Cities in the pre modern Islamic world : the urban impact of religion state and society Introduction Amira K. Bennison An urban structure for the early Islamic city: an archaeological hypothesis Donald Whitcomb The foundation legend of Fez and other Islamic cities in light of the life of the Prophet Simon OMeara The city of Sultan Kala Merv Turkmenistan: communities neighbourhoods and urban planning from the eighth to the thirteenth century Tim Williams Power and the city in the Islamic west from the Umayyads to the Almohads Maira K. Bennison Ceremonial and sacred space in early Fatimid Cairo Jonathan M. Bloom Fīrūzkūh: the summer capitol of the Ghurids David Thomas Fathpur Sikri and Isfahan: the founding and layout of capital cities in Mughal India and Safavid Iran Stephen P. Blake The water supply of Tinnīs: public amenities and private investments Alison L