Towards Bio based Flame Retardant Polymers 3.1.1 Fire Behavior of Composites Filled with Glass or Carbon Fibers 3.1.2 Flammability of Natural Fibers 3.2 Fire Properties of Composites Reinforced by Natural Fibers 3.2.1 Influence of Raw Natural Fibers 3.2.2 Role of Lignin 3.2.3 Comparison with CF or GF Composites 3.3 Flame Retardancy of Biocomposites 3.3.1 Incorporation of Flame Retardants into the Matrix 3.3.2 Is to Flame Retard Natural Fibers Enough to Impart Fire Performances to Composites 3.3.3 Comparison of Both Approaches 3.4 Conclusions References Contents About the Authors Abbreviations Introduction 1 Flame Retardant Biobased Polymers 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Intumescent Flame Retardant Systems Based on APP 1.2.1 Use of Biobased Components with APP in PLA 1.2.2 Use of Nanoparticles and Functional Fillers with APP in PLA 1.2.3 Other Components in Intumescent Systems with APP for Biobased Polymers 1.3 FR Systems Based on Other Phosphorous and Nitrogenous FRs 1.3.1 Systems Based on Other Types of Phosphates 1.3.2 Novel FR Systems Based on Additive and Reactive FRs Containing Phosphorus and or Nitrogen 1.4 Flame Retardant Systems Based on Functionalized or Modified Nanoparticles and Fillers 1.5 Conclusion References 2 Biobased Flame Retardants 2.1 Issues and Objectives 2.2 Thermal Behavior of Biomass Based Matter 2.2.1 Carbohydrates 2.2.2 Proteins 2.2.3 Lipids 2.2.4 Phenolic Compounds 2.3 Strategies for Flame Retardancy with Biobased Compounds 2.3.1 Bio resources as Intrinsic Flame Retardant 2.3.1.1 Lignin 2.3.1.2 Proteins and DNA 2.3.2 Bio resources Combined with Phosphorus or Nitrogen Compounds 2.3.2.1 Carbohydrates 2.3.2.2 Phenolic Compounds 2.3.3 Modified Bio resources with Enhanced Charring Effect 2.3.3.1 Carbohydrates 2.3.3.2 Phenolic Compounds 2.3.4 Reactive Biobased Flame Retardants 2.3.4.1 Oil Derivatives 2.3.4.2 Bio phenol Derivatives 2.3.4.3 Carbohydrate Derivatives 2.4 Opportunities for the Industrial Scale up of Biobased FR Systems 2.4.1 Fire Performance Criteria 2.4.2 Environmental and Health Criteria 2.4.3 Economic Criteria References 3 Flame Retardancy of Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites 3.1 A Comparison Between Natural Fibers and Glass or Carbon Fibers