jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Which sEMG variable best distinguishes between non-lame and induced lameness conditions in horses?

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study aims to determine the most effective surface electromyography (sEMG) measure, from individual muscles, for distinguishing between non-lame and induced fore- (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness conditions. We compared bilateral sEMG absolute value and asymmetry measures from triceps brachii (triceps), latissimus dorsi, longissimus dorsi (longissimus), biceps femoris (biceps), superficial gluteal (gluteal) and semitendinosus. sEMG and 3D-kinematic data were collected from n=8 clinically non-lame horses during in-hand trot. iFL and iHL were induced on separate days using a modified horseshoe, with baseline data initially collected each day. MinDiff was calculated from poll (HDMin) and pelvis (PDMin) vertical displacement. sEMG signals were DC-offset removed, high-pass filtered (40 Hz), and full-wave rectified. Average rectified value (ARV) was calculated per stride and normalised to the maximum observed value of individual muscles at baseline (sEMGabs). The difference between right and left normalised ARV were calculated per muscle and stride (sEMGasym). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted, using area under the curve (AUC) as an overall measure of discrimination between baseline and iFL/iHL. MinDiff showed excellent discrimination for iFL (HDMin AUC=0.98) and iHL (PDMin AUC=0.96). Triceps sEMGasym was best (AUC=0.84) for differentiating iFL, with other measures showing fair to chance discrimination (AUC range=0.49-0.76). Lame-side gluteal, semitendinosus and longissimus sEMGabs (AUC range=0.90-0.91) showed excellent discrimination for iHL, followed by biceps sEMGasym (AUC=0.83). Evidently, the choice of sEMG variable is muscle/condition dependent: sEMGabs performed acceptably across muscles/conditions, but triceps and biceps sEMGasym, respectively, appear superior for discriminating iFL and iHL.
A fourth Sp1 site in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat is essential for negative-sense transcription

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the discovery of a fourth Sp1 binding site at the 5' end of the U3 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (HIV-1 Sp1 IV), localized to HXB2 nucleotides -433 to -441. This site is shown to bind Sp1 protein specifically in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Sp1 protein appears to bind to HIV-1 Spl IV with 5 to 10 times lower affinity than to a consensus Sp1 site. Mutation of HIV-1 Sp1 IV in an HXB2-derived long terminal repeat-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct gave no significant change in positive-sense transcription but abolished both basal and phorbol myristate acetate-activated negative-sense transcription. Taken together, the results further define the HIV-1 negative-sense promoter as an Sp1-dependent, phorbol myristate acetate-responsive, and Tat-inhibited promoter initiating at HXB2 nucleotide -450.
Semiconducting ${α'}$-borophene nanoribbon for high-efficiency spin-Seebeck diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The semiconductiong ${α'}$-borophene nanoribbon (${α'}$-BNR) due to its incredible properties such as high stability and great mobility of carriers demostrates high-efficiency in thermoelectric devices. These properties enable us to produce the spin current by a temperature gradient with lower energy consumption technology. In this research, the spin-dependent Seebeck effects are studied in a zigzag ${α'}$-borophene nanoribbon with two leads magnetized by ferromagnetic (FM) insulators. The thermoelectric calculations are performed for a ${α'}$-BNR FM/Normal/FM junction using the tight-binding (TB) formalism in combination with the non-equilibrium Green's function method (NEGF). A pure spin-dependent current due to the breaking of the electron-hole symmetry is induced in the system by a temperature gradient so that it can act as a spin-Seebeck diode. Moreover, the negative differential spin-Seebeck effect can be observed in this device dueto the compensation of thermal spin in the spin-dependent currents. Finally, we have studied the effect of temperature on the charge and spin power factors in ${α'}$-BNR. A significant decline in power factor is primarily arises from a reduction in the magnitude of thermopower near the Fermi level. Our findings demonstrate that the ${α'}$-BNR has a higher power factor compared to its rivals e.g., graphene and silicene. This is attributed to the semiconducting nature and high asymmetry between electrons and holes in the ${α'}$-BNR. The exceptional features of ${α'}$-BNR makes it a very suitable choice for using in thermoelectric devices.
