Laser Tissue interactions : fundamentals and applications Laser Tissue Interactions by Prof. Dr. Markolf H. Niemz (Heidelberg University) has become the standard reference book in this fast growing field. It addresses basic concepts such as optical and thermal tissue properties hard and soft tissue ablation and photobiomodulation. Clinical applications are reviewed according to the latest references. The last chapter covers todays standards of laser safety with a careful selection of essential guidelines published by the Laser Institute of America. This fourth edition has been completely revised and updated. Color illustrations summaries and questionnaires with solutions transform this book into a useful guide for graduate students scientists and medical practitioners. OPHTHALMOLOGY DENTISTRY GYNECOLOGY UROLOGY NEUROSURGERY ANGIOPLASTY AND CARDIOLOGY ORTHOPEDICS DERMATOLOGY AND COSMETICS GASTROENTEROLOGY OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY “An extremely useful reference companion.” LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE Introduction Historical Review Goal of the Book Outlook Light and Matter Reﬂection and Refraction Absorption Scattering Turbid Media Photon Transport Theory Measurement of Optical Tissue Properties Questions to Chapter 2 Interaction Mechanisms Photochemical Interaction Photothermal Interaction Photoablation Plasma Induced Ablation Photodisruption Questions to Chapter 3 Medical Applications of Lasers Lasers in Ophthalmology Lasers in Dentistry Lasers in Gynecology Lasers in Urology Lasers in Neurosurgery Lasers in Angioplasty and Cardiology Lasers in Dermatology Lasers in Orthopedics Lasers in Gastroenterology Lasers in Otorhinolaryngology and Pulmology Questions to Chapter 4 Laser Safety Introduction Laser Hazards Eye Hazards Skin Hazards Associated Hazards from High Power Lasers Laser Safety Standards and Hazard Classiﬁcation Viewing Laser Radiation Eye Protection Laser Beam Calculations Questions to Chapter 5 Solutions