Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment 2.3.4 Plastic derived Products BPA 2.3.5 Dietary Agents Genistein 2.3.6 Therapeutic Synthetic Estrogens 2.4 Epigenetic Biomarkers in Risk Assessment 2.4.1 Challenges of Applying Epigenetic Toxicology 2.5 Conclusion Competing Financial Interests Declaration Statement Disclaimer References Chapter 3 Issues for Hazard Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: The Use of Adverse Outcome Pathways 3.1 Hazard Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 3.1.1 Non monotonic Dose Response Relationships 3.1.2 Low dose Effects of EDC 1.4.1 Why Look at the Thyroid Pathway 1.4.2 AOP Related to Thyroid Function 1.4.3 Assays 1.4.4 Screening 1.4.5 Example Substances 1.5 Regulation 1.6 Summary and Outlook References Chapter 2 Epigenetic Reprogramming by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Overview of Epigenetic Regulation 2.2.1 DNA Methylation 2.2.2 Histone Modifications 2.2.3 Non coding RNAs 2.3 EDCs as Disruptors of Epigenetic Regulation 2.3.1 Environmental Pollutant Benzene 2.3.2 Fungicide Vinclozolin 2.3.3 Pesticide Methoxychlor 1.1.5 How Does the AOP Concept Help to Facilitate Screening 1.2 Estrogen Pathway 1.2.1 Why Look at the Estrogen Pathway 1.2.2 AOP Related to Estrogen Signaling 1.2.3 Test Guidelines Based on Functions in Relation to the Schematic AOP 1.2.4 Alternative Testing Strategies Based on High throughput Screening 1.2.5 Example Substance: DES 1.3 Androgen Pathway 1.3.1 Why Look at the Androgen Pathway 1.3.2 AOP Related to AR Signaling 1.3.3 Test Guidelines Based on Functions in Relation to the Schematic AOP 1.3.4 Example Substance: Linuron 1.4 Thyroid Pathway Intro Half Title Title Copyright Preface Contents Section 1 Endocrine Disruptor: Mechanisms and Effects Chapter 1 Endocrine Disruptor Effects on Estrogen Androgen and Thyroid Pathways: Recent Advances on Screening and Assessment 1.1 Introduction What is an Endocrine Disruptor 1.1.1 What Parts of the Endocrine System Do We Look at and Why 1.1.2 What Endocrine Mechanisms Do We Look At 1.1.3 What Regulatory Guidance Exists 1.1.4 What Information Can Be Obtained From OECD Compliant Studies 3.2 Adverse Outcome Pathways 3.3 Conclusions References Chapter 4 Integrated Translation Framework for Endocrine Disruptors in the area of Computational Toxicology 4.1 Endocrine Disruptors (EDs) and Human Health 4.2 From Classical Dose Response to Integrative Translational Toxicology 4.3 PBPK (Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic) Model 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 Approaches to Building PBPK Models 4.3.2.1 Permiability rate limited Model 4.3.2.2 Perfusion rate limited Model 4.3.3 Model Parameterization 4.3.3.1 System specific Parameters With contributions from global leaders in the field this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health