Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies This is a proceedings book of the symposium Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies held on Ishigaki Island Okinawa Japan on June 25 30 2006. The symposium focused on mapping the interstellar media and other components in galaxies. Latest results of the following main topics are presented in the volume: Our Galaxy mass distribution local ISM supermassive black holes and their environments Central part of nearby galaxies ISM around starbursts fueling mechanisms Nearby Galaxies molecular gas and star formation gas dynamics Galactic environment and evolution formation of our Galaxy origin of supermassive black holes The nature of the Dark Matter component effects on the internal structures of galaxies