jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alternative and classical complement pathway activity in sera from colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Haemolytic assays were used to compare alternative and classical complement (C) pathway activities in sera obtained from neonatal pigs reared on porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum or an immunoglobulin-free synthetic diet. Dramatic increases in immunoglobulin concentrations were noted in the colostrum-fed animals during the first day of life, but there was not a concurrent, marked increase in either classical or alternative C pathway activity. Whether fed on homologous or heterologous colostrum, neonatal pigs had a similar gradual increase in alternative and classical C pathway activity in the post-natal period. If direct passive absorption of C components occurs in newborn pigs, it has only a minor influence on functional levels of alternative and classical C pathway activity in their sera. In pigs fed homologous and heterologous colostrum there was, respectively, an 83% and 80% increase in classical pathway activity, but only a 13% and 12% increase in alternative pathway activity during the first 3 days of life. Pigs fed the immunoglobulin-free synthetic diet had a 37% increase in classical C and a 24% increase in alternative C pathway activity. Part of the increase in classical C pathway activity in the post-natal period may be caused by a stimulating factor in colostrum. Most if not all of the increase in alternative C pathway activity and some of the increase in classical C pathway activity is most likely caused by normal humoral homeostatic mechanisms in the neonatal pig.
Outcomes and Associated Complications of Cranioplasty following Craniectomy in Brunei Darussalam

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Cranioplasty, commonly performed after decompressive craniectomy, is associated with significant complications. We aim to characterize the outcomes and complications post cranioplasty performed in Brunei Darussalam. Methods and Materials We conducted a nationwide retrospective study of the patients who underwent cranioplasty. Patients who underwent cranioplasty by the Neurosurgical Department from January 2014 to June 2019 were included. Patients were excluded if they did not have a minimum of 30-days follow-up or the initial cranioplasty was performed elsewhere. Outcomes including complications post cranioplasty and 30-day and 1-year failure rates were assessed. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The χ2 test, Student's t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were performed for nominal, normally, and non-normally distributed variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors for complications and cranioplasty failure. Results Seventy-seven patients with a median age of 48 (interquartile range, 37–61) years were included. Most cranioplasties used autologous bone (70/77, 90.9%). Infection and overall complication rates were 3.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Cranioplasty failure (defined as removal or revision of cranioplasty) rate was 9.1%. Previous cranial site infection post craniectomy was associated with cranioplasty failure (odds ratio: 12.2, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 114.0], p=0.028). Conclusions Cranioplasty is generally associated with significant complications, including reoperation for implant failure. We highlighted that autologous bone cranioplasties can be performed with an acceptable low rate of infection, making it a viable first option for implant material.
Out-of-bounds markers in the local English theatre scene.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Feature 1 Gives An Overview of Out-of-Bounds (OB) Markers OB markers are found to cover three main areas: sex, politics and raceheligion. Most interviewees also describe the markers as vague, but necessary in all countries. Conclusion, possible to nudge markers further, especially in portrayal of sexual themes. Feature 2 Examines the Impact of OB Markers on Artists’ Cominp and Going We began this feature with the hypothesis that the restrictive atmosphere here will cause brain drain. But surprisingly, home was found to be an important notion embraced by almost all local artists. Conclusion, OB markers play secondary role in artists’ decisions as lure of home is too strong. Feature 3 Looks at the Impact of OB Markers on Media Coverape Coverage here is not affected by OB markers per se. Instead, two types of coverage on controversial performances or themes surface: balanced reporting and the what-sells attitude. Conclusion, trend towards more critical and analytical reviews, especially with new technological media like the Internet. Feature 4 Profiles People and Acts that have Breached the OB Markers Most ran into problems with political markers such as Josef Ng, whose performance raised heckles as his political protest was deemed to be couched as art. The Government’s reactions caught most by surprise: “one step forward, two steps backwards” phenomenon conclusion, markers have shaped a unique art-making culture here. Editorial, our Stand Trend towards more leeway in sexual themes and portrayal and political commentary, but relaxation not reflected in spheres of race or religion.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Convenient Synthesis of 1‐Perfluoroalkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resilience

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research on resilience is still evolving. For decades, developmental researchers have documented resilient outcomes in children exposed to chronic maltreatment who nonetheless thrived. Relatively more recently the study of resilience has migrated to the investigation of acute and potentially traumatic life events (PTE) in adults. We first consider some of the key differences in the conceptualization of resilience following chronic adversity versus resilience following single‐incident traumas, and then describe some of the misunderstandings that have developed about these constructs. We describe the terms emergent resilience and minimal‐impact resilience (Bonanno & Diminich, 2013) to represent trajectories of positive adjustment in these two domains, respectively. In particular, we focus on minimal‐impact resilience, and review recent advances in the literature. We then briefly discuss the most widely researched factors (e.g., age, gender, personality) suggested to influence resilient outcomes following exposure to PTEs. In closing, we suggest future areas of research to further expand the study of resilience within the social sciences.
