Finite element modeling methods for photonics The term photonics can be used loosely to refer to a vast array of components devices and technologies that in some way involve manipulation of light. One of the most powerful numerical approaches available to engineers developing photonic components and devices is the Finite Element Method (FEM) which can be used to model and simulate such components devices and analyze how they will behave in response to various outside influences. This resource provides a comprehensive description of the formulation and applications of FEM in photonics applications ranging from telecommunications astron