jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural Conceptualisations and Language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book presents a multidisciplinary theoretical model of cultural conceptualisations and language. Viewing language as firmly grounded in cultural cognition, the model draws on analytical tools and theoretical advancements in several disciplines, including cognitive linguistics, cognitive anthropology, anthropological linguistics, distributed cognition, complexity science, and cognitive psychology. The result is a framework that has significant implications for those disciplines as well as for applied linguistics. Applications of the model to intercultural communication, cross-cultural pragmatics, English as an International Language/World Englishes, and political discourse analysis are explored in detail. For further research and theoretical advancements in this newly developed field see Cultural Linguistics. Cultural conceptualisations and language [CLSCC 8]
Evolution in Broadband Technology and Future of Wireless Broadband

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the last two decades, the availability of worldwide high speed Internet networks together with progressive deployment and adoption of broadband connections to Internet has significantly enhanced the ability to transmit video, audio and voice through the same channel with high performance. In addition to that, since the beginning of this millennium, there has been a rapid growth in diffusion of wireless broadband. In this respect, mobile broadband is gaining popularity lately in both developing as well as developed countries. The main reason for this growth in wireless broadband lies in its ability to serve remote areas at relatively lower cost than landline and its potential to transmit information seamlessly from anywhere in the world. The purpose of this chapter is to examine this changing diffusion behavior of fixed versus mobile broadband technology and highlight the future possible path of adoption for these technologies by users around the world.
(3195) Robert Edward Tennant

