Transmedia adaptation in the nineteenth century Adaptation in the nineteenth century; or the convergence of censorship spectacle commercialism and aesthetics Professional celebrity networks: authors actors adapters Visual and textual adaptations in literature and fine art rorms Culture texts and storyworlds across nineteenth century media Nineteenth century tie ins commercial extensions and participatory culture Conclusion: A new (popular) literary history: adaptation and canon formation. Illustrates how novels gained cultural traction as they underwent reinvention and renewal through adaptation. Discusses Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Boydells Shakespeare Gallery Dickenss most iconic works and many more nineteenth century works