Evidence Based Management of Patients with Respiratory Failure Respiratory failure is a complex disease process whereby the underlying disease and therapeutic measures interact. The patient’s outcome is determined by a variety of factors including how we use therapeutic maneuvers such as mechanical ventilation for prevention of complications e.g. ventilator associated pneumonia. This book is a comprehensive review of all aspects of acute respiratory failure providing critical reviews of various topics related to respiratory failure and discussing the clinical evidence available for the diagnoses and management of patients with respiratory failure. This book contains an extensive bibliographic review focusing on preventive and therapeutic studies that was methodologically standardized with authors assessing and classifying studies according to statutes of evidence based medicine. It considers epidemiology and outcome of mechanical ventilation; addresses ventilator modes and utility of pulmonary mechanics monitoring for treatment; analyzes physiologic effect and patient outcomes of pulmonary recruitment and lung protective ventilation procedures; describes complications that can be present in these patients such as ventilator associated pneumonia and useful methods to prevent respiratory infections; covers the impact of bronchodilators corticosteroids and antibiotics in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; discusses how when and in whom to do tracheostomy; and evaluates the use of sedation and neuromuscular blockade as well as current clinical trials in acute lung injury. In summary this book on the Evidence based Management of Patients with Respiratory Failure provides important information to improve patient outcome by clearly identifying the research evidence that we can apply in daily clinical practice. Evidence based Management of Patients with Respiratory Failure: An Introduction Mechanical Ventilation: Epidemiology and Outcomes Ventilator Modes: Which do we use and how should we use them Management of Patients with Respiratory Failure: An Evidence based Approach What is the Utility of Monitoring Pulmonary Mechanics in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure What are the Best Methods for Weaning Patients from Mechanical Ventilation Venous Thromboembolism in the ICU: What is the Epidemiology and What are the Consequences Non invasive Ventilation: How when for whom and what outcome Pulmonary Recruitment in Acute Lung Injury Lung Protective Ventilation Trial: A Comparison of Physiologic Effects and Patient important Outcomes Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: What is the impact of bronchodilators corticosteroids and antibiotics Ventilator associated Pneumonia: What are the Accuracies and the Consequences of Different Diagnostic Methods Are the Most Simple Methods Still Useful in Preventing Respiratory Infections Tracheostomy in Patients with Respiratory Failure Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: How when and for whom The Use of Sedation and Neuromuscular Blockade: The Effect on Clinical Outcome Current Clinical Trials in Acute Lung Injury Novel Advancements in the Management and Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure.