In 1776, André was sent back to the British army. He was traded for American prisoners. He wrote a book about everything he had learned about the British Colonies and drew maps of places he had been. He gave the book to British General William Howe in New York City. Howe thought the book was very good and that André was very intelligent. He promoted André to captain and made him aide to Major-General Charles Grey.
André was part of the invasion of Philadelphia in 1777. At the time, Philadelphia was the largest city in the thirteen colonies. The British captured it. André fought in the Battle of Brandywine, the Paoli Massacre, the Battle of Germantown, the Battle of Monmouth, and Grey's raids into Massachusetts and New Jersey in 1778. André kept a personal book during this time. That book is now a valuable historical source about the war.
During the winter of 1777-1778, there was less fighting because it was too cold and snowy. John André lived in Philadelphia in Benjamin Franklin's house. He wrote poetry for women, for example Peggy Shippen. He also threw a large party called Mischianza extravaganza. When the British left Philadelphia, André packed up and stole many of Benjamin Franklin's inventions, books, and other things. Historians think General Grey may have ordered him to do this.
In 1778, André was promoted to major and deputy Adjutant General.
In May of 1779, Benedict Arnold, a high-ranking American officer, told André he wanted to change sides if the British would give him £10,000 and high rank in the British military. He was the commander of the fort West Point. If the British had West Point, they could control the Hudson Valley and they would be much stronger in New England. André communicated with Arnold for months.
In 1779, André went with General Clinton to attack Charleston, South Carolina, and they won. André returned north with Clinton and began talking to Arnold again. Arnold said he had to meet André in person to plan the surrender of West Point.
In September 1779, André got on a ship and sailed up the Hudson. He met Arnold, who gave him papers and the plans to West Point. But André could not get back to his ship because American forces had attacked it, and it had sailed away. André decided to go back to British territory in disguise. He took off his British army uniform and put on ordinary clothes. On the way, he was captured by American freelance soldiers. They found the papers Arnold had given André. They arrested André as a spy.
Because André had been in disguise and not wearing his uniform, he was legally a spy and not only an enemy soldier. The punishment for being a spy was much worse. André was put on trial in Tappan, New York. Many of his friends wrote letters to George Washington to ask that he be allowed to live. Others asked that he be allowed to die by firing squad, which was the usual way soldiers were killed. On September 29, 1780, André was found guilty of being "under a feigned name and in a disguised habit." He was sentenced to die by hanging. André was hanged at noon on October 2, 1780.
At first, André was buried next to the Hudson River. A peach tree grew on top of his grave. In 1782, King George III had a monument built for André in Westminster Abbey.
In 1821, people dug up John André's bones and took them to England. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. They took the peach tree too and replanted it in the king's garden. There is another monument in Tappan, New York.
New York's 21st congressional district
New York's 21st congressional district is a congressional district in the state of New York in the United States of America. As of the 2020 United States presidential election Republican representative Elise Stefanik is the current representative for the district. The district is the largest district in New York and is made up of the entire counties of, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Warren, and Washington. Parts of Herkimer and Saratoga counties are also part of the 21st district.
Tostig Godwinson
Tostig Godwinson, younger brother of King Harold II was the third son of the powerful Earl Godwine of Wessex and his Danish wife Gytha, the daughter of Thorkell Sprakaleg.
Along with his father and brothers, Tostig was banished from England in 1051 by the Saxon king Edward the Confessor but forcefully returned in 1052. On the death of Earl Siward three years later, he was appointed Earl of Northumbria, Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire.
He rebelled against Harold and fought alongside Viking forces at the battle of Stamford bridge, where he was slain in battle.
Munchos
Munchos are a potato chips snack food. They are manufactured from dehydrated potatoes by Frito-Lay.
They are somewhat similar to Lay's Stax and Pringles. These are also made with dried potatoes. They are kosher.
The chips were first made in 1969.
Lay's Stax
Lay's Stax is a potato chip snack food. It was produced by Frito-Lay. It was introduced in 2003 as a direct competition to Pringles.
Lay's Stax potato chips are heavier and thicker than Pringles. The shape of Stax is a simple curve called a hyperbolic cylinder. Pringles are formed into a double-curve.
The Eve of St. Mark
The Eve of St. Mark is a 1944 American World War II fantasy movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1942 play of the same name by Maxwell Anderson. It stars Vincent Price, Harry Morgan, Ruth Nelson, Anne Baxter and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Langbian Plateau frog
The Langbian Plateau frog or Chantaburi Stream frog (""Hylarana" montivaga") is a frog from Vietnam and Thailand. Scientists think it may also live in Cambodia and Laos.
Dodie Stevens
Dodie Stevens (born Geraldine Ann Pasquale; February 17, 1946) is an American pop and rock singer. She's best known for her 1959 song "Pink Shoe Laces". It began at #96 on the United States "Billboard" Hot 100. It peaked at #3 on the chart.
Other Stevens songs are "Merry, Merry Christmas Baby."
Stevens was born in Chicago, Illinois. She and her family moved to the San Gabriel Valley in California when she was a child.
San Gabriel Valley
The San Gabriel Valley is one of the main valleys in Southern California. It lies generally to the east of Los Angeles. The surrounding areas include:
The San Gabriel Valley gets its name from the San Gabriel River.
Pasadena is the largest city in the valley.
The San Gabriel Valley is in Los Angeles County. The incorporated cities and unincorporated neighborhoods of the San Gabriel Valley include:
While the City Sleeps (1956 movie)
While the City Sleeps is a 1956 American crime thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the 1953 novel "The Bloody Spur" by Charles Einstein. It stars Dana Andrews, Rhonda Fleming, George Sanders, Howard Duff, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, John Drew Barrymore and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Cup (unit)
The cup is a unit of measure in the U.S. customary system. It is defined as 8 fluid ounces.
Bearberry
Bearberry is the name for three species of small woody plants in the heath family, Ericaceae. They grow well in cold places. Each species has subspecies. They can grow well in poor soil (for example soil that is mostly sand).
They have edible fruit. Their leaves are sometimes used for folk medicine. The common name comes from the fact that bears often eat them.
The three species are:
Mobilizon
Mobilizon is a free and open source software with focus on event organization and group management. It is developed by small but prominent French tech cooperative Framasoft with aim to offer a free alternative to the commercial platforms (like Facebook, Meet-Up, EventBrite).
It was announced in 2019 and launched publicly in October 2020.