31st United States Congress

Columns: State ( class ) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor 's formal installation
Illinois ( 3 ) | James Shields ( D ) | Senate voided election March 6 , 1849 , as Sen. Shields was determined not to have been a US citizen for the number of years required by the Constitution . Incumbent was re-elected October 27 , 1849 , having by then qualified | James Shields ( D ) | Seated December 3 , 1849 | Maryland ( 1 ) | Reverdy Johnson ( W ) | Resigned March 7 , 1849 , having been appointed United States Attorney General | David Stewart ( W ) | Appointed December 6 , 1849 | Alabama ( 2 ) | Benjamin Fitzpatrick ( D ) | Sen. Dixon Lewis successor elected November 30 , 1849 | Jeremiah Clemens ( D ) | Elected November 30 , 1849 | Maryland ( 1 ) | David Stewart ( W ) | Successor elected January 12 , 1850 | Thomas Pratt ( W ) | Elected January 12 , 1850 | South Carolina ( 2 ) | John C. Calhoun ( D ) | Died March 31 , 1850 | Franklin H. Elmore ( D ) | Appointed April 11 , 1850 | South Carolina ( 2 ) | Franklin H. Elmore ( D ) | Died May 29 , 1850 | Robert W. Barnwell ( D ) | Appointed June 4 , 1850 | Ohio ( 1 ) | Thomas Corwin ( W ) | Resigned July 20 , 1850 , after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | Thomas Ewing ( W ) | Appointed July 20 , 1850 | Massachusetts ( 1 ) | Daniel Webster ( W ) | Resigned July 22 , 1850 , after being appointed United States Secretary of State | Robert C. Winthrop ( W ) | Appointed July 30 , 1850 | California ( 1 ) | New state | California admitted to the Union September 9 , 1850 . The first Senator was elected September 10 , 1850 | John C. Frémont ( D ) | Elected September 10 , 1850 | California ( 3 ) | New state | California admitted to the Union September 9 , 1850 . The first Senator was elected September 10 , 1850 | William M. Gwin ( D ) | Elected September 10 , 1850 | South Carolina ( 2 ) | Robert W. Barnwell ( D ) | Successor elected December 18 , 1850 | Robert Rhett ( D ) | Elected December 18 , 1850 | Massachusetts ( 1 ) | Robert C. Winthrop ( W ) | Successor elected February 1 , 1851 | Robert Rantoul , Jr. ( D ) | Elected February 1 , 1851

Example questions:
Who succeeded the man born on May 21 , 1796 as Senator in the US Congress ? | Who succeeded the politician as a US Senator who established a successful legal practice in Portsmouth , New Hampshire after undergoing a legal apprenticeship ? | When was the politician who graduated from the South Carolina College at Columbia in 1819 appointed as a US Senator in Congress ? | Who succeeded the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama and was a member of the Senate in the 31st US Congress ?

Answers:
David Stewart | Robert C. Winthrop | Appointed April 11 , 1850 | Jeremiah Clemens