Diuretic

Columns: Examples | Mechanism | Location ( numbered in distance along nephron )
- | ethanol , water | Inhibits vasopressin secretion | Acidifying salts | calcium chloride , ammonium chloride | 1 | Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists | amphotericin B , lithium | Inhibits vasopressin 's action | 5. collecting duct | Selective vasopressin V2 antagonist ( sometimes called aquaretics ) | tolvaptan , conivaptan | Competitive vasopressin antagonism leads to decreased number of aquaporin channels in the apical membrane of the renal collecting ducts in kidneys , causing decreased water reabsorption . This causes an increase in renal free water excretion ( aquaresis ) , an increase in serum sodium concentration , a decrease in urine osmolality , and an increase in urine output | 5. collecting duct | Na-H exchanger antagonists | dopamine | Promotes Na excretion | 2. proximal tubule | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | acetazolamide , dorzolamide | Inhibits H secretion , resultant promotion of Na and K excretion | 2. proximal tubule | Loop diuretics | bumetanide , ethacrynic acid , furosemide , torsemide | Inhibits the Na-K-2Cl symporter | 3. medullary thick ascending limb | Osmotic diuretics | glucose ( especially in uncontrolled diabetes ) , mannitol | Promotes osmotic diuresis | 2. proximal tubule , descending limb | Potassium-sparing diuretics | amiloride , spironolactone , eplerenone , triamterene , potassium canrenoate | Inhibition of Na+/K+ exchanger : Spironolactone inhibits aldosterone action , Amiloride inhibits epithelial sodium channels | 5. cortical collecting ducts | Thiazides | bendroflumethiazide , hydrochlorothiazide | Inhibits reabsorption by Na /Cl symporter | 4. distal convoluted tubules | Xanthines | caffeine , theophylline , theobromine | Inhibits reabsorption of Na , increase glomerular filtration rate | 1. tubules

Example questions:
For the chemical C2H6O , what is the compound resulting from the mechanism that takes place in the hypothalamus ? | Which location of the body does the diuretic drug under the trade name Diamox , gets absorbed ? | Which neurotransmitter is released from location that begins from the renal pole of the Bowman 's capsule ? | What area of the body is the most abundant monosaccharide located at ?

Answers:
AVP | proximal tubule | dopamine | proximal tubule