Slave ships were large cargo ships specially converted for the purpose of taking slaves, especially newly captured African slaves to the Americas. Living conditions for slaves on these ships was inhuman. Men, women and children were crowded into every possible space leaving no room to move or even breathe. There was little food and the smell could not be described. Between 1526 and 1867 about 12.5 million slaves were sent by slave ships from Africa to the Americas. But only about 10.7 million slaves actually arrived. Of all human migrations it was the most costly in terms of human lives lost. The average time to sail across the Atlantic took from 60 to 90 days. Sometimes the trips took up to four months.
Ship captains were under orders by slavers to deliver only saleable slaves. Starving, sick or troublesome slaves were often thrown overboard into the ocean to drown. Sometimes Africans were kept on deck chained together with long chains. There were times when they would jump overboard, taking every other chained slave with them, to avoid their unknown fate. Many ships kept extra crew members on deck to prevent this from happening. At other times crew members would throw slaves overboard as a warning to other slaves. If the ship was running out of food or water, all the slaves would be killed to save the crew from starving.
Slave ships could at times get insurance on their cargos of slaves. But insurance would not pay if the slavers starved the slaves or they got sick. Insurance paid out if the slaves drowned, but not if they were severely starved to death. In 1781 the slave ship "Zong" was hauling 470 slaves—more than the ship could handle. Many began to get sick. By the time the ship reached the Doldrums, a mid-Atlantic region that at times had no wind, several of the crew had died from the spreading diseases. To save themselves, the remaining crew threw 132 dying and sick slaves into the ocean. Another 10 slaves jumped with them. When they tried to collect the insurance the Insurance underwriter denied the claim. In 1782 in a court in Jamaica, ruled for the owners. The insurance company appealed the decision. This brought a good deal of public attention. It began to be called the "Zong" massacre. No member of the crew or the owners were ever charged with murder.
About 15% to 20% of the ships leaving Africa never arrived in the Americas. In thousands of cases the crews were overtaken by captured slaves, some of them warriors. Often the crew was killed and the Africans managed to sail back to Africa. In other cases the ships were lost at sea.
Some of the documented slave ship revolts are:
Gooding County, Idaho
Gooding County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2010 census, the population was 15,464. Its county seat is Gooding. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, an early 20th Century governor and United States Senator from Idaho.
Lost River, Idaho
Lost River is a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It had 68 residents at the 2010 census.
Lost River is located at (43.721785, -113.544931).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land and is water.
Its named after the Big Lost River.
Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil. He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945. Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President. He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism. Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist. He shot himself dead.
Custer County, Idaho
Custer County is a county in U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2010 census, the population was 4,368. The county seat is Challis.
Bosler, Wyoming
Bosler is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States, along the Laramie River. It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 30 and 287 north of Laramie. Its elevation is 7,080 feet (2,158 m). Although Bosler is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 82051.
Gordon Goody
Gordon Goody (11 March 1929 – 29 January 2016) was a British criminal and small businessman. He was born in London, England. Goody was known for playing a role in the Great Train Robbery in 1963 that was lead by Bruce Reynolds.Goody was sentenced to 30 years in jail, but was released in 1975. A year after his release, he moved to Spain were he opened a small business as a bar owner.
Goody died at his home in Mojácar, Spain from a heart attack on 29 January 2016 at the age of 86.
List of municipalities in Wyoming
There are 99 incorporated municipalities in the state of Wyoming.
List of census-designated places in Wyoming
This page lists census-designated places (CDPs) in the U.S. state of Wyoming. At the 2010 census, there were 104 census-designated places in Wyoming.
Twenty-one of Wyoming's twenty-three counties contain census-designated places.
Powell, Wyoming
Powell is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 6,314 at the 2010 census.
Albany, Wyoming
Albany is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 55 at the 2010 census.
Centennial, Wyoming
Centennial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 270 at the 2010 census.
Ellis, Idaho
Ellis is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 93 northeast of Challis. Ellis has a post office with ZIP code 83235.
Lander, Pennsylvania
Lander is a unincorporated community in Farmington Township in Warren County, Pennsylvania.
Farmington, Ohio
Farmington is an unincorporated community in Belmont County, Ohio, United States.
Farmington was laid out in 1818. A former variant name of Farmington was Cope. A post office called Cope was established in 1874, and operated until 1895.
Hershey, Pennsylvania
Hershey is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.
The community is located east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,257 at the 2010 census.
Lovell, Ohio
Lovell is an unincorporated community in Wyandot County, Ohio.
Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909. The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.
Agnès Varda
Agnès Varda (30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019) was a French movie director and producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, artist, photographer. She was also a professor at the European Graduate School.
Her movies, photographs, and artworks focused on realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style. Movie historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave movie movement. She was known for her works "Cleo de 5 a 7", "La Pointe Courte", and "Vagabond".
Varda was born in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium to French parents. She studied at École des Beaux-Arts. Varda was married to Jacques Demy from 1962 until his death in 1990. They had one daughter, Rosalie.
Varda died of cancer on 29 March 2019 in Paris, at the age of 90.
U.S. News &amp; World Report
U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinions, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. It was founded as a weekly news magazine in 1933. Since 2010, it mainly publishes its content on the internet. U.S. News is best known today for its influential rankings of colleges and hospitals. It has expanded its content on education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.