jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parasitic diseases and urban development.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The distribution and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in both urban and periurban areas of endemic countries have been changing as development progresses. The following different scenarios involving Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are discussed: (1) infected persons entering nonendemic urban areas without vectors; (2) infected persons entering nonendemic urban areas with vectors; (3) infected persons entering endemic urban areas; (4) non-infected persons entering endemic urban areas; (5) urbanization or domestication of natural zoonotic foci; and (6) vectors entering nonendemic urban areas. Cultural and social habits from the rural areas, such as type of house construction and domestic water usage, are adopted by migrants to urban areas and increase the risk of disease transmission which adversely affects employment in urban populations. As the urban health services must deal with the rise in parasitic diseases, appropriate control strategies for the urban setting must be developed and implemented.
Examining the phylogeography of Profilicollis altmani : an acanthocephalan parasite of mole crabs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We examined the genetic diversity of the acanthocephalan Profilicollis altmani from \nthree species of Emerita mole crabs. This study aimed to determine if genetic data \nsupported the morphological distinction of two geographically isolated acanthocephalan \nspecies in the northern and southern hemispheres, to identify if there were cryptic species of this parasite between Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins, and examine the \nspatial structure of genetic diversity within this parasite. The low genetic diversity \nobserved in the COI and ITS loci of this marine species in comparison to cryptic species \nof freshwater acanthocephalans suggests that there are not cryptic species of this marine \nacanthocephalan. In addition, the lack of geographic patterning in haplotype diversity of \nthis parasite indicates high gene flow between coasts. This study finds that the \nacanthocephalan P. altmani is a cosmopolitan parasite that is most likely distributed \nbetween coasts by the seabirds that serve as definitive hosts.
The Wellbeing Benefits Associated with Perceived and Measured Biodiversity in Australian Urban Green Spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are few studies examining the wellbeing benefits from exposure to natural environments differing in ecological attributes, such as biodiversity, and they have not had consistent results. This study progresses our understanding of the nuanced relationship between nature and wellbeing by analyzing the self-reported benefits derived from urban green spaces varying in a range of objectively measured biodiversity attributes such as bird species richness, habitat diversity, and structural heterogeneity. Respondents’ (n = 840) perceptions of biodiversity and naturalness were also examined. We identified the biodiversity attributes most strongly associated with particular benefits, as well as the types of parks where those benefits were significantly more likely to occur. Findings suggest that perceived, rather than objective measures of biodiversity are better predictors of subjective wellbeing benefits. Of the assessed biodiversity attributes, vegetation cover consistently correlated most strongly with psychological benefits. Stress reduction and mood improvement were greatest in nature parks and lowest in pocket parks. Increases in each biodiversity attribute significantly affected psychological wellbeing at different thresholds, suggesting the relationship between biodiversity and wellbeing is not linear. Thresholds of sensitivity for park attributes are discussed, with vegetation cover, naturalness, structural heterogeneity, and park type emerging as the most useful differentiators for studying human responses to nature. Our findings can help inform green space planning to maximize environmental benefits and health benefits concurrently.
Factors associated with underreporting of adverse drug reactions by nurses: A narrative literature review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by health-care professionals is the basic method for the identification and prevention new and serious ADRs of marketed drugs. The contribution of nurses in this task can improve patient safety and reduce the extra financial burden associated with it. Although a total of 11% of ADRs in National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Center were reported by nurses. The objectives of this review were to identify the possible factors that lead to underreporting of ADRs by nurses and define strategies that increase the reporting. This review has revealed various factors that influence the underreporting of ADRs and strategies to encourage reporting by nurses. Most of the identified factors are potentially modifiable. To overcome the underreporting of ADRs by nurses' main interventions should be based on education, motivation, and determination.
An Educational Program for the Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A rational approach to the proper use of antibiotics must include knowledge of microbial sensitivities to various agents, proper alternative choices, pharmacologic considerations, and the cost to patient and hospital of drugs prescribed. A logical program for analysis of use of antibiotics and proper administration is presented. Since the largest misuse of antibiotics is for no infection or for prophylaxis before surgery, situations in which prophylactic use of antibiotics is of value have been reviewed. Such an educational program designed to improve the physician's use of antimicrobial agents must be a continuing effort in improving patient care.
