One of the most important applications of DCS is related to the thermal unfolding of the proteins, a process called denaturation.The DCS’s role in this process is used to determine the temperature range over which proteins exhibit structural changes. In addition to that, when the protein solution is treated under constant heat rate and constant pressure, DSC can determine apparent heat capacities of the proteins. In fact, the denatured proteins turn out to have higher heat capacities and proper detection of changes on them over time can help to find out the extent of unfolding.
Food quality control is one of the most important issues for human health care and well-being. There has been reported many unlawful practices with regard to food products, specifically adulteration of some highly priced vegetable oils and fats. Adulteration is an action of mixing low quality and sometimes harmful ingredients with food products intended to be sold. In this field, DSC is used to analyze the thermal behaviour of lipids mainly by two processes, the cooling process, which reports information about the crystallisation and the heating process, which gives information on the melting behaviour of the building blocks of lipids. The adulteration in fats or oils changes the DSC cooling and heating curves. For example, new peaks appear and existing peaks undergo changes. Hence, analysis of DSC data can be used in estimation of adulteration process on nutrients.
DSC has gained quite a lot interest in drug purity investigation because it requires samples with low quantity (1–2 mg) and is considerably fast in terms of analysis time. For instance, by monitoring the effects of foreign substances, it can be found to what extent a drug is pure. It turns out that impurities decrease the melting temperature formula_7 of the drug. In addition, melting temperature can also be used to estimate the thermal stability of drugs, because the higher the formula_7 the more stable is the protein. Therefore, DSC allows instant monitoring of this temperature leading to much easier and faster way of controlling the drug quality.
Against All Odds (N-Dubz album)
Against All Odds is the second studio album by N-Dubz. It was released in Ireland on 13 November 2009 and was released on 16 November 2009 in the UK.
Love.Live.Life
Love.Live.Life is the third studio album to be released by British hip hop group N-Dubz, released on 29 November 2010, as a collaboration by All Around the World and Island Records. Following the release of the album the group announced an long-term break to focus on solo projects.
The group began recording the album following the success of their second album "Against All Odds". Due to the album being released in America, certain UK words like "Blood" and "You get me?" were removed from the final edit of the album, but the group's trademark phrase "Na, na, niii" stayed as the group did not want to lose the respect they had earned from their original fans.
Vito Acconci
Vito Hannibal Acconci (January 24, 1940 – April 27, 2017) was an American designer, architect, and artist. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He was known for his works in Landscape architect and in Installation art. He was known for his performance piece titled "Seedbed".
Acconci died at his apartment in Manhattan, New York on April 28, 2017 from a stroke, aged 77.
Dina Ali Lasloom
Dina Ali Lasloom (Arabic: دينا علي السلوم) (born 29 March 1993) is a Saudi Arabian teacher who was kidnapped in the Philippines.
On April 11, 2017, she was traveling from Kuwait to Australia to ask for political asylum. She was stopped in Manila airport. She made a video with a cellphone. IN the video, she said they took her passport and papers. She said that her family would kill her. She wanted to escape a forced marriage. Dina borrowed a phone from a Canadian woman to make the video. In the video, Dina said she was locked up for 13 hours. Then two men came to the airport. Dina said they were her uncles.
An airport security officer saw three men take Dina. They put duct tape on her hands, feet, and mouth. Then they put her in a wheelchair. THey took her on a Saudia Airlines flight to Riyadh. Other passengers said they heard her scream for help in the airplane.
The video went viral in Saudi Arabia. People used the hashtag #SaveDinaAli. Protesters were waiting for Dina at the Riyadh airport. One Saudi woman, Alaa Anazi, was arrested at the airport. Some women’s rights advocates in Saudi Arabia say Dina was taken to a women’s shelter. Others said Alla Anazi was taken to the shelter. Dina did not get off the airplane with the other passengers.
Heat of combustion
The heat of combustion, also called calorific value or energy value of a substance is the amount of energy that is released when burning a given amount of the substance. This energy is released in the form of heat, when the substance is burned in standard conditions.
Heat of combustion ("Δ"H"°") is the measure of the amount of energy released in the form of heat ("q") when one mole of a substance is burned (combustion). The production of heat means the reaction is an exothermic process and gives off energy. Heat of combustion is a specialized form of reaction enthalpy because it is measured at standard conditions and is limited to one mole starting material. The (°) symbol shows that the heat of combustion value is obtained at standard conditions: 25 degrees Celsius (298.15 Kelvin) and at a constant pressure. The pressure is reported both at either one bar or at one atmosphere depending on the source.
Heat of combustion is also called the enthalpy of combustion because the energy evolved from the combustion reaction results from the change in the overall enthalpy of the starting substance as it reacts completely with oxygen. The terms heat of combustion and enthalpy of combustion are used interchangeably due to the First law of thermodynamics and the relationships between heat at constant pressure ("q"), the change in internal energy (ΔU), and the change in enthalpy (ΔH).
The equation for the change in internal energy is
Δ"U" = "q - "PΔV.
If the equation is rearranged, then
q = Δ"U" + "P"Δ"V".
The equation for the change in enthalpy is
Δ"H" = Δ"U" + "P"Δ"V" + "V"Δ"P".
The term V"Δ"P cancels because there is no change in pressure so
Δ"H" = Δ"U" + "P"Δ"V".
As previously stated,
q = Δ"U" + "P"Δ"V".
Therefore, q = Δ"H".
Heat of combustion measurements are most common for the combustion of organic hydrocarbons, compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen, but can include other atoms found in organic compounds such as nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur and especially oxygen. Heat of combustion values are most widely used for determining if a substance is an effective fuel source. Many organic compounds can be found in Heat of Combustion Tables
The units for heat of combustion can be varied, but are always reported as a unit of energy per mole or per unit of mass or volume depending on the method used to report the values. To evaluate the efficiency of a substance as a fuel, energy per unit of mass or volume is more convenient.
As with all combustions and many oxidation reactions, oxygen must be present in order for the substance to combust. Combustion reactions are carried out with oxygen at constant pressure in a calorimeter. A representative combustion reaction is that of methane (CH) in the presence of oxygen
CH(g) + O(g) → CO + HO(l)
The products of a combustion reaction are water and carbon dioxide gas as long as the reactants are oxygen and hydrocarbons. The water product can be in the form of gas or liquid depending on the temperature post-combustion. A true heat of combustion determination has liquid water at the end of the reaction due to the fact that the experiment is returned to the standard temperature of 25°C at which water condenses into liquid.
Ray Wilson