//  [c]
codegen(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int val)
{
  int nt;
  int rlev = s->rlev;

  if (!tree) {
    if (val) {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      push();
    }
    return;
  }

  s->rlev++;
  if (s->rlev > MRB_CODEGEN_LEVEL_MAX) {
    codegen_error(s, "too complex expression");
  }
  if (s->irep && s->filename_index != tree->filename_index) {
    mrb_sym fname = mrb_parser_get_filename(s->parser, s->filename_index);
    const char *filename = mrb_sym_name_len(s->mrb, fname, NULL);

    mrb_debug_info_append_file(s->mrb, s->irep->debug_info,
                               filename, s->lines, s->debug_start_pos, s->pc);
    s->debug_start_pos = s->pc;
    s->filename_index = tree->filename_index;
    s->filename_sym = mrb_parser_get_filename(s->parser, tree->filename_index);
  }

  nt = nint(tree->car);
  s->lineno = tree->lineno;
  tree = tree->cdr;
  switch (nt) {
  case NODE_BEGIN:
    if (val && !tree) {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      push();
    }
    while (tree) {
      codegen(s, tree->car, tree->cdr ? NOVAL : val);
      tree = tree->cdr;
    }
    break;

  case NODE_RESCUE:
    {
      int noexc;
      uint32_t exend, pos1, pos2, tmp;
      struct loopinfo *lp;
      int catch_entry, begin, end;

      if (tree->car == NULL) goto exit;
      lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_BEGIN);
      lp->pc0 = new_label(s);
      catch_entry = catch_handler_new(s);
      begin = s->pc;
      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      pop();
      lp->type = LOOP_RESCUE;
      end = s->pc;
      noexc = genjmp_0(s, OP_JMP);
      catch_handler_set(s, catch_entry, MRB_CATCH_RESCUE, begin, end, s->pc);
      tree = tree->cdr;
      exend = JMPLINK_START;
      pos1 = JMPLINK_START;
      if (tree->car) {
        node *n2 = tree->car;
        int exc = cursp();

        genop_1(s, OP_EXCEPT, exc);
        push();
        while (n2) {
          node *n3 = n2->car;
          node *n4 = n3->car;

          dispatch(s, pos1);
          pos2 = JMPLINK_START;
          do {
            if (n4 && n4->car && nint(n4->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT) {
              codegen(s, n4->car, VAL);
              gen_move(s, cursp(), exc, 0);
              push_n(2); pop_n(2); /* space for one arg and a block */
              pop();
              genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, __case_eqq)), 1);
            }
            else {
              if (n4) {
                codegen(s, n4->car, VAL);
              }
              else {
                genop_2(s, OP_GETCONST, cursp(), new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, StandardError)));
                push();
              }
              pop();
              genop_2(s, OP_RESCUE, exc, cursp());
            }
            tmp = genjmp2(s, OP_JMPIF, cursp(), pos2, val);
            pos2 = tmp;
            if (n4) {
              n4 = n4->cdr;
            }
          } while (n4);
          pos1 = genjmp_0(s, OP_JMP);
          dispatch_linked(s, pos2);

          pop();
          if (n3->cdr->car) {
            gen_assignment(s, n3->cdr->car, NULL, exc, NOVAL);
          }
          if (n3->cdr->cdr->car) {
            codegen(s, n3->cdr->cdr->car, val);
            if (val) pop();
          }
          tmp = genjmp(s, OP_JMP, exend);
          exend = tmp;
          n2 = n2->cdr;
          push();
        }
        if (pos1 != JMPLINK_START) {
          dispatch(s, pos1);
          genop_1(s, OP_RAISEIF, exc);
        }
      }
      pop();
      tree = tree->cdr;
      dispatch(s, noexc);
      if (tree->car) {
        codegen(s, tree->car, val);
      }
      else if (val) {
        push();
      }
      dispatch_linked(s, exend);
      loop_pop(s, NOVAL);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_ENSURE:
    if (!tree->cdr || !tree->cdr->cdr ||
        (nint(tree->cdr->cdr->car) == NODE_BEGIN &&
         tree->cdr->cdr->cdr)) {
      int catch_entry, begin, end, target;
      int idx;

