Though she did not fight in any large battles, her story inspired many works of art and literature. She is a national heroine in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus, all formerly parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Affinity
In law, affinity is the kinship relationship that exists between two or more people as a result of somebody's marriage. It is different from consanguinity (blood relationship). Affinity is the relationship which each party to a marriage has to the relatives of the other partner to the marriage. But affinity does not cover the marital relationship of the parties to the marriage themselves.
Under the law, such relatives by marriage are known as affines. More commonly, they are known as , as affinity is usually signified by adding to a degree of kinship.
In law, affinity may be used to prohibit incestuous sexual relations. It may also be relevant in preventing some couples from marrying. Which relationships are prohibited varys from country to country, and from time to time. In some countries, especially in the past, the prohibited relationships were based on religious laws. In earlier laws, affinity was used in the same degrees as consanguinity in prohibiting marriages.
Though laws vary considerably, affinity does not always cease with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced. It does not always end with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by adoption and step relationship.
Consanguinity
Consanguinity ("blood relation", from the Latin "") means being of the same kinship as another person. Consanguinity also means being descended from the same ancestor as another person. The laws of many jurisdictions set up degrees of consanguinity when prohibiting sexual relations and marriage. Rules of Consanguinity are also used to determine heirs of an estate. These are according to laws that govern intestate succession. These vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Most cultures have prohibited marriages between individuals who are closely related by blood (consanguinity). There were some exceptions. Brothers and sisters, as well as fathers and daughters, often married in ancient Egypt. These were primarily limited to the royal family from the earliest times. Some theories hold that it strengthened a King's claim to the throne. In biblical history, Abraham married his (half-)sister Sarah.
Most early societies had rules or laws that limited consanguineous marriages. So the dangers of inbreeding must have been known to them.
In ancient Rome, marriage was governed by civil laws. Under Roman civil law couples were forbidden to marry if they were within four degrees of consanguinity. The Germanic peoples also had rules against such marriages but were not as strict.
In the 5th century, after the Roman empire collapsed, the church took over regulating marriage. At first they did not have a great deal of influence. The Church's power over marriage grew gradually. At first the Church followed Roman civil law. In the ninth century the church raised the number of prohibited degrees to seven. They also changed the method by which they were calculated. The nobility of Europe usually married from within their own social class. Eventually they became too interrelated to marry by the Church's rules. Many found it necessary to defy the Church. In 1215 the Fourth Lateran Council reduced the number of prohibited degrees of consanguinity from seven back to four. The pope had the power to waive the rules for particular couples. Frequently, papal dispensations were given allowing closely related couples to marry. These were almost always reserved for the royalty and nobility. Sometimes the Church used consanguinity to block marriage as in the case of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. In 1049 Pope Leo IX refused to allow the marriage. He did not give a reason but the two were cousins. They married anyway. Ten years later, in 1059, Pope, Nicholas II finally granted a dispensation for their marriage. Despite restrictions and laws, up to the 20th century consanguineous marriages were not uncommon in Europe.
The degree of consanguinity can be illustrated with a consanguinity table. Each level of lineal consanguinity ("i.e.", generation or meiosis) appears as a row. Individuals with a collaterally consanguineous relationship share the same row. Consanguinity (blood relationship) is different from Affinity (relationship through marriage) but have been prohibited in the same degrees in the past.
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OFK Bačka
F.K. Bačka is a football club which plays in Bačka Palanka, Serbia.
The club was founded in 1945. Its stadium, Vava Slavko Maletin, can hold 5,500 people. It opened on 7 July 1951. The first time Bačka was ranked in the Second Federal League was in the 1959/1960 season, and again in 1988/1989. One of their best seasons was when they were in the Yugoslav Cup quarterfinal in 1969, losing to Hadjuk Split 2:1. The club has also taken part in the national finals, the most recent time being in 1993/1994 when they lost to Nis Workers.
Hurricane Emily (1993)
Hurricane Emily was a category 5 hurricane. It spread from Africa to Puerto Rico and the Outer Banks and lasted from August 22, 1993 to September 6, 1993. It caused flooding, wind, and a lot of rain. Hurricane Emily broke two records.
LSD: Dream Emulator
LSD: Dream Emulator is a video game made for the first PlayStation. The video game was released in Japan during the year 1998 and it is a hard to get this video game with a small number of copies made. The game was made by Osamu Sato in the year 1998. He also made other video games, but they are also hard to get. The game was inspired by a dream diary that was written by a woman called Hiroko Nishikawa, she worked in a company called Asmik Ace Entertainment. This game can only be played by one person.
Socialist Party of America
The Socialist Party of America was a socialist political party in the United States from 1901 to 1972. In early 1919, it had 100,000 members. In the 1920s they temporarily stopped running their own candidates.
They opposed the New Deal by Roosevelt. They held a pacifist position on World War II. In the 1960s, they permanently stopped running their own candidates. Key figures included Eugene V. Debs, Norman Thomas and Max Shactmann.
Socialist Party of Great Britain
The Socialist Party of Great Britain is a British socialist political party started in 1904. It opposed World War I and World War II and all subsequent wars. It opposed the Soviet Union.
World Socialist Party of the United States
The World Socialist Party of the United States (WSPUS) is a socialist political party founded in 1916 in the United States. It split from the Socialist Party of America. It opposes all war and opposed the Soviet Union.
University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo
The is a university for women in Tokyo. It is a Catholic university. Empress Michiko is a former student.
Darren Pang
Darren Robert "Panger" Pang (born February 17, 1964) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender and hockey media personality.
Before playing in the NHL, Pang played for the Belleville Bulls and Ottawa 67's of the OHL. He played 1 game with the Chicago Blackhawks and then played 3 seasons in the IHL for the Milwaukee Admirals and Saginaw Generals. He also played 7 games with the Nova Scotia Oilers of the AHL. Standing at 5'5", Pang was the 2nd shortest goalie behind only Roy "Shrimp" Worters to play in the NHL.
He returned to the Blackhawks during the 1987-88 NHL season and played with them for 2 seasons before ending his playing career in the IHL after playing 2 seasons with the Saginaw Hawks and 7 games with the Indianapolis Ice.
After retiring he became the assistant coach for the University of Notre Dame for 3 years and was the goalie coach for the Indianapolis Ice for 2 years.