A Geography of Jihad : Sokoto Jihadism and the Islamic Frontier in West Africa This book addresses the Jihad movement that created the largest African state of the 19th century: the Sokoto Caliphate existing for 99 years from 1804 until its military defeat by European colonial troops in 1903. The author carves out the entanglements of jihadist ideology and warfare with geographical concepts at Africa’s periphery of the Islamic world: geographical knowledge about the boundary between the Land of Islam and the Land of War ; the pre colonial construction of the Muslim and the unbeliever ; and the transfer of ideas between political elites and mobile actors (traders pilgrims slaves soldiers) whose reports helped shape new definitions of the African frontier of Islam. Research for this book is based on the study of a very wide range of Arabic and West African (Hausa Fulfulde) manuscripts. Their policies reveal the persistent reciprocity of jihadist warfare and territorial statehood of Africa and the Middle East. Frontmatter Content Acknowledgements Note on Translation and Transcription List of Figures I. Introduction II. The Course of the Jihad: Historiography Literature Sources III. Sokoto Scholars Measuring This World IV. Mobile Actors and the Transfer of Jihadist Knowledge on Space 1. Ancestral Travelers: »Reformers in Corrupt Times« 2. Pilgrims: »Camel Driver Urge Them towards the East!« 3. Travelers by Profession: Water and Its Threats 4. Pastoralists of the Sahel and Sahara: »Colonizing Dead Land« 5. Migrants of War: Precarious and Sacred Routes V. Conclusions: Jihadist Geography and Geographical Jihad Archives and Collections Dictionaries Online Repositories Manuscripts Edited Sources and Translations Secondary Literature Index