Metallic Materials with High Structural Efficiency In the fall of 1998 Prof. Sergey Firstov invited me to the Frantcevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS) in Kyiv Ukraine to discuss possible collaborations in the area of advanced metals research. During this visit a strong mutual interest was evident in a broad range of structural metals technologies and a quick friendship was established. Countless subsequent emails and a reciprocal visit to the U. S Air Force Research Laboratory by Prof. Firstov and a team of scientists from IPMS ensued to discuss and detail a broad collaboration in the area of structural metals. Two years after the initial visit a major investment by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) was established to pursue the technologies defined by these interactions. The annual reviews of the AFOSR Ukrainian Metals Initiative were held in late May a most beautiful time in Kyiv when the lilacs are in bright display and the air is scented with the smell of falling blossoms from the chestnut trees that line the major streets and many parks. The sunny days and mild evenings provide a welcome break from winter and on weekend evenings festive crowds spill onto the Khreshchatyk Kyiv’s downtown boulevard to listen to street musicians watch jugglers and comedians or simply to celebrate with friends. The annual reviews featured long days of intensive discussion of technical progress followed in the evenings by the warm hospitality of the Ukrainian hosts. General Overviews Opportunities and Approaches for Doubling the Structural Efficiency of Metallic Materials The Challenge for Materials Design The Main Tendencies in Elaboration of Materials with High Specific Strength Amorphous Nanocrystalline and Quasicrystalline Materials Nanostructured Materials Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation Development of Nanostructured and Nanoparticle Dispersion Reinforced Metallic Systems Progress and Challenges Nanostructured and Nanocomposite Light Metal Based Compounds for Hydrogen Storage Strength and Ductility of Nanostructured SPD Metals Consolidation of Cu and Amorphous ZR Based Powders by Severe Plastic Deformation Structure and Properties of Carbon Based Nanocomposite Films Nanocrystallization in Iron Alloys Induced by Friction Treatment and Nitrogen Diffusion Influence of Scandium on Amorphization of Aluminum Alloys Structure Peculiarities of Al63Cu25Fe12 Ingots with a Quasicrystalline Component Consolidation of Al Cu Fe Powders with Quasicrystalline Components by Using High Quasihydrostatic Pressures Advanced Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys High Strength Aluminum Alloys High Strength Aluminum Alloys for Cryogenic Applications Effect of Fe and Si on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Complex Al Zn Mg Cu Alloys Produced by P M and Casting Techniques Study of a Zirconium Modified 2014 Aluminum Alloy: Analysis of the Best Warm Forming Conditions Study of Fatigue Resistance Properties of a Zirconium Modified 2014 Aluminum Alloy High Strain Rate Superplastic Behavior of Al Li Mg Cu Sc Alloy Subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al Al4C3 Materials Creep Behavior and Strength of Magnesium Based Composites Advanced Titanium Alloys and Composites Multicomponent Ti Si Based Systems Effect of Zr on Structure and Mechanical Behaviour of Ti Al Si Alloys High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance of Thermo Mechanically and Heat Treated Cast Ti Si Al Zr Composites Structure and Fracture Features of Ti Si and Ti B Based in Situ Composites Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Structure and Properties of Ti B X Alloys Titanium Boride Composites New High Strength Weldable Titanium Alloy T110 Features of Application of High Strength Materials for Units of the Landing Gear of Aircrafts “AN” Advanced Refractory Alloys Structures and Properties of the Refractory Silicides Ti5Si3 and TiSi2 and Ti Si (Al) Eutectic Alloys Refractory Metal Silicide Multiphase Systems for High Temperature Structural Applications Microstructural Effects and Kinetics of High Temperature Oxidation in NB Si Base Alloys Development of Ductile Cr Re Alloys for High Temperature Application in Aggressive Atmosphere Structure Mechanical Behavior and Nanohardness of Chromium and Molybdenum Produced by Magnetron Sputtering Boron Distribution and Microstructure in Molybdenum Boron Alloys Advanced Methods and Processes Dynamic Recrystallization of Low Stacking Fault Energy Metals Atomic Scale Modeling of Cross Slip and Its Contribution to the Understanding of Texture and Fatigue in FCC Materials Structural Metallic Materials by Infiltration Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Titanium Alloys Formation of Submicrocrystalline Structure in Large Size Billets and Sheets out of Titanium Alloys Magnetically Controlled Electroslag Melting (MEM) of Multicomponent Titanium Alloys Lightweight Cellular Metals with High Structural Efficiency Neutron and Synchrotron Non Destructive Methods for Residual Stress Determination in Materials for Industrial Applications.