jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Elderly patients and the idea of having medication deprescribed: a mixed method study in Portuguese primary health care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Deprescribing is the process of tapering or stopping medications aiming at improving patient outcomes and optimising current therapy. Some studies have tried to identify which patients will have inappropriate medication deprescribed, but none have found any association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, number of prescribed medications or duration of medication. Our aim was to determine Portuguese elderly patients’ attitudes and beliefs regarding medication use and their willingness to have regular medications deprescribed. Material and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in triangulation in primary care centres from mainland Portugal and its autonomous regions. We used a random sample of 386 polymedicated older adult patients who answered the questionnaire between October 2018 and February 2019. For the quantitative analysis, we used sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profile and medication. For the qualitative analysis, we studied an included open question by coding participants’ answers; common codes were grouped together. A convergent mixed methods design was used. Results 74.0% expressed the belief that medicines were generally beneficial. 19.9% reported a strong belief that medicines were harmful and 33.4% that they were overused. 61.8% were against the idea of deprescribing and 24.6% were in favour of deprescription. Those against the idea had a lower education level (p = 0.006) and a higher number of self-perceived morbidities (p = 0.001) than those not against it. Conclusions Medication benefits were accepted by the majority of patients who also were against the idea of deprescribing. It is important that doctors are aware of this reality, namely in the primary care setting, addressing the patients’ fears and beliefs and making the deprescribing process possible.
Identification and characterisation of selective antagonists for TMEM16A(acd) isoform for the treatment of obstructive respiratory diseases

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

TMEM16A protein is a Ca2+ activated Cl- channel associated with multiple diseases, including respiratory disease, for which it has become an attractive drug target. The channel is upregulated and over-activated in Airway Smooth Muscle (ASM) of asthmatic patients, leading to abnormal constriction of bronchi associated with severe Asthma1. Relaxing ASM with antagonists of TMEM16A was proposed to serve as a novel mechanism of bronchodilation and an alternative to β-agonist treatment to improve lung function. Different isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, with two major splicing variants known as TMEM16A(abc), predominant in goblet cells and possibly involved in mucus secretion, and TMEM16A(acd), mainly expressed in human ASM2. The aim of this study was to identify new chemical matter to antagonise TMEM16A. To that end, we established a FLIPR high throughput screening assay to identify novel chemotypes using a TMEM16A(acd)-expressing cell line. Surprisingly, we uncovered some chemotypes selective for TMEM16A(acd) over TMEM16A(abc), as confirmed by electrophysiological measurements. Measuring bronchodilation of mouse tracheal rings with the wire myograph, we showed that TMEM16A(acd) selective antagonists were not able to relax rodent tracheal rings as opposed to non-selective antagonists. We also showed that TMEM16A(acd) selective antagonists were unable to block TMEM16A short-circuit current of human bronchial epithelium. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first report of small molecules able to selectively block TMEM16A(acd) while sparing TMEM16A(abc). 1- Wang et al, vol 141,1259, 2018. 2- Miner et al,vol 10, 2019.
Effectiveness and Safety of Ablative Er:YAG Laser Treatment of External Genital Warts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate effectiveness and safety of the use of ablative Er:YAG laser for removal of external genital warts (EGW), also called condylomata acuminata (CA).Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study performed at Gynecology Clinic Juna in Ljubljana, Slovenia. All patients older than 18 years that were clinically diagnosed with EGW and were treated with ablative Er:YAG laser between January 2012 and December 2017 were included in the study.Results: A total of 133 female patients (mean age 39.6 ± 12.9 years, range: 19–80) with EGW were eligible to be included in this study. EGW have been present from one to seven months, with a mean presence of 2.1 ± 2.0 months. The majority of the warts were on the labia, major some also on the mons pubis. The size of the lesions was 2–8 mm. The majority of patients, who completed therapy (74 patients out of 116; 64 %) received only one treatment and 82 % of the patients (n = 95) showed complete clearance of the lesions, without recurrence observed to date of analysis. Complete clearance was achieved after an average of 1.33 treatment sessions. Recurrence was reported by 21 patients (18 %). Recorded adverse effects of laser treatment were mild and transient.Conclusion: Er:YAG laser removal of EGW is a simple, quick and safe procedure, particularly suitable for large volume EGW or those that are located in anatomical sites difficult to access by other techniques.
