The emperors new clothes : the United Nations and the implementation of the responsibility to protect This publication attempts to assist the ongoing discussion on the operationalization of the responsibility to protect by the United Nations. After summarizing the negotiation process towards the agreement in the Summit Outcome Document the practice of the application of the responsibility to protect by United Nations organs and other bodies since September 2005 is presented before providing elements for a comprehensive review of existing United Nations capacities to prevent or halt genocide war crimes ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. Finally the publication proposes elements for an immediate strategy of the Secretary General and the United Nations departments funds and agencies to facilitate the application of the responsibility to protect in practice in the immediate future.