Handbook of methods in cultural anthropology Introduction H. Russell Bernard Epistemology : the nature and validation of anthropological knowledge Thomas Schweizer In search of meaningful methods James Fernandez and Michael Herzfeld Research design and research strategies Jeffrey C. Johnson Ethics Carolyn Fluehr Lobban Feminist methods Christine Ward Gailey Transnational research Ulf Hannerz Participant observation Kathleen M. Dewalt and Billie R. Dewalt with Coral B. Wayland Direct systematic observation of behavior Allen Johnson and Ross Sackett Person centered interviewing and observation Robert I. Levy and Douglas W. Hollan Structured interviewing and questionnaire construction Susan C. Weller Discourse centered methods Brenda Farnell and Laura R. Graham From pictorializing to visual anthropology Fadwa El Guindi Fieldwork in the archives : methods and sources in historical anthropology Caroline B. Brettell Reasoning with numbers W. Penn Handwerker and Stephen P. Borgatti Text analysis : qualitative and quantitative methods H. Russell Bernard and Gery W. Ryan Cross cultural research Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember Methods in applied anthropology Robert T. Trotter II and Jean J. Schensul Presenting anthropology to diverse audiences Conrad Phillip Kottak