SH0811399.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Class Size Effects on Student Achievement in Norway: Patterns and Explanations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The causal effect of class size on student performance is investigated using a maximum class size rule of 30 students to generate an instrument for actual class size. The data come from lower secondary schools in Norway, and the initial analysis reveals a small negative class size effect. Further investigations show that the effect varies among student subgroups and that the benefits of smaller classes are larger in schools with a high proportion of students who come from intact families. The second section of the paper uses information about the teachers' grading practices and the students' efforts in class to shed additional light on the revealed patterns of class size effects. Class size effects
The role of management accounting in family business succession

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Family business succession is considered inherent to family businesses and represents a critical process that is generally characterised by resistance to change. This study aims to investigate the role of management accounting systems (MASs) in family business succession, in order to understand how changes in MASs during the succession across different family generations can help the succession process itself, facilitating the rise of the new leader, supporting changes, and reducing resistance to them. The research adopts a case study approach, focusing on organizational routines and their changes, at the same time taking into account the socioemotional wealth of the family firm. Evidence from the study shows the strategic role of MAS in managing the succession process, through the implementation of new routines and rules in helping the decision-making process and in achieving the firm's leadership. Key words: Family business succession, management accounting changes, routines, socioemotional wealth.
Necessity of Searching for a New Security Paradigm in the World of Globalisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim: The aim of the paper is to present arguments in favour of the necessity of seeking a new security paradigm in the globalisation era, a world that keeps changing dynamically, entangled in a network of interconnections and at risk. The scale and type of threats that contemporary communities are confronted with continually provide new impulses to revise the security paradigm. Introduction: The globalisation processes are transnational in nature, involve the entire international community and occur simultaneously. These processes are complex, and their impact on the security environment is equally complex. They make people aware and shape the need for security as one of the essential existential needs of societies. Efforts to find a new security paradigm in the contemporary world are part of the attempt to respond to global challenges and threats. The environment of the security entity, which is both man and the nation-state that tend to change as a result of globalisation processes, requires the implementation of in-depth analyses and a broad research perspective, which should take into account both the complexity and variability of the security phenomenon as such, as well as changes taking place in this environment. Methodology: The paper was devised using a problembased method based on a review of literature on the subject. Not only were the achievements of Polish science used, but also the sources presenting the results of research conducted by representatives of academia of various research provenance from Europe and the United States. Conclusions: The new global order is aimed at assuring human security, and needs to be based on a strong cultural foundation, one consisting of common values. The postulate of seeking a new security paradigm in the world of the globalization ear is a response to the challenges of the present times and threats that national societies and the international community must face. The cultural dimension of security and its axiological basis are of increasing importance here. Accordingly the global society may become a security community that shares common values, among which mutual accountability plays a particular role - both global solidarity and solidarity between people. Given the nature of ongoing processes and the changes that are taking place, some researchers support the necessity of adopting an approach to security which should be based on political science, and emphasise the necessity of working out of a paradigm characterised by a holistic approach to this issue.
Plasmonic Modulator Based on Graphene and Dual Back-to-Back U-Shaped Silicon Waveguide for Optical Communication Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A broadband plasmonic optical modulator based on a dual back-to-back U-shaped silicon waveguide and double layers of graphene has been investigated. The proposed structure is designed at TE mode over a range of wavelengths extending from 1.1 to 1.9 μm . By adjusting the geometry of the U-shaped structure, the modulator’s performance has been tuned. Utilizing propagation loss, bandwidth, power consumption, and modulation depth, the proposed modulator’s performance has been characterized. According to the results, at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, the loss, modulation depth, and small footprint read 0.0415 dB/μm, 0.6337 dB/μm, and (0.5 μm × 12.17 μm), respectively. Furthermore, the proposed modulator has a modulation bandwidth of about 151.7 GHz and a power consumption of 21.068 fJ/bit.
