jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Current aspects of endolaryngeal and endotracheal microsurgery in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Achievements of today's laryngeal and tracheal surgery came for the most part from novel optic techniques and anesthesia. All the operations were performed with application of the microscope or endoscopic devices. Gas exchange was provided differently: using volume, injection and high frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs. An individual approach to gas exchange technique in respiratory obstruction allowed to avoid emergency tracheotomy. A laryngeal mask was used in children for air delivery in fibrotracheobronchoscopy. Removal of tumors, dissection of laryngeal scars, trachea and bronchi were made by means of ultrasound and laser equipment. Interventions are considered for each condition.
Properties and Applications of a Restricted HR Gradient Operator

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For quaternionic signal processing algorithms, the gradients of a quaternion-valued function are required for gradient-based methods. Given the non-commutativity of quaternion algebra, the definition of the gradients is non-trivial. The HR gradient operator provides a viable framework and has found a number of applications. However, the applications so far have been mainly limited to real-valued quaternion functions and linear quaternion-valued functions. To generalize the operator to nonlinear quaternion functions, we define a restricted version of the HR operator. The restricted HR gradient operator comes in two versions, the left and the right ones. We then present a detailed analysis of the properties of the operators, including several different product rules and chain rules. Using the new rules, we derive explicit expressions for the derivatives of a class of regular nonlinear quaternion-valued functions, and prove that the restricted HR gradients are consistent with the gradients in real domain.
The Influence of Students Motivation Toward Students Achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the language attitudes of Minangkabau people toward Minangkabau language (MIN) and Indonesian (BI) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were collected in the form of questionnaires, in-depth interviews and participant observation with a sample of 200 Adult respondents in six research areas. This research uses a Likert scale with the categories classified into five alternatives (1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Uncertain, 4 = Agree, and 5= strongly agree) and there are some tables analyzed based on yes/no questions, no=0 and yes=1. There are twelve questions on the questionnaire pertaining to the attitudes of adults. The results show that the adult attitudes can be classified into three categories, (1) positive; (2) negative; and (3) ambivalent attitudes. The third category is dominant. The term ‘ambivalent” is used for intermediate results. It is shown that the respondents expressed their feeling in both positive and negative comments in the same utterance when answering the questions related to MIN. For these responses, it is seen that there is a mixed feeling where they use “but” or “although” after expressing their positive feelings thereby countering their first statement. The evidence of the ambivalent and mixed feelings from respondents is shown. This means that Minangkabau people tend to avoid the conflict of having negative opinions; they tend to say what they mean in more indirect ways. On the other side, there is a positive attitude in response to the questions about BI. Majority of respondents have very strong positive attitudes towards BI
Modeling the effects of biological tissue on RF propagation from a wrist-worn device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many wireless devices in common use today are worn either on or in close proximity to the body. Among them are a growing number of wrist-mounted devices designed for applications such as activity or vital-signs monitoring, typically using Bluetooth technology to communicate with external devices. Here, we use a tissue-mimicking phantom material in conjunction with anechoic chamber and network analyzer testing to investigate how antenna propagation patterns in one such device are influenced by the electrical properties of the human wrist. A microstrip antenna module is mounted onto phantom material of various geometries, and the resulting voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), input impedance, and azimuth radiation pattern are recorded in both free space and real-world environments. The results of this study demonstrate how the high permittivity values of human tissue (ε(r) ≈ 16) affect the design parameters of microstrip antennas. A simulation environment using Sonnet EM software was used to further analyze the high dielectric effects of biological tissue on RF propagation.
Interference in Immunoassays Used to Monitor Tricyclic Antidepressants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, and Toxicology The Pharmacogenomics Aspect of Tricyclic Antidepressant Metabolism Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tricyclic Antidepressants Interference in Immunoassays for Tricyclic Antidepressants Why Chromatographic Methods should be Used for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tricyclic Antidepressants Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tetracyclic and Newer Antidepressants Conclusions References
Pinocembrin Ameliorates Skin Fibrosis via Inhibiting TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Skin fibrotic diseases, such as keloids, are mainly caused by pathologic scarring of wounds during healing and characterized by benign cutaneous overgrowths of dermal fibroblasts. Current surgical and therapeutic modalities of skin fibrosis are unsatisfactory. Pinocembrin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to possess a vast range of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. In this study we explored the potential effect and mechanisms of pinocembrin on skin fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies indicated that pinocembrin dose-dependently suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of keloid fibroblasts and mouse primary dermal fibroblasts. The in vivo studies showed that pinocembrin could effectively alleviate bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis and reduce the gross weight and fibrosis-related protein expression of keloid tissues in xenograft mice. Further mechanism studies indicated that pinocembrin could suppress TGF-β1/Smad signaling and attenuate TGF-β1-induced activation of skin fibroblasts. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of pinocembrin for skin fibrosis.
