The politics of the Netherlands is that of an indirect democracy. It has a constitution and a monarchy that operates within the constitution. The democratic structure is determined by a parliament (the legislative branch) and a government (the executive branch). The government depends on the confidence of the parliament, but the two branches aren't strictly separated (the parliamentary system).
The parliament is called the States General (Dutch: "Staten-Generaal") and consists of two chambers: a lower house, the so-called Second Chamber (Dutch: "Tweede Kamer"), comparable with the House of Representatives in other countries, and a upper house, the so-called First Chamber (Dutch: "Eerste Kamer"), comparable with the Senate in other countries, and often called likewise.
At a lower level, there are provinces, municipalities and water boards.
On a higher level, the Netherlands makes part of the Benelux, Council of Europe, European Union, NATO and the United Nations.
The Netherlands is officially called the "Kingdom of the Netherlands". It is composed of four countries: the Netherlands itself (the European part) and three island countries in the Caribbean: Aruba, Curaçao and Saint Martin. Three other islands in the Caribbean that belong to the Netherlands have a status of special municipalities of the Netherlands, the so-called Caribbean Netherlands.
Current government is the Third Rutte cabinet, a coalition of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD, a conservative liberal party), the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA, a Christian democratic party), Democrats 66 (D66, a social liberal party), and the ChristianUnion (CU, an orthodox Christian democratic party).
The Third Rutte Cabinet was established on October 26, 2017. Prime Minister has been VVD politician Mark Rutte since 2010.
The following 18 political parties are in parliament:
No more in parliament:
Political leaders since March 2021, sorted by the number of seats in the House of Representatives.
Parties represented only in the Senate.
Muhajir (Pakistan)
Mohajirs () constitute about 8 percent of the population. They are Muslims who settled in Pakistan after the partition of British India in 1947. Unlike other cultural ethnic groups of Pakistan, they do not have a tribe-based cultural identity. They are the only people in the country for whom Urdu, the official language, is their native tongue. Mohajirs were the vanguard of the Pakistan Movement, which advocated the partition of British India in order to create the independent nation of Pakistan for Indian Muslims. After the partition, a large number of Muslims migrated from various urban centers of India to live in the new nation of Pakistan. These migrants later identified themselves as mohajirs. A large number of Mohajirs settled in the cities of Sind Province, particularly Karāchi and Hyderābād. They were better educated than most indigenous Pakistanis and assumed positions of leadership in business, finance, and administration. Today they remain mostly urban.
P53
p53 (or "tp53") is a gene vital to many forms of life, including humans. It codes for a protein which suppresses cancer. It has been called "the guardian of the genome".
The "p53" gene is the most frequently mutated gene (>50%) in human cancer. Its protein product binds to DNA and regulates gene expression to prevent mutations of the genome.
"p53" protein (TP53) is at low levels in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This allows the most important cell division to proceed rapidly.
PIA Flight 268
On September 28, 1992 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 was approaching Tribhuvan International Airport in Nepal after a flight from Jinnah International Airport in Pakistan, which crashed into a mountain in Kathmandu. All 167 people on-board the flight perished, in Nepal's worst air-disaster.
Mauriac, Cantal
Mauriac is a commune in south central France in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is a subprefecture of the Cantal department. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of the same name.
Mauriac is one of the oldest town in the Cantal department founded about 2,000 years ago.
The town grew around the Saint-Pierre de Mauriac monastery and the Notre-Dame-des-Miracles Basilica.
Mauriac is in the northwest of Cantal, close to the border with the Corrèze department, near the Dordogne river. It is along the Auze river, a left tributary of the Dordogne.
Mauriac is in hilly terrain, with the main populated area at an altitude of about , while the surrounding areas rise to about in the volcanic foothills. The "commune" has an area of .
The "commune" of Mauriac is surrounded by the "communes" Le Vigean, Brageac, Escorailles, Ally, Salins, Jaleyrac, Chaussenac, Sourniac, Drugeac, Chalvignac, Anglards-de-Salers and Méallet.
The climate of Mauriac, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
The inhabitants of Mauriac are known, in French, as "Mauriacois" (women: "Mauriacoises").
With a population of 3,682, Mauriac has a population density of inhabitants/km.
Evolution of the population in Mauriac
Mauriac forms with Le Vigean the urban area of Mauriac, one of the seven urban areas of Cantal, with a population of 4,559 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Mauriac, formed by five "communes" with a population of 5,277 inhabitants and an area of .
Mauriac is a subprefecture of the Cantal department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Mauriac and the administrative centre () of the canton of Mauriac.
It is part of the intercommunality "Pays de Mauriac" ().
Rudolf Wille
Rudolf Wille (2 November 1937 – 22 January 2017) was a German mathematician. He was professor of General Algebra from 1970 to 2003 at Darmstadt University of Technology. His best known work was the invention of Formal concept analysis. This is a method to find structures in data, based on objects and their shared attributes. It uses "mathematical lattice theory".
Wille was born in Bremen on 2 November 1937. He died on 22 January 2017 in Bickenbach, Hesse. He was 79.
Ralph Guglielmi
Ralph Vincent Guglielmi (June 26, 1933 – January 23, 2017) was an American football player. He played as a quarterback. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins, St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles.
Guglielmi was born in Columbus, Ohio. He died on January 23, 2017 in Wallace, North Carolina, aged 83.
Butch Trucks
Claude Hudson "Butch" Trucks (May 11, 1947 – January 24, 2017) was an American drummer. He was a founding member of The Allman Brothers Band. He was a member of the rock band from 1969 until they finally disbanded in 2014. He was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida.
Trucks died on January 24, 2017 in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 69. Police said that he had taken his own life by gunshot.
Giovanni Corrieri
Giovanni Corrieri (7 February 1920 – 22 January 2017) was an Italian road bicycle racer. He was professional from 1941 to 1956. He won seven stages in the Giro d'Italia and three in the Tour de France. He was born in Messina, Sicily.
Corrieri died on 22 January 2017 in Prato, Tuscany at the age of 96.
Chuck Canfield
Charles Joseph Canfield (March 24, 1932 – January 24, 2017) was an American businessman. He served as the 43rd Mayor of Rochester, Minnesota from January 6, 1996 through January 6, 2003. Before being elected mayor in 1995, he was 2nd Ward Councilman for the city from 1986 until 1996. He owned a Shakey's Pizza restaurant in northwest Rochester along US Route 52 until its closure in the 2000s. He lost the 2002 mayoral election to Ardell Brede.
Canfield was born and raised in Rochester. He served as an Independent. He was a Christian. Canfield died in Rochester on January 24, 2017 from natural causes, aged 84.
TAM Airlines Flight 3054