jiayi-li23/proxann_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Commerce
Date: 2015-04-21 00:00:00

Data Breach Notification and Punishing Cyber Criminals Act of 2015

Requires certain commercial entities that acquire, maintain, store, or utilize individuals' nonpublic personal information to protect and secure any such data that is held unencrypted in electronic form.

Directs entities that own or license such data, following discovery of a security breach, to notify each individual U.S. citizen or resident: (1) whose personal information is reasonably believed to have been accessed and acquired by an unauthorized person; or (2) who may be at risk of identity theft, fraud, actual financial harm, or other unlawful conduct.

Requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to designate a federal entity to receive information from commercial entities regarding breaches, incidents, threats, and vulnerabilities. Requires the DHS-designated entity to provide such information to: (1) the U.S. Secret Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation; (2) the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for civil law enforcement purposes; and (3) other federal agencies for law enforcement, national security, or data security purposes.

Directs entities to notify the DHS-designated entity if a breach involves: (1) the personal information of more than 1,000 individuals, (2) a data system containing the personal information of more than 250,000 individuals, (3) federal databases, or (4) the personal information of primarily federal employees and contractors involved in national security or law enforcement.

Provides alternative compliance procedures for: (1) third parties that maintain personal data in electronic form on behalf of another entity, and (2) certain electronic data service providers.

Sets forth FTC enforcement authority.

Exempts from the requirements of this Act: (1) financial institutions subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and (2) entities subject to health information privacy regulations. Provides for the requirements of this Act to apply to certain entities in place of security practices and notification standards currently enforced by the Federal Communications Commission.

Increases maximum fines or terms of imprisonment for certain cyber-related criminal offenses involving identity theft or fraud.

Directs the Department of State to consult with governments of countries in which international cyber criminals are physically present (if the countries do not have a mutual legal assistance or an extradition treaty with the United States) to determine what actions those governments have taken to prosecute and prevent cyber or intellectual property crimes against U.S. interests or citizens.

Preempts certain state data security laws.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Science, technology, communications
Date: 2015-04-23 00:00:00

Smartphone Theft Prevention Act of 2015

Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to require commercial mobile service providers to make available on smartphones, in coordination with smartphone manufacturers and operating system providers, a function that an account holder may use remotely to: (1) delete or render inaccessible all information on the smartphone relating to the account holder, (2) render the smartphone inoperable on the global networks of such service providers, (3) prevent reactivation or reprogramming without a passcode or similar authorization after the smartphone has been rendered inoperable or has been subject to an unauthorized factory reset, and (4) restore personal information from the smartphone onto a compatible or interoperable device.

Requires service providers to ensure that smartphones: (1) prompt the account holder to enable such functions during the initial setup process, and (2) allow only the account holder to opt out.

Prohibits a smartphone from being manufactured in the United States or imported into the United States for sale or resale to the public, unless the smartphone is configured in such a manner that a service provider may comply with such functionality requirements.

Prohibits service providers from charging a fee for making available such functions, the initial prompt, and the ability to opt out.

Directs the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to establish a common national framework for smartphone anti-theft measures to protect consumers.

Requires the FCC to determine whether this Act should apply to tablets with commercial mobile services.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Education
Date: 2015-05-13 00:00:00

Protecting Student Privacy Act of 2015

Amends the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 to prohibit programs administered by the Department of Education from making funds available to any educational agency or institution that has not implemented information security policies that: (1) protect personally identifiable information (PII) from education records, and (2) require each outside party to whom PII from education records is disclosed to have a comprehensive security program to protect such information.

Defines "outside party" as a person that is not an employee, officer, or volunteer of the educational agency or institution or of a government agency. Includes within such term any contractor or consultant acting as a school official or authorized representative or in any other capacity.

 Prohibits such funds from being made available to any educational agency or institution that has a policy or practice of using, releasing, or providing access to PII to advertise or market a product or service.

