The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2019, marking Gaga's first Oscar win. It reached number one in its 22nd week on the "Billboard" Hot 100, replacing "7 rings" by Ariana Grande. "Shallow" became Gaga's fourth US number-one hit and Cooper's first. The last song by Gaga to reach the top was "Born This Way" in 2011.
It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales and streams of two million copies in the US.
Exonym and endonym
An exonym is a name of a person, a people group, language, or place used by people of other places and languages. An endonym is a name that people of a certain place and language call themselves. For example, the endonym of Germany is "Deutschland", because that is what Germans call their country, and Germans call themselves and their language "Deutsch". On the other hand, Germany and German are its exonym because English speakers, who are not German, use those names to to describe it.
This is actually very common across languages for several reasons. One reason is because the sounds for an endonym may not exist in certain languages. It would be difficult for speakers of other languages to say them, so speakers of other languages make an exonym. For example, words in Japanese cannot end in any consonant that is not an "n" sound, and for that reason, "Deutsch" is "Doitsu" in Japanese. Japanese also adds Japanese morphemes so that there is no confusion between the country, the people, and the language. The German people are "Doitsujin", in which "-jin" means people, and the name of the German language is "Doitsugo", in which "-go" means language. While the country, people, and language of Laos can all be called "Lao" in English, they are called "Raosu", "Rasoujin", and "Raosugo" in Japanese in that same order.
Another reason why a country might call another country a different name is because people from a certain country might have different ideas about those people or associate them with certain things. For example, even though Greeks call their country "Hellas", their country is known around the world as Greece because the Roman Empire named the region after "Magna" "Graecia", which were coastal areas in southern Italy that were colonized by Greeks in the early days of Rome. Germany has a very large number of exonyms, being called "Allemagne" in French, "Niemcy" in Polish, and "Saksa" in Finnish. This is because Germany has interacted with many other European countries and the Germans were a collection of tribes speaking similar languages until they unified into a country in the late 19th century. Even though the Dutch call themselves "Nederlanders" in their own language, English speakers call them Dutch (a cognate of the German word "Deutsch") because the words German and Dutch used to be interchangeable until Germany unified in the 1800s. From then on, German was used to describe people from Germany, while Dutch was used to describe people from the Netherlands.
Even though in Mandarin Chinese China is called "Zhōngguó", meaning the "Middle Kingdom" or the "Central States", most other countries calls it China. It is believed that the word China cam from the word "Qín", in which the Qin dynasty unified China. However, there are a few exceptions. In Japanese, it is called "Chūgoku", which has the same meaning as the Chinese name, except it uses the Japanese pronunciation for the Chinese characters for the name 中國 / 中国. In Korean, it is called "Jungguk" for the same reason. In Russian, China is called "Kitay".
A third reason why a country might call another place a different name is because a language can borrow a name from another language. Even though Japan is called "Nippon" or "Nihon" in Japanese, the word passed on to Europe through many different languages, all of which were very different from Japanese. Marco Polo heard about Kublai Khan sending soldiers to Cipangu, which in Chinese characters is 日本, which means "Sun's Origin". When the Portuguese arrived in Japan in the mid-16th century, who were the first Europeans to directly trade with Japan, they called the country "Japão" based on an old Malay word, which was borrowed from a southern Chinese dialect. Thus, most other countries call the country Japan. A few exceptions are Chinese, which call it "Rìběn" based on the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese characters, and Korean, which call it "Ilbon" based on the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese characters. Also, while many countries call European cities by their endonym, including "Roma", "Praha", "Köln", and "Napoli", the English names of many European cities are noticeably different, which are called Rome, Prague, Cologne, and Naples in the same order. These names were borrowed from French. Since French was the official language of England from the Norman invasion to King Henry V, many of the cities names came into English through French.
Hollie Pihl
Holger Mathew Pihl, Jr. (September 23, 1928 – October 3, 2018) was an American Republican politician and judge. He was the Circuit Court Judge of Washington County, Oregon until 1995, and then a Senior Judge until his retirement in 2005. He was appointed to the court by Oregon Governor Tom McCall in 1976.
Pihl was born in Portland, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon and at Northwestern University. Pihl died on October 3, 2018 in Manning, Oregon at the age of 90.
Manning, Oregon
Manning is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Manning was named for Martin Manning, who took up a land claim there in 1865.
Rudolf Gelbard
Rudolf Gelbard (4 December 1930 – 24 October 2018) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor and political campaigner against. He fought against anti-Semitism and neo-Nazism. He taught in schools and universities about his experiences during the Holocaust. From 1954-1963, Gelbard worked for the Ministry of Social Affairs. He later worked as a merchant, before becoming editor of the Kurier in 1975.
Gelbard died in Vienna on 24 October 2018 at the age of 87.
Tony Joe White
Tony Joe White (July 23, 1943 – October 24, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana. White was best known for his 1969 hit "Polk Salad Annie" and for "Rainy Night in Georgia", which he wrote but was first made popular by Brook Benton in 1970.
He also wrote "Steamy Windows" and "Undercover Agent for the Blues", both hits for Tina Turner in 1989. "Polk Salad Annie" was also recorded by Elvis Presley and Tom Jones.
White died of a heart attack in Nashville, Tennessee on October 24, 2018, at the age of 75.
Lindon Crow
Lindon Oscar Crow (April 4, 1933 – October 25, 2018) was an American football cornerback.
He played professionally in the National Football League. He was named to three Pro Bowls. He was born in Denison, Texas. Crow played for the New York Giants and the Los Angeles Rams.
Crow died on October 25, 2018 in Exeter, California from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.
Exeter, California
Exeter is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. It is in the San Joaquin Valley near the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains. The population was 10,334 at the 2010 census.
San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley ( ) is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies south of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the San Joaquin River.
It is made up of seven Northern California counties—all of Kings County; a majority of Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus counties; segments of Madera and Tulare counties—and a majority of Kern County, in Southern California.
Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana
Oak Grove is the parish seat of West Carroll Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,174 at the 2000 census, but it declined by 447, or 20.5 percent, to 1,727 in 2010.
Thomas Keating