Laser additive manufacturing : materials design technologies and applications 1.4.2 Material selection1.5 Results and discussion; 1.5.1 Integrated design and manufacturing; 1.5.2 Remote manufacturing; 1.5.3 Process control and quality assured manufacturing system (QAMS); 1.5.3.1 Geometry control; 1.5.3.2 Temperature and cooling rate control; 1.5.3.3 Composition sensor; 1.5.3.4 Microstructure sensor; 1.6 Summary and conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Powder bed fusion processes: an overview; 2.1 Process characteristics; 2.2 Processing parameters; 2.2.1 Definition of the combined processing parameters; 2.2.2 Morphology and size of particles Front Cover; Laser Additive Manufacturing; Related titles; Laser Additive Manufacturing: Materials Design Technologies and Applications; Copyright; Contents; List of contributors; Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials; The role of lasers in additive manufacturing; Introduction; Laser as tool in AM; Laser matter interaction in AM; Trends in powder or wire fed technology; Trends in powder bed technology; Summary; References; One Processes technology and materials; 1 Laser aided direct metal deposition of metals and alloys; 1.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Preheating of the whole part in a furnace or by induction3.3.3 Hybrid laser manufacturing using local pre and postheating by induction; 3.3.4 Effect of substrate preheating and comparison of different thermal effects; 3.3.5 Crack formation and delamination in LMD processes; 3.3.6 Influence of pre and postheating on residual stresses at single and overlapping beads; 3.3.7 Geometry and position of the integrated inductor; 3.4 Hybrid approaches using mechanical impacts; 3.4.1 Reduction of distortion and stress by mechanical forces; 3.4.2 Combined finishing and laser based AM 2.3 Characteristics of the melt pool2.4 Microstructural features; 2.4.1 Texture; 2.4.2 Non equilibrium microstructure; 2.4.3 Residual stresses cracking and distortion of SLM processed parts; 2.4.4 Defects and density of SLM SLS processed parts; 2.5 Mechanical properties of SLM processed metallic parts; 2.6 Concluding remarks; References; 3 Hybrid laser manufacturing; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Overview of possible hybrid laser manufacturing procedures; 3.3 Improving process performance by adding thermal heat sources; 3.3.1 Reducing stress by adding beam sources 1.1.1 What is direct metal deposition1.2 Review of the laser cladding process; 1.2.1 What is laser cladding technology; 1.2.2 Novel materials and applications enabled by laser cladding; 1.2.3 Modeling of laser cladding; 1.2.3.1 Laser powder interaction; 1.2.3.2 Heat transfer and fluid flow models; 1.2.3.3 Mass transfer models; 1.2.3.4 Self consistent 3D transient model; 1.2.4 What is solid free form fabrication; 1.3 Material microstructure design and realization; 1.3.1 Homogenization design method; 1.4 Experimental procedure; 1.4.1 Negative coefficient of thermal expansion experiments