      catch_entry = catch_handler_new(s);
      begin = s->pc;
      codegen(s, tree->car, val);
      end = target = s->pc;
      push();
      idx = cursp();
      genop_1(s, OP_EXCEPT, idx);
      push();
      codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr, NOVAL);
      pop();
      genop_1(s, OP_RAISEIF, idx);
      pop();
      catch_handler_set(s, catch_entry, MRB_CATCH_ENSURE, begin, end, target);
    }
    else {                      /* empty ensure ignored */
      codegen(s, tree->car, val);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_LAMBDA:
    if (val) {
      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree, 1);

      genop_2(s, OP_LAMBDA, cursp(), idx);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_BLOCK:
    if (val) {
      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree, 1);

      genop_2(s, OP_BLOCK, cursp(), idx);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_IF:
    {
      uint32_t pos1, pos2;
      mrb_bool nil_p = FALSE;
      node *elsepart = tree->cdr->cdr->car;

      if (!tree->car) {
        codegen(s, elsepart, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      if (true_always(tree->car)) {
        codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      if (false_always(tree->car)) {
        codegen(s, elsepart, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      if (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CALL) {
        node *n = tree->car->cdr;
        mrb_sym mid = nsym(n->cdr->car);
        mrb_sym sym_nil_p = MRB_SYM_Q_2(s->mrb, nil);
        if (mid == sym_nil_p && n->cdr->cdr->car == NULL) {
          nil_p = TRUE;
          codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
        }
      }
      if (!nil_p) {
        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      }
      pop();
      if (val || tree->cdr->car) {
        if (nil_p) {
          pos2 = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPNIL, cursp(), val);
          pos1 = genjmp_0(s, OP_JMP);
          dispatch(s, pos2);
        }
        else {
          pos1 = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), val);
        }
        codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
        if (val) pop();
        if (elsepart || val) {
          pos2 = genjmp_0(s, OP_JMP);
          dispatch(s, pos1);
          codegen(s, elsepart, val);
          dispatch(s, pos2);
        }
        else {
          dispatch(s, pos1);
        }
      }
      else {                    /* empty then-part */
        if (elsepart) {
          if (nil_p) {
            pos1 = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPNIL, cursp(), val);
          }
          else {
            pos1 = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPIF, cursp(), val);
          }
          codegen(s, elsepart, val);
          dispatch(s, pos1);
        }
        else if (val && !nil_p) {
          genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
          push();
        }
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_AND:
    {
      uint32_t pos;

      if (true_always(tree->car)) {
        codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      if (false_always(tree->car)) {
        codegen(s, tree->car, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      pop();
      pos = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), val);
      codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
      dispatch(s, pos);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_OR:
    {
      uint32_t pos;

      if (true_always(tree->car)) {
        codegen(s, tree->car, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      if (false_always(tree->car)) {
        codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
        goto exit;
      }
      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      pop();
      pos = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPIF, cursp(), val);
      codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
      dispatch(s, pos);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_WHILE:
  case NODE_UNTIL:
    {
      if (true_always(tree->car)) {
        if (nt == NODE_UNTIL) {
          if (val) {
            genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
            push();
          }
          goto exit;
        }
      }
      else if (false_always(tree->car)) {
        if (nt == NODE_WHILE) {
          if (val) {
            genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
            push();
          }
          goto exit;
        }
      }

      uint32_t pos = JMPLINK_START;
      struct loopinfo *lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_NORMAL);

      if (!val) lp->reg = -1;
      lp->pc0 = new_label(s);
      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      pop();
      if (nt == NODE_WHILE) {
        pos = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), NOVAL);
      }
      else {
        pos = genjmp2_0(s, OP_JMPIF, cursp(), NOVAL);
      }
      lp->pc1 = new_label(s);
      codegen(s, tree->cdr, NOVAL);
      genjmp(s, OP_JMP, lp->pc0);
      dispatch(s, pos);
      loop_pop(s, val);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_FOR:
    for_body(s, tree);
    if (val) push();
    break;

  case NODE_CASE:
    {
      int head = 0;
      uint32_t pos1, pos2, pos3, tmp;
      node *n;

