Progress in Nonlinear Nano Optics This book presents the state of the art in nonlinear nanostructures for ultrafast laser applications. Most recent results in two emerging fields are presented: (i) generation of laser induced nanostructures in materials like metals metal oxides and semiconductors and (ii) ultrafast excitation and energy transfer in nanoscale physical chemical and hybrid systems. Particular emphasis is laid on the up to date controversially discussed mechanisms of sub wavelength ripple formation including models of self organized material transport and multiphoton excitation channels nonlinear optics of plasmonic structures (nanotips nanowires 3D metamaterials) and energy localization and transport on ultrafast time scale and spatial nanoscale. High resolution spectroscopy simulation and characterization techniques are reported. New applications of ultrashort pulsed lasers for materials processing and the use of nanostructured materials for characterizing laser fields and laser matter interactions are discussed