Requires state agencies receiving such funds, and each educational agency or institution, to ensure that any outside party with access to such records: (1) provides parents access to any PII it holds about their students; (2) provides a process to challenge, correct, or delete any inaccurate, misleading, or inappropriate data through a hearing by the agency or institution providing the outside party with access; (3) maintains a record of all individuals, agencies, or organizations that have requested or obtained access to the education records of a student; and (4) has information security procedures in place.

Prohibits funds from being made available to any educational agency or institution, or any state educational agency, unless the agency or institution has a practice that: (1) promotes data minimization by meeting requests for student information with non-PII, and (2) requires that PII held by any outside party be destroyed when the information is no longer needed for the specified purpose.

Directs educational agencies and institutions to maintain a record of all outside parties which have requested or obtained access to a student's education records. Requires such record to describe the information shared and to indicate specifically the party's legitimate interest in obtaining this information.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Taxation
Date: 2015-05-13 00:00:00

Social Security Identity Defense Act of 2015

This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to the disclosure of tax return information in cases of identity theft, to require the Department of the Treasury to: (1) disclose to the holder of a valid social security account number that there is reason to believe that there has been a fraudulent use of such account number; and (2) disclose to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) such social security account number, that there is reason to believe that such account number has been fraudulently used in the employment context, and the taxpayer identity information of the individual who was assigned such account number.

The bill authorizes the FBI and DOJ to disclose taxpayer information to appropriate federal, state, and local law enforcement officials solely for purposes of carrying out criminal investigations or prosecutions.

The bill also imposes new criminal and civil penalties for tax-related identity theft and misappropriation of tax identification numbers.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Education
Date: 2015-05-14 00:00:00

Student Privacy Protection Act

Amends the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) to prohibit funding of educational agencies or institutions that allow third parties to access student data, unless:

 the agency or institution, prior to receiving parental consent, notifies parents of the data that would be accessed, that the data will be made available to the third party only if the parent consents, that the parent has the ability to access and correct inaccurate data, and that the agency or institution and the outside party are liable for violations; the agency or institution can ensure that the data cannot be used to determine the student's identity; the student data remains the property of the agency or institution and is destroyed when the individual is no longer served by the agency or institution; and the third party agrees to be liable for FERPA violations. Extends FERPA rights to parents of any students for whom the agency or institution maintains student data, including home-schooled students who do not attend such agency or institution.

Removes an exception that allows educational agencies or institutions to permit the release of student educational records without parental consent to organizations studying predictive tests, student aid programs, and instruction.

Requires parental consent before authorized representatives under the direct control of the Comptroller General, the Department of Education (ED), or state educational authorities may access records for: (1) audits and evaluations of federally supported education programs administered by state or local public education agencies or institutions, or (2) enforcement of federal legal requirements.

Prohibits ED or fund-receiving educational agencies or institutions from appending student data with personally identifiable information obtained from federal or state agencies through data matches.

Bars funds from being used to: (1) track a student's educational and career progression activities, or (2) obligate an elementary or secondary school student to involuntarily select a career or related job training.

Requires aggregation, anonymization, and de-identification of student data permitted to be released or collected under various exceptions.

Makes federal agencies and fund-receiving educational agencies, institutions, and third parties that fail to comply with FERPA civilly liable for a monetary award to affected persons.

Prohibits psychological testing or predictive modeling of behaviors, beliefs, or value systems. Bars video monitoring or computer camera surveillance without a public hearing and consent of teachers and parents.

Prohibits surveys soliciting specified information about students or their families, including information on political affiliation, religious practices, or gun ownership.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Civil rights and liberties, minority issues
Date: 2015-06-17 00:00:00

Protecting Individuals From Mass Aerial Surveillance Act of 2015

Prohibits a federal entity from using unmanned aircraft or other mobile aerial-view devices (MAVDs) to: (1) surveil property, persons, or their effects; or (2) gather evidence pertaining to known or suspected criminal conduct, or conduct that violates a statute or regulation.

