Specifying Statistical Models : From Parametric to Non Parametric Using Bayesian or Non Bayesian Approaches During the last decades. the evolution of theoretical statistics has been marked by a considerable expansion of the number of mathematically and computationaly trac­ table models. Faced with this inflation. applied statisticians feel more and more un­ comfortable: they are often hesitant about their traditional (typically parametric) assumptions. such as normal and i. i. d . • ARMA forms for time series. etc . • but are at the same time afraid of venturing into the jungle of less familiar models. The prob­ lem of the justification for taking up one model rather than another one is thus a crucial one. and can take different forms. (a) ~~~£ifi~~~iQ~ : Do observations suggest the use of a different model from the one initially proposed (e. g. one which takes account of outliers). or do they render plau­ sible a choice from among different proposed models (e. g. fixing or not the value of a certai n parameter)  (b) tlQ~~L~~l!rQ1!iIMHQ~ : How is it possible to compute a distance between a given model and a less (or more) sophisticated one. and what is the technical meaning of such a distance  (c) BQe~~~~~~ : To what extent do the qualities of a procedure. well adapted to a small model. deteriorate when this model is replaced by a more general one This question can be considered not only. as usual. in a parametric framework (contamina­ tion) or in the extension from parametriC to non parametric models but also. 1. Protecting Against Gross Errors: The Aid of Bayesian Methods 2. Bayesian Approaches to Outliers and Robustness 3. The Probability Integral Tranformation for Non Necessary Absolutely Continuous Distribution Functions and its Application to Goodness of Fit Tests 4. Simulation in the General First Order Autoregressive Process (Unidimensional Normal Case) 5. Non Parametric Prediction in Stationary Processes 6. Approximate Reductions of Bayesian Experiments 7. Theory and Applications of Least Squares Approximation in Bayesian Analysis 8. Non Parametric Bayesian Statistics: A Stochastic Process Approach 9. Robust Testing for Independent Non Identically Distributed Variables and Markov Chains 10. On the Use of some Variation Distance Inequalities to estimate the Difference between Sample and Perturbed Sample 11. A Contribution to Robust Principal Component Analysis 12. From Non Parametric Regression to Non Parametric Prediction: Survey of the Mean Square Error and Original Results on the Predictogram.