jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐specific electric response Audiometry (ERA) and its clinical application in the diagnosis of hearing defects in the dog

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Reference values were established for frequency‐specific electric response audiometry (ERA) in dogs on the basis of the results of ERA examinations of 200 animals with normal hearing. Air‐conducting acoustic tubes with foam stoppers were used in the determination of the following: the latencies of waves I, III and V; interpeak latencies (IPL) I‐III, III‐V and I‐V; amplitudes I and V; and the amplitude difference I‐V. A frequency‐specific stimulus (tone pip) was used for frequency‐specific examination (1 to 4 kHz) over the entire frequency range indicated. These reference values were then used for the clinical examination of 50 dogs with hearing defects. A frequency‐specific ERA was conducted and the results evaluated. These findings made it possible to draw objective conclusions about the degree, type and site of the hearing defects. Frequency‐specific electric response audiometry was shown to be an important diagnostic tool for the detection of partial high‐ and low‐frequency hearing loss and for the characterisation of hearing defects of otological, otoneurological and neurological origin.
Clostridial Endophthalmitis After Cornea Transplantation—Florida, 2003

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endophthalmitis is a severe condition caused by inflammation of the ocular cavity that often is associated with infection of the internal structures of the eye. The source of infection can include bacteria disseminated through the bloodstream and contamination of the cornea at the time of ocular surgery or trauma. Complications include rapid, reversible vision loss that can progress quickly to panophthalmitis, requiring surgical removal of the eye. Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus found in soil and bowel flora, is an infrequent cause of endophthalmitis. Although the majority of cases are caused by penetrating injury with soil-contaminated foreign bodies, C. perfringens endophthalmitis has been reported in patients after cataract surgery. This report describes two cases of C. perfringens endophthalmitis that occurred within 24 hours after transplant of contaminated corneas. These cases demonstrate the potential for transmission of Clostridium infection from donor to recipient. Clinicians should be aware of potential infection risks associated with transplantation of corneal tissues and report any infections to the appropriate eye bank.
A comparative multicentre trial of halometasone/triclosan cream and diflucortolone valerate/chlorquinaldol cream in the treatment of acute dermatomycoses.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this multicentre, between-patient trial the efficacy and tolerability of a cream, containing 0.05% halometasone and 1% triclosan, was compared with those of Nerisona C cream, containing 0.1% diflucortolone valerate and 1% chlorquinaldol, in 183 patients with acute dermatomycoses. Halometasone/triclosan cream and the comparative cream showed closely similar results with respect to good to very good therapeutic effects (60% versus 57%). However, halometasone/triclosan cream proved superior to the comparative preparation with regard to very good (cured) results (53% versus 46%), an early cure in less than 30 days (41% versus 34%) and onset of action within 3 days of starting the treatment (32% versus 18%). Mycological findings were positive on direct microscopy in 36% and 43% and in culture in 19% and 17% of the patients following treatment with halometasone/triclosan cream and the comparative cream preparation, respectively. Adverse effects were reported in seven out of 108 patients treated with halometasone/triclosan cream and in five out of 107 patients treated with the comparative preparation.
Critical Factors Influencing Construction Productivity in Thailand

