jiayi-li23/proxann_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2013-06-28 00:00:00

Relevancy Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to authorize the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to apply for an order requiring the production of tangible things pursuant to an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a U.S. person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities only if the subject of such investigation is a specific person or a specific group of persons.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-07-18 00:00:00

Government Surveillance Transparency Act of 2013 - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to authorize an entity that is required to comply with an order or directive issued by a FISA court under such Act to make publicly available every 90 days with respect to the preceding 90-day period: (1) the aggregate number of orders or directives with which such entity was required to comply; (2) a general description of the types of assistance, information, or tangible things such entity was required to provide pursuant to such orders or directives; (3) the aggregate number of each type of assistance, information, or tangible things such entity was required to provide pursuant to such orders or directives; and (4) the aggregate number of user accounts with respect to which such entity was required to provide assistance, information, or tangible things pursuant to such orders or directives.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2013-07-24 00:00:00

Surveillance State Repeal Act - Repeals the USA PATRIOT Act and the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (thereby restoring or reviving provisions amended or repealed by such Acts as if such Acts had not been enacted), except with respect to reports to Congress regarding court orders under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) and the acquisition of intelligence information concerning an entity not substantially composed of U.S. persons that is engaged in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

Extends from 7 to 10 years the maximum term of FISA judges. Makes such judges eligible for redesignation.

 Permits FISA courts to appoint special masters to advise on technical issues raised during proceedings.

Requires orders approving certain electronic surveillance to direct that, upon request of the applicant, any person or entity must furnish all information, facilities, or technical assistance necessary to accomplish such surveillance in a manner to protect its secrecy and produce a minimum of interference with the services that such carrier, landlord, custodian, or other person is providing the target of such surveillance (thereby retaining the ability to conduct surveillance on such targets regardless of the type of communications methods or devices being used by the subject of the surveillance).

Prohibits information relating to a U.S. person from being acquired pursuant to FISA without a valid warrant based on probable cause.

Prohibits the federal government from requiring manufacturers of electronic devices and related software to build in mechanisms allowing the federal government to bypass encryption or privacy technology.

Directs the Comptroller General (GAO) to report annually on the federal government's compliance with FISA.

Permits an employee of or contractor to an element of the intelligence community with knowledge of FISA-authorized programs and activities to submit a covered complaint to the Comptroller General, to the House or Senate intelligence committees, or in accordance with a process under the National Security Act of 1947 with respect to reports made to the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community. Defines a "covered complaint" as a complaint or information concerning FISA-authorized programs and activities that an employee or contractor reasonably believes is evidence of: (1) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or (2) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety. Subjects an officer or employee of an element of the intelligence community to administrative sanctions, including termination, for taking retaliatory action against an employee or contractor who seeks to disclose, or who discloses, such information.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-07-30 00:00:00

Privacy Advocate General Act of 2013 - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to establish as an independent office in the executive branch the Office of the Privacy Advocate General, to be headed by the Privacy Advocate General who shall be appointed jointly by the Chief Justice of the United States and the senior Associate Justice for a seven-year term.

Requires the Privacy Advocate General to: (1) serve as the opposing counsel with respect to any application by the federal government for an order or directive and any review of a certification or targeting procedures under FISA; and (2) oppose any federal government request for an order or directive under FISA and any certification or targeting procedures and argue the merits of the opposition before the FISA court, including any arguments relating to constitutionality. Authorizes the Privacy Advocate General to: (1) request that the FISA court make publicly available an order, decision, or opinion of the court; and (2) file appeals and petition the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari.

Authorizes a FISA judge, after denying an application by the federal government to permit electronic surveillance, physical searches, and the installation and use of a pen register and trace device, to issue a temporary order allowing such surveillance, searches, and installation pending an appeal by the government, if the judge finds: (1) there is a reasonable argument that such surveillance, search, or installation is permissible; and (2) there are exceptional circumstances and compelling evidence showing that immediate electronic surveillance, physical searches, and installation of pen register and trace devices are necessary to accomplish the government's purpose. Requires the destruction of any information gathered or derived from such electronic surveillance, searches, and installation of pen register and trace devices if the government's application is denied on appeal.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-09-09 00:00:00

NSA Accountability Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) (as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act) to require the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (in some cases, on behalf of the National Security Agency [NSA]), in applications for court orders requiring the production of tangible things (commonly referred to as business records, including books, records, papers, documents, and other items) for an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a U.S. person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, to include a statement of specific and articulable facts showing reasonable grounds to believe that such things are relevant and material to an authorized investigation. (Currently, a general statement of facts must only show that the tangible things are relevant to an authorized investigation.)

Requires that the items sought pertain only to an individual that is the subject of such investigation.