OBS Simulation Tools: A Comparative Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Regarding network performance, simulators are the most frequently used instrument, in comparison with analytical tools and in situ measurements. Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a new paradigm where the use of modeling and simulation tools is very important. This paper studies and compares the four most relevant simulators used in scientific and academic research to model OBS networks (Network Simulator 2 (ns-2), OBS-ns Simulator, NCTUns, and OBSsimulator). The study can be used either to assist choosing the most adequate simulator for a particular scenario or to help improving the existing ones (or even create a new simulator from scratch). It's important to identify the parameters and protocols not supported (or implemented) whose performance analysis on OBS networks is critical and needs to be studied. Available simulators have several limitations because either they are not appropriate because they are based on packet traffic instead of burst traffic, or make simplistic assumptions not taking into account all of the resource reservation protocols and parameters that can influence the overall OBS network performance. We conclude that, based on the objectives of a user, this paper furnish the guidelines helping to the best choice taking into account the available simulation tools for OBS networks.
8. Speaking Out of the Experience of Violence. On the Question of Testimony

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Towards the end of Pier Paolo Pasolini's film Salo o le 120 giornate di Sodoma we see, in an extended sequence of scenes, the most abominable acts of violence, perpetrated in the courtyard of a pompous estate against a group of young women and men whose capture, maltreatment, humiliation, coercion into sexual compliance and exploitation has already emerged as the main subject matter of the cinematic narrative. The ultimate culmination of violence displayed in these scenes is performed on the most sensitive and, thus, at the same time most vulnerable zones of the tormented bodies. This chapter presents at least some elements of an examination of the discursive arrangements and constellations of speech that are particularly concerned with violence: the question of testimony. Keywords: Pier Paolo Pasolini; question of testimony; violence
RAISING AWARENESS ON THE URGENT NEED TO IMPLEMENT FRAILTY INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Frailty has been linked to longer hospital stays and increased mortality in hospitalized patients. Frailty was found at the most common condition leading to death, followed by organ failure, cancer, other causes, advanced dementia, and sudden death. Yet despite evidence linking frailty to poor outcomes, frailty is not implemented clinically in most countries. Since many people are not identified as frail, they frequently are treated inappropriately in health care settings. Participants in the international conference on frailty emphasized the importance of raising awareness about frailty among geriatricians, general practitioners, and other primary care providers in order to implement frailty in clinical practice. The following recommendations were agreed upon: 1. Prioritize the identification of frail older persons in community settings, hospitals, and specialty clinics in order to ensure that people with frailty are treated appropriately and have access to interventional studies; 2. Build frailty clinics as a means of providing optimal management of frail elders; 3. Develop intervention programs incorporating physical and cognitive exercise, social support, and nutrition for people in the earliest stages of frailty in order to slow or reverse frailty; 4. Build stronger basic and clinical research programs in order to better understand the underlying causes of frailty, identify therapeutic targets, and develop new treatment strategies.
Effect of an optical pump on the absorption coefficient of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3–La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics in the terahertz range

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The absorption coefficient of 0.4Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3–0.6La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic and its tunability under external optical fields are investigated at room temperature by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the absorption coefficient of 0.4Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3–0.6La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic is approximately 50–500 cm−1 in the frequency range of 0.1–0.8 THz. Application of the optical field leads to an appreciable tuning of dielectric loss, which reaches up to 20.5%. Further theoretical analysis revealed that the variation of absorption coefficient was related to light-induced carriers and OH− absorption in this ceramic.
A new hybrid evolutionary biclustring algorithm based on transposed virtual error

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Microarray technology in the last decade has been widely applied to detect correlated biomarkers in biological processes. Due to the need for analyzing massive amounts of generated data in this technology, computational intelligence approaches are used increasingly in this field. Biclustering algorithms are one of the most important of these techniques in microarray analysis. Two aspects of search mechanisms and biologists' desired patterns are the most essential issues in the design and evaluation of these algorithms. Different patterns can be achieved by considering different metrics. In this paper, Transposed Virtual Error (VET) is used as main metric. Also a hybrid evolutionary algorithm is proposed based on Evo-Bexpa algorithm which is introduced with VET. The proposed method is developed based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) used in Evo-Bexpa and Asexual Reproduction Optimization (ARO). The results indicate that underlying algorithm against Evo-Bexpa is more efficient in finding biclusters.
