Eugène Berger (4 December 1960 – 21 January 2020) was a Luxembourg politician, teacher and alpinist. He was a member of the Democratic Party. At the time of his death in 2020, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2007. He was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1994, serving until 2004. He was State Secretary of the Environment from 1999 to 2004.
In 1992, Berger became the first Luxembourger to climb Mount Everest. For this feat, he won the title of Luxembourgian Sportsman of the Year.
Berger was born in Bettembourg. He had two children. He died on 21 January 2020, at the age of 59.
Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that does not belong to any particular county. The United States has 41 independent cities: 38 in Virginia (whose state constitution designates all municipalities incorporated as "cities" as such), plus Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada.
Donetsk People's Republic
Donetsk People’s Republic is a non-recognised state in the Donbass region of Ukraine. When the War in Donbass started in 2014, a few hundred separatists proclaimed it in part of Donetsk Oblast. Donetsk Oblast is all to the east of Ukraine, at the border with Russia. Approximately at the same time, other people started Luhansk People's Republic in Luhansk Oblast. In both parts, there are many etrhnic Russians. Russia helped a lot to start these non-recognised states.
Antony Cotton
Antony Cotton (born Antony Dunn; 5 August 1975) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Sean Tully in the long-running ITV soap opera, "Coronation Street", from 2003 onwards, and as Alexander Perry in the original UK version of "Queer as Folk". He was born in Bury, Greater Manchester, England.
Kate Malone
Kate Olivia Malone (born 29 January 1959) in London, is a British potter and ceramic artist. With Keith Brymer Jones, she judges BBC2’s "The Great Pottery Throw Down". She is known for her large sculptures and using bright colors.
Ian Tuxworth
Ian Lindsay Tuxworth (18 June 1942 – 21 January 2020) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Country Liberal Party and later the Northern Territory Nationals. He served as the second Chief Minister of the Northern Territory from 1984 until he resigned in 1986. He was also elected to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in 1974.
Tuxworth was born in Wollongong, New South Wales. In 1951, he moved to Tennant Creek, Northern Territory. Tuxworth died on 21 January 2020 in Perth, Western Australia. He was 77.
Public
In communication science and public relations, "public" mostly means people. The meaning of this is different than other ideas, such as gatherings in social life to talk about people (public sphere). The meaning of this is also talked about in the learning of government (political science), the learning of how humans think (psychology), and the learning of giving things to people (marketing). This word's meaning is very hard to make, as people think that public has different meanings.
The word "public" comes from the Latin "publicus", or "of the people".
In the learning of government (politics), "public" means a group of people who are related to government (leader group). In psychology and public relations, public has even more different meanings.
In the year of 1929, John Dewey had the meaning of "public" as a group of people who answer the same problem. This means that this meaning is about problems (situational). This definition of "public" with "problem" is so misunderstood that people made a whole new learning place, called as "the idea of the public being about problems" (situational theory of publics) created by James E Gruning, who was so into "the idea of the public being about problems” that he also thought of “the idea of the public "not" being about problems", and so made sets that put the ideas of the meaning of public in order. This includes "the idea of a public without a problem" (nonpublics), "the idea of public with a problem" (latent publics), and "the idea of public who know they have a problem" (active publics).
In this meaning, the meaning of “public” is not someone who likes business (stakeholder) or a system of getting and giving things for money (market). This meaning of "public" here is that it is a part of a group of multiple people who like business (stakeholder) who all need to solve a problem. This is not a market because it does not have any money moving system (exchange system), and that a "public" is created by itself (self-forming) and puts itself in order by itself (self-organizing). The people who are in public relations do things for the "public". People who are needed to make a group's dreams come true are named as "target publics", and people that help the target publics are named as "influentials". Influentials are important, because they give answers to the target public's problems. The "target publics" are also important, because their answers to the government problems (like electoral votes) are very important.
The public also has rules of being in the public ("social norms"), that play a major role in how information is moved.
Public relations theory shows that the meaning of publics is situational, according to John Dewey and James E. Gruning, and is simply a group of people. According to Gabriel M. Vasquez, a public has people that all know about their common problem and all try to solve that problem (“homo narrans” [Latin for "storytelling human"]), and create a list of problems to be solved (agenda-building). For example, Schools are commonly talked about for their agenda-building, on whether they should teach about religion or not (secular). Some people think publics are about the government (political) and last forever.
But, other people think that the meaning of public is non-situational. Kirk Hallahan, professor at Colorado State University, thinks that the meaning of public is about another organization, and has public as that it is people who are about (relate) to an organization, who show different amounts of activity—passivity (getting information without giving it), and who might (or might not) talk with others about their relationship with the group.
Social publics are people who like the same ideas or hobbies.
Networked publics are social publics who are organized by the new technology. Because of this, networked publics are the result of technologies that connect people (networked technologies, like social media), and the whole result from a combination of the people in the networked public, their technologies, and their ideas.
The situational theory of publics, is about the idea that publics can be used and organized by how much they know (are aware of) their common problem, and how much action the group has taken to resolve that problem. This theory shows when people communicate ideas and when the ideas are about the people who are important in solving the common problem. This theory is almost the same as John Dewey's theory of publics and Blumer's theory of publics.
The five key concepts in this theory are:
This theory comes from James E. Grunig's writing, "The Role of Information in Economic Decision Making" in 1966. This writing was the beginning of the situational theory of publics, as it had the first key idea, problem recognition, in the writing. Then, when he wrote about the decisions of people who own land in Columbia to become a professor, he also wrote about the second key idea, constraint recognition. He then added Herbert Krugman's idea of the third key idea, level of involvement, to explain the difference between the fourth and fifth key ideas, information seeking and information processing. After that, he wrote a book in 1984 which was named "Managing Public Relations", which further made the situational theory of publics make more sense, based on John Dewey's book, which was named "The Public and Its Problems".