Towards a Rigorous Basis for a Natural Law Theory of Integration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fr. Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984) proposed that human desire can prove the existence of God. The structure of human thought implies a Final Answer to the set of all questions, which can only be what everyone calls “God”—but what implications does this fact have for human happiness, and for counseling? This paper argues that counseling must have, as its ultimate aim, helping people to know Goodness, Beauty, and Truth, which is God. The fact that we can observe the facts about human cognition means that Catholic Christian counselors can ethically and effectively work with people from any faith tradition.
Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes under Different Environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The development of high yielding cultivars is a primary objective in most faba bean breeding program.This study is an attempte to evaluate sixty faba bean genotypes under different environment; Sids Research Station in Middle Egypt and Nubaria Research Station in North Egypt, during winter growing seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016.The experimental design was an alpha lattice with two replications.The combined analysis of variance over years were significant for most trait.The results for plant height showed that G2 and G50 had the tallest genotypes at Nubaria and Sids locations, respectively.The G42 recorded the highest values for number of pod, seeds and seed weight.plant - at Sids location, whereas, G18 genotype recoded the highest number of pods.Plant -1 at Nubaria location.G49 and G40 recorded the heaviest 100 seed weight at Sids location, while the genotype G51 had the heaviest value at Nubaria location.Regarding seed yield (ardab.Fad -1 ), the genotypes G27and G45 gave the highest values at Sids and Nubaria locations, respectively.The cluster analysis classified the tested genotypes in both locations to four main different groups, the first group had the highest seed yielding (ardab.fad -1 ), plant height and seed weight.Plant -1 , followed by the third group cluster in the location Sids.
Different dynamics and controls of enzyme activities of leaf and root litter during decomposition

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Litter enzyme dynamics are strongly shaped by litter, soil and microbial attributes during decomposition; however, the enzyme dynamics of leaf and root litter remain unresolved due to contrasting differences in rates and controls on leaf and root litter decomposition. Herein, we conducted a 784‐day field experiment to evaluate the relative importance of litter, alkaline soil and microbial attributes to enzyme activities and their C:N:P stoichiometry of leaf and root litter during decomposition under subtropical land use change in China. We found that only the C‐ and N‐acquiring enzyme activities of shrub leaves were greater than those of wood and crop, and there was no significant difference in P‐acquiring enzyme activity among the three species of leaves. Both the C‐ and P‐acquiring enzyme activities of crop roots were significantly lower than those of afforested lands (i.e. woodland and shrubland). The N‐acquiring activities of wood roots were significantly lower than those of shrub and crop. At the temporal dynamics, the C‐, N‐ and P‐acquiring enzyme activities of the leaves decreased with mass loss, which was affected by the shift in litter nutrients (e.g. N and P) and soil moisture during decomposition. In contrast, the three enzyme activities of roots increased with mass loss, largely due to the increase in microbial biomass of bacteria regulated by litter stoichiometry. The enzymatic C:nutrient (N and P) ratios declined with mass loss, but the enzymatic P:N ratios remained relatively constant with mass loss during the leaf litter decomposition. Whereas, both of the enzymatic C:nutrient ratios and enzymatic P:N ratios decreased with mass during the root litter decomposition. Our results showed that the enzymatic C:N:P stoichiometry of decaying leaves and roots was predominantly predicted by microbial biomass and bacterial biomass, respectively. Overall, we outlined the pattern of contrasting contributions of litter, soil and microbial attributes to enzyme dynamics during decomposition, which provided a framework for better understanding litter C, N and P dynamics in relation to microbial resource allocation strategy during decomposition. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Reduced Protein Model as a Tool in the Homology Modeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Motivation. Theoretical prediction of protein structures is important because the number of sequenced proteins grows much faster than the number of experimentally determined 3D structures. Among theoretical methods, homology or comparative modeling of unknown 3D protein structures (targets) has been established. It is based on experimental structures of proteins (templates) with sequence similarity to the target, taking advantage of the assumption that similarity between sequences implies also structural similarity. The method is, however, limited by the degree of sequence identity. Frequently, the target- template sequence alignment is non-uniform along the sequence. In order to improve the method in regions of low target- template similarity, we have developed a reduced protein modeling approach. It allows us to generate a large number of putative conformations by energy minimization and subsequently to pre-select the most favorable conformations. The force field is based on the concept of residue- residue contact energies. Reduced structures can be translated to atomic resolution, and further evaluated. Method. Randomly generated protein structures are subjected to energy minimization employing a reduced protein model and using positional restraints for conserved parts of the protein structure as well as distance constraints to enforce a preset secondary structure. The alpha-helical test protein results are compared to the
