The Western Regions or Xiyu () refers to Central Asia, specifically west of the Yumen pass. It was used in Chinese between the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD.
It sometimes refers to Xinjiang or even northern parts of the Indian subcontinent (as in the novel "Journey to the West").
Because it is located on the Silk Road, the xiyu have been important since at least the 3rd century BC.
The Han–Xiongnu War (ended 89 AD) was fought there. In the 7th century, the Tang campaign against the Western Regions led to Chinese control of the region.
The xiyu became an important place of exchange between East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Muslim world.
This was especially true during the Mongol Empire. Buddhism spread through the region to China.
The Tang dynasty monk Xuanzang crossed the region on his way to study in India. When he returned to Chang'an, the influential "Great Tang Records on the Western Regions" was written.
Weilüe
The Weilüe () was written by Yu Huan between 239 and 265. Yu Huan was a politician of Cao Wei (220–265) during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Yu Huan is considered good among Chinese scholars.
Cologny
Cologny is a municipality in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
Emperor Ming of Han
Emperor Ming of Han (15 June 28 AD – 5 September 75 AD) was the second emperor of China's Eastern Han Dynasty.
He was born .
Kalman filter
The Kalman filter is an algorithm (a step-by-step process) that helps people remove errors from numbers. It is named for Rudolf E. Kálmán, a mathematician who helped to make it.
Science can use the Kalman filter in many ways. One important use is steering airplanes and space ships. People also use the Kalman filter to make a model of how humans use nerves and muscles to move their bodies.
The Kalman filter has two steps. The first step is predicting (trying to say what you think will happen). The Kalman filter makes a first guess about what we think is true (an "estimate") and how certain we are that it is true ("uncertainty"). Next, the Kalman filter makes a new guess by using a weighted average. More certain numbers are more important in this weighted average. After doing these two steps, we use the new guess to start these steps again.
An Shigao
An Shigao () lived from 148-180 CE. He was a Buddhist. And he helped translate Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese. According to legend, he was a prince of Parthia (modern Iran). He gave up being a prince to become a Buddhist missionary monk in China.
Thônex
Thônex is a municipality of the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It is in the east of the canton and shares a border with the French town of Ambilly.
In 1869, the municipality was created when Chêne-Thônex split into two independent municipalities Chêne-Bourg and Thônex.
American Indian Wars
The American Indian Wars (also known as the Indian Wars or the First Nations Wars; ) is the name for the various battles that were fought by European, American, and Canadian governments and colonists against various American Indian and First Nation tribes. These conflicts happened in North America from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the 1920s. The various Indian Wars resulted from a wide variety of factors, including cultural differences, land disputes, and crimes committed by both sides. The European powers and their colonies also enlisted Indian tribes to help them do war against each other's colonial settlements.
After the American Revolution, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions. The conflicts were usually about disputes over land use; some had cycles of violent actions. The British Royal Proclamation of 1763, included in the Constitution of Canada, banned white settlers from taking the lands of native peoples in Canada without signing a treaty with them. It is still law in Canada today, and 11 Numbered Treaties, limited the number of conflicts.
As white settlers went west across America after 1780, the size, length of time, and intensity of conflicts increased between settlers and various Indians. The biggest came in the War of 1812, which resulted in the defeat of major Indian coalitions in the Midwest and the South. Conflict with settlers happened less, and treaties became more common. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed the US government to remove natives from east of the Mississippi River to the west. The west was what the government believed to be empty American frontier. (Many tribes had a lot of territory in this area, however.) The federal US policy of removal was eventually changed in the West. It was changed to relocating Indian tribes to specially designated and federally protected reservations.
Yao Qian Shu
The money tree (Chinese: 搖錢樹; yao qian shu; literally: shake money tree) is a holy tree that can give you money if you shake it.
It came from the Han Dynasty. Bronze qianshu are appear a lot in Sichuan graves.
Dry county
A dry county is a county in the United States whose government does not allow the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some don't allow off-premises sales, some don't allow on-premises sale, and some don't allow both. Many dry counties exist in the United States. Most of them in the South. Some smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which don't allow alcohol to be sold. These are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (minimal alcohol prohibitions) and "moist" (fewer prohibitions than "dry" but more than "wet").
Parliament of Finland
The Parliament of Finland (, ) is the unicameral supreme legislature of Finland. It was founded on 9 May 1906. It works with the Constitution of Finland. The power is vested in the Parliament. The Parliament is made up of 200 members, 199 of whom are elected every four years. In addition, there is one member from Åland.
Legislation may start by either the Government or one of the members of Parliament.
Kucha
Kucha (, ) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom in Xinjiang (East Turkestan).
It was on the Silk Road.
Jeremy Kemp
Jeremy Kemp (3 January 1935 – 19 July 2019) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in the miniseries "The Winds of War", the movie "The Blue Max" and the TV series "Z-Cars".
Michael English (politician)
Michael English (24 December 1930 – 13 July 2019) was a British Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament for the British Parliament for Nottingham West from 1964 to 1983.
English died on 13 July 2019 at the age of 88.
Nicodemus, Kansas
Nicodemus is an unincorporated community in Graham County, Kansas, United States. The community was created in 1877. it is named after the Biblical figure Nicodemus.
The Nicodemus National Historic Site is in Nicodemus. The place commemorates the only remaining western town created by African Americans during the Reconstruction Period. During the last weekend of July, former residents and their descendants return for celebrations and parades.
In 1976, Nicodemus was named a National Historic Landmark. As of 2018, its First Baptist Church, African Methodist Episcopal Church, and other historic buildings are in bad condition that they cannot be opened to the public.
The United States Census Bureau says that the Nicodemus township has an area of 32.4 square miles. The town is along Highway 24 in the Great Plains.
Summer is typically long and hot. Thunderstorms are common during summer. Spring and fall are usually short, while winter is cold. The average precipitation is about 22 inches.
Lengger
Lengger is a traditional dance from the Banyumasan area of the central Java, Indonesia.
Ragged school