The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government created in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the creation of the Vichy government in France.
Provisional Government of the French Republic
The Provisional Government of the French Republic (PGFR; ("GPRF") was an interim government of Free France between 1944 and 1946 after the liberation of continental France after Operations "Overlord" and "Dragoon", and lasted until the creation of the French Fourth Republic.
French Fourth Republic
The French Fourth Republic () was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution.
It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic that was in place from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, and suffered many of the same problems.
French Fifth Republic
The Fifth Republic (), France's current republican system of government, was created by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.
The Fifth Republic was created after the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state.
French Directory
The Directory (also called Directorate, ) was a five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.
French Consulate
The Consulate (French: "Le Consulat") was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804.
During this time, Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul ("Premier consul"), created himself as the head of a more authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler.
Napoleon brought authoritarian personal rule which has been viewed as military dictatorship.
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure (; 27 February 17673 March 1855) was a French lawyer and statesman. He is best known as the first head of state of the Second Republic.
French Executive Commission (1848)
The Executive Commission of 1848 was a short-lived government during the French Second Republic. It was chaired by François Arago. It lasted from 9 May 1848 to 24 June 1848. It replaced the Provisional Government of 1848 and was in turn replaced by the Cabinet of General Cavaignac.
The members of the Commission acted as joint head of state.
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac (; 15 October 1802 in Paris – 28 October 1857) was a French general. He was Chief of the Executive Power between June 1848 to December 1848. He also was Prime Minister of France at the same time.
Louis-Jules Trochu
Louis-Jules Trochu (; 12 March 18157 October 1896) was a French military leader and politician. He served as President of the Government of National Defense—France's "de facto" head of state—from 4 September 1870 until his resignation on 22 January 1871.
Patrice de MacMahon
Patrice de MacMahon, 6th Marquess of MacMahon, 1st Duke of Magenta (; born Marie Edme Patrice Maurice; 13 June 1808 – 17 October 1893), was a French general and politician. He was Chief of State of France from 1873 to 1875 and as President of France, from 1875 to 1879.
Jules Grévy
François Judith Paul Grévy (; 15 August 1807 – 9 September 1891) was President of France from 1879 to 1887, and one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republican faction.
Félix Faure
Félix François Faure (30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899.
Émile Loubet
Émile François Loubet (; 30 December 183820 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France and later President of France.
Armand Fallières
Clément Armand Fallières (; 6 November 1841 – 22 June 1931) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1906 to 1913.
Paul Deschanel
Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (; 13 February 1855 28 April 1922) was a French statesman. He was President of France from 18 February to 21 September 1920.
Alexandre Millerand
Alexandre Millerand (; – ) was a French politician. He was Prime Minister of France from 20 January to 23 September 1920 and President of France from 23 September 1920 to 11 June 1924.
Gaston Doumergue
Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (; 1 August 1863 18 June 1937) was a French politician. He was the President of France from 1924 to 1931.
Paul Doumer
Joseph Athanase Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer (; 22 March 18577 May 1932), was the President of France from 13 June 1931 until his assassination on 7 May 1932. At the age of 74, he is the oldest person elected president.
Ruth Williams Khama
Ruth Williams Khama is the first first lady of the Republic of Botswana since it gained its independence in 1966. She was a British citizen. Her love life with the first president of Botswana, Sir Seretse Khama was filled with controversies. They got kicked out of the country because the bangwato tribe believed Khama broke the laws by marrying a white woman. Controversies spiked because the bangwato had grudges over the whites, claiming they were killers and manipulators.
With many negotiations, the Khamas, Ruth and Seretse were able to return and eventually became the first president and first lady of Botswana.
Albert Lebrun
Albert François Lebrun (; 29 August 1871 – 6 March 1950) was a French politician. He was the President of France from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the Third Republic.
Félix Gouin
Félix Gouin (; 4 October 1884 – 25 October 1977) was a French Socialist politician who was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO).
Georges Bidault
Georges-Augustin Bidault (; 5 October 189927 January 1983) was a French politician. During World War II, he was active in the French Resistance. From 1949 to 1950, he was the Prime Minister of France.
Vincent Auriol
Vincent Jules Auriol (; 27 August 1884 – 1 January 1966) was a French politician. He was President of France from 1947 to 1954.
Léon Blum
André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister.
René Coty
Jules Gustave René Coty (; 20 March 188222 November 1962) was President of France from 1954 to 1959. He was the second and last president of the Fourth French Republic.
Pierre Werner
Pierre Werner (29 December 1913 – 24 June 2002) was a Luxembourgian politician in the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) who was the 18th Prime Minister from 1959 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1984.
Viktor Klima
Viktor Klima (born 4 June 1947) is an Austrian Social Democrat politician and businessman. He was chancellor of Austria from 1997 to 2000.
Paavo Lipponen
Paavo Tapio Lipponen () (born 23 April 1941) is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005.
Mirek Topolánek
Mirek Topolánek (, born 15 May 1956) is a Czech politician and business manager. He was Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2009 and Leader of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) from 2002 to 2010.
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
The Chairman of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: "Předseda vlády České republiky", normally referred to in English as the Prime Minister), is the head of the Government of the Czech Republic.
List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic
This is a list of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic, a political office that was created in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
Order of the Elephant