jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute cerebral infarction on heart rate variability,QT dispersion and ventricular late potential

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of acute cerebral infarction and its location and severity on heart electric activity. Methods One hundred and seven patients with acute cerebral infarction(CI) and 79 healthy persons on physical examinations as controls were entered into the study.The difference of standard diviation of NN intervals(SDNN) which demonstrates the heart rate variability (HRV),QT dispersion(QTd),and ventricular late potential(VLP) was analysed between patients with CI and healthy controls,between patients with CI in anterior circulation and those in posterior circulation,and between patients with mild CI and those with severe CI.Results SDNN in patients with CI was significantly lower,while QTd and the positive rate of VLP were significantly higher,than those in healthy controls(P0.01).SDNN in patients with CI in posterior circulation was significantly lower(P0.05).while QTd and the positive rate of VLP were significantly higher(P0.01),than those in patients with CI in anterior circulation.SDNN in patients with severe CI was significantly lower,while QTd and the positive rate of VLP were significantly higher,than those in patients with mild CI(P0.01).Conclusions CI as well as its location and severity can influnce the heart electric activity.HRV in patients with CI,especially in those with CI in posterior circulation or in severe condition,tends to be lower while QTd and the positive rate of VLP tend to be higher.
The Daubert guidelines: Usefulness, utilization, and suggestions for improving quality control.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Federal courts and many state courts have adopted the Daubert standard for the admissibility of expert witness evidence. I briefly describe the Daubert guidelines, their utility, and current use. I also share some thoughts on the implications of the Daubert guidelines for improving peer review as a method of quality control in the courtroom, alerting the courts to factors that can threaten the internal validity of research, and increasing the frequency in which experts accurately apply valid, reliable research to support their opinions.
Surfactant-Mediated Spontaneous Imbibition in Carbonate Rocks at Harsh Reservoir Conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The goal of this work is to pursue strategies to improve oil recovery in highly fractured carbonate reservoirs by altering the wettability from oil-wet to preferentially water-wet at high temperature (100°C or above), high salinity, and especially high hardness environments. Cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants were investigated for their compatibility with hard brine and thermal/hydrolytic stability. Sequestration agents were added to improve aqueous solubility. The performance of surfactant formulations was evaluated by measuring contact angles on calcite plates and spontaneous imbibition in originally oil-wet dolomite cores. Cationic surfactants altered the wettability of oil-aged calcite plates towards a more water-wet state in the presence of hard brines; oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition from dolomite cores was 50–65% OOIP. Anionic surfactant formulations changed the carbonate wettability to strongly water-wet only when the brine salinity and divalent ion concentration were reduced. The wettability could be altered in hard brines if a sequestration agent (e.g. EDTA) is added to anionic surfactant formulations; up to 45% OOIP was recovered by spontaneous imbibitions. EDTA provides alkalinity, saponification, chelation of divalent ions, and dissolution of dolomite; these mechanisms are responsible for the increase in imbibition rate and ultimate oil recovery in fractured carbonates.
Relationship between Family and Myopia: Based on the Jiangsu School Student Myopia Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose. This study aims to increase our understanding of the relationship between family and myopia in Chinese children. Methods. Students had a physical examination and were required to provide the necessary demographic information. Children and their guardians from different family types were required to fill in a questionnaire concerning myopia factors. Results. In this study, the prevalence of myopia in enrolled students aged 6–17 is 55.5%. The proportion of the nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, and left-behind family is 40.6%, 43.7%, 11.1%, and 4.6%, respectively. Myopia rates from different family types by the order (nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, and left-behind family) are 60.0%, 52.0%, 54.7%, and 50.9% taking on a decreasing trend, which shows an opposite trend comparing with elevated blood pressure, dental caries, and obesity. The interaction effect of the family type and region, physical examination, lifestyle (including diet habits, near work, outdoor activities, and sleep), and types of lamps and whether scolded by parents can have a significant impact on myopia. For primary school students (grade: 1–5), the prevalence of myopia in the nuclear family was a bit higher than that of myopia in the left-behind family, but for children in junior and senior high schools, both prevalences stayed similar. Conclusions. In this study, education pressure and time outdoors are still at play, and this kind of effect shows different phenomena in different families. Therefore, previous interventions would still work, and then the most critical challenge would be to ensure that left-behind children completed more schooling.
