Zur biomechanischen Belastung von Insassen im mittleren Fahrzeug bei Dreier Auffahrkollisionen A goal of this study was the systematic identification of biomechanical stress acting on the occupants in regard of the cervical spine with the newly defined sandwichcollision. This describes a rear end collision of a vehicle with a second vehicle in front of it which is pushed onto a third vehicle which is in front of the second vehicle in turn. The second vehicles thus the middle of the three vehicles occupants movement was of interest and was calculated on the basis of 36 simulations and compared to 34 simulated head on collisions. The simulation calculations using PC Crash and Madymo showed that while at the same collision related velocity change the vehicle involved in a sandwichcollision induces a significantly higher biomechanical stress to which the vehicle occupant was exposed than a head on collision considered in isolation. This occurred at a gap of 80 cm and less between the front and the middle vehicle. These gaps are typically exceeded but can fall short of in hazardous situations too. For the quantification of the biomechanical stress the differential speed between head and torso during the deceleration phase after the rear end collision at the head on collision was evaluated. By this differential speed shearing motions between head and torso can be explained. As a result the so defined biomechanical frontal stress in the event of a sandwichcollision by the overlap of the rebound movement of the rear end collision with the head on collision exceeds ... Halswirbelsäule Halswirbelsäulenverletzung Verkehrsunfall Schleudertrauma Sandwich Kollision Auffahrunfall Auffahrkollision Biomechanische Belastung