Female employment and gender gaps in China This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care parent care and women’s employment) the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages Communist Party membership and participation in social activity) and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up to date and in depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy policymakers and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds. Chapter 1 Introduction Part I Women’s Family Responsibilities and Employment in China Chapter 2 Market Wage Child Care and the Employment of Married Women in China Chapter 3 Parent Care and Middle aged Women’s Employment Part II The Gender Gap in China’s Labor Market and Society Chapter 4 Ownership Sector and the Gender Wage Gap Chapter 5 The Gender Gap of Communist Party Membership Chapter 6 The Gender Gap of Social Participation Activity Part III Impact of Policy on Women’s Labour Market Outcomes in China Chapter 7 The Impact of Higher Education Expansion Policy on the Wages of Female College Graduates Chapter 8 The Impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme on the Labor Supply of Intra Household Prime age Women in Rural China Index.