Code change:
Added first-cut of minimum delay text. Intended to
Delay based congestion control protocols are making an assumption that the observed RTT is the sum of a constant "min delay" and a variable queuing delay. This assumption may not be valid on wireless links, as delays vary when the distance between mobile endpoint and base station increases, or when changing transmission condition cause the radios to adopt different modulation and coding strategies. I suspect we also have these "variable delays" in satellite services, especially when using constellations of low orbit satellites. The state of the art is not very good. BBR for example recognizes its dependency on accurate estimate of the min RTT, but has to resort to some kind of periodic reset if measurements of RTT kept over RTT min for 10 seconds -- which is both quite long for some apps, and quite annoying for real time apps suffering a transmission issue every ten seconds. LEDBAT++ does something similar. I think these "variable delays" link are good candidates for "special case" links, to be mentioned in a separate section.
The variable delay part applies to most satellite broadband access using GEO also - not because of propagation usually, but more a result of radio resource sharing. It might well apply to some other technologies that use a shared capacity pool.
Min delay variation strikes me as a bit of a corner case -- perhaps it can be an optional case to evaluate. The other piece is delay variation is not always congestion -- this is IIUC very common in wireless and is part of that mandatory case.
In think this is something like: An Internet Path can include simple links, where the minimum delay is the propagation delay, and any additional delay can be attributed to link buffering. In this case, a congestion controller could reduce the sending rate to the point of minimum buffering while still preserving the maximum throughput. An internet Path can also include complex subnetworks where the minimum delay changes over various time scales. This occurs when a subnet changes the forwarding path to optimise capacity, resilience, etc. It could also arise when a subnet uses a capacity management method where the available resource is periodically distributed among the active nodes and where a node might then have to buffer data until an assigned transmission opportunity. Variation also results when a higher priority diffserv traffic classic prompts the transmission by a lower class. In these cases, the delay varies as a function of external factors and attempting to infer congestion from an increase in the delay results in reduced throughput.
The delay will also change when the wireless path between two wireless nodes becomes longer, or slower, or shorter, or faster. Or when a wireless router changes the schedule of transmission and starts polling a wireless station more often. or less often. To give an extreme example, suppose a spacecraft flying away from earth at 12,000 km/h. Every hour, the delay will increase by 40 ms.
Sure, however that requirement is very specific to certain systems - my point is that even for fixed cabled and broadband wireless systems, the base delay changes.
I suggest the language "non stationary minimum delay" to encompass all causes that resemble some form of route or path change, explicitly including LEO and mobile motion. It doesn't really cover link layer re transmissions or delays caused by link scheduling algorithms, but these are short term variations that are more likely to be statistically similar to IP queuing delay. I would use the term "hidden queues" to refer to unmanaged queues that (almost) never incur significant backlog but do occasionally cause jitter and generally can not be observed at the IP queuing layer.
NAME will add something in Sec 5 ("Special Cases")

Related discussion:
text: traffic sharing a bottleneck), with similar impacts on congestion control. <del> 5.8. </del> <ins> 5.9. </ins> Multipath transport protocols permit more than one path to be differentiated and used by a single connection at the sender.  A