Mechanics of solid polymers : theory and computational modeling Front Cover; Mechanics of Solid Polymers: Theory and Computational Modeling; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 What Is a Polymer; 1.3 Types of Polymers; 1.4 History of Polymers; 1.5 Polymer Manufacturing and Processing; 1.6 Polymer Mechanics; 1.7 Exercises; References; Chapter 2: Experimental Characterization Techniques; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Mechanical Testing for Material Model Calibration; 2.2.1 Uniaxial Compression Testing; 2.2.2 Uniaxial Tension Testing; 2.2.3 Plane Strain Tension; 2.2.4 Simple Shear Testing; 2.2.5 Impact Testing Very few polymer mechanics problems are solved with only pen and paper today and virtually all academic research and industrial work relies heavily on finite element simulations and specialized computer software. Introducing and demonstrating the utility of computational tools and simulations Mechanics of Solid Polymers provides a modern view of how solid polymers behave how they can be experimentally characterized and how to predict their behavior in different load environments. Reflecting the significant progress made in the understanding of polymer behaviour over the last two decade 3.1 Introduction3.1.1 Required Inputs for FEA; 3.2 Types of FEA; 3.3 Review of Modeling Techniques; 3.3.1 Deformation Modeling; 3.3.2 Failure Modeling; 3.4 Exercises; References; Chapter 4: Continuum Mechanics Foundations; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Classical Definitions of Stress and Strain; 4.2.1 Uniaxial Loading; 4.2.2 Multiaxial Loading; 4.3 Large Strain Kinematics; 4.4 Vector and Tensor Algebra; 4.4.1 Vector Operations; 4.4.2 The Dyadic Product; 4.4.3 Tensor Operations; 4.4.4 Derivatives of Scalar Vector and Tensor Fields; 4.4.5 Coordinate Transformations; 4.4.6 Invariants 2.2.6 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis2.2.7 Hardness and Indentation Testing; Rockwell Hardness Testing; Shore (Durometer) Testing; Barcol Hardness Testing; Nanoindentation; 2.2.8 Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing; 2.2.9 Bulk Modulus Testing; 2.2.10 Other Common Mechanical Testing Modes; 2.2.11 Testing for Failure Model Calibration; 2.3 Mechanical Testing for Material Model Validation; 2.3.1 Material Model Verification and Validation; 2.3.2 Small Punch Testing; 2.3.3 V Notch Shear Testing; 2.4 Surface Characterization Techniques; 2.4.1 Optical Microscopy; 2.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy 2.4.3 Atomic Force Microscopy2.5 Volume Characterization Techniques; 2.5.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry; 2.5.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy; 2.5.3 X Ray Diffraction; Wide Angle X Ray Diffraction; Small Angle X Ray Diffraction; 2.5.4 Birefringence; 2.5.5 Swell Testing; 2.6 Chemical Characterization Techniques; 2.6.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; 2.6.2 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy; 2.6.3 Size Exclusion Chromatography; 2.6.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis; 2.6.5 Raman Spectroscopy; 2.7 Exercises; References; Chapter 3: Finite Element Analysis as an Engineering Tool 4.5 Deformation Gradient4.5.1 Eigenvalue and Spectral Decompositions; 4.6 Strain Stretch and Rotation; 4.7 Rates of Deformation; 4.8 Stress Tensors; 4.8.1 Stress Invariants; 4.9 Balance Laws and Field Equations; 4.9.1 Conservation of Mass; 4.9.2 Balance of Linear Momentum; 4.9.3 Balance of Angular Momentum; 4.9.4 First Law of Thermodynamics; 4.9.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics; 4.10 Energy Balance and Stress Power; 4.11 Constitutive Equations; 4.11.1 Constitutive Equations for a Thermoelastic Material; 4.12 Observer Transformation; 4.12.1 Objective Rates; 4.13 Material Symmetry