The affirmative action empire : nations and nationalism in the Soviet Union 1923 1939 The Soviet affirmative action empire Borders and ethnic conflict Linguistic Ukrainization 1923 1932. The background to Ukrainization 1919 1923 Affirmative action in the Soviet East 1923 1932 Latinization campaign and the symbolic politics of national identity The politics of national communism 1923 1930 The national interpretation of the 1933 famine Ethnic cleansing and enemy nations The revized Soviet nationalities policy 1933 1939 The reemergence of the Russians The friendship of peoples