Sexual self-schema: a cognitive schema and its relationship to choice of contraceptive method among Polish women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine sexual self-schema in women using different methods of contraception. Methods: Women (N = 560) aged 18-55 years were divided into two groups: those who used hormonal contraception (n = 285) and those who used non-hormonal contraception (n = 275). Participants were assessed using the Sexual Self-Schema Scale (SSSS), the Well-Matched Marriage Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and were also asked to fill in a structured questionnaire, giving information on their socioeconomic status, reproductive and medical history, sexual behaviours, psychosexual orientation, sexual experience and type of contraception used. Results: Women in the hormonal group scored lower on romantic, passionate and direct subscales of the SSSS, compared with women in the non-hormonal group. Of the total sample, 35% were classified as positive schematic. Women in the hormonal group were found to be more negative schematic and aschematic as well as less co-schematic compared with women in the non-hormonal group. Furthermore, women in the hormonal group were significantly less religious and perceived their self-evaluated weight to be higher compared with women in the non-hormonal group. Logistic regression revealed that negative schematic (odds ratio [OR] 6.6) and aschematic women (OR 3.7), as well as women with more deliveries (OR 1.6), were more likely to choose hormonal contraception. Conclusion: A sexual self-schema might be a relevant factor affecting the choice of contraceptive method. All women seeking hormonal contraception who are aschematic or negative schematic should consult with a sexual medicine specialist, because those individuals may have more profound reasons underlying their need for this type of contraception.
Feminist Advocacy and War on Terror Militarism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the era of the War on Terror, female U.S. service members and veterans have successfully advocated for formal recognition of their combat service. These women are able to articulate an anti-misogynistic, anti-racist, anti-homophobic message that is highly critical of the military, while remaining palatable to mainstream media and successfully engaging the support of some military leaders and politicians. Their success is due to organizations like the Service Women’s Action Network (SWAN). The use of Female Engagement Teams (FETs) in Afghanistan and The Lionness Program in Iraq give women specific ways of documenting their combat experience, contributing to SWAN’s ability to gain visibility and pursue changes in law and policy. A critical discourse analysis of SWAN’s use of digital/social media and web presence illustrates how SWAN uses War on Terror militarism to effectively advocate for marginalized groups within the military. Though they invoke the participation of female soldiers in global warfare, however, a discussion of the impact of this militarism on populations of women in Iraq and Afghanistan is almost entirely omitted. The result of this is an advocacy that relies on characterizing female service members as exceptional soldiers, and frames feminist values as in line with the project of boosting military strength, rather than diminishing it.
Simulated Tests of Differential Item Functioning Using SIBTEST With and Without Impact

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Monte Carlo simulations with 20,000 replications are reported to estimate the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis regarding DIF using SIBTEST when there is DIF present and/or when impact is present due to differences on the primary dimension to be measured. Sample sizes are varied from 250 to 2000 and test lengths from 10 to 40 items. Results generally support previous findings for Type I error rates and power. Impact is inversely related to test length. The combination of DIF and impact, with the focal group having lower ability on both the primary and secondary dimensions, results in impact partially masking DIF so that items biased toward the reference group are less likely to be detected.
Serological and bacteriological survey of three horse studs for contagious equine metritis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY A bacteriological and serological survey for evidence of contagious equine metritis (CEM) was made during the 1980 breeding season on 3 horse studs in South Australia with a history of previous infection. Swabs from the clitoral sinus and the cervix were cultured for Haemophilus equigenitalis and serum was screened for antibody using the complement fixation test (CFT) and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity of both tests was greater than 0.99 but the ELISA was more sensitive in detecting antibody in infected mares. On the evidence presented it was concluded that H. equigenitalis is no longer present in the horse studs investigated.
Musical/Choreographic Discourse: Method, Music Theory, and Meaning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For excellent reasons, dance academe today is eager to site dance within an interdisciplinary framework, to raise the level of dance scholarship itself by drawing on academic traditions of longer standing, and, by engaging with what is valuable to dance from other disciplines, to lessen the risk of reinventing the wheel. The major thrust of this interdisciplinarity has been towards contextual studies of dance, using models from literary criticism and the social sciences, in a direct response to the key raging academic debates of our times. In recognizing their responsibility to take part in such debates, dance scholars have tended to distance themselves from the analysis of movement structures, those formalist aspects that some would say are special to dance. This essay suggests that this separation does not necessarily have to happen: it attempts to integrate these apparently oppositional perspectives, dance theory and broad cultural theory, and to open a dialogue between them. Indeed, in-depth analysis of structure is seen to make its own special contribution to an understanding of the "broader picture." I also suggest that the discipline of musicology provides one very useful methodological model for this formalist area of analysis. There is the proviso that one cannot apply every musical idea unreservedly to dance. Nevertheless, in the analysis of dances, especially those without plot, music provides obvious parallels for thinking, or, at least, appropriate starting points for argument. Its theories also relate directly to my focus of study, musical/choreographic relationships, a study that draws together my two areas of specialist training.