      pos3 = JMPLINK_START;
      if (tree->car) {
        head = cursp();
        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      }
      tree = tree->cdr;
      while (tree) {
        n = tree->car->car;
        pos1 = pos2 = JMPLINK_START;
        while (n) {
          codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
          if (head) {
            gen_move(s, cursp(), head, 0);
            push(); push(); pop(); pop(); pop();
            if (nint(n->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT) {
              genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, __case_eqq)), 1);
            }
            else {
              genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), new_sym(s, MRB_OPSYM_2(s->mrb, eqq)), 1);
            }
          }
          else {
            pop();
          }
          tmp = genjmp2(s, OP_JMPIF, cursp(), pos2, NOVAL);
          pos2 = tmp;
          n = n->cdr;
        }
        if (tree->car->car) {
          pos1 = genjmp_0(s, OP_JMP);
          dispatch_linked(s, pos2);
        }
        codegen(s, tree->car->cdr, val);
        if (val) pop();
        tmp = genjmp(s, OP_JMP, pos3);
        pos3 = tmp;
        dispatch(s, pos1);
        tree = tree->cdr;
      }
      if (val) {
        uint32_t pos = cursp();
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        if (pos3 != JMPLINK_START) dispatch_linked(s, pos3);
        if (head) pop();
        if (cursp() != pos) {
          gen_move(s, cursp(), pos, 0);
        }
        push();
      }
      else {
        if (pos3 != JMPLINK_START) {
          dispatch_linked(s, pos3);
        }
        if (head) {
          pop();
        }
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SCOPE:
    scope_body(s, tree, NOVAL);
    break;

  case NODE_FCALL:
  case NODE_CALL:
    gen_call(s, tree, val, 0);
    break;
  case NODE_SCALL:
    gen_call(s, tree, val, 1);
    break;

  case NODE_DOT2:
    codegen(s, tree->car, val);
    codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
    if (val) {
      pop(); pop();
      genop_1(s, OP_RANGE_INC, cursp());
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_DOT3:
    codegen(s, tree->car, val);
    codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
    if (val) {
      pop(); pop();
      genop_1(s, OP_RANGE_EXC, cursp());
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_COLON2:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->cdr));

      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      pop();
      genop_2(s, OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_COLON3:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));

      genop_1(s, OP_OCLASS, cursp());
      genop_2(s, OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_ARRAY:
    {
      int n;

      n = gen_values(s, tree, val, 0);
      if (val) {
        if (n >= 0) {
          pop_n(n);
          genop_2(s, OP_ARRAY, cursp(), n);
        }
        push();
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_HASH:
  case NODE_KW_HASH:
    {
      int nk = gen_hash(s, tree, val, GEN_LIT_ARY_MAX);
      if (val && nk >= 0) {
        pop_n(nk*2);
        genop_2(s, OP_HASH, cursp(), nk);
        push();
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SPLAT:
    codegen(s, tree, val);
    break;

  case NODE_ASGN:
    gen_assignment(s, tree->car, tree->cdr, 0, val);
    break;

  case NODE_MASGN:
    {
      int len = 0, n = 0, post = 0;
      node *t = tree->cdr, *p;
      int rhs = cursp();

      if (nint(t->car) == NODE_ARRAY && t->cdr && nosplat(t->cdr)) {
        /* fixed rhs */
        t = t->cdr;
        while (t) {
          codegen(s, t->car, VAL);
          len++;
          t = t->cdr;
        }
        tree = tree->car;
        if (tree->car) {                /* pre */
          t = tree->car;
          n = 0;
          while (t) {
            if (n < len) {
              gen_assignment(s, t->car, NULL, rhs+n, NOVAL);
              n++;
            }
            else {
              genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, rhs+n);
              gen_assignment(s, t->car, NULL, rhs+n, NOVAL);
            }
            t = t->cdr;
          }
        }
        t = tree->cdr;
        if (t) {
          if (t->cdr) {         /* post count */
            p = t->cdr->car;
            while (p) {
              post++;
              p = p->cdr;
            }
          }
          if (t->car) {         /* rest (len - pre - post) */
            int rn;

