jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy The quinolones: decades of development and use

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The discovery of nalidixic acid in 1962, and its introduction for clinical use in 1967, marks the beginning of five decades of quinolone development and use. It was not until the discovery and licensing of the fluoroquinolones in the 1970s and 1980s that these drugs began to establish their place in the armamentarium of clinically useful antimicrobials. At the beginning of the 21st cen-tury, in their fifth decade of discovery and use, our understanding of structure–function relation-ships has improved, and better compounds, in terms of both spectrum of antimicrobial cover and pharmacokinetics, have been developed. The clinical utility of this expanding class of anti-microbial agents, and the lower propensity for the development of resistance with the ‘newer’ fluoroquinolones will need to be continually monitored in the changing therapeutic environ-ment. Antibiotic drug choice will remain difficult in the presence of increasing resistance, but the introduction of the new fluoroquinolones has created a new and exciting era in antimicrobial treatment. The role of these agents has already been acknowledged in a number of clinical guidelines, and appropriate use of these agents may help to preserve their clinical utility, enabling them to realize their full therapeutic potential.
Effect of ivabradine, captopril and melatonin on the behaviour of rats in L-nitro-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cardiovascular diseases including hypertension are often associated with behavioural alterations. The aim of this study was to show, whether ivabradine, the blocker of If-channel in sinoatrial node, is able to modify the behaviour of rats in L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension and to compare the effect of ivabradine with captopril and melatonin. 12-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: controls, ivabradine (10 mg/kg/24 h), L-NAME (40 mg/kg/24 h), L-NAME + ivabradine, L-NAME + captopril (100 mg/kg/24 h), L-NAME + melatonin (10 mg/kg/24 h). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured by tail-cuff method once a week. The behaviour of rats was investigated during 23-hours in the phenotyper after four weeks of the treatment. Chronic administration of L-NAME induced hypertension without a change in HR. All tested substances partly prevented the increase of SBP, while ivabradine and melatonin also reduced HR. Ivabradine, captopril and melatonin reduced daily food intake, slightly decreased daily water intake and attenuated body weight gain. In L-NAME group, locomotor activity was enhanced by ivabradine, whereas exploratory behaviour was increased by melatonin and captopril. In conclusion, ivabradine, besides its potentially protective hemodynamic actions, does not seem to exert any disturbing effects on behaviour in L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats, while some of its effects were similar to captopril or melatonin. It is suggested that ivabradine used in cardiovascular indications is harmless regarding the effect on behaviour.
Reections on Brian Shackels Usability - Context, Denition, Design and Evaluation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The foundations of usability evaluation were being established in the early 1990’s. In this context, Usability - Context, Denition, Design and Evaluation built upon Shackel’s earlier inuential work that helped dene the notion of usability. In this paper he established key dimensions of usability and approaches to integration of testing these within the whole process of setting requirements. Essentially he argued for usability design as part of the system design processes. This commentary describes the context of the paper and then reviews the inuential ideas that appear in much subsequent
Executive Summary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Embassy of Sweden/Sida Bangkok’s interest in the prevention dividends associated with environmental management touches on three key issues facing contemporary disaster managers. 1. What is the value of prevention? 2. How can we achieve synergy and integration across sectors such as disaster risk reduction and environmental management? 3. What scientific evidence and decision support tools are available to help operationalize the integration? Prevention’s Worth Great strides have been made in mainstreaming a “culture of prevention ” in Asian disaster management. Most National Disaster Management Organizations (NDMO’s) have, at least nominally, embraced the need for preparedness. Still, preparedness and prevention activities are generally low in domestic budget priorities and only a handful of international/bilateral donor agencies have committed to the ongoing support of prevention initiatives. While those who work closely with disaster preparedness, believe that preparedness is more
Robotic tactile object perception based on adaptive multikernel sparse representation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

