Nonstandard work in developed economies : causes and consequences Introduction The change in work arrangements in Denmark and Germany Regulatory convergence Nonstandard work in Italy and Spain Nonstandard work arrangements in France and the United States The growth of nonstandard employment in Japan and the United States Employment choices and pay differences between nonstandard and stand work in Britain Germany the Netherlands and Sweden Standard and nonstandard work arrangements pay difference and choice of work by Japanese mothers Work arrangements among women in the United States In search of a new framework for flexibility Nonstandard work arrangements in Japan and the United States Work attitudes and nonstandard work arrangements in the United States Japan and Europe.