The rise and fall of Londons ringways 1943 1973 Urban motorways are among the greatest and least forgiven legacies of post war planning in Britain. Ringways explores the genesis development and collapse of Londons controversial plans for nearly 500 miles of highways to understand why such ambitious and unlamented programmes gained widespread support and triggered urban uproar. Combining a review of the wider intellectual climate with extensive archival research Ringways asks how far the rise of the urban motorway can be attributed to urban contingency as opposed to far seeing planners; how ideas of the environment changed as proposals were debated; and whether their fall was the work of popular revolt or expert regret