Isogeometric analysis based on Geometry Independent Field approximaTion (GIFT) and Polynomial Splines over Hierarchical T meshes This thesis addresses an adaptive higher order method based on a Geometry Independent Field approximatTion(GIFT) of polynomial rationals plines over hierarchical T meshes(PHT RHT splines). In isogeometric analysis basis functions used for constructing geometric models in computer aided design(CAD) are also employed to discretize the partial differential equations(PDEs) for numerical analysis. Non uniform rational B Splines(NURBS) are the most commonly used basis functions in CAD. However they may not be ideal for numerical analysis where local refinement is required. The alternative method GIFT deploys different splines for geometry and numerical analysis. NURBS are utilized for the geometry representation while for the field solution PHT RHT splines are used. PHT splines not only inherit the useful properties of B splines and NURBS but also possess the capabilities of local refinement and hierarchical structure. The smooth basis function properties of PHT splines make them suitable for analysis purposes. While most problems considered in isogeometric analysis can be solved efficiently when the solution is smooth many non trivial problems have rough solutions. For example this can be caused by the presence of re entrant corners in the domain. For such problems a tensor product basis (as in the case of NURBS) is less suitable for resolving the singularities that appear since refinement propagates throughout the computational domain. Hierarchical bases and local refinement (as in the case of PHT splines) allow for a more efficient way to resolve these singularities by adding more degrees of freedom where they are necessary. In order to drive the adaptive refinement an efficient recovery based error estimator is proposed in this thesis. The estimator produces a recovery solution which is a more accurate approximation than the computed numerical solution. Several two and three dimensional numerical investigations with PHT splines of higher order and continuity prove that the proposed method is capable of obtaining results with higher accuracy better convergence fewer degrees of freedom and less computational cost than NURBS for smooth solution problems. The adaptive GIFT method utilizing PHT splines with the recovery based error estimator is used for solutions with discontinuities or singularities where adaptive local refinement in particular domains of interest achieves higher accuracy with fewer degrees of freedom. This method also proves that it can handle complicated multi patch domains for two and three dimensional problems outperforming uniform refinement in terms of degrees of freedom and computational cost.