List of laser types

Columns: Laser gain medium and type | Operation wavelength ( s ) | Pump source | Applications and notes
Neodymium glass ( Nd : Glass ) laser | ~1.062 μm ( silicate glasses ) , ~1.054 μm ( phosphate glasses ) | Flashlamp , laser diode | Used in extremely high-power ( terawatt scale ) , high-energy ( megajoules ) multiple beam systems for inertial confinement fusion . Nd : Glass lasers are usually frequency tripled to the third harmonic at 351 nm in laser fusion devices | Titanium sapphire ( Ti : sapphire ) laser | 650-1100 nm | Other laser | Spectroscopy , LIDAR , research . This material is often used in highly-tunable mode-locked infrared lasers to produce ultrashort pulses and in amplifier lasers to produce ultrashort and ultra-intense pulses | Thulium YAG ( Tm : YAG ) laser | 2.0 μm | Laser diode | LIDAR | Ytterbium YAG ( Yb : YAG ) laser | 1.03 μm | Laser diode , flashlamp | Laser cooling , materials processing , ultrashort pulse research , multiphoton microscopy , LIDAR | Ytterbium : 2 O 3 ( glass or ceramics ) laser | 1.03 μm | Laser diode | Ultrashort pulse research , | Ytterbium -doped glass laser ( rod , plate/chip , and fiber ) | 1. μm | Laser diode | Fiber version is capable of producing several-kilowatt continuous power , having ~70-80% optical-to-optical and ~25% electrical-to-optical efficiency . Material processing : cutting , welding , marking ; nonlinear fiber optics : broadband fiber-nonlinearity based sources , pump for fiber Raman lasers ; distributed Raman amplification pump for telecommunications | Holmium YAG ( Ho : YAG ) laser | 2.1 μm | Laser diode | Tissue ablation , kidney stone removal , dentistry

Example questions:
What is the pump source of the solid-state laser that uses an element that was discovered through isolation by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve ? | What is the pump source of the solid-state type of laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet ? | Which solid-state type of laser is used to treat urolithiasis ? | What is the operational wavelength of the solid-state laser that uses the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series ?

Answers:
Laser diode | Laser diode | Holmium | 2.0 μm