Before photography : German visual culture in the nineteenth century Recent years have seen a wealth of new scholarship on the history of photography cinema digital media and video games yet less attention has been devoted to earlier forms of visual culture. The nineteenth century witnessed a dramatic proliferation of new technologies devices and print processes which provided growing audiences with access to more visual material than ever before. This volume brings together the best aspects of interdisciplinary scholarship to enhance our understanding of the production dissemination and consumption of visual media prior to the predominance of photographic reproduction. By setting these examples against the backdrop of demographic educational political commercial scientific and industrial shifts in Central Europe these essays reveal the diverse ways that innovation in visual culture affected literature philosophy journalism the history of perception exhibition culture and the representation of nature and human life in both print and material culture in local national transnational and global contexts Frontmatter Acknowledgments Contents Introduction: Before Photography Part 1: Ways of Seeing Ways of Seeing Ballooning as a Technology of Seeing in Jean Paul’s “Des Luftschiffers Giannozzo Seebuch” (1801) Through the Eyepiece and What Visual Satire Found There Enacting the Past: Nineteenth Century Illustrated Periodicals and Painted Panoramas Visual Cultures of Popular Anatomy Exhibition: The Role of Visitor Environment in Shaping the Impact of Public Health Education Part 2: Materials and Media Materials and Media Cut Ups on the Edges of the Photographic Century Printed Pilgrimage: Spiritual Labyrinths in the German American Home Arc of the Anemone: Modeling Nature from the Wunderkammer to the Warenwelt The Traveling Cliché: Circulation and Fixity in Engraved Representations of Ethnographic “Others” Part 3: Image and Text Image and Text Image Language Science: Hieroglyphs and the Romantic Quest for Primordial Truth A Poetics of Scaling: Adalbert Stifter and the Measures of Nature Around 1850 Adventure from Concentrate: Visual Interventions in German Youth Adaptations of James Fenimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales Epilogue Scans Databases and Apps: Using Twenty First Century Technology to Study Nineteenth Century Visual Culture Contributors Bibliography Index