Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape. In particular, it refers to the rate of growth of one part of the body compared to other parts. In most cases, the relative size of body parts changes as the body grows. Most allometric relationships are adaptive. For example, organs which depend on their surface area (such as the intestine) grow faster as the body weight increases.
Also, there are changes in allometry as a clade evolves. Allometry is an important way to describe changes in gross morphology (body shape) during evolution. Changes in time of development in an evolutionary series or clade are very common. The trend is known as heterochrony.
Allometry was first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, D'Arcy Thompson in 1917, and Julian Huxley in 1932. The relationship between two measured quantities is often expressed as a power law:
where formula_3 is the scaling exponent of the law.
JBS Haldane's 1926 essay "On being the right size" gives an overview of the way size interacts with body structure. Haldane's thesis is that sheer size very often defines what bodily equipment an animal must have:
Many of his examples are based on the square-cube law. If an animal's length is doubled, its surface area will be squared and its weight cubed. This alone causes allometric changes in any evolutionary lineage where successive species get larger of smaller. There are many such lineages.
The bigger an animal gets, the more would they have to change their physical shape, but the weaker they would become.
Keiko Ikeda
, also known by her married name as , is a Japanese amateur athlete, coach, university professor and sports administrator. She is best known as a gymnast who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics, in the 1960 Summer Olympics, and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
She won a gold medal on the balance beam at the 1954 World Gymnastics Championships. She is the only Japanese woman to win a gold medal in this international competition.
Abhinav Bindra
Abhinav Bindra (born September 28, 1982, in Dehradun) is an Indian amateur athlete and businessman. He is best known as the current World and Olympic champion in the 10 m Air Rifle event.
At the Beijing Olympic Games, he became the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal.
He was born in Punjab. He became interested in shooting a gun as a sport when he was in school in Chandigarh
Lake Mackay
Lake Mackay (Pintupi: "Wilkinkarra") is a large salt lake in central Australia. It stretches across the border between Western Australia and the Northern Territory. All around it is desert. The Great Sandy Desert is to the northwest, the Tanami Desert is to the northeast, and the Gibson Desert is to the south. There are hundreds of salt lakes along this border area, and Lake Mackay is the largest. It has a surface area of , and is about long from east to west and north to south. It is the second-largest lake in Australia.
The lake was named after the first European to visit it, Donald George Mackay. The lake is most often dry, because of quick evaporation. Salt and other minerals float on the surface.
Lake Mackay is a central place in dreamtime stories for several Aboriginal groups, especially the Pintupi. The lake forms the centre of the Pintupi ancestral lands. Many sacred paths and tracks come together at the shores of the lake. According to mythology, the lake was formed after a fierce bushfire that ruined the land around it.
Papunya, Northern Territory
Papunya is a small community in central Australia. It is about northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. The people who live there are Aboriginal people who were forced off their traditional country during the 1930s and 1940s. They are mainly from Pintupi- and Luritja-speaking groups. In the 2006 census, Papunya had a population of 299. The town is now on private Aboriginal land. People visiting or travelling through need a permit.
During the late 1950s, a Lutheran mission was set up at Papunya. In the 1970s, many of the people living here moved back to their homelands as part of the outstation movement. The Pintupi moved back west, closer to their homeland around Lake Mackay. They set up the town of Kintore in 1981, about west of Papunya. During this time, local painters were slowly forming a new style of art. By the mid-1980s, it became internationally known as Papunya Tula.
William Thomas Stead
William Thomas Stead (5 July 1849 – 15 April 1912) was a British writer and journalist. He was a pioneer of investigative journalism, and one of the most controversial figures in British journalism during the Victorian era.
His death occurred during the sinking of RMS Titanic.
Kintore, Northern Territory
Kintore (Pintupi: "Waḻungurru"; ) is a remote town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about west of Alice Springs and close to the border with Western Australia. Almost all the people who live there are Aboriginal, and most are Pintupi.
Kintore was founded in 1981. Many Pintupi people who lived in the community of Papunya (to the east) decided to move back to their own country. They had been forced to leave these lands decades before because of weapons testing at Woomera in South Australia. Kintore is a major centre for the Western Desert art movement, which began at Papunya during the 1970s. The paintings made here are visual descriptions of dreamtime stories. They have gained fame around the world. A number of members of the Aboriginal art school Papunya Tula live at Kintore.
Tim Conway
Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway (December 15, 1933 – May 14, 2019) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, writer, singer, voice artist, and comedian. He has worked in sitcoms, comedy sketches, and in movies. Conway is best known for "McHale's Navy" as Ensign Charles Parker. To younger viewers, Conway is known for Barnacle Boy in "SpongeBob SquarePants".
Conway was born Thomas Daniel Conway in Willoughby, Ohio on December 15, 1933. His mother was Romanian. He was raised in Chagrin Falls, Ohio.
Conway went to Bowling Green State University.
Conway was married twice: His first marriage was to Mary Anne Dalton in 1961.
Conway and Dalton had six children. One of them is radio host Tim Conway, Jr.. Conway and Dalton divorced in 1978. Conway's second marriage was in 1984 to Charlene Fusco. Conway and Ernest Borgnine were good friends until Borgnine's death in 2012.
Conway died on May 14, 2019, at the age of 85 from complications of normal pressure hydrocephalus.
List of settlements in Bulgaria
This is a complete list of all cities and towns in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold.
List of settlements in Burkina Faso
This is a list of cities and towns in Burkina Faso.
List of cities in Cambodia
This is a list of cities in Cambodia.
Cillian Murphy
Cillian Murphy (born 25 May 1976) is an Irish movie and theatre actor. Murphy is known for his multiple roles and his blue eyes.
Murphy was born on 25 May 1976 in Douglas, County Cork, Ireland. He was raised in Ballintemple, a suburb of Cork. His father, Brendan Murphy, worked for the Irish Department of Education. His mother is a French teacher. He went to University College Cork.
Murphy started his career as a rock musician. After he turned down a record deal, he started his acting career in a play in Disco Pigs in 1996. He went on to star in a British and Irish movie and stage production in the late 1990s and early 2000s. His first worldwide role was in 2003 as the hero in the horror movie "28 Days Later".
Murphy's best-known roles were villains in two blockbusters: Scarecrow in the superhero movie "Batman Begins", and as Jackson Rippner in the thriller movie "Red Eye". He also played the Scarecrow in the next two Batman movies: "The Dark Knight" and "The Dark Knight Rises". He played the orphan teen in the 2005's "Breakfast on Pluto". For that role, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He played a 1920s Irish revolutionary in "The Wind That Shakes the Barley".