Logistic regression uses the logistic function to find a model that fits with the data points. The function gives an 'S' shaped curve to model the data. The curve is restricted between 0 and 1, so it is easy to apply when y is binary. Logistic regression can then model events better than linear regression, as it shows the probability for y being 1 for a given x value. Logistic regression is used in statistics and machine learning to predict values of an input from previous test data.
Logistic regression is an alternative method to use other than the simpler linear regression. Linear regression tries to predict the data by finding a linear – straight line – equation to model or predict future data points. Logistic regression does not look at the relationship between the two variables as a straight line. Instead, Logistic regression uses the natural logarithm function to find the relationship between the variables and uses test data to find the coefficients. The function can then predict the future results using these coefficients in the logistic equation.
Logistic regression uses the concept of odds ratios to calculate the probability. This is defined as the ratio of the odds of an event happening to its not happening. For example, the probability of a sports team to win a certain match might be 0.75. The probability for that team to lose would be 1 – 0.75 = 0.25. The odds for that team winning would be 0.75/0.25 = 3. This can be said as the odds of the team winning are 3 to 1.
The odds can be defined as:
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The natural logarithm of the odds ratio is then taken in order to create the logistic equation. The new equation is known as the logit:
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In Logistic regression the logit of the probability is said to be linear with respect to x, so the logit becomes:
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Using the two equations together then gives the following:
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This then leads to the probability:
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This final equation is the logistic curve for Logistic regression. It models the non-linear relationship between x and y with an ‘S’-like curve for the probabilities that y =1 - that event the y occurs. In this example a and b represent the gradients for the logistic function just like in linear regression. The logit equation can then be expanded to handle multiple gradients. This gives more freedom with how the logistic curve matches the data. The multiplication of two vectors can then be used to model more gradient values and give the following equation:
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In this equation w = [ w , w , w , ... , w ] and represents the n gradients for the equation. The powers of x are given by the vector x = [ 1 , x , x , .. , x ] . These two vectors give the new logit equation with multiple gradients. The logistic equation then can then be changed to show this:
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This is then a more general logistic equation allowing for more gradient values.
Mary Jane Veloso
Mary Jane Veloso (born 1984/85) is a Filipino maid. She was arrested and sentenced to death for apparently smuggling 2.6 kg of heroin into Indonesia. She was denied a pardon many times. She also said that she was innocent, and worked in Malaysia and Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Veloso was born in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. She was also once married and has two children.
Princess Charlotte of Cambridge
Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the daughter of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. She is the granddaughter of Charles, Prince of Wales. She is the great-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. She was born at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London. Her mother's pregnancy was announced on 8 September 2014 by Clarence House. From birth, she was the fourth in line to succeed the Queen, Elizabeth II, after her grandfather, father, and older brother, Prince George of Cambridge. She is the first member of the royal family born after the change to the law on 26 March 2015 which removes gender from consideration in succession. Meaning she is higher in the line of succession than her younger brother, Prince Louis, the first time a female royal has been in that position.
Andrew Lesnie
Andrew Lesnie (1956 – 27 April 2015) was an Australian movie cinematographer. He was best known as the cinematographer for "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy (2001–2003) and its prequel "The Hobbit" trilogy (2012–2014), both directed by New Zealand director Peter Jackson. He received the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on "" in 2002. He also worked on "I Am Legend" (2007) and "The Water Diviner" (2014).
Lesnie was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He died from a heart attack on 27 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 59.
Tommy Shane Steiner
Tommy Shane Steiner (born October 9, 1973 in Austin, Texas) is an American country music artist. He made his in 2001 with the single "What If She's an Angel". The song reached No. 2 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. It was the first of three chart singles from his singular album "Then Came the Night" which was released in 2002. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Country Albums chart.
Environmental migration
Environmental migration is a form of migration which happens because the environment changes where people live. These changes can be sudden (such as floods, droughts, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions), or they can happen over longer periods of time. An example of changes that occur only slowly are those of desertification or the rise of the sea level.
People migrate due to the changes in their environment, and the find a new home. Did you know that Chinese people just migrated when there was the Coronavirus in China.
Despite problems in formulating a uniform and clear-cut definition of environmental migration, such a concept has increased as an issue of concern in the 2000s as policy-makers, environmental and social scientists attempt to conceptualize the potential societal effects of climate change and general environmental degradation. "Unless it is assumed" in order to consider a person a climate refugee, nature or the environment could be considered the persecutor.
Economic migration
Sometimes people move to a different county or region, because they think that they are economically better off. Economic migration happens for different reasons, for example:
Ms. Jackson
"Ms. Jackson" is a song by American alternative hip hop duo Outkast. The song was released in October 2006 . It was the second single on their fourth studio album "Stankonia". During an interview with "Vibe", André 3000 said about creating the song: "'Ms. Jackson' was an acoustic guitar song that I was doing at home. Then I just converted it over into something people could understand a little bit more."
On the "Billboard" charts, "Ms. Jackson" was able to peak at #1 on Hot 100, #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at #13 on the Mainstream Top 40 charts.
In 2006, the song won a Grammy Award in the category of Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.
Keith Harris (ventriloquist)
Keith Shenton Harris (21 September 1947 – 28 April 2015) was an English ventriloquist.
Harris was best known for his television show (which ran between 1982 and 1990), audio recordings, and club appearances with his puppets Orville the Duck and Cuddles the Monkey. He had a UK Top 10 hit single in 1982 with "Orville's Song". He appeared in "When Louis Met..." with Louis Theroux. He won the second series of "The Farm" in 2005.
Harris was born in Lyndhurst, Hampshire. He was raised in Blacon, Cheshire. He was married four times and had three children.
Harris died from cancer of the spleen on 28 April 2015 in Blackpool, Lancashire, aged 67.
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