Rare earths industry : technological economic and environmental implications Rare Earths elements are composed of 15 chemical elements in the periodic table. Scandium and yttrium have similar properties with mineral assemblages and are therefore referred alike in the literature. Although abundant in the planet surface the Rare Earths are not found in concentrated forms thus making them economically valued as they are so challenging to obtain. Rare Earths Industry: Technological Economic and Environmental Implications provides an interdisciplinary orientation to the topic of Rare Earths with a focus on technical scientific academic economic and environmental issues. Part I of book deals with the Rare Earths Reserves and Mining Part II focuses on Rare Earths Processes and High Tech Product Development and Part III deals with Rare Earths Recycling Opportunities and Challenges. The chapters provide updated information and priceless analysis of the theme and they seek to present the latest techniques approaches processes and technologies that can reduce the costs of compliance with environmental concerns in a way it is possible to anticipate and mitigate emerging problems