Predicting Persistent Opioid Use after Hand Surgery: A Machine Learning Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of machine learning to predict persistent opioid use after hand surgery. Methods: The authors trained 2 algorithms to predict persistent opioid use, first using a general surgery data set and then using a hand surgery data set, resulting in 4 trained models. Next, the authors tested each model’s performance using hand surgery data. Participants included adult surgery patients enrolled in a cohort study at an academic center from 2015 to 2018. The first algorithm (Michigan Genomics Initiative model) was designed to accommodate patient-reported data and patients with or without prior opioid use. The second algorithm (claims model) was designed for insurance claims data from patients who were opioid-naive only. The main outcome was model discrimination, measured by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results: Of 889 hand surgery patients, 49% were opioid-naive and 21% developed persistent opioid use. Most patients underwent soft-tissue procedures (55%) or fracture repair (20%). The Michigan Genomics Initiative model had AUCs of 0.84 when trained only on hand surgery data, and 0.85 when trained on the full cohort of surgery patients. The claims model had AUCs of 0.69 when trained only on hand surgery data, and 0.52 when trained on the opioid-naive cohort of surgery patients. Conclusions: Opioid use is common after hand surgery. Machine learning has the potential to facilitate identification of patients who are at risk for prolonged opioid use, which can promote early interventions to prevent addiction.
The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Sydney's Tram Network Using Network Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the evolution of Sydney trams using network econometrics approaches. Network econometrics extends spatial econometrics by developing weight matrices based on the physical structure of the network, allowing for competing and complementary elements to have distinct effects. This research establishes a digitized database of Sydney historical tramway network, providing a complete set of geo‐referenced data of the opening and closing year and frequencies by time of day for every line. An autoregressive distributed lag model is specified and reveals that the combination of correlation strength and magnitude of lagged flow change on correlated links is a significant predictor of future tram service. The results indicate that complementary and competitive links play distinct roles in shaping the network structure. A link is more likely to undergo the same structural change highly complementary (upstream or downstream) links underwent previously, where the influence is measured by a combination of correlation strength and link importance, reflected by historical service levels.
Contribution of the gag and pol sequences to the leukemogenicity of Friend murine leukemia virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) is a highly leukemogenic replication-competent murine retrovirus. Both the F-MuLV envelope gene and the long terminal repeat (LTR) contribute to its pathogenic phenotype (A. Oliff, K. Signorelli, and L. Collins, J. Virol. 51:788-794, 1984). To determine whether the F-MuLV gag and pol genes also possess sequences that affect leukemogenicity, we generated recombinant viruses between the F-MuLV gag and pol genes and two other murine retroviruses, amphotrophic clone 4070 (Ampho) and Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus (Fr-MCF). The F-MuLV gag and pol genes were molecularly cloned on a 5.8-kilobase-pair DNA fragment. This 5.8-kilobase-pair F-MuLV DNA was joined to the Ampho envelope gene and LTR creating a hybrid viral DNA, F/A E+L. A second hybrid viral DNA, F/Fr ENV, was made by joining the 5.8-kilobase-pair F-MuLV DNA to the Fr-MCF envelope gene plus the F-MuLV LTR. F/A E+L and F/Fr ENV DNAs generated recombinant viruses upon transfection into NIH 3T3 cells. F/A E+L virus (F-MuLV gag and pol, Ampho env and LTR) induced leukemia in 20% of NIH Swiss mice after 6 months. Ampho-infected mice did not develop leukemia. F/Fr ENV virus (F-MuLV gag and pol, Fr-MCV env, F-MuLV LTR) induced leukemia in 46% of mice after 3 months. Recombinant viruses containing the Ampho gag and pol, Fr-MCF env, and F-MuLV LTR caused leukemia in 38% of mice after 6 months. We conclude that the F-MuLV gag and pol genes contain sequences that contribute to the pathogenicity of murine retroviruses. These sequences can convert a nonpathogenic virus into a leukemia-causing virus or increase the pathogenicity of viruses that are already leukemogenic.
