Recycling of spent lithium ion batteries : processing methods and environmental impacts This book presents a state of the art review of recent advances in the recycling of spent lithium ion batteries. The topics covered include: introduction to the structure of lithium ion batteries; development of battery powered electric vehicles; potential environmental impact of spent lithium ion batteries; pretreatment of spent lithium ion batteries for recycling processing; pyrometallurgical processing for recycling spent lithium ion batteries; hydrometallurgical processing for recycling spent lithium ion batteries; direct processing for recycling spent lithium ion batteries; high value added products from recycling of spent lithium ion batteries; and effects of recycling of spent lithium ion batteries on environmental burdens. The book provides an essential reference resource for professors researchers and policymakers in academia industry and government around the globe