The Routledge handbook of the philosophy of engineering Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction Part I Foundational Perspectives 1 What Is Engineering 2 A Brief History of Engineering 3 Western Philosophical Approaches and Engineering 4 Eastern Philosophical Approaches and Engineering 5 What Is Engineering Science 6 Scientific Methodology in the Engineering Sciences Part II Engineering Reasoning 7 Engineering Design and the Quest for Optimality 8 Prescriptive Engineering Knowledge 9 Engineering as Art and the Art of Engineering 10 Creativity and Discovery in Engineering 11 Uncertainty 12 Scenarios 13 Systems Engineering as Engineering Philosophy 14 Assessing Provenance and Bias in Big Data Part III Ontology 15 Artifacts 16 Engineering Objects 17 Use Plans 18 Function in Engineering 19 Emergence in Engineering 20 Towards an Ontology of Innovation: On the New the Political Economic Dimension and the Intrinsic Risks Involved in Innovation Processes Part IV Engineering Design Processes 21 Engineering Design 22 Values and Design 23 Design Methods and Validation 24 Human Centred Design and its Inherent Ethical Qualities 25 Sustainable Design 26 Maintenance Part V Engineering Activities and Methods 27 Measurement 28 Models in Engineering and Design: Modeling Relations and Directions of Fit 29 Scale Modeling 30 Computer Simulations 31 Experimentation 32 On Verification and Validation in Engineering Part VI Values in Engineering 33 Values in Risk and Safety Assessment 34 Engineering and Sustainability: Control and Care in Unfoldings of Modernity 35 The Role of Resilience in Engineering 36 Trust in Engineering 37 Aesthetics 38 Health.