Strange vernaculars : how eighteenth century slang cant provincial languages and Nautical Jargon became English While eighteenth century efforts to standardize the English language have long been studied from Samuel Johnsons Dictionary to grammar and elocution books of the period less well known are the eras popular collections of odd slang criminal argots provincial dialects and nautical jargon. Strange Vernaculars delves into how these published works presented the supposed lexicons of the common people and traces the ways that these languages once shunned and associated with outsiders became objects of fascination in printed glossaries from The New Canting Dictionary to Francis Groses Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue and in novels poems and songs including works by Daniel Defoe John Gay Samuel Richardson Robert Burns and others. Janet Sorensen argues that the recognition and recovery of outsider languages was part of a transition in the eighteenth century from an aristocratic exclusive body politic to a British national community based on the rhetoric of inclusion and liberty as well as the revaluing of a common British past. These representations of the vernacular made room for the common people within national culture but only after representing their language as strange. Such strange and estranged languages even or especially in their obscurity came to be claimed as British making for complex imaginings of the nation and those who composed it.