Vomitoxin is a group name for many natural poisons made by fungi from the genus "Fusarium". These fungi grow on grains, such as wheat, rice, barley, and corn. The vomitoxin can stay in the grain. Things made out of the grain, such as flour, beer, or other food, may have vomitoxin in them. If humans or other animals eat the food, they can become sick with vomiting, dizziness, pain, and other problems. These problems usually stop after some time.
There are more than 140 different vomitoxins. The three most common are deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and T-2 toxin.
Deoxynivalenol does not break apart when it gets hot. It can be cooked at 350°C and still stay a poison. Some forms of cooking, like boiling, do help against deoxynivalenol. This is because the deoxynivalenol moves out of the grain into the water, and the water is thrown away.
Scientists believe that deoxynivalenol does not cause cancer.
Animals that eat grain or other food with vomitoxin in it usually do not die, but they do usually eat less. That makes them grow less.
Animals that eat grain that has vomitoxin in it can have the vomitoxin stay in their bodies. Chickens fed vomitoxin lay eggs with vomitoxin in them. Pigs fed vomitoxin have meat with vomitoxin in it. Cows fed vomitoxin give milk with vomitoxin in it. However, there is usually less vomitoxin in the animal product than in the grain that the animal ate.
Vomitoxin and the fungi that make it cost farmers money. According to Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, "Fusifarum" in wheat and other crops cost C$50 million to $300 million each year in Canada alone from 1994 to 2014.
Farmers can do several things to prevent vomitoxin from getting into food. They can use crop rotation, plant seeds that have been checked to have no "Fusarium" in them, plant types of crops that are strong against "Fusarium", and put fungicide on the crops to kill the fungus. Because fungal infections make the crop plants smaller and lighter, sometimes farmers can use combine harvesters to blow air on the crops so that the infected wheat blows away leaving the heavier healthy wheat behind.
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North of the station, the Sixth Avenue Line turns east and becomes the IND 63rd Street Line.
First announced in 1962, the 57th Street Station was opened on July 1 1968 at a cost of $13.2 million. The station was a terminal station until 1989, after which all services was extended to 21st Street - Queensbridge. The station was temporarily served by shuttle trains in the 1990s during the 63rd Street Line reconstruction. From July to December 2018, the station was closed for an extensive five - month renovation.
That time, the station was red and right now, it is blue and they named it the new 57th Street station and F trains enter there and a lot of different trains go to other stations and this station and also it is located in Midtown Manhattan. Right now, F trains are running between 179th Street in Queens and Coney Island Stillwell Avenue in Brooklyn.
Sometimes, E trains enter this station to World Trade Center station and Jamaica Center station via 6th Avenue and 63rd Street.
Right now, this station is only 50 years old and a lot of R160 and R46 F trains are and R160A E trains are entering this station.
Right now, This station and 23rd Street Station are both clean. Also, the 23rd Street station is Green and also the 23rd Street station is located in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. But also, when you exit the station, you can see the Steinway Tower on 111 West 57th Street and One57 at 157 West 57th Street. This station is for F trains. After this station, the next stations will be 47th and 50th Streets Rockefeller Center and Lexington Avenue 63rd Street.
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