Practical lighting design with LEDs Figures Preface 1 Practical Introduction to LEDs What Is an LED Small LEDs versus Power Devices Phosphors versus RGB Inside an LED Is an LED Right for My Application Haitzs Law(s) The Wild West LEDs and OLEDs and . . .  2 Light Bulbs and Lighting Systems Light Sources Characteristics of Light Sources Types of Bulbs History of Lighting Lighting Systems 3 Practical Introduction to Light The Power of Light Radiometric versus Photometric Luminous Intensity Illuminance and Luminance (or Candela Lux and Nits) What Color White Color Rendition: How the Light Looks versus How Objects Look 4 Practical Characteristics of LEDs Current Not Voltage Forward Voltage Reverse Breakdown Not Efficiency Effi cacy! LED Optical Spectra Overdriving LEDs Key Datasheet Parameters Binning The Tolerance Game 5 Practical Thermal Performance of LEDs Mechanisms Behind Thermal Shifts Electrical Behavior of LEDs With Temperature Optical Behavior of LEDs With Temperature Other Performance Shifts With Temperature LED Lifetime: Lumen Degradation LED Lifetime: Catastrophic Failure Paralleling LEDs 6 Practical Thermal Management of LEDs Introduction to Thermal Analysis Calculation of Thermal Resistance The Ambient Practical Estimation of Temperature Heat Sinks Fans Radiation Enhancement Removing Heat from the Drive Circuitry 7 Practical DC Drive Circuitry for LEDs Basic Ideas Battery Basics Overview of SMPS Buck Boost Buck Boost Input Voltage Limit Dimming Ballast Lifetime Arrays 8 Practical AC Drive Circuitry for LEDs Safety Which AC Rectification Topology Selection Nonisolated Circuitry Isolation Component Selection EMI Power Factor Correction Lightning Dimmers Ripple Current Effects on LEDs Lifetime UL Energy Star and All That 9 Practical System Design With LEDs PCB Design Getting the Light Out LEDs in Harsh Environments Designing With the Next Generation LED in Mind Lighting Control 10 Practical Examples Example: Designing an LED Flashlight Example: Designing a USB Light Example: Designing an Automobile Taillight Example: Designing an LED Light Bulb 11 Practical Measurement of LEDs and Lighting Measuring Light Output LED Measurement Standards Measuring LED Temperature Measuring Thermal Resistance Measuring Power Power Factor and Efficiency Accelerated Life Tests 12 Practical Modeling of LEDs Preliminaries Practical Overview of Spice Modeling What Not to Do What to Do Modeling Forward Voltage Reverse Breakdown Modeling Optical Output Modeling Temperature Effects Modeling the Thermal Environment A Thermal Transient Some Comments on Modeling References Index IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering This book covers all of the information needed to design LEDs into end products. It is a practical guide primarily explaning how things are done by practicing engineers. Equations are used only for practical calculations and are kept to the level of high school algebra. There are numerous drawings and schematics showing how things such as measurements are actually made and showing curcuits that actually work. There are practical notes and examples embedded in the text that give pointers and how to guides on many of the books topics. After reading each chapter of the book readers will have the knowledge to implement practical designs. This book will be kept as a reference tool for years to come