Removes a list of production items currently designated as presumptively relevant. (Currently, tangible things are considered to be presumptively relevant if the government shows that they pertain to a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power, the activities of a suspected agent of a foreign power who is the subject of such authorized investigation, or an individual in contact with, or known to, a suspected agent of a foreign power who is the subject of such authorized investigation.)

Requires, in the case of a violation of the requirements addressing production orders for tangible things, that all unobligated funds made available to carry out such activities in the fiscal year be withheld for the period beginning on the date of such violation until September 30 of such fiscal year.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-09-16 00:00:00

Intelligence Oversight and Accountability Act of 2013 - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to revise congressional reporting requirements with respect to FISA court decisions.

Requires the Attorney General (DOJ), within 45 days after the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review issues a decision, order, or opinion that includes a denial or modification of a request for an order, or that results in a change of application or a new application of FISA, to submit to Congress a copy of such decision and any associated pleadings, applications, or memoranda of law. (Currently, the Attorney General submits such materials only with respect to decisions that the Attorney General determines are a significant construction or interpretation of FISA.)

Directs the Attorney General to include with such court documents a brief statement (a summary) of the relevant background factual information, questions of law, legal analysis, and decision rendered.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2013-09-20 00:00:00

Ensuring Adversarial Process in the FISA Court Act - Amends the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to require the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (an independent agency that reviews executive branch actions taken to protect the nation from terrorism in order to ensure a balance with privacy and civil liberties) to appoint: (1) attorneys to serve as public interest advocates in proceedings before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), a judge of the petition review pool, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISCR), and the Supreme Court under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA); and (2) technical and subject-matter experts (including experts of computer networks, telecommunications, encryption, and cybersecurity), not employed by the federal government, to be available to assist such advocates in performing their duties.

Requires such courts, in any matter involving a significant interpretation or construction of FISA, to appoint at least one public interest advocate who will: (1) participate fully with the same rights and privileges as the federal government; (2) represent the interests of the people of the United States in preserving privacy and civil liberties, including with respect to rights under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution; and (3) have access to all relevant evidence as well as the authority to petition the court to order the government to produce other necessary evidence.

Authorizes such advocates to file motions and briefs, respond to motions or filings made by the federal government, and request rehearings or en banc consideration of a decision.

Permits the FISC to request review by the FISCR, and permits the FISCR to request review by the Supreme Court, when matters before such courts in which a public interest advocate has been appointed involve a question of law in which there is substantial ground for difference of opinion.

Requires the United States and the public interest advocate, when a court has requested such a review, to be given an opportunity to provide written briefs or arguments related to a decision by the FISCR or the Supreme Court to review a ruling.

Allows each relevant court, upon a finding that it would benefit from additional views, to permit participation by amicus curiae.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Law
Date: 2013-09-26 00:00:00

FISA Court Oversight Underscoring Responsibility and Transparency Act or the FISA COURT Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to require the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to consist of 11 publicly designated district court judges, of whom:

 2 judges are designated by the President; 1 judge is designated by a majority of the Supreme Court; and 2 judges each are designated, respectively, by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the minority leader of the House of Representatives, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate. (Currently, the Chief Justice designates all 11 judges.)

Requires a majority of the Supreme Court (currently, the Chief Justice alone) to designate three judges from the U.S. district courts or courts of appeals who shall comprise the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.

Requires the Attorney General (DOJ) to make publicly available: (1) copies of FISA court decisions, orders, pleadings, applications, and memoranda currently submitted to Congress, subject to the authority of the Attorney General to waive such public availability requirements for national security purposes; and (2) a quarterly estimate of the number of waivers along with the reasons for such waivers.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Science, technology, communications
Date: 2013-11-21 00:00:00

Prohibits the President from authorizing or permitting the construction of a satellite positioning ground monitoring station directly or indirectly controlled by a foreign government on U.S. soil until the Secretary of Defense (DOD) and the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) jointly certify to Congress that such station will not possess the capability or potential to be used to gather intelligence or improve foreign weapons systems.

Directs the Secretary, DNI, and the Commander of the U.S. Strategic Command to jointly report to Congress regarding the use of such stations by foreign governments to gather intelligence or improve the accuracy of missile guidance systems.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Law
Date: 2013-12-12 00:00:00

Requires the Attorney General to publicly disclose, in a manner consistent with national security, any decision of a court established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) that surveillance activities conducted by the U.S. government have violated a particular U.S. law or constitutional provision.

Requires the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to provide information on surveillance activities to Congress, including information regarding: (1) whether the National Security Agency (NSA) or any other element of the intelligence community has ever collected, or made plans to collect, the cell-site location information of a large number of U.S. persons with no known connection to suspicious activity; (2) the type and amount of evidence the DNI believes is required to permit the collection of cell-site information for intelligence purposes; (3) whether NSA or any other element of the intelligence community has ever conducted a warrantless search of a collection of communications in an effort to find the communications of a particular U.S. person (other than a corporation) and, if so, the number of such searches or an estimate of such number; (4) when the U.S. government first began relying on authorities under FISA to justify the collection of records with no known connection to suspicious activity; (5) whether representations made to the U.S. Supreme Court by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in the case of Clapper v. Amnesty International USA accurately described the use of authorities under FISA by the government, which of such representations, if any, were inaccurate, and how such representations have been corrected; and (6) FISA court opinions that identified violations of the law, the Constitution, or FISA court orders relating to the collection of information under FISA.