Interaction of a legume lectin with two components of the bacterial cell wall. A crystallographic study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We describe herein the refined high resolution x-ray structures of two components of the bacterial cell wall, muramic acid and muramyl dipeptide complexed to isolectin I from Lathyrus ochrus seeds. In both complexes, only the ring hydroxyl oxygen atoms of the bound sugar establish direct hydrogen bonds with isolectin I, as in the case of all the previously determined monosaccharide-lectin complexes. In addition, the lactyl methyl of both components strongly interacts via hydrophobic contacts with the side chains of residues Tyr100 and Trp128 of isolectin I, which could explain the higher affinity of isolectin I for muramic acid as compared with glucose. These 2 residues, however, are not involved in the stabilization of the oligosaccharide-isolectin I complexes. The dipeptide (D-Ala-D-iGln) of the second component is in stacking interaction with the N-acetyl group of glucose and with loop Gly97-Gly98 of isolectin I. In addition to these van der Waals' contacts, the dipeptide interacts with the lectin via well ordered water molecules also. Superposition of the structures of the muramyl dipeptide complex and of the muramic acid complex shows that the glucose ring in the dipeptide compound is tilted by about 15 degrees in comparison with that of muramic acid. The fact that the lactyl group has the same confrontation in both components reveals that the lectin is stereospecific and recognizes only diastereoisomer S of this group, which better fits the saccharide-binding site.
Pan‐cancer genomic analyses reveal prognostic and immunogenic features of the tumor melatonergic microenvironment across 14 solid cancer types

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We performed comprehensive genomic analyses of the melatonergic system within the tumor microenvironment and their clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of solid tumors. RNA‐seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 14 solid tumors representing 6658 human samples were analyzed. The tumor melatonergic system was characterized by the rates of melatonin synthesis and metabolism using a two‐gene expression model (melatonin synthesis/metabolism Index). We calculated three indexes according to different melatonin metabolism isoenzymes (Index‐I [ ASMT:CYP1A1 ], Index‐II [ ASMT:CYP1A2 ], and Index‐III [ ASMT:CYP1B1 ]). Samples of each cancer type were classified into two subgroups (high vs low) based on median values. Clinical outcomes, mutational burden, and neoepitope abundance were analyzed and compared. We found that the ability of the tumor microenvironment to synthesize and accumulate melatonin varied across cancer types and negatively correlated with tumor burden. Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses and multivariable modeling showed that the three indexes played different roles across different cancers and harbored prognostic values in breast cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] Index‐II = 0.65 [0.44‐0.97]; P = 0.03), cervical cancer (AHR Index‐I = 0.62 [0.39‐0.98]; P = 0.04), lung squamous cell carcinoma (AHR Index‐III = 0.75 [0.56‐0.99]; P = 0.04), melanoma (AHR Index‐I = 0.74 [0.55‐0.98]; P = 0.04), and stomach adenocarcinoma (AHR Index‐III = 0.68 [0.41‐0.94]; P = 0.02). We further investigated its clinical relevance with tumor immunogenic features (mutational burden and neoantigen abundance), which may predict immunotherapy benefits. We observed significant negative correlations with mutational burden in the majority of tumors ( P < 0.05), except cervical cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Our study provides a systematic overview of the oncostatic values of the melatonergic system and highlights the utilization of this simple and promising gene signature as a prognosticator and potential predictor of response to immunotherapy.
Rethinking the “Ghetto Synthesis”: Problems and Prospects in the Black Metropolis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis seeks to document the combination of explicit and structural factors which created and still continue to create adversarial conditions for inner-city African Americans. In the process, it considers the utility of the word “ghetto” as a descriptive term and more broadly as an analytical framework. Throughout the twentieth century there were numerous factors working throughout the United States to consign African Americans to an inferior socio-economic position. Consequently, this thesis suggests that poverty in low-income African American neighborhoods as well as the continued persistence of residential segregation across the U.S. is the result of conscious policy choices and an economic system which inherently produces inequality. Through public and private practices which led to the development of a dual housing market, redlining, racially restrictive covenants, and the like, African Americans were beset with a series of structural impediments which have born decidedly negative consequences. As a result, this thesis will attempt to analyze why these trends cannot be attributed to personal failings or individual preference, but are instead the result of conscious policy choices buttressed by an economic system which perpetuates racist outcomes.