Behavioral DiverCity: individual differences in behavior change along an urbanization gradient

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Urbanization is occurring globally at an unprecedented rate and, despite the eco-evolutionary importance of individual variation, we still have limited insight on how phenotypic variation is modified by anthropogenic environmental change. Urbanization can increase individual differences in some contexts, but whether this is generalizable to behavioral traits, which directly affect how organisms interact with, and respond to, environmental variation, is not well known. Here we examined variation across three behavioral traits linked to stress reactivity, anti-predator response, and novelty-coping (breath rate, handling aggression, and exploration behavior) in great tits Parus major along an urbanization gradient. We phenotyped &gt; 1000 individuals across 9 yr, to test whether individual differences in behavior increased with urbanization and spatial environmental heterogeneity. We used two different approaches: a city vs. forest comparison (ie a binary descriptor) and an urbanization gradient approach (ie a continuous quantitative score from 0 to 1) to explore the influence of built-up areas at different spatial scales. Our results reveal that urban individuals display more diverse stress-related and anti-predator behaviors (breath rate and handling aggression), yet show more similarity in their exploratory behavior than forest counterparts. However, there was no evidence that individual variation changes along the percentage of built-up areas for any traits. This study suggest that generalizations about how behavioral traits respond to urbanization will differ across behavioral dimensions. In particular, we may expect decreased individual diversity in urban birds for traits related to behavioral response to novelty.
Chemical derivatization for forensic drug analysis by GC- and LC-MS.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Utilizing chemical derivatization (CD) to improve gas chromatographic (GC) and GC-mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of drugs has been abundantly studied and widely practiced, while in liquid chromatography (LC) and LC-MS, application of CD approaches is still at an early stage. Silylation, acylation, and alkylation are common CD reactions, long adopted by GC and GC-MS (including GC-MS/MS) methodologies, to improve analytes' stability and/or to optimize their extraction/separation and detection efficiencies. Highly polar and nonvolatile analytes are not amenable to GC-MS analysis without the CD step; however, CD can improve LC-MS analysis of highly polar analytes, especially those with low molecular weights. Many CD reagents developed for GC and GC-MS applications are also effective in LC-MS. Other CD reagents are developed for LC-MS to enhance analytes' performance under electrospray and atmospheric pressure ionization sources. Certain CD reagents are designed to facilitate analytes' fragmentation (upon collision-induced dissociation) in generating intense product ions for sensitive MS/MS detection. In this review, various CD reagents, reaction types, and application examples are presented and discussed, with emphases on GC-MS and LC-MS analysis of drugs of abuse.
[Clinical application of phase contrast angiography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

"Phase Contrast Angiography" is a new technique of Magnetic Resonance Angiography as reported by Dumoulin CL et al. Using this technique, we can obtain images of vessels (angiograms) without injection of contrast medium. We present the results of phase contrast angiography on cerebral and spinal vascular disease. We utilized the General Electric SIGNA, 1.5 tesla NMR. One hundred and ninety-one cases of cerebral and spinal vascular diseases were scanned using phase contrast angiography. Included were 90 cases of occlusive vascular disease, 16 cases of moyamoya disease, 39 cases of arteriovenous malformation, and 28 aneurysms. The phase contrast angiography uses flow encoding gradient pulses, which impart a velocity-dependent phase shift to the transverse magnetization of moving spins. The resulting image contains only information from the moving spins; while information from stationary tissue remains suppressed. In cases using 3-D angiogram, we made 32 images 6 degrees apart in their projection direction and displayed them on a video terminal. We were able to visualize occlusions of vessels, aneurysms, bypassed vessels, and abnormal vessels of arteriovenous malformations. Retrospective evaluation comparing phase contrast angiography with conventional angiography of the stenotic findings on the horizontal portion of middle cerebral arteries (64 vessels of 32 patients), resulted in a false positive ratio of 39.1%. We obtained clinically valuable results regarding the hydrodynamics of patients using "phase contrast angiography" non-invasively. These results reveal not only "anatomical" images of vessels, but also "functional" images, which are sensitive to the pattern of the blood flow. This study would strongly suggest that phase contrast angiography presents a valuable tool for the clinical diagnosis of cerebral and spinal vascular diseases.
