In structures with more than one floor, the term "spandrel" can also mean the space between the top of the window in one floor and the threshold of the window in the floor above.
Spandrels have different meanings in architecture and art history.
Arches commonly exist in bridge constructions, so spandrels may appear in such structures. Historically, most arch expansions had solid spandrels, meaning that the areas between arches were completely filled in with masonry. This was true until the use of steel and reinforced concrete began in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Structures of domes can also contain spandrels. Where domes are needed to rest on a square or a rectangular base, the dome is raised above the level of the supporting pillars with three-dimensional spandrels called pendentives. These triangular segments take the weight of the dome and place it onto the poles.
Rodney Wilkes
Rodney Adolphus Wilkes (11 March 1925 – 24 March 2014) was a weightlifter from Trinidad and Tobago. He was nicknamed "The Mighty Midget" for his great strength and height. He won a silver medal for weightlifting during the 1948 London. He then won the bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He competed in the 1956 Summer OLympics.
Paulo Schroeber
Paulo Schroeber (18 August 1973 – 24 March 2014) was a Brazilian metal guitarist. He was best known for his work with Almah. He was also a member of Astafix, Hammer 67, Burning in Hell and Fear Ritual by the time of his death. He was born in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.
Schroeber died from heart failure following complications to reset an artificial pacemaker on March 24, 2014 in his hometown of Caxias do Sul. He was 40 years old.
Ben Staartjes
Bernard "Ben" Staartjes (9 December 1928 - 18 March 2014) was a Dutch sailor. He represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, Germany. In 1980, Staartjes was Chef de Equipe of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn. He was born in Amsterdam.
Staartjes was born in Amsterdam. He died in Kapellen, Belgium, aged 85.
Mercy Edirisinghe
Mercy Edirisinghe (1945/1946 – 17 March 2014) was a popular Sri Lankan stage actress and singer. Her most famous play was a musical by Lushan Bulathsinhala, called Tharavo Igilethi (Ducks fly). He career has lasted for nearly 60 years. She was born in Ambepussa, Sri Lanka.
Edirisinghe died in Gampaha, Sri Lanka.
7 Year Bitch
7 Year Bitch was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington.
In 1990 the band was started by Selene Vigil, Stefanie Sargent, Elizabeth Davis and Valerie Agnew as Barbie's Dream Car. After releasing their first single they were signed with C/Z Records. In 1992 the band's first album "Sick 'Em" was released by C/Z Records. In 1994 "¡Viva Zapata!" was released. In 1996 the band's last album "Gato Negro" was released by Atlantic Records.
Peter Oakley
Peter Oakley (20 August 1927 – 23 March 2014) was a British internet blogger. He was better known by his pseudonym geriatric1927 on the popular video sharing website YouTube.
Oakley was born in Norwich, Norfolk, England.
By mid-2006, Oakley was the most subscribed user on YouTube. His rise to the #1 position took place in just over a week. Oakley had 30,000 subscribers as of 25 November 2006 and over 53,000 subscribers as of 24 May 2010.
He ranks as the 52nd most subscribed all time in the United Kingdom, and is the 19th most subscribed "Director" of all time in the United Kingdom.
As of June 2012, Oakley has over 350 videos on YouTube under his channel geriatric1927.
Oakley was later diagnosed with cancer which was too far advanced for treatment and he was not expected to live. He posted his final video on February 12, 2014. He died in Bakewell, Derbyshire, England, aged 86.
Ralph Wilson
Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (October 17, 1918 - March 25, 2014) was the founder and the owner of NFL's Buffalo Bills. The Ralph Wilson Stadium is named after him.
Wilson was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was raised in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Wilson studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Michigan Law School.
He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League, the league that the NFL merged with in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the National Football League, at age 95. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 8, 2009.
Wilson died in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from natural causes, aged 95.
Ramzan Kadyrov
Ramzan Kadyrov (, ; born 5 October 1976) is a Chechen politician. He became the Head of the Chechen Republic in February 2007. He is a former Chechen rebel.
Lyndhurst, Hampshire
Lyndhurst, Hampshire is a village in New Forest, Hampshire, England. It is near Southampton. About 2,970 people live here.
Lil B
Brandon Christopher McCartney (born August 17, 1989), known by his stage name Lil B, is an American rapper. Lil B is also known as The BasedGod.
When he was 16, he started rapping with the hip hop group The Pack. They released a single called "Vans". Lil B released his first album with The Pack on October 30, 2007.
Hubert de Givenchy
Count Hubert James Marcel Taffin de Givenchy (21 February 1927 – 10 March 2018) was a French fashion designer. He founded The House of Givenchy in 1952.
He was famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, as well as clothing for clients such as Jacqueline Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1970.
De Givenchy died in his sleep at the Renaissance chateau near Paris on 10 March 2018, aged 91.
Al Rosen
Albert Leonard "Al" Rosen (February 29, 1924 – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer" (he was of Jewish descent), was an American professional baseball player. He was a third baseman and right-handed slugger in the Major Leagues for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.
Rosen played for the Cleveland Indians throughout his entire baseball career. He began playing for them in 1947. He retired in 1956.
Rosen was born on February 29, 1924 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was raised in Miami, Florida. Rosen died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 90.
Shammi Kapoor
Shammi Kapoor (born Shamsher Raj Kapoor; 21 October 1930 – 14 August 2011) was an Indian movie actor and director. He was a famous lead actor in Hindi cinema from the late 1950s until the early 1970s. He was known as "India's Elvis Presley".
He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1968 for his role in "Brahmachari" and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for "Vidhaata" in 1982.
Kapoor died from chronic kidney failure in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, aged 79.
Kulbhushan Kharbanda
Kulbhushan Kharbanda (born 21 October 1944) is an Indian actor. He worked in Hindi and Punjabi movie. He is better known for his role as Shakaal in "Shaan" (1980) inspired by the character of Blofeld from James Bond movies.
He also starred in "Arth" (1982), "Ek Chadar Maili Si" (1986). He also appeared in all Deepa Mehta's Elements trilogy, "Fire" (1996), "Earth" (1998), and "Water" (2005).
Kharbanda was born in Hasan Abdal, Punjab, British India (now Pakistan).
Tanuja
Tanuja Mukherjee, popularly known as Tanuja, (born 23 Spetember 1943) is an Indian movie actress. She is the mother of Kajol and Tanisha. She is known for her roles in "Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi" (1966), "Jewel Thief", "Haathi Mere Saathi" (1971), and "Anubhav" (1971).
Tanuja was born in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India.
Waheeda Rehman
Waheeda Rehman (born 14 May 1936) is an Indian movie and stage actress. She mostly appeared in Hindi movies. She was known for her roles in "Reshma Aur Shera", "Guide", "Neel Kamal", and in "Khamoshi".
Rehman was born in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, British India.
Helen Richardson