Sets forth exceptions that allow MAVDs to be used by federal entities to:

 surveil national borders to prevent or deter illegal entry of persons or illegal substances; prevent imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm to a specific individual, counter an imminent risk of a terrorist attack by a specific individual or organization, prevent imminent destruction of evidence, or counter an imminent or actual escape of a criminal or terrorist suspect; monitor or research environmental, geologic, or weather-related damage and events, including forest fires, erosion, floods, wildlife, habitats, or illegal vegetation on public lands; or acquire information about an individual who consents to the use of an MAVD. Allows law enforcement parties to use an MAVD to surveil specific property, persons, or their effects pursuant to a search and seizure warrant.

Prohibits a federal entity actor from making an intentional effort to identify an individual from, or associate an individual with, the information collected under certain exceptions to the prohibition on the use of MAVDs. Bars disclosure of collected information except to another federal entity or state, tribal, or local government agency that agrees to be bound by the restrictions in this Act.

Prohibits federal entities from: (1) soliciting or awarding contracts to surveil by MAVD for a federal entity, unless the federal entity has existing authority for such surveillance; or (2) purchasing information obtained from MAVD surveillance by a nonfederal entity if such information contains personal information, except with the consent of the affected persons.

Prohibits this Act from being construed to preempt any state law regarding the use of MAVDs exclusively within the borders of that state.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Law
Date: 2015-06-17 00:00:00

Judicial Redress Act of 2015

Authorizes the Department of Justice (DOJ) to designate foreign countries or regional economic integration organizations whose natural citizens may bring civil actions under the Privacy Act of 1974 against certain U.S. government agencies for purposes of accessing, amending, or redressing unlawful disclosures of records maintained by an agency.

Allows DOJ, with the concurrence of the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of Homeland Security, to designate countries or organizations whose citizens may pursue such civil remedies if the person's country or organization has appropriate privacy protections for sharing information with the United States to prevent, investigate, detect, or prosecute criminal offenses.

Exempts DOJ's designations from judicial or administrative review.

Grants the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia exclusive jurisdiction over any claim arising under this Act.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Government operations and politics
Date: 2015-07-09 00:00:00

Reducing the Effects of the Cyberattack on OPM Victims Emergency Response Act of 2015 or the RECOVER Act

Requires the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to provide each individual whose personally identifiable information was compromised during data breaches of personnel records of federal employees in a network maintained by the Department of the Interior or in OPM systems containing federal employee background investigations with comprehensive identity protection coverage that is effective for the life of the individual and that includes not less than $5 million in identity theft insurance.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Health
Date: 2015-07-22 00:00:00

Defund Planned Parenthood Act of 2015

This bill prohibits, for a one-year period, the availability of federal funds for any purpose to Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., or any of its affiliates or clinics, unless they certify that the affiliates and clinics will not perform, and will not provide any funds to any other entity that performs, an abortion during such period.

The restriction will not apply in cases of rape or incest or where a physical condition endangers a woman's life unless an abortion is performed.

The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Agriculture must seek repayment of federal assistance received by Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., or any affiliate or clinic, if it violates the terms of the certification required by this Act.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2015-07-28 00:00:00

This bill directs the Attorney General to request that a division of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia appoint a special prosecutor to: (1) determine whether any action taken by Planned Parenthood Federation of America or any other entity that receives federal funds and conducts abortions or that provides funds to any other entity that conducts abortions violated any federal law relating to abortion, including the inappropriate change of abortion procedure, the use of fetus tissue following an abortion, or the use of federal funds for abortion; and (2) prosecute, if warranted, any such violation.

The bill rescinds the unobligated balance of any federal funds provided to the Planned Parenthood and any affiliate state or local office and makes such amounts available to the special prosecutor to carry out activities under this Act.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Health
Date: 2015-08-03 00:00:00

This bill prohibits federal funding of any affiliate, subsidiary, successor, or clinic of Planned Parenthood Federation of America that receives compensation for facilitating the donation of fetal tissue from an abortion.

