skin disease that causes health-related burdens associated with pruritus and poor quality of life. Our previous study demonstrated that moisturizer (2e) application has a primary preventive effect on AD. However, this effect was not observed in recent randomized control trials. Thus, the ideal moisturizer type and application frequency for preventing AD development in infants remains unclear. We hypothesize that twice daily application of moisturizer is more effective than once daily application. We predict that applying sufficient amounts of high-quality moisturizer may be effective for preventing AD development in neonates and infants. Here, we describe a protocol for comparing the efficacy of twice daily and once daily application of Fam's Baby™ moisturizer and once daily application of 2e moisturizer for preventing AD in neonates. Methods This study is a single-center, three-parallel group, assessor-blind, superiority, individually randomized, controlled, phase II trial. Sixty newborns with at least one parent or sibling who has had AD is randomly assigned to application of Fam's Baby twice daily, Fam's Baby once daily, or 2e once daily in a 1:1:1 ratio until 32 weeks old. The primary outcome is the time to the first onset of AD during administration of the moisturizer. Discussion This is the first phase II randomized, controlled trial in Japan to estimate how effective the twice daily or once daily application of Fam's Baby moisturizer is in preventing AD compared to the once daily application of 2e moisturizer. In this study, we will use 2e once daily as a control to confirm the efficacy for primary prevention of AD as found in our previous trial. Based on the results of this study, we hope to conduct a phase III study to determine the optimal method for preventing AD via moisturizer application. Evaluation of application of moisturizers for preventing AD in this study is expected to contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of AD and a reduction in health care costs. Trial registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT); ID: jRCTs031200070.
Determinants of Defined-Contribution Japanese Corporate Pension Coverage

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Following the collapse of the Japanese financial bubble during the 1990s, Japanese corporations came to be saddled with increasingly large underfunded pension obligations. The gap between the level of retirement benefit promised and the market performance of retirement funds widened alarmingly, adding to the sense of corporate financial malaise during the “lost decade” that followed the market collapse. Partly in response, the passage of new corporate pension legislations in 2001 introduced the so-called defined-contribution pension plans whereby corporations were allowed to establish retirement plans on behalf of their employees on a voluntary basis whereby the terms of the retirement benefit were no longer defined in advance as in the traditional plans, but instead were conditioned on the actual performance of managed retirement funds. Only the periodic premium contributions to the plan during the employee’s active working life were now defined. This paper investigates the empirical determinants of the Japanese corporate decision to newly adopt the defined-contribution (DC) pension plans. Among the key findings of the paper are that the likelihood of adopting a new DC plan increases with an increase in the size of the firm, and that it decreases with an increase in the extent of underfunding of the firm’s existing defined-benefit (DB) pension plan, in sharp contrast to the American corporate incidence of DC pension.
EXPLORING VARIABILITY AMONG QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AUDITORS WHEN RATING THE SEVERITY OF AUDIT FINDINGS AT A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A reliable quality assurance (QA) function in the nuclear environment is underpinned by the effective identification of risk, and by effective decision-making processes in relation to the risk identified. The need for competent auditors who are able to remain objective and independent at all times forms a critical component of this process. This exploratory study sought to determine reasons for the noted inconsistency among auditors when rating the severity of audit findings, and to provide recommendations to reduce this variability. The Delphi technique, a structured process to gather information from a panel of experts, was adopted to enable multiple iterations of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis, in an attempt to mimic the elements of a sequential exploratory strategy related to a mixed method methodology.
227-OR: Disruption of Adipocyte YAP Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Mice and Decreases Adipose Tissue Fibrosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adipose tissue is a dynamic metabolic organ that is essential for the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Dysfunctional adipose tissue hypertrophy with obesity is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance underlying type 2 diabetes. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) is a transcription cofactor important in the Hippo signaling pathway. However, the role of YAP in adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis is unknown. To understand the role of YAP in vivo under metabolic stress conditions, we assessed how increased weight and insulin resistance impact YAP protein levels. We found that YAP protein levels increase in adipose tissue in humans with type 2 diabetes and mouse models. This suggests that YAP signaling may contribute to adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance under metabolic stress conditions. To further investigate the role of YAP in adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis in vivo, we developed adipose tissue-specific YAP knockout (YAP-KO) mice and placed them on either chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 12-14 weeks. On an HFD, adipose tissue YAP-KO mice show improved glucose tolerance compared to controls. Perigonadal fat pad weight was also decreased in knockout animals, with smaller adipocyte size. Adipose tissue fibrosis and gene expression associated with fibrosis was decreased in vivo and in 3T3-L1 cells treated with a YAP inhibitor. Together, these data indicate that YAP is increased in adipose tissue with weight gain and insulin resistance. Disruption of YAP in adipocytes improves glucose tolerance and adipose tissue fibrosis; suggesting that YAP plays an important role in adipose tissue and modulating glucose homeostasis under metabolic stress conditions. Disclosure D.Han: None. R.Aslam: None. T.Ojha: n/a. D.Yuen: Consultant; Fibrocor Therapeutics. C.T.Luk: None. Funding NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2018-05671) BBDC Gales Family Charitable Foundation Pilot and Feasibility GrantCanadian Institutes of Health Research Project Grant (PJT 168996)
