Title

Columns: Male version | Female version | Realm | Adjective | Latin | Examples
Emperor | Empress | Empire | Imperial Imperial and Royal ( Austria ) | Imperator ( Imperatrix ) | Roman Empire , Byzantine Empire , Ottoman Empire , Holy Roman Empire , Russia , First and Second French Empire , Austria , Mexican Empire , Empire of Brazil , German Empire ( none left in Europe after 1918 ) , Empress of India ( ceased to be used after 1947 when India was granted independence from the British Empire ) , Japan ( the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world ) | King | Queen | Kingdom | Royal | Rex ( Regina ) | Common in larger sovereign states | Viceroy | Vicereine | Viceroyalty | Viceroyal | Proconsul | Historical : Spanish Empire ( Peru , New Spain , Rio de la Plata , New Granada ) , Portuguese Empire , ( India , Brazil ) , British Empire | Grand Duke | Grand Duchess | Grand duchy | Grand Ducal | Magnus Dux | Today : Luxembourg ; historical : Lithuania , Baden , Finland , Tuscany et al | Archduke | Archduchess | Archduchy | Archducal | Arci Dux | Historical : Unique only in Austria , Archduchy of Austria ; title used for member of the Habsburg dynasty | Prince | Princess | Principality , Princely state | Princely | Princeps | Today : Monaco , Liechtenstein , Asturies , Wales ; Andorra ( Co-Princes ) . Historical : Albania , Serbia | Duke | Duchess | Duchy | Ducal | Dux | Duke of Buccleuch , Duke of York , Duke of Devonshire et al | Count | Countess | County | Comital | Comes | Most common in the Holy Roman Empire , translated in German as Graf ; historical : Portugal , Barcelona , Brandenburg , Baden , numerous others | Baron | Baroness | Barony | Baronial | Baro | There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies , a sovereign barony can be compared with a principality , however , this is an historical exception ; sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony , but only the title and style | Chief | Chieftess | Chieftaincy , Chiefdom | Chiefly | Tribunus | The clan chiefs of Scotland , the grand chiefs in the Papua New Guinean honours system , the chief of the Cherokee nation , the chiefs of the Nigerian traditional rulers , numerous others | Pope | There is no formal feminine of Pope ( Popess ) | Papacy | Papal | Papa | Monarch of the Papal States and later Sovereign of the State of Vatican City

Example questions:
What is the male leader called in a tribal society in English-speaking areas ? | In what type of realm is the male leader a monarch , and usually the sovereign ruler ? | In English-speaking areas what is the female monarch called in the country with a population of 613,894 ? | In English-speaking areas what adjective is used to describe the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church ?

Answers:
Chief | Empire | Grand Duchess | Papal