The Chinese term ("xǐ năo", literally "wash brain") was originally used to describe methodologies of coercive persuasion used under the Maoist regime in China. The methods aimed to change people's mindset so they became "right-thinking" members of the new Chinese social system.
Hunter and those who picked up the Chinese term used it to explain why, unlike in earlier wars, a relatively high percentage of American GIs defected to the enemy side after becoming prisoners-of-war. British radio operator Robert W. Ford and British Army Colonel James Carne also claimed that the Chinese subjected them to brainwashing techniques during their war-era imprisonment. The most prominent case in the U.S. was that of Frank Schwable, a prisoner in the war. While in custody, he confessed to having taken part in germ warfare.
After the Korean War, mind control theories shifted in focus from politics to religion. From the 1960s an increasing number of youths started to come into contact with new religious movements (NRM). Some who converted suddenly adopted beliefs and behaviors that differed greatly from those of their families and friends; in some cases they neglected or broke contact with their loved ones. Those against cults explained these sudden and seemingly dramatic religious conversions as due to mind control. The media was quick to follow suit, and social scientists sympathetic to the anti-cult movement, who were usually psychologists, developed more sophisticated models of brainwashing. While some psychologists were receptive to these theories, sociologists were for the most part skeptical of their ability to explain conversion to NRMs.
Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology
Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology (ACCET-Karaikudi) is an autonomous (with effect from 2009) college of engineering in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established in 1952. The college is under the control of the state government. It is a member institute under the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme in India (11 colleges were selected from Tamil Nadu).
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Water Walk
The Water Walk or Infants Walk (Allée d'Eau ou Allée des Marmousets) is a group of 14 fountains at Versailles. These fountains depict children supporting small basins of water. The Water Walk gently slopes from the Parterre du Nord to the Dragon Fountain and the Neptune Fountain. The Water Walk comprises three paths separated by two great lawns. The fourteen fountains are set in each of the two lawns, seven apiece. Another eight were added to the semicircle near the Walk's end. The Walk was created in 1670. The concept was that of Claude Perrault. The children were sculpted by Buirette, Le Hongre, Lerambert, and Mazeline after drawings by Le Brun. The children were originally cast in lead and painted realistically in natural colours. They supported baskets of fruit and flowers. These figures were replaced with gilded bronze copies and basins of marble in 1688.
Dragon Fountain
The Dragon Fountain at the Palace of Versailles was executed by Gaspard Marsy in 1667. The fountain lies at the end of the northern axis between the Water Walk and Neptune Fountain. The Dragon Fountain shoots a jet of water 90 feet into the air. The Dragon Fountain was only operated when it was known the King would be present. All of the other fountains were required to be turned off for this spectacle to be accomplished. At other times it was regulated to a 35 foot jet. Statues of children mounted upon swans bedevil the Dragon.
Frankie Howerd
Francis Alick Howard, known as Frankie Howerd OBE (6 March 1917 - 19 April 1992) was a British comedian and comedy actor. He was born in York, North Riding of Yorkshire. He starred in several movies, including "Carry On Doctor" and "Carry On Up the Jungle". He starred in television series including "Up Pompeii!". He was a promiscuous homosexual and lived with his manager-partner Dennis Heymer (1928-2009) from 1955 until his death. Howerd died of heart failure in Fulham, London.
Waistcoat
A waistcoat (known as a vest in the United States) is a sleeveless upper-body garment. It is worn over a dress shirt and necktie, and below a coat as a part of most men's formal wear. It is the third piece of the three-piece male suit.
The waistcoat has quite a long history, going back to King Charles II. It was derived from the Persian vests seen by English visitors to the court of Shah Abbas.
As an item of clothing, the waistcoat has the advantage that if the jacket is taken off indoors, the outfit still keeps a degree of formality.
QNX
QNX is an Unix-like, real-time operating system that is embedded in cars, medical devices, machinery, and other devices. The QNX operating system contains a microkernel that handles basic core tasks and a group of servers / daemons outside of the kernel that handle most other tasks. This design gives end-users and developers greater control (i.e. freedom) over the operating system. BlackBerry (formerly RIM) devices such as the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet and the BlackBerry smartphone use modified versions of the QNX operating system.
Neptune Fountain
The Neptune Fountain or the Fountain of Neptune (Fr: "Bassin de Neptune") is a fountain at the Palace of Versailles. It was built under the direction of landscape designer André Le Nôtre between 1679 and 1681. At that time, it was called the Pool Below the Dragon or the Fir Tree Pool. The Fountain is at the end of the long path that features the Water Walk and the Dragon Fountain. Jacques-Ange Gabriel reworked the pool area very slightly, and, in 1740, the lead sculptures were put in place. The new fountain was officially opened by King Louis XV of France.
The fountain has 99 jets of water. People admired the force and variety of the jets of water playing over the sculptural groups. The fountain is decorated with stone vases, sea cupids, and three central sculpted groups depicting "Neptune and Amphitrite" by L. A. Adam, "Proteus" by Bouchardin, and "Ocean" by Jean-Baptise Lemoyne. The Neptune Fountain is the largest of all the fountain pools in the gardens of Versailles. Fireworks during the summer months create spectacular displays that are reflected in the fountain's large pool.
Kahina
Dihya (Algerian Arabic: ', Berber: ', Dihya, or Damya), was a Berber queen and religious and military leader. She led the native people to resist Arab expansion in Northwest Africa. This happened in the region then known as Numidia, which is eastern Algeria today. She was born in the early 7th century and died around the end of the 7th century in what is now Algeria.
Giulia Farnese
Giulia Farnese (1474 – 23 March 1524) was mistress to Pope Alexander VI.
Marozia
Marozia, born Maria and also known as Mariuccia or Mariozza (c. 890 – 26 June c. 936), was a Roman noblewoman who was said to be the mistress of Pope Sergius III.
Edith the Fair
Edith Swan Neck, known as Edith the Fair (c. 1025 – c. 1086), was the wife of King Harold II of England.
Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile
Agatha (before 1030 – after 1070) was the wife of Edward the Exile. He was supposed to become the next King of England.
Solomonia Saburova
Saint Solomonia Yuryevna Saburova (c. 1490 – 18 December 1542) was the first wife of Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy. She was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Sofia of Suzdal.
Johan Galtung
Johan Galtung (born 24 October 1930 in Oslo) is a Norwegian sociologist and mathematician. He is the main founder of the discipline of peace and conflict studies. He think that world peace is not only the absence of war but freedom from poverty and any discrimination. In 1987, he won the Right Livelihood Award.
List of national trees
A tree emblem is a tree or plant that is chosen by a country as a symbol or emblem for that country.
Natore District
Natore is a district of Rajshahi Division in northern Bangladesh.
It borders the metropolitan city of Rajshahi, and used to be part of Rajshahi district.