Handbook of bioastronautics : with 185 figures and 45 tables This comprehensive handbook serves the needs of biomedical researchers space mission planners and engineers aerospace medicine physicians graduate students and professors interested in obtaining an up to date and readable introduction to bioastronautics the science of humans in space. Following the excitement and progress of the birth of the space age in the fifties and sixties with the successes in human space flight – culminating with the Moon landings – the field of bioastronautics retreated into the more workmanlike arena of successively longer stays in low Earth orbit. At this time major new initiatives are ahead both in human and robotic space exploration. The International Space Station along with the developing Chinese space station and lunar program will permit the development and testing of the means of astronaut protection for long duration missions – eventually to Mars and its moons as well as visits to asteroids other NEOs and the Lagrange points. New life support systems and innovative approaches to radiation protection beyond Earth’s magnetic field will all be developed and tested. Meanwhile the search for extraterrestrial life past or even present is accelerating – with the spectacular finds of Martian water and the discovery of potentially habitable extra solar planets. A new generation of scientists is ready to attack a new set of problems and is in need of an efficient accurate and searchable means of discovering the essentials of the field. This reference work also covers the challenges past achievements and potential solutions inherent to the safe exploration of distant space and the search for life off our planet. The entries summarize the tertiary literature and include sufficient data and illustrations to introduce each topic while avoiding the length and detail of scientific review articles. The Space Environment Life Support Systems Physiological Effects of Space Flight: Microgravity Space Radiation Psychological Aspects of Space Flight Careers and Education Astrobiology Space Biology Facilities Space Medicine Space Flight Analogs Human Space Flight Accidents and Incidents Highlights of Human Space Flight: Dates Goals Future Human Exploration Challenges Astronaut Perspective.