Microscopic Foundations of Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Linear Stability and Causality Analytical Solutions and Transient Dynamics Microscopic Origin of Transport Coeffcients: Linear Response Theory Fluid Dynamics from Kinetic Theory: Traditional Approaches Method of Moments: Equilibrium Reference State Method of Moments: Convergence Properties Fluid Dynamics from the Method of Moments Method of Moments: Anisotropic Reference State. This book provides an introduction to relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics with particular emphasis on its derivation from microscopic transport theory. After a phenomenological derivation of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics from the second law of thermodynamics the intrinsic instabilities of relativistic Navier Stokes theory are discussed. In turn analytical solutions of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics are presented. Following the authors discuss several theories and approaches to derive transport coefficients in dissipative fluid dynamics such as the Chapman Enskog theory the theory of Israel and Stewart and a more recent derivation of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics based on kinetic theory which constitutes the main focus of the second part of this book. This book is intended for advanced graduate students and researchers in physics and requires basic knowledge of the theory of special and general relativity. It should be of particular interest to researchers that apply relativistic fluid dynamics in cosmology astrophysics and high energy nuclear physics.