After dictatorship : instruments of transitional justice in post authoritarian systems Numerous studies concerning transitional justice exist. However comparatively speaking the effects actually achieved by measures for coming to terms with dictatorships have seldom been investigated. There is an even greater lack of transnational analyses. This volume contributes to closing this gap in research. To this end it analyses processes of coming to terms with the past in seven countries with different experiences of violence and dictatorship. Experts have drawn up detailed studies on transitional justice in Albania Argentina Ethiopia Chile Rwanda South Africa and Uruguay. Their analyses constitute the empirical material for a comparative study of the impact of measures introduced within the context of transitional justice. It becomes clear that there is no sure formula for dealing with dictatorships. Successes and deficits alike can be observed in relation to the individual instruments of transitional justice – from criminal prosecution to victim compensation. Nevertheless the South American states perform much better than those on the African continent. This depends less on the instruments used than on political and social factors. Consequently strategies of transitional justice should focus more closely on these contextual factors.