Nernst Equation is a scientific equation used to find the reduction potential or voltage of an electrochemical cell. It is widely used in cell physiology and neurobiology. It is named after . He was a German chemist who created this equation.
This equation can be used to check which combination of chemicals will be suitable to construct a powerful electric cell.
Nernst Equation:
formula_1
where
E = Reduction potential or voltage of the electrochemical cell.
E = Standard potential of the cell. It is the reduction potential of the cell or voltage under standard conditions (Temperature = 298 Kelvin, Pressure = 1 bar).
R = Gas constant. It is an important constant used in thermodynamics. Its value is 8.314 J.K.mol.
T = Temperature of the electrochemical cell in Kelvin.
z = Number of moles of electrons that got transferred when reduction took place.
F  = Faraday constant. It is equal to the charge carried by 1 mole of electrons. Faraday constant = 96,485.3329 s Ampere/mole.
Q = Reaction quotient of the chemical reaction that is driving the cell.
When the reduction potential of a cell = 0 V, it is in equilibrium. At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q = K (equilibrium constant).
Thermodynamics in nutrition
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another. This law also applies to nutrition.
Many experts disagree with the belief of counting calories as a method to lose bodyfat. 1 pound of bodyfat roughly equals 3500 calories. Therefore, eating 500 calories less everyday for 7 days straight would result in exactly 1 pound of loss in bodyfat. Several studies have proven this to be false solidifying the belief that counting calories does not work. This disparity can be explained.
1. Thermic effect of food: 1 calorie of protein is not the same as 1 calorie of carbohydrates or fats. The body requires energy to digest food. Fats require only 0-3% of the total energy from food to get digested. Carbohydrates require 5-10% of energy while proteins require 20-30% of energy. Therefore, the macronutrient profile (protein, carbohydrates and fats ratio) play an important role in weight loss.
2. NEAT: Non exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT is the amount of energy a person uses during daily activities. Examples of NEAT include jittering, walking, brushing teeth and even writing. People generally feel weaker when they consume less calories so they tend to move less reducing NEAT.
3. Miscounting calories: Studies have shown that over 90% of the population underestimate their daily caloric consumption.
Ultimately, calories consumed versus calories spent will always hold true. In order to lose weight, one must consume less calories and move more.
Angle grinder
An angle grinder is a handheld power tool. It is also known as a disc grinder or side grinder. They are commonly used in machine shops and metal workshops. Most angle grinders today are powered by electricity. They can be corded or battery-powered. Angle grinders can be used for cutting, grinding, and polishing objects.
There are different kinds of discs that are used for various materials and tasks. Angle grinders can use grinding stones, sanding discs, wire brush wheels, cut-off discs, abrasive grinding discs, and polishing pads. Angle grinders come in different disc sizes and motor specifications. Other differences include a power source, rpm, and arbor size. Generally disc size and power increase together. Disc size is measured in imperial or metric units. Pneumatic grinders are generally used for lighter duty jobs where more precision is required. Electric grinders are more commonly used for larger, heavy-duty jobs.
Angle grinders generate sparks when cutting ferrous metals. The blades on the angle grinder may also break during operation. Proper personal protective equipment must always be worn when using an angle grinder. Angle grinders should never be used without their guard or handle attached. Inspect the discs for cracks, defects, and wear before using an angle grinder.
Snowboard core material
The core material of the snowboard must withstand 3 types of loading: transverse loading, longitudinal loading, and torsional loading. Transverse loading is applied on the middle of longitudinal axis and the edge of the board. Longitudinal loading is applied on the middle of the rear binding of the board. Torsional loading is applied in the middle where the front section of the board will twist towards the opposite direction of the rear section.
The objectives of a snowboard core is to minimize mass and cost of production. Mass affects the performance of a snowboard, as it is easier to reach higher speed. Cost is minimized to lower expenditure and increase sales.
The constraints on a snowboard core are width, length, and fracture toughness. Width is constrained to 240mm to 260 mm. Length is constrained to 1000mm to 1600mm. Fracture toughness must be above 0.7 MPa*m^(1/2) so that the snowboard does not break easily.
Some common core materials include wood, Kevlar, and aluminum. Wood is used in the core as a sandwich-like structure. Kevlar is resistant to heat and have tightly knitted fibers. Aluminum is used in a honeycomb like a bee's nest.
Demis Hassabis
Demosthenes "Demis" Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a significant figure in artificial intelligence. He is a British researcher, neuroscientist, video game designer, entrepreneur, and five times winner of the Pentamind board games championship.
Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. Hassabis met Legg when both were postdocs at University College London's Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family. Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.
DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else". More concretely, DeepMind aims to use powerful general-purpose learning algorithms to build an artificial general intelligence (AGI).
The company was bought by Google for £400 million.
They created AlphaGo, a program which defeated world champion Lee Sedol at the complex game of Go. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques. However, AlphaGo beat European champion Fan Hui 5-0 in October 2015 before winning 4-1 against former world champion Lee Sedol in March 2016.
More recently, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to protein-folding, one of the toughest problems in science. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool AlphaFold won the 13th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins.
Although Hassabis is expert at many games, he does not program specific rules into Deep Mind. For Go and chess, the machine played many games with itself, learning from its results. In other words it taught itself how to play, given the basic rules of the game.
George Carter (basketball)
George Carter (January 10, 1944 – November 18, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He was a 6'4" swingman. He was born in Buffalo, New York. His career lasted from 1967 to 1977. He played for the Detroit Pistons and for the New York Nets.
Carter died on November 18, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 76.
Eduardo Lourenço
Eduardo Lourenço , (23 May 1923 – 1 December 2020) was a Portuguese essayist, professor, critic, philosopher, and writer. He was a professor at the University of Coimbra. He won the Camões Prize in 1996. Lourenço was born in Almeida, Portugal.
Lourenço died on 1 December 2020 in Lisbon at the age of 97.
November 2020 lunar eclipse