Asphalt specification and testing The book starts with a resume of specifications and their relative advantages and disadvantages for different situations. Then different properties are discussed in terms of: their specification; the test methods that can be used (primarily the EN 12697 suite of European methods of which the author has been responsible for drafting); the extent to which the results predict performance; the levels that can be achieved with different asphalt types; what levels if any should be specified in various situations and pavement layers; and which other properties are adversely affected by enhanced performance. The final section covers various aspects of sustainability with a strong emphasis on durability