The President leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The President is directly elected by the people, and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the Vice President of the Philippines.
However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, such as by the death or resignation of an incumbent president.
Filipinos refer to their President as "Pangulo" or "Presidente". The President serves a single, fixed, six-year term without possibility of re-election. On June 30, 2016, Rodrigo Duterte was sworn in as the 16th and current president.
Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution reads that in order to be eligible for President the person must:
As of , there are four living former Presidents:
Vice President of the Philippines
The Vice President of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President.
The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. The current office of the Vice President was re-established under the 1987 Constitution.
Leni Robredo from Camarines Sur assumed the office on June 30, 2016 as the 14th and current vice president.
The official title of the office in Filipino is "Pangalawang Pangulo," although "Bise Presidente," derived from Spanish, is the usual title used in some of the major Philippine languages, such as Cebuano and Hiligaynon language.
Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution mandates that the Vice President must bear the same qualifications as the President which means he must be:
There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation:
Teofisto Guingona Jr.
Teofisto Tayko Guingona Jr. ( , born July 4, 1928) is a Filipino politician. He was the 11th Vice President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004, during the first term of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
He was appointed as Chairman of the Commission on Audit by then newly installed President Corazon Aquino in 1986 until 1987. He was elected as a Senator of the Philippines. He won in the reelections in 1992 and became Majority Leader a year after.
President Fidel V. Ramos appointed him as Executive Secretary from 1993 until 1995 and as Justice Secretary from 1995 until 1998. He was reelected to the senate again as a Minority Leader from 1998 until 2001.
Neri Oxman
Neri Oxman (; born 1976) is an American–Israeli architect, designer, and professor at the MIT Media Lab. She is known for art and architecture that combine design, biology, computing, and materials engineering.
Cecilia Suárez
María Cecilia Suárez de Garay (; born November 22, 1971) is a Mexican actress. She was born in Tampico, Mexico. She studied at Illinois State University. She is a Ariel Award and Emmy International nominated actress. She is known for her roles in "Sexo, pudor y lágrimas", "The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada", "Travesía", "The Air I Breathe", "Dreaming of Julia", "Wash and Wear" and "Overboard".
Elsa Raven
Elsa Raven (born Elsa Rabinowitz; September 21, 1929 – November 3, 2020) was an American actress. She was born in Charleston, South Carolina. She was best known for her two years (1988–1990) on the sitcom "Amen" and playing the mother of Vincent Terranova on the TV series "Wiseguy".
She played Ida Straus in the 1997 movie "Titanic" and had a voice role in the 1981 animated movie "American Pop".
Raven retired in 2011.
Raven died at her home in Los Angeles on November 3, 2020 at the age of 91.
Isidor Straus
Isidor Straus (February 6, 1845 – April 15, 1912) was a German-born American businessman, politician, and co-owner of Macy's department store. A resident of Georgia, USA He was preparing to go to West Point Military Academy when the outbreak of the US Civil War 1861-1865 prevented him from doing so; he was elected a officer In a Georgia Military unit but was not allowed to serve because of his youth He also served for just over a year as a member of the United States House of Representatives.
Straus died with his wife, Ida, in the sinking of the passenger ship RMS "Titanic". Isidor Straus's body was recovered by the cable ship "Mackay-Bennett" and taken to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where it was identified before being shipped to New York.
Clint Capela
Clint N'Dumba-Capela (born May 18, 1994) is a Swiss professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in Geneva, Switzerland.
Capela was only 15 years old when he played at the European Junior Championships. He was drafted by the Rockets in the 2014 NBA draft.
Benjamin Guggenheim
Benjamin "Ben" Guggenheim (October 26, 1865 – April 15, 1912) was an American businessman. He died aboard the "RMS Titanic" when the ship sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. His body was never recovered.
Ida Straus
Rosalie Ida Straus (née Blun; February 6, 1849 – April 15, 1912) was a German-American homemaker and wife of the co-owner of the Macy's department store. She and her husband Isidor died on board the RMS "Titanic".
Luigi Gatti
Gaspare Antonio Pietro "Luigi" Gatti (3 January 1875 – 15 April 1912) was an Italian businessman and restauranteur. He was best known as the manager of the "À la Carte" restaurant on the RMS "Titanic", catering to passengers for whom first-class service was not exclusive enough.
Gatti went down with the ship, dying on 15 April 1912. His body was recovered by the CS "Minia" between 26 April and 6 May 1912, and buried in Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Edward Austin Kent
Edward Austin Kent (February 19, 1854 – April 15, 1912) was an American architect who worked in Buffalo, New York. Kent died on April 15, 1912 when the RMS Titanic sank and was seen helping women and children into the lifeboats. His body was recovered from the ocean and buried in New York.
Sidney Leslie Goodwin
Sidney Leslie Goodwin (9 September 1910 – 15 April 1912) was a 19-month-old English boy who died during the sinking of the RMS "Titanic".
His unidentified body was recovered by the "Mackay-Bennett" after the sinking, and for many years, he was called The Unknown Child. In 2008, mitochondrial DNA testing by the Armed Forces lab revealed his identity. Baby Goodwin is the only member of his family whose body has been recovered and identified.
Frank M. Warren Sr.
Frank Manley Warren Sr. (May 10, 1848 – April 15, 1912) was an American businessman. He made his fortune in the salmon canning industry. The community of Warrendale, Oregon, the site of one of his canneries, was named for him. He died in the sinking of the "Titanic".
He was born in Ellsworth, Maine, but raised in Portland, Oregon.
Thomas Byles
Thomas Roussel Davids Byles (26 February 1870 – 15 April 1912) was an English Catholic priest. He was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.
Byles was a passenger aboard the "RMS Titanic" on its maiden voyage when it sank after striking an iceberg during the night of 15 April 1912. He was reported as being one of the trapped passengers on the ship's rear deck in its final moments. He refused to leave the ship knowing people were unable to leave on lifeboats.
As the ship was sinking, he assisted many third-class passengers up to the boat deck to the lifeboats. He reputedly twice refused a place on a lifeboat. Toward the end he recited the Rosary and other prayers, heard confessions and gave Absolution to more than a hundred passengers who remained trapped on the stern of the ship after all of the lifeboats had been launched.
Pope Pius X later described Byles as a "martyr for the Church".
In 2015, the procedure to make Byles a saint began.
Cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue.