Joutsa is a municipality in Central Finland. It is part of Itä-Häme, along with Hartola, Sysmä, Pertunmaa, Heinola and Luhanka.
Almost 4,900 people lived in Joutsa as of February 2014. It covers an area of . Neighbouring municipalities are Hartola, Hirvensalmi, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Luhanka, Pertunmaa and Toivakka.
The former municipality of Leivonmäki was merged with Joutsa in 2008.
The newspaper "Joutsan Seutu" is published in Joutsa and Luhanka.
A summer festival, Joutsan Joutopäivät, is held on the second weekend of July.
Sahti culture is strong in Joutsa. "Joutsan sahti" is a locally made traditional drink.
Angesselkä, Etu-Ikola, Hankaa, Havumäki, Joutsa, Kivisuo, Kälä, Laitjärvi, Lapinkylä, Leivonmäki, Marjotaipale, Martinkylä, Mieskonmäki, Niemistenkylä, Pajumäki, Pappinen, Pylsy, Pärnämäki, Ruokoranta, Ruorasmäki, Rutalahti, Savenaho, Selänpohja, Taka-Ikola, Tammilahti, Tolvasniemi, Uimaniemi, Vallaspelto, Vähä-Joutsa and Vehmaa.
Mäntyharju
Mäntyharju is a municipality in Finland. Almost 6,350 people lived there in August 2012. It covers an area of about .
Villages include Ahvenisto, Anettu, Enonlahti, Halmeniemi, Hietaniemi, Huopola, Hyyrylä, Hölttä, Jäniskylä, Karankamäki, Kinni, Kirkonkylä, Koirakivi, Korpilahti, Kousa, Kuhajärvi, Kukonkorpi, Kyttälä, Lahnaniemi, Leppäniemi, Luhtanen, Lyytikkälä, Mynttilä, Niinimäki, Nurmaa, Ollikkala, Outila, Paasola, Partsinmaa, Poitsiniemi, Pyhäkoski, Pärnämäki, Saviniemi, Särkemäki, Tiilikkala, Toivola, Valtola, Vanonen and Varpanen.
Feldkirch
Feldkirch is the second largest city in Vorarlberg. The largest hospital of Vorarlberg is there. About 33.000 people lived in Feldkirch, in 2019.
Feldkirch has seven districts named Feldkirch, Tisis, Tosters, Nofels, Levis, Gisingen and Altenstadt.
Mikkeli
Mikkeli is a town in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, the population was almost 54,700. In the Finnish point of view, Mikkeli is a city, not a town. Neighbouring municipalities are Hirvensalmi, Juva, Kangasniemi, Mäntyharju, Pieksämäki, Puumala and Savitaipale.
The former municipality of Haukivuori was merged with Mikkeli in 2007. The former municipalities of Ristiina and Suomenniemi was merged with Mikkeli in 2013.
Mikkeli was established in 1838.
Medullary ray
In botany, medullary rays (pith rays or wood rays) are sheets or ribbons of cells running from the inside of the plant to the outside. That is, they run at right angles to the xylem and phloem, which run vertically. While the plant is alive, these medullary cells are alive. They carry nutrients (sap) towards the surface of the tree.
In wood products the rays can be seen running perpendicular to the growth rings. If wood is cut into boards with the growth rings roughly perpendicular to the face of the board, the medullary rays often produce beautiful "figure" such as silver grain, medullary spots, pith flecks, etc.
The function of medullary rays is to carry chemicals which fight invasion by insects and fungi, and block any damaged areas. The cells deposit tannins and resins which block up the damaged area. This process is called "tylosis".
Savonlinna
Savonlinna is a town in Finland. The population was almost 36,250 in January 2014. Neighbouring municipalities are Enonkoski, Heinävesi, Kitee, Liperi, Parikkala, Rantasalmi, Ruokolahti, Rääkkylä, Sulkava and Varkaus. Some parts of central Savonlinna has been built over islands. Over one-third of the area is water or islands.
