Biological and cultural diversity : the role of indigenous agricultural experimentation in development Demonstrates the intimate relationship between biological diversity and cultural diversity. The 15 contributors look at experimentation using crops such as rice maize beans and root crops illustrated by case studies from India Nepal and Nigeria among others. There are also studies of water harvesting in the Sudan and of the home gardens in South India. The findings of this study show: farmers do experiment; farmers know their local environments intimately and their experiments are usually site specific; farmers have a close and detailed knowledge of local cultivators and are well aware of the need to promote biological diversity; the experiments underlie the imporatnce of in situ conservation including the protection of wild plants; and any attempts of local conservation of natural resources should involve the local inhabitants. This collection emphasizes the importance of cultural factors and will contribute to the debate about biological diversity.