jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Communication for Stronger Learning Game Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, you will learn about the unique challenges of learning game design, the necessary multidisciplinary makeup of learning game design teams, and ways to improve team efficiency and effectiveness through communication. Learning games combine content and context to create a meaningful interaction between players’ experience and learning. They often employ an experiential learning strategy and have been called “designed experiences” (Squire, 2006). When learning games are viewed in this light, designing them becomes quite a challenge for several reasons: 1) many variables must be manipulated to achieve the right kind of learning experience at the right time; 2) learning game design has characteristics of ill-structured problem solving; 3) as an ill-structured problem, it requires learning game designers with a high level of expertise; and 4) the solution will require input from multiple disciplines. Having a highly skilled multidisciplinary design team raises another set of challenges including the development of a shared mental model. Research has shown that when team members think similarly, they are more likely to work effectively together (Cannon-Bowers & Salas, 1998; Guzzo & Salas, 1995; Hackman, 1990). When team members understand their differences and take measures to leverage them, learning game design teams are strengthened, leading to a more efficient and effective design process. Research indicates that multidisciplinary learning game design team members think differently about: 1) design goals; 2) authenticity requirements; 3) feedback design; 4) the integration of fun within the learning experience; 5) term definition; and 6) documentation contents. Current design models do not include steps to mitigate these differences and to build a team’s shared mental model. Therefore, we provide specific actions that should be integrated into a learning game design model to support the critical and necessary communications among learning game design team members.
Effects of Differences in Hospital Bed Scarcity on Type of Use

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

bed availability data were supplied by the Ministry of Health, and cover beds included in the H.I.P.E., plus private and staff beds. Column 1 indicates that the Sheffield region has the smallest number of hospital beds per thousand population, only 4.6, while the Liverpool region has almost 50% more?some 6.8 beds per thousand population. Correspondingly, Column 2 shows that only 3.24 beds are used per thousand population in Sheffield while 5.33 beds are used in the Liverpool region. Total bed use is very much determined by total supply ; the correlation between the two sets of numbers is 0.84.
Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant human T-lymphoblastoid CEM cell line to cell-mediated cytolysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The using of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cell variants represents one of the major obstacles to an effective cancer therapy based on the administration of cytotoxic compounds. In the present article we describe experimental procedures able to eradicate, in vitro, by using specific immunological reagent, MDR tumor cells. In an allogeneic cell system, natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells result effective against MDR variants of the human T-lymphoblastoid CEM cell line. Surprisingly effector cells discriminate in their lytic capacity target cells possessing a MDR phenotype. A direct relationship between the degree of relative resistance shown by target cells and cytotoxic level exerted by peripheral lymphocytes stimulated and non by IL-2 was observed. The preincubation of MDR cell variants with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb57) specific for an extramembranal epitope of P-glycoprotein induced, in presence of effector cells, a strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC). This phenomenon was observed only in MDR variants over-expressing in concomitance with drug-resistance high level of P-glycoprotein. In identical experimental conditions, drug-sensitive parental cells does not show valuable ADCC.
Bond graph model based design of supervision algorithm for distributed fault tolerant control systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For distributed analytical model based fault detection, some additional signals besides those required for distributed process control are required to evaluate residuals. This paper presents a graphical means of identifying those signals for design of a supervision system by analysing the causal structure in the bond graph model of a process. The global fault isolation scheme is initially implemented at a central monitoring system based on the alarm states generated at distributed controlling units. In safety critical systems, to minimise dependence on network communication, causality analysis is used to identify appropriate sensors that lead to information decoupling between various localised units of the process. Consequently, each controlling unit, called a smart station, is able to perform its own fault isolation and Fault Tolerant Control (FTC). The central monitoring system is used only for supervision of interfaces between different smart stations and operator mode management.
SEE PROFILE

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

*S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Thin film morphologies of a 75.5 kg/mol polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) diblock copolymer subject to solvent vapor annealing are described. The PS-b-PDMS has a double-gyroid morphology in bulk, but as a thin film the morphology can form spheres, cylinders, perforated lamellae, or gyroids, depending on the film thickness, its commensurability with the microdomain period, and the ratio of toluene:heptane vapors used for the solvent annealing process. The morphologies are described by self-consistent field theory simulations. Thin film structures with excellent long-range order were produced, which are promising for nanopatterning applications. Nanometer-scale architectures in thin films can be achieved from the self-assembly of block copolymers, where interfacial interactions, commensurability, confinement effects, and sur-face energy determine the microdomain morphology.1−9 The
High-Level Psychophysical Tuning Curves

