Sex Matters : essays in gender critical philosophy Sex Matters addresses a cluster of related questions that arise from the tension between rights based on sex and rights based on gender identity. Topics discussed include what gender is what policies should be for inclusion in women only spaces and whether gender critical speech is hate speech. Cover Sex Matters: Essays in Gender Critical Philosophy Copyright Contents Acknowledgements Permissions References Preface References Some Notes on Language References I THEORY 1. Ending Sex Based Oppression: Transitional Pathways 1.1 Gender norms 1.2 A world without sex based oppression and transitional pathways 1.2.1 The gender abolition pathway 1.2.2 The nonbinary pathway 1.2.3 The third gender pathway 1.2.4 The transgender pathway 1.2.5 Tradeoffs between pathways 1.3 Falling short of the limit cases and hybrid pathways 1.4 Conclusion References 2 Gender: What is it and What Do They Want it to Be 2.1 What gender has been 2.2 What gender still is (whether or not it is also other things) 2.3 What they want gender to be 2.4 Is reconciliation possible References 3 Do Arguments for Trans Women are Women Succeed 3.1 Existing arguments 3.2 New arguments 3.3 Conclusion References II POLICY 4 Women Only Spaces and the Right to Exclude 4.1 Sex in the law 4.2 Sex matters politically and should be protected legally 4.3 Moral rationales for women only spaces 4.3.1 Safety 4.3.2 Privacy dignity comfort 4.3.3 Justice fairness 4.3.4 Respite 4.3.5 High likelihood of shared bodily experience 4.3.6 Intimate association 4.3.7 Self determination 4.3.8 Intent of the creators 4.4 Women only spaces: sex or gender identity References 5 Sex Self Identification and Costly Signals of Assurance 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Costly signals 5.3 Providing women with assurance 5.4 Individual signals 5.5 Legal requirements 5.6 Conclusion References 6 The Never Ending Dispute over Public Bathrooms 6.1 Why are bathrooms sex segregated 6.2 What interests do women have in female only bathrooms.