jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Visualization of spontaneous electronic polarization in Pb ion of ferroelectric PbTiO3 by synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we accurately visualized the valence electron density distributions of ferroelectrics PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 by analyzing synchrotron-radiation powder x-ray diffraction (SXRD) data using the Rietveld method and the maximum entropy method. Clear SXRD evidence indicates that the Pb ion in PbTiO3 is polarized in the ferroelectric phase, whereas the Ba ion in BaTiO3 is not polarized and fully ionized as a Ba2+ ion. The large electronic polarization of the Pb ion is attributed to the anisotropic spatial distribution of the lone-pair electrons of the Pb2+ ion, particularly the anisotropic p-like orbital of the lone-pair electrons caused by the formation of Pb–O covalent bonds. In PbTiO3, the contribution of the electronic polarization of the Pb ion to the spontaneous polarization is significant. We experimentally evaluate the contributions of the ionic polarization and the electronic polarization, respectively, from the valence electron density distribution map and demonstrate that the spontaneous polarization can be calculated from the SXRD data as the sum of them. One of the Ti–O covalent bonds is broken at the phase transition in PbTiO3, whereas no change in the atomic coordination is observed in BaTiO3. When focusing on the covalent bonding network, we propose using a layered material for PbTiO3 in the ferroelectric phase. These results agree well with those of first-principles calculations. We expect further comprehensive valence electron density studies can be performed by combining SXRD experiments and first-principles calculations to better understand the emergence of ferroelectricity.
Development of a selective and sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycoplasma pirum

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A new assay using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify a 173-nucleotide DNA fragment within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of Mycoplasma pirum has been developed. The assay selectively amplified DNA from all strains of M. pirum tested with a high level of sensitivity, even in a context of human DNA. DNA from other mollicute species, including those closely related to M. pirum, from bacteria phylogenetically close to mollicutes (Clostridium innocuum, C. ramosum and Bacillus subtilis), from Escherichia coli and from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, did not produce the amplified DNA product specific for M. pirum.
Oversized semi-compliant balloon to dilate an “undilatable” stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 56 year old woman presented for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), following the recurrence of limiting angina two years after coronary bypass operation. In this short time, the saphenous vein graft to her right coronary artery had blocked, and the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) anastomosed to her left anterior descending artery (LAD) …
A Latent Class Binomial Logit Methodology for the Analysis of Paired Comparison Choice Data: An Application Reinvestigating the Determinants of Perceived Risk

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A latent class model for identifying classes of subjects in paired comparison choice experiments is developed. The model simultaneously estimates a probabilistic classification of subjects and the logit models' coefficients relating characteristics of objects to choices for each respective group among two alternatives in paired comparison experiments. A modest Monte Carlo analysis of algorithm performance is presented. The proposed model is illustrated with empirical data from a consumer psychology experiment that examines the determinants of perceived consumer risk. The predictive validity of the method is assessed and compared to that of several other procedures. The sensitivity of the method to (randomly) eliminate comparisons, which is important in view of reducing respondent fatigue in the task, is investigated.
Dynamic Relationship between Diversity and Plasticity of Cell types in Multi-cellular State

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dynamics maintaining diversity of cell types in a multi-cellular system are studied in relationship with the plasticity of cellular states. First, we introduce a new theoretical framework, reaction-diffusion system on `chemical species space' to model intra-cellular chemical reaction dynamics. Then, by considering the cell division and death of such cells, developmental process from a single cell is studied. Cell differentiation process is found to occur through instability in transient dynamics and cell-cell interaction. In a long time behavior, extinction of multiple cells is repeated, which leads to itinerancy over successive quasi-stable multi-cellular states consisting of different types of cells. By defining the plasticity of a cellular state, it is shown that the plasticity of cells decreases before the large extinction, from which diversity and plasticity are recovered. After this switching, decrease of plasticity again occurs, leading to the next extinction of multiple cells. This cycle is repeated. Relevance of our results to the development, evolution is briefly discussed.
Finno-Ugric Rune Song Tradition Revisited: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Värttinä's "Äijö"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary Finnish folk music, unlike internationally successful contemporary Finnish rock (HIM, Nightwish, The Rasmus), transmits Finnish and Finno-Ugric tradition in a reinterpreted form to international audiences. This article explores this transmission through a case analysis of Äijö, a song by Värttinä, "the brand name" of Finnish World Music. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) provides a unified framework, which allows for tan examination of how different folk music traditions and the practices of Western popular music have been used in Äijö. The data with which this research was undertaken consists of publicly available media texts representing different stages of the production, distribution and consumption of Äijö.
