The urbanism of exception : the dynamics of global city building in the twenty first century Global urbanism at the start of the twenty first century The shape of cities to come : distended urban form as the template for global urbanism Spatial restructuring on a global scale : enclave urbanism and the fragmentation of urban space Cities as an assemblage of enclaves : realizing the expectations of late modernity Autonomous zones and the eclipse of territorial sovereignty Typologies of zones Hybrid zones and the breakdown of conventional modalities of urban governance An urbanism of exception