jiayi-li23/proxann_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-04-28 00:00:00

Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Enhancement Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to include the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board as a recipient of: (1) FISA court procedural rule changes, decisions, and pleadings; (2) the Attorney General's (DOJ) annual report to the Administrative Office of the U.S. Court regarding applications and orders for electronic surveillance; (3) the Attorney General's reports to Congress concerning electronic surveillance, physical searches, pen registers and trap and trace devices, production of tangible things (commonly referred to as business records), the number of persons targeted by the government under FISA authorities, and procedures for targeting persons; (4) reports by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) assessing compliance with minimization procedures for targeting persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States other than U.S. persons, including reviews of the number of targets who were later determined to be located in the United States; and (5) annual reports of each element of the intelligence community authorized to acquire targeted foreign intelligence information.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-05-28 00:00:00

Global Health Worker Protection Act of 2014 - Prohibits the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and any other agency from using health or humanitarian workers or activities (including immunization and vaccination campaigns, health education and surveillance, or direct health services) in countries outside the United States for the purpose of collecting foreign intelligence.

Prohibits this Act from being construed to restrict the provision of medical services to individuals involved in authorized intelligence activities on behalf of the United States.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2014-07-11 00:00:00

Drone Reform Act - Prohibits operations involving the use of an armed unmanned aerial vehicle from being carried out under the authority of federal agency other than the Department of Defense (DOD).

Defines "unmanned aerial vehicle" (UAV) as an aircraft operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft, including drones, unmanned aircraft or aerial systems, remotely piloted aircraft or vehicles, remotely operated aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicle systems.

Authorizes only uniformed members of the Armed Forces to: (1) operate, or order the operation of, an armed UAV; or (2) operate or fire, or order the operation or firing of, any weapon or other munition carried on an armed UAV.

Subjects the operation and use of armed UAVs to the requirements of laws applicable to the Armed Forces.

Prohibits this Act from being construed to: (1) limit or expand the authority of a component of the federal government to provide intelligence to the DOD, or (2) create or expand any authority for the federal government to kill any person.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Science, technology, communications
Date: 2014-07-14 00:00:00

Amends the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act to remove the National Security Agency (NSA) from the list of agencies and offices that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is required to consult during the development of security standards for information systems.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: International affairs
Date: 2014-07-14 00:00:00

Chinese Communist Economic Espionage Sanctions Act - Expresses the sense of Congress that the Chinese Communist Party and the government of China should be condemned for conducting cyber and economic espionage against the United States.

Directs the President to prohibit transactions in property and property interests of a covered Chinese state-owned enterprise or a person who is a member of the board of directors, an executive officer, or a senior official of a covered Chinese state-owned enterprise if such property and property interests are in the United States, come within the United States, or are within the possession or control of a U.S. person.

Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to require each financial institution that is a U.S. person and has within its possession or control such assets that are in the United States to certify to the Secretary that the financial institution has frozen these assets.

Makes an alien who is a member of the board of directors, an executive officer, or a senior official of a covered Chinese state-owned enterprise ineligible for U.S. admission.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Government operations and politics
Date: 2014-09-18 00:00:00

Security Clearance Enhancement Act of 2014 - Amends the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to expand the responsibilities of the executive agency selected to conduct security clearance investigations of U.S. government employees and contractors who require access to classified information. Requires such agency to provide for: (1) the collection of data from government, commercial data, consumer reporting agency, and social media sources, as well as data relevant to the granting, denial, or revocation of access to classified information; (2) periodic reinvestigations to review the accuracy and comprehensiveness of information relating to such access; and (3) a process to notify an agency if a verification or periodic reinvestigation has revealed information pertinent to revocation of access.

