Security in Roman times : Rome Italy and the emperors Using literary epigraphic numismatic and iconographic sources this book investigates the safety devices that were in place for the protection of the emperor and the city of Rome in the imperial age. In the aftermath of the civil wars Augustus continued to provide for his physical safety in the same way as in the old Republic while at the same time overturning the taboo of armed men in the city. During the Augustan age the division of the city into 14 regions and 265 vici was designed to establish control over the urban space. Augustus successors consolidated his policy but the specific roles of the various military or paramilitary forces remain a matter for debate. Drawing on the testimony of ancient authors such as Tacitus and Suetonius and on material evidence the volume examines both the circumstances in which these forces intervened and the strategies that they adopted. It also examines the pre Augustan Augustan and post Augustan sense of securitas both as a philosophical and a political concept. The final section expands the focus from the city of Rome to the Italian peninsula where the security of the emperor as he travelled to his country residences required advance planning and implementation. Back cover