The Haitian Revolution : capitalism slavery and counter modernity It is impossible to understand capitalism without analyzing slavery. Through an analysis of the Haitian Revolution Grüner examines the impact of slavery on the evolution of modernity in South America and the way in which this revolution created a counter modernity  a path on which Latin America and the Caribbean have travelled ever since The category of slavery and modern racism The rebellion of the (slave) masses and the Haitian Revolution The disavowed philosophical revolution : from Enlightenment thought to the crisis of abstract universalism.