Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe : a shared story This is the first book to examine the relationship between European antisemitism and Islamophobia from the Crusades until the twenty first century in the principal flashpoints of the two racisms. With case studies ranging from the Balkans to the UK the contributors take the debate away from politicised polemics about whether or not Muslims are the new Jews. Much previous scholarship and public discussion has focused on comparing European ideas about Jews and Judaism in the past with contemporary attitudes towards Muslims and Islam. This volume rejects this approach. Instead it interrogates how the dynamic relationship between antisemitism and Islamophobia has evolved over time and space. The result is the uncovering of a previously unknown story in which European ideas about Jews and Muslims were indeed connected but were also ripped apart. Religion empire nation building and war all played their part in the complex evolution of this relationship. As well as a study of prejudice this book also opens up a new area of inquiry: how Muslims Jews and others have responded to these historically connected racisms. The volume brings together leading scholars in the emerging field of antisemitism Islamophobia studies who work in a diverse range of disciplines: anthropology history sociology critical theory and literature. Together they help us to understand a Europe in which Jews and Arabs were once called Semites and today are widely thought to be on two different sides of the War on Terror Introduction : the shared story of Europes ideas of the Muslim and the Jew a diachronic framework James Renton and Ben Gidley Part I. Christendom. Ethnic and religious categories in the treatment of Jews and Muslims in the Crusader States Andrew Jotischky Antisemitism Islamophobia and the conspiracy theory of medical murder in early modern Spain and Portugal Franc̦ois Soyer Part II. Empire. Fear and loathing in the Russian Empire Robert D. Crews The end of the Semites James Renton Part III. Divergence. The case of circumcision : diaspora Judaism as a model for Islam Sander L. Gilman Islamophobia and antisemitism in the Balkans Marko Attila Hoare Antisemitism and its critics Gil Anidjar Part IV. Response. Antisemitism Islamophobia and the search for common ground in French antiracist movements since 1898 Daniel A. Gordon The price of an entrance ticket to western society : Ayaan Hirsi Ali Heinrich Heine and the double standard of emancipation David J. Wertheim The impact of antisemitism and Islamophobia on Jewish Muslim relations in the UK : memory experience context Yulia Egorova and Fiaz Ahmed