Coastal and Marine Geo Information Systems : Applying the Technology to the Environment The Setting The Coastal Zone Environment: A Place to Work Rest Play and to Manage The North East Coastline of Scotland The Coastal Zone Coastal Marine GI GIS A Pan European Perspective Plans for the Coastal Zone Hydrographic Data and Geographical Information Systems Example Applications GIS for Sustainable Coastal Zone Management in the Pacific A Strategy Managing Marine Resources: The Role of GIS in EEZ Management The Management Plan of the Wadden Sea and its Visualisation Using GIS for Siting Artificial Reefs Data Issues Problems and Solutions: ‘Real World’ to ‘Real World’ Collating the Past for Assessing the Future: Analysis of the Subtidal and Intertidal Data Records Within GIS Identifying Sites for Flood Protection A Case Study from the River Clyde Arctic Coastal and Marine Environmental Monitoring A GIS Application for the Study of Beach Morphodynamics Determination and Prediction of Sediment Yields from Recession of the Holderness Coast Tracing the Recent Evolution of the Littoral Spit at El Rompido Huelva (Spain) Using Remote Sensing and GIS Littoral and Shoreline Processes in Large Man Made Lakes Coastal Zone Management: The Case of Castellón Habitat Evaluating the Coastal Environment for Marine Birds Initial Attempts to Assess the Importance of the Distribution of Saltmarsh Communities on the Sediment Budget of the North Norfolk Coast Quantifying Landscape Ecological Succession in a Coastal Dune System Using Sequential Aerial Photography and GIS Geomatics for the Management of Oyster Culture Leases and Production GIS and Aquaculture: Soft Shell Clam Site Assessment Evaluation of Ecological Effects of the North Sea Industrial Fishing Industry on the Availability of Human Consumption Species Using Geographical Distribution Resource Data Technology Digital Elevation Models by Laserscanning Error Modeling and Management for Data in Geospatial Information Systems The Use of Dynamic Segmentation in the Coastal Information System: Adjacency Relationships from Southeastern Newfoundland Canada Consideration on Satellite Data Correction by Bidirectional Reflectance Measurement of Coastal Sand with a Remote Sensing Simulator Constructing a Geomorphological Database of Coastal Change Using GIS Geographic Information Systems and Decision Support Systems Development of a DSS for the Integrated Development of Thassos Island Development of a Spatial Decision Support System for the Biological Influences on Inter Tidal Areas (Biota) Project within the Land Ocean Interaction Study User Assessment of Coastal Spatial Decision Support Systems Internet Based Information Systems: The Forth Estuary Forum (FEF) System Mike Info Coast A GIS Based Tool for Coastal Zone Management Remote Sensing Matching Issue to Utility: An Hierarchical Store of Remotely Sensed Imagery for Coastal Zone Management Predicting the Distribution of Marine Benthic Biotopes in Scottish Conservation Areas Using Acoustic Remote Sensing Underwater Video and GIS Submerged Kelp Biomass Assessment using CASI Monitoring Coastal Morphological Changes Using Topographical Methods Softcopy Photogrammetry and GIS Huelva (Andalucia Spain) Characterization of Coastal Waters for the Monitoring of Pollution by Means of Remote Sensing; the Use of Satellite Imagery to Establish the Appropriate Pattern for Timing and Location of Sampling in Coastal Waters Developments and the Future European CZM and the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Initiative (GSDI) Access to Marine Data on the Internet for Coastal Zone Management: The New Millennium. The emphasis now placed on the concept of sediment cells as boundaries for coastal defence groups and the development of SMPs should help CPAs realise the importance of natural processes at the coast when designing defence and protection schemes. However this will only be the case where defence groups exist and where CPAs take up the challenge of developing SMPs. Coastal landscapes have been produced by the natural forces of wind waves and tides and many are nationally or internationally important for their habitats and natural features. Past practices at the coast such as the construction of harbours jetties and traditional defence systems may have contributed to the deterioration of the coast. English Nature (1992) have argued that if practices and methods of coastal defence are allowed to continue then coastlines would be faced with worsening consequences including: The loss of mudflats and the birds which live on them Damage to geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and scenic heritage by erosion due to the stabilisation of the coast elsewhere Cutting of sediment supplies to beaches resulting in the loss of coastal wildlife Cessation through isolation from coastal processes of the natural operation of spits with serious deterioration of rare plants animals and geomorphological and scenic qualities (English Nature 1992) A number of designations provided by national and international legislation do exist to aid conservation.