传统的多指机器人在进行触觉物体感知时往往忽略了多指间的力关联性以及单个手指的多个触觉传感器间的力关联性。为了解决这个问题，本文提出一种自适应多核稀疏表示（Adaptive Multi-kernel Sparse Representation, AMSR）方法以提高多指抓取过程中触觉物体识别表现。首先，为了捕捉不同触觉样本的非线性特征相似性，本文采用多个基本核函数将训练样本映射到希尔伯特空间，并分别计算每个基本核对应的核矩阵。其次，通过提出一种自适应核权重计算方法来学习每个基本核的自适应核权重，在此过程中可以有效地考虑多指间的力关联性以及单个手指的多个触觉传感器间的力关联性。然后，通过学习到的自适应核权重构造了一个线性复合核，以探索多个手指的多维核特征。最后，通过对多个手指触觉数据的编码向量施加相同的稀疏模式，以进一步探索多个手指之间的力关联性。并在我们收集的触觉数据集上，将提出的AMSR算法与其他相关算法进行了比较，物体识别结果表明了提出AMSR算法的有效性。
Evaluation of Parametric Breach Models from Prototype and Historical Embankment Dams under Overtopping Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The primary cause of embankment dam failure is the overtopping of the crest, making dam safety a crucial consideration due to the potential for catastrophic consequences. Dam safety regulations and guidelines are increasingly demanding the enhancement of rockfill dams' resistance to overtopping and leakages. Assessing the breaching of embankments is essential for conducting risk evaluations and hazard studies. Typically, this assessment is carried out using parametric breach models, which are statistically derived equations based on historical dam failure cases. However, these models often overlook important parameters such as material properties, leading to uncertainties in the results. This research focuses on quantifying the accuracy of breach parameters (breach width, failure time, peak outflow) predicted by various parametric breach models found in the literature. Three prototype embankment dams (homogeneous earthfill dam, homogeneous rockfill dam, and zoned rockfill dam), along with five historical failure cases, are considered to evaluate the predictive capability of the parametric breach models. The study compares the measured and estimated breaching parameter values, aiming to identify the most suitable parametric breach model based on the dam design. The results indicate that the performance of the different equations in estimating breach parameters significantly depends on the characteristics of the dam and reservoir. Additionally, a simplified physical model (DLBreach) is employed to estimate breach parameters for the three prototype dams, and a comparison with results from parametric breach models is presented. In conclusion, accurately predicting breach parameters is vital for improving dam safety. This research highlights the influence of dam and reservoir characteristics on the performance of different parametric breach models. By identifying the most suitable breach models for specific dam designs, this study contributes to the understanding and management of embankment dam failures.
Comparison and Optimization of Differentially Encoded Transmission on Fading Channels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for power line communication the transmission bandwidth is partitioned into slowly time-varying, flat fading channels. For coding across theses channels, several differentially encoded 16-ary signal constellations with incoherent reception are compared with respect to achievable channel capacity. For high bandwidth efficiency the application of 2A8PSK, mixed amplitude/phase shift keying with two concentric rings of 8 signal points each, proves to be advantageous. The amplitude ratio of this constellation is optimized. We show that the performance of 2A8PSK is fairly robust to small variations of the optimum ratio. A comparison of the capacities for 2A8PSK and 16QAM and coherent transmission over the AWGN and the Rayleigh fading channel further motivates the choice of 2A8PSK in the applications under consideration. 1
Flow, sediment transport, and bed topography in straight and curved gravel-bed channels

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, many river restoration projects have aimed to restore natural channel stability and dynamism by re-establishing channel meanders lost to historical channelization. An understanding of meandering channel behavior is crucial to successful restoration of these rivers. Meandering and straight channels differ greatly in terms of sediment transport, velocity, and flow patterns under equilibrium conditions. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for sorting patterns in mixed-grain straight and curved channels using flume experiments. After an absence of sorting was observed in the flume experiments, the study objective was modified to: 1) investigate the formation, behavior, and dynamics of free and forced bars within a straight channel with and without an upstream barrier and 2) explore the mechanism that accommodates for spatial boundary shear stress variations in curved gravel bed channels. The flume experiments involved detailed measurements of bed topography, velocity, and sediment transport in both a curved channel and straight channel with and without an upstream obstruction. It was expected that the gravel bed meandering river would compensate for spatial variability in boundary shear stress through surface grain size adjustment (sorting), as opposed to sediment transport convergence. Instead, the data reveal sediment transport divergence as the primary mechanism for balancing shear stress variability. The lack of sorting may likely be attributed to low excess shear stress and steady, rather than unsteady flow conditions. Regarding free and forced bar behavior, no stability was achieved in the straight channel without an obstruction. This can be attributed to a range of factors related to upstream boundary conditions, shear stress, and lack of forcing topography. It is suggested that future studies utilize both higher excess shear stress and unsteady flow conditions in investigating shear stress variability in curved gravel-bed channels.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_00177

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Common name(s): Common bean
Conserved by: Maria Giuseppina Bolis, Italy
Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_00177
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2023-03-14
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: SMTA transfer
Assessing Kazakhstani wheat varieties by yield indicators and resistance to rust

