Optical techniques in biological research Light scattering Bennie R. Ware Raman scattering Denis L. Rousseau and Mark R. Ondrias Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy James O. Alben and Frank G. Fiamingo Nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy Juan Yguerabide and Evangelina E. Yguerabide Circular dichroism Marcos F. Maestre Electron microscopy S.W. Hui