Wavefront shaping for biomedical imaging Machine generated contents note: Part I. Adaptive Optical Microscopy for Biological Imaging: 1. Adaptive optical microscopy using image based wavefront sensing Jacopo Antonello Débora M. Andrade and Martin J. Booth; 2. Adaptive optical microscopy using guide star based direct wavefront sensing Xiaodong Tao Oscar Azucena and Joel Kubby; Part II. Deep Tissue Microscopy: 3. Deep tissue fluorescence microscopy Meng Cui; 4. Zonal adaptive optical microscopy for deep tissue imaging Cristina Rodríguez and Na Ji; Part III. Focusing Light through Turbid Media using the Scattering Matrix: 5. Transmission matrix approach to light control in complex media Sylvain Gigan; 6. Coupling optical wavefront shaping and photoacoustics Emmanuel Bossy; 7. Imaging and controlling light propagation deep within scattering media using time resolved reflection matrix Youngwoon Choi Sungsam Kang and Wonshik Choi; Part IV. Focusing Light through Turbid Media using Feedback Optimization: 8. Feedback based wavefront shaping Ivo M. Vellekoop; 9. Focusing light through scattering media using a micro electro mechanical systems spatial light modulator Yang Lu and Hari P. Paudel; 10. Computer generated holographic techniques to control light propagating through scattering media using a digital mirror device spatial light modulator Antonio M. Caravaca Aguirre and Rafael Piestun; 11. Transmission matrix correlations Roarke Horstmeyer Ivo M. Vellekoop and Benjamin Judkewitz; Part V. Time Reversal Optical Phase Conjugation: 12. Reflection matrix approaches in scattering media: from detection to imaging Amaury Badon Alexandre Aubry and Mathias Fink; 13. Wavefront engineered optical focusing into scattering media using ultrasound or perturbation based guide stars: TRUE TRAP SEWS and PAWS Xiao Xu Cheng Ma Puxiang Lai and Lihong V. Wang; Part VI. Shaped Beams for Light Sheet Microscopy: 14. Light sheet microscopy with wavefront shaped beams: looking deeper into objects and increasing image contrast Alexander Rohrbach; 15. Shaped beams for light sheet imaging and optical manipulation Tom Vettenburg and Kishan Dholakia; Part VII. Tomography: 16. Incoherent illumination tomography and adaptive optics Peng Xiao Mathias Fink and A. Claude Boccara; 17. Computational adaptive optics for broadband optical interferometric tomography of biological tissue Nathan D. Shemonski Yuan Zhi Liu Fredrick A. South and Stephen A. Boppart. The most common approach to adaptive optics (AO) as originally employed in astronomical telescopes has been to use a wavefront sensor to measure directly aberrations. In situations where such sensing provides reliable measurement this is clearly the ideal method (see Chapter 2) but this approach has limitations and particularly so in the context of microscopy. In order to understand this one should consider the constraints the use of a wavefront sensor places on the nature of the optical conguration. A wavefront is only well de ned in particular situations for example when light is emitted by a small or distant point like object such as a star for a telescope or a minuscule bead in a microscope. In these situations a wavefront sensor provides a clear and reliable measurement and this phenomenon has been used to great effect as explained in Chapter 2. However not all sources of light have these necessary properties. For example a large luminous object comprises an arrangement of individual emitters each of which produces its associated wavefront. In this case a wavefront sensor would respond to all of the light impinging upon it thus giving potentially ambiguous measurements. In an extreme case such as where light is emitted throughout the volume of the specimen the sensor would be swamped with light and thus be un able to provide sensible aberration measurement. For this reason in microscopy direct wavefront sensing has been e ective where point like sources have been employed either through the introduction of uorescent beads [1 2] or using localised uorescent markers [3] and non linear excited guide stars [4 5 6] Provided by publisher