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

According to the experts of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the annual global loss of products from diseases and pests of agricultural crops in 1986-1990 was 52.2 million from 1998-2005 from a conventional unit of grain to 70 million tons. One of the factors that reduce the yield indicators of grain crops, contributing to a sharp decrease in yield, is the rust disease, which causes damage to grain crops, except for wheat Aegilops, Elymus, Agropyron, etc. The problem of contamination of grain crops with phytopathogenic fungi is quite a serious problem for the countries of Central Asia, since, according to FAO, this region is characterized by a higher level of bread consumption per capita (about 200 kg per year), and agriculture is considered as one of the key factors of the economy. The cost of production is an economic factor and negatively affects the sustainable development of agricultural production. A comprehensive study of the source material obtained in breeding, the replacement of ineffective ones with effective ones, makes it possible to suppress the rate of development of the pathogen and prevent epiphytosis. The evolution of the adapted parasite is accompanied by the evolution of the host plant. The article examines the complex resistance of domestic and foreign wheat varieties to rust in an artificial epidemic environment. Over the years of research, a comparative analysis of the resistance of wheat varieties to diseases has been carried out. Field tolerance was noted in the varieties Almaly, Arap, Zhakut, Naz with 3-4 points, in the varieties Samar and Zhalyn with 2 points. As a result of the structural analysis of the yield of winter wheat varieties allowed for sowing in production and promising, a decrease in these indicators was found under the influence of the disease.
Mere Nostalgia: Notes on a Progressive Paratheory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The recent trend of using nostalgia as a neutral analytic device overlooks its roots in progressive ideology. Invented during the nineteenth century as an explanation for resistance to modernization, nostalgia remains a key concept in the political conflict over modernity. The concept is thus ideologically charged, representing progressive responses to the questions of whether and whose memory is a reliable basis for political action and what kinds of desires and harms are politically relevant.
Seeking the optimal SPOC-based blended learning approach to enhance deep learning from the community of inquiry perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To equip students with 21<sup>st</sup> century skills to be competent global citizens and succeed academically and professionally, information and communication technology tools are being utilized to facilitate deep learning in higher education. This study integrated a small private online course (SPOC) with face-to-face (F2F) classroom learning to design and implement a blended English as a foreign language (EFL) course for deep learning. A mixed-method design was employed to investigate the learning experiences and perceptions of EFL students in the SPOC-based blended learning (BL) environment. The primary objective was to examine whether and how the teaching, social and cognitive presences were established from the perspective of the community of inquiry (CoI) model. Participants were 60 students enrolled in an eight-week English communicative course in a Chinese college. Quantitative data was obtained from the CoI and BL surveys, while qualitative data was gathered through individual interviews with 10 students. The results showed that a CoI was established, and deep learning happened in both SPOC and F2F learning areas with a more salient teaching presence in the SPOC area, a stronger social presence and a higher frequency of resolution phase reached in the F2F area. Furthermore, learners expressed satisfaction with the BL course, perceiving it as effective for English language acquisition. Pedagogical implications were offered to assist educators and institutions in optimizing the use of SPOC-based BL to enhance deep learning.
Effect of Microbes in Enhancing the Composting Process: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The increase in global population and the resulting economic activity have led to major environmental problems such soil, air, and water pollution. This rise in population growth has resulted in increased use of chemical fertilizers to boost agricultural production resulting in loss of microbiological and physicochemical equilibrium of soil. These factors have led to an increased need for eco-friendly agricultural products that help to enhance the soil's physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics and, in turn, provide nutrients for plants. Composting has emerged as the preferred method for treatment of organic wastes in order to produce a final, sterilized product that can be used as an organic amendment. Different organic substances are converted into more stable molecules during the aerobic, microorganism-mediated, solid-state fermentation process known as composting. One effective strategy for accelerating the biotransformation of organic materials during the composting process is microbial inoculation. The inclusion of microorganisms could improve the composting process by speeding up the decomposition of organic matter, mineralization, and the activities of microbial enzymes, as well as the quality of the finished products. This review will give a brief idea about the composting process, quality of compost and the most recent strategies for enhancing the composting process mainly with the help of microbes.
The sustainable organisation: blueprint for an integrated model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to build on the original Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2007) model by proposing a new model of organisational sustainability which includes the economic dimension. There is a growing level of interest by senior executives in the role and potential impact that sustainability will have on their organisation’s future strategy and structure. Although management is keenly aware that sustainability is important in their future planning, there is much uncertainty about what level of involvement and commitment they should make towards sustainability endeavours. Design/methodology/approach – This article reviews the existing organisational sustainability change model while building a case to have the important economic strand added to the original change dimensions relating to the human and the environmental strands. Findings – This conceptual paper builds on previous work of sustainability organisational change theorists to produce an enhanced sustainability change model thus proposing a more comprehensive and integrated sustainability stage model that can guide managers in their quest to evolve effective and more sustainable organisations. Originality/value – This is a conceptual paper that builds on previous work of sustainability organisational change theorists to introduce an enhanced sustainability change model that includes the important economic dimension to the widely accepted social and environmental dimensions, thus proposing a comprehensive and integrated sustainability stage model that can guide managers in their quest to evolve effective and more sustainable organisations.
Assessment of numerical simulation for underexpanded sonic jet issued from axisymmetric convergent nozzles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The slightly underexpanded sonic jet issued from an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the nozzle exit is numerically solved by the axisymmetric compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes (RANS) equations with the well-known Menter's k-omega SST turbulent model where the nozzle operating pressure ratio is held constant at 2.3. Quantitative estimations of the simulation are performed by comparing the density field from the numerical simulation with those from the rainbow schlieren deflectometry. It is found that the present numerical density fields show good quantitative agreement with those from the rainbow schlieren over the full length of the underexpanded sonic jet including the shock-cell structure.
Molecular dynamics simulations of simple dipolar liquids in spherical cavity: Effects of confinement on structural, dielectric, and dynamical properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The equilibrium and dynamical properties of Stockmayer liquids confined in a spherical cavity are investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations are carried out at varying density and cavity size. Various equilibrium and time dependent quantities such as the spatial and orientational density profiles, dielectric constants, average energies, pressures, components of translational diffusion tensors parallel and perpendicular to the cavity surface, rotational diffusion coefficients and several time correlation functions are calculated and the effects of confinement on the above properties are discussed. The density profiles are found to be highly inhomogeneous near the cavity wall, and the dielectric constant of the liquids in cavity is found to be significantly smaller than that of the bulk phases. The diffusion along the surface normal and also the dipolar orientational relaxation of solvent molecules in cavity are found to slow down because of confinement. The dynamics of solvation of a newly created charge distribution in the cavity is also studied and the results are compared with the dynamics of solvation in bulk solvent. The solvation in the cavity is found to occur at a much slower rate.
Induction of apoptosis of insect cells by baculovirus transactivator IE-1 and influence of chemicals on cell apoptosis induced by AcNPV

