jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alexander of Macedon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Arguably the most successful military commander in recorded history, over a ten-year period beginning in 334BC Alexander of Macedon conquered an empire extending from Greece through the Persian Empire to the Himalayas. He thus achieved his driving personal ambition to become the 'King of all Asia'. Although his leadership skills centred on maintaining the discipline and loyalty of his Macedonian army in pursuit of this personal vision, he also made a determined effort to broaden his base of support to include Persian and other conquered nations.
FPGA development for HDD servo demodulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This final year project involves the development for Hard Disk Drive (HDD) servo demodulation. To achieve this, algorithms of timing recovery in digital data have been introduced and a Digital Phase-Locked Loop (DPLL) has been designed by using ALTERA®’s industrial design software Quartus® II. The DPLL is then going to be implemented to the ALTERA®’s Stratix II 90-nm FPGA. In the first part of this report, the background knowledge about HDD servo and DPLL will be introduced. Further, the algorithms, which are developed to obtain the servo information such as phase from the signal of servo pattern, will be discussed. By these algorithms the phase difference can be detected and will be used to verify the effect of DPLL. In the second part of the report, the design of DPLL will be discussed. With the help of Quartus® II, it is convenient to design a DPLL in the block diagram, as well as to perform the test and simulation works on computers. Examples will be shown during the report. Further, the DPLL block diagrams can be converted into programming code, which is to be burned into FPGAs for use. Conclusions and further works will be discussed at last part of the report.
Irrational Stable Commutator Length in Finitely Presented Groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give examples of finitely presented groups containing elements with irrational (in fact, transcendental) stable commutator length, thus answering in the negative a question of M. Gromov. Our examples come from 1-dimensional dynamics, and are related to the generalized Thompson groups studied by M. Stein, I. Liousse and others.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of β‐Thiohydroximates for Glucosinolate Synthesis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new coupling method for the formation of β‐thiohydroximate bonds involves in situ generation of an oximyl chloride from the corresponding oxime and inexpensive chlorine bleach followed by base‐mediated formation of nitrile oxides which react with thioglucopyranose (II).
Influence of hydrogen bonding and structural features of coal on its liquefaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To describe coal liquefaction chemistry quantitatively, the chemical structural characteristics of a given coal were defined on the molecular level, and the reactivity of the coal was examined under hydroliquefaction conditions using two solvents, tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) and a mixture of tetralin and pyrene. A Wyoming subbituminous coal from the Rawhide Mine was found to consist of different aromatic clusters linked to each other in a specific way. At least four single-aromatic-ring clusters are linked to each other by alkyl C-C bonds, making a group of single aromatic ring clusters. These groups are connected to each other by ester groups. At least two clusters of two-fused-aromatic-ring structures are joined by alkyl C-C bonds, making a group of two-fused-ring clusters. These groups are connected to each other by ester groups and probably by ether groups. Three- or more-fused-aromatic-ring clusters are connected to each other in a similar manner. The structural data of the coal were related to product distribution and hydrogen consumption in its hydroliquefaction. The reaction of this coal with THQ at 300/sup 0/C revealed that the hydrogen-donor solvent provided little hydrogen to the coal product, but the solvent molecules themselves reacted and combined with the coal to form inseparable coal-THQ more » complexes or compounds. The reactions with a mixture of tetralin and pyrene under H/sub 2/ pressure showed that strong linkages between aromatic clusters of the coal were cleaved extensively at 400/sup 0/C but the liberated clusters recombined to become a nondistillable product. At 454/sup 0/C, in addition to the cleavage of the linkages, dealkylation was a dominant process as indicated by a 2.8-fold increase in gaseous product yield over that at 400/sup 0/C. 15 references, 23 figures, 21 tables. « less
Human single-neuron responses at the threshold of conscious recognition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We studied the responses of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe while subjects viewed familiar faces, animals, and landmarks. By progressively shortening the duration of stimulus presentation, coupled with backward masking, we show two striking properties of these neurons. ( i ) Their responses are not statistically different for the 33-ms, 66-ms, and 132-ms stimulus durations, and only for the 264-ms presentations there is a significantly higher firing. ( ii ) These responses follow conscious perception, as indicated by the subjects' recognition report. Remarkably, when recognized, a single snapshot as brief as 33 ms was sufficient to trigger strong single-unit responses far outlasting stimulus presentation. These results suggest that neurons in the medial temporal lobe can reflect conscious recognition by “all-or-none” responses.