The Anxiety of Dance Performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concern of this paper is to address the ways in which dance performance as an ideological, representational vehicle derives its power and transforms ideology into actions and beliefs. In addition, the aim is to address the ways in which the nature of subjectivity is challenged by psychoanalytic theory leading to a further understanding of the constitution of female subjectivity and the impossibility of imposing a sexually differentiated schemata as a fully rounded acquisition. By taking a brief analysis of Swan Lake I will demonstrate the relevance of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, showing the ways in which it highlights questions regarding the difficulties of spectatorship for women — questions that are particularly apt when asked in relation to the content, structure and style of Swan Lake.KeywordsPsychoanalytic TheorySymbolic OrderBlack SwanSwan LakeOedipus ComplexThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Mellow and Thick Taste of Pu−Erh Ripe Tea Based on Chemical Properties by Sensory−Directed Flavor Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mellow and thick taste is a unique characteristic of pu−erh ripe tea infusion, and it is closely related to the chemical composition of pu−erh ripe tea, which is less studied. This paper clarifies and compares the chemical composition of pu−erh ripe tea to that of the raw materials of sun−dried green tea, and uses membrane separation technology to separate pu−erh ripe tea into the rejection liquid and the filtration liquid. The results show that microorganisms transformed most physicochemical components, except caffeine, during the pile fermentation. It was found that total tea polyphenols, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, theabrownin, and galloylated catechins became enriched in the rejection liquid, and the rejection liquid showed a more obvious mellow and thick characteristic. Taste interactions between crude protein, crude polysaccharide, and theabrownin were determined. They illustrated that the mellow and thick taste of pu−erh ripe tea with the addition of theabrownin increased from 4.45 to 5.13. It is of great significance to explore the chemical basis of the mellow and thick taste in pu−erh tea for guiding the pu−erh tea production process and for improving the quality of pu−erh tea.
Modeling Neutralization Kinetics of HIV by Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies in Genital Secretions Coating the Cervicovaginal Mucosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) represents a promising “first line of defense” strategy to reduce vaginal HIV transmission. However, it remains unclear what levels of bnAb must be present in CVM to effectively reduce infection. We approached this complex question by modeling the dynamic tally of bnAb coverage on HIV. This analysis introduces a critical, timescale-dependent competition: to protect, bnAb must accumulate at sufficient stoichiometry to neutralize HIV faster than virions penetrate CVM and reach target cells. We developed a model that incorporates concentrations and diffusivities of HIV and bnAb in semen and CVM, kinetic rates for binding (kon) and unbinding (koff) of select bnAb, and physiologically relevant thicknesses of CVM and semen layers. Comprehensive model simulations lead to robust conclusions about neutralization kinetics in CVM. First, due to the limited time virions in semen need to penetrate CVM, substantially greater bnAb concentrations than in vitro estimates must be present in CVM to neutralize HIV. Second, the model predicts that bnAb with more rapid kon, almost independent of koff, should offer greater neutralization potency in vivo. These findings suggest the fastest arriving virions at target cells present the greatest likelihood of infection. It also implies the marked improvements in in vitro neutralization potency of many recently discovered bnAb may not translate to comparable reduction in the bnAb dose needed to confer protection against initial vaginal infections. Our modeling framework offers a valuable tool to gaining quantitative insights into the dynamics of mucosal immunity against HIV and other infectious diseases.
Melanchthons Briefwechsel, I: Regesten 1–1109 (1514–1530). Edited by Heinz Scheible. Pp. 456. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1977. n.p.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Additional file 3 of Comparative genomic analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H25 associated with a severe pediatric case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Davidson County, Tennessee, US

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 3: Table S1. Strains used for comparative analysis. Table S2. Strains used for phylogenetic analysis.
Computing the Distribution and Expected Value of the Concomitant Rank-Order Statistics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work gives a new representation of the distribution and expected value of the concomitant rank of order statistics. An advantage of this representation is its ability to extend without any complexity to the multivariate case. Moreover, it gives a new direct approach to compute an approximate formula for the distribution and expected value of the concomitant rank of order statistics. Finally, an upper bound is derived for the confidence level of the tolerance region of the original bivariate (resp., multivariate) d.f., from which the sample is drawn. Key Words: Order statisticsConcomitantsRankingTolerance regionMathematics Subject Classification: Primary 60F05Secondary 62E15, 62E20, 62G30 Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the anonymous referee for valuable comments and helpful suggestions that contributed to the quality of the paper presentation.
