Since there are fewer virtual particles on the inside of the plates rather than the outside, there is a greater force on the outside of the plates. This causes the plates to be pushed inwards. Now, the energy density of the universe is zero. This is because every particle has positive energy, but it also has gravity, which balances it out with negative gravitational energy. Since there are fewer virtual particles within the plates, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates must be less than the energy density of spacetime outside the plates. However, since the energy density of the spacetime outside the plates is zero, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates is less than zero, or negative. Negative spacetime has odd properties, such as being saddle-shaped and allowing travel into the past.
Philippe Mestre
Philippe Mestre (23 August 1927 – 25 April 2017) was a French high-ranking civil servant, media executive and politician. He was born in Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, Vendée.
Mestre was the prefect of Gers, Basse-Normandie, Calvados, Pays de la Loire and Loire-Atlantique. He was the chief executive of "Presse-Océan" from 1981 to 1993.
Mestre served as a member of the National Assembly from 1981 to 1993, representing Vendée. He was the Minister of Veteran Affairs and War Victims from 1993 to 1995. He was a commander of the Legion of Honour and an officer of the National Order of Merit.
Mestre died on 25 April 2017 in Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, aged 89.
Brazo de Oro (wrestler)
Jesús Alvarado Nieves (October 7, 1959 – April 28, 2017) was a Mexican Luchador (professional wrestler).
Alvarado worked under the name Brazo de Oro (Spanish for "Arm of gold"). Alvarado worked as a booker for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and as head of the wrestlers' union. Brazo de Oro was part of the Alvarado wrestling family. Brazo de Oro's son La Mascara is a CMLL wrestler, as are his nephews Máximo and Psycho Clown.
Additionally, Brazo de Oro was previously married to former CMLL World Women's Champion Lady Apache.
Alvarado died on April 28, 2017 after suffering a heart attack in Mexico City at the age of 57.
Audre Lorde
Audre Lorde (February 18, 1934 – November 17, 1992) was an American writer, feminist, womanist, and civil rights activist. She was born in New York City.
Lorde was born almost blind and was tongue tied. At the age of four, Lorde learned how to read and talk. Lorde went to Catholic grammar schools. She went to Hunter College and Columbia University. She would say that “lesbian” and “black” didn’t really define her. She didn’t like being put in those categories. She was a lesbian. She was famous for her strong poems about racism and love.
Lorde died on November 17, 1992 in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands from liver cancer, aged 58.
Austin County, Texas
Austin County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 28,417 people lived there. The county seat is Bellville.
Bexar County, Texas
Bexar County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 1,714,773 people lived there. The county seat is San Antonio.
The county has a total area of 1,256 square miles. It is in south-central Texas.
In 2010, there were 1,714,773 people living in Bexar County.
Atascosa County, Texas
Atascosa County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 44,911 people lived there. The county seat is Jourdanton.
Blanco County, Texas
Blanco County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 10,497 people lived there. The county seat is Johnson City.
Cameron County, Texas
Cameron County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 406,220 people lived there. The county seat is Brownsville.
Orpheus and Eurydice
The ancient legend of Orpheus and Eurydice concerns the fateful love of Orpheus of Thrace, son of Apollo and the muse Calliope, for the beautiful Eurydice (from "Eurudike", "she whose justice extends widely").
Differential scanning calorimeter
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is an analysis tool widely used in materials sciences, thermochemistry, drug purity and food quality testing. Its speed and ease of operation give instant information about the thermodynamic characteristics that play an important role in understanding complex processes during the formation of substances; for instance, polymer cross-linking, heat exchange due to folding and unfolding of proteins or formation mechanism of single or double stranded DNA. The DSC was firstly invented in 1962 by E.S. Watson and M.J. O’Neil and made available to the market in 1963 at the "Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy" conference held in Pittsburgh.
The two most common types of differential scanning calorimeter, are "heat flux DSC", which operates by keeping the heat supply to the system as constant and "power-compensated DSC", which works by maintaining the power supplied to the calorimeter as constant. In general, a DSC calculates heat changes by measuring the temperature difference between the sample and reference holder. The typical design of the "heat flux DSC" can be seen from Figure 1. It contains the "sample holder", where the material of interest is placed, and the "reference holder", which is generally kept empty. Both of these are placed on a "support", which is in good contact with the "walls" of calorimeter. The "heating resistor" is attached to the boundary walls that enables one to obtain a furnace generating and keeping the required heat amount inside the enclosure. The "thermocouple" connected to both sample and reference holder is a measuring device that gives the temperature to be used in the analysis. Heat supplied by the "heating resistor" flows further into the sample and the reference materials chambers.
The simplest theoretical approach to understand the working mechanism of DSC’s is called the simplified "linear model" and makes use of the following assumptions:
The Fourier’s law of heat conduction, which is the fundamental law explaining how the heat is transferred through materials can be used to see the relationship between the temperature and the heat flow in the system. This law states that the amount of heat energy passing through a small portion of an area (A) of a material, which is called heat flux density and denoted by formula_1 is equivalent to thermal conductivity (k) multiplied by the change in the temperature with respect to position, which can be denoted as formula_2. This relationship in an equation form can be written as,
formula_3
Generally, in DSC a computer is used to supply heat at specific rate into both the reference and sample holders. When the sample holder contains a substance while the reference kept empty leads to either increase or decrease in temperature of sample holder denoted by formula_4 depending on the following processes:
Then, the resulting change in the heat flow due to these temperature variations can be found by using the Fourier's law as the following,
formula_5
or
formula_6
Hence, based on this simple model it turns out that there is a direct proportionality(K) between the heat flow and the temperature variations of the sample. This proportionality constant is dependent on the distance from the wall to the sample shown as (Δx), the cross section area of the support (A) and the thermal conductivity (k). Generally, the main results of the DSC experiment is an output signal of heat flow rate as a function of temperature, which are called DSC curves . Analysis of these curves plays an important role in determination of heat of transformation, heat of reactions or any changes in heat capacity due to temperature variations, for instance, the enthalpy of exothermic and endothermic processes can be determined by finding the area under the DSC curve using a mathematical technique called integral calculus.