Dataset of "Spiders as urban allies: The contribution of jumping spiders to mosquito biological control in an urban environment"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data set from Moura et al. 2025, where each tab contains data from the models: (1) spider model, (2) mosquito model and (3) stable isotopes of N and C. The article is available in the Journal of Pest Science. Spiders as urban allies: The contribution of jumping spiders to mosquito biological control in an urban environment The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a multi-pathogen vector of human diseases. Massive efforts have been devoted to understanding its biology and developing control techniques, but fewer studies have investigated the influence of its natural enemies, especially for adult mosquitoes. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are well-adapted to urban environments and show potential for controlling mosquito populations. However, the study of these interactions in urban areas is still incipient. We investigated whether the spider community and Ae. aegypti populations overlap temporally and spatially and how they are related to dengue incidence in a Brazilian city with high dengue incidence. We sampled jumping spiders using a visual capture method and installed mosquito egg traps in districts of the city with different levels of dengue incidence. We conducted these surveys in the dry and wet seasons and used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to assess whether jumping spiders consume Ae. aegypti. We found three species (Menemerus bivittatus, Hasarius adansoni, and Corythalia conferta), of which the most abundant among districts and seasons was M. bivittatus. Spider community was denser during the dry season and in areas with low dengue incidence. Accordingly, mosquito eggs were less abundant in periods and areas with low spider density, specifically during the wet season and in areas with low dengue incidence. Stable isotope ratios indicate that M. bivittatus indeed feeds on Ae. aegypti females. Our findings suggest that jumping spiders can be involved as controlling agents of Ae. aegypti populations, potentially reducing the spread of dengue and providing a basis for encouraging further studies on the influence of urban spiders on mosquito populations and dengue management.
Effects of Crataegus microphylla on Vascular Dysfunction in Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic in vivo treatment of Crataegus microphylla ( CM ) extract in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ, intraperitoneal, 65 mg/kg) preserves vascular function and to evaluate whether the reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid peroxidation mediates its mechanisms of action. Starting at 4 weeks of diabetes, CM extract (100 mg/kg) was administrated to diabetic rats for 4 weeks. In aortic rings, relaxation to acetylcholine and vasoreactivity to noradrenaline were impaired, whereas aortic iNOS expression and plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), total nitrite–nitrate, and malondialdehite levels were increased in diabetic rats compared with controls. Chronic CM treatment significantly corrected all the above abnormalities in diabetic rats. In comparison, pretreatment of the aorta of diabetic rats with N ‐[3(aminomethyl) benzyl]‐acetamidine, dihydrochloride (10 –5 M), a selective inhibitor of iNOS, produced a similar recovery in vascular reactivity. These results suggest that chronic in vivo treatment of CM preserves endothelium‐dependent relaxation and vascular contraction in STZ‐induced diabetes, possibly by reducing iNOS expression in the aorta and by decreasing plasma levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 and by preventing lipid peroxidation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Status, Prospects and Constraints of Riverbed Cultivation in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Riverbed farming is a sustainable, productivity-enhancing technology suitable for dissemination in other appropriate areas. It has been shown to be economically viable, environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and technologically appropriate for landless and land-poor farmers in the Terai region. The study was conducted on five villages from three riverbed systems with 20 respondents from each village thereby totaling number of 100 respondents. The data were collected on information about riverbed cultivation, marketing of riverbed products, prospects of riverbed cultivation and constraints of riverbed cultivation. The results shows that 100% respondents give first rank to proper utilization of riverbed land for adopting riverbed cultivation and 100% accept that they have used income from riverbed cultivation to setup other occupations. It was also shown that most of the farmers sell their produce through middlemen from the farm that was 75% in Singimari river bed system followed by 65% in Torsha and 60% in Shiltorsha respectively and transportation was the most important constraint having mean value 2.83
Study on floral organ culture and rapid propagation of oriental hybrid lily

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The floral organ culture of Oriental Lily Sorbonne was studied by using its petals,filaments and receptacles as explants respectively. The best explant was receptacle. The best medium for callus formation was MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L. The best medium for bud initiation was MS+BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L. The best medium for the propagation of cluster shoots was MS+KT0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L. The best medium for rooting of seedlings was 1/2MS +NAA 0.2 mg/L.
