Unwilling executioner : crime fiction and the state What gives crime fiction its distinctive shape and form What makes it such a compelling vehicle of social and political critique Unwilling Executioner argues that the answer lies in the emerging genres complex and intimate relationship with the bureaucratic state and modern capitalism and the contradictions that ensue once the state assumes control of the criminal justice system. This study offers a dramatic new interpretation of the genres emergence and evolution over a three hundred year period and as a genuinely transnational phenomenon. From its roots in the tales of criminality circulated widely in Paris and London in the early eighteenth century this book examines the extraordinary richness diversity and complexity of the genres subsequent thematizations of crime and policing moving from France and Britain and from continental Europe and the United States to other parts of the globe. In doing so it offers new ways of reading established crime novelists like Gaboriau Doyle Hammett and Simenon beyond their national contexts and an impulse to characterize their work as either straightforwardly radical or conservative. It also argues for the centrality of writers like Defoe Gay Godwin Vidocq Morrison and more recently Manchette Himes and Sjowall and Wahloo to a project where crime and policing are rooted and shown to be rooted in the social and economic conditions of their time. These are all deeply political writers even if their novels exhibit no interest in directly promoting political causes or parties. The result is an agile layered and far reaching account of the crime storys ambivalent relationship to the justice system and its move to complicate our understanding of what crime is and how society is policed and for whose benefit.