Assessment of School Staff Knowledge and Perceptions of Student E-cigarette Use and Resource Needs, and E-cigarettes Confiscated at 12 North Carolina High Schools — 2019

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among US youth and are regularly used on school grounds. We assessed school staff’s awareness of students’ e-cigarette use, response by schools, and resources needed to address use, and examined e-cigarettes confiscated by school staff in North Carolina to guide prevention and identify needed resources. Methods In May 2019, staff from a random sample of 25 of 451 North Carolina public and charter high schools were invited to complete an online survey and semistructured interview; 12 schools consented to ≥ 1 component (survey, N = 514; interviews, N = 35). Staff knowledge and perceptions of students’ e-cigarette use and school tobacco policies were assessed, including school efforts to address e-cigarette use. E-cigarette products confiscated by nine schools from students during the 2018–2019 school year were collected. Limitations Only 12 public high schools participated, and these schools might not be representative of all North Carolina high schools. Quantitative surveys were not collected from all staff at participating schools; however, the response rate was 62% and included different staff positions and both urban and rural schools. Finally, e-cigarette products collected by schools might not be representative of all devices used by students. Results Among surveyed staff, 33% observed students using e-cigarettes on school grounds; 86% believed e-cigarette use somewhat or largely contributes to learning disruptions. Overall, 94% of respondents knew their school’s policy prohibits student e-cigarette use on school grounds, and 57% were not confident their school has resources to help students quit. From 35 interviews, themes included concern that schools’ tobacco-free policies do not deter use and additional resources are needed to address e-cigarette use in schools. Of 336 collected devices, there were different e-cigarette types and most (65%) e-liquid bottles were flavored. Conclusion Efforts are warranted to incorporate evidence-based curricula; educate staff, parents, and youth regarding health risks of e-cigarette use; and help youth quit e-cigarettes.
Cytomegalovirus as a possible cause of a disease resembling infectious mononucleosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No simple correlation between bowel habit and age was observed.There was no correlation between bowel habit and nationality.Four per cent. of the industrial population and 16% of those seen in general practice regarded themselves as " constipated."The use of this term sometimes correlated with infrequent bowel actions, and sometimes with hardness of the stool, but often it bore no relation to bowel frequency or stool consistency.A correlation was observed between increasing bowel frequency and the subjects' opinion of the stool as " loose."Of the total population 19.7% (16% in the industrial com- munity, 29 % in general practice) took laxatives.The difference between the two series with regard to laxative-taking can be ascribed to different age distributions within the samples.The proportion of subjects who took laxatives increased with age in both series.No subject under 20 took laxatives more than once weekly, and only three of the 266 subjects in this age group took any laxatives.Only 20 % of those who took laxatives in the combined series considered themselves " constipated."We thank Lord Trenchard, chairman of T. Wall and Sons (Meat and Handy Foods) Ltd., for agreeing to the undertaking of this survey in the three factories, and the staff of the Company Medical Service who made it possible.We thank Dr. H. N.
To Pack a Nose: High‐Fidelity Epistaxis Simulation Using 3D Printing Technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Initial management and stabilization of epistaxis is managed by a diverse offset of clinical providers with variable levels of training. Objective To determine the anatomic and clinical fidelity and ease of use of a novel simulator for the training and assessment of epistaxis management skills. Study Design Qualitative Research Study using expert questionnaire's for validation of a newly developed simulator. Methods We performed a quasi‐experimental intervention with 22 otolaryngology faculty and 10 trainees who independently evaluated the simulator. Data were collected in three phases: phase 1 (preliminary evaluation), phase 2 (final expert evaluation), and phase 3 (trainee evaluation). We designed a three‐dimensional (3D) printed model from a de‐identified patient computed tomography scan. Artificial blood was circulated through catheters to simulate bleeding from three distinct sites (sphenopalatine, Kiesselbach's plexus, and anterior ethmoid). Four domains were assessed: “Physical and anatomic attributes,” “Realism of experience,” “Ability to perform tasks,” and “Value and clinical relevance.” Internal structure and validity were measured with Cronbach's alpha and item outfit mean‐square statistics. Results Results from otolaryngology faculty showed very high median ratings for “Value of the simulator as a training tool” (4.0/4) and high ratings for “Relevance to practice” (4.0/4), and realism of experience (4.0/4). Responses from otolaryngology trainees demonstrated high value for clinical training (4.0/4) and high likelihood to recommend use for future trainees (4.0/4). Confidence in managing epistaxis before (1.0/4) and after (3.0/4) simulator use was statistically improved ( P = .03). Conclusions Using 3D printing technology, we created a novel simulator for epistaxis management. Preliminary evidence suggests the model is cost‐effective, anatomically realistic, relevant to trainees' educational needs, and valuable as a training tool. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 132:747–753, 2022