Public investments in energy technology Escalating energy demand may be the most important issue facing the United States and the world today. There is little disagreement that research and development (R&D) is needed to develop new energy technologies for the future; however there is less agreement over the specific research agenda to be pursued and how that agenda is funded. This book addresses the social importance of new energy technologies illustrates policy relevant applications of evaluation techniques and proposes new perspectives for a US energy investment strategy. Through detailed examples related to solar geothermal and vehicle technologies the authors outline the need for robust evaluation methods to document social returns to taxpayers’ R&D investments. They argue that such evaluations are necessary for the public sector to make rational decisions about the allocation of its scares resources. The evaluation methods considered involve developing alternative technology and market pathways from which the benefits of government research can be measured.