The Eastern Theatre was the scene of several key battles. These included the First Battle of Bull Run, the bloody Battle of Antietam and the greatest battle, the Battle of Gettysburg. Only 100 miles separated the two capital cities, Washington, D.C. the Union capital and the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. Between the two lay the Shenandoah Valley, a natural corridor that could hide entire armies.
After the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861, both sides scrambled to create armies. President Abraham Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion. This immediately caused the secession of four additional states, including Virginia. The United States Army had only around 16,000 men, with more than half spread out in the West. The army was commanded by the elderly Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott, veteran of the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War. On the Confederate side, only a handful of federal officers and men resigned and joined the Confederacy. The formation of the Confederate States Army was a matter initially undertaken by the individual states.
Elena Baltacha
Elena Sergeevna Baltacha (14 August 1983 – 4 May 2014) was a British professional tennis player.
Baltacha was born in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union to Olga and Sergei Pavlovich Baltacha. Her brother is Sergei Baltacha, Jr. She moved to the United Kingdom in 1989.
She was British No. 1 intermittently from 2002 to 2012. However, due to her absence from competition, due to knee surgery, she dropped down the world rankings and at the time of her retirement, on 18 November 2013, she was ranked as the world No. 221 and British No. 6. She was a four-time winner of the Aegon Award.
Baltacha was diagnosed with liver cancer in January 2014. She died of the disease three months later, aged 30.
Corona, California
Corona is a city in Riverside County, California. It has a population of 152,374 as of 2010. The mayor of Corona is Karen Spiegel. It is near Yorba Linda, California.
Japanese idol
An in the Japanese pop culture is a young media personality (a singer, an actor, a model, etc.). This is usually a teenager, who has a cute and innocent public image. Idols are a separate category of Japanese artists.
The term is commercialized by Japanese talent agents. The talent agencies hold auditions for cute boys and girls and make them stars. Idols are intended to be an ideal object of love of frenzied fans. There is also a view that the Japanese people see idols as sisters or girls next door.
Japanese idol singers work across genres of the Japanese pop music. This is usually whatever is most popular at the moment. Their songs do not require great singing skills, but the artist must be beautiful, sweet and nice to sing them. In their everyday life, idols must also match the songs they sing. They must have a perfect public image and be good examples to young people.
The phenomenon appeared in the early 1970s. It was thanks to the popularity of young French actress Sylvie Vartan and the movie she played in called "Cherchez l'idole" ("Look for the Idol"). The movie came out in Japan in November 1964 under the title "Aidoru o Sagase". The term "idol" started being used for girls, mostly between 14 and 16, who were just beginning their path to stardom or for very young new stars.
This is a selective list of Japanese idol music groups, divided by projects or talent agencies.
Zhané
Zhané (pronounced jah-nay) was an American R&B-soul group. The group was known for several major songs, like "Groove Thang", "Hey Mr DJ" and "Sending My Love". The group was part of Queen Latifah's Flavor Unit collective.
The group broke up during the late 1990s.
The Protopopovs
Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova (often called "The Protopopovs") are former Russian figure skaters. They skated for the Soviet Union. They won Olympic gold medals in 1964 and 1968. They won the World Figure Skating Championships every year from 1965 to 1968.
In 1979, Protopopov and Belousova defected to Switzerland. They became Swiss citizens in 1995. They continued to skate at ice shows and skating exhibitions through their seventies.
Protopopov and Belousova met in Moscow in 1954. They trained in Leningrad.
They competed internationally for the Soviet Union. Their first coach was Igor Moskvin. Their second coach was Petr Orlov. After some disagreements, they left Orlov. They then trained without a coach at a rink in Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast. In 1961, they decided to work with Stanislav Zhuk to raise their technical difficulty.
The Protopopovs' first competition was at the 1958 World Championships. They finished in 13th place. At the 1960 Winter Olympics, they finished in 9th place. In 1962, they won the silver medal at the World Championships. They were the first pair from the Soviet Union or Russia to win a world medal in their sport. They also won silver at the 1962 European Figure Skating Championships.
The Protopopovs' won their first major international gold medal at the 1964 Winter Olympics. It was the first Olympic pairs gold for the Soviet Union. From this Olympic Games to the 2006 Winter Olympics, only Soviet/Russian skaters won gold medals in pairs skating. That was the longest streak in Olympic history.
The Protopopovs won their first World and European gold medals in 1965. They were the first Soviet/Russian pair to win those.
They won Olympic gold medals for the second time at the 1968 Winter Olympics. At 32 and 35 years old, they were some of the oldest champions in figure skating.
In 1969 they won the silver medal at the European Championships and the bronze medal at the World Championships. Those were their last major international competitions. They continued to compete within the Soviet Union until 1972. After retiring from competition, they skated in shows into their seventies.
The Protopopovs contributed to the development of pairs skating. They created three kinds of the figure skating move called "death spiral". Dick Button said, "The Protopopovs are great skaters not only because they were the finest of Olympic champions, but also because their creative impact was extraordinary."
Belousova and Protopopov married in December 1957. They are usually called "The Protopopovs", even though Belousova kept her maiden name after their marriage. They decided not to have children because they wanted to keep skating.
On 24 September 1979, Belousova and Protopopov defected to Switzerland while on tour. They applied for political asylum. They settled in Grindelwald. They became Swiss citizens in 1995. Switzerland is still their winter home. Their summer home and training center is in Lake Placid, New York. On 25 February 2003, they went back to Russia for the first time. They were invited by Vyacheslav Fetisov, the Russian Minister of Sport.
Gary Becker
Gary Stanley Becker (December 2, 1930 ~ May 3, 2014) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago and a professor at the Booth School of Business. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1992 and received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007. He was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania.
Gary Becker died in Chicago, Illinois from complications of ulcer surgery, aged 83.
Tatiana Samoilova
Tatiana Yevgenyevna Samoilova (; 4 May 1934 – 4 May 2014) was a Soviet and Russian movie actress. She starred in "The Cranes Are Flying" (1957), "The Unsent Letter" (1959) and "Anna Karenina" (1967).
Samoilova's career began in 1955. She starred in over 50 Russian movies. She retired in 2008. Samoilova was born in Leningrad, Russia SFSR, Soviet Union.
On 3 May 2014, the eve of her 80th birthday, Samoilova was taken to hospital in Moscow. She had a serious condition with coronary heart disease and hypertension. She died, two days later on 4 May 2014.
Newington Butts