Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra
The Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër () are cities of Berat and Gjirokastër in southern Albania. Together, they form the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Albania. Gjirokastër was added to the list in 2005. Berat was later added in 2008. They are known as examples of a unique design common during the Ottoman period.
Berat is also known as the city of a thousand windows. It is one of the most special architectural sites in Albania. Similarities in Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans influences are still evident. The designs are seen and well preserved in the city with castles and mansions, old churches and mosques and grand wall paintings, icons and murals. Throughout the centuries, Berat was the place where different religions and communities co-exist in peace.
Gjirokastër, also known as the city of stone. It stretches on the top side of the Drino River valley. It looks over the historic landscape with beautiful stone setting edbed by mountains at every side. Like most cities in Albania, Gjirokastër has architectural designs from many civilizations that conquered the area.
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It is about a man (Jonathan Pryce) in an imagined society where there is a lot of suffering and injustice.
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Jeju became a separate language from (mainland) Korean due to its isolation as an island and because in 1629, Jejuans were banned from leaving Jeju, causing more disconnection.
UNESCO lists Jeju as a "critically endangered" language, since most of its speakers are over the age of 70. Younger Jejuans speak Korean instead. As of 2010, the language is spoken by 5,000 - 10,000 people, which is less than 2% of Jeju Island's total population.
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Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong
The historic monuments and sites in Kaesong are a group of archaeological sites in North Korea that show the history of the Koryo Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 918 c.e. to 1392 c.e. All together, they were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.
Kaesong was the capital city of the Kingdom of Koryo. The city's gates, palaces, tombs and monuments, walls, schools, tower for looking at the stars and other buildings all together make up the World Heritage Site because they show the philosophy, culture, politics and spiritual beliefs of the Koryo people. The city's layout shows a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. It especially shows the change from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism that happened during the Koryo Dynasty.
UNESCO says three different sections of wall and a few gates in Kaesong have enough historical value to be part of the site. The Palocham Wall was built in 896 c.e., just before the Koryo Dynasty. The Outer Wall was built in 1009-1029 and connected the city to the nearby Songak, Puhung, Tokam, Jine and Ryongsu Mountains. The wall was built to defend the city, but it also shows what people believed about the magic or spiritual power of mountains. The Inner Wall was built in 1391-3, just as the Koryo Dynasty was ending.
The Namdae Gate in the Inner Wall was the main gate on the south side of Kaesong.