Hadron Structure in Electroweak Precision Measurements This thesis examines the γZ box contribution to the weak charge of the proton. Here by combining recent parity violating electron deuteron scattering data with our current understanding of parton distribution functions the author shows that one can limit this model dependence. The resulting construction is a robust model of the γγ and γZ structure functions that can also be used to study a variety of low energy phenomena. Two such cases are discussed in this work namely the nucleon’s electromagnetic polarizabilities and quark hadron duality. By using phenomenological information to constrain the input structure functions this important but previously poorly understood radiative correction is determined at the kinematics of the parity violating experiment QWEAK to a degree of precision more than twice that of the previous best estimate. A detailed investigation into available parametrizations of the electromagnetic and interference cross sections indicates that earlier analyses suffered from the inability to correctly quantify their model dependence. Introduction The Standard Model and beyond Precision tests of the SM Structure functions Adelaide Jefferson Lab Manitoba model The γZ box corrections Electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton Quark hadron duality Summary and conclusion.