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ChemInform Abstract: Homochiral Fluoroorganic Compounds. Part 13. Fluoromethyl‐Substituted Tertiary Alcohols from α‐Fluoro‐α′‐sulfinyl Ketones.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Alkylation of the fluorosulfinylketone (I) proceeds with low diastereoselection to give the carbinols (III) and (IV) (X‐ray structure of (IIIb): space group P21, Z=4).
Integrating Deep Learning and Transcriptomics to Assess Livestock Aggression: A Scoping Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The presence of aggressive behavior in livestock creates major difficulties for animal welfare, farm safety, economic performance and selective breeding. The two innovative tools of deep learning-based video analysis and transcriptomic profiling have recently appeared to aid the understanding and monitoring of such behaviors. This scoping review assesses the current use of these two methods for aggression research across livestock species and identifies trends while revealing unaddressed gaps in existing literature. A scoping literature search was performed through the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify articles from 2014 to April 2025. The research included 268 original studies which were divided into 250 AI-driven behavioral phenotyping papers and 18 transcriptomic investigations without any studies combining both approaches. Most research focused on economically significant species, including pigs and cattle, yet poultry and small ruminants, along with camels and fish and other species, received limited attention. The main developments include convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection and pose estimation systems, together with the transcriptomic identification of molecular pathways that link to aggression and stress. The main barriers to progress in the field include inconsistent behavioral annotation and insufficient real-farm validation together with limited cross-modal integration. Standardized behavior definitions, together with multimodal datasets and integrated pipelines that link phenotypic and molecular data, should be developed according to our proposal. These innovations will speed up the advancement of livestock welfare alongside precision breeding and sustainable animal production.
SH386719.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS FOUND AT AUTOPSY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective was to determine if a study of other malformations found at autopsy in patients with congenital heart disease would contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of these anomalies. In a large general hospital autopsies in children with congenital heart disease were selected, and the different cardiopathies were divided into 3 groups: those with isolated heart lesions, those with single gene mutants, as well as chromosome malformations, and those with idiopathic malformations not associated with a genetic syndrome. Because the cardiopathies most often associated with genetic syndromes were the septal defects in general (p = .001), it was presumed that these are influenced to a considerable extent by genetic factors. The association of left heart hypoplasia and coarctation of the aorta with multiple idiopathic malformations, particularly in the lower half of the body (p = .002), suggests that the latter may be due to vascular disruptions, because of the interruption of the flow of oxygenated blood in the embryo-fetus produced by these heart defects. Cranial defects were not associated with left heart obstruction, and are therefore unlikely to be produced by vascular disruption.
Movie Neoneurus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The oviposition behaviour of four ant parasitoids was observed and filmed for the first time. The movies are available from YouTube (search for Elasmosoma, Hybrizon, Kollasmosoma and Neoneurus). Two of the observed species (Neoneurus vesculus sp. n. and Kollasmosoma sentum sp. n.) are new to science. A third species (Neoneurus recticalcar sp. n.) is described from Slovakia and Norway. Keys to the Palaearctic species of the genera Neoneurus and Kollasmosoma are added.
PSYCHOGENIC NON-EPILEPTIC SEIZURES AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER IN AN ADOLESCENT GIRL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures (PNES) are paroxysmal and involuntary episodes of sudden/temporary behavioral changes, with impairment of motor, autonomic, cognitive and emotional functions. Of the patients diagnosed, some resolve quickly, but in the majority of cases, the symptoms persist for months or years. The persistence of PNES may be associated with another underlying pathology, mainly a Personality Disorder, particularly borderline. The present clinical case report to a 16-year-old female adolescent, referred at the age of 13 to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service (CAPS) after multiple visits to the emergency department due to persistent symptoms of anxiety, sadness, ongoing suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior and recurrent episodes of falling from her own height. As an intervention, it is worth mentioning follow-up in multiple specialty consultations, without any alterations being detected. The young girl attended CAPS appointments, individual psychotherapy, psychopharmacological and family interventions and multiple hospitalizations in mental health facilities.In carrying out the differential diagnosis, the following diagnostic hypotheses were considered: Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). As in this case, literature confirms that in many patients with PNES, with severe disability and persistence for months or years, show co-occurrence with BPD. This comorbidity predicts a worse prognosis for PNES. This clinical case illustrates the complexity of the condition, particularly the refractoriness of the functional neurological symptoms and the ineffective response to the multiple interventions. In the future, it would be important to invest in research into other types of therapeutic approaches for these patients.
Seasonal changes in the heavy metal resistant bacterial population of the New Calabar River, Nigeria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Seasonal changes and the contribution of industrial effluent discharges to the population of heavy metal – resistant bacteria (HMRB) in the river water and sediment of the New Calabar River, were examined. On exposure of river water microflora to 2µg of heavy metals, the HMRB population ranged from 55 to 78% in the rainy months and 100% in the dry months. The HMRB of the river water ranged from 0.4 to 0.8% and 11 to 21% in the rainy and dry months respectively, on exposure of river water microflora to 20µg of heavy metals. The HMRB in the sediment ranged from 86 to 100% and 20 to 43% in the dry months and 55 to 100% and 1.7 to 2.4% in the rainy months when sediment microflora were exposed to 2µg and 20µg of heavy metals respectively. Higher concentrations of heavy metals resulted in reduced populations of HMRB. The total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial (THB) count ranged from 1.0 x 107 to 5.8 x 108 cfu/ml and 2.2 x 106 to 5.3 x 107 cfu/ml for surface water, 5.5 x 106 to 7.4 x 108 cfu/ml and 1.4 x 105 to 4.0 x 106 cfu/ml for subsurface water and 1.0 x 105 to 1.1 x 109 and 2.5 x 105 to 6.8 x 107 cfu/g for sediment during the rainy and dry months respectively. Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity and BOD showed higher values in the rainy season than in the dry season. Dissolved oxygen and pH showed no significant difference between their rainy and dry season levels indicating the absence of seasonal variations with these parameters. Heavy metals levels of river water and sediment showed higher values in the dry season than in the rainy season. There was no significant difference between the heavy metal levels of industrial effluent discharges with those of the river water and sediment levels during the rainy season. During the dry season, the heavy metal levels of the industrial effluents were less than those of the river water and sediment. Thus their contribution to seasonal variation of these metals in the river water and sediment is negligible. Results also suggested that the percentage of heavy metal resistant bacteria and the heavy metal levels of the river water and sediments were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Key words: Seasonal changes, effluent discharges, heavy metal resistant bacteria, New Calabar River. (Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences: 2003 9(4): 425-434)
The Cost of Business Cycles Under Endogenous Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In his famous monograph, Lucas (1987) put forth an argument that the welfare gains from reducing the volatility of aggregate consumption are negligible.Subsequent work that revisited Lucas' calculation continued to find only small benefits from reducing the volatility of consumption, further reinforcing the perception that business cycles don't matter.This paper argues instead that fluctuations can affect welfare by affecting the growth rate of consumption.I present an argument for why fluctuations can reduce growth starting from a given initial consumption, which could imply substantial welfare effects as Lucas (1987) already observed in his calculation.Empirical evidence and calibration exercises suggest that the welfare effects are likely to be substantial, about two orders of magnitude greater than Lucas' original estimates.
The Interaction Between Manganese and Ethanol in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of manganese and ethanol interaction on some chemical constituents of the liver and serum of rats were investigated in order to assess the influence of these substances in inducing susceptibility to manganese poisoning. Manganese and ethanol alone or in combination were administered to the rats as drinking solutions for a period of 30 days. Both the chemicals had a synergistic effect in altering the activity of SDH and ATPase in the liver of rats. The combined treatment also produced significant increase in the activity of adenosine deaminase and α‐amylase in the liver and serum respectively. Furthermore, the accumulation of manganese in the liver and the increase in the calcium content of the serum were significantly greater after combined ethanol and manganese administration – than either of them alone. These alterations indicate that the toxic effects of manganese are enhanced when the metal and ethanol interact in the biological system.
SEVEN SUGGESTIONS IN CATULLUS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

