The call of Bilal : Islam in the African diaspora The heirs of Bilal in North Africa and the Middle East: healing spirit possession and Islam in the village African Muslims in Europe: Mandinga Murids and British Black Muslims Siddis and habshis in South Asia: shrines of the African saints and life cycle rituals in the village Islamic jihad or just revolt African Muslims in Latin America and the Caribbean African American Muslims in the United States: making physical and metaphysical homelands Conclusion: echoes of Bilal across the African diaspora