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Simultaneous-masked psychophysical tuning curves were measured with narrow-band noise maskers varying in bandwidth from 40 Hz to 800 Hz to determine the masker bandwidths at which combination-band detection cues no longer influence tuning-curve shapes. Tuning curves were obtained at 1000 and 4000 Hz from normal-hearing listeners using high-level (60 dB SPL) probe tones in quiet and in the presence of a broadband background noise to eliminate combination bands and other off-frequency listening cues that exist at high levels. High-level tuning curves revealed notches on the low-frequency sides. Those notches were eliminated with broad-band background noise, which indicates that combination bands can strongly influence the shapes of high-level tuning curves obtained with narrow-band maskers, primarily by steepening the low-frequency and tail slopes. Combination-band detection cues had a stronger influence at 4000 Hz than at 1000 Hz. As masker bandwidth increased, combination bands had less influence on tuning-curve shapes. These results suggest a possible relation between masker bandwidth and auditory critical bandwidth: combination bands affected the lowfrequency sides of the tuning curves only when the masker bandwidth was less than the auditory critical bandwidth.
Regional closure of knowledge transfer in cluster organisations in Western Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In many studies of clusters – currently a topical subject matter of many regional analyses – authors indicate that the spatial proximity of economic agents positively influences the possibility of cooperation and knowledge exchange (both spontaneous and purposeful). However, geographical proximity can be understood differently: it depends on conditions characteristic of countries and regions. In this paper I investigate to what extent knowledge transfer links, created by agents of clusters during formal cooperation, appear within, or reach outside, the administrative regions of Western Poland. To that end, I create an operational definition of “regional closure” with an equation for measuring it. The results prove that although most links in cluster organisations are created within regions (on NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 level), their spatial range depends on the line of business and type of projects implemented by a cluster.
Initial care of acute back injuries.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mechanism of injury to the back should be obtained with the utmost accuracy and set down in the history as a separate paragraph under that heading. This is usually best obtained by questioning and requestioning the patient during the course of the examination. A history of any previous back affections should also be obtained at the first visit. The detailed examination of the back is not complete without a general physical examination.X-ray studies should be done immediately in all cases in which the injury has been caused by direct violence or forceful indirect violence (as in "jackknife" injury). Terms such as "disc disease," "ruptured intervertebral disc" and various others that convey a similar meaning should not be used as the initial diagnosis and should be withheld until such a diagnosis is definitely established. The plan of treatment may include a period in hospital or of rest at home, or it may be carried out with the patient ambulatory. Corsets and braces should be prescribed only when they are to serve a definite function and the same can be said of physiotherapy.
Brereton, Very Rev. Eric Hugh, (17 Nov. 1889–8 Dec. 1962), Dean of Glasgow and Galloway, since 1959; Rector of St Margaret’s Church, Newlands, Glasgow, and its Missions, since 1933; Canon of St Mary’s Cathedral, Glasgow, 1936

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Brereton, Very Rev. Eric Hugh, (17 Nov. 1889–8 Dec. 1962), Dean of Glasgow and Galloway, since 1959; Rector of St Margaret’s Church, Newlands, Glasgow, and its Missions, since 1933; Canon of St Mary’s Cathedral, Glasgow, 1936" published on by Oxford University Press.
Frequency of S and A fimbriae in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in teaching hospitals of Qazvin (2012-13)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in hospital settings. Attachment to the target is the essential step to colonization of this organism in human host. S and A fimbriae are important virulence factors causing urinary tract infection in uropathogenic E. coli strains. Objective: To determine the frequency of S and A fimbriae encoding genes in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from patients admitted in teaching hospitals of Qazvin. Methods: In this descriptive study, 126 E. coli isolates were collected from urine samples between 2012 and 2013. All isolates were identified using standard laboratory techniques and further evaluated for the frequency of sfa and afa genes using PCR and sequencing methods. Findings: In total, 37 (29.4%) and 13 (10.3%) isolates were positive for the presence of sfa and afa genes, respectively. The afa and sfa-positive isolates were mostly collected from patients admitted in intensive care unit (5 isolates, 4%) and internal medicine (23 isolates, 18.3%) wards, respectively. Conclusion: The findings showed a considerable rate of sfa and afa virulence factors in urinary E. coli isolates. According to clinical importance of this virulence factors in establishment and progress of urinary tract infection, using useful treatment strategy is essential for eradicating of this pathogen in studied hospitals.
Using AHP to Prioritize Barriers in Developing Medical Tourism: Case of Turkey

