High Performance Computing on Vector Systems 2009 The book presents the state of the art in high performance computing and simulation on modern supercomputer architectures. It covers trends in hardware and software development in general and specifically the future of vector based systems and heterogeneous architectures. The application contributions cover computational fluid dynamics fluid structure interaction physics chemistry astrophysics and climate research. Innovative fields like coupled multi physics or multi scale simulations are presented. All papers were chosen from presentations given at the 9th Teraflop Workshop held in November 2008 at Tohoku University Japan and the 10th Teraflop Workshop held in April 2009 at Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Stuttgart (HLRS) Germany. Petaflop s Computing Lessons Learned from 1 Year Experience with SX 9 and Toward the Next Generation Vector Computing BSC CNS Research and Supercomputing Resources Challenges and Opportunities of Hybrid Computing Systems Going Forward with GPU Computing Optical Interconnection Technology for the Next Generation Supercomputers HPC Architecture from Application Perspectives Strategies A Language for Fortran Source to Source Transformation The SX Linux Project: A Progress Report Development of APIs for Desktop Supercomputing The Grid Middleware on SX and Its Operation for Nation Wide Service Applications From Static Domains to Graph Decomposition for Heterogeneous Cluster Programming Computational fluid dynamics Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Shear Flows Large Scale Flow Computation of Complex Geometries by Building Cube Method A New Parallel SPH Method for 3D Free Surface Flows Climate modeling The Agulhas System as a Prime Example for the Use of Nesting Capabilities in Ocean Modelling Seamless Simulations in Climate Variability and HPC Computational Physics Construction of Vibration Table in an Extended World for Safety Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants Understanding Electron Transport in Atomic Nanowires from Large Scale Numerical Calculations Multi scale Simulations for Laser Plasma Physics.