Higgs Potential and Naturalness After the Higgs Discovery Introduction Bare Parameters at Cutoff Scale Higgs Inflation and Standard Model Criticality Naturalness Problem and Quantum Gravity Dark Matter and Higgs Potential Summary Appendix A Convention Appendix B Renormalization Group Equations Appendix C Brief Review of Inflation Appendix D Strong CP Problem Appendix E Quantization of Majorana Field Appendix F The Effect of the Principle Value. This thesis focuses on the theoretical foundation of the Standard Model valid up to the Planck scale based on the current experimental facts from the Large Hadron Collider. The thesis consists of two themes: (1) to open up a new window of the Higgs inflation scenario and (2) to explore a new solution to the naturalness problem in particle physics. In the first area on the Higgs inflation scenario the author successfully improves a large value problem on a coupling constant relevant to the Higgs mass in the Standard Model in which the coupling value of the order of 105 predicted in a conventional scenario is reduced to the order of 10. This result makes the Higgs inflation more attractive because the small value of coupling is natural in the context of ultraviolet completion such as string theory. In the second area the author provides a new answer to the naturalness problem of why the cosmological constant and the Higgs mass are extremely small compared with the Planck scale. Based on the baby universe theory originally proposed by Coleman the smallness of those quantities is successfully explained without introducing any additional new particles relevant at the TeV energy scale.