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Factors affecting construction in Thailand were disclosed in previous studies carried out by the authors, which confirmed that the construction industry in Thailand has experienced productivity problems like many other countries (1-2). The objective of this paper is to identify factors that should be focused upon, when productivity improvement is to be initiated. To do so, 34 project managers working in the construction industry in Thailand completed a structured questionnaire survey and the factors were ranked according to their perception of their levels of influence and their potential for improvement based on their overall experience in managing projects in the industry. To supplement the questionnaire data, in depth interviews were conducted with some project managers. This study is intended to create the foundation for further study of construction productivity measurement and improvement in Thailand, which aims to lead to overall productivity improvement.
SOIL-AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ARABLE LAND OF THE VALDAI UPLAND BASED ON THE GENERAL SURVEY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A methodical approach to the digital mapping of the arable lands area depending on their soil-agroecological and positional conditions is proposed. The approach was tested on a model plot located on the Valdai Upland with an area of 160 thousand ha. Small-scale agricultural development of the poorly dissected moraine plains is limited by the wide distribution of overmoistened soils. Using the traditional discriminant analysis, a measure of the topographically determined duration of soil overmoistening was calculated based on a comparison of the morphological diagnostics of water regime and topography runoff properties according to the grid elements of 30 × 30 m. The drainability range was determined for the arable lands of XVIII century, reconstructed according to the materials of the General Survey. This allowed us to determine the potential area of the arable lands for this period. The area of arable lands, which is characterized by favorable conditions of transport accessibility and soil drainability, was 12 %. At the same time, reconstructed area contained 5 %. In the subsistence economy of the XVIII century more than a half of the potential arable lands of the model region turned out to be undeveloped.
Tangible Benefits From Intangible Resources: Using Social and Cultural History to Plan Neighborhood Futures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Intense development pressures in fast-growing cities threaten to displace many social and ethnic minority populations and the diverse histories they have created. We assess recent efforts of planners and preservationists in San Francisco to develop programs that use history to encourage greater participation of marginalized populations in the local planning process and protect cultural practices that contribute to the city's diversity. We find that these joint efforts to develop broad cultural preservation programs offer the potential to make planning more inclusive of underserved populations and preserve elements of diverse cultural traditions. However, San Francisco's experience demonstrates the challenges these programs present for planning practice because the historic resources of marginalized populations are often more "intangible" than traditional landmarks. The difficulties encountered include adequately identifying such historic sites, creating new tools to protect them, and the openness of planning and preservation professionals to "softer" interpretations of cultural importance. Takeaway for practice: To preserve a diverse range of cultural activities, planners should help social and cultural minorities identify key community assets. Policies that protect these assets can be complicated by the often intangible nature of cultural practices and may require nonstandard measures that go beyond traditional land use regulation.
Issue Editorial Masthead

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIssue Editorial MastheadCite this: Macromolecules 2017, 50, 23, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):December 12, 2017Publication History Published online12 December 2017Published inissue 12 December 2017https://doi.org/10.1021/mav050i023_1153057Copyright © 2017 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (159 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The institute of Ethiopian studies library and its documentation services

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the last few decades research activities have grown rapidly in Ethiopia. Introduction of higher education and foreign assistance for this purpose have led the Ethiopian Government to set up several research institutes in the country. The Institute of Ethiopian Studies is one of them, set up to enable research activities in various areas of Ethiopian culture as well as to provide a documentation centre for them. Information and documentation are considered to be the infrastructure of research work. The present state of information and documentation services of the Institute is briefly described along with its history, activities and sections. The importance of introducing some new devices, such as compiling bibliographies, cumulative indexes, book lists and starting a newsletter to keep the researchers abreast of new developments at the Institute.
An intensive care unit: two years' experience in a provincial hospital.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The subject of intensive care units is topical, but there is some confusion of thought on what constitutes such a unit.Ideas range between the extremes of a unit to which every unconscious or seriously ill patient should be admitted to a highly specialized "germ-free " area for the nursing of cases undergoing organ transplant.While intensive care must be given to various categories of patients, the unit here described has been intended to relieve all the wards of the hospital of cases which without such a unit require a " special " nurse.Experience gained in this type of intensive care unit may be of assistance to other hospitals.
The Value of Trading Consolidation: Evidence from the Exercise of Warrants

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study the effect of trading consolidation by examining the response of liquidity and stock price to the exercise of deep in-the-money corporate warrants. This enables a relatively clean test of the value of trading consolidation. The exercise at the warrant expiration is fully anticipated and has no information content. An effect can come from the value of trading consolidation that improves liquidity. Indeed, we find that liquidity and stock prices both increase significantly at warrant expiration. Further, the price increase is positively related to the pre-exercise extent of fragmentation, to post-exercise improvement in stock liquidity, and to the proportional increase in the number of shares following the warrant exercise.
An Integrated Modeling Framework for Routing of Hazardous Materials

