In 1959, he published three plays in one book. The book was called "Teatro" ("Theater"). The first play was "La muerte no entrará en palacio" ("Death Will Not Enter the Palace"). This play was about a governor who betrays his ideals. The second play was called "Un niño azul para esa sombra" ("A Blue Child for That Shadow"). The third play was the most successful, "Los soles truncos" ("Maimed Suns"). "Los soles truncos" tells the story of three sisters who do not like modern life.
He influenced later Puerto Rican playwrights, such as Luis Rafael Sanchez (author of "Antigone"), Pedro Pietri (author of "The Masses are Asses"), and Lin-Manuel Miranda (author of "Hamilton"). He influenced the Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi (author of Yo-Yo Boing!).
Puerto Rican literature
Puerto Rico has a vibrant literature. Puerto Rican poetry, novels, essays, and theater plays are mostly written in Spanish. However, Puerto Rican authors sometimes write in a mixture of Spanish and English and in English. The most important authors are René Marqués, Julia de Burgos, Rosario Ferrer, Luis Rafael Sanchez, Giannina Braschi, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Esmeralda Santiago.
Puerto Rican women novelists have been successful internationally. They have won many prizes. Their books have been translated into many languages. They write satires, humorous novels, poems, and political essays The island's storytellers include Rosario Ferrer ("Eccentric Neighborhoods"), Giannina Braschi ("United States of Banana"), Ana Lydia Vega ("Pollito Chicken"), Mayra Santos ("Sirena Selena"), and Esmeralda Santiago ("When I Was Puerto Rican"). The major female poets are Julia de Burgos (who wrote lyrical poems such as "Yo fui mi ruta") and Giannina Braschi (author the poetry epic "Empire of Dreams").
In the 20th century, many Puerto Ricans moved to New York City for a better life. They are called "Nuyorican." Nuyorican means Puerto Rican people who live in New York.
The most famous Puerto Rican novels are "Down These Mean Streets" by Piri Thomas and "Yo-Yo Boing!" by Giannina Braschi. Both books talk of New York City life for immigrants. Their books discuss the harsh side of the American Dream. Both novels also use a mixture of Spanish and English called Spanglish.
The Nuyorican movement is a tradition of poets, writers, artists, and musicians who create works about Puerto Rican life in New York City. The male poets include Miguel Algarin, Tato Laviera, Pedro Pietri ("Masses are Asses"), and Miguel Pinero (Outlaw). The main Nuyorican women poets are Sandra Maria Esteves and Giannina Braschi (Empire of Dreams).
The most famous Puerto Rican playwright is Lin Manuel Miranda, author of the Broadway musical "Hamilton". Miranda's successful musical won many awards, including Drama Desk Award and Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The play is about the American revolution in 1776. One actress Rosie Perez wrote an autobiography called ""Handbook for an Unpredictable Life: How I Survived Sister Renata and My Crazy Mother, and Still Came Out Smiling..."" (2014). Famous Puerto Rican plays are "Short Eyes" by Miguel Pinero and "The Oxcart" by René Marqués. Latino theater companies that produce Puerto Rican plays include Pregones, Puerto Rican Traveling Theater, and Aguijon Theater.
Born in Puerto Rico, USA
Born stateside
Giannina Braschi
Giannina Braschi (San Juan, Puerto Rico, 5 February 1953) is a Puerto Rican poet, novelist, and scholar. Her best-known books are "Empire of Dreams", "Yo-Yo Boing!", and "United States of Banana".
Giannina Braschi was a model, singer, and tennis champion in her childhood. Her family imported cars to Puerto Rico. She studied literature and philosophy in Madrid, Rome, London, Paris, and New York. She has a Ph.D. in Hispanic Literature. She taught at Rutgers University. Her life's work is the subject of the book "Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi".
She is also an activist. She advocates for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.
She lives in New York City.
Giannina Braschi writes in Spanish, Spanglish, and English. She writes about love, creativity, immigration, and liberty. She is "one of the most revolutionary" writers in Latin America today." The word "revolutionary" means to her style is very creative. She also writes about revolution.
She wrote the poetry epic "Empire of Dreams" (1988) about New York City. Her poetry is humorours. She wrote the first Spanglish novel "Yo-Yo Boing!" (1998). Spanglish is a mix of the English and Spanish languages. She wrote the novel "United States of Banana" (2011) about terrorism and the collapse of the United States. The novel opens with the fall of the World Trade Center in 2001, and ends with the liberation of Puerto Rico.
Her books have been turned into art books, photography, painting, and sculpture. There is a comic book of United States of Banana (2017) by the Swedish cartoonist Joakim Lindengren. The same book was turned into a play.
She has won awards from National Endowment for the Arts, New York Foundation for the Arts, Ford Foundation, Danforth, and Reed Foundations, Puerto Rican Institute of Culture, and PEN American Center, among others.
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