Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles : for oil gas chemical and related facilities Overview of Oil & Gas facilities Philosophy of Protection Principles Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Releases Fires and Explosions Historical survey of Fire and Explosion Incidents in the Hydrocarbon Industries Risk Analysis Segregation Separation and Arrangement Grading Containment and Drainage Systems Process Controls Emergency Shutdown Depressurization Blowdown and Venting Overpressure and Thermal Relief Control of Ignition Sources Elimination of Process Releases Fire and Explosion Resistant Systems Fire and Gas Detection and Alarm Systems Evacuation Methods of Fire Suppression Special Locations Facilities and Locations Human Factors and Ergonomic Considerations The security and economic stability of many nations and of multinational oil companies are highly dependent on the safe and uninterrupted operation of their oil gas and chemical facilities. One of the most critical impacts that can occur to these operations are fires and explosions from accidental or political incidents. This publication is intended as a general engineering handbook and reference guideline for those personnel involved with fire and explosion protection and protection aspects of these critical facilities. The first edition of this book was published when there was not much information available on the process safety the US CSB had not been established and the CCPS was just beginning to publish its guidance books on process safety. At that time there was a considerable void of process safety information that may have lead to some serious incidents that occurred in the industry. The main objective of the 2nd edition of this book is to update and expand the information to the current practices of process safety management and technical engineering improvements which have occurred since the original publication