XI, 11-12; read Gallias et horribiles Britannos / ultima rerum . XXX, 4; read caelicolas latent . LXIII, 54; delete. LXXXII, 3; read eripere id noli . LXXXIV, 5-6; delete. XCI, 3; read constantemque putarem . CXVI, 7; read nos contra ista iniecta tua evitabimus tela . Incidental textual comment and/or suggestion is made with reference to Germanicus 333 and 457-8, and to Ovid Trist III, 4, 27.
Open Access

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Requirement of ATM-dependent pathway for the repair of a subset of DNA double strand breaks created by restriction endonucleases Keiji Suzuki * †, Maiko Takahashi * †, Yasuyoshi Oka, Motohiro Yamauchi, Masatoshi Suzuki and Shunichi Yamashita Background: DNA double strand breaks induced by DNA damaging agents, such ionizing radiation, are repaired by multiple DNA repair pathways including non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair and homologous recombination (HR) repair. ATM-dependent DNA damage checkpoint regulates a part of DNA repair pathways, however, the exact role of ATM activity remains to be elucidated. In order to define the molecular structure of DNA double strand breaks requiring ATM activity we examined repair of DNA double strand breaks induced by different restriction endonucleases in normal human diploid cells treated with or without ATM-specific inhibitor. Results: Synchronized G1 cells were treated with various restriction endonucleases. DNA double strand breaks were detected by the foci of phosphorylated ATM at serine 1981 and 53BP1. DNA damage was detectable 2 hours after the treatment, and the number of foci decreased thereafter. Repair of the 3&apos;-protruding ends created by Pst I and Sph I was efficient irrespective of ATM function, whereas the repair of a part of the blunt ends caused by Pvu II and Rsa I, and 5&apos;protruding
Leaf production and gel quality of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. under irrigation regimens in northern Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The derivatives of aloe plant leave [Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.], such as gel, juice, and powder, are highly appreciated in the industrial sector. This study evaluated the effect of different soil moisture contents on the growth, production, and gel quality of aloe grown in an arid region of Mexico. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Base on the percentage of field capacity (FC), three irrigation treatments were tested: 42%, 72%, and 100% of FC corresponding, on average (± standard deviation), to 0.12 ± 0.02 m3 m-3 (as control), 0.18 ± 0.02 m3 m-3, and 0.24 ± 0.02 m3 m-3 of soil water content, respectively. Aloe plants watered with 72% of FC had greater plant height and leaf width than plants watered at 42% of field capacity, while plants with 100% of FC treatment had the longest (56.1 cm) and thickest (1.5 cm) leaves. Aloe plants irrigated at either 72% or 100% of field capacity produced the freshest leaf biomass and gel. In contrast, plants grown at 42% of field capacity treatments had the highest pH (4.94), total soluble solids (1.77 °Brix), ash content (0.62%), methanol-precipitated solids (1.24%), and total solids (1.88%) of aloe gel. Even though the lowest soil moisture content (42% of field capacity) reduced plant and leaf growth and leaf and gel yields, gel quality was enhanced, meeting the gel quality standards demanded by the international market.
II. Fundamental Electrochemical Methods for Corrosion Study－Electrochemical Noise－

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

電気化学ノイズの測定法・解析法の基礎を解説する．代表的な5種類の測定法について，電極の組み合わせや計測器に要求される性能を述べる．電気化学ノイズの測定および解析の実例として，酸溶液中で炭素鋼の分極抵抗を推定する実習を示す．
Effect of previous cropping and manuring on the nitrogen fertilizer needed by sugar beet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Six field experiments made between 1960 and 1968 determined the effect of previo cropping and manuring on the nitrogen requirement of sugar beet. Three were at Silsoe in Bedfordshire on soils developed over Lower Greensand and Gault Clay and three were at Broom's Barn (Suffolk) on Calcareous Drift soils over chalk. Each experiment lasted 2 years, a preparatory crop followed by sugar beet. Spring barley and potatoes were treatment crops in all the experiments and winter wheat, a ryegrass ley and barley undersown with trefoil were included in the Suffolk experiments. Nil, 0·6 or 1·2 cwt N/acre was tested on the sugar beet in the first three experiments and 0, 0·5, 1·0 or 1·5 cwt N/acre in later ones. All the experiments showed that previous cropping influenced the nitrogen requirement of the sugar beet. There was a linear relationship ( r = – 0·86) between the amount of fertilizer nitrogen given minus that removed by the preparatory crop, and the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer needed by the sugar beet for maximum sugar yield. Sugar beet grown after barley or potatoes (each given 0·5 cwt N/acre) needed on average 1·0 cwt N/acre at both Broom's Barn and Silsoe for maximum sugar yield. Sugar beet after winter wheat or a ryegrass ley also needed 1·0 cwt N/acre at Broom's Barn. When the previous potato crop was given 1·5 cwt N/acre, 0·5 cwt/acre sufficed for maximum yield of sugar at both centres; also after ploughed-in trefoil, sugar beet needed only 0·5 cwt N/acre.
Vision-based Walking Guidance System Using Top-view Transform and Beam-ray Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