Technological Trends in Open Fronthauls for Beyond 5G and 6G Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-massive interconnection composed of extremely small to minuscule networks that are significantly overloaded is required for the fifth generation (5G) and the next sixth generation (6G) networks. In order to meet the demands for network flexibility, complete coverage, and huge access, the conventional radio access network (RAN) will be completely revamped. This study focuses on the technological trends in the requirements-fulfilling Open RAN (ORAN) architecture and essential technologies in this regard. In particular, the study investigates the potential of Radio over Fibre (RoF) and Passive Optical Networks (PON) for Open Optical Front Hauls (OOFH) and trends in AI algorithms, for enhancing system performance and network intelligence simultaneously. The article showcases experimental results using OpenRAN Gym, an open-source, practical platform designed for end-to-end system design, data collection, and testing workflows aimed at intelligent control in next-generation Open RAN systems. Two xApps developed with OpenRAN Gym are demonstrated, managing a large-scale network of 10 base stations and 60 users deployed on the Colosseum testbed. Performance is assessed by analyzing transmitted packets and buffer occupancy. Additionally, an OFH system with Analog RoF is tested, using linearisation techniques to reduce the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) to below 2%. The study also includes an experimental MIMO Fi-Wi OFH case, where a 5G new radio waveform achieves a 3% EVM, complying with the 3GPP standards.
Time in L.S. Vygotsky’s Oeuvre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Background. Currently, different versions of Russian and international concepts are being developed in a single scientific field. In this context, the high heuristic potential of L.S. Vygotsky’s concept is revealed as his ideas are in tune with the challenges of information culture. Objectives. The goal of the current work is to present the integrity of L.S. Vygotsky’s concept of culture and the variability of his ideas about emotional experience, sign and tools, the social situation of development, crises at different periods and in different situations in the development of science. The connection between continuity and change over time makes Vygotsky's concept flexible and productive for a digital society. Methods. The historical-genetic approach, historical hermeneutics and categorical analysis are used to trace the internal logic and stages of the formation of L.S. Vygotsky’s scientific views, as well as to outline his opponents and the origins of his methodology and discoveries. Results. Personal and sociocultural (temporary) factors in the emergence and development of the concept of L.S. Vygotsky were analysed. The role of the initial works on the psychology of culture and theatre in the formation of psychological concepts of emotional experience and personality was shown. A holistic picture of the dynamics of the scientist’s views on the development of psyche, the role of the tool-sign, the social situation of development and crises, as factors that determine the boundaries of possible personality changes, the connection between affect and intelligence throughout ontogenesis was presented. The transformation of the concept of interiorisation, which becomes one of the central ones for the development of the psyche in a digital society, was revealed. Conclusions. Variability over time and, simultaneously, the fundamental integrity of L.S. Vygotsky’s approach to culture in its various forms (word, sign, emotional experience, theatre, society) are the basis for the high productivity and creative potential of his ideas, which make it possible to transform them in different social situations of the development of science. The personality of the creator in the context of his life and the life of his ideas gives possibility to interpret it in terms of the psychology of drama, expanding the boundaries of analysis and incorporation of the scientific worldview and concepts of L.S. Vygotsky in modern psychology.