Plasma electron contribution to beam emittance growth from Coulomb collisions in plasma-based accelerators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains some supplementary material for the paper published in the journal Physics of Plasmas. There are two folders in the compressed file. One includes two input files that are used for the open-source particle-in-cell code WarpX(https://github.com/ECP-WarpX/WarpX/). The other includes figure files, and the plotting scripts.
Abstract 856: Correlation of prognosis and histologic patterns by the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma is composed of five histologic patterns including lepidic, papillary, acinar, solid, and micropapillary patterns by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, the American Thoracic Society, and the European Respiratory Society classification. Many researches for histologic pattern and survival rates were performed, but confirmative relationships of histologic pattern and patient's prognosis are unclear. Methods: We searched PubMed using the keywords “IASLC/ATS/ERS classification” and “International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society”. Review articles and case reports were excluded, and duplicated data, insufficient data, and overlapping articles are also excluded. The pooled analysis was performed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software version 2.0. Results: Lepidic predominant pattern had significantly lower recurrence and expire than acinar, papillary, solid or micropapillary pattern. Acinar or papillary pattern had significantly lower recurrence and expire than solid or micropapillary pattern. Conclusions: Invasive adenocarcinoma with lepidic predominant pattern has better prognosis than that with the other predominant patterns. Acinar and papillary predominant patterns have better prognosis than solid and micropapillary predominant patterns in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. There are no different prognoses between acinar and papillary predominant patterns, and solid and micropapillary predominant patterns of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: Keon Uk Park, Jin Young Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Ilseon Hwang. Correlation of prognosis and histologic patterns by the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 856. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-856
Method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer based on BDS GEO satellites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Research on time and frequency transfer between stations through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier-phase observation data has been a hot topic for many years. However, the estimation of ambiguity has always been a challenge. Unlike Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou System (BDS) is a hybrid constellation with GEOstationary (GEO) satellites included. By virtue of the stationary characteristics of BDS GEO satellites, the method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer is proposed in this paper. With this method, high-precision time and frequency transfer can be achieved by utilizing the carrier-phase observation data from BDS GEO satellites and the precise products of the International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS). The advantages are as follows. 1) Unlike traditional GNSS Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites, BDS GEO satellites are always visible within their coverage area. Therefore, there will only be one ambiguity for this method over long periods of 1 month or more, which can be calibrated as a systematic error; 2) By using BDS GEO satellites, the time transfer results will not be affected by the phase wind-up effect. With sites in Europe and China, experiments based this method are performed, and the results show that: 1) For zero and ultra-short baselines, the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the proposed method are better than 0.1ns; 2) For the short baseline (33 km), the performance of the proposed method is comparable to Two Way Optical Time and Frequency Transfer; 3) For the long baseline (700 km and 1750 km), the performance of the proposed method is better than Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer; 4) For inter-continental baselines (over 7000 km), the RMS value of the residuals with respect to Precise Point Positioning time transfer is at the sub-nanosecond level.
The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-93 gene encodes a putative transmembrane protein that regulates muscle contraction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

unc-93 is one of a set of five interacting genes involved in the regulation or coordination of muscle contraction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Rare altered-function alleles of unc-93 result in sluggish movement and a characteristic "rubber band" uncoordinated phenotype. By contrast, null alleles cause no visibly abnormal phenotype, presumably as a consequence of the functional redundancy of unc-93. To understand better the role of unc-93 in regulating muscle contraction, we have cloned and molecularly characterized this gene. We isolated transposon-insertion alleles and used them to identify the region of DNA encoding the unc-93 protein. Two unc-93 proteins differing at their NH2 termini are potentially encoded by transcripts that differ at their 5' ends. The putative unc-93 proteins are 700 and 705 amino acids in length and have two distinct regions: the NH2 terminal portion of 240 or 245 amino acids is extremely hydrophilic, whereas the rest of the protein has multiple potential membrane-spanning domains. The unc-93 transcripts are low in abundance and the unc-93 gene displays weak codon usage bias, suggesting that the unc-93 protein is relatively rare. The unc-93 protein has no sequence similarity to proteins listed in current data-bases. Thus, unc-93 is likely to encode a novel membrane-associated muscle protein. We discuss possible roles for the unc-93 protein either as a component of an ion transport system involved in excitation-contraction coupling in muscle or in coordinating muscle contraction between muscle cells by affecting the functioning of gap junctions.
Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for MRD Monitoring in Hematologic Malignancies: Clinical Applications and New Challenges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Along with the evolution of immunophenotypic and molecular diagnostics, the assessment of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) has progressively become a keystone in the clinical management of hematologic malignancies, enabling valuable post-therapy risk stratifications and guiding risk-adapted therapeutic approaches. However, specific prognostic values of MRD in different hematological settings, as well as its appropriate clinical uses (basically, when to measure it and how to deal with different MRD levels), still need further investigations, aiming to improve standardization and harmonization of MRD monitoring protocols and MRD-driven therapeutic strategies. Currently, MRD measurement in hematological neoplasms with bone marrow involvement is based on advanced highly sensitive methods, able to detect either specific genetic abnormalities (by PCR-based techniques and next-generation sequencing) or tumor-associated immunophenotypic profiles (by multiparametric flow cytometry, MFC). In this review, we focus on the growing clinical role for MFC-MRD diagnostics in hematological malignancies—from acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemias (AML, B-ALL and T-ALL) to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM)—providing a comparative overview on technical aspects, clinical implications, advantages and pitfalls of MFC-MRD monitoring in different clinical settings.
Restorative justice and states' uneasy relationship with their publics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last ten to twenty years, nation states in Western Europe and North America have become somewhat concerned about their publics' reaction to criminal justice (Hough and Roberts 1998; Mattinson and Mirrlees-Black 2000; Judicature 1997). Recent interest in measuring confidence in criminal justice and indeed in developing measures for confidence cross-nationally is a testimony to that concern. Public views on the quality, trustworthiness and legitimacy of criminal justice institutions are newly important, and to be sought, even though governments of nation states vary as to whether they feel that popular views should be mirrored by policy changes.
Neurologic diseases in ancient Roman sculpture busts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ancient Roman sculpture busts are remarkable for their realistic and relentless portrayals of their subjects. The periods of the Roman Republic and the early Empire before the third century AD were heydays of sculpture that did not hide blemishes or even diseases. Afterwards, the realism of busts was replaced by stylistic features like geometrization and stiffness.1 The 2 ancient Roman sculpture busts described here are exhibited in the Capitoline Museum in Rome. I point out remarkable features of each bust and discuss possible neurologic diseases underlying these features. This is, of course, speculative because we lack any other supporting information.
Path Dependency in Theatre Funding

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Estonian contemporary dance emerged in the early 1990s outside established theatre institutions. Since then, it has existed in a project-based format, which means that though dance artists can receive funding for preparing projects, there is no financial support for facilities needed for everyday practice outside or between the projects. The type of venues available for practicing contemporary dance has an impact on choreographic practice presented for the public, even if that dimension often remains invisible.Funding policy, like other policies, is greatly affected by the historical legacy of a particular policy (that is, path dependent), and the same can be claimed about choreographic practice. Therefore, in order to understand why a certain policy or practice prevails and is resistant to change even if it becomes problematic, it is necessary to look at the beginning of the path. In the present article, the history of theatre and dance funding in Estonia is taken as an example to discuss how that history affects the present in terms of choices by dance practitioners. Though Estonia is taken as an example, the situation is far from unique and therefore can serve as a case for analyzing similar situations in other countries.
CGPDTA: An Explainable Transfer Learning‐Based Predictor With Molecule Substructure Graph for Drug‐Target Binding Affinity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Identifying interactions between drugs and targets is crucial for drug discovery and development. Nevertheless, the determination of drug‐target binding affinities (DTAs) through traditional experimental methods is a time‐consuming process. Conventional approaches to predicting drug‐target interactions (DTIs) frequently prove inadequate due to an insufficient representation of drugs and targets, resulting in ineffective feature capture and questionable interpretability of results. To address these challenges, we introduce CGPDTA, a novel deep learning framework empowered by transfer learning, designed explicitly for the accurate prediction of DTAs. CGPDTA leverages the complementarity of drug–drug and protein–protein interaction knowledge through advanced drug and protein language models. It further enhances predictive capability and interpretability by incorporating molecular substructure graphs and protein pocket sequences to represent local features of drugs and targets effectively. Our findings demonstrate that CGPDTA not only outperforms existing methods in accuracy but also provides meaningful insights into the predictive process, marking a significant advancement in the field of drug discovery.