An introduction to qualitative research Guide to this book Qualitative research : why and how to do it Qualitative and quantitative research Approaches to qualitative research Ethics of qualitative research Using the existing literature Theories underlying qualitative research Texts as data in qualitative research Designing qualitative research The qualitative research process Research questions Entering the field Sampling Triangulation Collecting verbal data Interviews Focus groups Using narrative data Collecting data beyond talk Observation and ethnography Visual data : photography film and video Using documents as data Qualitative data analysis Transcription and data management Grounded theory coding Thematic coding and content analysis Naturally occurring data : conversation discourse and hermeneutic analysis Using software in qualitative data analysis Quality of qualitative research : criteria and beyond Writing qualitative research State of the art and the future