The Oxford handbook of cities in world history In 2008 for the first time the majority of the planets inhabitants lived in cities and towns. Becoming globally urban has been one of mankinds greatest collective achievements over time and raises many questions. How did global city systems evolve and interact in the past How have historic urban patterns impacted on those of the contemporary world And what were the key drivers in the roller coaster of urban change over the millennia market forces such as trade and industry Rulers and governments Competition and collaboration between cities Or the urban environment and demographic forces This pioneering comparative work by fifty leading scholars drawn from a range of disciplines offers the first detailed comparative study of urban development from ancient times to the present day. The Handbook explores not only the main trends in the growth of cities and towns across the world but also many of the essential themes in the making and remaking of the urban world