The Newton wars and the beginning of the French Enlightenment Newton without newtonianism : French mathematical science in the early eighteenth century Sources of Enlightenment Newtonianism : toward a new climate of science in France after 1715 Preparing the battlefield : fighting for and against Newton after 1715 The invention of French Newtonianism : Maupertuis and Voltaire Making the philosophe : Voltaires Newtonianism and the scandal of the lettres philosophiques A French culture war : the battle over Newtonianism Leibnizianism and the solidification of the French Enlightenment