The French Revolution and social democracy : the transmission of history and its political uses in Germany and Austria 1889 1934 1889: The social democrats centenary The long centenary 1890 5 Revising orthodoxy re exploring history The Russian Revolution of 1905 and the analogies with 1789 New works on the French Revolution The social democratic educational apparatus from 1906 to 1914 A powerful machine The reference to 1789: powerful yet ambiguous The power of analogies in the face of new revolutions: 1917 23 Continuities and new approaches in the mid 1920s New readings of the French Revolution Analogies and controversies: the French Revolution 1927 34