jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The allure of art and intellectual property: artisans and industrial replicas in Mexican cultural economies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article considers the establishment of a collective trademark by Mexican artisans which occurred in response to the discovery of industrial replicas of Oaxacan woodcarvings, and it suggests that artisans’ appeals to intellectual property cannot be readily understood as resulting from the economic or cultural threat that the replicas ostensibly pose. By bringing an analysis of aesthetics and the desirability of art into anthropological discussions of intellectual property, I argue that intellectual property is appealing to cultural producers in such contexts because it seems to offer an opportunity to stabilize the ambiguities concerning the relationship between authorship and the allure of artworks within competitive cultural markets. I conclude that in this case, claims to intellectual property reveal concerns that are more about local practices than about foreign production.
Table_1_Association of thyroid function, within the euthyroid range, with cardiovascular risk: The EPIPorto study.docx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>Thyroid hormones are important modulators of cardiovascular function. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are known to contribute to an increased cardiovascular risk. It remains uncertain whether thyroid hormones level within the euthyroid range are associated with cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid function levels within the euthyroid range and cardiovascular risk in a population-based cohort.</p>Methods<p>Eight hundred thirty-five subjects aged ≥45 years from the EPIPorto population-based cohort were included. We excluded participants with TSH, free T4 (FT4), or free T3 (FT3) outside of the reference range, or with previous cardiovascular or thyroid disease. The associations between thyroid function, cardiovascular risk factors and the 10-year estimated risk of cardiovascular events (using SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP) were evaluated in linear and logistic regression models, crudely and adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, and smoking.</p>Results<p>The mean age of the participants was 61.5 (SD 10.5) years and 38.9% were men. Eleven percent of the participants had diabetes, 47.8% had dyslipidemia, and 54.8% had hypertension. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 (SD 4.6) kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and the median (percentile25-75) 10-year risk of cardiovascular events was 5.46% (2.92, 10.11). Participants with higher BMI, larger waist circumference and higher hs-CRP had higher levels of FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio. Lower FT3/FT4 ratio and higher FT4 levels were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes and more adverse lipid profile. Higher TSH, lower FT3 and lower FT3/FT4 ratio were associated with lower eGFR. Lower FT3, lower FT3/FT4 ratio and higher FT4 were associated with an increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular events.</p>Conclusions<p>In a population-based study, variations of thyroid function within the euthyroid range were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. On one hand, individuals with higher BMI, larger waist circumference and higher hs-CRP had higher levels of FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio. On the other hand, a decreased conversion of T4 to T3 (lower FT3, lower FT3/FT4 ratio and/or higher FT4) was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes, a more adverse lipid profile, a lower eGFR and an increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular events.</p>
An Online Tool for Guiding Bus Fleet Decarbonisation Through Green Hydrogen and Electrification

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The transition to zero emission bus (ZEB) fleets is accelerating. Two prevalent ZEB options that are often compared to each other are battery electric buses (BEBs) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) fueled by green hydrogen. Hydrogen is labelled as green when it is produced by electrolysis powered by renewable electricity. From the perspective of a bus fleet operator or regional authority interested in replacing a conventional diesel bus fleet with one of these new technologies, it can be unclear which combinations of BEBs and FCEBs are most suitable in terms of cost, emission reduction, and capability to maintain regular operation of the bus fleet. This work develops the Enabling Support Tool (EST), an easy-to-use model that can assess the trade-offs between BEBs and FCEBs in terms of their technical performance, required infrastructure, cost, and emissions reduction potential. Using a novel input process that does not require complex drive-cycle data, the EST allows the user to quickly investigate the feasibility of a mixed fleet of BEBs and FCEBs, considering the effects of local climate conditions, road gradient, and varying bus payload on the daily range of BEBs. This enables users to explore the feasibility of different combinations of BEBs and FCEBs and thus guide cost-effective full fleet decarbonisation.
Uncertainty in the Past and Future Changes of Tropical Pacific SST Zonal Gradient: Internal Variability versus Model Spread

