William Standish Knowles (June 1, 1917 – June 13, 2012) was an American chemist. He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. Knowles was one of the recipients of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He split half the prize with Ryōji Noyori for their work in asymmetric synthesis, specifically for his work in hydrogenation reactions.
The other half was awarded to K. Barry Sharpless for his work in oxidation reactions.
Knowles died on June 13, 2012 in Chesterfield, Missouri at the age of 95.
Ryōji Noyori
Karl Barry Sharpless
Karl Barry Sharpless (born April 28, 1941) is an American chemist and Nobel Laureate. He is known for his work on stereoselective reactions and click chemistry.
Dan Shechtman
Dan Shechtman (; born January 24, 1941) is an Israeli chemist. He is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.
On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., Shechtman discovered the icosahedral phase, which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals.
Shechtman was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals, making him one of six Israelis who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
John B. Fenn
John Bennett Fenn (June 15, 1917December 10, 2010) was an American analytical chemist. He was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. Fenn shared half of the award with Koichi Tanaka for their work in mass spectrometry.
Koichi Tanaka
Kurt Wüthrich
Kurt Wüthrich (born 4 October 1938) is a Swiss chemist/biophysicist and Nobel Chemistry winner. He is known for developing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods for studying biological macromolecules.
Peter Agre
Peter Agre (born January 30, 1949) is an American physician and molecular biologist. He was a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
In 2003, Agre and Roderick MacKinnon shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes." A
In 2009, Agre was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and became active in science diplomacy.
Aaron Ciechanover
Aaron Ciechanover ( ; ; born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist. He won the Nobel prize in Chemistry for characterizing the method that cells use to degrade and recycle proteins using ubiquitin.
Avram Hershko
Avram Hershko (; born 31 December 1937) is a Hungarian-born Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.
Along with Aaron Ciechanover and Irwin Rose, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.
Michael Levitt
Michael Levitt, (; born 9 May 1947) is a South African-born biophysicist. He was a professor of structural biology at Stanford University, a position he has held since 1987. Levitt received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Arieh Warshel
Arieh Warshel (; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli-American biochemist and biophysicist. He is the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California. He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".
Eric Betzig
Robert Eric Betzig (born January 13, 1960) is an American physicist. He works as a Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular and Cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Janelia Farm Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia.
Betzig has worked to develop the field of fluorescence microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy.
He was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" along with Stefan Hell and fellow Cornell alumnus William E. Moerner.
William E. Moerner
William Esco Moerner (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical physicist.
He is known for his first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in condensed phases. Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become a widely used single-molecule experiment in chemistry, physics and biology.
In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Jean-Pierre Sauvage
Jean-Pierre Sauvage (; born 21 October 1944) is a French coordination chemist. He worked at Strasbourg University. He has specialized in supramolecular chemistry for which he has been awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa.
Vincent &amp; Theo
Vincent & Theo is a 1990 Dutch British French German Italian American Argentine biographical drama movie directed by Robert Altman and starring Tim Roth, Paul Rhys, Kitty Courbois, Johanna ter Steege, Wladimir Yordanoff, Hans Kesting, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Anne Canovas, Jean-Pierre Castaldi, Peter Tuinman.
Fraser Stoddart
Sir James Fraser Stoddart (born 24 May 1942) is a British chemist. He is Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in the United States. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. He was born in Edinburgh.
Simon Gutman
Simon Gutman (20 July 1923 – 5 October 2020) was a Polish-born French Holocaust survivor. He was born in Warsaw.
Gutman was deported in the 1st Convoy to Auschwitz on 27 March 1942. His mother, Cyma, and, probably, his sister, Bella, were deported to Sobibor extermination camp in March 1943, where they died.
Gutman stayed at Birkenau until 26 October 1944, when he was transferred to multiple camps, including Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, Hailfingen, Dautmergen, and Altshausen. He escaped during a death march. On 5 April 1945, they met up with the French 2nd Armored Division in Baden-Württemberg and were liberated.
He died on 5 October 2020 at the age of 97.
Liberation of Paris
The Liberation of Paris () was a military battle that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the Germans surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944.
Paris had been ruled by Nazi Germany since the signing of the Second Compiègne Armistice on 22 June 1940, after which the "Wehrmacht" occupied northern and western France.
Fail-Safe (1964 movie)
Fail-Safe is a 1964 American Cold War thriller movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler. It stars Henry Fonda, Walter Matthau, Dan O'Herlihy, Frank Overton, Fritz Weaver, Edward Binns, Larry Hagman, Dom DeLuise and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Béatrice Arnac
Béatrice Arnac (23 April 1931 – 5 October 2020) was an American-born French actress, singer, and composer. She was born in Waterbury, Connecticut.
Arnac was known for her roles in "Mata Hari's Daughter" (1955), "Frou-Frou" (1955), "Lola Montès" (1955), "La Traversée de Paris" (1956), "Les Truands" (1956), "OSS 117 Is Not Dead" (1957), "Last Known Address" (1970) and "Good Little Girls" (1971).
Arnac died in Castels et Bézenac, France on 5 October 2020 at the age of 89.
John Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton
John Francis Harcourt Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton, (2 November 1928 – 6 October 2020), was a British merchant banker. He was chairman of British Petroleum (BP). Lord Ashburton also sat on the boards of Jaguar Cars, Dunlop Rubber and Royal Insurance.
Lord Ashburton died at his home on 6 October 2020 at the age of 91.
Lloyd D. George
Lloyd Dee George (February 22, 1930 – October 7, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was born in Montpelier, Idaho. He was nominated to the United States District Court for the District of Nevada in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan. From 1992 to 1997, he was Chief Justice.
George died on October 7, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 90.