jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identifying priorities for future research on reducing and stopping psychiatric medication: results of a James Lind Alliance priority-setting partnership

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective The objective of this study is to identify the top 10 research priorities on reducing and stopping psychiatric medication that reflect the perspectives and unmet needs of three key stakeholder groups (people with lived experience, family members/carers/supporters and healthcare professionals). Methods A priority-setting partnership was conducted using the James Lind Alliance’s seven-step process. This involved (1) creating an international Steering Group of key stakeholder representatives and (2) identifying potential partners; (3) gathering stakeholders’ uncertainties about reducing and stopping psychiatric medication using an online survey and summarising the survey responses; (4) checking the summary questions against existing evidence and verifying uncertainties; (5) shortlisting the questions using a second online survey; (6) determining the top 10 research questions through a prioritisation workshop; and (7) disseminating the results. Results A total of 3635 questions were collected in the initial survey from 884 respondents of which 32 questions were verified as uncertainties. These questions were then ranked in a second online survey by 526 respondents and the findings discussed in a final prioritisation workshop by 30 participants to produce the final top 10 list of research questions. These questions cover a range of areas including the most effective ways of safely reducing/stopping psychiatric medication and providing support to individuals undergoing the discontinuation process, as well as the best ways to educate healthcare professionals on this topic. Conclusion The top 10 list of research priorities was produced through extensive engagement with key stakeholders and highlights important uncertainties and gaps in the existing evidence base that need to be addressed by future research.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND SKILLS OF NURSING STUDENTS REGARDING EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for improving healthcare outcomes by integrating clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence. However, the adoption of EBP remains challenging, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of nursing students regarding EBP in tertiary hospitals in Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 nursing students using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic variables and EBP-related responses. Results: The majority of participants (46.2%) were aged 26-30 years, and most held a BSN qualification (43.1%). Knowledge about EBP was limited, with only 28.5% correctly defining it and 46.9% recognizing clinical practice guidelines as the most useful knowledge source. Attitudes were predominantly negative, with only 26.2% agreeing that EBP aids clinical decision-making. Skills assessment revealed that while 66.2% were confident in evaluating scientific articles, only 34.5% could formulate clinical questions for evidence searching. Conclusion: The findings highlight substantial gaps in EBP-related competencies among nursing students in Pakistan. Curriculum enhancements, mentorship programs, and improved access to research resources are urgently needed to address these deficiencies and promote the integration of EBP into nursing practice.
Farklı donma hızlarının seçilmiş meyve ve sebzenin tekstür ve kalite parametrelerine etkisi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The freezing rates of strawberry and green bean were determined at -23, -26 and -27°C in a home type freezer. For the estimation of freezing rate, the temperature-time data was obtained with a thermocouple embedded inside the sample. The freezing rates of strawberry were 0.75, 0.93 and 1.02 cm/h at -23, -26, and -27°C, respectively. For green bean, the freezing rates were 0.36, 0.50, 0.57 cm/h at -23, -26, -27°C, respectively. In three freezing rates studied, cellular integrity was examined with NMR relaxometry analysis. NMR relaxometry analysis showed that the freezing rates studied did not keep the cellular integrity in strawberries. However, cell integrity of green bean was kept better after freeze-thawing in comparison to strawberry. Packaged strawberries and green beans were frozen stored at -27°C for 3 months to determine some quality parameters such as L-ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and color change. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity change of selected samples did not decrease a value lower than 80% during the frozen storage at -27°C. L-ascorbic acid losses were approximately 42 and 27 % for 13 weeks of frozen storage of strawberry and green bean, respectively. The degradation rate of ascorbic acid was lower in green bean in comparison to strawberry. A significant change in color was not observed for the selected samples. Home freezing should be done appropriately to preserve the nutritional content and texture of fruits and vegetables. The approximations and analyzes used in this study, can be a base to design and produce a convenient deep freezer systems.
Regret in Repeat Purchase versus Switching Decisions: The Attenuating Role of Decision Justifiability

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The decision-making literature has consistently reported that decisions to maintain the status quo tend to be regretted less than decisions to change it. We examine the consequences of repeat purchasing (maintaining the status quo) versus switching in the context of information regarding the reason for the decision (e.g., prior consumption episode, brand history), and we argue that there are situations in which repeat purchasing may cause as much or even more regret than switching. We contend that this effect depends on whether or not there is a justifiable basis for the decision. In a series of four studies, we show that if there is sufficient motivation to warrant a switch, consumers will feel less regret in the face of a subsequent negative outcome realized via a switch than in one realized via a repeat purchase. Our results imply that feelings of regret are mitigated when the consumer reflects and concludes that the decision was appropriate under the circumstances. Copyright 2002 by the University of Chicago.