            if (len < post + n) {
              rn = 0;
            }
            else {
              rn = len - post - n;
            }
            genop_3(s, OP_ARRAY2, cursp(), rhs+n, rn);
            gen_assignment(s, t->car, NULL, cursp(), NOVAL);
            n += rn;
          }
          if (t->cdr && t->cdr->car) {
            t = t->cdr->car;
            while (n<len) {
              gen_assignment(s, t->car, NULL, rhs+n, NOVAL);
              t = t->cdr;
              n++;
            }
          }
        }
        pop_n(len);
        if (val) {
          genop_2(s, OP_ARRAY, rhs, len);
          push();
        }
      }
      else {
        /* variable rhs */
        codegen(s, t, VAL);
        gen_vmassignment(s, tree->car, rhs, val);
        if (!val) {
          pop();
        }
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_OP_ASGN:
    {
      mrb_sym sym = nsym(tree->cdr->car);
      mrb_int len;
      const char *name = mrb_sym_name_len(s->mrb, sym, &len);
      int idx, callargs = -1, vsp = -1;

      if ((len == 2 && name[0] == '|' && name[1] == '|') &&
          (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CONST ||
           nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CVAR)) {
        int catch_entry, begin, end;
        int noexc, exc;
        struct loopinfo *lp;

        lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_BEGIN);
        lp->pc0 = new_label(s);
        catch_entry = catch_handler_new(s);
        begin = s->pc;
        exc = cursp();
        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
        end = s->pc;
        noexc = genjmp_0(s, OP_JMP);
        lp->type = LOOP_RESCUE;
        catch_handler_set(s, catch_entry, MRB_CATCH_RESCUE, begin, end, s->pc);
        genop_1(s, OP_EXCEPT, exc);
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADF, exc);
        dispatch(s, noexc);
        loop_pop(s, NOVAL);
      }
      else if (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CALL) {
        node *n = tree->car->cdr;
        int base, i, nargs = 0;
        callargs = 0;

        if (val) {
          vsp = cursp();
          push();
        }
        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);   /* receiver */
        idx = new_sym(s, nsym(n->cdr->car));
        base = cursp()-1;
        if (n->cdr->cdr->car) {
          nargs = gen_values(s, n->cdr->cdr->car->car, VAL, 13);
          if (nargs >= 0) {
            callargs = nargs;
          }
          else { /* varargs */
            push();
            nargs = 1;
            callargs = CALL_MAXARGS;
          }
        }
        /* copy receiver and arguments */
        gen_move(s, cursp(), base, 1);
        for (i=0; i<nargs; i++) {
          gen_move(s, cursp()+i+1, base+i+1, 1);
        }
        push_n(nargs+2);pop_n(nargs+2); /* space for receiver, arguments and a block */
        genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, callargs);
        push();
      }
      else {
        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      }
      if (len == 2 &&
          ((name[0] == '|' && name[1] == '|') ||
           (name[0] == '&' && name[1] == '&'))) {
        uint32_t pos;

        pop();
        if (val) {
          if (vsp >= 0) {
            gen_move(s, vsp, cursp(), 1);
          }
          pos = genjmp2_0(s, name[0]=='|'?OP_JMPIF:OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), val);
        }
        else {
          pos = genjmp2_0(s, name[0]=='|'?OP_JMPIF:OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), val);
        }
        codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr->car, VAL);
        pop();
        if (val && vsp >= 0) {
          gen_move(s, vsp, cursp(), 1);
        }
        if (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CALL) {
          if (callargs == CALL_MAXARGS) {
            pop();
            genop_2(s, OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), 1);
          }
          else {
            pop_n(callargs);
            callargs++;
          }
          pop();
          idx = new_sym(s, attrsym(s, nsym(tree->car->cdr->cdr->car)));
          genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, callargs);
        }
        else {
          gen_assignment(s, tree->car, NULL, cursp(), val);
        }
        dispatch(s, pos);
        goto exit;
      }
      codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr->car, VAL);
      push(); pop();
      pop(); pop();