The former municipalities of Kerimäki and Punkaharju were merged with Savonlinna in 2013.
Rovaniemi
Rovaniemi is a town in Lapland, in northern Finland. Rovaniemi is very close to the Arctic Circle. The population was over 61,000 in January 2014. The area is huge in typical European scale. Neigbouring municipalities are Kittilä, Sodankylä, Kolari, Pello, Ylitornio, Tervola, Ranua, Posio, Kemijärvi and Pelkosenniemi.
On 1 January 2006, (Rural municipality of Rovaniemi) was merged into a single municipality.
Quiet storm
Quiet storm is a late-night radio format that plays slow soul music. It developed in the 1970s in Washington, D.C.
Christy Mathewson
Christopher Mathewson (August 12, 1880 - October 7, 1925) was an American Major League Baseball player. He was known as "Big Six", "The Christian Gentleman", and "Matty". He played for the New York Giants and the Cincinnati Reds, and also managed the Reds. He became a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936.
Drying rack
Drying rack is a rack used for drying clothes after they have been washed. It is also called a clothes horse or a clothes rack. It is usually located inside a house, as a replacement to a washing line, which is located outside.
An automated drying rack (also known variously as a automated drying rack, automatic laundry airer or automated laundry system) is a ceiling-mounted mechanism to dry clothes and is automated. In Singapore, it is often know as automated laundry rack.
Altenstadt (Feldkirch)
Altenstadt is a district of Feldkirch in Austria. The biggest and most important school in Feldkirch is there.
Cytokine storm
A cytokine storm is an overreaction of the body's immune system. It can be deadly. It consists of a positive feedback loop between cytokines and immune cells.
It is believed that cytokine storms were responsible for many of the deaths during the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed a disproportionate number of young adults. In this case, a healthy immune system may have been a liability rather than an asset. Preliminary research results from Hong Kong also suggest this as the probable reason for many deaths during the SARS epidemic in 2003. Human deaths from the bird flu H5N1 usually involve cytokine storms as well.
Dassault Mirage F1
Mirage F1 is a French air superiority and attack aircraft. Its first flight was on 23 December 1966, but it first entered into the French Air Force in 1973. Dassault Aviation has built this turbojet aircraft. Its current important users are France, Iran and Morocco.
Black Hole of Calcutta
Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in old Fort William, Calcutta, India. It was 18 feet (5.5 metres) long and 14 feet (4 metres) wide, and had two small windows.
The fort was built by the British to defend their trading interests in Calcutta. During hostilities in 1756, the fort was captured by the army of the Nawab of Bengal on 20 June. John Zephaniah Holwell, a British eyewitness, reported that those taken in the capture of the fort, numbering 146, were confined to the dungeon, and that only 23 survived. The story was told by John Zephaniah Holwell, a survivor. However, 146 people could not have fit in a room of 24 x 18 feet. Today most concede that Holwell greatly exaggerated the number of captives.
The British captured and killed the Nawab. An obelisk was later raised in memory of those who died in the Black Hole. Holwell's account of the incident has been challenged by modern historians and scholars.
Vellum
Vellum is a high-quality form of parchment. Originally, it meant calf skin, but in English the term is used more widely.
Like parchment, the skin is prepared to take writing in ink. It was one of the standard writing surfaces used in Europe before paper became available. It continued to be used for high-status documents. The vellum was used for single pages, scrolls, codices or books.
To manufacture vellum, the skin is cleaned, then bleached, stretched on a frame called a "herse", and scraped with a knife. When vellum is scraped, it is by turns wet and dry to create tension. A final finish is got by rubbing the surface with pumice, and treating it with lime or chalk. Then it is ready to accept ink.
Modern "paper vellum" (sometimes called vegetable vellum) is made out of synthetic material instead of mammal skin, but is used for the same purpose as normal vellum.