Data envelopment analysis : from normative to descriptive performance evaluation The question of modern performance evaluation has been extensively discussed in the literature leading to a call for models including non optimizing behaviors of decision makers and non financial performance criteria. A promising management instrument is data envelopment analysis (DEA) which enables the aggregation of financial and non financial indicators into a single measure. This work contributes to a better understanding of DEA from two perspectives: (i) it offers a normative solution to the zero value weight problem and (ii) it provides the first experimental results on behavioral DEA based on an original taxonomy of cognitive biases related to performance evaluation. Behavioral DEA is a completely new research area which yields plenty of research opportunities.