Silicon photonics for telecommunications and biomedicine Today silicon photonics the technology for building low cost and complex optics on a chip is a thriving community and a blossoming business. The roots of this promising new technology date back to the late 1980s and early 1990s to the work of Soref Peterman and others. There were three early findings that paved the path for much of the subsequent progress. First it was recognized that micrometer size waveguides compatible with the CMOS technology of the time could be realized despite the large refractive index difference between silicon and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Previously this large refractive index was thought to result in multimode waveguides that are undesirable for building useful interferometric devices such as directional coupler Mach Zehnder modulators and so on. Although todays submicron (nanophotonic) waveguides are routinely realized and desired for their more efficient use of wafer real estate the advance fabrication capability needed to fabricate such structures was not widely available to photonic device researchers. Second it was proposed by Soref that by modulating the free carrier density which can be done easily with a diode or a transistor electro optic switching can be achieved through the resulting electroabsorption and electrorefraction effects. Third it was shown that infrared photodectors operating in the telecommunication band centered at 1550 nm can be monolithically integrated onto silicon chips using strained layer GeSi (and eventually Ge) grown directly on silicon. The potential for creating low cost photonics using the silicon CMOS chip manufacturing infrastructure was gradually recognized by the photonics research and business community in the late 1990s and early 2000s Focusing on the important obstacles to be met in order to make silicon photonics a viable commercial reality this book provides a concise introduction to major developments in the field. Worldwide experts provide clear explanations of the fundamentals and state of the art approaches. After a historical review the text discusses the critical areas of silicon wire waveguides and optical parametric effects in silicon stress and piezoelectric tuning of silicons optical properties and short pulse techniques in silicon photonics. It also addresses silicon based optical resonators mid wavelength infrared applications growth techniques hybrid lasers on silicon and energy harvesting.