Large scale peculiar motions : matter in motion All matter including galaxy clusters galaxies and their constituents follow orbits and flows driven by the net attraction of near and distant masses. The book presents the development of studies of peculiar motions along with discoveries in large scale structure the cosmic microwave background baryonic oscillations gravity waves and their relation to current work on gravitation and dark matter. The results of peculiar motion measurements in the late 20th century are described as they were used to search for the dipole of the galaxy motions a determination of cosmic density and to compare with the cosmic microwave dipole which led to the discovery of galactic flows and the Great Attractor. Newer detailed measurements from surveys in the 21st century have helped resolve the nature of these structures. Some prospects for future investigations are discussed Historical summary The beginnings of modern astrophysics Cosmological n body simulations Galaxy evolution and semi analytic models Early developments on large scale structure Unanswered questions about gravity Magnitude scale photometry and reddening Distance determinations and systematic corrections The Malmquist and other biases The extragalactic distance ladder Scaling relations as distance indicators Nearby peculiar velocities Measurements and analysis methods of distance peculiar velocities The Great Attractor and peculiar velocity studies Revolution by the CMB studies Baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAOs) Gravitational lensing Motions of binary galaxy clusters Gravitational radiation 21st century peculiar motions studies Concluding remarks.