Requires personnel security investigations of an individual to include information collected from:

 criminal or civil legal proceedings; financial information sources, including bankruptcy proceedings, property liens, mortgages, high-value assets obtained from unknown sources, and bank accounts; credit reports or wealth indicators; associations with an individual or group that may suggest ill intent, vulnerability to blackmail, compulsive behavior, allegiance to another country, or change in ideology; public sources, including news articles or reports; social media websites or forums; and terrorist or criminal watch lists maintained by an agency, state or local government, or international organization, including the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the International Criminal Police Organization. Requires data collected during reinvestigations to be included in the security clearance database established by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM).

Increases the frequency of periodic investigations conducted for the purpose of updating a previously completed background investigation to two times (currently, once) every: (1) 5 years in the case of a top secret clearance or access to a highly sensitive program, (2) 10 years in the case of a secret clearance, or (3) 15 years in the case of a confidential clearance.

Reestablishes an annual report to Congress regarding security clearances. Requires such reports to assess the effectiveness of OPM's security clearance database.

Prohibits this Act from being construed to require increased consideration of information relating to an individual's minor financial or mental health issues.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-03-07 00:00:00

Prohibits the federal government from using a drone (unmanned aircraft) to kill a U.S. citizen located in the United States.

Makes such prohibition inapplicable to an individual who poses an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury to another.

States that nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow the killing of a U.S. citizen located in the United States without due process of law.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Foreign trade and international finance
Date: 2013-05-07 00:00:00

Deter Cyber Theft Act - Requires the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to annually report to specified congressional committees on foreign countries that engage in economic and industrial espionage in cyberspace with respect to U.S. trade secrets or proprietary information. Requires each report to identify countries that engage in such espionage as well as countries that engage in the most egregious forms of such espionage.

Directs the President to exclude from entry into the United States any article produced or exported by an entity identified within any such report, as long as the President determines that such exclusion is warranted for the enforcement of intellectual property rights or to protect the integrity of the Department of Defense (DOD) supply chain.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2013-06-11 00:00:00

Ending Secret Law Act - Expresses the sense of Congress that each decision, order, or opinion ("decision," for purposes of this Act) issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review that includes significant construction or interpretation of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) provisions concerning access to business records and the targeting of persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States to acquire foreign intelligence information should be declassified in a manner consistent with the protection of national security, intelligence sources and methods, and other properly classified and sensitive information. Amends FISA provisions concerning access to business records and the targeting of persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States to require the Attorney General, with exceptions, to declassify and make publicly available decisions concerning certain surveillance orders required for inclusion in a semiannual report to Congress. Requires release to the public of unclassified summaries and reports if the Attorney General determines that a decision may not be declassified.

Requires the Attorney General, in cases in which an unclassified summary may not be made available, to make publicly available an unclassified report on the status of the internal deliberations and process regarding the declassification by executive branch personnel of such decisions, including estimates of the number of decisions that will be declassified or remain classified.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2013-06-13 00:00:00

Restore Our Privacy Act - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to authorize the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to apply for an order requiring the production of any tangible things only: (1) for an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a U.S. person; or (2) for an investigation concerning international terrorism (currently, to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities).

Requires the application for such an order to include specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe (currently, a statement of facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe) that each tangible thing sought is relevant to an authorized investigation.

Eliminates as presumptively relevant to such an investigation tangible things that pertain to an individual in contact with, or known to, a suspected agent of a foreign power who is the subject of such authorized investigation. Requires the judge, for each tangible thing to be released, to enter a finding that the Director has presented specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe that the thing is relevant to an authorized investigation (other than a threat assessment).

Requires the Attorney General to: (1) fully inform Congress semiannually (currently, annually) concerning the total number of applications made for orders approving requests for the production of tangible things and the total number of such orders either granted, modified, or denied; (2) include in such information a description with respect to each application of the specific purpose for such production and an analysis of the effectiveness of each application that was granted or modified in protecting U.S. citizens against terrorism; and (3) make such information available to the public in a manner consistent with the protection of national security.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2013-06-18 00:00:00

Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to require the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in an application for a court order requesting access to business records and other tangible evidence in connection with a foreign intelligence investigation, to include a statement that the information sought is relevant to an authorized investigation to obtain information not concerning a U.S. person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities and either: (1) pertains to a foreign power or agent of a foreign power; (2) is relevant to the activities of a suspected agent of a foreign power who is the subject of the investigation; or (3) pertains to an individual in contact with, or known to, a suspected agent of a foreign power. Requires such statement to enumerate the minimization (protection) procedures adopted by the Attorney General applicable to FBI retention and dissemination of any information made available.