본 논문은 야외 환경에서 하나의 카메라를 이용한 시각 장애인을 위한 보행 안내 시스템을 제안한다. 기존의 스테레오 비전을 이용한 보행 지원 시스템과는 다르게 제안된 시스템은 사용자의 허리에 고정된 하나의 카메라를 이용하여 꼭 필요한 정보만을 얻는 것을 목표로 하는 시스템이다. 제안하는 시스템은 먼저 탑-뷰 영상을 생성하고, 생성된 탑-뷰 영상 내 지역적인 코너 극점을 검출한다. 검출된 극점에서 방사형의 히스토그램을 분석하여 장애물을 검출한다. 그리고 사용자 움직임은 사용자에 가까운 지역 안에서 옵티컬 플로우를 사용하여 추정한다. 이렇게 영상으로부터 추출된 정보들을 기반으로 음성 메시지 생성 모듈은 보행 지시 정보를 합성된 음성을 통해 시각 장애인에게 전달한다. 다양한실험 영상들을 사용하여 제안한 보행 안내 시스템이 일반 인도에서 유용한 안내 지시를 제공하는 것이 가능함을 보인다. This paper presents a walking guidance system for blind pedestrians in an outdoor environment using just one single camera. Unlike many existing travel-aid systems that rely on stereo-vision, the proposed system aims to get necessary information of the road environment by using just single camera fixed at the belly of the user. To achieve this goal, a top-view image of the road is used, on which obstacles are detected by first extracting local extreme points and then verified by the polar edge histogram. Meanwhile, user motion is estimated by using optical flow in an area close to the user. Based on these information extracted from image domain, an audio message generation scheme is proposed to deliver guidance instructions via synthetic voice to the blind user. Experiments with several sidewalk video-clips show that the proposed walking guidance system is able to provide useful guidance instructions under certain sidewalk environments.
Integration of solution processed materials in polymer waveguides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Active solution processed nanomaterials have emerged as a very high promising candidates for photonic applications. The reason of this arises from the facts that they exhibit high quantum yield emission at room temperature and wavelength tunability, other than their processing involves easy and cheap fabrication techniques and a versatile integration on different substrates. In this way, active properties of different solution processed materials, as colloidal quantum dots, organic dyes and rare earth nanoparticles, have been exploited to demonstrate spontaneous emission or optical modulation in photonic devices. However, in spite of such an attractiveness of these nanomaterials, little has been done for the development of its practical applications in (organic/hybrid) photonics and the field is at its very beginning. In this work the incorporation of solution processed nanomaterials in dielectric and plasmonic waveguides is compared and analyzed with the intention to study their active properties into a photonic structure. First, dielectric polymer waveguides are designed in order to incorporate the active material and to optimize the generation of photoluminescence/fluorescence. Second, the active-polymer material is combined with plasmonic waveguides by depositing the hybrid material onto a gold film. This kind of waveguides has a great interest for photonic technology because the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagating along them exhibits subwavelength confinement, and hence it is an interesting candidate to reduce the size of photonic circuits. However, propagation of SPP is also limited by the strong losses associated to the metal and it becomes necessary their compensation. In this way, we finally study the conditions to couple emitted light into plasmonic modes and eventually to enhance their propagation length.
Clarification of discussion on constrained refinement

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Pawley's [ Acta Cryst. (1976). A 32 , 921-922] disproof of the C & D method of applying constraints in crystallographic refinements [Chesick & Davidon (1975). Acta Cryst. A 31 , 586-591] is incorrect. Nevertheless, the C & D method is incorrect. Both the method and its disproof clearly fail for the particular case of linear least-squares with linear constraints. The method can be corrected in this case but not for the non-linear case.