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We deal with the problem of vehicle routing optimization in the case of transportation of Hazardous Materials (HazMats). This paper introduces a collaborative approach for the HazMat Vehicle Routing Problem (HVRP) by integrating the element of transportation frequencies (as a macro variable) in order to create routing schemes that minimize the overall Cost and Risk factors. This work incorporates several risk and cost models into an innovative software framework which can simulate various decision making scenarios for dynamically formed road networks and can be used by the competent authorities. We include in the objective function under optimization the variance of road usage as an additional parameter to be minimized and we argue on its importance to accommodate traffic balancing on the networks under study. Experimental results verify that our approach outperforms well known methodologies for the case of risk optimization and equally competes for the case of cost optimization.
Unraveling the complex pathophysiology of white matter hemorrhage in intracerebral stroke: A single‐cell RNA sequencing approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim This study aims to elucidate the cellular dynamics and pathophysiology of white matter hemorrhage (WMH) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Using varying doses of collagenase IV, a consistent rat ICH model characterized by pronounced WMH was established. Verification was achieved through behavioral assays, hematoma volume, and histological evaluations. Single‐cell suspensions from the hemorrhaged region of the ipsilateral striatum on day three post‐ICH were profiled using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq). Gene Ontology (GO) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) further interpreted the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results Following WMH induction, there was a notable increase in the percentage of myeloid cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), alongside a reduction in the percentage of neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Post‐ICH WMH showed homeostatic microglia transitioning into pro‐, anti‐inflammatory, and proliferative states, influencing lipid metabolic pathways. Myeloid cells amplified chemokine expression, linked with ferroptosis pathways. Macrophages exhibited M1 and M2 phenotypes, and post‐WMH, macrophages displayed a predominance of M2 phenotypes, characterized by their anti‐inflammatory properties. A surge in OPC proliferation aligned with enhanced ribosomal signaling, suggesting potential reparative responses post‐WMH. Conclusion The study offers valuable insights into WMH's complex pathophysiology following ICH, highlighting the significance and utility of scRNA‐seq in understanding the cellular dynamics and contributing to future cerebrovascular research.
New Insights into How Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors Shape the Developing Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Development passes through sensitive periods, during which plasticity allows for genetic and environmental factors to exert indelible influence on the maturation of the organism. In the context of central nervous system (CNS) development, such sensitive periods shape the formation of neuro‐circuits that mediate, regulate, and control behavior. This general mechanism allows for development to be guided by both the genetic blueprint, as well as the environmental context. While allowing for adaptation, such sensitive periods are also windows of vulnerability during which external and internal factors can confer risk to brain disorders by derailing adaptive developmental programs. Our group has been particularly interested in developmental periods that are sensitive to serotonin (5‐HT) signaling, and impact behavior and cognition relevant to psychiatry. Specifically, we review a 5‐HT‐sensitive period that impacts fronto‐limbic system development, resulting in cognitive, anxiety, and depression‐related behaviors. We discuss preclinical data to establish biological plausibility and mechanistic insights. We also summarize epidemiological findings that underscore the potential public health implications resulting from the current practice of prescribing 5‐HT reuptake inhibiting antidepressants during pregnancy. These medications enter the fetal circulation, likely perturb 5‐HT signaling in the brain, and may be affecting circuit maturation in ways that parallel our findings in the developing rodent brain. More research is needed to better disambiguate the dual effects of maternal symptoms on fetal and child development from the effects of 5‐HT reuptake inhibitors on clinical outcomes in the offspring. Birth Defects Research 109:924–932, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Public Cognitions and Emotions Associated with Sea Star Wasting Disease: An Exploratory Study in Oregon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Biological research on sea star wasting disease (SSWD) is abundant, but there is little examining the human dimensions of this threat to marine environments. This article explored public emotions and cognitions (attitudes, norms) toward SSWD, and how these concepts are related to knowledge and risk perceptions associated with this threat. Data were from a survey of residents in the coastal and most populated regions of Oregon (n = 507). Respondents were grouped by their risk and knowledge, and shown five images depicting deteriorating conditions associated with SSWD, with questions measuring cognitions and emotions in response to each image. Knowledge about SSWD was quite low, and respondents perceived SSWD as a moderate risk to marine environments and a slight risk to themselves. As both knowledge and risk increased, awareness increased and emotions, attitudes, and norms became more negative, especially as SSWD conditions deteriorated. Implications and explanations of these findings were discussed.
The photodynamic effects of hematoporphyrin and light on the cytoplasm of human leukemic cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Degenerative changes as seen by electron microscopy in malignant cells treated with hematoporphyrin and white light consist of a) swelling and disruption of mitochondria, b) early loss of cytoplasmic projections, c) formation of localized zone of new cytoplasmic projection which then detach from cell surface, and d) nuclear degeneration occurs late as a last event. Therefore, we postulate that the combination of hematoporphyrin and light exerts its primary toxic effects on the cytoplasm and that the first organelle to present morphologic alterations are the mitochondria.
Shrinkage Estimation in Partially Linear Models with Measurement Error

