Biophysics and biochemistry of cartilage by NMR and MRI Cover; Biophysics and Biochemistry of Cartilage by NMR and MRI; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Part One Introduction; Chapter 1 Introduction to Cartilage; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Cartilage and the Joint; 1.2.1 Different Types of Cartilage; 1.2.2 Synovial Joints and Articular Cartilage; 1.3 Cellular Aspects of Articular Cartilage; 1.3.1 Cartilage Progenitor Cells; 1.3.2 Mature Chondrocytes in Cartilage; 1.3.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells; 1.4 Extracellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage; 1.4.1 Collagen; 1.4.2 Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans; 1.4.3 Water; 1.4.4 Other Components 3.3.5 Nuclear Magnetisation3.3.6 Evolution of the Spin Density Matrix; 3.3.7 NMR Observables and Coherence Order; 3.3.8 Spin Relaxation; 3.3.9 Anisotropic Spin Hamiltonians and NMR Spectra; 3.4 MRI; 3.4.1 Fourier MRI; 3.4.2 Implementation of Fourier Imaging; 3.4.3 Image Contrast; 3.4.4 Spatial Resolution and the SNR; 3.4.5 Parameter Mapping Versus Weighted Imaging; 3.5 Conclusion; Abbreviations and Symbols; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 4 The Magic Angle Effect in NMR and MRI of Cartilage; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Basic Physics and Physical Chemistry 1.5 Histological Structure of Articular Cartilage1.5.1 The Zonal Structure of Articular Cartilage; 1.5.2 Depth Dependent Physicochemical Properties; 1.6 Biomechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage; 1.6.1 The Uncompressed Equilibrium State; 1.6.2 Compression of Articular Cartilage; 1.7 Joint and Gross Morphology of Articular Cartilage; 1.7.1 Development of Synovial Joint; 1.7.2 Topographic Distributions in the Knee; 1.7.3 Topographic Distributions in the Shoulder; 1.7.4 The Split Line Pattern; 1.8 The Diseases of Cartilage and Joints; 1.8.1 Classification and Etiology of Osteoarthritis 2.5 ConclusionsAcknowledgements; References; Chapter 3 Introduction to NMR and MRI; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Semiclassical Description of NMR; 3.2.1 NMR Active Nuclei; 3.2.2 Vector Description of NMR; 3.2.3 Excitation; 3.2.4 Precession and the Bloch Equation; 3.2.5 Rotating Frame; 3.2.6 Chemical Shielding and Chemical Shift; 3.2.7 Spin Relaxation; 3.2.8 NMR Signal Detection; 3.2.9 Spin Echo and NMR Pulse Sequences; 3.3 Quantum Description of NMR; 3.3.1 Spin and Angular Momentum; 3.3.2 Conceptual Points; 3.3.3 Matrix Representation of Spin Operators; 3.3.4 Zeeman Hamiltonian This unique book describes the latest information in the fundamental understanding of the biophysics and biochemistry of articular cartilage using the state of the art practices in NMR and MRI 1.8.2 Pathogenesis1.8.3 The Role of Subchondral Bone; 1.8.4 Biomarkers; 1.8.5 Treatment; 1.9 Osteoarthritis Research; 1.9.1 In vivo Models of Osteoarthritis; 1.9.2 In vitro Models of Cartilage Degeneration; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 2 Osmotic Properties of Cartilage; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Cartilage Molecular Architecture Gross Appearance and Morphology; 2.3 Osmotic Swelling Pressure of Cartilage; 2.4 Molecular Interactions of Cartilage Polymers; 2.4.1 Osmotic Observations; 2.4.2 Small Angle Scattering Measurements; 2.4.3 Dynamic Properties of Proteoglycan Assemblies