A probability-based acoustic source localization scheme using dual-microphone smartphones

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new acoustic source localization scheme, called Probabilistic Cutting Method (PCM), with randomly deployed smartphones which equipped with known location and direction dual-microphones. Instead of using the value of TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival), we just use binary information (0/1) and probability to convert the localization problem into plane cutting issues. We can easily come up with the Basic Cutting Method (BCM), but it may appear empty set when error (location error, angle error or error anchors) occurs. PCM can effectively avoid the problem along with lower positioning error. When comparing PCM with TDOA and BCM in different aspects, simulation evaluation results indicate that PCM algorithm achieves highly robustness and accuracy.
Effect of the structure of silane‐coupling agent on dynamic mechanical properties of dental resin‐nanocomposites

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract This work was aimed at the study by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of dental composites consisted of a Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA (50/50 wt/wt) matrix and silica nanoparticles (Aerosil OX50) as filler, silanized with various silanes. The silanes used were 3‐[(1,3(2)‐dimethacryloyloxypropyl)‐2 (3)‐oxycarbonylamido] propyltriethoxy‐silane (UDMS), 3‐methacryloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane (MPS), octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS), blends of UDMS/OTMS (50/50 wt/wt), or MPS/OTMS (50/50 wt/wt). The total amount of silane was kept constant at 10% by weight fraction relative to the filler weight. The silanized nanoparticles were mixed with the dimethacrylate matrix (60% filler by weight fraction). The composites were light cured and tested by DMA for the determination of storage modulus ( E ′), loss modulus ( E ″), tangent delta (tan δ), and glass transition temperature ( T g ). Measurements were performed in samples immediately after curing and samples stored in water at 37°C for 1, 7, 30, or 120 days. OTMS‐composite in which OTMS does not form covalent bond with the dimethacrylate matrix showed lower elastic modulus both in dry and wet conditions. The ability of bifunctional UDMS for crosslinking was found not to increase the elastic behavior of the composite, as it was expected, compared with that of MPS‐composite, because of the high amount of the silane used. After immersion in water the elastic modulus of OTMS‐composite remained constant, while that of the other composites increased after 1 day and then remained constant up to 120 days. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dependence of the adsorption and catalytic properties of a copper-platinum catalyst on the structure of metal particles and the composition of the catalyst surface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics of H2 desorption from the surface of a copper-platinum catalyst deposited on silica gel ([1 wt % Pt + 0.15 wt % Cu]/SiO2) and the kinetics of C6H12 dehydrogenation were studied. The effects of copper introduction in a platinum catalyst on the structural characteristics of platinum particles, the composition of their surface, and the effects of plasmochemical treatments on these parameters were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The metal-H atom bond energies (E Pt-H) and the catalytic activity were found to increase in the presence of Cu. This was explained by the formation of new hydrogen adsorption centers (due to the Cu+δ adatoms) and catalytic centers composed of Cu+δ adatoms and carbon atoms. The mean diameter of Pt particles (D) increased twofold. The microstresses (ɛ) in the particles increased after the catalyst was treated with glow discharge plasma in Ar and O2 and with high-frequency plasma in H2 (HF-H2). The observed changes in the bond energy E Pt-H and kinetic parameters were explained by the increase in microstresses in Pt particles.
ON THE COUPLING OF 1D AND 3D DIFFUSION-REACTION EQUATIONS: APPLICATION TO TISSUE PERFUSION PROBLEMS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we consider the coupling between two diffusion-reaction problems, one taking place in a three-dimensional domain Ω, the other in a one-dimensional subdomain Λ. This coupled problem is the simplest model of fluid flow in a three-dimensional porous medium featuring fractures that can be described by one-dimensional manifolds. In particular this model can provide the basis for a multiscale analysis of blood flow through tissues, in which the capillary network is represented as a porous matrix, while the major blood vessels are described by thin tubular structures embedded into it: in this case, the model allows the computation of the 3D and 1D blood pressures respectively in the tissue and in the vessels. The mathematical analysis of the problem requires non-standard tools, since the mass conservation condition at the interface between the porous medium and the one-dimensional manifold has to be taken into account by means of a measure term in the 3D equation. In particular, the 3D solution is singular on Λ. In this work, suitable weighted Sobolev spaces are introduced to handle this singularity: the well-posedness of the coupled problem is established in the proposed functional setting. An advantage of such an approach is that it provides a Hilbertian framework which may be used for the convergence analysis of finite element approximation schemes. The investigation of the numerical approximation will be the subject of a forthcoming work.
