Political parties and electoral change : party responses to electoral markets Introduction : Electoral challenges and party reponses Peter Mair Wolfgang C. M(c)ơller and Fritz Plasser Party responses to the changing electoral market in Britain Paul Webb Ephemeral victories Frances governing parties the ecologists and the far right Andrew Knapp Embracing dealignment combating realignment : German parties respond Susan E. Scarrow Party responses to electoral dealignment in Italy Luciano Bardi Party responses to the erosion of voter loyalties in Austria : weakness as an advantage and strength as a handicap Wolfgang C. M(c)ơller Fritz Plasser and Peter A. Ulram Political parties and their reactions to the erosion of voter loyalty in Belgium : caught in a trap Kris Deschouwer Electoral fortunes and responses of the Social Democratic party and Liberal party in Denmark : ups and downs Lars Bille and Karina Pedersen Political parties in electoral markets in postwar Ireland Peter Mair and Michael Marsh Conclusion : Political parties in changing electoral markets Peter Mair Wolfgang C. M(c)ơller and Fritz Plasser