//  [c]
static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags,
		struct dev_pagemap **pgmap)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
	struct page *page;
	spinlock_t *ptl;
	pte_t *ptep, pte;

retry:
	if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
		return no_page_table(vma, flags);

	ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl);
	pte = *ptep;
	if (!pte_present(pte)) {
		swp_entry_t entry;
		/*
		 * KSM's break_ksm() relies upon recognizing a ksm page
		 * even while it is being migrated, so for that case we
		 * need migration_entry_wait().
		 */
		if (likely(!(flags & FOLL_MIGRATION)))
			goto no_page;
		if (pte_none(pte))
			goto no_page;
		entry = pte_to_swp_entry(pte);
		if (!is_migration_entry(entry))
			goto no_page;
		pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
		migration_entry_wait(mm, pmd, address);
		goto retry;
	}
	if ((flags & FOLL_NUMA) && pte_protnone(pte))
		goto no_page;
	if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !can_follow_write_pte(pte, flags)) {
		pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
		return NULL;
	}

	page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pte);
	if (!page && pte_devmap(pte) && (flags & FOLL_GET)) {
		/*
		 * Only return device mapping pages in the FOLL_GET case since
		 * they are only valid while holding the pgmap reference.
		 */
		*pgmap = get_dev_pagemap(pte_pfn(pte), *pgmap);
		if (*pgmap)
			page = pte_page(pte);
		else
			goto no_page;
	} else if (unlikely(!page)) {
		if (flags & FOLL_DUMP) {
			/* Avoid special (like zero) pages in core dumps */
			page = ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
			goto out;
		}

		if (is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte))) {
			page = pte_page(pte);
		} else {
			int ret;

			ret = follow_pfn_pte(vma, address, ptep, flags);
			page = ERR_PTR(ret);
			goto out;
		}
	}

	if (flags & FOLL_SPLIT && PageTransCompound(page)) {
		int ret;
		get_page(page);
		pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
		lock_page(page);
		ret = split_huge_page(page);
		unlock_page(page);
		put_page(page);
		if (ret)
			return ERR_PTR(ret);
		goto retry;
	}

	if (flags & FOLL_GET) {
		if (unlikely(!try_get_page(page))) {
			page = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
			goto out;
		}
	}
	if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) {
		if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
		    !pte_dirty(pte) && !PageDirty(page))
			set_page_dirty(page);
		/*
		 * pte_mkyoung() would be more correct here, but atomic care
		 * is needed to avoid losing the dirty bit: it is easier to use
		 * mark_page_accessed().
		 */
		mark_page_accessed(page);
	}
	if ((flags & FOLL_MLOCK) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED)) {
		/* Do not mlock pte-mapped THP */
		if (PageTransCompound(page))
			goto out;

		/*
		 * The preliminary mapping check is mainly to avoid the
		 * pointless overhead of lock_page on the ZERO_PAGE
		 * which might bounce very badly if there is contention.
		 *
		 * If the page is already locked, we don't need to
		 * handle it now - vmscan will handle it later if and
		 * when it attempts to reclaim the page.
		 */
		if (page->mapping && trylock_page(page)) {
			lru_add_drain();  /* push cached pages to LRU */
			/*
			 * Because we lock page here, and migration is
			 * blocked by the pte's page reference, and we
			 * know the page is still mapped, we don't even
			 * need to check for file-cache page truncation.
			 */
			mlock_vma_page(page);
			unlock_page(page);
		}
	}
out:
	pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
	return page;
no_page:
	pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
	if (!pte_none(pte))
		return NULL;
	return no_page_table(vma, flags);
}