Nanoscale Insights into Ion Beam Cancer Therapy This book provides a unique and comprehensive overview of state of the art understanding of the molecular and nano scale processes that play significant roles in ion beam cancer therapy. It covers experimental design and methodology and reviews the theoretical understanding of the processes involved. It offers the reader an opportunity to learn from a coherent approach about the physics chemistry and biology relevant to ion beam cancer therapy a growing field of important medical application worldwide. The book describes phenomena occurring on different time and energy scales relevant to the radiation damage of biological targets and ion beam cancer therapy from the molecular (nano) scale up to the macroscopic level. It illustrates how ion beam therapy offers the possibility of excellent dose localization for treatment of malignant tumours minimizing radiation damage in normal tissue whilst maximizing cell killing within the tumour offering a significant development in cancer therapy. The full potential of such therapy can only be realized by better understanding the physical chemical and biological mechanisms on a range of time and space scales that lead to cell death under ion irradiation. This book describes how using a multiscale approach experimental and theoretical expertise available can lead to greater insight at the nanoscopic and molecular level into radiation damage of biological targets induced by ion impact. The book is intended for advanced students and specialists in the areas of physics chemistry biology and medicine related to ion beam therapy radiation protection biophysics radiation nanophysics and chemistry atomic and molecular physics condensed matter physics and the physics of interaction of charged particles with matter. One of the most important features of the book is the inclusive multiscale approach to the understanding of complex and highly interdisciplinary processes behind ion beam cancer therapy which stretches from the atomistic level up to the biological scale and is demonstrated to be in excellent agreement with experimental observations. Multiscale Physics of Ion Beam Cancer Therapy Theory of atomic and molecular collisions quantum and classical molecular dynamics (theory) Fundamental collisions (experiment both electrons and ions stress on biomolecules) Dissociative electron attachment process Ions propagation through biological medium Irradiation of biological targets with ions Monte Carlo track structure simulations Radiation nanochemistry Radiobiological effects Advanced therapies based on nanoprocesses and technologies: radiobiological effects with nanoparticles Treatment planning systems Medical applications (overview of the heavy ion therapy medical centers and practices).