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction : In the globalizing world; the concept of medical tourism comes to the fore with the increase in travel freedoms between countries, easier transportation facilities, and the increased quality of healthcare services in different countries. This study aims to examine the barriers to developing medical tourism and prioritize the factors to give an insight on where to allocate resources in the scope of a conceptual framework on medical tourism. Methods : Barriers to medical tourism in Turkey were identified based on the literature and experts’ opinions. As a result of the expert opinions, 23 factors were identified and grouped under five main categories. The analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize the factors. A pair-wise comparison form was prepared by the researcher and sent to experts. The data obtained from these forms was analyzed and weights were calculated. Results : The factors were ranked from most important to least important as follows: negative corporate image (w=0.319), quality of healthcare (w=0.198), incompatible regulations/law (w=0.177), human resources (w=0.163), and underdeveloped infrastructure (w=0.142). Conclusion : It was determined that the development of medical tourism is not sufficient, despite the great potential of Turkey in terms of technological healthcare services and attractiveness of tourism destinations. Major attempts should be made in marketing to attract medical tourists.
Proposal of a Train Localisation Method Based on the Addition of Cubic Code

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Train localisation is a crucial aspect of railway signalling systems, essential for ensuring safety and efficiency.Traditional methods mainly depend on track circuits, tachometers, and balises.These systems often encounter cost, maintenance, and accuracy challenges despite their usefulness.This study introduces an innovative approach to accurate train localisation using cost-effective onboard sensors, notably a one-dimensional Light Detection and Ranging sensor mounted atop train carriages.This arrangement allows for precise measurement of the distance from the train to the lowest part of surrounding structures.Introducing a small, recognisable marker, called cubic code, on these structures aids in their identification.Our methodology achieved a 100 % success rate in cubic code detection across 320 evaluations.This research highlights the feasibility of employing cubic codes and onboard sensors for effective train localisation.
Numerical Simulation of a Vortex Combustor Firing Dry Ultrafine Coal at 0.6 MW Thermal Input

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel vortex combustor (VC) burning various solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels was recently developed and tested for commercial heating applications. The combustor is characterized by the strong swirl and low temperature combustion environment. This paper presents the computer simulation of this VC firing dry ultrafine coal at 0.6 MW thermal input and 26% excess air. The overall model of gas-particle flow and combustion in the VC is briefly described along with typical numerical results of combustor performance in gas flow, particle flow, gaseous combustion, and particle combustion.
Soil loss and leaching, habitat destruction, land and water demand in energy-crop monoculture: some quantitative limits

