Cinema memory modernity : the representation of memory from the art film to transnational cinema Introduction : cinema memory modernity: the return of film as memory No escape from time : memory and redemption in the international postwar art film The crisis of memory : traumatic identity in the contemporary memory film Global memory : cinema as lingua franca and the commodification of the image The eye of history : memory surveillance and ethicality in the contemporary art film Prosthetic memory and transnational cinema : globalized identity and narrative recursivity in City of God Conclusion: remembering to forget: the catachreses of modernity