Alfred Marshalls last challenge : his book on economic progress This text presents Alfred Marshalls final unfinished and unpublished book. His main volume Principles of Economics was first published in 1890 and was for a long period of time the textbook par excellence on which generations of economists were trained. Despite its success and its importance the book in its eight editions testifies to some extent to the failure of Marshalls original editorial project which should have consisted of multiple volumes and culminated with the publication of a final work on economic progress. Marshalls death in 1924 made it impossible to realize his project but many notes written for it have survived. These notes collected here constitute a fundamental element in fully understanding the thought and perspectives of this great economist and in appreciating his great modernity and wisdom.