Water and sanitation related diseases and the environment : challenges interventions and preventive measures Frontmatter Color Plates Section I: Defining the Problem. Part Introduction Tackling the Water Crisis: A Continuing Need to Address Spatial and Social Equity Jay Graham Sanitation and Hygiene: Taking Stock After Three Decades Jay Graham Water and Health: The Demographic Background Robert Wyman Water and War: Averting Armed Conflict and Protecting Human Rights Barry S Levy Victor W Sidel Section II: Water and Sanitation Related Diseases. Part Introduction Infectious Diarrhea Sean Fitzwater Aruna Chandran Margaret Kosek Mathuram Santosham Malnutrition and Undernutrition Jeffrey K Griffiths Soil Transmitted Helminths: and Hookworm Infections Brian G Blackburn Michele Barry Toxic Cyanobacteria Ian Stewart Wayne W Carmichael Lorraine C Backer Dengue: A Water Borne Disease Scott B Halstead Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease): Case Study of the Effort to Eradicate Guinea Worm Donald R Hopkins Ernesto Ruiz Tiben Onchocerciasis Adrian Hopkins Boakye A Boatin Reassessing Multiple Intervention Malaria Control Programs of the Past: Lessons for the Design of Contemporary Interventions Burton H Singer Marcia C Castro Schistosomiasis Pascal Magnussen Birgitte Jyding Vennervald Jens Aagaard Hansen Trachoma Joseph A Cook Silvio P Mariotti Shigellosis Michael L Bennish M John Albert The Zimbabwe Cholera Epidemic of 2008₆2009 Edward Dodge Infectious Disease Control in Ghana: Governments Interventions and Challenges to Malaria Eradication Julius N Fobil Juergen May Alexander Kraemer Section III: Water Resources. Part Introduction Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in Low Income Countries Thomas F Clasen Informal Small Scale Water Services in Developing Countries: The Business of Water for Those without Formal Municipal Connections Laura Sima Menachem Elimelech Section IV: Sanitation and Hygiene. Part Introduction The Sanitation Challenge in India Bindeshwar Pathak Successful Sanitation Projects in Thailand Malaysia and Singapore Jay P Graham Household Centered Environmental Sanitation Systems Bindeshwar Pathak Section V: Environmental Factors of Water Pollution. Part Introduction Naturally Occurring Water Pollutants Lorraine C Backer Jonathan K Kish Helena M Solo Gabriele Lora E Fleming Anthropogenic Sources of Water Pollution: Parts 1 and 2 Kerry L Shannon Robert S Lawrence Danielle McDonald The Hudson River: A Case Study of PCB Contamination David O Carpenter Gretchen Welfinger Smith Other Water Pollutants: Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Amy R Sapkota Section VI: Current and Future Trends in Preventing Water Pollution. Part Introduction Controlling Water Pollutants Jeffery A Foran Global Substitution of Mercury Based Medical Devices in the Health Sector Joshua Karliner Peter Orris Addressing Sources of PCBs and Other Chemical Pollutants in Water Gretchen Welfinger Smith David O Carpenter Additional Measures to Prevent Ameliorate and Reduce Water Pollution and Related Water Diseases: Global Water Governance Nikhil Chandavarkar Section VII: Emerging Issues in Ecology Environment and Disease. Part Introduction Changing Geographic Distribution of Disease Vectors Mary E Wilson Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon Marcia C Castro Burton H Singer Ecosystem Services Water Resource Development and Human Infectious Disease Uriel N Safriel Ocean Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts of Brominated Flame Retardants Susan D Shaw Kurunthachalam Kannan Section VIII: Conclusion. Part Introduction Assessment of Progress in Meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals Gretchen Loeffler Peltier Unni Krishnan Karunakara Anson Elisabeth Wright Extending the Right to Health Care and Improving Child Survival in Mexico Julio Frenk Octavio G̤mez Danťs Using Kinship Structures in Health Programming An Example of Preventive Measures and Successful Interventions Moses N Katabarwa Index. Written by authorities from various related specialties this book presents the most complete treatment possible of the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases the pathogens and their biology morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. Preventive measures and solutions are presented throughout. This book is an essential resource for all graduate students postdoctoral scholars and professionals in infectious disease public health and medicine chemical and environmental engineering and international affairs. This e book: Provides a comprehensive understanding of the interconnection among many factors related to water related diseases sanitation and hygiene; Brings together experts from various specialties to address each area covered and to assist in bringing about the understanding of those interconnections; Provides examples of successful interventions with knowledge about how they were brought about so that information can be used to replicate the initiative in full or in part; Provides an appreciation of the concerns and solutions addressed from an international perspective with high and low technological solutions; Provides insight into the international dimension of these concerns and how they can be best addressed. Publisher