By 1887, some people were very frustrated with Kalākaua. They blamed him for the Kingdom's growing debt. They accused him of being a spendthrift. Some foreigners wanted to force him to abdicate and put his sister Liliuokalani onto the throne. Others wanted to end the monarchy altogether and make the islands part of the United States. The people who wanted to be part of the United States formed a group called the Hawaiian League. In 1887, members of the League armed with guns got together. The King was frightened by this show of force. He offered to transfer his powers to the foreign ministers representing the United States, the United Kingdom, or Portugal. The members of the league instead asked him to sign a new constitution.
This new constitution was nicknamed the Bayonet Constitution. It took away much of the King's executive power. It took away the voting rights of most native Hawaiians. The legislature could override a veto by the King. The King was no longer allowed to take action without approval of the cabinet. The House of Nobles, the house of legislature appointed by the King, was to be elected. Non-Hawaiian citizens could now vote. Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution to give power back to the king, but it failed.
By 1890, the King was ill. Under the advice of his physician, he went to San Francisco. His health continued to get worse. He died on January 20, 1891 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. His final words were, "Tell my people I tried."
Kalākaua's remains were sent to Honolulu aboard the American cruiser USS "Charleston". Because he did not have any children, his sister, Liliuokalani, became queen.
King Kalākaua was called "the Merrie Monarch" because he loved the joyful things in life. While he was king, people started to do hula again. (It had been banned by Queen Kaahumanu in 1830.) There is a hula festival named for him, the Merrie Monarch Festival. He also brought back the Hawaiian martial art of Lua, and surfing. He and his brother and sisters were known as the "Royal Fours" for their musical talents. He wrote "Hawaii Ponoi", which is the state song of Hawaii today. Kalākaua strongly supported the ukulele as a Hawaiian instrument.
"Kalākaua Avenue" in Waikiki is named after him. It is the main avenue of Waikiki. It goes from the Ala Wai Canal to Waikiki beach. It continues almost to the Diamond Head crater.
Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse may also be called psychological violence, emotional abuse or mental abuse.
It is when a person puts another person under abuse which may result in psychological trauma. The abuse may result in anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. This kind of behaviour is an extreme kind of bullying.
This abuse happens most often when one person has power over another.
It may result in narcissism, depression, anxiety, and other disorders.
The term does not mean physical abuse. The most common thing to happen is verbal abuse. Blaming, shaming, and name calling are signs of verbal abuse which can affect a victim emotionally.
Anniversary
An anniversary is a day on which people remember or celebrate an event that happened on the same date in a past year. The most common example is a birthday, where the birth of a person is celebrated every year on the month and day of which they were born. The first "anniversary" of something is celebrated exactly one year after the initial event occurred. The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints.
Other examples of common anniversaries are those of weddings and deaths. Having anniversaries for sad incidents can be for remembering someone special, like a famous person that touched many peoples lives or to remember a tragic incident, so that it doesn't happen again. Most countries around the world celebrate national anniversaries. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution, or the coronation of a monarch.
There are different Latin names used for anniversaries depending on the number of years that has passed since the initial event. For example, "biennial" means that two years has passed, "decennial" means that ten years has passed, and "centennial" means that 100 years has passed. For example, many countries have held a big celebration in the 100th anniversary of their country.
Arrondissement of Muret
The arrondissement of Muret is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Garonne "département" in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Muret.
When the Haute-Garonne department was created in 1790, Muret was one of the districts of the department and, with the creation of "arrondissements" in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Muret was part of that original department, but it was eliminated in 1803 and, in 1806, became again an "arrondissement".
In 1926, the "arrondissement" of Muret was eliminated again but, in 1942, it was made again an "arrondissement".
It is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the second in population with 215,606 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km²
The "arrondissement" is bordered to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Toulouse, to the south by the Ariège (Occitanie) department, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Saint-Gaudens and to the northwest by the Gers (Occitanie) department.
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".
In the "arrondissement" of Muret, there are three cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Cazères, Escalquens and Plaisance-du-Touch. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondiissements":
The "arrondissement" of Muret has 126 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):
The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are:
Arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens
The arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Garonne "département" in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Saint-Gaudens.
When the Haute-Garonne department was created in 1790, Saint-Gaudens was one of the districts of the department and, with the creation of "arrondissements" in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Gaudens was part of that original department.
It is the most southern of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of ; most of the "arrondissement" lies on the Pyrenees mountain range. It is the "arrondissement" of Haut-Garonne with fewest people living there, with a population with 77,545 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km²
The "arrondissement" is bordered north by the Gers (Occitanie) department, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Muret, to the east by the Ariège (Occitanie) department, to the south by Spain and to the west by the Hautes-Pyrénées (Occitanie) department.
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".
In the "arrondissement" of Saint-Gaudens, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement", the canton of Cazères. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondiissements":
The "arrondissement" of Saint-Gaudens has 237 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):
The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are:
Arrondissement of Toulouse
The arrondissement of Toulouse is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Garonne "département" in the Occitanie region. Its capital, and préfecture of the department, is the city of Toulouse.
When the Haute-Garonne department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Toulouse was part of that original department and was made the capital (préfecture) of it.