Central Africans Atlantic Creoles and the foundation of the Americas 1585 1660 Privateering colonial expansion and the African presence in early Anglo Dutch settlements The Portuguese Kongo and Ndongo and the origins of Atlantic Creole culture to 1607 Wars civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa 1607 1660 Atlantic Creole culture : patterns of transformation and adaptations 1607 60 Shifting status and the foundation of African American communities : Atlantic Creoles in the early Anglo Dutch colonies Becoming slaves : Atlantic Creoles and the defining of status figures