Excepts from such requirements any court order issued prior to six months after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Government operations and politics
Date: 2013-08-01 00:00:00

Preserving American Access to Information Act - Directs federal agency heads with authority to classify information to: (1) specify the types of information with short-lived sensitivity that could be automatically declassified without further review, and (2) consult with the Information Security Oversight Office of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in the declassification process. Exempts from such automatic declassification: (1) information on sources, methods, tactics, tradecraft, and procedures of members of the Armed Forces, the intelligence community, and other personnel performing similar security functions; and (2) any other information that could endanger military, intelligence, diplomatic, or law enforcement personnel, operations, or capabilities.

Directs the President to take appropriate actions to enhance the authority and capacity of the National Declassification Center under Executive Order 13526 to promote a government-wide strategy for the declassification of information.

Requires the Director of the National Declassification Center to provide for consultation between the Center's Advisory panel and the public on a regular basis. Extends authority for the Public Interest Declassification Board until December 31, 2018.

Requires federal agencies to identify and designate historically valuable records as soon as possible after their creation to ensure the preservation and future accessibility of such records.

Requires federal agency heads that classify information to report to Congress on: (1) options for pilot programs to assess the feasibility and advisability of mechanisms to improve the current declassification capabilities of federal agencies; and (2) the feasibility and advisability of replacing the current agency classification systems and of declassifying records with Formerly Restricted Date (FRD) that have no national security value.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2013-08-01 00:00:00

FISA Court Reform Act of 2013 - Establishes as an independent establishment in the executive branch an Office of the Special Advocate to protect individual rights by advocating in cases before courts established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) in support of legal interpretations that minimize the scope of surveillance and the extent of data collection and retention.

Directs the presiding judge of the FISA Court of Review to appoint a Special Advocate to serve as the head of such Office from a list of candidates submitted by the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board.

Requires the Special Advocate to: (1) review each application to the FISA Court by the Attorney General and each decision of the FISA Court or the FISA Court of Review, and (2) participate in proceedings before the FISA Court when appointed to participate by such Court.

Permits the Special Advocate to request to participate in such proceedings, request reconsideration of FISA Court decisions, and appeal or seek review of FISA Court or FISA Court of Review decisions.

Directs such Courts to promulgate rules to provide the public with information sufficient to allow interested parties to participate as amicus curiae.

Authorizes the Special Advocate to seek a writ of certiorari from the Supreme Court for review of any decision of the FISA Court of Review.

Requires the Attorney General to publicly disclose: (1) all decisions issued by the FISA Court or the FISA Court of Review after July 10, 2003, that include a significant construction or interpretation of law, (2) any decision of the FISA Court appealed by the Special Advocate, and (3) any FISA Court of Review decision issued after an appeal by the Special Advocate. Provides for the release of as much information regarding the facts and analysis in such decisions as is consistent with legitimate national security concerns.

Permits the Special Advocate to petition the FISA Court or FISA Court of Review for the public disclosure of decisions and related documents previously designated as classified or for the release of an unclassified summary of such materials.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2014-04-29 00:00:00

Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2014 - Amends the federal criminal code to authorize an owner of a trade secret who is aggrieved by an act of economic espionage, theft of a trade secret, or misappropriation of a trade secret that is related to a product or service used in, or intended for use in, interstate or foreign commerce to bring a civil action under this Act (current law authorizes the Attorney General to bring a civil action to obtain injunctive relief against any violation of provisions regarding the protection of trade secrets).