Directs the Comptroller General (GAO), in consultation with the U.S. International Trade Commission, to conduct an assessment of the economic impact, including the impact on the ability of U.S. communication service providers to compete in foreign markets, of bulk collection and surveillance programs conducted under FISA, and to report to Congress on such assessment.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-12-16 00:00:00

Amends the National Security Act of 1947 to require the Director of National Intelligence to report annually to the congressional intelligence committees on violations of law or executive order by personnel of an element of the intelligence community and on actions taken in response.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-13 00:00:00

Intelligence Budget Transparency Act of 2014 - Requires the President's annual federal budget submission to include the total dollar amount proposed for intelligence or intelligence related activities of each element of the government engaged in such activities in the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted and the estimated appropriation required for each of the ensuing four fiscal years.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-15 00:00:00

National Security Agency Data Collection Review Act of 2014 - Amends the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 to advance to December 31, 2014 (currently, June 1, 2015), the termination date of provisions of such Act that authorize the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to apply for a court order for the production of records to assist in investigations of international terrorism.

Amends the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 to advance to December 31, 2014 (currently, December 31, 2017), the expiration of the authority for the targeting, for foreign intelligence purposes, of communications of foreign persons who are located outside the United States.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-15 00:00:00

Expansion of National Security Agency Oversight Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligene Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to include the House Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Affairs and the Senate Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations (in addition to the intelligence and judiciary committees) as congressional committees to which the Attorney General is required to report under FISA with respect to physical searches, pen register and trap and trace devices, access to certain business records for intelligence purposes, semiannual FISA reviews, and targeting of persons outside the United States to obtain intelligence information.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-15 00:00:00

National Security Agency Accountability Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to require the Comptroller General to report annually to the House and Senate Intelligence and Judiciary Committees on the effectiveness of the programs and activities carried out under such Act.

Requires each report to include: (1) an analysis of the restrictions placed on access to information obtained under such Act; (2) the number of incidents of non-compliance with such Act and a description of actions taken in response to such incidents; (3) a description of the minimization procedures used to carry out such Act and of how such procedures are verified to be in use and effective; (4) the number of applications made under each appropriate provision of such Act, the number of such applications approved by a court, and the number of times such applications resulted in an oral argument before the court; and (5) the number of times employees of or contractors to the National Security Agency (NSA) search information acquired under such Act.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-15 00:00:00

Big Brother Is Not Watching You Act - Requires the President and all executive departments and independent agencies to take all actions, including rulemaking, needed to implement the 46 recommendations of the report entitled "Liberty and Security in a Changing World," issued on December 12, 2013, by the President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies.

Requires all necessary rulemaking to be concluded within one year, and all necessary executive orders to be issued within six months, of the enactment of this Act.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-16 00:00:00

Intelligence Community Oversight Act of 2014 - Amends the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2010 to require the head of each element of the intelligence community, in carrying out the directive of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) governing Comptroller General access to information in such element's possession, to:

 provide the Comptroller General with timely access to necessary information concerning programs and activities for any audit, investigation, program evaluation, report, or review; cooperate with the Comptroller General to the fullest extent possible and provide timely responses to requests for information; carefully consider requests for information based on consultation with the Comptroller General; work with the Comptroller General to explore alternative means to accommodate a request if the head determines that such element is unable to provide the Comptroller General with access to the specific information requested; narrowly construe any limitation on access to information by the Comptroller General; and submit to the DNI, the Comptroller General, and Congress, in a timely manner and at the same time the head notifies the Comptroller General of the denial of access to requested information, a written justification for such denial. Requires: (1) the DNI, semiannually, to report to Congress and the Comptroller General on any instances in which a head denied access to requested information; and (2) the Comptroller General, within 30 days of receiving such a report, to submit to Congress any comments in response to such report.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-01-16 00:00:00

American Privacy Protection Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), with respect to the authority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to make an application to a FISA court for an order requiring the production of tangible things (commonly referred to as "business records"), to limit the items that the FBI may seek to tangible things not pertaining to a U.S. person for an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a U.S. person (thus removes the FBI's authority to make such applications for an investigation regarding a U.S. person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities).
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-02-11 00:00:00

Prohibits any officer or employee of, or contractor or detailee to, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from using an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out a weapons strike or other lethal action.

Requires the President to transfer all authority to use such a vehicle to conduct such strikes or lethal action to the Department of Defense (DOD).