Space weather Space weather changes in the Earths environment that can often be traced to physical processes in the Sun—can have a profound impact on critical Earth based infrastructures such as power grids and civil aviation. Violent eruptions on the solar surface can eject huge clouds of magnetized plasma and particle radiation which then propagate across interplanetary space and envelop the Earth. These space weather events can drive major changes in a variety of terrestrial environments which can disrupt or even damage many of the technological systems that underpin modern societies. The aim of this book is to offer an insight into our current scientific understanding of space weather and how we can use that knowledge to mitigate the risks it poses for Earth based technologies. It also identifies some key challenges for future space weather research and considers how emerging technological developments may introduce new risks that will drive continuing investigation