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

When tranfected with plasmid including ie-1 gene of AcNPV,apoptosis was detected in SL-1 cell using microscopic and DNA ladder techniques.However,the same phenomenon wasn't observed in Tn5B1 cell transfected with the same plasmid.When AcNPV infected SL-1 cells were treated with chemicals,we observed that the apoptosis was blocked by monensin and aphidicolin,postponed by cycloheximide in contrast to the cells infected with Ac NPV with no chemical treatment.
Dynamic changes in subnuclear NP95 location during the cell cycle and its spatial relationship with DNA replication foci

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We determined the expression and subcellular localization of nuclear protein NP95 during the cell cycle in mouse 3T3 cells. The levels of NP95 mRNA and protein were extremely low in quiescent cells; however, stimulation with 10% serum increased their expressions in a time course similar to that of the late growth-regulated gene proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Subnuclear location of NP95 dynamically changed during the cell cycle. Double immunostaining for NP95 and chromatin-bound PCNA, a marker of DNA replication sites, revealed that NP95 was almost exclusively colocalized with chromatin-bound PCNA throughout the nucleus in early S phase and partly in mid-S phase. Distinct localization of the two proteins, however, became evident in mid-S phase, and thereafter, many chromatin-bound PCNA foci not carrying NP95 foci could be detected. In G2 phase, nodular NP95 foci were still identified without any chromatin-bound PCNA foci. Chromatin-bound PCNA was observed as a pre-DNA replication complex at the G1/S boundary synchronized by hydroxyurea treatment, while NP95 was detected in nucleolar regions as unique large foci. There was no significant redistribution of NP95 foci shortly after DNA damage by gamma-irradiation. Nodular NP95 foci characteristically seen in G2 phase were also detected in G2-arrested cells following gamma-irradiation. Taken together, our results indicate that NP95 is assigned to a late growth-regulated gene and suggest that NP95 does not take a direct part in DNA replication as part of the DNA synthesizing machinery, like PCNA, but is presumably involved in other DNA replication-linked nuclear events.