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient across the tropical Pacific is a pacemaker of the variable rates of global warming. In both historical simulations and future projections, the current state-of-the-art climate models show evident spread in the changes of zonal SST gradient, but the reasons remain unknown. Here, we quantify the contributions of internal variability and model spread to the uncertainty of zonal SST gradient changes by analyzing 342 realizations from CMIP5 and CMIP6 models and several sets of large-ensemble simulations. We found that the internal variability dominates the total uncertainty at multidecadal time scales (∼31-yr trends). Although the ratio of internal uncertainty to the total uncertainty declines along with higher emission of greenhouse gases under global warming, it is still over 80% at the multidecadal time scales in the future. The Pacific decadal oscillation is identified as the key internal mode responsible for the multidecadal uncertainty. For the future projections at centurial time scales, the uncertainty of zonal SST gradient changes is mainly from the intermodel spread in response to external forcing, accounting for about 70% of the uncertainty based on the difference between 2070–99 and 1970–99. The model spread in the cloud–shortwave radiation–SST feedback over the tropical Pacific is important in the uncertainty of zonal SST gradient changes. In particular, the intensity of negative convective cloud feedback in the western Pacific dominates the spread in CMIP5 models, while the intensity of stratocumulus cloud feedback over the southeastern Pacific is the primary process influencing the uncertainty in CMIP6 models.
Serum estradiol level during withdrawal bleeding as a predictive factor for intermittent ovarian function in women with primary ovarian insufficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to assess the potential predictive factors for follicle growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure (POI/POF). We enrolled 25 POI patients with desired fertility who were treated and monitored for a minimum of 7 months between the years of 2000-2009 into this retrospective study. The clinical, endocrinologic, chromosomal, and autoimmunologic parameters of these patients were collected. Furthermore, hormonal backgrounds on each of 620 treatment cycles were investigated. The main outcome measures were follicle growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate. Four of 25 patients (16%) conceived while being monitored and undergoing treatment. Follicle growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate were not significantly different as a function of parity, iatrogenic history (e.g., chemotherapy), age of disease onset, serum estradiol (E(2))/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level at the time of diagnosis, chromosomal abnormality, and positive autoantibody titer. The serum E2 levels on days 1-5 of withdrawal bleeding (Day 1-5 E(2)) were significantly higher in the cycles with successful follicle growth and ovulation than unsuccessful cycles (P<0.05). Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis revealed the cut-off value of the Day 1-5 E(2) to be 15.5 pg/mL, and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.674 for follicle growth and 0.752 for ovulation. The results suggest that cycles with a Day 1-5 E(2)≥15.5 pg/mL have a higher rate of follicle growth and ovulation in patients with POI.
The Globalization of Self: Role and Identity Transformation from Above and Below

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The process of globalization is transforming society with unprecedented speed and scope. Along the way, social roles are being altered and identities are being transformed. How do the forces of globalization shape the self? How do changes to the self affect social relationships and alter larger social structures? This paper offers a conceptual framework for addressing these questions. The ‘role‐as‐resource’ perspective is employed as a tool for differentiating between two opposing processes. On the one hand, top down forces associated with technocapitalism serve to colonize the self by sustaining roles associated with global consumption and production, while disrupting or erasing traditional roles. On the other hand, bottom‐up forces associated with local grassroots organizations and democratic social movements facilitate resistance by providing resources for a more agentic political self.
Effects of Intermittent Lighting for Night-Break and the Light Quality on Floral Inhibition in Chrysanthemum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

キクの暗期中断における間欠照明の花芽分化抑制に対する有効性を赤色光（以下R光と略す）および赤色光 + 遠赤色光（以下R + FR光と略す）を用いて検証した．同一照射時間帯（22:00～2:00） で連続照明と間欠照明を比較したところ，R光およびR + FR光ともにDuty比が低下するにつれて花芽分化抑制効果が低下した．またR光の連続照明とDuty比0.5で積算の放射照度を連続照明に対して1.0および0.5に設定した間欠照明の効果を比較したところ，1.0区は連続照明と同等であったが，0.5区は連続照明に比較して効果が劣った．このことから，本実験ではキクの同一時間帯での連続照明に対する間欠照明の優位性は確認できなかった．次に，同一積算照射時間において短時間の連続光（18分） と間欠により3時間に照射時間帯を拡張した間欠照明を比較した場合では，R光は間欠照明の効果が認められなかったが，R + FR光では連続照明に比較して間欠照明の花芽分化抑制効果が高くなった．これは短時間照明（18分） の場合，R + FR光の連続照明は，R + FR光によるフィトクロムの低Pfrレベルにより，暗期中断の効果が低下することによると考えられた．また，連続照明の時間帯を変えることで暗期中断の効果が変化したことから，同一積算照射時間の場合は，キクの暗期中断に対する感度が時間帯で変化することに注意する必要があると考えられた．実際のキク電照栽培では，暗期中断の時間がR + FR光での低Pfrによる花芽分化抑制効果の低下が発現する時間よりも比較的長時間であるために，間欠電照の優位性はほとんどないと考えられた．
The Development of Vibration Analysis Using Contact Transducers Applied To Periodic Machine Condition Monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent trends in industry indicate the importance and efficient use of portable vibration analysis as part of an integrated machine condition monitoring program. This paper concentrates on machine vibration analysis and the influence of the various mounting techniques associated with vibration transducers. The vibration signal quality is considered throughout and emphasis is placed on the effect of the applied mounting force when collecting vibration data manually. Also, the types of vibration software systems and the choice of transducer for optimum results are discussed.
The Rossby Centre Regional Atmospheric Climate Model Part I: Model Climatology and Performance for the Present Climate over Europe