      if (len == 1 && name[0] == '+')  {
        gen_addsub(s, OP_ADD, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '-')  {
        gen_addsub(s, OP_SUB, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '*')  {
        genop_1(s, OP_MUL, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '/')  {
        genop_1(s, OP_DIV, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '<')  {
        genop_1(s, OP_LT, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 2 && name[0] == '<' && name[1] == '=')  {
        genop_1(s, OP_LE, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '>')  {
        genop_1(s, OP_GT, cursp());
      }
      else if (len == 2 && name[0] == '>' && name[1] == '=')  {
        genop_1(s, OP_GE, cursp());
      }
      else {
        idx = new_sym(s, sym);
        genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, 1);
      }
      if (callargs < 0) {
        gen_assignment(s, tree->car, NULL, cursp(), val);
      }
      else {
        if (val && vsp >= 0) {
          gen_move(s, vsp, cursp(), 0);
        }
        if (callargs == CALL_MAXARGS) {
          pop();
          genop_2(s, OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), 1);
        }
        else {
          pop_n(callargs);
          callargs++;
        }
        pop();
        idx = new_sym(s, attrsym(s,nsym(tree->car->cdr->cdr->car)));
        genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, callargs);
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SUPER:
    {
      codegen_scope *s2 = s;
      int lv = 0;
      int n = 0, nk = 0, st = 0;

      push();
      while (!s2->mscope) {
        lv++;
        s2 = s2->prev;
        if (!s2) break;
      }
      if (tree) {
        node *args = tree->car;
        if (args) {
          st = n = gen_values(s, args, VAL, 14);
          if (n < 0) {
            st = 1; n = 15;
            push();
          }
        }
        /* keyword arguments */
        if (s2 && (s2->ainfo & 0x1) && tree->cdr->car) {
          nk = gen_hash(s, tree->cdr->car->cdr, VAL, 14);
          if (nk < 0) {st++; nk = 15;}
          else st += nk*2;
          n |= nk<<4;
        }
        /* block arguments */
        if (tree->cdr->cdr) {
          codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr, VAL);
        }
        else if (s2) gen_blkmove(s, s2->ainfo, lv);
        else {
          genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
          push();
        }
      }
      else {
        if (s2) gen_blkmove(s, s2->ainfo, lv);
        else {
          genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
          push();
        }
      }
      st++;
      pop_n(st+1);
      genop_2(s, OP_SUPER, cursp(), n);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_ZSUPER:
    {
      codegen_scope *s2 = s;
      int lv = 0;
      uint16_t ainfo = 0;
      int n = CALL_MAXARGS;
      int sp = cursp();

      push();        /* room for receiver */
      while (!s2->mscope) {
        lv++;
        s2 = s2->prev;
        if (!s2) break;
      }
      if (s2 && s2->ainfo > 0) {
        ainfo = s2->ainfo;
      }
      if (ainfo > 0) {
        genop_2S(s, OP_ARGARY, cursp(), (ainfo<<4)|(lv & 0xf));
        push(); push(); push();   /* ARGARY pushes 3 values at most */
        pop(); pop(); pop();
        /* keyword arguments */
        if (ainfo & 0x1) {
          n |= CALL_MAXARGS<<4;
          push();
        }
        /* block argument */
        if (tree && tree->cdr && tree->cdr->cdr) {
          push();
          codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr, VAL);
        }
      }
      else {
        /* block argument */
        if (tree && tree->cdr && tree->cdr->cdr) {
          codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr, VAL);
        }
        else {
          gen_blkmove(s, 0, lv);
        }
        n = 0;
      }
      s->sp = sp;
      genop_2(s, OP_SUPER, cursp(), n);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_RETURN:
    if (tree) {
      gen_retval(s, tree);
    }
    else {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
    }
    if (s->loop) {
      gen_return(s, OP_RETURN_BLK, cursp());
    }
    else {
      gen_return(s, OP_RETURN, cursp());
    }
    if (val) push();
    break;

  case NODE_YIELD:
    {
      codegen_scope *s2 = s;
      int lv = 0, ainfo = -1;
      int n = 0, sendv = 0;

      while (!s2->mscope) {
        lv++;
        s2 = s2->prev;
        if (!s2) break;
      }
      if (s2) {
        ainfo = (int)s2->ainfo;
      }
      if (ainfo < 0) codegen_error(s, "invalid yield (SyntaxError)");
      push();
      if (tree) {
        n = gen_values(s, tree, VAL, 14);
        if (n < 0) {
          n = sendv = 1;
          push();
        }
      }
      push();pop(); /* space for a block */
      pop_n(n+1);
      genop_2S(s, OP_BLKPUSH, cursp(), (ainfo<<4)|(lv & 0xf));
      if (sendv) n = CALL_MAXARGS;
      genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, call)), n);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_BREAK:
    loop_break(s, tree);
    if (val) push();
    break;

