Real Homotopy of Configuration Spaces : Peccot Lecture Collège de France March & May 2020 This volume provides a unified and accessible account of recent developments regarding the real homotopy type of configuration spaces of manifolds. Configuration spaces consist of collections of pairwise distinct points in a given manifold the study of which is a classical topic in algebraic topology. One of this theory’s most important questions concerns homotopy invariance: if a manifold can be continuously deformed into another one then can the configuration spaces of the first manifold be continuously deformed into the configuration spaces of the second This conjecture remains open for simply connected closed manifolds. Here it is proved in characteristic zero (i.e. restricted to algebrotopological invariants with real coefficients) using ideas from the theory of operads. A generalization to manifolds with boundary is then considered. Based on the work of Campos Ducoulombier Lambrechts Willwacher and the author the book covers a vast array of topics including rational homotopy theory compactifications PA forms propagators Kontsevich integrals and graph complexes and will be of interest to a wide audience.