Controlling pollution in transition economies : theories and methods Controlling Pollution in Transition Economies examines and evaluates the recent experience of implementing pollution charges and the use of environmental permits in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. The book focuses on controlling point source air and water pollution. It describes and analyses the experience of implementing pollution charges and fines and the interactions of these fiscal instruments with systems of pollution permits. The ten country case studies have been written by specialists who have been or are actively involved with the development or revision of pollution charges. Based on the experience of these countries general conclusions are drawn for implementing pollution charge systems in other contexts. This book will encourage new theoretical and empirical work on the problem of implementing economic instruments (pollution charges) in combination with command and control instruments (pollution permits). Practitioners and policy analysts as well as graduate students academics researchers and environmental consultants will find this book an important contribution to the existing literature