Monsters in the machine : science fiction film and the militarization of America after World War II During the 1950s and early 1960s the American film industry produced a distinct cycle of films situated on the boundary between horror and science fiction. Using the familiar imagery of science fiction―from alien invasions to biological mutation and space travel―the vast majority of these films subscribed to the effects and aesthetics of horror film anticipating the dystopian turn of many science fiction films to come. Departing from projections of American technological awe and optimism these films often evinced paranoia unease fear shock and disgust. Not only did these movies address technophobia and its psychological social and cultural corollaries; they also returned persistently to the military as a source of character setting and conflict. Commensurate with a state of perpetual mobilization the US military comes across as an inescapable presence in American life. Regardless of their genre Steffen Hantke argues that these films have long been understood as allegories of the Cold War. They register anxieties about two major issues of the time: atomic technologies especially the testing and use of nuclear weapons as well as communist aggression and or subversion. Setting out to question expand and correct this critical argument Hantke follows shifts and adjustments prompted by recent scholarly work into the technological political and social history of America in the 1950s. Based on this revised historical understanding science fiction films appear in a new light as they reflect on the troubled memories of World War II the emergence of the military industrial complex the postwar rewriting of the American landscape and the relative insignificance of catastrophic nuclear war compared to America’s involvement in postcolonial conflicts around the globe. During the 1950s and early 1960s the American film industry produced a distinct cycle of films situated on the boundary between horror and science fiction. Using the familiar imagery of science fiction from alien invasions to biological mutation and space travel the vast majority of these films subscribed to the affects and aesthetic of the horror film anticipating the dominant dystopian turn of many science fiction films to come. Departing from American technological awe and optimism throughout the 1950s these films were interested in paranoia unease fear shock and disgust. Not only do they address technophobia and its psychological social and cultural corollaries; they also return persistently to the military as a source of character setting and conflict. Commensurate with a state of perpetual mobilization the U.S. military is omnipresent in these films. Regardless of their genre these films have always been understood as allegories of the Cold War registering anxieties about two major issues of the time: atomic technologies especially the testing and use of nuclear weapons and communist aggression and or subversion. Setting out to question expand and correct this critical argument this book follows shifts and adjustments prompted by recent scholarly work into the technological political and social history of America in the 1950s. Based on this revised historical understanding science fiction films appear in a new light as they reflect on the troubled memories of World War II the emergence of the military industrial complex the postwar rewriting of the American landscape and the relative insignificance of catastrophic nuclear war in comparison to Americas involvement in postcolonial conflicts around the globe