Dinosaur size has long been of interest to the scientific and the public. Dinosaurs show some of the most extreme variations in size of any land animal group, ranging from the tiny hummingbirds, which can weigh as little as three grams, to the extinct titanosaurs, which could weigh as much as .
We will never be certain of the largest and smallest dinosaurs to have existed. This is because only a tiny percentage of animals ever fossilize, and most of these remain buried in the earth. Few specimens recovered are complete skeletons, and impressions of skin and other soft tissues are rare. Rebuilding a complete skeleton by comparing the size and morphology of bones to those of similar, better-known species is an inexact art, and reconstructing the muscles and other organs of the living animal is, at best, a process of educated guesswork. Weight estimates for dinosaurs are much more variable than length estimates, because estimating length for extinct animals is much more easily done from a skeleton than estimating weight. Estimating weight is most easily done with the laser scan skeleton technique that puts a "virtual" skin over it, but even this is only an estimate.
Current evidence suggests that dinosaur average size varied through the Triassic, early Jurassic, late Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Predatory theropod dinosaurs, which occupied most terrestrial carnivore niches during the Mesozoic, most often fall into the 100- to 1,000-kilogram (220 to 2,200 lb) category when sorted by estimated weight into categories based on order of magnitude. In comparison, recent predatory carnivore mammals peak in the 10- to 100-kilogram (22 to 220 lb) category. The mode of Mesozoic dinosaur body masses is between one and ten metric tonnes. This contrasts sharply with the size of Cenozoic mammals, estimated by the National Museum of Natural History as about .
Jim Brown
James Nathaniel Brown (born February 17, 1936) is a former professional American football player and actor. He was a running back for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 through 1965. He is thought to be one of the greatest football players of all time.
An actor, Brown is known for his role as Byron Williams in Tim Burton's 1996 movie "Mars Attacks!".
Brown was born in St. Simons Island, Georgia. In 2002, he was named by "The Sporting News" as the greatest professional football player ever.
St. Simons Island, Georgia
St. Simons Island or simply St. Simons is a barrier island and census-designated place (CDP) located on St. Simons Island in Glynn County, Georgia, United States.
The community and the island are interchangeable, known simply as "St. Simons Island", or locally as "The Island".
St. Simons is part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area, and according to the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 12,743.
Robert W. Doran
Robert William Doran HFNZCS (5 November 1944 – 13 October 2018) was a New Zealand computer scientist and historian of computing. He was Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. His research interests included computer architecture, parallel algorithms, and computer programming. He was also interested in the history of computing.
Doran died on 13 October 2018 at home in Auckland, aged 73.
Abdul Raziq Achakzai
General Abdul Raziq Achakzai (), (1979 – October 18, 2018) was an officer in the Afghan National Police. He was born in Kandahar Province of Afghanistan and was a member of Pashtun people.
In November 2001 Raziq joined anti-Taliban forces, under Fayda Mohammad and Gul Agha Sherzai, which overthrew the Taliban in Kandahar. In 2001, he rose to command the Afghanistan Border Police on Afghanistan's border between Kandahar and Pakistan's Balochistan Province.
Achakzai was alleged to have committed numerous human right violations including extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances and torture in the Kandahar province.
He was killed by a gunman who opened fire on security officials as they were leaving a meeting in Kandahar on October 18, 2018, aged 39.
Ayub Bachchu
Ayub Bachchu (; 16 August 1962 – 18 October 2018) was a Bangladeshi musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as the founding member of rock band LRB. He was a member of the band Feelings and later he joined the band Souls as lead guitarist. He was one the most influential figures in Bangladeshi rock music.
Bachchu died of a heart attack in Dhaka on 18 October 2018 at the age of 56 in Square Hospital of Bangladesh.
Anthea Bell
Anthea Bell OBE (10 May 1936 – 18 October 2018) was an English translator. She was born in Suffolk and went to Somerville College, Oxford. She translated many literary works, especially children's literature, from French, German and Danish. These include "Austerlitz" by W. G. Sebald, the "Inkworld" trilogy by Cornelia Funke and the French "Asterix" comics along with co-translator Derek Hockridge.
Bell died on 18 October 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 82.
List of heads of state of Sudan
This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956.
Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan. Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
In November 1958, General Ibrahim Abboud led a military coup d'état, assuming the role of head of state as Chairman of the Supreme Council. Assuming the title of president in 1964, he resigned later that year due to general discontent around the rule of the military regime.
Abboud was replaced by a senior civil servant, Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty.
Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
Field Marshal Abdel Rahman Suwar al-Dahab (otherwise known as Suwar al-Dahab or al-Dahab; 1934 – 18 October 2018) () was the President of Sudan from 6 April 1985, to 6 May 1986.
He died on 18 October 2018 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aged 83.
Moi-Yo Miller
Moi-Yo Miller was the stage name of Mona Loretta Miller (24 April 1914 – 7 October 2018), was an Australian entertainer. She toured the world as a magicians assistant and illusionist to the stage magician Dante (Aka Harry Jansen), during the Golden Age of Magic of the 1930s and 1940s.
In 1993 she received the Dragon Award presented by the J. Marberger Stuart Foundation. She celebrated her 100th birthday in 2014.
Miller died of dementia on 7 October 2018 in Prahran, Victoria at the age of 104.
Dick Slater
Richard Van Slater (May 19, 1951 – October 18, 2018) better known by his ring name "Dirty" Dick Slater, was an American professional wrestler. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He wrestled in the 1970s, 1980s, and mid-1990s for many promotions including Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).
Slater began wrestling in Championship Wrestling from Florida and Georgia Championship Wrestling. He worked as a booker in Knoxville, Tennessee after Ron Fuller sold his promotion to Jim Barnett.
He wrestled briefly in the World Wrestling Federation as a babyface under a "Rebel" gimmick, but soon returned to WCW. He wrestled there until receiving his back injury that ended his career.
In June 2004, Slater was convicted for the stabbing of his former girlfriend Theresa Halbert. He was sentenced to one year of house arrest and two years of probation. He blamed the incident on influence from painkillers.
Slater died on October 18, 2018 at the age of 67.
Devin Nunes
Devin Gerald Nunes (; born October 1, 1973) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for since 2003. He is a Republican. He is the chairman of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and was a member of President Trump's transition team.
Tulare, California