Democratization by elections : a new mode of transition The power of elections in Africa revisited Staffan I. Lindberg The relative powerlessness of elections in Latin America Jennifer L. McCoy and Jonathan Hartlyn Elections as levers of democratization: a global inquiry Jan Teorell and Axel Hadenius Post Cold War political regimes: when do elections matter Philip G. Roessler and Marc M. Howard Harbinger of democracy: competitive elections before the end of authoritarianism Jason Brownlee All elections are not the same: why power sharing elections strengthen democratization Pippa Norris Sources of competition under electoral authoritarianism Andreas Schedler Opposition parties and incumbent presidents: the new dynamics of electoral competition in Africa Lise Rakner and Nicolas van de Walle Legislative elections in hegemonic authoritarian regimes: competitive clientelism and resistance to democratization Ellen Lust Okar Opposition versus dictators: explaining divergent electoral outcomes in post Communist Europe and Eurasia Valerie J. Bunce and Sharon L. Wolchik Judicial complexity empowering opposition Critical elections in Armenia and Georgia Bryon Moraski The contingent power of authoritarian elections Andreas Schedler A theory of elections as a mode of transition Staffan I. Lindberg