Chapter 16. Health and Long Term Care This chapter summarizes the recent economic literature on health and long term care as it relates to population aging. The profound demographic changes taking place in developed countries will require changes in how societies provide and pay for long term care. Both the supply side and the demand side of the health care markets are undergoing change. This chapter provides a review of the main economic theories and empirical findings about the supply of and demand for long term care primarily among the elderly. It also reviews the main features and problems with insurance markets and quality of care. There is a short section that explains new promising data sets available for researchers. This chapter concludes with questions for future research.