Not later than 90 days after enactment of this Act, the Department of Justice must investigate whether Planned Parenthood Federation of America or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries, successors, or clinics has engaged in illegal activity pertaining to fetal tissue products.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Health
Date: 2015-08-04 00:00:00

Health Care Conscience Rights Act

Amends title I of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to declare that nothing in that title requires an individual to purchase individual health insurance coverage that includes coverage of an abortion or other item or service to which the individual has a moral or religious objection, or prevent an issuer from offering coverage excluding such item or service to that individual.

Denies that title I requires a health plan sponsor or a health insurance issuer to cover an item or service to which the sponsor or issuer has a moral or religious objection.

Denies also that title I authorizes imposition of a tax, penalty, fee, fine, or other sanction, or imposition of coverage of such an item or service, on health insurance coverage that excludes such an item or service.

Amends the Public Health Service Act to codify the prohibition against any action by the federal government and any state or local government receiving federal financial assistance to subject a health professional, or health care facility, organization, or plan to discrimination on the basis that the entity refuses to participate in abortion-related activities.

Requires the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to designate the Director of the Office for Civil Rights of HHS to receive and investigate complaints alleging a violation of this abortion discrimination prohibition.

Creates a cause of action for the Attorney General or any person or entity adversely affected to obtain equitable or legal relief for any violation of this abortion discrimination prohibition. Allows commencement of an action and the granting of relief without a prerequisite pursuit of administrative remedies. Allows such an action against a federal or state governmental entity.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Government operations and politics
Date: 2015-08-05 00:00:00

Federal Computer Security Act

Directs the Inspector General of each executive agency that operates a federal computer system that provides access to classified information or personally identifiable information to submit to the Comptroller General and specified congressional committees a report that includes:

 a description of the logical access standards used by the agency to access such system, including whether the agency is using multi-factor logical access controls for such access; if the agency does not use such access controls, a description of the reasons for not doing so; a description of the data security management practices used by the agency, including the policies and procedures for conducting inventories of software and associated licenses, an indication that the agency has entered into a licensing agreement for the use of software security controls to monitor and detect threats, or an explanation for why it has not entered such an agreement; and a description of agency policies and procedures for ensuring that entities that provide services to the agency are implementing data security management practices. Directs the Comptroller General to submit a report on any impediments to agency use of effective security software and security devices.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Crime and law enforcement
Date: 2015-09-22 00:00:00

Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

This bill amends the federal criminal code to require any health care practitioner who is present when a child is born alive following an abortion or attempted abortion to: (1) exercise the same degree of care as reasonably provided to any other child born alive at the same gestational age, and (2) ensure that such child is immediately admitted to a hospital. The term "born alive" means the complete expulsion or extraction from his or her mother, at any stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut.

Also, a health care practitioner or other employee who has knowledge of a failure to comply with these requirements must immediately report such failure to an appropriate law enforcement agency.

An individual who violates the provisions of this Act is subject to a criminal fine, up to five years in prison, or both.

An individual who commits an overt act that kills a child born alive is subject to criminal prosecution for murder.

The legislation bars the criminal prosecution of a mother of a child born alive for conspiracy to violate the provisions of this Act, for being an accessory after the fact, or for concealment of felony.

A woman who undergoes an abortion or attempted abortion may file a civil action for damages against an individual who violates this Act.
Topic: Civil Rights — Right to Privacy
Subject: Health
Date: 2015-10-07 00:00:00

Women's Public Health and Safety Act

This bill amends title XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act to allow a state to exclude from participation in the state's Medicaid program a provider that performs an abortion, unless: (1) the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest, or (2) the woman suffers from a physical issue that would place her in danger of death unless an abortion is performed. (Under current law, a state plan for medical assistance must provide that any individual eligible for medical assistance may obtain required services from any provider qualified to perform them.)