Creating scientific controversies : uncertainty and bias in science and society Introduction : scientific authority and the created controversy Lessons from the philosophy of science Defining science and the empiricist approach Challenges for the naïve empiricist A revolution in how we think about sciences Sciences as historically and socially situated Points to remember : part I Biases arguments and created controversies Inherent irrationality: cognitive biases and heuristics Thinking more clearly : arguments reasoning and informal fallacies Created controversies and how to detect them Points to remember : part II Exposing created controversies Environmental scare : the case of anthropogenic climate change Sciences religion and an intelligently designed controversy Issues of public health: aids autism and gmos Points to remember : part III Concluding remarks