Dry toilets can be very presentable and are used in developed countries (for example, Sweden, Finland, and Norway), where they are often found at summer houses and national parks. They are more common in developing countries in places where flush toilets are not possible or not desired. Remember that sewers often cost too much where the land is rocky or irregular and where houses are far from one another.
Some people strongly believe that dry toilets are the best way deal with excrement, others argue that they cannot be done everywhere, and others simply do not want to change their habits. Dry toilets reduce water consumption and pollution, recover valuable nutrients for agriculture, and (when managed properly) eliminate diseases and chemicals efficiently.
It has been difficult to install and manage many dry toilets in cities (for example, in the Erdos Eco-City of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China). Designs need to be fine-tuned and we need to be very careful during construction and management. The users also need to learn about the benefits of dry toilets and how to properly use them.
Further information: Toilet § History (in English Wikipedia)
Nearly all toilets were dry toilets, and excrement was valued in agriculture, until flush toilets were invented.
In Britain, dry toilets were still used in some areas (including cities) until the 1940s. It seems that these were often emptied directly onto gardens, where the excreta was used as fertiliser.[6] Sewer systems did not come to some rural areas in Britain until the 1950s or later.
Brisbane, Australia, was largely unsewered until the early 1970s, with many suburbs having dry toilets (called "dunnies") behind each house.
Lumbrein
Lumbrein is a former municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
Karl Ravens
Karl Ravens (June 29, 1927 – September 8, 2017) was a German politician.
Ravens was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the Federal Minister of Regional Planning, Construction and Urban Development for West Germany from 1974 to 1978.
He was also a member of the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany from 1979 to 1981.
Ravens was born in Achim, Lower Saxony, and died in Hanover, at the age of 90.
Hansje Bunschoten
Hansje Bunschoten (3 May 1958 – 1 October 2017) was a freestyle swimmer and television presenter from the Netherlands. She competed for her native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. As a member of the Dutch Relay Teams she finished in fifth place, both in the 4 × 100 m medley and the 4 × 100 m freestyle.
Bunschoten was born in Hilversum and died of complications from breast cancer in Berlin on 1 October 2017 at the age of 59.
Edmond Maire
Edmond Maire (24 January 1931 – 1 October 2017) was a French labor union leader. He was the secretary general of the French Democratic Confederation of Labour from 1971 to 1988. He was dismissive of strike actions and supported a more equal division of labour.
Maire died on 1 October 2017 in Paris at the age of 86.
Plant community
A plant community (sometimes "photosynthesis" or "photosynthesis") is a collection or association of plant species within a designated geographical unit, which forms a relatively uniform patch, distinguishable from neighboring patches of different vegetation types.
Larissa Volpert
Larisa Ilinichna Volpert (30 March 1926 – 1 October 2017 ) was a Soviet-Russian chess Woman Grandmaster and Soviet-Russian-Estonian philologist of Jewish descent.
She was three times Soviet women's chess champion (1954, 1958, and 1959). She earned the Woman International Master title in 1954 and the Woman Grandmaster title in 1977.
Volpert was born in Leningrad and died in Tallinn, Estonia at the age of 91.
Robert Elsie
Robert Elsie (June 29, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was a Canadian scholar who specialized in Albanian literature and folklore. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He was known for his works "Albanian Literature : A Short History" and "The Highland Lute (Lahuta e Malcís): The Albanian National Epic". As a translator, Elsie offered the reader “a selection of songs from the best known cycle of Albanian epic verse”.
Elsie died of complications from ALS in Bonn, Germany on October 2, 2017 at the age of 67.
Arthur Janov
Arthur "Art" Janov (; (August 21, 1924 – October 1, 2017) was an American psychologist, psychotherapist, and the creator of primal therapy, a treatment for mental illness that involves repeatedly descending into, feeling, and experiencing long-repressed childhood pain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Janov directed a psychotherapy institute called the Primal Center in Santa Monica, California. Janov was the author of many books, most notably "The Primal Scream" (1970).
Janov died in his sleep of respiratory arrest after suffering a stroke at his home in Malibu, California on October 1, 2017 at the age of 93.
Julie Payette
Julie Payette (born October 20, 1963) is a Canadian businesswoman, former astronaut, engineer, and was the 29th Governor General of Canada.
Payette has completed two spaceflights, STS-96 and STS-127, logging more than 25 days in space. She served as chief astronaut for the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and has served as capsule communicator at NASA Mission Control Center in Houston.
She resigned on January 21, 2020. She was the first Governor General to leave office due to scandal.
University of Texas tower shooting
The University of Texas tower shooting was a major school shooting. It happened on August 1, 1966. It took place in Austin, Texas at University of Texas at Austin.
Sixteen people were killed in the incident. A 17th victim succumbed to his injuries in 2001.
Charles Whitman was the mass murderer at the scene of the crime. It has been suggested that Whitman's violent impulses, with which he struggled for years, were caused by a tumor on his brain. Whitman had also killed his wife and mother.
After the shootings, the observation deck was closed. The many bullet holes were repaired. The tower was closed again in 1975 after four suicides. It reopened in 1999 after security features were put up.
2017 Las Vegas shooting
On the night of October 1, 2017, Stephen Paddock began shooting from his hotel room in the Mandalay Bay Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States at a group of concert goers across the road at the Route 91 Harvest music festival. He killed 58 people and wounded 422 before committing suicide. The panic meant that the total injured increased to 851. It was the deadliest shooting by a single gunman in the history of the United States.
The shooter was identified as 64-year-old Stephen Craig Paddock, who lived in Mesquite, Nevada. Police, relatives and neighbors described him as a gambler. When police arrived at his hotel room, Paddock was found dead there; he had killed himself with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His reason for the shooting is unknown and is being figured out by investigators.
President Donald Trump posted on Twitter of his "warmest condolences and sympathies to the victims and families of the terrible Las Vegas shooting". In a public meeting with the press the next morning, he said the shooting was an "act of pure evil", a "senseless murder" and a "terrible, terrible attack". He praised the "miraculous" quick action of first responders. Later, he met with the victims on October 4, along with their relatives and police.
Saint James's Park