A reaction mechanism is writing step by step how a chemical reaction works. Usually, only the overall change can be seen in a reaction. The things made in between react too quickly to be seen. These are called intermediates, and in going from one intermediate to another a transition state is crossed. However, it is important to understand all the steps that make the total change. This is because then one can understand more difficult reactions or try to make a reaction work in a certain way.
There are many type of reaction mechanisms. In organic chemistry, the more common ones are nucleophilic substitution, elimination and addition. People sometimes use arrow pushing to draw how electrons move around during a reaction. This makes it easy to see which bonds are formed and which are broken during the process.
Deborah
Deborah (also spelled Debra) is a female name. It is used a lot in some countries. The name comes from a Hebrew word for "the bee". This name was used by a prophet woman inside the Old Testament Book of Judges. In the United States, "Deborah" itself was most popular for females born between 1950 and 1970. It ranked number 25 for 1990, although it is now less popular. Its variant forms "Debra", "Debby" and "Debbie" have been used for Atlantic tropical cyclones. Famous people with the name include Debbie Allen and Debbie Gibson.
List of national flowers
A floral emblem is a flower or plant that is chosen by a country as a symbol or emblem for that country.
Pauline Phillips
Pauline Esther Friedman Phillips (writing as Abigail Van Buren) (July 4, 1918 – January 16, 2013) was an American advice columnist and radio show host who was known for her radio show "Dear Abby" during the 1950s.
Phillips was born on July 4, 1918 in Sioux City, Iowa. Her parents were Jewish-Russian immigrants. She studied at Morningside College. Her twin sister, Esther "Eppie" Pauline Friedman Lederer, was also a well-known advice columnist. She used the name Ann Landers.
Phillips was married to Morton Phillips from 1939 until her death in 2013. They had two children. She had Alzheimer's disease since 2002. Phillips died on January 16, 2013 in Minneapolis, Minnesota from the disease, aged 94.
Fountain of Apollo
The Fountain of Apollo () is a fountain at the Palace of Versailles. It depicts the Greek sun god Apollo rising from the sea at daybreak in his four-horse chariot. He is accompanied by Tritons. In 1639, Louis XIII had a pond dug on the site of the fountain called the Pond of the Swans. In 1671, Louis XIV enlarged the pond. Le Brun suggested it be dedicated to Apollo based on its east-west orientation. The parallels drawn between Louis and the sun god also entered into the decision. Le Brun's Apollo is seen sitting in his four-horse chariot. He rises from the grotto of Thetys where he has spent the night. This theme was popular in the arts at the time. The gilded statue was made by Tuby of Rome. It was installed in 1671. Beyond the fountain lies the Grand Canal. The Fountain of Apollo incorrectly depicts Apollo rising in the west rather than the east.
In 2014, a same-scale replica was unveiled in Tainan, Taiwan, at the entrance of the Chimei Museum. The museum commissioned French artist Gills Perrault in 2008 to reproduce the Fountain of Apollo, same as the one in Palace of Versailles. It took three years for modern laser measuring and the mold to be made in France for the reproduction sculpture, and another three years to carve the marble in Italy. This Fountain of Apollo in Chimei Museum, however, correctly depicts Apollo rising from the east.
Frank Gehry
Frank Owen Gehry (born Frank Owen Goldberg; February 28, 1929) is a Canadian-American architect who won the Pritzker Prize in 1989. He is known for his buildings such as 8 Spruce Street, Dancing House, Port Olímpic, Jay Pritzker Pavilion, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall. He built buildings across the United States and across South America.
Gehry was born on February 28, 1929 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to Polish-Jewish parents. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. He stuided at Los Angeles City College and at the University of Southern California. Gehry now lives in Santa Monica, California.
In 1989, Gehry won the Pritzker Prize.
Queen's apartment at Versailles
The Queen's apartment at Versailles (Fr: "Grand appartement de la reine") consists of several rooms: The Queen's Bedchamber; The Queen's Private Cabinets; The Room of the Queen's Gentlemen; The Queen's Antechamber; The Room of the Queen's Guard. The apartment overlooks the Parterre du Midi, and parallels the King's Apartment. When the King's Apartment was abandoned at the end of Louis XIV's reign, the Queens continued to occupy the Queen's Apartment.
The royal couple ate in "The Queen's Antechamber". This was a public event. Louis XVI and Antoinette sat with their backs to the fireplace. Only the royal family could sit at the table. The duchesses, princesses, and others of great rank were allowed to sit on stools facing the royals. Others of high rank stood.
Louis XIV enjoyed the dinner ritual. Louis XV preferred more private suppers. Louis XVI ate well. Antoinette was bored. A witness reports that: "The Queen sat on the King’s left. They had their backs turned to the fireplace [...] The King ate with a good appetite, but the Queen did not remove her gloves and did not use her serviette (napkin), which was very wrong of her". To ease her boredom, the Queen asked for music at every meal. She had a platform set up for this purpose.
This room was once The Room of the Queen's Guard. In the 1680s, the room was sometimes used as a theatre. Royal virtues are illustrated in the ceiling paintings of ancient heroines by Vignon and Paillet. Portraits of Louis XVI's aunts by Madame Labille-Guiard are part of the decor. Above the doors are works by Madeline de Boulogne dated 1675.
Madame du Barry's apartment
Madame du Barry's apartment at Versailles was the apartment that belonged to Madame du Barry. It was here that King Louis XV had suppers with Du Barry, warming the coffee himself at the stove. The library sofa was designed by Delafosse. The parrot cage is embellished with porcelain flowers and is indicative of Du Barry's taste. The apartment and bedchamber are on the site of the small gallery. This gallery was decorated with "exotic hunting scenes" by Boucher, Lancret, and others. They are at this time in the Amiens museum.
Ricegrowers Limited
Ricegrowers Limited, trading as SunRice, is claimed to be the "world's fifth largest ricefood exporter", and have historically been one of Australia's largest exporters of processed branded food products.
SunRice's main production is still based in regional New South Wales, Australia, with a main office in Leeton, and Rice Mills in the New South Wales towns of Leeton, Deniliquin, and Coleambally (with the Coleambally mill operational again after being temporarily "moth balled" during the last major Australian drought). RunRice also operates CopRice stockfeed plants in Leeton and Tongala, Victoria.
In October 2010 SunRice announced it had begun talking with a Spanish food company called Ebro Foods about buying SunRice for $600 million (Australian dollars). The Ebro bid failed when the shareholders voted against it on the 31st May 2011.
Bois-d'Arcy, Yonne
Bois-d'Arcy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Les Bordes, Yonne
Les Bordes is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Branches, Yonne
Branches is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Brannay
Brannay is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Brienon-sur-Armançon
Brienon-sur-Armançon is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Brion, Yonne
Brion is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Brosses