Change:
I don't think this challenge is described correctly. The idea that a variable is only available to the element and it's children has nothing to do with cascading. It's a clear definition of scope. Cascading is the concept that if there are multiple of a thing, the last one wins, which is described in the previous challenge related to fallbacks. Just my 2cents for what it's worth, but if I had someone come in for an interview and tell me cascading was the idea that a variable could only be used by an element and it's children, I would consider that a wildly misunderstood concept.
Thanks for reporting this! While this challenge isn't intended to introduce the concepts of cascade and inheritance, it clearly does not use the terms correctly. I'll have a go at rewriting the challenge to show that CSS variables behave like ordinary properties in this respect.
for what it's worth, this was discussed a little bit in a previous issue that was never resolved - - perhaps it should be reworded since it has now come up multiple times.

Discussion:
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], "helpRoom": "Help", "fileName": "01-responsive-web-design/basic-css.json" <del> } </del>  No newline at end of file <ins> } </ins>

<del> --- id: 5a9d7295424fe3d0e10cad14 title: Cascading CSS variables challengeType: 0 videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLZZhZ' --- ## Description <section id='description'> When you create a variable, it is available for you to use inside the element in which you create it. It also is available for any elements nested within it. This effect is known as <dfn>cascading</dfn>. Because of cascading, CSS variables are often defined in the <dfn>:root</dfn> element. <code>:root</code> is a <dfn>pseudo-class</dfn> selector that matches the root element of the document, usually the <code>html</code> element. By creating your variables in <code>:root</code>, they will be available globally and can be accessed from any other selector later in the style sheet. </section> ## Instructions <section id='instructions'> Define a variable named <code>--penguin-belly</code> in the <code>:root</code> selector and give it the value of <code>pink</code>. You can then see how the value will cascade down to change the value to pink, anywhere that variable is used. </section> ## Tests <section id='tests'> ```yml tests: - text: Declare the <code>--penguin-belly</code> variable in the <code>:root</code> and assign it to <code>pink</code>. testString: assert(code.match(/:roots*?{[sS]*--penguin-bellys*?:s*?pinks*?;[sS]*}/gi), 'Declare the <code>--penguin-belly</code> variable in the <code>:root</code> and assign it to <code>pink</code>.'); ``` </section> ## Challenge Seed <section id='challengeSeed'> <div id='html-seed'> ```html <style> :root { /* add code below */ /* add code above */ } body { background: var(--penguin-belly, #c6faf1); } .penguin { --penguin-skin: gray; --penguin-beak: orange; position: relative; margin: auto; display: block; margin-top: 5%; width: 300px; height: 300px; } .right-cheek { top: 15%; left: 35%; background: var(--penguin-belly, white); width: 60%; height: 70%; border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%; } .left-cheek { top: 15%; left: 5%; background: var(--penguin-belly, white); width: 60%; height: 70%; border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%; } .belly { top: 60%; left: 2.5%; background: var(--penguin-belly, white); width: 95%; height: 100%; border-radius: 120% 120% 100% 100%; } .penguin-top { top: 10%; left: 25%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 50%; height: 45%; border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%; } .penguin-bottom { top: 40%; left: 23.5%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 53%; height: 45%; border-radius: 70% 70% 100% 100%; } .right-hand { top: 0%; left: -5%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 30%; height: 60%; border-radius: 30% 30% 120% 30%; transform: rotate(45deg); z-index: -1; } .left-hand { top: 0%; left: 75%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 30%; height: 60%; border-radius: 30% 30% 30% 120%; transform: rotate(-45deg); z-index: -1; } .right-feet { top: 85%; left: 60%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 15%; height: 30%; border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%; transform: rotate(-80deg); z-index: -2222; } .left-feet { top: 85%; left: 25%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 15%; height: 30%; border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%; transform: rotate(80deg); z-index: -2222; } .right-eye { top: 45%; left: 60%; background: black; width: 15%; height: 17%; border-radius: 50%; } .left-eye { top: 45%; left: 25%; background: black; width: 15%; height: 17%; border-radius: 50%; } .sparkle { top: 25%; left: 15%; background: white; width: 35%; height: 35%; border-radius: 50%; } .blush-right { top: 65%; left: 15%; background: pink; width: 15%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .blush-left { top: 65%; left: 70%; background: pink; width: 15%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .beak-top { top: 60%; left: 40%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 20%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .beak-bottom { top: 65%; left: 42%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 16%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .penguin * { position: absolute; } </style> <div class="penguin"> <div class="penguin-bottom"> <div class="right-hand"></div> <div class="left-hand"></div> <div class="right-feet"></div> <div class="left-feet"></div> </div> <div class="penguin-top"> <div class="right-cheek"></div> <div class="left-cheek"></div> <div class="belly"></div> <div class="right-eye"> <div class="sparkle"></div> </div> <div class="left-eye"> <div class="sparkle"></div> </div> <div class="blush-right"></div> <div class="blush-left"></div> <div class="beak-top"></div> <div class="beak-bottom"></div> </div> </div> ``` </div> </section> ## Solution <section id='solution'> ```js var code = ":root {--penguin-belly: pink;}" ``` </section> </del>