  case NODE_NEXT:
    if (!s->loop) {
      raise_error(s, "unexpected next");
    }
    else if (s->loop->type == LOOP_NORMAL) {
      codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
      genjmp(s, OP_JMPUW, s->loop->pc0);
    }
    else {
      if (tree) {
        codegen(s, tree, VAL);
        pop();
      }
      else {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      }
      gen_return(s, OP_RETURN, cursp());
    }
    if (val) push();
    break;

  case NODE_REDO:
    if (!s->loop || s->loop->type == LOOP_BEGIN || s->loop->type == LOOP_RESCUE) {
      raise_error(s, "unexpected redo");
    }
    else {
      genjmp(s, OP_JMPUW, s->loop->pc1);
    }
    if (val) push();
    break;

  case NODE_RETRY:
    {
      const char *msg = "unexpected retry";
      const struct loopinfo *lp = s->loop;

      while (lp && lp->type != LOOP_RESCUE) {
        lp = lp->prev;
      }
      if (!lp) {
        raise_error(s, msg);
      }
      else {
        genjmp(s, OP_JMPUW, lp->pc0);
      }
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_LVAR:
    if (val) {
      int idx = lv_idx(s, nsym(tree));

      if (idx > 0) {
        gen_move(s, cursp(), idx, val);
      }
      else {
        gen_getupvar(s, cursp(), nsym(tree));
      }
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_NVAR:
    if (val) {
      int idx = nint(tree);

      gen_move(s, cursp(), idx, val);

      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_GVAR:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));

      genop_2(s, OP_GETGV, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_IVAR:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));

      genop_2(s, OP_GETIV, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_CVAR:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));

      genop_2(s, OP_GETCV, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_CONST:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));

      genop_2(s, OP_GETCONST, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_BACK_REF:
    if (val) {
      char buf[] = {'$', nchar(tree)};
      int sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern(s->mrb, buf, sizeof(buf)));

      genop_2(s, OP_GETGV, cursp(), sym);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_NTH_REF:
    if (val) {
      mrb_state *mrb = s->mrb;
      mrb_value str;
      int sym;

      str = mrb_format(mrb, "$%d", nint(tree));
      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_str(mrb, str));
      genop_2(s, OP_GETGV, cursp(), sym);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_ARG:
    /* should not happen */
    break;

  case NODE_BLOCK_ARG:
    if (!tree) {
      int idx = lv_idx(s, MRB_OPSYM_2(s->mrb, and));

      if (idx == 0) {
        codegen_error(s, "no anonymous block argument");
      }
      gen_move(s, cursp(), idx, val);
      if (val) push();
    }
    else {
      codegen(s, tree, val);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_INT:
    if (val) {
      char *p = (char*)tree->car;
      int base = nint(tree->cdr->car);
      mrb_int i;
      mrb_bool overflow;

      i = readint(s, p, base, FALSE, &overflow);
      if (overflow) {
        int off = new_litbn(s, p, base, FALSE);
        genop_2(s, OP_LOADL, cursp(), off);
      }
      else {
        gen_int(s, cursp(), i);
      }
      push();
    }
    break;

#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
  case NODE_FLOAT:
    if (val) {
      char *p = (char*)tree;
      mrb_float f = mrb_float_read(p, NULL);
      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_float_value(s->mrb, f));

      genop_2(s, OP_LOADL, cursp(), off);
      push();
    }
    break;
#endif

  case NODE_NEGATE:
    {
      nt = nint(tree->car);
      switch (nt) {
#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
      case NODE_FLOAT:
        if (val) {
          char *p = (char*)tree->cdr;
          mrb_float f = mrb_float_read(p, NULL);
          int off = new_lit(s, mrb_float_value(s->mrb, -f));

          genop_2(s, OP_LOADL, cursp(), off);
          push();
        }
        break;
#endif

      case NODE_INT:
        if (val) {
          char *p = (char*)tree->cdr->car;
          int base = nint(tree->cdr->cdr->car);
          mrb_int i;
          mrb_bool overflow;