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Rossby Centre Atmospheric Regional Climate Model (RCA2) is described and simulation results, for the present climate over Europe, are evaluated against available observations. Systematic biases in the models mean climate and climate variability are documented and key parameterization weaknesses identified. The quality of near-surface parameters is investigated in some detail, particularly temperature, precipitation, the surface energy budget and cloud cover. The model simulates the recent, observed climate and variability with a high degree of realism. Compensating errors in the components of the surface radiation budget are highlighted and the fundamental causes of these biases are traced to the relevant aspects of the cloud, precipitation and radiation parameterizations. The model has a tendency to precipitate too frequently at small rates, this has a direct impact on the simulation of cloud-radiation interaction and surface temperatures. Great care must be taken in the use of observations to evaluate high resolution RCMs, when they are forced by analyzed boundary conditions. This is particularly true with respect to precipitation and cloudiness, where observational uncertainty is often larger than the RCM bias.
Intravenous vs. left ventricular injection of ionic contrast material: hemodynamic implications for digital subtraction angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because of the increased use of intravenous injection of contrast material for the evaluation of cardiac structure and function by digital subtraction techniques, a study was done to assess the hemodynamic effects of contrast material when used in this fashion in man. In 10 patients, with each serving as his own control, the effects of intravenous and intraventricular injections of sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin 76) in the same dose were compared. There was no difference between these two methods with respect to changes in pulmonary wedge pressures, systemic pressures, and pulmonary vascular resistance. The elevation of mean pulmonary artery and right atrial pressure was greater after the intraventricular injection (p less than 0.05). The elevated cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance returned to control values somewhat more quickly after the intravenous injection (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively); and the increase in cardiac output was greater after the intravenous injection at 1 min (p less than 0.05), but less than after the intraventricular injection at 2 min (p less than 0.05). Despite the detection of these statistically significant differences, the magnitude and timing of these differences are too small to justify the notion that imaging by intravenous injections of standard ionic contrast media provides any substantial hemodynamic benefits or decreased risk to the patient.
Immunity and immune privilege elicited by cultured retinal pigment epithelial cell transplants.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cultured RPE cells can induce an immune response against autoantigens. Implantation of RPE cells in immune-privileged sites of the eye induces a deviant immune response that is associated with spleen cells that suppress RPE-specific delayed hypersensitivity and autoimmune rejection.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Contains an RNase MRP That Cleaves at a Conserved Mitochondrial RNA Sequence Implicated in Replication Priming

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Yeast mitochondrial DNA contains multiple promoters that sponsor different levels of transcription. Several promoters are individually located immediately adjacent to presumed origins of replication and have been suggested to play a role in priming of DNA replication. Although yeast mitochondrial DNA replication origins have not been extensively characterized at the primary sequence level, a common feature of these putative origins is the occurrence of a short guanosine-rich region in the priming strand downstream of the transcriptional start site. This situation is reminiscent of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA origins and raises the possibility of common features of origin function. In the case of human and mouse cells, there exists an RNA processing activity with the capacity to cleave at a guanosine-rich mitochondrial RNA sequence at an origin; we therefore sought the existence of a yeast endoribonuclease that had such a specificity. Whole cell and mitochondrial extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain an RNase that cleaves yeast mitochondrial RNA in a site-specific manner similar to that of the human and mouse RNA processing activity RNase MRP. The exact location of cleavage within yeast mitochondrial RNA corresponds to a mapped site of transition from RNA to DNA synthesis. The yeast activity also cleaved mammalian mitochondrial RNA in a fashion similar to that of the mammalian RNase MRPs. The yeast endonuclease is a ribonucleoprotein, as judged by its sensitivity to nucleases and proteinase, and it was present in yeast strains lacking mitochondrial DNA, which demonstrated
[Analysis of T lymphocytic clones in diseases by spectrotyping of T cell beta variable region - review].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

