Line level is the strength of an audio signal. An audio signal transfers sound, for example to CD players and cassette players. It is much higher than microphone level, which can be only a couple of millivolts. A line level signal can be connected to an amplifier which sends the signal to loudspeakers with much higher power.
A preamplifier is a device that can make the line level higher. It can boost a microphone's weak audio signal.
Objectification
Objectification refers to the treating of an abstract concept as a real thing.
Kim Campbell
Avril Phædra Douglas "Kim" Campbell (known as Kim Campbell) (born March 10, 1947), is a Canadian politician, lawyer, diplomat, and writer who was the 19th Prime Minister of Canada from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993.
Kim Campbell was born on March 10, 1947, in Port Alberni, British Columbia. Her Parents were George Thomas Campbell and Phyllis "Lisa" Cook.
She entered the PC Party leadership race after Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced his retirement from politics. She defeated Jean Charest at the Progressive Conservative leadership convention and was appointed Prime Minister on June 25, 1993 by Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn. She served as Prime Minister from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993. She was the first and only to date female Prime Minister of Canada, the first Prime Minister to have been born in British Columbia and the first Prime Minister to be a baby boomer.
When Campbell became Prime Minister, there had to be a general election. This is because elections in Canada have to take place at least every five years. During the 1993 federal election campaign, she became very unpopular after the writ was dropped. Because of this, on the day of the election, the Progressive Conservatives won only two seats in Parliament. Campbell lost her own seat.
Joy Davidman
Joy Davidman (born Helen Joy Davidman; 18 April 1915 – 13 July 1960) was an American poet and writer. She was Jewish and of Polish and Ukrainian descent. She won the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition in 1938 and the Russell Loines Award for Poetry in 1939 for her book of poems, "Letter to a Comrade". She was the author of several books, including two novels. She was also the wife of C. S. Lewis. She died of bone cancer four years after the marriage.
Girma Wolde-Giorgis
Girma Wolde-Giorgis (December 28, 1924 – December 15, 2018) was a Ethiopian politician and was the President of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013.
Girma Wolde-Giorgis was born in December 28, 1924, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
He went to school at the Ethiopian Orthodox Church school and he later joined the Teferi Mekonnen School in Addis Ababa until the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. He was elected the President of Ethiopia as a surprise choice on 8 October 2001 by a unanimous vote of the Ethiopian Parliament. On 9 October 2007, he was re-elected as president.
Mulatu Teshome was elected the President of Ethiopia by a unanimous parliamentary vote on 7 October 2013.
Wolde-Giorgis died on December 15, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at the age of 93.
Hydrometer
A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids; that is, the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water it is used as water
A hydrometer is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright. The liquid to be tested is poured into a tall container, often a graduated cylinder, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely. The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the stem of the hydrometer is noted. Hydrometers usually contain a scale inside the stem, so that the specific gravity can be read directly. A variety of scales exist, and are used depending on the context.
Hydrometers may be calibrated for different uses, such as a lactometer for measuring the density (creaminess) of milk, a saccharometer for measuring the density of sugars in a liquid, or an alcoholometer for measuring higher levels of alcohol in spirits.
Hygrometer
A hygrometer is a meteorological instrument that is used to measure the humidity of the air. A common way these devices work is by using a material that attracts moisture. This material changes depending on how hydrated it is.
A hygrometer has two bulbs: one wet and one dry. Both bulbs are like thermometers, though one is covered with a wet or dry towel. After a period of time, the water on the bulb evaporates and at that time, the temperature is measured on each bulb. The difference between the temperatures is noted. Then each of the temperatures are used on a chart to find the relative humidity of that temperature and area. Relative humidity is a ratio, so it has no unit. A small difference between the temperature of the bulbs shows a high relative humidity coming from a low evaporation rate. In dry air, evaporation takes place faster showing a large difference in temperature thus giving a low relative humidity.
Example: 30˚C Dry Bulb + 20˚C Wet Bulb = ~40% relative humidity.
A sling psychrometer works when the scientist spins two thermometers through the air, one plain and one with a wet cloth around it. The dry thermometer measures the air temperature. The wet thermometer measures the dew point, because the wet cloth is cooled as the thermometer spins. Since the water on the cloth evaporates, due to latent heat, which is the loss of heat energy when matter goes through a phase change, the cloth cools. Then, the thermometer measures the temperature of the cloth. Eventually the cloth will match the amount of water absorbed in it with the amount of water absorbed in the air, or the humidity. When the matching happens, the temperature will stabilize. Then, the scientist looks on a table to find the dew point according to the air temperature and humidity measured by the wet bulb.
Gondola lift
A gondola lift is a type of public transport. It consists of cabins fixed to a cable that travels between two stations. The cable is moved around by motors at the stations and is lifted from the ground by towers. A gondola lift is similar to a cable car, and sometimes it is called like that. However, unlike a cable car a gondola lift contains many cabins that go around at the same time. Usually the cabins slow down at the stations to allow passengers to get in or out.
Gondola lifts are mainly used in skiing resorts to transport tourists up and down the mountains.
The National Ski Areas Association reports 0.138 deaths per 100 million miles transported compared to 1.23 for cars.
John A. Roche
John A. Roche (August 12, 1844 – February 10, 1904) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1887–1889). He was a Republican.
Roche was born on August 12, 1844 in Utica, New York. Roche died on February 10, 1904 in Chicago from a type of poisoning, aged 59.
DeWitt Clinton Cregier
DeWitt Clinton Cregier (June 1, 1829 – November 9, 1898) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1889 to 1891. He was a Democrat.
Cregier was born on June 1, 1829 in New York City, New York. He was married to Mary Sophia Foggin. They had ten children. Cregier died on November 9, 1898 in Chicago, Illinois from pneumonia, aged 69. He is buried in Rosehill Cemetery in Lincoln Square, Chicago.
Hempstead Washburne
Hempstead Washburne (November 11, 1852 – April 13, 1919) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1891 to 1893. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Washburne was born on November 11, 1852 in Galena, Illinois. Washburne died on April 13, 1919 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 66.
John Patrick Hopkins
John Patrick Hopkins (October 29, 1858 – October 13, 1918) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1893–1895). He was a Democrat.