Binary nucleation in acid–water systems. I. Methanesulfonic acid–water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Experimental measurements of binary nucleation between methanesulfonic acid and water vapor were carried out for relative acidities (Ra), 0.05&lt;Ra&lt;0.65, and relative humidities (Rh), 0.06&lt;Rh&lt;0.65, using a continuous flow mixing-type device. The number concentration of particles leaving the nucleation and growth tube was measured as a function of the initial relative humidity and the relative acidity in the temperature range from 20 to 30 °C. Particle size distributions were also measured and found to vary with the amount of water and acid present. The system was simulated to predict the total number of particles and the total mass of acid in the aerosol phase using a simple integral model and classical binary nucleation theory allowing for the formation of acid–water hydrates in the gas phase. At low particle concentrations, condensation rates did not significantly change the saturation levels and the nucleation rates were estimated from the total number concentration data as functions of Ra, Rh, and temperature. The values of experimental and theoretical nucleation rates differed significantly, with Jexpt/Jtheor changing as a function of temperature from 10−8 to 10−4 as temperature varied from 20 to 30 °C. This work represents the first systematic experimental study of the temperature dependence of binary nucleation.
Kerendahan Hati dan Kepedulian Lingkungan: Filipi 2:3-4 Mengatasi Perilaku Membuang Sampah Sembarangan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to identify Philippians 2:3-4 as the basis for one's understanding of the importance of caring for others with full devotion. Because the current waste problem is a problem that must be solved. However, the awareness of every policy regarding the dangers of waste is the main problem. For this reason, this article provides an effort to provide awareness about the importance of awareness and concern for this increasingly degraded environment. Philippians 2:3-4 is an example of counsel for all walks of life, where Paul is present to enlighten the Philippians about the importance of caring for others. The anthropocentric nature must be immediately eliminated in the life of mankind. In writing this article, the author uses a library study (library reaserch) by adding the results of interviews as a primary source of their responses to various problems caused by indifference to the environment. So it was found that in this waste problem, a person's selfish attitude, and indifference to the dangers that can occur if they throw garbage carelessly. An attitude of concern for others and the environment is very important to maintain a balance in life.
Basal-Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in US Women and Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male cohort, the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (1988-2006). Age-adjusted BCC incidence rates increased from 519 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,019 cases per 100,000 person years for women and increased from 606 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,488 cases per 100,000 person-years for men during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified the following phenotypic risk factors for BCC in both cohorts: family history of melanoma, blond or red hair colors, higher number of extremity moles, higher susceptibility to sunburn as a child/adolescent, and higher lifetime number of severe/blistering sunburns. The multivariate-adjusted risk ratio for the highest quintile of cumulative midrange ultraviolet B flux exposure versus the lowest quintile was 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 2.70, 3.76) in women and 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.57, 2.29) in men. BCC incidence was generally higher in men than in women, and BCC risk was strongly associated with several phenotypic and exposure factors, including midrange ultraviolet B radiation, in our study populations.
Impact of silicon application on downy mildew severity in melon plants during the rainy season

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Downy mildew is one of the main foliar diseases affecting melon plants during the rainy season in the Northeast region of Brazil. Silicon (Si) application has emerged as an alternative method for pathogen control, forming physical barriers and activating defense mechanisms in plants. The objective of this study was to reduce the severity of downy mildew in melon plants during the rainy season through foliar application of Si. The treatments consisted of five rates (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 L ha-1) of potassium silicate (12% Si and 15% potassium) applied from May to July 2022, with four replications. Disease severity was assessed using rating scales, chlorophyll contents, and transient chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP). The rate of 2 L ha-1 resulted in the best results by delaying pathogen development in leaves with disease incidence. Disease severity decreased to 68.27% and chlorophyll a, b, and total increased by 8.21%, 13.86%, and 9.72%, respectively. Si application resulted in beneficial changes in the following OJIP test parameters: ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, ABS/CS0, and TR0/CS0. During periods of high rainfall intensity and mild temperatures, Si application to melon plants reduces downy mildew severity and protects chlorophylls, enhancing the absorption flux (ABS) and electron storage (TR0) and transport (ET0).