Laser Photolysis and Spectroscopy in the Nanosecond Time Range: Excited Singlet State Absorption in Coronene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. R. Novak, M. W. Windsor; Laser Photolysis and Spectroscopy in the Nanosecond Time Range: Excited Singlet State Absorption in Coronene. J. Chem. Phys. 15 October 1967; 47 (8): 3075–3076. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1712336 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Economic Development Theory of Ibnu Khaldun: Interrelation between Justice and Umran al-Alam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT – Leading Islamic thinker, Ibn Khaldun, proposed a nuanced theory of economic development that transcends mere material advancement. This theory integrates Islamic principles within a comprehensive framework. This study aims to delve deeper into Ibn Khaldun's economic development theory, focusing on its emphasis on the Islamic way of life and the concept of Umran al-Alam (prospering the earth). A descriptive analysis methodology was employed through a review of existing literature. Ibn Khaldun outlines eight key suggestions and various variables for achieving economic development. Significantly, he underscores the importance of Umran al-Alam, highlighting humanity's responsibility to cultivate the earth. From an Islamic perspective, economic development should prioritize socio-economic justice and maintain a balance between communal well-being and a healthy economy. This study contributes to a more profound understanding of Islamic economic thought and its potential connections to contemporary notions of sustainable development. Further research opportunities lie in exploring the practical applications of Ibn Khaldun's theories within Islamic economic models.==============================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Teori Pembangunan Ekonomi Perspektif Ibnu Khaldun: Interelasi Keadilan dan Umran al-Alam. Pemikir Islam terkemuka, Ibn Khaldun, menawarkan teori pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih bernuansa, tidak sekedar diukur dari sesuatu yang bersifat materi semata-mata. Teori ini mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip Islam ke dalam kerangka kerja yang komprehensif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggali secara dalam teori pembangunan ekonomi Ibn Khaldun, khususnya pada cara hidup Islami dan konsep "umran al-Alam" (pemakmuran bumi). Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi analisis deskriptif dengan data-data dari sejumlah literatur tersedia. Ibn Khaldun menguraikan delapan komponen inti dan sejumlah variabel untuk mencapai pembangunan ekonomi dimaksud. Ibnu Khaldun menggarisbawahi pentingnya umran al-Alam, yang menyoroti tanggung jawab manusia dalam memakmurkan bumi. Dari perspektif Islam, pembangunan ekonomi harus memprioritaskan keadilan sosial-ekonomi dan menjaga keseimbangan antara kesejahteraan bersama dan sistem ekonomi yang sehat. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pemikiran ekonomi Islam dan potensi hubungannya dengan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan kontemporer. Peluang penelitian lebih lanjut terletak pada eksplorasi aplikasi praktis teori-teori Ibn Khaldun dalam model ekonomi Islam.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupled Processes of Methoxycarbonylation and Cyclization of N,N‐Di(2‐ propynyl)haloanilines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
OPTIMIZATION OF A CLAY-SLATE FLUIDIZED BED DRYER FOR PRODUCTION OF FISH FEED

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For feed producers who suffer from high intolerance to production costs, the only way to cope with the condition is to avoid devices that drive up costs. Extruded feed processed from a clay-slate dryer through a fluidized bed could be used to make fish feed. The aim of the study was optimise the process conditions on the clay-slate fluidized bed dryer operating at a commercial production of fish feed using the response surface methodology. The fish feed composition were processed at bed height (50-200 mm), drying air temperature (60–120°C), airflow velocity (0.66-0.70 m/s), drying time (10–90 min) and extrudates size (4–8 mm). Product quality parameters such as moisture ratio and dryer efficiency were determined and analyzed. Second-order polynomial equations, containing all the process variables, were used to measured process. Moisture ratio was influenced mostly by linear relationship temperature and drying time. The temperature and the quadratic temperature conditions significantly affected the efficiency of the dryer. For the fluidized bed drying of extruded fish feed, optimal conditions were set for the bed height of 185.76 mm, a temperature of 97.2°C, an air flow rate of 0.67, a drying time of 65.36 min and an extrudate size of 7.40 mm recommended. At these conditions the moisture ratio and efficiency were 0.86 and 74.39, respectively. The influence of the various components of the fluidized bed dryer on the drying rate must be better understood so that control systems can be developed to take full advantage of this technology.
Families at war? Relationships between ‘survivors’ of wrongful conviction and ‘survivors’ of serious crime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Following the quashing of an unsafe conviction, the appellant and their supporters often rejoice that their quest for justice has been successful and that the appellant has been released from their wrongful imprisonment. For the survivors of crime involved in the criminal case, including those suffering bereavement after homicide, the appellant’s release from the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) can engender feelings of resentment and hostility. This article will examine relationships between survivors of wrongful conviction and survivors of crime often involved in the same criminal case. The article argues that the antipathy between the families contributes to undermining both parties’ desire for emotional healing and recovery.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Small Intestine Presenting With Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Takagi, Yukihiro M.D.; Katada, Masahiro M.D.; Mori, Shigeru M.D.; Saji, Shigetoyo M.D.; Shimokawa, Kuniyasu M.D.; Yosikawa, Takeshi M.D.; Moriwaki, Hisataka M.D. Author Information