An elliptical galaxy is a galaxy having an ellipsoidal shape, and a smooth, nearly featureless brightness profile. They are one of the three main types of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in 1936. The others are spiral and lenticular galaxies.
Elliptical galaxies range in shape from nearly spherical to nearly flat, (E7, one of the flattest types of elliptical galaxies is cigar-shaped) and in size from hundreds of millions to over one trillion stars. Originally, Edwin Hubble thought that elliptical galaxies may evolve into spiral galaxies, but this turned out to be false. Stars found inside elliptical galaxies are much older (and cooler; thus redder) than stars found in spiral galaxies.
Most elliptical galaxies are composed of older, low-mass stars, with a sparse interstellar medium and minimal (or no)star formation activity. They tend to be surrounded by large numbers of globular clusters. Elliptical galaxies are believed to make up approximately 10–15% of galaxies in the Virgo Supercluster, but are not the dominant type of galaxy in the universe overall. They are usually found close to the centers of galaxy clusters.
Elliptical galaxies and lenticular galaxies are also called "early-type" galaxies (ETG), due to their position in the Hubble sequence. They are less common in the early Universe, that is, in galaxies further away from us.
Ayumi Kaihori
Kaihori was born in Nagaokakyo on September 4, 1986. In 2004, she was a high school student, she joined Speranza FC Takatsuki from the youth team. She moved to INAC Leonessa (later "INAC Kobe Leonessa") in 2008. The club won Nadeshiko League championship for 3 years in a row (2011-2013). She was also selected Best Eleven 2 times in 2011 and 2013. She retired end of 2015 season.
In May 2008, Kaihori was selected the Japan national team for 2008 Asian Cup. At this competition, on May 31, she debuted against Chinese Taipei. She was Japan's goalkeeper in the 2011 World Cup final, where she saved two penalties from Shannon Boxx and Tobin Heath in the shoot-out which saw Japan defeat the United States by winning 3–1. She was part of the Japanese team that won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics, playing in one game, vs South Africa, which saw Kaihori keep a clean sheet. She also played 5 matches at 2015 World Cup and Japan won 2nd position. She played 53 games for Japan until 2015.
Arata Fujiwara
At the 2009 World Championships in Athletics at Berlin, Fujiwara finished 61st in the men's marathon.
He finished second in the 2012 Tokyo Marathon.
He was a member of the Japanese team in the 2012 Summer Olympics at London.
Ricochet
Ricochet is a 1991 American action crime thriller movie. It stars Denzel Washington. John Lithgow and Ice-T. The movie is about a psychotic ex-convict named Blake who has been creating chaos and looking for revenge. This movie was released in the United States on October 4, 1991.
Galaxy cluster
Galaxy clusters are large collections of galaxies. They consist of hundreds of galaxies and galaxy groups, bound together by gravity. Galaxy clusters are much larger than galaxy groups, like our Local Group.
Clusters of galaxies should not be confused with either star clusters, which are "inside" galaxies, or with globular clusters, which usually orbit galaxies.
Notable galaxy clusters in the relatively nearby universe include the Virgo Cluster (which includes our Local Group), Fornax Cluster, Hercules Cluster, and the Coma Cluster.
Still larger than galaxy clusters are superclusters. A very large aggregation of galaxies known as the Great Attractor, dominated by the Norma Cluster, is massive enough to affect the local expansion of the universe (Hubble's law).
Notable galaxy clusters in the distant, high-redshift universe include SPT-CL J0546-5345, the most massive galaxy cluster ever found in the early universe.
Galaxy clusters typically have the following properties.
There are three main components of a galaxy cluster. They are:
Where ">" means "contains":
Universe > observable universe > very large-scale structures > superclusters > galaxy clusters > galaxy groups > galaxies > star clusters > stars
Norman Alden
Norman Alden (born Norman Adelberg; September 13, 1924 – July 27, 2012) was an American character actor. He performed in television programs and movies. He first appeared on television on "The 20th Century Fox Hour" in 1957. He provided the voice of Kay in "The Sword in the Stone" (1963), and had a notable role in "I Never Promised You a Rose Garden". His acting career began in 1957 and lasted nearly 50 years. He also played the role of Kranix and Arblus in the 1986 animated Transformers movie. He retired from acting in 2006.
Alden was born on September 13, 1924 in Fort Worth, Texas and died at the age of 87 on July 27, 2012 from natural causes in Los Angeles. He is survived by his two children from his first marriage, one grandson, and his partner of over 25 years, Linda Gilbert Thieben.
Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of up to several billion stars. This is a small number compared to our own Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, containing over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy and sometimes as a full-fledged galaxy orbiting the Milky Way galaxy.
Most galaxies, including dwarf galaxies, form in association with dark matter or out of gas containing metals. However, NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer space probe identified new dwarf galaxies forming out of gases lacking metals. These galaxies were in the Leo Ring, a cloud of hydrogen and helium around two massive galaxies in the constellation Leo.
Dwarf galaxies can be pulled toward and ripped by neighbouring spiral galaxies till they ultimately merge.
There are many dwarf galaxies in the Local Group: these small galaxies frequently orbit around larger galaxies, such as the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy. A 2007 paper has suggested that many dwarf galaxies were created by tidal forces during the early evolution of the Milky Way and Andromeda. Tidal dwarf galaxies are produced when galaxies collide and their gravitational masses interact. Streams of galactic material are pulled out away from the parent galaxies and the halos of dark matter that surround them.
The Milky Way has more than 20 known dwarf galaxies orbiting it. Recent observations suggest the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, Omega Centauri, is actually the core of a dwarf galaxy with a black hole in its center. It was at some time absorbed by the Milky Way.
Solar flare
A solar flare or solar limb is a sudden brightening observed over the Sun's surface. It is a large energy release of up to 6 × 10 joules of energy. The energy is about a sixth of the total energy that is released from the Sun each second equal to 160,000,000,000 megatons of TNT. It can also be compared with the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. The release is then followed by a colossal coronal mass ejection also known as a CME. The first flare releases clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the Sun into space. These clouds usually reach planet Earth a day or two after this has happened. A solar flare is sometimes referred to another phenomena in other stars, such as stellar flare.