Violence and resilience in Latin American cities Urban fragility and resilience in Latin America : conceptual approaches and contemporary patterns Kees Koonings and Dirk Kruijt Exclusion violence and resilience in five Latin American megacities : a comparison of Buenos Aires Lima Mexico City Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo Dirk Kruijt and Kees Koonings Caracas : from heavens branch to urban hell Roberto Briceño León Bogotá : countering violence with urban government Alan Gilbert San Salvador : violence and resilience in gangland : coping with the code of the street Wim Savenije and Chris van der Borgh San José : urban expansion violence and resilience Abelardo Morales Gamboa Kingston : violence and resilience Rivke Jaffe Santo Domingo : criminogenic violence and resilience Lilian Bobea