Socrates may have been born in Athens in the 5th century BCE. He was very important. Athens was a center of learning. People went there to talk about ideas. However, it became a crime to philosophize. Some people were accused. But Socrates was the only one who was killed in 399 BCE (see Trial of Socrates). In his defense speech (presented by Plato), he says it's because others were jealous.
He is considered the founder of political philosophy.
Many of his conversations end without a conclusion. So he is known for the Socratic method.
Socrates taught that no one wants what is bad, and so if anyone does something bad, it must be unintentional out of ignorance; he concludes that all virtue is knowledge. He often talks about his own ignorance.
Aristotle influenced Plato's dialogues and Plato's student Aristotle. Their ideas influenced the Roman empire, the Islamic Golden Age, and the Renaissance.
Plato was from Athens. He came a generation after Socrates. He wrote thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters to Socrates, though some may be fake.
Plato's dialogues have Socrates. Along with Xenophon, Plato is the primary source of information about Socrates' life. Socrates was known for irony and not often giving own opinions.
Plato wrote the "Republic", the "Laws", and the "Statesman". The Republic says there will not be justice in cities unless they are ruled by philosopher kings; those who enforcing the laws should treat their women, children, and property in common; and the individual should tell noble lies to promote the common good. The "Republic" says that such a city is likely impossible as it thinks philosophers would refuse to rule and the people would refuse to be ruled by philosophers.
Plato is known for his theory of forms. It says that there are non-physical abstract ideas that have the highest form and most real kind of reality.
Aristotle moved to Athens in 367 BC and began to study philosophy. He studied at Plato's Academy. He left Athens twenty years later to study botany and zoology. He became a teacher of Alexander the Great and returned to Athens ten years later to create his own school: the Lyceum. At least twenty-nine of his books have survived, known as the "corpus Aristotelicum." He wrote about logic, physics, optics, metaphysics, ethics, rhetoric, politics, poetry, botany, and zoology.
Aristotle disagreed with his teacher Plato. He criticizes the governments in Plato's "Republic" and "Laws", and refers to the theory of forms as "empty words and poetic metaphors." He cares more about empirical observation and practical concerns.
Aristotle was not that famous during the Hellenistic period, when Stoic logic was still popular. But later people popularized his work, which influenced Islamic, Jewish, and Christian philosophy. Avicenna referred to him simply as "the Master"; Maimonides, Alfarabi, Averroes, and Aquinas referred to him as "the Philosopher."
During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, many different schools of thought developed in the Hellenistic world and the Greco-Roman world. Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Syrians and Arabs who contributed. Persian philosophy and Indian philosophy also had an influence.
The spread of Christianity followed by the spread of Islam further spread Hellenistic philosophy. It influenced the three Abrahamic traditions: Jewish philosophy, Christian philosophy, and early Islamic philosophy.
During the Middle Ages, Greek ideas were largely forgotten in Western Europe due to the Migration Period, which caused a decline in literacy. In the Byzantine Empire Greek ideas were kept and studied.
After the expansion of Islam, the Abbasid caliphs started translating Greek philosophy. Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi (Alkindus), Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Ibn Rushd (Averroes) reinterpreted these works. During the High Middle Ages Greek philosophy re-entered the West through translations from Arabic to Latin and also from the Byzantine Empire.
The re-introduction of these philosophies, plus new Arabic commentaries, had great influence on Medieval philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas.
Still Arab translators threw away books that disagreed with Islam. For example, Al-Mansur Ibn and Abi Aamir burned the Al-hakam II library in Córdoba in 976.
Amelyn Veloso
Amelyn Jean Veloso (April 25, 1974 – August 24, 2017) was a Filipina broadcast journalist of CNN Philippines. She was the anchor of morning show New Day, Morning Newsroom, and public service program Serbisyo All Access. She was born in Cebu City, Philippines.
She was a co-anchor of "Solar Daybreak" from 7 January 2013 until her death in 2017. until 2014.
On August 24, 2017, Veloso died due to complications from liver cancer in Manila at the age of 42.
Michał Żebrowski
Michał Jan Żebrowski (born 17 June 1972) is a Polish actor and dramatist. He owns the theater 6 Piętro.
Żebrowski was born in Warsaw, Poland.
Lorain, Ohio
Lorain is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie. It is about 30 miles west of Cleveland. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 64,097, making it Ohio's tenth largest city, the third largest in Greater Cleveland, and the largest in Lorain County by population.
Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017
A total solar eclipse happened on August 21, 2017. It could be seen in the United States. A partial eclipse could be seen from northern Canada to northern South America, and in northwestern Europe, northwestern Africa, and the most eastern part of Asia.
East Lancs EL2000
The East Lancs EL2000 is single-decker bus body built by East Lancashire Coachbuilders from 1989 to 1996 .
It could be built on the Volvo B10M, Volvo B6, Dennis Falcon, Dennis Dart, Dennis Lance, Scania K93 and Scania N113 chassis
It's had various facelifts through the years
Jay Thomas
Jon Thomas Terrell (July 12, 1948 – August 24, 2017), professionally known as Jay Thomas, was an American actor, comedian, and radio talk show host.
His well known television work included his role as Remo DaVinci on "Mork & Mindy" (1979–81), the recurring role of Eddie LeBec on "Cheers" (1987–89), the lead character Jack Stein on "Love & War" (1992–95), and a repeat guest role as Jerry Gold on "Murphy Brown".
Thomas won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 1990 and 1991 for playing Gold.
In 1997, he starred in the television movie "Killing Mr. Griffin", based on the novel of the same name. In movie, he co-starred in "Mr Holland's Opus" and portrayed The Easter Bunny in "The Santa Clause 2" and "The Santa Clause 3". He was also an annual guest on "The Late Show with David Letterman" during the Christmas season.
Beginning in 2005, he hosted "The Jay Thomas Show" on SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and was on every Friday afternoon on Howard 101.
Thomas died in Santa Barbara, California of throat cancer on August 24, 2017 at the age of 69.
Petorca Province
The Petorca Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). Its capital is the city of La Ligua.
The Petorca province is the largest province in the Valparaíso region with an area of .
The Petorca province is the most northern of the provinces of the region and is on the coast along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered to the north by the Coquimbo region, to the east by the San Felipe de Aconcagua province, to the south by the Quillota province, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.
(last national census), there were 70,610 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km².
The largest city of the province is La Ligua, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 17,048 inhabitants.
As a province, Petorca is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes ("comunas"). The city of La Ligua serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Jack Rosenthal (journalist)