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The environmental impacts of growing biomass for energy, especially for liquid automotive fuels, are potentially large. They are sensitive to the low power production per unit area (high land requirement) and to net energy balances. Initial quantitative estimates were made for impacts per unit power within several classes of impacts, and conversely, for limits to power produced if one avoids worst-class impacts. The following types of biomass energy technologies are considered: ethanol and methanol from grains and residues (temperate zone); jojoba wax (semi-tropical); ethanol from sugar cane and root crops (tropics); and silviculture for methanol via gasification.
Development of Android-Based Interactive Multimedia on Mushroom Material in High School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to produce Android-based interactive multimedia products that are feasible to use, easy for students to learn, and assist students in learning and improve student learning outcomes independently. This type of development research used the Dick, Carey & Carey developer design model. The test subjects consisted of a study teacher, six expert validators, and thirty-two students of X grade. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique, by using consideration of student scores, which were divided into three namely, high, low, and medium categories. The instruments used involved trial questionnaires, test questions, and student response questionnaires. Each of which had been validated and analyzed with the content validity of Aiken's V (Vcount ≥ Vtable). The research results show media expert validation with a score of 3.9 (valid and suitable for use), design expert validation with a score of 4.1 (very valid and highly suitable for use), and subject matter expert validation with a score of 4.1 (very valid and highly suitable for use). The results of individual test, small group test, and field test obtained an average result of 89.6% in the very positive category. Based on test performed by students, the results show that interactive multimedia development designs can be used to facilitate students to learn with an average percentage score of 85% (Very Positive Category). The feasibility of each of these processes shows that the Android-based interactive multimedia profile meets the requirements as a medium that can assist students in learning. The results of the effectiveness test also stated that interactive multimedia on Android-based had an effect and could improve students' cognitive learning outcomes with an N-Gain Score = 0.61 (Medium Category) and an Effect Size value = 2.322 (Category = Strong). The conclusion is based on the results of expert validation and product test, the Bio-Fungi learning application is feasible for use as a learning medium in the teaching and learning process and to improve students' cognitive learning outcomes.
A physicians survey assessing management of pulmonary airway involvement in sickle cell disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Airway involvement in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) involves recurrent episodes of acute chest syndrome (ACS), co‐existent asthma, lower airway obstruction (LAO), or airway hyper‐responsiveness/ bronchodilator response (AHR/BDR). With increased recognition that sickle cell (SC) airway inflammation may be distinct from asthma, our aim was to study regional and individual practices among pediatric pulmonologists and elucidate the patient characteristics that determine the diagnosis of asthma or SC airway inflammation. Methods A cross‐sectional web‐based survey including 6 case scenarios on diagnosis and management of pulmonary manifestations of pediatric SC airway disease was conducted. The case scenarios, combined different risk factors for airway inflammation: history of recurrent ACS, atopy, family history of asthma, LAO, or AHR/BDR, with possible responses including − diagnosis of asthma, SC airway inflammation, both or neither. Results Of the 130 responses, 83 were complete. “Asthma” was diagnosed when LAO (OR, 7.96 [4.28, 14.79]; p < 0.001), family history of asthma (OR 18.88 [5.87, 60.7]; p < 0.001), and atopy (OR 3.19 [1.74, 5.8]; p < 0.001) were present. “SC airway inflammation” was diagnosed when ACS (OR 3.95 [2.08, 7.51]; p < 0.001), and restrictive pattern on PFT (OR 3.75 [2.3, 6.09]; p < 0.001) were present in the scenarios. Regardless of the diagnosis, there was a high likelihood of initiating or stepping up inhaled corticosteroid as compared to prescribing montelukast. Conclusion There is variability in the diagnosis and management of SC airway inflammation among pediatric pulmonologists. This study highlights the need for consensus guidelines to improve management of SC airway inflammation.
Diterpenoids and phenolic analogues from the roots of Aralia continentalis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two new compounds, including a nor-pimarane diterpenoid (continentanol, 1) and a phenolic derivative (aralianic acid, 2), along with the known diterpenoids (3-11), polyacetylenes (12-15), phenolic components (16-28), and phytosterols (29 and 30), were isolated from roots of Aralia continentalis. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic data interpretation, particularly HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR data including HSQC and HMBC. Also, those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with those of the reported values.[Formula: see text].
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Low Back Pain on Quality of Life among Healthcare Professionals of Lahore, Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Low back pain being a prevalent disease is affecting the quality of life. The health care professionals also experience low back pain due to their nature of work. Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain with its contributing factors and its impact on life’s quality of healthcare professionals. Methods: The cross-sectional study design was applied to conduct this study. In this study, a total of 384 health care professionals from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan were randomly surveyed. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test used to analyze the data (p-value < 0.05). Results: The frequency of pain in lower back was 63% among health care professionals. A total of 56% female healthcare professionals had low back pain. Risk factors i.e. smoking behavior, poor posture at work, standing time, working hour per day, sleeping disorder and general stress had significant association with pain intensity rating scale (p-value < 0.005). The quality of life of healthcare professionals measured with Oswestry disability index (ODI) had also significant relation with low back pain (p-value < 0.0). Conclusions: In conclusion, the pain in lower back was more prevalent in female healthcare professionals. Occupational risk factors, Smoking behavior, sleeping disorder and general stress were considered as major risk factors. The most useful coping strategy was rest. The quality of life of healthcare professionals were highly effected by low back pain.
Xylan glucuronic acid side chains fix suberin‐like aliphatic compounds to wood cell walls

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Wood is the most important repository of assimilated carbon in the biosphere, in the form of large polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses including glucuronoxylan, and lignin) that interactively form a composite, together with soluble extractives including phenolic and aliphatic compounds. Molecular interactions among these compounds are not fully understood. We have targeted the expression of a fungal α‐glucuronidase to the wood cell wall of aspen ( Populus tremula L. × tremuloides Michx.) and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh), to decrease contents of the 4‐ O ‐methyl glucuronopyranose acid (mGlcA) substituent of xylan, to elucidate mGlcA's functions. The enzyme affected the content of aliphatic insoluble cell wall components having composition similar to suberin, which required mGlcA for binding to cell walls. Such suberin‐like compounds have been previously identified in decayed wood, but here, we show their presence in healthy wood of both hardwood and softwood species. By contrast, γ‐ester bonds between mGlcA and lignin were insensitive to cell wall‐localized α‐glucuronidase, supporting the intracellular formation of these bonds. These findings challenge the current view of the wood cell wall composition and reveal a novel function of mGlcA substituent of xylan in fastening of suberin‐like compounds to cell wall. They also suggest an intracellular initiation of lignin–carbohydrate complex assembly.