Rural policy implementation in contemporary China : new Socialist countryside This book presents an analysis of adaptive local policy implementation in China in the context of the Building of a New Socialist Countryside (BNSC) policy framework. Based on intensive field work in four counties in Fujian Jiangxi Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces between 2008 and 2011 it offers detailed analyses of the form and impact of county governments strategic agency at certain stages and within certain fields of the implementation process (for example the design of local BNSC programs the steering of project funding implementation and evaluation the establishment of model villages and the management of public participation). Further this study illustrates that BNSC is far more than the empty slogan described by many observers when it was launched in 2005 2006. nstead it has already brought about considerable shifts in terms of the process and outcomes of rural policy implementation. Altogether the results of this research challenge existing paradigms by showing how against the background of contemporary approaches to rural development and recent reforms initiated by the central state local bureaucracies strategic agency can actually push forward effective albeit not necessarily optimal policy implementation to some extent which serves the interests of central authorities local implementors and rural residents