<ins> --- id: 5a9d7295424fe3d0e10cad14 title: Inherit CSS Variables challengeType: 0 videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLZZhZ' --- ## Description <section id='description'> When you create a variable, it is available for you to use inside the selector in which you create it. It also is available in any of that selector's descendants. This happens because CSS variables are inherited, just like ordinary properties. To make use of inheritance, CSS variables are often defined in the <dfn>:root</dfn> element. <code>:root</code> is a <dfn>pseudo-class</dfn> selector that matches the root element of the document, usually the <code>html</code> element. By creating your variables in <code>:root</code>, they will be available globally and can be accessed from any other selector in the style sheet. </section> ## Instructions <section id='instructions'> Define a variable named <code>--penguin-belly</code> in the <code>:root</code> selector and give it the value of <code>pink</code>. You can then see that the variable is inherited and that all the child elements which use it get pink backgrounds. </section> ## Tests <section id='tests'> ```yml tests: - text: Declare the <code>--penguin-belly</code> variable in the <code>:root</code> and assign it to <code>pink</code>. testString: assert(code.match(/:roots*?{[sS]*--penguin-bellys*?:s*?pinks*?;[sS]*}/gi), 'Declare the <code>--penguin-belly</code> variable in the <code>:root</code> and assign it to <code>pink</code>.'); ``` </section> ## Challenge Seed <section id='challengeSeed'> <div id='html-seed'> ```html <style> :root { /* add code below */ /* add code above */ } body { background: var(--penguin-belly, #c6faf1); } .penguin { --penguin-skin: gray; --penguin-beak: orange; position: relative; margin: auto; display: block; margin-top: 5%; width: 300px; height: 300px; } .right-cheek { top: 15%; left: 35%; background: var(--penguin-belly, white); width: 60%; height: 70%; border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%; } .left-cheek { top: 15%; left: 5%; background: var(--penguin-belly, white); width: 60%; height: 70%; border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%; } .belly { top: 60%; left: 2.5%; background: var(--penguin-belly, white); width: 95%; height: 100%; border-radius: 120% 120% 100% 100%; } .penguin-top { top: 10%; left: 25%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 50%; height: 45%; border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%; } .penguin-bottom { top: 40%; left: 23.5%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 53%; height: 45%; border-radius: 70% 70% 100% 100%; } .right-hand { top: 0%; left: -5%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 30%; height: 60%; border-radius: 30% 30% 120% 30%; transform: rotate(45deg); z-index: -1; } .left-hand { top: 0%; left: 75%; background: var(--penguin-skin, gray); width: 30%; height: 60%; border-radius: 30% 30% 30% 120%; transform: rotate(-45deg); z-index: -1; } .right-feet { top: 85%; left: 60%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 15%; height: 30%; border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%; transform: rotate(-80deg); z-index: -2222; } .left-feet { top: 85%; left: 25%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 15%; height: 30%; border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%; transform: rotate(80deg); z-index: -2222; } .right-eye { top: 45%; left: 60%; background: black; width: 15%; height: 17%; border-radius: 50%; } .left-eye { top: 45%; left: 25%; background: black; width: 15%; height: 17%; border-radius: 50%; } .sparkle { top: 25%; left: 15%; background: white; width: 35%; height: 35%; border-radius: 50%; } .blush-right { top: 65%; left: 15%; background: pink; width: 15%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .blush-left { top: 65%; left: 70%; background: pink; width: 15%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .beak-top { top: 60%; left: 40%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 20%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .beak-bottom { top: 65%; left: 42%; background: var(--penguin-beak, orange); width: 16%; height: 10%; border-radius: 50%; } .penguin * { position: absolute; } </style> <div class="penguin"> <div class="penguin-bottom"> <div class="right-hand"></div> <div class="left-hand"></div> <div class="right-feet"></div> <div class="left-feet"></div> </div> <div class="penguin-top"> <div class="right-cheek"></div> <div class="left-cheek"></div> <div class="belly"></div> <div class="right-eye"> <div class="sparkle"></div> </div> <div class="left-eye"> <div class="sparkle"></div> </div> <div class="blush-right"></div> <div class="blush-left"></div> <div class="beak-top"></div> <div class="beak-bottom"></div> </div> </div> ``` </div> </section> ## Solution <section id='solution'> ```js var code = ":root {--penguin-belly: pink;}" ``` </section> </ins>