Ionizing Radiation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ionizing radiation is undoubtedly one of the most intensely studied of all toxic agents. The impetus for understanding its manifold effects came from its extensive use since the beginning of the century in medical diagnosis and in treating cancer. With the development of atomic energy during World War II, the field expanded dramatically. Atomic energy became one of the country's largest industries. The potential health hazards from occupational and environmental sources of radiation became an important area for research; it spawned a new field in the post‐World War II era of measurement and control called health physics. Under the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), a great national laboratory complex was established for research on weapons and power production and for biomedical and physics research. Long‐term biomedical research was also initiated at large university‐based facilities and by the support of individual grants. The development and sale of radioisotopes and radiation measuring instruments was subsidized by the AEC to the great benefit of biomedical research in general. Radiation biology has its own society, (the Radiation Research Society), and its own journal, the Journal of Radiation Research . In recent years, radiation has become an integral tool for understanding cellular function at the molecular level, for example, the tumor suppressor gene, p53. However, the level of biomedical research on radiation is much lower in the last few decades than earlier. This chapter gives the toxicologist the basic features of radiation biology. Because of the scope of the field, only the essential concepts are presented. The reader is referred to textbooks and other publications cited for more details.
Serological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The past decade has seen dramatic developments in serological tests for tuberculosis. The long history of serological tests for tuberculosis is a testimony to the need for a sensitive diagnostic test, especially when the sputum smear is unhelpful. New reagents, both purified antigens and monoclonal antibodies, provide the means to obtain a sensitivity and specificity to rival the tuberculin skin test and equal other commonly used diagnostic blood tests. Evaluation with sera from patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis has identified one antigen (antigen 5, the 38 kDa antigen) as a potential screening reagent for infectious tuberculosis and another (16 kDa antigen) for monitoring compliance. A monoclonal antibody competition assay anti-38 kDa antibody is the most sensitive serological test for smear-negative tuberculosis so far. Tests for tuberculous meningitis need clinical evaluation. Serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related tuberculosis are disappointing. In general, antibody levels in primary tuberculosis are low and appear directed towards cytoplasmic antigens, whilst in post-primary disease antibody levels are higher and appear to bind to secreted antigens. No single reagent gives a 100% sensitivity; future research should identify the best combination of antigens for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
Improvement of image matching by using the proximity criterion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to develop a new algorithm for matching stereo images to the 3D reconstruction. We propose the use of a proximity criterion, to improve performance, and applying of the second chance algorithm. The similarity measures used are mutual information and correlation coefficient. The matching is done between neighborhoods of points of interest extracted from the images. We work in case which the sensor has a slight displacement between two images. The tests are performed on grayscale images.
"The greatest gift you give to your children is yourself": reflections on fatherhood

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to analyze fathers' participation during the postpartum period. It is descriptive research with a qualitative approach, utilizing the snowball technique for participant recruitment and theoretical saturation for interview completion, which were analyzed through thematic-categorical content analysis. Nineteen fathers aged between 29 and 41 participated in the study. Most of them consider themselves actively involved fathers in their children's lives, engaging in childcare and responsibilities beyond financial provision. However, they express a desire to be more involved. Encouraging fathers' involvement throughout the pregnancy and postpartum cycle should be a goal for healthcare teams to contribute to reducing gender inequalities, alleviating maternal burden, and fostering active fatherhood with their duties and rights.
Stone Scissors Paper. A Trilogy of Papers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a trilogy of papers about land and people and the ecology they create together. Leah lives on the coast in South Wales. Lisen lives on the island of Gotland in Sweden. Gail lives in Yorkshire in the north of England. What connects us and our writings is the land, its history, its place in industry and what we do and don’t see. The cuts in the land reflect the cuts in our minds, unnegotiated edits in our stories, and disconnects in political discourses. This trilogy of papers documents some of these cuts and joins. We speak about the land we walk on and the stories told about it. We point to scars in the landscape and ask how they connect with those in the lungs and on the wrist. The landscape of the present holds clues about its past and its future. And the timescapes in the writings evoke a necessity to connect time and place, human and non-human colonising and liberatory methods and live with a maddening, flickering lenticularity (Pillow, 2019).