Rootstock Potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria Germplasm for Watermelon: Plant Growth, Graft Compatibility, and Resistance to Fusarium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon was evaluated. Among 210 accessions, 72 genotypes were selected based on morphological characteristics. Two commercial hybrid rootstocks were also used for comparison. Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion. Emergence rate, hypocotyl morphology, survival rate, and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) were investigated. Grafted plants were grown for 3 weeks in order to investigate the effect of rootstocks on plant growth. Leaf number, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were determined. Emergence rate was ranked between 72% and 100% in collected genotypes. The highest graft compatibility was 99% while the lowest graft compatibility was 70%. All the grafted plants showed better performance than control plants regarding plant growth. All bottle gourd genotypes were tested against known 3 races of FON and all of them showed resistance against it. However, 9 genotypes showed yellowing but reisolation from those plants showed that yellowing was not due to FON. Crimson Sweet watermelon cv. susceptible to 3 races of FON was grafted onto 10 Lagenaria siceraria genotypes with the highest graft compatibility with watermelon. While all grafted plants showed resistance to FON, ungrafted Crimson Sweet watermelon cv. was found susceptible to 3 races of FON. The results showed that Turkish L. siceraria germplasm has powerful rootstock potential for watermelon against Fusarium wilt and it is a good resource for rootstock breeding programs.
Network Flow Models for Evacuation Planning

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Because of increasing number of natural and human created disasters worldwide, a research on challenging issues of emergency management are being quite emerging for the betterment of today's complex real-life. The diversified operational research models and their solutions techniques together with their simulation schemes are yet not evident in realizing a generally acceptable solution of these challenging issues. We consider the planning problems in emergencies which is even unsolved yet in general. In this paper, we briefly give the models and algorithms on the existing solution approaches within the framework of evacuation planning network flow models, where the objectives are either to maximize the flow over time or minimize the time for transshipment of the estimated flow. The flow models and solution techniques with their insights presented here highlight the state of existing approaches and hint further direction of research in the field of evacuation optimization. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 90-101
New Approach to Buckling of Imperfection‐Sensitive Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method is presented for the analysis of the buckling strength of imperfection‐sensitive structures. The method can take into account all possible sources of structural imperfections and all the significant imperfection components. It is based on a regular perturbation expansion of the prebuckling response of the structure around the prebuckling response of the corresponding perfect structure. The analysis results in the solution of a generalized eigenvalue problem in terms of a universal imperfection magnitude parameter. The method is illustrated with its application to the analysis of the buckling of a column on a linear elastic foundation. The variability of all the material and the geometric properties of the structure is considered. Numerical results are obtained that reveal certain inadequacies of Koiter's theory in practical applications and the necessity for the new method. They also demonstrate the significant effect of other imperfection sources, besides the shape imperfections, and the significant effect of a multitude of imperfection components, besides those having the shape of the active classical buckling mode.
Fast Data in the Era of Big Data: Twitter's Real-Time Related Query Suggestion Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the architecture behind Twitter's real-time related query suggestion and spelling correction service. Although these tasks have received much attention in the web search literature, the Twitter context introduces a real-time "twist": after significant breaking news events, we aim to provide relevant results within minutes. This paper provides a case study illustrating the challenges of real-time data processing in the era of "big data". We tell the story of how our system was built twice: our first implementation was built on a typical Hadoop-based analytics stack, but was later replaced because it did not meet the latency requirements necessary to generate meaningful real-time results. The second implementation, which is the system deployed in production, is a custom in-memory processing engine specifically designed for the task. This experience taught us that the current typical usage of Hadoop as a "big data" platform, while great for experimentation, is not well suited to low-latency processing, and points the way to future work on data analytics platforms that can handle "big" as well as "fast" data.
Social and personal in Tembot Kerashev's story "The Daughter of the Shapsugs"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

АннотацияРассматриваются некоторые особенности повести-новеллы основоположника адыгейской прозы Тембота Керашева «Дочь шапсугов».Сделан акцент на текстологическом анализе произведения на языке оригинала.Исследуются фольклорная и литературная основа, тематика и проблематика, сюжетнокомпозиционное построение, жанровое своеобразие, особенности психологизма и историзма в повести