These ideas persisted for a long time, and some even still today. Ideas slowly began to change throughout the 1900s. Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) was an American Anthropologist who was interested in kinship systems and social evolution. He became deeply interested in the Native American populations, concerned about their struggles with colonialism and oppression. He was adopted by the Seneca Native American tribe, and worked closely with Ely S. Parker, a Seneca member to write "The League of the Iroquois". While Morgan gave Parker some initial credit for his contribution to the publication, Morgan still often took credit for the work, and even at times pushed harmful Native American Stereotypes. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (1832-1917) was a British Anthropologist, and often cited as the founder of cultural anthropology. He introduced the theory of progressive evolution, the idea that cultures evolved from primitive to modern, and that those considered primitive were just less evolved peoples than the western people who had modern culture, similar to the ideas of Darwin. Earnest Hooton (1887-1954) was an American Physical anthropologist, who spent his career advocating for eugenics and attempting to separate races into categories based on skeletal features and measurements. He sat on a Committee on the Negro, which studied the anatomy of Black people to try and prove that they were an inferior subgroup.
Franz Boas (1858-1942) was a German born American Anthropologist. He spent a lot of his career fighting against and working to deconstruct scientific racism. He was one of first to challenge the classification of human variation. He also took on a lot of minority students, both students of color and women, encouraging them in their projects. However, Boas did not always seem to grasp the of the lives of those he worked with who were trying to be scholars and to be activists for their people. And he wasn't always willing to collaborate with others (especially women) who challenged his ideas. However, Boas produced many well-known anthropologists who continued to carry on his ideas and legacy.
Since then, race has been proved to be a social construct. There is no biological basis for race, but humans have created race as a classification to justify centuries of slavery, genocide, and oppression. Differences in races should really be attributed to geography. Many differences in skeletal morphology, skin color, and even disease, are all rooted in geographical differences.
Regardless of the progress that has been made within the field of anthropology regarding race, the contributions and work of many black and indigenous anthropologists have been overlooked. Scholars such as W.E.B DuBois, Antenor Firmin, Zora Neale Hurston, Ely Parker, and Francis LeFresche are just a few.
Despite what we now know about race, anthropology still relies on the physical description of race. Forensic anthropology, which analyzes human remains with the intention of aiding criminal investigations still uses the descriptor of race to describe and match missing persons. The use of race still persists, because while we know that there is no real biological basis for race, there is a social basis for race, which must be acknowledged. We can use the genetic variation between populations of different geographical locations, known as ancestry, to determine possible race. This aids in finding missing persons and suspects, and matching missing persons to remains.
Machine
The Baron of Arizona
The Baron of Arizona is a 1950 American western movie directed by Samuel Fuller and was based on the 1949 article by Homer Croy. It stars Vincent Price, Ellen Drew, Vladimir Sokoloff, Beulah Bondi, Reed Hadley, Robert Barrat, Margia Dean, Jonathan Hale, Edward Keane and was distributed by Lippert Pictures.
The Web (movie)
The Web is a 1947 American crime thriller movie directed by Michael Gordon and starring Ella Raines, Edmond O'Brien, William Bendix, Vincent Price, Maria Palmer, Howland Chamberlain. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Borders of Israel
The state of Israel has borders with four countries: Lebanon in the north, Egypt (and Gaza) in the southwest, Jordan (and the West Bank) in the east, and Syria in the northeast. Israel also has "sea borders" in the Red Sea, the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The current borders Israel are the result of war, diplomatic agreements between Israel and its neighbors, and colonial powers from before its creation.
Some borders are internationally recognized while others are not accepted by all countries. The borders with Lebanon, Syria and Jordan are based on those drawn by the United Kingdom and France in 1923. The border with Egypt is the international border determined in 1906 between United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire. Israel's borders with Egypt and Jordan have been formally recognized as part official peace treaties between the countries. On the other hand, the borders with Syria and Palestinian National Authority are still in dispute between the sides involved. The Golan Heights area is at the heart of the dispute between Israel and Syria on their common border. There is agreement between Israel and Lebanon on their border, with the exception of a small area of known as the "Shebaa Farms" which Israel took over during a war. Since the 1990s, Israel and the Palestinian Authority have been negotiating a border between them as well.
Happy Joe's
Happy Joe's Pizza & Ice Cream Parlor is an American pizza parlor chain based in Bettendorf, Iowa. The restaurant chain was founded in 1972 by Lawrence Joseph "Happy Joe" Whitty. He was a former Shakey's Pizza manager.
Happy Joe's has 61 restaurants in North Dakota, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois.
Indoor cricket
Indoor cricket is a form of cricket that is played in an indoors area much smaller than a regular cricket field. There are multiple versions of indoor cricket, and games can be played with different time lengths.
The indoor cricket court is a area, with the pitch being long and meters wide except in the area where the bowler delivers the ball. There is a running crease 11 meters away from the batting crease. The batting crease is from the other popping crease.
The batsmen run between their grounds, which are separated by the batting crease and the running crease and the area between these creases, to score runs, with the bowler delivering the ball with part of their front foot behind the bowling crease (which is the popping crease at the bowler's end of the pitch; it is not to be confused with the "wicket line", the indoor cricket term for what regular cricket calls the bowling crease). The bowler is allowed to deliver the ball underarm, but if they do so, the ball must bounce beyond the underarm line. Teams may have less than 11 players.
Cynthia Ozick
Cynthia S. Ozick (born April 17, 1928) is an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. She mostly writes fiction. However, she also writes literary criticism, politics and history.
Ozick received an Edward Lewis Wallant Award and the National Jewish Book Award for her short story collection, "The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories" in 1971. She received the National Jewish Book Award for Fiction in 1977 for her book "Bloodshed and Three Novellas".
Ozick was selected as the winner of a Rea Award for the Short Story in 1986.
The novelist David Foster Wallace called Ozick one of the greatest living American writers.
26th century
The 26th century will begin on January 1, 2501 and will end on December 31, 2600.
Bandō prisoner of war camp