Authorizes the court, based on an affidavit or verified complaint satisfying the requirements of this Act, upon ex parte application and if the court finds that issuing the order is necessary to prevent irreparable harm, to issue appropriate orders: (1) providing for the preservation of evidence in the civil action, including by making a copy of an electronic storage medium that contains the trade secret; (2) granting an injunction to prevent any actual or threatened violation, (3) requiring affirmative actions to be taken to protect a trade secret; or (4) providing for the seizure of any property used to commit or facilitate the commission of an alleged violation, except that such an order may not provide for the seizure of any property that is merely incidental to the alleged violation unless necessary to preserve evidence or shall provide for the seizure of any property in a manner that does not interrupt normal and legitimate business operations unrelated to the trade secret.

Makes applicable to such ex parte applications and seizure orders specified requirements of the Trademark Act of 1946 regarding ex parte applications and seizure orders in civil actions arising out of the use of counterfeit marks in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods or services.

Authorizes a court in a civil action brought under this Act to: (1) grant an injunction to prevent any violation, to require affirmative actions to be taken to protect a trade secret, and to condition future use upon payment of a reasonable royalty for no longer than the period use could have been prohibited; (2) award damages for actual loss, damages for unjust enrichment, and (in lieu of damages measured by any other methods) damages caused by misappropriation measured by imposition of liability for a reasonable royalty for the unauthorized disclosure or use of a trade secret; (3) award exemplary treble damages if the trade secret is willfully or maliciously misappropriated; and (4) award reasonable attorney's fees to the prevailing party if a claim of misappropriation is made in bad faith, a motion to terminate an injunction is made or opposed in bad faith, or a trade secret is willfully and maliciously misappropriated.

Establishes a five-year limitations period, beginning when the misappropriation is discovered or should have been discovered.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Foreign trade and international finance
Date: 2014-05-22 00:00:00

Deter Cyber Theft Act of 2014 - Requires the President to report annually to Congress on foreign countries that engage in economic and industrial espionage in cyberspace with respect to U.S. trade secrets or proprietary information. Requires each report to: (1) identify countries that engage in such espionage, including countries that facilitate, support, fail to prosecute, or otherwise permit such espionage; (2) specify the countries that engage in the most egregious forms of such espionage; and (3) describe actions taken and progress made by the President to decrease the prevalence of such espionage.

Authorizes the President to block and prohibit transactions in property, and interests in property, of a foreign person the President determines knowingly requests, engages in, supports, facilitates, or benefits from the significant appropriation, through economic or industrial espionage in cyberspace, of technologies or proprietary information developed by U.S. persons if such property and interests in property: (1) are in the United States; (2) come within the United States; or (3) are, or come within, the possession or control of a U.S. person. Prohibits the President from imposing sanctions on the importation of goods under such authority.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: Armed forces and national security
Date: 2015-01-06 00:00:00

Rightsizing Activities of Intelligence Non-Governmental Contractors Act of 2015 or the RAINC Act

Requires the Director of National Intelligence: (1) to study the extent to which contractors are used in the conduct of intelligence activities and the type of information to which such contractors have access; (2) by December 31, 2015, to submit a report containing the results of the study and a plan for reducing the number of intelligence community contractors with top secret security clearances that are engaged in intelligence activities, including analysis, by 25%; and (3) by December 31, 2016, to make such reduction.
Topic: Defense — Intelligence
Subject: International affairs
Date: 2015-01-06 00:00:00

Civilian Contractors Engaged in Intelligence Activities Reduction Act of 2015

Requires the Director of National Intelligence: (1) to study the extent to which contractors are used in the conduct of intelligence activities and the type of information to which such contractors have access; (2) by December 31, 2015, to submit a report containing the results of the study and a plan for reducing the number of intelligence community contractors with top secret security clearances that are engaged in intelligence activities, including analysis, by 25%; and (3) by December 31, 2016, to make such reduction.