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In practice, measurement error in the covariates is often encountered. Measurement error has several effects when using ordinary least squares for the regression problems. In this thesis, we introduce the basic idea of correcting the bias caused by different types of measurement error. We then focus on the variable selection for partially linear models when some of the covariates are measured with additive errors. The bias caused by the measurement error is corrected by subtracting a bias correction term in the squared loss function. Adaptive LASSO is used for the variable selection procedure. The rate of convergence and the asymptotic normality of the estimators resulted by the proposed procedure are established. We also proved that, with the correct choice of the rate of the regularization parameter, the proposed procedure asymptotically performs as well as when the true model is known in advance. This is the so-called oracle properties.
Cortical Dynamics Underlying Waves of Perceptual Dominance: Gestalt Psychology Vindicated

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During the first part of the last century the Gestalt psychologists proposed that the dynamics evident in visual perception were attributable to ever-changing electrical potentials within topograpically organized brain fields (Kohler, 1920). Dynamic field theory, as it was called, was subsequently discredited on grounds that the brain does not comprise a field but, instead, a richly interconnected network of discrete computing elements. But even within this modern conceptualization of brain function, we still face the challenge of explaining the phenomena that inspired the Gestalt psychologists: the nature of the medium does not change the fact that perception is dynamic in space and in time. To tackle the challenge of relating perceptual and cortical dynamics, my colleagues, Sang-Hun Lee and David Heeger, and I have been studying the phenomenon of binocular rivalry together with brain imaging using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMR). Our findings to date reveal the existence of waves of cortical activity that travel across the retinotopic map in V1, in correspondence with the subjective perception of spreading waves of dominance during binocular rivalry. This brief paper summarizes some of our initial findings.
Theobald Boehm- reformátor priečnej flauty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The thesis describes versatile personality of Theobald Boehm as the investor and constructor of contemporary type of german flute in 19th century. It catches in historical context which precedes his life and work, Boehm´s virtuoso carrier, pilgrimage of instrumentmaker, his work in the field of physic and metallurgy engineering through lifelong innovating of the flute. The considerable part of thesis is devoted to the evolution of that tool with mentioning basic technical facts of the flute. Contemporary, it is mentioned also consequentional development of flute´s literature and pedagogy which belong also to the work of Teobald Boehm as the propagator of his instrument, musical composer and excellent pedagogist. The picture demonstration of portraits, instruments and Boehm´s scheme is composed within text of thesis. In appendix, there is also demonstration of composed music and fluts from Boehm´s workshop.
Implementation of the FAIR Data Principles for Exploratory Biomarker Data from Clinical Trials

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The FAIR data guiding principles have been recently developed and widely adopted to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets in the face of an exponential increase of data volume and complexity. The FAIR data principles have been formulated on a general level and the technological implementation of these principles remains up to the industries and organizations working on maximizing the value of their data. Here, we describe the data management and curation methodologies and best practices developed for FAIRification of clinical exploratory biomarker data collected from over 250 clinical studies. We discuss the data curation effort involved, the resulting output, and the business and scientific impact of our work. Finally, we propose prospective planning for FAIR data to optimize data management efforts and maximize data value.
FluidsFormer: A Transformer-Based Approach for Continuous Fluid Interpolation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we introduce FluidsFormer: a transformer-based approach for\nfluid interpolation within a continuous-time framework. By combining the\ncapabilities of PITT and a residual neural network (RNN), we analytically\npredict the physical properties of the fluid state. This enables us to\ninterpolate substep frames between simulated keyframes, enhancing the temporal\nsmoothness and sharpness of animations. We demonstrate promising results for\nsmoke interpolation and conduct initial experiments on liquids.\n