          i = readint(s, p, base, TRUE, &overflow);
          if (overflow) {
            int off = new_litbn(s, p, base, TRUE);
            genop_2(s, OP_LOADL, cursp(), off);
          }
          else {
            gen_int(s, cursp(), i);
          }
          push();
        }
        break;

      default:
        if (val) {
          codegen(s, tree, VAL);
          pop();
          push_n(2);pop_n(2); /* space for receiver&block */
          mrb_sym minus = MRB_OPSYM_2(s->mrb, minus);
          if (!gen_uniop(s, minus, cursp())) {
            genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), new_sym(s, minus), 0);
          }
          push();
        }
        else {
          codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_STR:
    if (val) {
      char *p = (char*)tree->car;
      size_t len = (intptr_t)tree->cdr;
      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new(s->mrb, p, len));

      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
      genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_HEREDOC:
    tree = ((struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info *)tree)->doc;
    /* fall through */
  case NODE_DSTR:
    if (val) {
      node *n = tree;

      if (!n) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        push();
        break;
      }
      codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
      n = n->cdr;
      while (n) {
        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
        pop(); pop();
        genop_1(s, OP_STRCAT, cursp());
        push();
        n = n->cdr;
      }
    }
    else {
      node *n = tree;

      while (n) {
        if (nint(n->car->car) != NODE_STR) {
          codegen(s, n->car, NOVAL);
        }
        n = n->cdr;
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_WORDS:
    gen_literal_array(s, tree, FALSE, val);
    break;

  case NODE_SYMBOLS:
    gen_literal_array(s, tree, TRUE, val);
    break;

  case NODE_DXSTR:
    {
      node *n;
      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
      int sym = new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, Kernel));

      genop_1(s, OP_LOADSELF, cursp());
      push();
      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      n = tree->cdr;
      while (n) {
        if (nint(n->car->car) == NODE_XSTR) {
          n->car->car = (struct mrb_ast_node*)(intptr_t)NODE_STR;
          mrb_assert(!n->cdr); /* must be the end */
        }
        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
        pop(); pop();
        genop_1(s, OP_STRCAT, cursp());
        push();
        n = n->cdr;
      }
      push();                   /* for block */
      pop_n(3);
      sym = new_sym(s, MRB_OPSYM_2(s->mrb, tick)); /* ` */
      genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, 1);
      if (val) push();
      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_XSTR:
    {
      char *p = (char*)tree->car;
      size_t len = (intptr_t)tree->cdr;
      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new(s->mrb, p, len));
      int sym;

      genop_1(s, OP_LOADSELF, cursp());
      push();
      genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
      push(); push();
      pop_n(3);
      sym = new_sym(s, MRB_OPSYM_2(s->mrb, tick)); /* ` */
      genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, 1);
      if (val) push();
      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_REGX:
    if (val) {
      char *p1 = (char*)tree->car;
      char *p2 = (char*)tree->cdr->car;
      char *p3 = (char*)tree->cdr->cdr;
      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
      int sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, REGEXP_CLASS));
      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p1));
      int argc = 1;

      genop_1(s, OP_OCLASS, cursp());
      genop_2(s, OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym);
      push();
      genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
      push();
      if (p2 || p3) {
        if (p2) { /* opt */
          off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p2));
          genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
        }
        else {
          genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        }
        push();
        argc++;
        if (p3) { /* enc */
          off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new(s->mrb, p3, 1));
          genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
          push();
          argc++;
        }
      }
      push(); /* space for a block */
      pop_n(argc+2);
      sym = new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, compile));
      genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, argc);
      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_DREGX:
    if (val) {
      node *n = tree->car;
      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
      int sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, REGEXP_CLASS));
      int argc = 1;
      int off;
      char *p;

      genop_1(s, OP_OCLASS, cursp());
      genop_2(s, OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym);
      push();
      codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
      n = n->cdr;
      while (n) {
        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
        pop(); pop();
        genop_1(s, OP_STRCAT, cursp());
        push();
        n = n->cdr;
      }
      n = tree->cdr->cdr;
      if (n->car) { /* tail */
        p = (char*)n->car;
        off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p));
        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
        genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
        pop();
        genop_1(s, OP_STRCAT, cursp());
        push();
      }
      if (n->cdr->car) { /* opt */
        char *p2 = (char*)n->cdr->car;
        off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p2));
        genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
        push();
        argc++;
      }
      if (n->cdr->cdr) { /* enc */
        char *p2 = (char*)n->cdr->cdr;
        off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p2));
        genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), off);
        push();
        argc++;
      }
      push(); /* space for a block */
      pop_n(argc+2);
      sym = new_sym(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, compile));
      genop_3(s, OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, argc);
      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
      push();
    }
    else {
      node *n = tree->car;

