Postcolonial Germany : memories of empire in a decolonized nation At the end of the First World War Germany appeared to have lost everything: the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians control over borderland territories and above all a sense of national self worth in the international political arena. But it also lost almost three million square kilometres of land overseas in the form of colonies and concessions in Africa China and the Pacific. Allied powers declared Germany unfit to rule over overseas populations and it was forcibly decolonized. It thus became the first ‘postcolonial’ European nation to participate in the ‘new imperialism’ of the modern era. The end of colonialism was the beginning of a memory culture that has been remarkably long lived and dynamic. This book traces the evolution of the collective memory of German colonialism stretching from the loss of the colonies across the eras of National Socialism national division and the Cold War to the present day. It shows to what extent this memory was intimately bound to objects of material culture in the former colonial metropole from tropical fruit sold at colonial balls to state gifts handed to the former colonies at independence to ethnological items kept as family heirlooms. Drawing on a wide range of sources the study marks an important shift in historical methodology considering the significance of both material culture and private memories in constructing accounts of the past. Above all it raises important questions about the public responsibilities of postcolonial nations and governments in Europe and their relationship to the private legacies of colonialism. Keywords: Germany empire Africa European history world history material culture memory postcolonialism colonialism