A new sesquiterpene from Ixeris chinensis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The petroleum ether (PE) extract from Ixeris chinensis was submitted to chromatographic separation. A new sesquiterpene, namely 14-noreudesma-3-hydroxy-3-en-2,9-dione, was isolated from the PE extract. The structures of the sesquiterpene was elucidated by using spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
Expression of CD14 and scavenger receptor in alveolar macrophages of mice with endotoxin-induced lung injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of the conversion of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from immune defensive cells to effective cells in mice with endotoxin induced lung injury. Methods The mouse model of endotoxemia was established with intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of three different dosages. Expression of scavenger receptor (SR) and CD14 in AMs was observed with immunohistochemistry and analyzed with computer image system. Lung body index, pathological changes of lung tissues and the survival rate of the mice were studied. Results Expression of CD14 was increased while that of SR was decreased on the surface of AMs in a time dependent manner, but the former was not further increased with the increase of LPS dosage. Changes of SR and CD14 expression on AMs were paralleled with the severity of lung damages and the survival rate of the mice. Conclusion The down regulation of SR expression and up regulation of CD14 expression on surface of AMs might be one of important mechanisms of the conversion of AMs from immune defensive cells to effective cells in acute lung injury.
Invasive Species as Rivals: Invasive Potential and Distribution Pattern of Xanthium strumarium L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Xanthium strumarium L. is a globally successful invasive herb that has had significant negative ecological, economic and social impacts in many world regions. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate the invasive potential and spatial distribution patterns of X. strumarium in heavily invaded plant communities of the semiarid regions of northern Pakistan. Investigations were based on data from 20 plants grown in the Herbarium at the University of Malakand, and from observations in 450 plots distributed across 45 stands representing habitats across Northern Province including open fields, hillocks and abandoned areas in both urban and rural areas. Multivariate analysis identified elevation, organic matter and organic carbon as the environmental variables most associated with communities invaded by X. strumarium. Increased soil silt was positively associated and available water was negatively associated with X. strumarium–invaded communities. These key environmental characteristics allowed us to identify four main associations: Group I: X. strumarium-C. sativa, Group II: X. strumarium-P. hysterophorus, Group III: X. strumarium-A. aspera and Group IV: X. strumarium-C. sativa. Other invasive species were observed, either exotic, such as P. hysterophorus, or indigenous, such as C. sativa and D. inoxia, often co-occurring and responding similarly to these factors. The results suggest that high temperature with drought stress could be a determinant of increasing population at lower elevations, whereas colder climates with adequate moisture are related to reduced populations at higher elevations, near the species’ upper range limits. It is recommend that the inclusion of appropriate, additional soil and climatic variables in species distribution models be implemented in order to better explain species’ ecological niches and help guide conservation and protection plans for native plant communities.
Determination of Theanine, GABA, and Other Amino Acids in Green, Oolong, Black, and Pu-erh Teas with Dabsylation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dabsyl chloride (dimethylaminoazobenzene sulfonyl chloride), a useful chromophoric labeling reagent for amino acids and amines, was developed in this laboratory in 1975. Although several methods have been developed to determine various types of amino acids, a quick and easy method of determining theanine, GABA, and other amino acids has not been developed in one HPLC system. In this paper are analyzed the free amino acid contents of theanine and GABA in different teas (green tea, black tea, oolong tea, Pu-erh tea, and GABA tea) with a dabsylation and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled with a detector at 425 nm absorbance. Two reverse phase columns, Hypersil GOLD and Zorbax ODS, were used and gave different resolutions of dabsyl amino acids in the gradient elution program. The data suggest that the tea source or the steps of tea-making may contribute to the theanine contents variations. High theanine contents of high-mountain tea were observed in both green tea and oolong tea. Furthermore, the raw (natural fermented) Pu-erh tea contained more theanine than ripe (wet fermented) Pu-erh tea, and the GABA contents in normal teas were generally lower than that in GABA tea.
