James Burrows Edwards (June 24, 1927 – December 26, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 110th Governor of South Carolina from January 1975 through January 1979. He served as the third United States Secretary of Energy under Ronald Reagan's cabinet from January 1981 through January 1982.
Edwards was born in Hawthorne, Florida. Edwards died at his home in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina on December 26, 2014 at the age of 87 from complications from a stroke.
William Clay Ford, Sr.
William Clay Ford, Sr. (March 14, 1925 – March 9, 2014) was an American businessman. He was the last surviving grandchild of Henry Ford. Ford owned and served as chairman of the Detroit Lions football team.
Ford was born on March 14, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan. He studied at Yale University. Ford died on March 9, 2014 in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from pneumonia, aged 88.
Frank Jobe
Frank Wilson Jobe (July 16, 1925 – March 6, 2014) was an American orthopedic surgeon and co-founder of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic. Jobe invented a kind of elbow operation for baseball players. This surgery is called Tommy John surgery.
Jobe died on March 6, 2014 in Santa Monica, California, aged 88.
Peter Mayhew
Peter Mayhew (19 May 1944 – 30 April 2019) was an English actor. He is best known for playing Chewbacca in the "Star Wars" movies. Mayhew was 7 feet 3 inches tall.
Mayhew was born in London, England. On 30 April 2019, he died at his home in Boyd, Texas from a heart attack, aged 74.
Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Grosse Pointe is a city near Detroit in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It had a population of 5,421 at the 2010 census.
Zdeněk Hajný
Zdeněk Hajný (30 January 1942 – 1 March 2014) was a Czech painter, graphic artist and psychologist. In 1994, he founded Galerie Cesty ke světlu. He was born in Vsetín, Zlín Region, Czechoslovakia.
Hajný died on 1 March 2014.
Juva
Juva is a municipality in Southern Savonia. It had about 6,700 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Joroinen, Mikkeli, Pieksämäki, Puumala, Rantasalmi and Sulkava.
Barbro Kollberg
Barbro Anna Elisabet Hildestrand (née Kollberg; 27 December 1917 – 6 March 2014) was a Swedish actress. She is best known for her roles in "Hem från Babylon" (1941), "It Rains on Our Love" (1946), "A Life for the Taking" (1995) and "As It Is in Heaven" (2004). She was born in Eskilstuna, Södermanland County.
Kollberg died on 6 March 2014 in Stockholm. She was 96 years old.
Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson
Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (; born 12 March 1975) is an Icelandic politician. He was the Prime Minister of Iceland from 23 May 2013 through 5 April 2016. He has been chairman of the Progressive Party since 2009. He resigned on 5 April 2016 as a result of the Panama Papers leak.
Sigmundur Davíð was born in Reykjavík. He is married to Anna Sigurlaug Pálsdóttir. They have a child together.
Gum arabic
Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, or meska, is a natural gum. It is made of hardened sap from two species of acacia tree; "Senegalia (Acacia) senegal" and "Vachellia (Acacia) seyal". The gum is got from wild trees throughout the Sahel from Senegal to Somalia. In the past it has also been cultivated in Arabia and west Asia.
Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It was historically the source of the sugars arabinose and ribose, both of which were first discovered and isolated from it.
Acacia gum has been harvested in Arabia, Sudan, and west Asia since antiquity, and sub-Saharan acacia gum has a long history as a prized export. Traditionally harvested by semi-nomadic desert tribes on their travels, acacia gum is a main export of several African nations. The hardened gum is collected in the middle of the rainy season (harvesting usually begins in July), and exported at the start of the dry season (November).
From the 1950s to the early 1990s Sudan did about 80% of gum arabic production. Today, the figure is under 50%. Hundreds of thousands of Sudanese are dependent on gum arabic for their livelihoods. It is still the world's largest single producer, and the production of gum arabic is heavily controlled by the Sudanese government.
In food, gum arabic is used as a stabilizer. It is edible and has E number E414. Arab populations use the natural gum to make a chilled, sweetened, and flavored gelato-like dessert.
Gum arabic has been used from ancient times as part of black ink. The main constituent is carbon soot from lamps or burnt plant material. Apart from water and gum arabic, the ancient Egyptian ink was made of not much else. Written on paper or papyrus, this ink has survived for over three thousand years.
Gum arabic is a key ingredient in traditional lithography and is used in printing, paint production, glue, cosmetics and various industrial applications, including viscosity control in inks and in textile industries. Nowadays less expensive materials compete with it for many of these roles.
Gum arabic is used as a binder for watercolor painting because it dissolves easily in water. Pigment of any colour is suspended in the acacia gum to get in watercolor paint. Water acts as a vehicle to thin the watercolor paint and helps to transfer the paint to a surface such as paper. When all moisture evaporates, the acacia gum binds the pigment to the paper surface. After the water evaporates, the acacia gum in the paint film increases luminosity and helps prevent the colors from lightening. Gum arabic allows more precise control over washes, because it prevents them from flowing or bleeding beyond the brush stroke. In addition, acacia gum slows evaporation of water, giving slightly longer working time.
The historical photography process used gum arabic mixed with ammonium or potassium dichromate and pigment to create a coloured photographic emulsion that becomes relatively insoluble in water upon exposure to ultraviolet light. In the final print, the acacia gum permanently binds the pigments onto the paper.
Henry Halleck
Henry Halleck was a general in the United States army. He was born in 1815 in New York. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1839. He fought in the Mexican-American War. During the American Civil War, he became the commander of the Union armies in the Western Theater in 1862. In July 1862, Lincoln made Halleck the general-in-chief of all Union armies. However, Lincoln did not like the way Halleck ran the army, so in March 1864 Halleck was replaced as general-in-chief by U.S. Grant. Halleck was Grant's chief of staff and stayed in Washington, D.C. In 1865 he was transferred to the West Coast. In 1869, he was transferred to Kentucky, where he died in 1872.
Chris Pronger
Christopher Robert Pronger ( or ; born October 10, 1974) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently under contract with the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL)
Peninsula Campaign
The Peninsula Campaign was a series of battles during the American Civil War. The campaign happened from March to July 1862. The Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by George B. McClellan, tried to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia by moving westward on the Virginia Peninsula. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Joseph E. Johnston, tried to stop McClellan. After Johnston was wounded on May 31st at the Battle of Seven Pines, Robert E. Lee took command of the army. Lee then attacked McClellan during the Seven Days Battles. After the battles, McClellan's army was transferred back to Washington, D.C.
Virginia Peninsula
The Virginia Peninsula is a peninsula in southeast Virginia, USA. It is surrounded by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads, and Chesapeake Bay. It is sometimes called the "Southern Neck", so people would not confuse it with two other peninsulas to the north, the Middle Peninsula and the Northern Neck.
Battle of Seven Pines