Safety and efficacy of excimer laser powered lead extractions in obese patients: a GALLERY subgroup analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Both, the prevalence of obesity and incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related complications are increasing worldwide. Transvenous laser lead extraction is a way to meet the rising complexity of cases, but knowledge about the impact of body-mass-index (BMI) on this procedure is limited. Methods and Results All patients in the GALLERY (GermAn Laser Lead Extraction RegistrY) database were stratified by BMI in accordance to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Patient characteristics, as well as procedural outcomes were analyzed. Within the group of obese patients (BMI ≥30kg/m2), predictors for adverse outcomes (procedural failure, complications, all-cause mortality) were assessed. A total of 2524 patients were divided into 5 groups (Underweight: BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2, Regular weight: BMI 18.5-24.5 kg/m2; Overweight: BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2, Obese 1: 30.0-34.9 kg/m2, Obese 2: BMI &gt;35.0 kg/m2). Most patients (46.6%) were overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9kg/m2). The prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension (84.2%; p&lt;0.001), chronic kidney disease (36.8%; p=0.020) and diabetes mellitus (51.1%; p&lt;0.001) were highest amongst patients in group Obese 2. In this patient group (Obese 2), systemic infection was the leading extraction indication (39.8%; p&lt;0.001). There were no differences in minor (p=0.839) or major (p=0.426) complications, procedure-related- (p=0.533) and all-cause mortality (p=0.333) between groups. Rates for clinical procedural success (p=0.504) were indifferent between groups. Procedural time (p=0.450) and postoperative period of hospitalization (p=0.09) were not significantly different between groups. Multivariate analyses of groups Obese 1+2 revealed lead age ≥10 years as predictor or procedural failure (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.06-8.45; p=0.038). Lead age ≥10 years (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1,31-8.10; p=0.011) and the presence of abandoned leads (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.03-9.22; p=0.044) were identified as predictors of procedural complications, whereas a patient age ≥75 years seemed to be protective against complications (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08-0.93; p=0.039). Chronic kidney disease (OR: 3.20; 95% CI: 1.32-7.80; p=0.010) and periprocedural complications (OR: 5.33; 95% CI: 1.55-18.32; p=0.008) were identified as predictors of all-cause mortality. After adjustment, systemic infection (OR: 17.68; 95% CI: 4.03-77.49; p&lt;0.001) remained the sole predictor for all-cause mortality. Conclusion Laser lead extraction (LLE) in obese patients did not show higher rates of complications. Procedural time as well as duration of hospitalization was not prolonged. With considerate planning and in experienced centers, LLE is a safe and efficacious option for this patient collective. Systemic infection is the main driver of mortality in obese patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.
Shifting Paradigms in Spinal Infection Management: The Rising Role of Spine Endoscopy—A Systematic Review and Case Series Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The management of spinal infections, such as spondylodiscitis, remains a complex challenge. With advancements in technology, spinal endoscopy has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach. This systematic review and case series aims to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic techniques in treating primary and post-operative spinal infections. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, focusing on studies from 2000 to 2023. Our case series included patients treated with endoscopy for spinal infections in our institution between 2020 and 2023. The findings suggest that endoscopic techniques are associated with reduced tissue trauma, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery, while maintaining comparable clinical outcomes to traditional open surgery. Despite the relatively high pathogen identification rates and favorable clinical outcomes, complications such as residual infection and the need for re-operations were noted. These results emphasize the need for further research to optimize endoscopic procedures in spinal infection management, potentially paving the way for this technique to become a standard treatment option.
Aliran Feminisme Modern dan Aliran Feminisme Menurut Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Feminism is the ideology developed by the Western Europe in order to fight for equality between the two types of people: men and women. Their goal was to demand justice and the liberation of women from the shackles of religion, culture, and other living structure. The term feminism or gender is often called, according to Dr. Mansour Fakih, no description is able to explain briefly and clearly. They want separation of gender and sex. That is, by nature do not matter but the nature of it that need attention. For them, the concept of gender that is an inherent nature of the opponent men and women who are socially and culturally constructed. For example, it is known a gentle woman, beautiful, emotional, or motherhood. While men are considered strong, rational, manly, powerful. As according to Oakley (1972) in Sex, Gender, and Society, gender differences are not biologically meaningful, and not the nature of God. Biological differences are differences in gender (sex) which is the nature of God, and therefore are permanently different. As gender is a difference in behavior (behavioral differences) between men and women, the differences are not natural or not the provisions of God, but was created by humans through social and cultural processes that long. Therefore, a gender change from time to time.
The onset of Magneto–Darcy–Rayleigh–Bénard convection under local thermal non-equilibrium with two-layer system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The investigation focuses on the consequences of various thermal distributions examined in the context of Magneto–Darcy–Rayleigh–Bénard (MDRB) convection onset under local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE). The system under consideration consists of a two-layer configuration, with an incompressible fluid and horizontally positioned adiabatic peripheries. An analytical solution to the resultant problem is accomplished using the regular perturbation method. Concerning the six thermal distributions, we examine variables such as the ratio of heat expansion in the solid phase, the ratio of heat diffusivities in the solid phase, and the inter-phase heat diffusivity ratio, which exhibits a propensity towards LTNE. Furthermore, we investigate the consequences of modifying the values of constraints, namely, the ratio of heat expansion in the fluid phase, the ratio of heat diffusivities in the fluid phase, the porous parameter, the heat ratio, and the Chandrasekhar number. The empirical observations indicate that the model (iii) exhibits a significantly higher degree of instability when compared to other distributions. Conversely, model (v) demonstrates a notable level of stability. Moreover, it is intriguing that the system governed by the model (vi) exhibits higher stability than the model (iv) thermal distribution within the context of a composite system.
