European Union enlargement : a comparative history What alternative is open to us : Britain Wolfram Kaiser and Jürgen Elvert A kingdom divided : Denmark Johnny Laursen From isolation to involvement : Ireland Edward Moxon Browne State interests external dependency trajectories and Europe : Greece Kostas Ifantis In search of lost Europe : Spain Ricardo Martín de la Guardia From Atlantic past to European destiny : Portugal António Costa Pinto and Nuno Severiano Teixeira A newcomer experienced in European integration : Austria Michael Gehler If in Europe then in its core : Finland Hanna Ojanen Combining dependence with distance : Sweden Maria Gussarsson A fools game or a comedy of errors : EU enlargements in comparative perspective Jürgen Elvert