[Lapidus operation combined with bone setting manipulation in treatment of hallux valgus in elderly patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lapidus operation combined with bone-setting manipulation of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of hallux valgus foot in elderly patients has satisfactory clinical effects, shortens the time of osteotomy and fixation, protects the soft tissue around the osteotomy end and promotes the bone fusion on the most satisfactory position.
Development of a new stool biomarker ELISA for the early detection of colorectal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e14128 Background: An ELISA was developed using NPC-1C, a novel antibody that reacts with an antigen expressed specifically by human colorectal and pancreatic tumor tissues and cell lines. The target antigen that NPC-1C recognizes was shown to be related to MUC5AC, a member of the mucin family of glycoproteins. NPC-1C reacts with neither normal tissues from healthy donors (rare, weak binding to normal colon and esophagus), nor cell lines derived from other tumor types, thereby providing the basis for a proof of concept comparative evaluation with stool from normal healthy donors. Methods: An ELISA that uses NPC-1C antibody as both capture and detection reagent was developed. Samples of stool collected during colonoscopy from colorectal cancer patients (n=4), stool from people with small polyps (n=4), stool from people with multiple polyps (n=2), stool from people with large polyps (n=3), and stool from healthy adults (n=13) were applied to the ELISA. A soluble extract of stool was prepared by detergent lysis and centrifugation. The level of NPC-1C-specific MUC5AC antigen measured in this ELISA was compared among all groups. Results: Preliminary results demonstrated that healthy people did not express NPC-1C antigen in their stool. The signal in the assay was similar to background levels (average 723 units). In contrast, people with small polyps had higher levels (average 3,819 units); people with multiple polyps expressed higher levels (average 7,369 units); people with large polyps had even higher levels (average 10,189 units); and colon cancer patients had the highest levels (average 175,983 units), more than 240 times the level of MUC5AC-related antigen compared with healthy people. Conclusions: The proof of concept has been established to correlate the level of NPC-1C reactive antigen, measured by a novel stool-based ELISA, with colon cancer disease progression. The level of NPC-1C-specific MUC5AC detected increased concomitantly with the number and size of polyps observed during colonoscopy, and reached the highest levels in patients with colon cancer. Our goal is to apply this ELISA test for early non-invasive diagnostic screening for colorectal cancer, an area of still largely unmet need.
Green synthesis of Cerium oxide / Moringa oleifera seed extract nano-composite and its molluscicidsal activities against biomophalaria alexanderina

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The green synthesis method is one of the most economic and ecofriendly approach for preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles. In the current study, Moringa oleifera seed was used for synthesis of Ce2O3/M. oleifera (Ce2O3/MNCs) nano-composite. The bio-composite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM. The FTIR analysis confirmed the phytochemical involvement in bio-composite. Its crystalline and size was well demonstrated through X-ray Diffraction and HR-TEM. The TEM images revealed these particles in circle shape with average size of 30 nm. The present investigation showed that Ce2O3/MNCs was toxic to B. alexandrina snails with LC50 of 314.5 mg/L. The survival and the reproductive rates of the snails were significantly reduced after exposing to ¼ and ½ of LC50 of Ce2O3/MNCs. The present study showed that Ce2O3/MNCs has significant ovicidal and larvicidal activities. Also, the exposure to ½ of LC50 of Ce2O3/MNCs showed alterations in the tegmental architectures of the head-foot region, in addition it caused significant damages in both of the hermaphrodite and digestive glands of B. alexandrina. Conclusively, Ce2O3/MNCs nano-composite could be utilized as a new molluscicidal agent for the snails of schistosomiasis.
Does a flat-panel detector reduce the skin radiation dose in interventional procedures?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2009 / C-765 / Does a flat-panel detector reduce the skin radiation dose in interventional procedures? by: K. Chida 1, Y. Inaba1, H. Masuyama1, M. Kato2, H. Saito1, T. Ishibashi1, S. Maruoka1, M. Zuguchi1; 1Sendai/JP, 2Akita/JP
Lethal haemorrhage due to erosion of external iliac artery in a patient with ureterovaginal fistula following endometriosis surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case report of a patient with laparoscopic surgery of a deep infiltrating endometriosis with a complicative course. In addition to a postoperatively diagnosed ureteral fistula with local inflammation, acute perforation and ultimately lethal bleeding from the adjacent external iliac artery occurred more than 3 weeks after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, a case with the same constellation has not yet been published. A literature review on the rare and comparable complication of a ureteroarterial fistula is discussed in connection with the case.
