A carboxylic acid is any molecule that has a COOH group. This group contains a carbonyl (C=O double bond) together with an hydroxyl group (OH) on the same carbon atom. Because it is easy to remove the proton with even a weak base, these compounds are called acids. An example of a carboxylic acid is Acetic acid, which is also known as vinegar.
Carboxylic acids are found a lot in food. Many types of fat molecules are actually carboxylic acids. For example, chocolate and coconuts have these acids. They are also used a lot in soaps and detergents.
The smaller carboxylic acids dissolve in water. The bigger ones dissolve only in organic solvents.
This section lists the first few carboxylic acids.
Epoxide
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a molecule that has a ring with at least three atoms in total, two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. These three atoms are bonded, or stuck together, in a small ring. The ring of atoms is shaped like a triangle, with all edges of the same length. Because of this small ring, an epoxide is very reactive.
Epoxides can be made by oxidation of alkenes. There are many ways to do this. Usually, a peroxide is used. Some ways can even make only one enantiomer of the epoxide.
Epoxides like to react with nucleophiles. Usually, when an epoxide reacts with a nucleophile, the first thing it does is break one of its chemical bonds between the oxygen atom and the carbon atom. This makes the triangular ring pop open. With the ring open, the nucleophile gets stuck onto one of the carbon atoms. On the other carbon, the left over oxygen attaches to a hydrogen atom, turning into an alcohol. This is very useful, because it is easy to change an alcohol into many other functional groups.
Epoxides are useful because with them very complicated molecules can be made quickly. Epoxides are extremely useful for making many other compounds. That is because oxygen, which is in an epoxide, is such a great functional group. Once you have made an epoxide, you can make alcohols, ethers, and halohydrins, among other things.
Max Dugan Returns
Max Dugan Returns is a 1983 American comedy-drama movie. It stars Jason Robards as Max Dugan, Marsha Mason as his daughter Nora, Donald Sutherland, Kiefer Sutherland, and Matthew Broderick as grandson Michael. This was the first movie appearance for both Broderick and Kiefer Sutherland. This was the last Neil Simon movie directed by Herbert Ross. It was also the last Simon movie starring Mason (Simon's wife at the time).
Max Dugan (Robards), the long-lost father of Nora McPhee (Mason), visits her. She is having several problems. He brings some promises and the news that he is going to die soon. He also meets and makes friends with his grandson Michael (Broderick). Donald Sutherland plays the police officer who helps Nora after her car is stolen and becomes her boyfriend in the process.
Former professional baseball player Charley Lau appears as himself. His character is hired by Dugan to coach Michael to hit better for his little league team.
10th Ward of New Orleans
The 10th Ward is a division of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. The 10th Ward is one of the 17 Wards of New Orleans.
The 10th Ward is one of the city's Uptown wards, formerly the old Faubourg Lafayette annexed by New Orleans in 1850s.
The roughly wedge-shaped Ward stretches back from the Mississippi River. The lower boundary is Felicity Street, across which is the 1st Ward, then Martin Luther King Boulevard (formerly Melpomene Street), across which is the 2nd Ward. The upper boundary is First Street, across which lies the 11th Ward.
Near the river the Ward includes part of the Lower Garden District and the former location of America's first experiment with large-scale public housing, started here in 1937, when, as part of the New Deal, President Roosevelt signed the loan to commence construction of the St. Thomas Housing Project. In Central City it includes the Oretha Castle Haley commercial district.
The 10th Ward has been home to such notables as jazz musicians Buddy Bolden and George Brunies.
George Washington Cable House
George Washington Cable House is a cottage at 1313 8th Street in the Garden District of New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the home of George Washington Cable (1844–1925), an American novelist who wrote of Creole life, during the period in which he rose to national prominence.
He lived in this home during 1874-1884. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962.
Gallier House
Gallier House, also known as James Gallier, Jr., House was the home of American architect James Gallier, Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana. Gallier designed the house himself. It is located on Royal Street in the French Quarter section of the city.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.
Gallier House now houses a museum, with the interior restored and furnished in the style of the 1850s.
Gland, Yonne
Gland is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Grandchamp, Yonne
Grandchamp is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Orée-de-Puisaye.
Grimault
Grimault is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Gron, Yonne
Gron is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Guerchy
Guerchy is a former commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valravillon.
Guillon, Yonne
Guillon is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Guillon-Terre-Plaine.
Gurgy
Gurgy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Gy-l'Évêque
Gy-l'Évêque is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Hauterive, Yonne
Hauterive is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Héry, Yonne
Héry is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Irancy
Irancy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Island, Yonne
Island is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
L'Isle-sur-Serein
L'Isle-sur-Serein is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Jaulges
Jaulges is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Joigny
Joigny is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Jouancy
Jouancy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Joux-la-Ville
Joux-la-Ville is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Jouy, Yonne
Jouy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Jully
Jully is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Junay
Junay is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Jussy, Yonne
Jussy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. The people who live in Jussy are called "Jussiens".
Laduz
Laduz is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valravillon.
Lailly
Lailly is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Lain, Yonne
Lain is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Lainsecq
Lainsecq is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Lalande, Yonne
Lalande is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Laroche-Saint-Cydroine
Laroche-Saint-Cydroine is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Lasson, Yonne
Lasson is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Lavau, Yonne
Lavau is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.