Kani Dinar (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,127, in 1,232 families.
Delbaran
Delbaran (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,104, in 1,395 families.
Dezej
Dezej (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,292, in 559 families.
Serishabad
Serishabad (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,563, in 1,742 families.
Shuyesheh
Shuyesheh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,136, in 280 families.
Saheb, Iran
Saheb (, ) is a city in the west side of Iran. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,489, in 344 families.
Irtysh River
The Irtysh River (; ; / ; , ""Twirl""; ) is a river in Siberia and Kazakhstan. It is the main tributary of the Ob River. The main tributary of the Irtysh is the Tobol River. The Ob-Irtysh forms a major drainage basin in Asia, and covers most of Western Siberia and the Altay Mountains.
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, the mathematical formalism is very difficult to interpret physically. However, there are many ideas about the interpretations and meanings of quantum mechanics. There are no facts to prove any interpretation over the others, but there are some that are more accepted than others.
"Main article: Quantum mechanics"
The main ideas of quantum mechanics are the postulates of Schrödinger and Heisenberg. The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that describes the wavefunction of an object. The equation can be given by
formula_1
The basic meaning of this equation is that a particle, such as an electron, is not "just" a point-like particle, but also a type of wave. The philosophical implications will be explored shortly. Another fundamental of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This bizarre theory is the idea that the position and the momentum of an object cannot both be known. The greater the certainty of the "position" of an object, the less the certainty of the "momentum" of the object. The mathematical formulation of this is given by
formula_2
This can further be generalized by stating that
formula_3
Where formula_4 is the operator of formula_5 and formula_6. This law also gives rise to an uncertainty between energy and time, which can be expressed in the same way as the relation between momentum and position.
Another important fact of quantum mechanics is that the electron behaves in a very weird way. At first, no one really knew what the wavefunction meant physically. Max Born, a theoretical physicist, explained that the wavefunction is a "probability wave." In other words, wherever the wave is denser, that is where the particle is most likely found, but it won't necessarily be found there. The way to find the probability
(formula_7) of the position of the particle in the region formula_8
For example, if formula_7 is equal to .5, then there is a 50% chance of finding the particle within that region. This shows us that the location of a particle is probabilistic; one can never say that the particle will "definitely" be found at a certain point in space, but rather, one can only give the probability of finding the particle within that region.
The most well-accepted interpretation of quantum mechanics is the idea called Copenhagen interpretation. This interpretation builds upon the probability-wave notion, but brings in a radical new idea called the superposition principle. The best way to explain this principle is by showing it mathematically. If the functions formula_10 are solutions of the Schrödinger equation, then the superposition of those wavefunctions is also a solution. i.e.,
formula_11
Where formula_12 is the superposition of the various wavefunctions. This idea implies that a particle occupies every possible wavefunction it can. This implies that a particle occupies more than one position "at the same time." In other words, a particle exists in at least two different positions simultaneously. When an observer comes and actually measures the position of the particle, something called the wavefunction collapse occurs. So when someone observes the particle, the following happens:
formula_13→formula_14
In simple terms: when there is no observation or observer, then a particle occupies many positions simultaneously; when an observation takes place, the wavefunction collapses and the particle exists only in one position.
The many-worlds interpretation is by far the most fantastic interpretation of quantum mechanics. This interpretation says that rather than the wavefunction collapsing, each possibility actually occurs, but in separate universes. This means that the universes branch off for each possibility.
The interpretation presented by Albert Einstein himself, states that the outcome of some random event is predetermined. So, rather than a particle existing as a probability wave, this interpretation says that the particle exists only in one position, but we just perceive it to be a probability. This idea is much less popular, but nonetheless mentionable.
So, of the three main interpretations of quantum mechanics, which one is correct? Physicists seem to think that the Copenhagen interpretation is the most likely, but no one is for sure.
Planck's law
Planck's law describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature "T". The law is named after Max Planck, who proposed it in 1900. It is a pioneering result of modern physics and quantum theory.
Kure, Hiroshima
In 1894, Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi transfered the Imperial Headquarters ("Daihon'ei") to Kure.
The modern city of Kure was founded in 1902.
The natural harbor was a naval base until the end of the Second World War. The Japanese battleship Yamato was built at Kure.
Etajima, Hiroshima
Etajima was the site of the from 1888 to 1945.
The present city was created in 2004. It was created by uniting 4 towns: Etajima, Nōmi, Ōgaki, and Okimi.
Hioki, Kagoshima
The city was created in 2005 from the merger of the towns of Fukiage, Higashiichiki, Hiyoshi and Ijūin.
Bagh
Bagh () is a sub-district of Bagh District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Jason Spezza
Jason Anthony Rocco Spezza (born June 13, 1983 in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Ottawa Senators and Dallas Stars.
He began his hockey career with the Brampton Battalion of the OHL. He also played for the Mississauga Ice Dogs for 2 seasons, the Windsor Spitfires for 2 seasons and the Belleville Bulls for 1 season. He entered the draft in 2001 and he was drafted with the 2nd overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.
He was assigned to the Grand Rapids Griffins, the farm team of the Senators. He was called up to the Senators and made his NHL debut in the 2002-03 NHL season. He played 33 games with the Senators and played most of the season with Ottawa's new affiliate, Binghamton Senators. He was called up and played two seasons with the Senators and was sent down to the Binghamton Senators to play a season. After that he joined the Ottawa's main roster full-time.
Spezza was on the cover of 2007 video game, NHL 2K8. He married his girlfriend Jennifer on July 25, 2009. They have two daughters Sophia Donna Spezza (born June 8, 2010) and Nicola Patricia Spezza (born April 1, 2012).