Approximations of Parallel Surfaces Along Curves

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we study developable surfaces which are flat and normal approximation of parallel surfaces along curves associated with three special vector fields. We investigate singularities of such developable surfaces. We show that under what conditions the approach surfaces are parallel. Also, we show that the approach surfaces are constant angle ruled surfaces if the curves selected on the surfaces are isophote, relatively normal-slant helix and helix. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 53Axx; Secondary 57R45.
A study on the homogeneity of results in meta-analysis: Underwater exercise

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

메타분석이란 같은 주제의 연구 결과들을 객관적이고 체계적인 방법을 통해 하나의 결과로 나타내는 분석 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 수중운동에 대한 메타분석에서 연구결과들의 사전집단 특성을 고려한 것과 고려하지 않은 것의 결과를 비교하는 데 있다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 14편의 연구로 선정하였으며 수중운동 프로그램의 체중감량효과에 대한 평균효과크기를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 사전집단의 특성을 고려하지 않은 메타분석 방법에서 평균효과크기는 -0.3747 (p-value=0.0696)이고, 사전집단 특성을 고려한 총 11편의 연구에 대해 실시한 메타분석 방법에서는 평균효과크기가 -0.5126 (p-value=0.0406)으로 나타났다. 즉, 사전집단의 특성을 고려한 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우의 통계적 유의성에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Fluorous Biphasic Singlet Oxygenation with a Perfluoroalkylated Photosensitizer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFluorous Biphasic Singlet Oxygenation with a Perfluoroalkylated PhotosensitizerStephen G. DiMagno, Patrick H. Dussault, and Jeffrey A. SchultzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 22, 5312–5313Publication Date (Web):June 5, 1996Publication History Received5 March 1996Published online5 June 1996Published inissue 5 June 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960736phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960736prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views700Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Degradation,Oxides,Saturation,Stability Get e-Alerts
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF GYPSY MOTH NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recent experimental findings demonstrate that two distinct waves of mortality of gypsy moth larvae from nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) occurs during larval development. The evidence suggests that early instars acquire lethal doses of NPV from the surface of the egg mass and the cadavers of these larvae produce inoculum that causes a second wave of mortality among late instars. Transmission of NPV between gypsy moth generations appears to occur primarily by way of contamination of egg masses from environmental sources during oviposition. Other factors influencing NPV epizootiology including Foliage chemistry, weather and genetic effects are discussed.
The Effect of Scaffolding Using the Peer Tutoring Method on Biology Learning Outcomes in the Material of the Human Excretory System

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the study: To find out the effect of scaffolding using the peer tutoring learning method on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of class IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Muaro Jambi on the subject of the excretory system in humans. Methodology: This type of research is a real experiment or true experiment. While the research design used in this study is the Posttest-Only Control Design. The sample in this study was class IX A as the experimental class and class IX D as the control class. The types of data and data sources in this study are quantitative data obtained from the results of tests carried out or data that describe cognitive aspects and qualitative data, namely data obtained from affective and psychomotor aspects. The instrument used for assessing learning outcomes in the cognitive aspect is a written test. Multiple choice questions are used for the posttest in the experimental class and the control class. For the assessment of learning outcomes on the affective aspect a questionnaire was used, and for the assessment of learning outcomes on the psychomotor aspect a worksheet was used for students. Main Findings: Scaffolding (providing assistance) using the Peer Tuthoring learning method does not affect the learning outcomes of biology in class IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Muara Jambi in the cognitive aspect, but affects the affective and psychomotor aspects. Novelty/Originality of this study: It can be used as material for consideration and information for teachers in selecting appropriate, effective, and efficient learning models in the biology learning process. So that it can improve student learning outcomes in Biology subjects.