T cells recognize antigens through TCRs (T cell receptor). T cell clones can be sorted into 24 gene subfamilies based on the usage of the segments of TCR BV in gene rearrangement. Application of the various segments of TCR BV may establish TCR BV spectrotyping that can be used to analyze and recognize the different functional T cell clones, and understand the function and proliferation of various T cell clones in malignancy and autoimmune disease. In vitro expansion of a great deal of the specific antitumor T cells and transfusing them to patients will be able to develop a new method for tumor immunotherapy. Through analyze the character of the TCR BV gene, McAb against TCR or DNA vaccine to inhibit the growth of T cell clones associated-autoimmune disease and tumors might be developed. The McAb and vaccine may be used to cure these diseases. The commo T cells can also be modifed to specific antitumor T cells by method of TCR gene transfer. In this review, the characteristics of TCR, analysis method for gene spectrotyping of TCR BV, segments of TCR BV and autoimmue distase, T cell clones in hematologic maligrancies, recognition of T cell oligoclone expansion of T cells, and application of TCR BV gene spectrotyping in bone marrow transplantation were discussed and summarised.
Optimization of PID control parameters with genetic algorithm plus fuzzy logic in stirred tank heater temperature control process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a method to determine Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller parameter using Genetic Algorithm with the Fuzzy Logic controller of temperature control of Stirred Tank Heater. The system design begins with the search for the transfer function on the Stirred Tank Heater. The fuzzy logic system design is used to find the parameters in the Genetic Algorithm is the probability of crossover and the probability of mutation. This parameter is used to find the value of Kp, Ki, and Kd on the PID controller. Based on the experiment, the control system output response reaches error steady state, and overshoot are smaller when the controller is tuned with Genetic Algorithm plus Fuzzy Logic than Ziegler-Nichols method. But in term rise time and settling time, Ziegler-Nichols method is smaller than Genetic Algorithm plus Fuzzy Logic method.
Maternal Syndrome in Hydrops Foetalis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ICARK"a Court of Law and might even involve the psychiatrist who repeats them in a libel action.Freud himself had later to admit that the accusations his female patients made against their fathers which he at first believed were the product of their imagination and dis- torted memory.Every policeman knows how readily people under some emotional strain may accuse themselves of murder or serious crimes they have never committed.However, such subterfuges and treating the legal profession with their own medicine should not be necessary, nor need we wait, as Dr. Spencer suggests, till some psychiatrist is prepared to go to prison.I am sure, Sir, that the whole profession and the common man in the street would wholeheartedly stand behind the B.M.A. or any medical M.P. who would propose to bring the law for the physi- cian (and incidentally the priest) in line with the solicitor, whose communications with his client are legally recognized as privileged.-I am, etc., Leicester.
High energy hadron production as self-organized criticality

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In high energy nuclear collisions, production rates of light nuclei as well as those of hadrons and hadronic resonances agree with the predictions of an ideal gas at a temperature [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV. In an equilibrium hadronic medium of this temperature, light nuclei cannot survive. We propose that the observed behavior is due to an evolution in global non-equilibrium, leading to self-organized criticality. At the confinement point, the initial quark-gluon medium becomes quenched by the vacuum, breaking up into all allowed free hadronic and nuclear mass states without formation of any subsequent thermal hadronic medium.
Stock Price Forecasting with Artificial Neural Networks Long Short-Term Memory: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study maps the academic literature on Stock Price Forecasting with Long-Term Memory Artificial Neural Networks—RNA LSTM. The objective is to know if it is suitable for time series studies, especially for stock price projection. Through bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review, it is observed that 333 authors wrote on the topic between 2018 and March 2022, and the journals Expert Systems with Applications, IEEE Access, Big Data Journal and Neural Computing and Applications, published the most relevant articles. Of the 99 articles published in this period, 43 are associated with Chinese institutions, the most cited being that of Kim and Won, who studies the volatility of returns and the market capitalization of South Korean stocks. The basis of 65% of the studies is the comparison between the RNN LSTM and other artificial neural networks. The daily closing price of shares is the most analyzed type of data, and the American (21%) and Chinese (20%) stock exchanges are the most studied. 57% of the studies include improvements to existing neural network models and 42% new projection models.
Evaluation of mixed alcohol production processes and catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents a technical evaluation of the results of research in the DOE supported program of higher alcohol production and assesses the progress made under this program by both Union Carbide Company and Lehigh University. To the extent possible, the evaluation has included comparison with similar processes that are being developed in Europe by such companies as Lurgi, Snamprogetti and the Institut Francais du Petrole. In addition, the octane market is analyzed and the potential utility of mixed alcohol additives as gasoline octane enhancers and energy extenders is examined. Synthetic mixed alcohol production processes that are now ready for commercialization, as well as areas for further research, are identified. 42 refs., 10 figs., 53 tabs.
Bringing hope and healing to grieving patients with cancer.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in the world. The fear of this disease contributes to the grief experienced after the diagnosis. The patient, family members, caregivers, and physicians experience this grief, which has many dimensions and can be extremely complicated. Grief is expressed differently by different cultures, and faith can help in dealing with grief, but no one can escape the emotional, psychological, and spiritual pain associated with the grief individuals feel when they suffer a loss. For this reason, it is best to have a holistic approach when caring for those who are grieving to more effectively meet their needs and to bring hope and healing into a very painful experience. Two case presentations illustrate the application of the hospice approach to grieving patients and the complexity of their grief.