Sheath Analysis of Conducting Channel Walls in Anode-Layer Hall Thruster with Acceleration Zone Shifted Downstream

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Channel wall sheath thickness in an anode-layer Hall thruster RAIJIN66 was investigated by a two-dimensional hybrid simulation and a one-dimensional sheath model. A hybrid particle-fluid model with the quasineutrality assumption was used to obtain the wall ion flux and plasma property at plasma-sheath edge. The plasma property inside the sheath was estimated by the nonneutral sheath model. The simulated ion wall current density at the channel exit was 100 A/m2, and the estimated sheath thickness was 0.64 mm. If the wall ion current density is reduced to 1/20 of this value, the sheath region will be extended to cover 50\% of the channel width.
Tagged Grid Matching Based Object Detection in Wavelet Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Object detection using Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) plays a major contribution in the analysis of image processing. Existing cluster-based algorithm for co-saliency object detection performs the work on the multiple images. The co-saliency detection results are not desirable to handle the multi scale image objects in WNN. Existing Super Resolution (SR) scheme for landmark images identifies the corresponding regions in the images and reduces the mismatching rate. But the Structure-aware matching criterion is not paying attention to detect multiple regions in SR images and fail to enhance the result percentage of object detection. To detect the objects in the high-resolution remote sensing images, Tagged Grid Matching (TGM) technique is proposed in this paper. TGM technique consists of the three main components such as object determination, object searching and object verification in WNN. Initially, object determination in TGM technique specifies the position and size of objects in the current image. The specification of the position and size using the hierarchical grid easily determines the multiple objects. Second component, object searching in TGM technique is carried out using the cross-point searching. The cross out searching point of the objects is selected to faster the searching process and reduces the detection time. Final component performs the object verification process in TGM technique for identifying (i.e.,) detecting the dissimilarity of objects in the current frame. The verification process matches the search result grid points with the stored grid points to easily detect the objects using the Gabor wavelet Transform. The implementation of TGM technique offers a significant improvement on the multi-object detection rate, processing time, precision factor and detection accuracy level.
THE PROMINENCE OF VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL IN MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES FORECASTING MODELS WITH STATIONARY PROBLEMS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the problems in modelling multivariate time series is stationary. Stationary test results do not always produce all stationary variables; mixed stationary and non-stationary variables are possible. When stationary problems are found in multivariate time series modelling, it is necessary to evaluate the model's performance in various stationary conditions to obtain the best forecasting model. This study aims to get a superior multivariate time series forecasting model based on the goodness of the model in various stationary conditions. In this study, the evaluation of the model's performance through simulation data modelling is then applied to the actual data with a stationary problem, namely Bogor City inflation data. The best model in simulation modelling is based on the stability of RMSE and MAD in 100 replications. The results are that the VAR model is the best in various stationary conditions. Meanwhile, the best model on actual data modelling is based on evaluation in 4 folds for model fitting power and model forecasting power. The Bogor City inflation data modelling with the mixed stationary problem resulted in the best model, namely the VAR(1) model. This means the VAR model is good enough to be used as a forecasting model in mixed stationary conditions. Thus, in this study, based on the goodness of the model in two modelling scenarios in various stationary conditions, overall, it was found that the VAR model was superior to the VARD and VECM models.
Influence of the course of general massage and infrared saunas on the peripheral gas exchange and microcirculation of gymnasts skin

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ВЛИЯНИЕ КУРСА ОБЩЕГО МАССАЖА И ИНФРАКРАСНОЙ САУНЫ НА СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКОГО ГАЗООБМЕНА И МИКРОЦИРКУЛЯЦИЮ КОЖИ У ГИМНАСТОК Юлия Борисовна Семенова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет (ГБОУ ВПО СПбГПМУ МЗ РФ); Ирина Александровна Афанасьева, доктор биологических наук, Национальный государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и здоровья имени П.Ф. Лесгафта, Санкт-Петербург (НГУ им. П.Ф. Лесгафта, Санкт-Петербург); Мирон Яковлевич Левин, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Санкт-Петербургская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины (ФГБОУ ВПО СПб ГАВМ)
Dating of Multistage Fluid Flow in Sandstones

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Through ultraviolet laser argon-argon dating of potassium feldspar cements containing fluid inclusions, we determined temperature-composition-time data for paleofluids in a sedimentary basin, including data for an evolving episode of fluid flow recorded in distinct phases of cement. The fluid evolved from mixed aqueous oil 83 million years ago to purely aqueous by 76 million years ago, thus dating the time of oil charge in this reservoir.
