Krak de Chevaliers stands on a hill which is high. The hill is at the southern end of the Jabal Ansāriyya mountains, in a position looking over the Homs Gap. Nearby roads carry a trade routes between Antioch and Beirut. The hill has been a fortified place since the 13th century BCE. In 1031 CE, Kurds started to live there in a small castle. In 1110, the Crusaders attacked it took control of the castle. After the Crusaders set up the County of Tripoli, the Knights Hospitaller took control of the castle in 1142. The Knights Hospitaller were the builders of the castle whose ruins remain. The newer castle stands on top of the older 11th-century castle. The oldest buildings there now were built after 1142, when the Knights Hospitaller started to use the place. The first part of the castle to be complete was the centre. At the centre was a building whose shape was an approximation of a triangle. Here are the great hall and kitchens, the chapel, and the granaries, and around these is a thick, strong, masonry wall with towers. When Saladin saw it after his army's victory at the Battle of Hattin, he decided not to attack it.
At the end of the 12th century, the Knights Hospitaller built another defensive wall around the central castle, whereby they closed in of the hill. This wall was also very thick and strong. There are towers at positions along the wall. The first towers to be complete were square in shape, but the later ones were semi-circular. There were two gates with barbicans, one behind the other and joined together by a stone passage with a stone vault. Another postern gate was in the north wall, in a strong position. The Crusaders built many other buildings and made many improvements to the fortifications during this time. The castle was the Hospitallers' headquarters. The Crusaders built the castle's great hall () around 1200. The knights lived together in the great hall. Most of the buildings were complete by around 1220.
After 1170, the castle's chapel was given new frescos. The frescos' painters did the work in a painting style that is like Byzantine art. The Byzantines' influence in the Crusader states was greatest between 1143 and 1169. The builders at Krak de Chevaliers did new work on the great hall building in the style of Gothic architecture.
Krak de Chevaliers was one of several concentric castles that the Knights Hospitaller and the Knights Templar built in the 13th century to stop Muslim armies attacking the Crusader states. The new design was necessary for the repulsion of armies that used new designs of catapults and trebuchets. Krak de Chevaliers had space for large rooms and cisterns with stone vaults. In these rooms and cisterns, the Crusaders could keep enough food and water to eat and drink for many years. The military design meant that the castle was nearly safe from attack. The stores of supplies meant that people in the castle would be safe from a siege. The design of Krak de Chevaliers is one of the best examples of a "concentric castle", along with the castles built by Edward I of England.
The Mamluk leader Baibars attacked Krak de Chevaliers in 1271. His army attacked with trebuchets and catapults. Baibars's army got inside the first wall, but they could not take control of the centre of the castle. Baibars wrote a false letter, which he sent to the Crusaders in the castle. They believed the letter had come from an ally of theirs. The letter said that the Crusaders should surrender. They did surrender, and the Mamluk army of Baibars took control of the castle. After this the Mamluks worked on the castle's buildings. Their builders repaired the buildings and fortifications, and they built a large new tower. The new tower was complete in 1285. (Baibars destroyed many other castles that he took from the Crusaders, but not Krak de Chevaliers.) Unlike many Crusader castles, Krak de Chevaliers continued to be a military position and a centre of government in its area. The castle started to be a town of its own. The frescos in the chapel were whitewashed.
Boroughs of Munich
The boroughs of Munich (, Central Bavarian: "Stodbeziake vo Minga") is divided into 25 boroughs or "Stadtbezirke":
"Source:" muenchen.de
Liu Kai-chi
Dick Liu Kai-chi (; 7 April 1954 – 28 March 2021) was a Hong Kong actor. He was known for his roles in "Cageman" and "Beast Stalker". He won Best Supporting Actor award two times for these two films. He began his career in 1979.
He died in Hong Kong on 28 March 2021 from stomach cancer, aged 66.
Al-Ansariyyah
Al-Anṣariyyah (or Jabal Ansāriyya, Jebel Ansariye, Djebel Ansariye, Ansariye Mountains, Ansariyah mountains Jabal an Nusayriyah, or Alaouite Mountains, Alawite Mountains (Jibal al-‘Alawiyin) or Syrian coastal range ("Silsilat al-Jibal al-Saheliyya)") is a mountain range in Syria. The mountains range runs in a north–south direction along the coast of Syria. The range is about long. To the west of the mountain range is the plain along the coast, and on the west is the valley of the Orontes. (The Orontes runs through the Ghab Depression.) The tallest mountains in the range are in the north: there their average height is about , but in the south the average mountains are only high. The harbour city Latakia is to the west of the mountain range's highest mountain, which is high. Al-Ansariyyah is the only area of land in Syria which has thick forests.
At the southern end of the mountain range is the plain (the Homs Gap) which separates it from Mount Lebanon, in the country of Lebanon. On the south end is Krak de Chevaliers, a castle of the Middle Ages. In Classical Antiquity, the fresh water that came from these mountains supplied the cities of Antioch, Seleucia Pieria, Apamea, and Laodicea. Laodicea (now Latakia) was famous for its wine (from vines grown in this region), and the Roman geographer Strabo wrote that most of the wine in Alexandria in Roman Egypt came from Laodicea. Latakia was famous in the more recent past for its tobacco production.
The mountain range is the homeland of the Alawites. In the Middle Ages, during the Crusades, the Order of Assassins lived in these mountains.
People often migrate from the mountains to the plain of the coast and to the valley of the Ghab Depression, for economic reasons.
Mozhdeh Lavasani
Mozhdeh Lavasani (, born 8 nov 1989 in Tehran) is an Iran. She is a performer, editor, writer, director and speaker from Iran
Lavasani started her media career at the age of three with the program "Little Hello" and has continued her cooperation with the national radio.
Vanessa: Her Love Story
Vanessa: Her Love Story is a 1935 American romantic drama movie directed by William K. Howard and was based on the 1933 novel by Hugh Walpole. It stars Robert Montgomery, Helen Hayes, May Robson, Otto Kruger, Lewis Stone, Henry Stephenson, Violet Kemble Cooper, George K. Arthur and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Mehran Modiri
Mehran Modiri (, born April 7, 1961) is an Iranian comedian actor and Director.
In 2009 Modiri was named by "Newsweek" as one of the 20 people who dominate power and public discourse in Iran. In 2015–2018 Modiri mostly seen in Nasim TV at Dorehami program with Avvalmarket sponsorship.
Samban-Lei Sekpil
The "Samban-Lei Sekpil" is the tallest topiary plant in the world. It was planted and modelled into the shapes of opened umbrellas (""Sekpil"") and spheres by Moirangthem Okendra of Kumbi, Manipur. Its unique position is recorded in the Guinness World Records in 1999, and is holding the record till now. The topiary is designed on the plant, which is known as ""Samban-Lei"" in Meitei language (Manipuri language).
Bigil