Growth characteristics of photoautotrophic biofilm in Donghu Lake in Wuhan.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Photoautotrophic biofilms were cultured and collected in different water layers of the Donghu Lake of Wuhan City from October to November 2005 in an experiment to study characteristics of their growth and activity. Several parameters including biomass, extracelluar polysaccharides, COD and dehydrogenase, were determined. Results show that the photoautotrophic biofilms in different depths experienced four growth periods like "latent adaptation period, growing period, abscising period, and regrowing period". The photoautotrophic biofilm growing in the water 20 cm in depth was higher than those in the water 100 cm in depth in growth rate, biomass and activity. The findings indicate that the physiological characteristics of the photoautotrophic biofilm in hypereutrophic water are quite similar to those in the clean natural water and eutrophication doesn't have significant effect on the growth of biofilm.
Review on DNA Cryptography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cryptography is the science that secures data and communication over the network by applying mathematics and logic to design strong encryption methods. In the modern era of e-business and e-commerce the protection of confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA triad) of stored information as well as of transmitted data is very crucial. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a genetic molecule consisting of two linked strands that wind around each other to form a double helical structure. The backbone of each strand is made of alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups. To each sugar one of four bases are attached i.e., adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). DNA molecules, having the capacity to store, process and transmit information, inspires the idea of DNA cryptography. It is the rapid emerging unconventional techniques which combines the chemical characteristics of biological DNA sequences with classical cryptography to ensure non-vulnerable transmission of data. This innovative method is based on the notion of DNA computing. The methodologies of DNA cryptography are not coded mathematically; thus, it could be too secure to be cracked easily.
Second-order wave diffraction by a circular cylinder using scaled boundary finite element method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) has achieved remarkable success in structural mechanics and fluid mechanics, combing the advantage of both FEM and BEM. Most of the previous works focus on linear problems, in which superposition principle is applicable. However, many physical problems in the real world are nonlinear and are described by nonlinear equations, challenging the application of the existing SBFEM model. A popular idea to solve a nonlinear problem is decomposing the nonlinear equation to a number of linear equations, and then solves them individually. In this paper, second-order wave diffraction by a circular cylinder is solved by SBFEM. By splitting the forcing term into two parts, the physical problem is described as two second-order boundary-value problems with different asymptotic behaviour at infinity. Expressing the velocity potentials as a series of depth-eigenfunctions, both of the 3D boundary-value problems are decomposed to a number of 2D boundary-value sub-problems, which are solved semi-analytically by SBFEM. Only the cylinder boundary is discretised with 1D curved finite-elements on the circumference of the cylinder, while the radial differential equation is solved completely analytically. The method can be extended to solve more complex wave-structure interaction problems resulting in direct engineering applications.
Justice, War and Politics: Vietnam in the United States

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question of justice and war is precisely a question: Can war ever be the task of justice? Pacifism is one clear response to this question. There are different pacifisms, certainly, but they seem to converge at the point of policy. There is a pacifism which may be called experiential, in the sense that one's reading of the history of armed conflict forces one to conclude that, on balance, war will never produce good fruit. There is another which may be intuitional or deontological, in that one somehow knows, independently of inductive, logical processes, that the life-taking which war is, is intolerable. Both positions yield a general policy posture: War may not be done.
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in a child and a review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cutaneous form of polyarteritis nodosa in children is extremely rare. Findings are usually limited to the skin, muscles and joints. It has a benign but often chronic course. We describe an 8‐y‐old girl with cutaneous PAN, with extensive livedo reticularis on lower and upper extremities, tender subcutaneous nodules, arthralgia and right ankle swelling. Skin biopsy revealed vasculitis of small and medium‐sized blood vessels characterized by fibrinoid necrosis. The use of prednisolone resulted in clinical improvement initially, but recurrence occurred during tapering. She showed marked improvement with additional high dose methyl prednisolone monthly.
