Chapter 19. Human Resource Management and Productivity In this chapter we examine the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) and productivity. HRM includes incentive pay (individual and group) as well as many non pay aspects of the employment relationship such as matching (hiring and firing) and work organization (e.g. teams autonomy). We place HRM more generally within the literature on management practices and productivity. We start with some facts on levels and trends of both HRM and productivity and the main economic theories of HRM. We look at some of the determinants of HRMrisk competition ownership and regulation. The largest section analyzes the impact of HRM on productivity emphasizing issues of methodology data and results (from micro econometric studies). We conclude briefly with suggestions of avenues for future frontier work.