Environmental impacts of mining : monitoring restoration and control Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface Author Biography Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Mining and the Environment 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Uniqueness of Mining 1.3 Environmental Effects of Surface Coal Mining 1.4 Water Pollution 1.5 Land Use 1.6 Subsidence of Mined Land 1.7 Mining and Its Impacts an Overview 1.7.1 Exploration 1.7.2 Development 1.7.3 Active Mining 1.7.4 Beneficiation 1.7.5 Tailings Disposal 1.8 Environmental and Social Impacts 1.8.1 Impacts on Water Resources 1.8.2 Acid Mine Drainage and Contaminant Leaching 1.8.3 Erosion of Soils and Mine Wastes into Surface Waters 1.9 Impacts of Wet Tailing Impoundments Waste Rock Heap Leach and Dump Leach Facilities 1.9.1 Impacts of Mine Dewatering 1.9.2 Impacts of Mining on Air Quality 1.9.3 Incidental Release of Mercury 1.9.4 Impacts of Mining on Soil Quality 1.9.5 Impacts of Mining Projects on Wildlife 1.9.6 Mining and Human Displacement 1.9.7 Impacts on Public Health 1.9.8 Impacts on Cultural and Aesthetic Resources 1.9.9 Climate Change Considerations 1.10 Environmental Audits 1.11 Types of Environmental Audits Bibliography Chapter 2 Surface Coal Mining with Reclamation 2.1 INTRODUCTION: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SURFACE COAL MINING 2.2 Dragline Operation 2.2.1 Keycutting and Layered Cutting 2.2.2 Panel (Pit) Width 2.2.3 Extended Bench 2.3 Dragline Stripping Procedures 2.3.1 Single Seam Stripping with Nonselective Spoil Placement 2.3.2 Single Machine Subsystems 2.3.3 Shallow Overburden One Lift One Pass 2.4 Box Pits 2.4.1 End Cut 2.4.2 Side Cut 2.4.3 Rehandle (End Cut) 2.4.4 Rehandle (Borrow Pit) 2.5 Moderate Overburden Depth Single Lift Single Pass.