Goitre

Columns: Cause | Pathophysiology | Resultant thyroid activity | Growth pattern
Iodine deficiency | Hyperplasia of thyroid to compensate for decreased efficacy | Can cause hypothyroidism | Diffuse | Congenital hypothyroidism | Inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis | Hypothyroidism | Hashimoto 's thyroiditis | Autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed . Infiltration of lymphocytes | Hypothyroidism | Diffuse and lobulated | Pituitary disease | Hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone , almost always by a pituitary adenoma | Diffuse | Graves ' disease - also called Basedow syndrome | Autoantibodies ( TSHR-Ab ) that activate the TSH -receptor ( TSHR ) | Hyperthyroidism | Diffuse | Thyroiditis | Acute or chronic inflammation | Can be hyperthyroidism initially , but progress to hypothyroidism | Thyroid cancer | Usually uninodular | Benign thyroid neoplasms | Usually hyperthyroidism | Usually uninodular | Thyroid hormone insensitivity | Secretional hyperthyroidism , Symptomatic hypothyroidism | Diffuse

Example questions:
An excess production of what hormone is associated with the cause for which most patients are 25 to 65 years old at diagnosis ? | What effect on the organ does the pathophysiology have that is associated with a preventable cause of intellectual disability ? | What is the cause associated with the pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid also known as ? | The cause also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis results in thyroid activity whose most common cause is what ?

Answers:
thyroid hormones | gross enlargement | toxic diffuse goiter | too little iodine in the diet