Shortland joined the Royal Navy in 1781 as a midshipman. After served in Quebec and the West Indies. His father, Captain John Shortland (1739-1803), was the person in the Navy who organized many of the details for the First Fleet which took the first convicts to Australia in 1788. He arranged for two of his sons, John and Thomas George Shortland (1771 – 1827), to sail with him on the First Fleet. Shortland was the master's mate on "HMS Sirius" with Captain John Hunter. He was also on the ship when it was wrecked on Norfolk Island in 1790. He left Australia in 1792.
In 1792, Shortland came back to Australia with Hunter. Hunter had been made Governor of New South Wales and Shortland was First Lieutenant on the "Reliance". Other officers on the ship were Matthew Flinders and George Bass. In 1797 Shortland found and named the Hunter River while searching for escaped convicts. He explored the area which is now the city of Newcastle. He made the first charts of the harbour. Shortland was given grants of land at Liberty Plains and Bankstown. He also served as a member of the Criminal Court in Sydney. He missed the excitement of navy life and in 1800 he returned to England on the "Reliance".
Shortland served in Egypt and then on the "Dolphin" and the "Trompeuse". He went to Guinea and after the death of its captain, became captain of the "Squirrel". In 1805 at Halifax he was made captain of the "Juno", a captured 40 gun French frigate. In 1809 he made a brave but unsuccessful attack on four French ships. The "Juno" was destroyed and Shortland died of his wounds. The French buried him with military honours at Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe.
The Newcastle suburb of Shortland, and the Division of Shortland - an electoral division in the Australian parliament were named after him. He was honoured with a postage stamp for the 150th anniversary but the artist made a mistake and it was Shortland's father's image on the stamp.
Karla Bonoff
Karla Bonoff (December 27, 1951 in Los Angeles) is an American singer-songwriter. Her songs have been performed by others, including Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt and Wynonna Judd. Her self-titled debut album was released in 1977. Her cover of "Personally" was in 1982.
Cockfight
A cockfight is a blood sport between two or more roosters that is held inside a cockpit. The combatants, called gamecocks, are specially bred birds. Cockfights are called blood sports by animal welfare and animal rights groups due to trauma inflicted between the roosters. The sport is illegal in the United States (and a felony in thirty States).
Peterhouse, Cambridge
Peterhouse is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1284 and is the oldest college. It is also one of the smallest ones, with less than 400 total students.
In 1280, Hugo de Balsham, the person who created the college, was first allowed to keep some students following the same rules of Merton College, Oxford. At first, they stayed where St John's College is now. Four years later, they bought some land near the Church of St Peter in Trumpington Street, where Peterhouse is still found now. Over the years, Peterhouse has been centre of many important events. It was here that many discussions about religion and the Protestant Reformation took place. Peterhouse was also the second building in England to get electricity, after the Palace of Westminster.
Some very important people have studied here. Five of them have won Nobel Prizes:
Others include:
Oleta Adams
Oleta Adams (born May 4, 1953, Yakima, Washington) is an American gospel and soul singer, pianist and songwriter. She was especially popular in the late 1980s and 1990s. She did a Grammy Award nominated cover version of "Get Here" (originally performed by Brenda Russell).
Robinson College, Cambridge
Robinson College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1977 so it is the newest college in Cambridge. It allowed both men and women from the start. Today, it has about 550 students. The college was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981. Because it is new, it does not have many of the traditions of the older colleges. For example, students can walk on the grass in the college gardens.
It takes the name from David Robinson who gave £18 million to build the college. He also gave £3 million to build a new part of the Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. The buildings are made of red brick and are found in Grange Road, a few minutes away from the city centre of Cambridge.
Some important people have studied here, like Nick Clegg, the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Vaginal flatulence
Vaginal flatulence is the noisy emission of air from the vagina. It can happen during sexual intercourse, stretching or through no particular activity. An informal term for this is "queef".
The Vanishing (1993 movie)
The Vanishing is a 1993 drama thriller movie. It stars Sandra Bullock, Nancy Travis, Jeff Bridges and Kiefer Sutherland. It is about the abduction and murder of a girl named Diane (played by Bullock). This was directed by George Sluizer, who also directed a 1988 version of "The Vanishing". The one released in 1993 got substandard reviews while in theaters.
Barry Tuckwell
Barry Emmanuel Tuckwell (5 March 1931 – 16 January 2020) was an Australian horn player. He spent most of his professional life in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Barry Tuckwell was born on 5 March 1931 in Melbourne. His younger sister Patricia is a violinist and fashion model widely known as Bambi. She married a photographer and later George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.
Tuckwell became a chorister at St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney where he studied the piano, organ, and violin. Then, at the age of 13, he started to learn the French horn. After six months he was playing it professionally. He studied at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music under Alan Mann, one of Australia's best known brass players.
At 15, he was given the job of third horn with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. A year later, he joined the Sydney Symphony Orchestra which was conducted by Eugene Goossens, where he remained for three and a half years before leaving for England. His first appointment in 1951 was with the Hallé Orchestra, conducted by Sir John Barbirolli. After two years, he went to the Scottish National Orchestra conducted by Karl Rankl and a year later to the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra conducted by Charles Groves. In 1955, he was appointed first horn with the London Symphony Orchestra.
He spent 13 years with the LSO, which is a co-operative orchestra (the players themselves make decisions about how the orchestra should be run). He was elected to the Board of Directors and was Chairman of the Board for six years. The chief conductors during this time were Josef Krips, Pierre Monteux, István Kertész and André Previn.
Tuckwell left the orchestra in 1968 and spent the rest of his career performing as a soloist and conductor. He became very famous, making
over 50 recordings and receiving three Grammy Award nominations. In 1962 he formed a trio with Brenton Langbein (violin) and Maureen Jones (piano) for a performance of the Horn Trio by Don Banks, which was commissioned by the Edinburgh Festival. The trio played together for many years, playing music by Johannes Brahms, Charles Koechlin and others. He also played in a wind quintet and was known as a conductor.
Many composers have written works for Barry Tuckwell. They include concertos by Oliver Knussen, Don Banks, Gunther Schuller, Robin Holloway, and Thea Musgrave. Richard Rodney Bennett wrote "Acteon" for horn and large orchestra for him.
Barry Tuckwell has written three important books on the horn and horn playing. For the "Yehudi Menuhin Music Guides", he wrote the book on the horn. He wrote an excellent book on "Playing the Horn" as well as "Fifty First Exercises".