Japanese also invented many of its own kanji to name things that could be found in Japan, but not China (usually plants and animals). These are called "kokuji" (kanji: 国字, hiragana: こくじ) meaning "national characters", or "wasei-kanji" (kanji: 和製漢字, hiragana: わせいかんじ) meaning "Japanese-made Chinese characters". "Kokuji" include the names of fish like "iwashi" (kanji: 鰯, hiragana: いわし, meaning: sardine), "tara" (kanji: 鱈, hiragana: たら, meaning: codfish), and "kisu" (kanji: 鱚, hiragana: きす, meaning: sillago), and trees like "kashi" (kanji: 樫, hiragana: かし, meaning: evergreen oak), "sugi" (kanji: 椙, hiragana: すぎ, meaning: Japanese cedar), and "kaba" or "momiji" (kanji: 椛, hiragana: かば/もみじ, meaning: birch/maple). Most "kokuji" only have kun'yomi because they are "yamato kotoba", but some kanji also have on'yomi, like 働 (on'yomi: dō どう, kun'yomi: hatara(ku) はたら(く), meaning: work), and some have only on'yomi, like 腺 (on'yomi: sen せん, meaning: gland).
Other content words like verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are usually written in a combination of kanji and hiragana, where the root of the word is written in kanji and the inflectional morphemes (the parts of the word that don't change the central meaning of the word's root) are written in hiragana. For example, the native Japanes verb meaning "to swim" is "oyogu" in its plain form, where it is written as 泳ぐ in kanji and hiragana. The kanji 泳 shows the verb's meaning, while ぐ (gu) as in "oyo-gu" shows that the word is in its plain form. The polite form of "to swim" is "oyogimasu", which is written as 泳ぎます in kanji and hiragana. Once again, it has the same kanji, but it ends with different syllables ぎます (gi-ma-su) as in "oyo-gimasu" to show that the word is in the polite form. Native Japanese adjectives usually end in with the syllable い ("-i)," like the word "hayai" (kanji and hiragana: 速い, hiragana only: はやい, meaning: fast), "takai" (kanji and hiragana: 高い, hiragana only: たかい, meaning: tall, high), and "ookii" (kanji and hiragana: 大きい, hiragana only: おおきい, meaning: big or large), while native Japanese adverbs are simply adjectives that end in く ("-ku") rather than い, like "hayaku　"(kanji and hiragana: 速く, hiragana only: はやく, meaning: quickly).
Nouns based on adjectives end with the syllable さ ("-sa"), as in "hayasa" (kanji and hiragana: 速さ, hiragana only: はやさ, meaning: speed), "takasa" (kanji and hiragana: 高さ, hiragana only: たかさ, meaning: height), and "ookisa" (kanji and hiragana: 大きさ, hiragana only: おおきさ, meaning: size/largeness).
Sometimes, native Japanese nouns can be written with multiple kanji. These are usually proper nouns like family names or place names. Japanese family names are usually "yamato kotoba", like Tanaka (kanji: 田中, hiragana: たなか), Yamamoto (kanji: 山本, hiragana: やまもと), and Kobayashi (kanji: 小林, hiragana: こばやし). Most Japanese place names are also "yamoto kotoba", like Ōsaka (kanji: 大阪, hiragana: おおさか), Ehime (kanji: 愛媛, hiragana: えひめ), and Hiroshima (kanji: 広島, hiragana: ひろしま), although there are also plenty of Japanese places with Chinese-based names, like Tōkyō (kanji: 東京, hiragana: とうきょう), Mt. Fuji or "Fuji-san" (kanji: 富士山, hiragana:ふじさん), and Honshū (kanji: 本州, hiragana: ほんしゅう).
While usually cardinal numbers (numbers for measuring things) in Japanese are based off of Chinese words, most ordinal numbers (numbers for ordering things) and even certain measure words use native Japanese words. The following table has Sino-Japanese numerals (Japanese numbers based on Chinese) on the left and native Japanese numerals on the right.
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