PRO-FIBROTIC ROLE OF MYOSTATIN IN PEYRONIE'S DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008PRO-FIBROTIC ROLE OF MYOSTATIN IN PEYRONIE'S DISEASE Monica G Ferrini, Liliana P Cantini, Dolores Vernet, Thomas R Magee, Ansha Qian, Robert A Gelfand, Jacob Rajfer, and Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid Monica G FerriniMonica G Ferrini More articles by this author , Liliana P CantiniLiliana P Cantini More articles by this author , Dolores VernetDolores Vernet More articles by this author , Thomas R MageeThomas R Magee More articles by this author , Ansha QianAnsha Qian More articles by this author , Robert A GelfandRobert A Gelfand More articles by this author , Jacob RajferJacob Rajfer More articles by this author , and Nestor F Gonzalez-CadavidNestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60747-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "PRO-FIBROTIC ROLE OF MYOSTATIN IN PEYRONIE'S DISEASE." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 258 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 258 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Monica G Ferrini More articles by this author Liliana P Cantini More articles by this author Dolores Vernet More articles by this author Thomas R Magee More articles by this author Ansha Qian More articles by this author Robert A Gelfand More articles by this author Jacob Rajfer More articles by this author Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A Role for the Transmembrane Domain in the Trimerization of the MHC Class II-Associated Invariant Chain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract MHC class II and invariant chain (Ii) associate early in biosynthesis to form a nonameric complex. Ii first assembles into a trimer and then associates with three class II αβ heterodimers. Although the membrane-proximal region of the Ii luminal domain is structurally disordered, the C-terminal segment of the luminal domain is largely α-helical and contains a major interaction site for the Ii trimer. In this study, we show that the Ii transmembrane domain plays an important role in the formation of Ii trimers. The Ii transmembrane domain contains an unusual patch of hydrophilic residues near the luminal interface. Substitution of these polar residues with nonpolar amino acids resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of Ii trimerization and subsequent class II association. Moreover, N-terminal fragments of Ii were found to trimerize independently of the luminal α-helical domain. Progressive C-terminal truncations mapped a homotypic association site to the first 80 aa of Ii. Together, these results implicate the Ii transmembrane domain as a site of trimer interaction that can play an important role in the initiation of trimer formation.
[A review of the clinical progress on helminths and their derivative products in autoimmune disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traditional medications used for treating autoimmune diseases often come with a wide range of adverse effects. Current treatments focus mainly on symptom management, resulting in significant health issues and financial burdens for patients. Recently, clinical research has demonstrated the potential of helminths and their derivatives as effective therapies for autoimmune disorders. Helminths, being a near-natural immunomodulator, exhibit milder effects than broad-spectrum immunosuppressants and corticosteroids, thereby presenting a promising alternative for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, different helminths' therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms and their derivatives in treating autoimmune diseases may vary. Therefore, we aim to review recent clinical advancements in the use of helminths and their derivatives for treating inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder, with a view to offering novel clinical treatment approaches.
Expression and secretion of inhibin and activin in normal and neoplastic uterine tissues. High levels of serum activin A in women with endometrial and cervical carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inhibins and activins are growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta) family and are known to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Because transforming growth factor-beta is involved in physiological and tumoral changes of uterine tissues, the present study aimed to evaluate whether human normal and neoplastic endometrial and cervical epithelial cells express and secrete inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A. To test this hypothesis, different approaches were used. By RT-PCR, the expression of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for the inhibin alpha, activin betaA and betaB subunits, and activin receptor type II and type IIB was investigated: 1) in primary cultures of endometrial (stroma and epithelium) or cervical (epithelium) cells from healthy women; and 2) in specimens of endometrial or cervical carcinoma. To demonstrate a possible secretion of the proteins, dimeric inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A were measured in culture medium of normal epithelial or stromal endometrial cells and in uterine washing fluid of healthy women or patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Levels of the proteins were also measured in serum of women with endometrial or cervical carcinoma. Cultured endometrial stromal or epithelial cells and epithelial cervical cells expressed inhibin alpha, activin betaA and betaB, and activin receptor type II and type IIB mRNAs. The same finding was obtained in specimens of endometrial or cervical carcinomas. Dimeric inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A were measured in culture medium of both endometrial and cervical cells. In particular, resulting activin A levels were significantly higher in epithelial than in stromal cultured endometrial cells (P < 0.01). Dimeric proteins were also detected in the washing fluid of the uterine cavities of healthy women (controls) and with endometrial adenocarcinoma, in which higher activin A levels were found (P < 0.01 vs. controls). Women with endometrial carcinoma showed serum activin A levels significantly higher than healthy controls (P < 0.01), which significantly decreased after surgical removal of endometrial or cervical tumors (P < 0.01). The present study, for the first time, showed that inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A, as well as activin receptors, are expressed in normal and neoplastic human uterine tissues. A secretion of activin A from tumoral cells into systemic circulation is suggested by the observation that the high levels in serum of patients with endometrial or cervical carcinoma decreased after the surgical removal of the tumor.