      while (n) {
        if (nint(n->car->car) != NODE_STR) {
          codegen(s, n->car, NOVAL);
        }
        n = n->cdr;
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SYM:
    if (val) {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));

      genop_2(s, OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), sym);
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_DSYM:
    codegen(s, tree, val);
    if (val) {
      gen_intern(s);
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SELF:
    if (val) {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADSELF, cursp());
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_NIL:
    if (val) {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_TRUE:
    if (val) {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADT, cursp());
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_FALSE:
    if (val) {
      genop_1(s, OP_LOADF, cursp());
      push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_ALIAS:
    {
      int a = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->car));
      int b = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->cdr));

      genop_2(s, OP_ALIAS, a, b);
      if (val) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        push();
      }
    }
   break;

  case NODE_UNDEF:
    {
      node *t = tree;

      while (t) {
        int symbol = new_sym(s, nsym(t->car));
        genop_1(s, OP_UNDEF, symbol);
        t = t->cdr;
      }
      if (val) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        push();
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_CLASS:
    {
      int idx;
      node *body;

      if (tree->car->car == (node*)0) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        push();
      }
      else if (tree->car->car == (node*)1) {
        genop_1(s, OP_OCLASS, cursp());
        push();
      }
      else {
        codegen(s, tree->car->car, VAL);
      }
      if (tree->cdr->car) {
        codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, VAL);
      }
      else {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        push();
      }
      pop(); pop();
      idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->car->cdr));
      genop_2(s, OP_CLASS, cursp(), idx);
      body = tree->cdr->cdr->car;
      if (nint(body->cdr->car) == NODE_BEGIN && body->cdr->cdr == NULL) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      }
      else {
        idx = scope_body(s, body, val);
        genop_2(s, OP_EXEC, cursp(), idx);
      }
      if (val) {
        push();
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_MODULE:
    {
      int idx;

      if (tree->car->car == (node*)0) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
        push();
      }
      else if (tree->car->car == (node*)1) {
        genop_1(s, OP_OCLASS, cursp());
        push();
      }
      else {
        codegen(s, tree->car->car, VAL);
      }
      pop();
      idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->car->cdr));
      genop_2(s, OP_MODULE, cursp(), idx);
      if (nint(tree->cdr->car->cdr->car) == NODE_BEGIN &&
          tree->cdr->car->cdr->cdr == NULL) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      }
      else {
        idx = scope_body(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
        genop_2(s, OP_EXEC, cursp(), idx);
      }
      if (val) {
        push();
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SCLASS:
    {
      int idx;

      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
      pop();
      genop_1(s, OP_SCLASS, cursp());
      if (nint(tree->cdr->car->cdr->car) == NODE_BEGIN &&
          tree->cdr->car->cdr->cdr == NULL) {
        genop_1(s, OP_LOADNIL, cursp());
      }
      else {
        idx = scope_body(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
        genop_2(s, OP_EXEC, cursp(), idx);
      }
      if (val) {
        push();
      }
    }
    break;

  case NODE_DEF:
    {
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->car));
      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree->cdr, 0);

      genop_1(s, OP_TCLASS, cursp());
      push();
      genop_2(s, OP_METHOD, cursp(), idx);
      push(); pop();
      pop();
      genop_2(s, OP_DEF, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_SDEF:
    {
      node *recv = tree->car;
      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->cdr->car));
      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree->cdr->cdr, 0);

      codegen(s, recv, VAL);
      pop();
      genop_1(s, OP_SCLASS, cursp());
      push();
      genop_2(s, OP_METHOD, cursp(), idx);
      pop();
      genop_2(s, OP_DEF, cursp(), sym);
      if (val) push();
    }
    break;

  case NODE_POSTEXE:
    codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
    break;

  default:
    break;
  }
 exit:
  s->rlev = rlev;
}