Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Statistical and Non linear Physics: Introduction Complex Systems and Emergent Phenomena Polymer Physics Chaotic Dynamics in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Monte Carlo Simulations in Statistical Physics Nonlinear Fluid Flow Pattern Formation Mixing and Turbulence Fluid Dynamics in Clouds Collective Transport and Depinning Disordered Elastic Media Physics of Jerky Motion in Slowly Driven Magnetic and Earthquake Fault Systems Flexible mechanical structures and their topologically protected deformations A Statistical Mechanics Perspective on Glasses and Aging Stress Localization in Soft Particulate Gels Nonlinear Mechanics of Colloidal Gels: Creep Fatigue and Shear Induced Yielding Statistical physics of the yielding transition Granular Flows Statistical Mechanics of Clogging Jamming of Granular Matter Rigidity Percolation and Frictional Jamming. This volume of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science Second Edition focuses on current challenges in the field from materials and mechanics to applications of statistical and nonlinear physics in the life sciences. Challenges today are mostly in the realm of non equilibrium systems although certain equilibrium systems also present serious hurdles. Where possible pairwise articles focus on a single topic one from a theoretical perspective and the other from an experimental one providing valuable insights. In other cases theorists and experimentalists have collaborated on a single article. Coverage includes both quantum and classical systems and emphasizes 1) mature fields that are not covered in the current specialist literature (2) topics that fall through the cracks in disciplinary journals books or (3) developing areas where the knowledge base is large and robust and upon which future developments will depend. The result is an invaluable resource for condensed matter physicists material scientists engineers and life scientists.