Autonomic activity difference during continuous positive airway pressure titration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome with or without hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our findings demonstrate that CPAP therapy results in a greater and immediate change in autonomic activity in hypertensive OSAHS patients compared with normotensive OSAHS patients. This suggests that CPAP lowers blood pressure by decreasing the patient's autonomic activity.
MET kinase mutations in lung cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e21014 Background: Although mutations in the kinase domain of MET are well described in papillary renal cell carcinoma, they are rare and poorly studied in lung cancer, but could constitute a new therapeutic target given the availability of potent MET inhibitors. The characteristics of patients with MET kinase mutation in lung cancer are still unknown. Our objective was to describe the demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of these patients, and analyze their survival. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study including patients with lung cancer harboring a MET kinase mutation. Patients who had already received treatment with a MET TKI before the MET kinase mutation was found were excluded. Results: We identified 37 patients with a MET kinase mutation. Among them, 2 had already received a MET inhibitor and in 8 cases, the data were not accessible. A total of 27 patients were included in the final analysis, including 17 males (63%) and only 2 (8%) never smokers. The median age was 64 (range 43-86). Most patients had adenocarcinoma (n = 25, 93%). 19 patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. The main metastatic sites were brain (n = 8, 42%), bones (n = 7, 37%) and lungs (n = 5, 19%). PDL1 expression level was available for 21 patients, and was < 1%, 1-49% and ≥50% in 4 (19%), 5 (24%) and 12 (57%) patients respectively. MET kinase mutations involved exon 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19 in 6 (22%), 7 (26%), 7 (26%), 3 (11%) and 4 (15%) patients respectively. The 2 most common mutations were H1112Y (4 patients) and H1097R (3 patients). 18 patients (67%) had a concurrent alteration by NGS including TP53 mutations (n = 11, 41%), KRAS mutations (n = 6, 22%) and NRAS mutations (n = 3, 11%). Overall, co-alterations involving known driver oncogenes were detected in 13 patients (48%). 19 patients received a first-line systemic treatment for advanced disease. Median progression-free survival with chemotherapy and immunotherapy was 10.5 and 6.4 months, respectively (p = 0.55). Median overall survival was 12.2 months. No patient received a MET inhibitor. Conclusions: MET kinase mutations are not associated with specific clinical characteristics and frequently occur together with other oncogene mutations. These results suggest that these mutations may not be sufficient to drive carcinogenesis by themselves.
Social Media for Science-Science and Science-Society Connects: Assessing the Readiness in Indian Context through an Analysis of Social Media Visibility of Research Papers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vivek Kumar Singh1, Mousumi Karmakar2, Anurag Kanaujia1 and Sujit Bhattacharya3 Author informationPDFCitations 1Department of Computer Science, Banaras Hindu University, Array 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alliance University, Bangalore, INDIA 3CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR), New Delhi, INDIA Corresponding author. Correspondence: Anurag Kanaujia Department of Computer Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005,
EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING APPROACH ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MAARA SUBCOUNTY, KENYA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed at investigating the effect of experiential learning approach on students’ attitude towards biology in Secondary schools in Maara sub-county, Kenya. Quasi experimental research design was employed and in particular Solomon four group design. The target population was 22,640 biology students in secondary schools in Maara sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County. The accessible population consisted of 1,557 form two students in the Sub-County mixed secondary schools. The purposive sampling was used to draw four sub-County mixed secondary schools from a list of mixed secondary schools in Maara the Sub-County. The sample size comprised of 118 students. The research instruments used was Biology Attitude Questionnaire (BAQ). The instrument was piloted to determine its reliability in a Sub-County mixed secondary school in Meru-South Sub-County. Reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.762. The validity of the research instrument was ascertained by experts in the department of education of Chuka University. Experimental groups (E1 and E2) were taught using experiential learning approach while control groups (C1 and C2) were taught using conventional teaching approach. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 aided in data analysis. The raw data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentages) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Turkey post hoc analysis). The null hypothesis was tested at α= 0.05 significant level. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference in students' attitude towards biology among students taught using experiential learning approach and conventional approach. It was therefore recommended that the experiential learning approach should be applied to improve students’ attitude towards biology and thus improved academic performance. The findings of the study may be help curriculum planners and learning institutions to incorporate innovative techniques in classroom teaching to improve learners’ motivation to learn biology subject in Kenya. The findings also form a ground upon which likely further research could be built for innovative teaching techniques in secondary schools.
A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of pairs of oleanene- and ursane-type triterpenoid saponins and their major metabolites in mice plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacokinetic study of pairs of oleanene- and ursane-type triterpenoid saponins and their major metabolites in control & NAFLD mice.