The second digital turn : design beyond intelligence In the early 1990s the design professions were the first to intuit and interpret the new logic of digital design and fabrication. Digital mass customization (the use of digital tools to mass produce variations at no extra cost) has already changed the way we produce and consume almost everything. In this book Mario Carpo suggests that the same technical logic now applied to all kinds of immaterial objects and to commerce at large is heralding a new society without scale where bigger markets will not make anything cheaper. he early tools for digital design and production spawned a style of smooth and curving lines and surfaces that gave visible form to the first digital age and marked architectural design for the last twenty years. But todays digitally intelligent architecture no longer looks that way. Carpo explains that this is because the design professions are now coming to terms with a new generation of digital tools they have adopted no longer tools for making but tools for thinking. Todays computation is so powerful and cheap that many data compression technologies that humanity has carefully developed nurtured and honed over time may soon be abandoned.0