The archaeology of South east Italy in the first millennium BC : Greek and native societies of Apulia and Lucania between the 10th and the 1st Century BC Synthesizing some 30 years of archaeological research in south east Italy this book discusses a millennium that witnessed breathtaking changes: the first millennium BC. In nine to ten centuries the Mediterranean societies changed from a great variety of mostly small entities of predominantly tribal nature into the enormous state currently indicated as the Roman Empire. This volume is a case study discussing the pathway to complexity of one of the regions that contributed to the formation of this large state:south east Italy. It highlights how initially small groups developed into complex societies how and why these adapted to increasingly wide horizons and how and why Italic groups and migrants from the eastern Mediterranean interacted and created entirely new social economic cultural and physical landscapes. This synthesis is based on research carried out by many Italian archaeologists and by research groups from quite a variety of other countries. Amsterdam Archaeological Studies is a series devoted to the study of past human societies from the prehistory up into modern times primarily based on the study of archaeological remains. The series will include excavation reports of modern fieldwork; studies of categories of material culture; and synthesising studies with broader images of past societies thereby contributing to the theoretical and methodological debates in archaeology Introduction : aim concept and biases Foreigners and fortifications : Bronze Age preludes The land and the people Huts houses and migrants : the Iron Age (c. 1000 950 600 550 BC) Temples poleis and paramount chiefs : the Archaic Classical period (c. 600 550 370 BC) Towns leagues and landholding elites : the early Hellenistic period c. 370 350 250 230 BC) Peasants princes and senators : southeast Italy at the periphery of the Roman world (c. 250 230 100 80 BC)