The ecology of language : essays Language and immigration. Problems of linguistic research among Scandinavian immigrants in America. Problems of bilingualism. The analysis of linguistic borrowing. The confusion of tongues. Language planning in modern Norway. Schizoglossia and the linguistic norm. Linguistics and language planning. Construction and reconstruction in language planning: Ivor Aasens grammar. Semicommunication: the language gap in Scandinavia. Dialect language nation. National and international languages. The Scandinavian languages as cultural artifacts. Language planning theory and practice. Linguistics and dialinguistics. The stigmata of bilingualism. The ecology of language. Authors postscript. Bibliography of Einar Haugens works by A. S. Dil (p. [344] 366)