Investigating child exploitation and pornography : the internet the law and forensic science Cover COVER CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SECTION I THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY 1. OVERVIEW 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.2 HISTORY OF CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION 1.3 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 1.4 TECHNOLOGY AND CHILD EXPLOITATION 1.5 TECHNOLOGY AND PREFERENTIAL SEX OFFENDERS 1.6 DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY LAW 1.7 INTERNATIONAL: THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 1.8 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 2. INTERNET APPLICATIONS 2.1 IP ADDRESSES AND DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM 2.2 E MAIL 2.3 E GROUPS AND MAILING LISTS 2.4 NEWSGROUPS DISCUSSION BOARDS AND BULLETIN BOARDS 2.5 WEB SITES 2.6 CHAT ROOMS AND INSTANT MESSAGING 2.7 WEB CAMERAS AND VIDEOPHONES 2.8 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) 2.9 PEER TO PEER (P2P) 2.10 CONCLUSION RESOURCES 3. CYBER VICTIMS 3.1 VICTIMOLOGY 3.2 HOW TO PROTECT CHILDREN ONLINE 3.3 CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTERNET RESOURCES 4. CYBER OFFENDERS 4.1 THE ONLINE SEXUAL PREDATOR 4.2 THE CHILD MOLESTER 4.3 MODUS OPERANDI: HOW ONLINE CHILD MOLESTERS OPERATE 4.4 SIGNATURE AND THE ONLINE CHILD MOLESTER 4.5 PROFILING THE CHILD MOLESTER 4.6 THE SUBCULTURE OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 4.7 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 5. SOURCES OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE 5.1 OPEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS 5.2 EMBEDDED COMPUTER SYSTEMS 5.3 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 5.4 PERIPHERAL DEVICES REFERENCES SECTION II INVESTIGATING INTERNET CHILD EXPLOITATION 6. UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS 6.1 SELF PROTECTION 6.2 USING PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 6.3 SETTING UP INTERNET AND TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS 6.4 USING ONLINE UNDERCOVER IDENTITIES 6.5 CONDUCTING AN ONLINE INVESTIGATION 6.6 DOCUMENTING PREDISPOSITION OF THE SUSPECT TO COMMIT A CRIME 6.7 PREPARING FOR A MEETING OR SEARCH 6.8 AGENCIES AND RESOURCES 6.9 CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTERNET RESOURCES 7. COLLECTING AND PRESERVING EVIDENCE ON THE INTERNET 7.1 PRESERVING EVIDENCE ON THE INTERNET 7.2 FINDING EVIDENCE ON THE INTERNET 7.3 COLLECTING REMOTE EVIDENCE REFERENCES 8. TRACKING ON THE INTERNET 8.1 ATTRIBUTION AND CONTINUITY OF OFFENSE 8.2 TRACKING INTERNET ACTIVITIES 8.3 OVERCOMING CHALLENGES TO ATTRIBUTION REFERENCES 9. SEARCH AND SEIZURE IN CYBERSPACE I: DRAFTING WARRANTS AND WARRANTLESS SEARCHES 9.1 SEARCH WARRANT DRAFTING 9.2 SEARCH WARRANTS IN GENERAL 9.3 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY SENT VIA THE INTERNET SEARCH WARRANT FOR INTERNET ACCOUNT 9.4 ENTICEMENT OF A MINOR 9.5 GROOMING EVIDENCE 9.6 THE AFFIDAVIT PROBABLE CAUSE 9.7 ARREST WARRANTS 9.8 WARRANTLESS SEARCHES 9.9 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 10. SEARCH AND SEIZURE IN CYBERSPACE II: EXECUTING THE SEARCH 10.1 SEARCH WARRANTS 10.2 EVIDENCE HANDLING 10.3 OBTAINING A SECOND WARRANT 10.4 EXECUTING INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER SEAR