Advanced signal integrity for high speed digital designs 14.11 References 14.12 Problems Appendix A: Useful formulae identities units and constants Appendix B: 4 port Conversions between T and S parameters Appendix C: Critical values of the F statistic Appendix D: Critical values of the t statistic Appendix E: Derivation of the internal inductance using the Hilbert Transform Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction: The importance of signal integrity 1.1 Computing Power: Past and Future 1.2 The problem 1.3 The Basics 1.4 A new realm of bus design 1.5 Scope 1.6 Summary 1.7 References Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Fundamentals for Signal Integrity 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Maxwells Equations 2.3 Common Vector Operators 2.4 Wave Propagation 2.5 Electrostatics 2.6 Magnetostatics 2.7 Power Flow and the Poynting Vector 2.8 Reflections of Electromagnetic Waves 2.9 References 2.10 Problems Chapter 3: Ideal Transmission Line Fundamentals 3.1 Transmission Line Structures 3.2 Wave propagation on loss free transmission lines 3.3 Transmission line properties 3.4 Transmission line parameters for the loss free case 3.5 Transmission line reflections 3.6 Time domain Reflectometry 3.7 References 3.8 Problems Chapter 4: Crosstalk 4.1 Mutual Inductance and Capacitance 4.2 Coupled Wave Equations 4.3 Coupled Line Analysis 4.4 Modal Analysis 4.5 Crosstalk Minimization 4.6 Summary 4.7 References 4.8 Problems Chapter 5: Non ideal conductor models for transmission lines 5.1 Signals propagating in an unbounded conductive media 5.2 Classic conductor model for transmission lines 5.3 Surface Roughness 5.4 Transmission line parameters with a non ideal conductor 5.5 Problems Chapter 6: Electrical properties of dielectrics 6.1 Polarization of dielectrics 6.2 Classification of dielectric materials 6.3 Frequency dependent dielectric behavior 6.4 Properties of a physical dielectric model 6.5 The fiber weave effect 6.6 Environmental variation in dielectric behavior 6.7 Transmission line parameters for lossy dielectrics and realistic conductors 6.8 References 6.9 Problems Chapter 7: Differential signaling 7.1 Removal of common mode noise 7.2 Differential Crosstalk 7.3 Virtual reference plane 7.4 Propagation of Modal Voltages 7.5 Common terminology 7.6 Drawbacks of differential signaling 7.7 References 7.8 Problems Chapter 8: Mathematical Requirements of Physical Channels 8.1 Frequency domain effects in time domain simulations 8.2 Requirements for a physical Channel 8.3 References 8.4 Problems Chapter 9: Network Analysis for Digital Engineers 9.1 High frequency voltage and current waves 9.2 Network Theory 9.3 Properties of Physical S parameters 9.4 References 9.5 Problems Chapter 10: Topics in High Speed Channel Modeling 10.1 Creating a physical transmission line mode 10.2 Non Ideal Return Paths 10.3 Vias 10.4 References 10.5 Problems Chapter 11: I O Circuits and Models 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Push Pull Transmitters 11.3 CMOS Receivers 11.4 ESD Protection Circuits 11.5 On Chip Termination 11.6 Bergeron Diagrams 11.7 Open Drain Transmitters 11.8 Differential Current Mode Transmitters 11.9 Low Swing Differential Receivers 11.10 IBIS Models 11.11 Summary 11.12 References 11.13 Problems Chapter 12: Equalization 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Continuous Time Linear Equalizers 12.3 Discrete Linear Equalizers 12.4 Decision Feedback Equalization 12.5 Summary 12.6 References 12.7 Problems Chapter 13: Modeling and Budgeting of Timing Jitter and Noise 13.1 The Eye Diagram 13.2 Bit Error Rate 13.3 Jitter Sources and Budgets 13.4 Noise Sources and Budgets 13.5 Peak Distortion Analysis Methods 13.6 Summary 13.7 References 13.8 Problems Chapter 14: System Analysis Using Response Surface Modeling 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Case Study: 10 Gb s differential PCB interface 14.3 RSM Construction by Least Squares Fitting 14.4 Measures of Fit 14.5 Significance Testing 14.6 Confidence Intervals 14.7 Sensitivity Analysis and Design Optimization 14.8 Defect Rate Prediction Using Monte Carlo Simulation 14.9 Additional RSM Considerations 14.10 Summary A synergistic approach to signal integrity for high speed digital design This book is designed to provide contemporary readers with an understanding of the emerging high speed signal integrity issues that are creating roadblocks in digital design. Written by the foremost experts on the subject it leverages concepts and techniques from non related fields such as applied physics and microwave engineering and applies them to high speed digital design—creating the optimal combination between theory and practical applications. Following an introduction to the importance of signal integrity chapter coverage includes: . Electromagnetic fundamentals for signal integrity. Transmission line fundamentals. Crosstalk. Non ideal conductor models including surface roughness and frequency dependent inductance. Frequency dependent properties of dielectrics. Differential signaling. Mathematical requirements of physical channels. S parameters for digital engineers. Non ideal return paths and via resonance. I O circuits and models. Equalization. Modeling and budgeting of timing jitter and noise. System analysis using response surface modeling Each chapter includes many figures and numerous examples to help readers relate the concepts to everyday design and concludes with problems for readers to test their understanding of the material. Advanced Signal Integrity for High Speed Digital Designs is suitable as a textbook for graduate level courses on signal integrity for programs taught in industry for professional engineers and as a reference for the high speed digital designer