List of former national capitals

Columns: Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change , reason
Bonn | Germany , West | Germany | 1949 | 1990 | Moved to Berlin after re-unification of Germany . Bonn retained as the German seat of government until 1999 | East Berlin | Germany , East | Germany | 1949 | 1990 | East Berlin and West Berlin merged to form reunified Berlin , country ceased to exist after reunification of Germany | Hanover | Hanover , Kingdom of | Germany | 1814 | 1866 | Hanover annexed by Prussia , became capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover , currently the capital of the German state of Lower Saxony | Darmstadt | Hesse-Darmstadt , Landgraviate of , Hesse , Grand Duchy of | Germany | 1567 | 1918 | Hesse-Darmstadt became part of the German Empire in 1871 , and lost sovereignty fully in 1918 . Darmstadt remained the capital of the German People 's State of Hesse until 1945 | Kassel | Hesse-Darmstadt , Landgraviate of , Hesse-Kassel , Landgraviate of , Hesse , Electorate of | Germany | 1277 | 1866 | Hesse-Kassel annexed by Prussia in 1866 ; Kassel became capital of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau | Wiesbaden | Nassau , Duchy of | Germany | 1816 | 1866 | Nassau annexed by Prussia , currently the capital of the German state of Hesse

Example questions:
What is the population of the city that was once the national capital of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1815 ? | A border city that was former national capital in North Rine-Westphalia was in an empire that went over which mountain range ? | What pejorative connotation does the city that was the former national capital of France from 1940 to 1944 hold ? | Which mountains does the city that was a former national capital of Duchy of Brunswick from 1815 to 1918 lie north of ?

Answers:
2.3 million | Pyrenees | collaboration | Harz mountains