The Duchy of Bouillon () (), a small state located between Luxembourg, Champagne, and the Three Bishoprics and centered on Bouillon. The duchy was claimed by the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. It was officially a State of the Holy Roman Empire. Even though it was a fairly small "state" its capital was the city of Bouillon, now in modern Belgium. The La Tour d'Auvergne family claimed to rule the state from 1456? – 1794 as during the French Revolution it officially changed its legal status to the "". The heir to the ducal throne was traditionally titled the Prince of Turenne.
The dukes were usually addressed by the style of "Serene Highness".
Jacques Léopold was the last Duke of Bouillon, and following the Napoleonic Wars the duchy was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Intamin
Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau, Switzerland. They are known for building thrill rides and roller coasters. The Intamin name stands for: INTernational AMusement INstallations. They distribute about 5-7 roller coasters from their workshops every year.
The first roller coaster they built was The Jr. Gemini at Cedar Point in 1979. After that, they installed a total of 70 roller coasters around the world.
John Seigenthaler
John Lawrence Seigenthaler (; July 27, 1927 – July 11, 2014) was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as an avid supporter of First Amendment rights.
Seigenthaler joined the Nashville newspaper "The Tennessean" in 1949. He resigned in 1960 to be Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. For a brief time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assasinations of both John F. Kennedy, and his brother, Robert. Nothing was ever proven. He rejoined "The Tennessean" as editor in 1962. He became publisher in 1973. He became chairman in 1982. He retired as chairman emeritus in 1991. Seigenthaler was also founding editorial director of "USA Today" from 1982 to 1991.
In April 2014, the Shelby Street Bridge was renamed the John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge in his honor. While reporting for "The Tennessean" in the 1950s, Seigenthaler once prevented a suicidal man from jumping off the bridge.
Seigenthaler died of complications from colon cancer on July 11, 2014, at the age of 86. He was surrounded by his family in his home.
Charlie Haden
Charles Edward "Charlie" Haden (August 6, 1937 – July 11, 2014) was an American jazz double bass player. He was known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman, pianist Keith Jarrett, and his Liberation Music Orchestra, a group he co-led with pianist Carla Bley.
Haden died in Los Angeles on July 11, 2014 after complications from polio, aged 76.
RoboCop
RoboCop is a 1987 science fiction action crime movie. It is directed by Paul Verhoeven. The movie stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. It is set in a crime-ridden Detroit, Michigan in the near future where the police force is run by Security Concepts, a corporation. "RoboCop" centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is brutally attacked and fatally wounded by a gang of criminals. He is then made into a cyborg law enforcer known as "RoboCop". The movie had two sequels, "RoboCop 2" (1990) and "RoboCop 3" (1993). A remake of this movie was released in February 2014.
Life's a Dance
Life's a Dance is the debut studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on October 13, 1992.
Xcelerator
Xcelerator is a steel launched roller coaster that was built by Intamin, and is located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California.
After the riders have been loaded onto the train at the station, the train is first hooked up to a catch car that is under the train. The train has to move back to hook onto the catch car in order to launch. After 2.3 seconds, the train is released from the catch car, and travels at a speed of from the station. The train then travels over a tower, or top hat element, and after that it travels through a 110 ft over banked turn, and then a 95 ft over banked turn before coming to a smooth stop over magnetic brakes.
Sometimes, a train does not have enough speed to make it over the top hat element. If that happens, a train tries to go up the tower, stop, then roll back to the station. This is called a shortshot, and it is part of the ride's design. A shortshot can cause the ride to be closed for a period of time while the ride is reset and tested several times before it can be opened again. Rain, weight, the number of time its launched, the outside temperature, and overheating can cause a shortshot.
Xcelerator will not operate in the rain so that a shortshot does not happen when the launch track is wet. Then the track needs to dry until it is safe to test the roller coaster. This happens so that a shortshot does not happen.
Elena Undone
Elena Undone is a 2010 lesbian romantic drama movie. The title character is the wife of a pastor. She has strong feelings for another woman. She later divorces the pastor and falls in love with a woman named Peyton.
This movie got mixed reviews. It is rated 58% by Rotten Tomatoes.
Programmed learning
Programmed learning (or 'programmed instruction') is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators.
The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown. This means the learner at all stages makes responses, and is given immediate knowledge of results.
It is rather interesting that Edward L. Thorndike wrote in 1912:
"If, by a miracle of mechanical ingenuity, a book could be so arranged that only to him who had done what was directed on page one would page two become visible, and so on, much that now requires personal instruction could be managed by print".
Thorndike, however, did nothing with his idea. The first such system was devised by Sidney L. Pressey in 1926. "The first.. [teaching machine] was developed by Sidney L. Pressey... While originally developed as a self-scoring machine... [it] demonstrated its ability to actually teach".
In World War II, with largely conscript armies, there was great emphasis on training. What was learnt influenced education and training after the war. One of the main methods was the use of movies as a group training method. Research on the effectiveness of training films was done extensively. In one account, Lumsdaine comments that research on films went on "from about 1918 to the present" (meaning 1962).
A few conclusions stood out from the research. One was that films were great at giving overviews of a situation or an operation. However, they were less successful at getting over the details. Some general features of film (and, later, television) stand out. One is that a film goes at its own pace. Another is that no specific responses or activities are required from the viewer. A third is that the audience is varied, sometimes hugely varied. This gives clues to ways of improving instructional films.
In a 1946 experiment at Yale University, questions for students were put between segments of a film on the heart and circulation, with correct answers given after students had responded (knowledge of results). This added significantly to the amount learnt from the film. Lumsdaine commented that even showing the basic film twice was not so effective as showing the version with questions and answers.