Raranga te Kete Aronui—Weaving the Basket: Continuing With Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This issue of the Journal uses the metaphor of raranga te kete aronui (weaving the basket of the pursuit of knowledge) as it continues the conversation of developing areas of open, flexible, and distance learning (OFDL). It comes at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional face-to-face teaching in classrooms on a global scale, and the value of open, flexible, and distance learning has become starkly apparent. This issue has five articles which contribute to the ongoing knowledge presented in this issue. There are two articles based on educational theory: Higgins explores the theoretical history of OFDL, and the work of Nichols et al. is based on Mezirow’s 10 stages of transformative learning. Three research articles provide insight into a range of specific areas: Sime et al. use networked learning theory to investigate the design of a social exploration MOOC, Irons and Hartnett present exploratory research into the teaching of computational thinking in junior classrooms in New Zealand, and Nyugen describes the design and development of qualifications in early childhood education and care to meet a demand for New Zealand home-based early childhood educators to be qualified. These are all contributions to our weaving and filling of te kete aronui.
[South Reading Room, Library, North Texas State Teachers College, 1929]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Photograph of the North Texas State Teachers College Library in the spring of 1929. Seen in the photo is a large room with long tables at which are seated a variety of young men and women looking at various books. Along the back wall can be seen shelves of books. To the left can be seen sculptures. The photographic image is affixed to a pale gray mount with line borders. At lower right front corner is embossed photographer's mark: / Denton, Texas. On the reverse of the mount are handwritten the following notes: This picture was made in the spring of 1929, soon after the few books on the wall were moved from the stacks to this room (South Reading Room in old Library Building - now Historical Building). It represents the beginning of the Reference Dept. - L. Brashears. and For Miss Brashears Compliments of the Shaw Studio. The photograph shows the Library Building (built 1912-1913) the first library building on the NT campus, which later would be called the Historical Building, and is presently the O.J. Curry Building (Curry Hall). Lottie Brashears started at NT in 1921 as Assistant Librarian, and worked at various positions within the NT Library until her retirement in 1958. She was one of the first heads of the Reference Department.
Lack of Identity of the A Antigen and Concanavalin A Receptor on Bovine Erythrocytes; Implications for Membrane Structure1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Concanavalin A binding experiments on trypsinized and nontrypsinized bovine red cells strongly indicate that the con A receptor and the A antigen are molecularly independent cell surface entities. Untrypsinized bovine red cells are not agglutinated by con A, although such cells do bind the lectin. Trypsinization of A‐positive cells causes increased binding of anti‐A antibodies, accompanied by clustering of the A antigen sites on the membrane. Following trypsinization additional con A is also bound, but the con A receptors are not seen to aggregate in the membrane. This selective ligand‐induced antigen redistribution in the membrane suggests that mammalian red cell membranes are in a fluid state, and that the fluidity of membrane moieties can vary.
Dental Opioid Prescribing Practices and Risk Mitigation Strategy Implementation: Identification of Potential Targets for Provider-Level Intervention

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background Given the regular use of immediate-release opioids for dental pain management, as well as documented opioid misuse among dental patients, the dental visit may provide a viable point of intervention to screen, identify, and educate patients regarding the risks associated with prescription opioid misuse and diversion. The aims of this statewide survey of dental practitioners were to assess (a) awareness of the scope of prescription opioid misuse and diversion; (b) current opioid prescribing practices; (c) use of and opinions regarding risk mitigation strategies; and (d) use and perceived utility of drug monitoring programs. Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed dentists ( N = 87) participating in statewide professional and alumni organizations. Dentists were invited via e-mail and listserv announcement to participate in a one-time, online, 59-item, self-administered survey. Results A majority of respondents reported prescribing opioids ( n = 66; 75.8%). A minority of respondents ( n = 38; 44%) reported regularly screening for current prescription drug abuse. Dentists reported low rates of requesting prior medical records ( n = 5; 5.8%). Only 38% ( n = 33) of respondents had ever accessed a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP), and only 4 (4.7%) consistently used a PDMP. Dentists reporting prior training in drug diversion were significantly more likely to have accessed their PDMP, P < .01. Interest in continuing education regarding assessment of prescription drug abuse/diversion and use of drug monitoring programs was high. Conclusions Although most dentists received training related to prescribing opioids, findings identified a gap in existing dental training in the assessment/identification of prescription opioid misuse and diversion. Findings also identified gaps in the implementation of recommended risk mitigation strategies, including screening for prescription drug abuse, consistent provision of patient education, and use of a PDMP prior to prescribing opioids.