Electric vehicles : modern technologies and trends This book focuses on the latest emerging technologies in electric vehicles (EV) and their economic and environmental impact. The topics covered include different types of EV such as hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) battery electrical vehicle (BEV) fuel cell electrical vehicle (FCEV) plug in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV). Theoretical background and practical examples of conventional electrical machines advanced electrical machines battery energy sources on board charging and off board charging techniques and optimization methods are presented here. This book can be useful for students researchers and practitioners interested in different problems and challenges associated with electric vehicles. .