Effect of Electrostatic Charge on the Production and Composition of Pharmaceuticals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Powdery pharmaceuticals are prone to electrostatic charging due to collisions of particles and friction with device walls. The generated electrostatic charge is influenced by particle properties, processing and conditions. The charge of active particles and excipients is often inconvenient being able to cause problems in the production of solid dosage forms. The electrostatic charge of powdery particles affects properties of the materials and all procedures as the charge affects the behaviour and purity of the final dosage form. The problem of electrostatic charging of powders is more complicated when two or more compounds with different physical, chemical and dielectric properties are combined. To better understand the mechanism of electrostatic charging it is necessary to explain all the effects that contribute to charging solid active ingredients and excipients.
PEMBUATAN NANOPARTIKEL-PERAK EKSTRAK DAUN UBI JALAR ORANGE (Ipomoea batatas L.) DENGAN METODE BIOREDUKSI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS TERHADAP JUMLAH TROMBOSIT Mus musculus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aims to make silver nanoparticles (NPP) of orange Sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) using bioreduction method and test the effect of giving silver nanoparticles - leaf extract of Ipomoea batatas L. orange (Ipomoea batatas L.) to the number of thrombocyte from male of Mus musculus induced by aspirin. The precursor used is 1 mM AgNO3 solution and as bioreductor is an antioxidant compound in orange sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.). The ratio of AgNO3 1 mM solution volume and orange sweet potato leaf extract is 9: 1 with 2 hours time. The characteristic test again obtained NPP is done using FTIR and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) using Dynamyc Light Scattering method (DLS). The results showed that from the PSA analysis is known the average size of NPP – I. Batatas, L leaf extract is an average of 86.0 nm with a polydispersity value (PDI) of 0.17 < 1 that indicates that the NPP-leaf extract particle size distribution It is less homogeneous and are less stable.The results show that the administration of silver nanoparticles - orange sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) can increase the platelet count of male mice significantly Dose of 0.014 g / Kgbb of 259,600 / mm3.
An approach to anaesthesia for scoliosis repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scoliosis is a condition that involves abnormal lateral curvature of the spine which may also involve rib cage deformity. It is described radiologically with a Cobb angle > 10°,1 and can be classified by the shape of the deformity and by which part of the spinal column is involved. In addition to cosmetic consequences, severe disease also leads to chronic back pain and may impact cardiorespiratory function. Generally, a Cobb angle > 45–50° requires surgery.2
Scoliosis can be classified aetiologically. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis accounts for approximately 75% of cases3 and occurs in 1–3% of the general population.4 Of those patients, only 0.1% will require surgery in order to improve function and cosmesis.4 Surgery may involve a posterior approach, anterior approach or a combination of the two.4
[Cholangitis and biliary sepsis: problem and ways of solution].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The distinctions and interrelationship were established between acute cholangitis and biliary sepsis. Patients with hyperbilirubinemia were divided into four groups according to the developed criteria of inclusion and of using a new strategy of treatment for each group. It determined the result of treatment, i.e. resulted in lower lethality, shorter stay at hospital, less cost of treatment. One of the main criteria for the inclusion into a certain group was considered to be the index of blood plasma procalcitonin.
New cancellation technique for electromagnetic induction sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new technique is presented for canceling the coupling between the coils of an electromagnetic induction sensor while using simple dipole detection coils. A secondary bucking transformer is used to cancel the coupling between the coils. The technique allows the cancellation that can be obtained using a quadrupole receive coil while maintaining the depth sensitivity and simple detection zone of a dipole coil. Simple circuit models for the sensor with some of the important parasitic effects are developed. An experimental model is developed and used to demonstrate the technique. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate more than 75 dB of cancellation up to 100 kHz and the response of the sensor to a few targets.
Convenient grafting through approach for the preparation of stealth polymeric blood pool magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract New hydrosoluble magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) macrocontrast agents are synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate (PEOMA) with an acrylamide bearing a ligand for gadolinium, followed by the complexation of Gd 3+ . This convenient and simple grafting through approach leads to macrocontrast agents with a high relaxivity at high frequency that is imparted by the restricted tumbling of the Gd 3+ complex caused by its attachment to the polymer backbone. Importantly a very low protein adsorption is also evidenced by the hemolytic CH50 test. It is the result of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) brush that efficiently hides the gadolinium complex and renders it stealth to the proteins of the immune system. Improved contrast and long blood circulating properties are thus expected for these macrocontrast agents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011