Vulgar tongues : an alternative history of English slang Slang is the language of pop culture low culture street culture underground movements and secret societies; depending on your point of view it is a badge of honour a sign of identity or a dangerous assault on the values of polite society. Of all the vocabularies available to us slang is the most alive constantly evolving and as it leaks into the mainstream and is taken up by all of us infusing the language with a healthy dose of vitality. Witty energetic and informative Vulgar Tongues traces the many routes of slang beginning with the thieves and prostitutes of Elizabethan London and ending with the present day (where the centuries old terms rap and hip hop still survive though their meanings have changed). On the way well meet Dr Johnson World War Two flying aces pickpockets schoolchildren hardboiled private eyes carnival geeks and the many eccentric characters who have tried to record slang throughout its chequered past. If youre curious about flapdragons and ale passion the changing meanings of punk and geek or how fly originated on the streets of eighteenth century London and square in Masonic lodges this is the book for you.