Fluorescence of supermolecules polymers and nanosystems : [9th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Fluorescence: Spectroscopy Imaging and Probes (MAF 9) held in Lisbon Portugal in September 2005] This the fourth volume in the Springer series on fluorescence focuses on the fluorescence of nanosystems polymers and supermolecules as well as the development and application of fluorescent probes. Aimed at researchers in organic and physical chemistry and in material sciences emphasis is placed on the fluorescence of artificial and biological nanosystems; single molecule fluorescence and the luminescence of polymers; and micro and nanoparticles and nanotubes. The field of fluorescence continues to steadily grow both in its fundamental aspects and in applications in highly interdisciplinary areas including analytical physical and organic chemistry molecular sciences biology biomedicine and medical research. The 4th volume in the Springer Series on Fluorescence focuses on the fluorescence of nanosystems polymers and supermolecules and the development and application of fluorescent probes. Special emphasis is placed on the fluorescence of artificial and biological nanosystems single molecule fluorescence and the luminescence of polymers micro and nanoparticles and nanotubes. Fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy are covered as well. Historical aspects of this growing field and an overview of fluorescence applications are also provided.