Chapter 17. New Perspectives on Gender Psychological and socio psychological factors are now more commonly discussed as possible explanations for gender differences in labor market outcomes. We first describe the (mainly) laboratory based evidence regarding gender differences in risk preferences in attitudes towards competition in the strength of other regarding preferences and in attitudes towards negotiation. We then review the research that has tried to quantify the relevance of these factors in explaining gender differences in labor market outcomes outside of the laboratory setting. We also describe recent research on the relationship between social and gender identity norms and womens labor market choices and outcomes as well as on the role of child rearing practices in explaining gender identity norms. Finally we report on some recent work documenting puzzling trends in womens well being and discuss possible explanations for these trends including identity considerations. We conclude with suggestions for future research.