German merchants in the nineteenth century Atlantic This study brings to life the community of trans Atlantic merchants who established strong economic political and cultural ties between the United States and the city republic of Bremen Germany in the nineteenth century. Lars Maischak shows that the success of Bremens merchants in helping make an industrial capitalist world market created the conditions of their ultimate undoing: the new economy of industrial capitalism gave rise to democracy and the nation state undermining the political and economic power of this mercantile elite. Maischak argues that the experience of Bremens merchants is representative of the transformation of the role of merchant capital in the first wave of globalization with implications for our understanding of modern capitalism in general