The convergent evolution of agriculture in humans and insects Contributors explore common elements in the evolutionary histories of both human and insect agriculture resulting from convergent evolution. During the past 12 000 years agriculture originated in humans as many as twenty three times and during the past 65 million years agriculture also originated in nonhuman animals at least twenty times and in insects at least fifteen times. It is much more likely that these independent origins represent similar solutions to the challenge of growing food than that they are due purely to chance. This volume seeks to identify common elements in the evolutionary histories of both human and insect agriculture that are the results of convergent evolution. The goal is to create a new synthetic field that characterizes quantifies and empirically documents the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that drive both human and nonhuman agriculture. The contributors report on the results of quantitative analyses comparing human and nonhuman agriculture; discuss evolutionary conflicts of interest between and among farmers and cultivars and how they interfere with efficiencies of agricultural symbiosis; describe in detail agriculture in termites ambrosia beetles and ants; and consider patterns of evolutionary convergence in different aspects of agriculture comparing fungal parasites of ant agriculture with fungal parasites of human agriculture analyzing the effects of agriculture on human anatomy and tracing the similarities and differences between the evolution of agriculture in humans and in a single relatively well studied insect group fungus farming ants. Contributors: Duur K. Aanen Niels P. R. Anten Peter H. W. Biedermann Jacobus J. Boomsma Laura T. Buck Guillaume Chomicki Tim Denham R. Ford Denison Dorian Q. Fuller Richard Gawne Nicole M. Gerardo Thomas C. Harrington Ana Ješovnik Judith Korb Chase G. Mayers George R. McGhee Kenneth Z. McKenna Lumila P. Menéndez Peter N. Peregrine Ted R. Schultz Inhaltsverzeichnis: Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Bilaterian Animals: An Adaptive Landscape Perspective George R. McGhee The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture: A Systematic Comparative Analysis Peter N. Peregrine If Group Selection is Weak What Can Agriculture Learn from Fungus Farming Insects R. Ford Denison The Sociobiology of Domestication Duur K. Aanen and Niels P.R. Anten Lifetime Commitment between Social Insect Families and their Fungal Cultivars Complicates Comparisons with Human Farming Jacobus J. Boomsma Fungus Growing Termites: An Eco Evolutionary Perspective Judith Korb Mycangia Define the Diverse Ambrosia Beetle Fungus Symbioses Chase G. Mayers Thomas C. Harrington Peter H.W. Biedermann Agricultural and proto agricultural symbioses in ants Ana Ješovnik and Ted R. Schultz Convergence and Divergence in the Evolution of Agriculture: Plant Farming by Ants Guillaume Chomicki Coevolution in the Arable Battlefield: Pathways to Crop Domestication Cultural Practices and Parasitic Domesticoids Dorian Q. Fuller and Tim Denham Convergent Adaptation and Specialization of Eukaryotic Pathogens across Agricultural Systems Nicole Gerardo Evaluating Potential Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Phenotypic Change in the Human Skeleton over the Agricultural Transition Lumila P. Menéndez and Laura T. Buck Hammonds Law: A Mechanism Governing the Development and Evolution of Form in Domesticated Organisms Richard Gawne and Kenneth Z. McKenna The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Fungus Farming Ants Ted R. Schultz.