Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers Polymer scientists have made an extensive research for the development of biodegradable polymers which could find enormous applications in the area of medical science. Today various biopolymers have been prepared and utilized in different biomedical applications. Despite the apparent proliferation of biopolymers in medical science the Science and Technology of biopolymers is still in its early stages of development. Tremendous opportunities exist and will continue to exist for the penetration of biopolymers in every facet of medical science through intensive Research and Development. Therefore this chapter addresses different polymerization methods and techniques employed for the preparation of biopolymers. An emphasis is given to cover the general properties of biopolymers synthetic protocols and their biomedical applications. In order to make the useful biomedical devices from the polymers to meet the demands of medical science various processing techniques employed for the development of devices have been discussed. Further perspectives in this field have been highlighted and at the end arrived at the conclusions. The relevant literature was collected from different sources including Google sites books and reviews Polymers are important and attractive biomaterials for researchers and clinical applications due to the ease of tailoring their chemical physical and biological properties for target devices. Due to this versatility they are rapidly replacing other classes of biomaterials such as ceramics or metals. As a result the demand for biomedical polymers has grown exponentially and supports a diverse and highly monetized research community. Currently worth 1.2bn in 2009 (up from 650m in 2000) biomedical polymers are expected to achieve a CAGR of 9.8% until 2015 supporting a current research commun