Language and revolutionary magic in the Orinoco Delta The surrounding public sphere From Spanish to Warao From Warao to Spanish Greetings and promises Frames and revolutionary magic Revolutionary messaging. Exploring the ways in which the development of linguistic practices helped expand national politics in remote rural areas of Venezuela Language and Revolutionary Magic in the Orinoco Delta situates language as a mediating force in the creation of the magical state. Focusing on the Waraos speakers of the Orinoco Delta this book explores center periphery dynamics in Venezuela through an innovative linguistic anthropological lens. Using a semiotic framework informed by concepts of transduction and translation this book combines ethnographic and historical evidence to analyze the ideological mediation and linguistic practices involved in managing a multi ethnic citizenry in Venezuela. Juan Luis Rodriguez shows how indigenous populations participate in the formation and contestation of state power through daily practices and the use of different speech genres emphasising the performative and semiotic work required to produce revolutionary subjects. Establishing the centrality of language and semiosis in the constitution of authority and political power this book moves away from seeing revolution in solely economic or ideological terms. Through the collision between Warao and Spanish it highlights how language ideologies can exclude or integrate indigenous populations in the public sphere and how they were transformed by Hugo Chavez revolutionary government to promote loyalty to the regime