Naturalizing Africa : ecological violence agency and postcolonial resistance in African literature The book makes four interventions: (1) it extends the domain of African literary studies from one primarily focused on humans to one that explores the complexities of human nonhuman relations in the different sites under consideration; (2) it rethinks the dominant notion of agency based on intentionality and proposes ways of conceiving distributed agency or varieties of agency functioning between human beings and other environmental actors; (3) it broadens our perspective on violent resistance and its complicity in ecological degradation thus reopening the question of violence that earlier marked the struggle for liberation by such figures as Frantz Fanon; and (4) it contributes to the larger project of envisioning alternative sustainable ecosystems. Publishers summary