Green Roof Ecosystems This book provides an up to date coverage of green (vegetated) roof research design and management from an ecosystem perspective. It reviews explains and poses questions about monitoring substrate living components and the abiotic biotic and cultural aspects connecting green roofs to the fields of community landscape and urban ecology. The work contains examples of green roof venues that demonstrate the focus level of detail and techniques needed to understand the structure function and impact of these novel ecosystems. Representing a seminal compilation of research and technical knowledge about green roof ecology and how functional attributes can be enhanced it delves to explore the next wave of evolution in green technology and defines potential paths for technological advancement and research. Foreword Contents Contributors Chapter 1 Introduction to Green Roof Ecosystems 1.1 Structure and Purview of this Book and Chapter 1.2 What is a Green Roof 1.3 Green Roof Policy as a Sustainable Practice 1.4 Benefits 1.5 Green Roof Design and Technology 1.6 Design and Use 1.7 Green Roof Ecosystems Concepts and Applications 1.8 Chapter Topics References Chapter 2 Monitoring Abiotic Inputs and Outputs 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Defining Inputs and Outputs 2.3 Planning for Green Roof Monitoring 2.3.1 Monitoring Approaches and Goals 2.3.2 Monitoring Equipment and Maintenance 2.3.3 Data Collection 2.3.4 Data Analysis and Technical Expertise 2.3.5 Monitoring Precautions 2.4 Topics of Green Roof Monitoring 2.5 Monitoring Hydrology 2.5.1 Water Inputs: Precipitation and Irrigation 2.5.2 Water Storage: Substrate Moisture and Interception 2.5.3 Water Outputs: Outflow Quantity 2.5.4 Water Outputs: Evapotranspiration (ET) 2.5.5 Water Output: Outflow Quality 2.6 Monitoring Energy Flows and Temperatures 2.6.1 Surface Energy Balance 2.6.2 Temperature Dynamics 2.6.2.1 Surface Temperatures: Green Roofs and Control Roofs 2.6.2.2 Sub Surface Temperatures: Substrate 2.6.3 Building Thermal Fluxes (Insulating Properties) 2.7 Monitoring Wind Speed and Direction on Green Roofs 2.7.1 Stability of Substrate and the Entire Green Roof System 2.7.2 Built Context Influences Wind Patterns and Dynamics 2.8 Monitoring Substrate Attributes 2.9 Monitoring Gas Exchange and Carbon Sequestration 2.10 Synthesis of Green Roof Monitoring: Approaches Costs Challenges and Lessons Learned 2.10.1 Green Roof Monitoring Approaches 2.10.2 Integrated Green Roof Monitoring 2.10.3 Green Roof Monitoring Costs and Funding Sources.