Radar scattering and imaging of rough surfaces : modeling and applications with MATLAB® Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgments Author 1. Introduction 1.1. Surface Scattering as a Random Process 1.2. Nature of Wave Scattering from Rough Surface 1.3. Radar Imaging Mechanisms and Computation 1.4. Progress of the Subject References 2. Statistical Description of Rough Surfaces 2.1. Types of Rough Surface 2.1.1. Quasi Periodic and Random Rough Surfaces 2.1.2. Isotropic and Anisotropic Surfaces 2.2. Statistics of Randomly Rough Surface 2.2.1. Fractal Approach 2.2.2. σ ℓ Approach 2.3. Correlation Functions and Roughness Spectra 2.4. Multiscale Rough Surface 2.5. Uncertainties of Roughness Parameters References 3. Basics of Electromagnetic Wave 3.1. Maxwells Equations 3.2. Constitute Relations 3.3. Wave Reflection and Transmission at a Plane Boundary 3.3.1. Laws of Reflection and Refraction 3.3.2. Reflection and Transmission in a Layered Medium 3.4. Radar Equations for Objects and Extensive Targets 3.4.1. Radar Cross Section 3.4.2. Scattering Coefficient References 4. Analytical Modeling of Rough Surface Scattering 4.1. Huygens Fresnel Principle 4.2. Electric Field Integral Equations (EFIE) and Magnetic Field Integral Equations (MFIE) 4.3. Solutions of EFIE and MFIE Numerical and Analytical Approaches 4.3.1. Kirchhoff Approximation (KA) 4.3.2. Small Perturbation Method (SPM) 4.3.3. Small Slope Approximation (SSA) 4.3.4. Integral Equation Model (IEM) 4.4. Advanced Integral Equation Models 4.4.1. Single and Multiple Scattering 4.4.2. Multiple Scattering Contributions 4.4.3. Validation of AIEM Model 4.4.3.1 Comparison with Numerical Simulations 4.4.3.2 Comparison with Measurement Data.