In philosophy of science, a paradigm is a way of thinking about a problem. The word comes from Greek παράδειγμα ("paradeigma"), "pattern, example, sample" from the verb παραδείκνυμι ("paradeiknumi"), "exhibit, represent, expose" and that from παρά ("para"), "beside, beyond" and δείκνυμι ("deiknumi"), "to show, to point out". Paradigm can also be used to refer to a set of ideas about a given subject. The idea that the Earth is the center of the universe, or that the Earth and other planets move around the sun are examples of paradigms. One of the first modern people to use the word was Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799), an 18th century mathematician and scientist.
In rhetoric, paradeigma is known as a type of proof. The purpose of paradeigma is to provide an audience with an illustration of similar occurrences. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a conclusion, however it is used to help guide them there. A personal accountant is a good comparison of paradeigma to explain how it is meant to guide the audience. It is not the job of a personal accountant to tell their client exactly what (and what not) to spend their money on, but to aid in guiding their client as to how money should be spent based on their financial goals. Anaximenes defined paradeigma as, "actions that have occurred previously and are similar to, or the opposite of, those which we are now discussing." Aristotle uses the word in a similar way, in inductive logic. usually, induction is used to get from a number of special cases to a general one. Aristotle uses the word to get from one special case to another.
The original Greek term "παράδειγμα" (paradeigma) was used in Greek texts such as Plato's Timaeus (28A) as the model or the pattern that the Demiurge (god) used to create the cosmos. The term had a technical meaning in the field of grammar: the 1900 "Merriam-Webster" dictionary defines its technical use only in the context of grammar or, in rhetoric, as a term for an illustrative parable or fable. In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure used "paradigm" to refer to a class of elements with similarities.
Parker Lee McDonald
Parker Lee McDonald (May 23, 1924 – June 24, 2017) was an American jurist. He served as Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court. He was born in Sebring, Florida. He was a judge from the U.S. state of Florida. McDonald served as a Florida Supreme Court justice from 1979 to 1994, and was chief justice from 1986 to 1988.
McDonald died in Tallahassee, Florida on June 24, 2017, aged 93.
Bruxism
Bruxism is the problem of too much tooth grinding or jaw clenching. It is not a normal use for teeth like eating or talking. Bruxism is a common problem that affects 8–31% of people. Bruxism can wear down teeth, make them too sensitive, and cause headaches and jaw pain. It can also harm dental work like crowns and fillings. Sometimes these problems are not noticed, so not everyone with bruxism knows they have it.
There are two main kinds of bruxism: sleep bruxism and awake bruxism. Sleep bruxism happens when the person sleeps, and awake bruxism happens when the person is awake. Symptoms of sleep bruxism are often worse when waking up. Awake bruxism can feel fine when waking up, then get worse as the day goes on. There may be many reasons why people grind their teeth and clench their jaws. Awake bruxism may have different causes from sleep bruxism. Females are more likely to have awake bruxism. Sleep bruxism affects males as often as females. Several treatments are used, but none are proved to be very effective.
Ada
Ada may refer to:
Saetgang Station
Saetgang Station is a train station of Seoul Subway Line 9, located in Yeouido, Seoul, South Korea.
Station has 2 side platforms, 4 tracks; two tracks are for passing express train. As local(All stop) train stops at platform, express train passes by using the passing track.
Data of 2009 is calculated from July 24 (First Opened) ~ December 31.
Southaven, Mississippi
Southaven is a city in northwestern Mississippi. It is a suburb of Memphis, Tennessee. It is in DeSoto County. The city is near the Arkansas and Tennessee state borders. There were around 53,216 people living in Southaven, according to 2016 reports.
The city was incorporated on April 15, 1980.
Gordon Wilson (Scottish politician)
Robert Gordon Wilson (16 April 1938 – 25 June 2017) was a Scottish politician and solicitor. He was the leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1979 to 1990, and was SNP Member of Parliament for Dundee East from 1974 to 1987. He was Rector of the University of Dundee from 1983 to 1986.
Wilson died in Edinburgh on 25 June 2017 at the age of 79 from a short illness.
Maria Mutagamba
Maria Emily Lubega Mutagamba (5 September 1952 – 24 June 2017), was a Ugandan economist and politician. She was the minister of tourism, wildlife and antiquities in the Ugandan Cabinet from 15 August 2012 until 6 June 2016.
From 2011 to 2012, she was the minister of water and environment. She also served as the elected member of Parliament for Rakai District Women's Representative from 2001 until 2016.
Mutagamba died on 24 June 2017 at Case Medical Centre in Kampala from complications of liver cancer, aged 64.
Mats Johansson
Mats Erik Johansson (26 December 1951 – 24 June 2017) was a Swedish journalist and politician. He was a member of the Moderate Party and served as a member of the Riksdag from 2006 to 2014. He was also a delegate in the Foreign Affairs Committee, The War Delegation.
Johansson was a Delegate to The Parliamentary Assembly of The Council of Europe (PACE), Standing Rapporteur on Media Freedom, PACE, Member of the Board of The Public Service Companies Owner Foundation, and Chairman and founder of Stockholm Free World Forum, a foreign policy think-tank. Johansson was an editor for "Svenska Dagbladet" and "Svensk Tidskrift".
Johansson died on 24 June 2017 in Stockholm at the age of 65.
Mike Gartner
Michael Alfred Gartner (born October 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League. In 2017 Gartner was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.
Excellency
Excellency is a honorific style that is given to members of a certain organization or state, usually a president or governor. Once a person gets the title of "Excellency" it is usually held by that person for the rest of their life though this is not always the case. For example some countries presidents get the title of "Excellency" but only hold it for their time in that office.
Doubs (river)
The Doubs is a river in eastern France and western Switzerland. It is a left tributary of the Saône river that flows through the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region and the French-speaking Switzerland.
The Doubs department is named after this river.
The Doubs river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of .
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Neublans-Abergement, a "commune" in the Jura department near the confluence of the Doubs and the Saône.
Average monthly discharge (m/s) at Neublans-Abergement (52 years)
The Doubs river starts in the "commune" of Mouthel in the Doubs department, at an altitude of about in the Jura Mountains near the French-Swiss border. Then it flows to the northeast and pass through the "Lac de Saint-Point" lake and forms the border between France and Switzerland for several kilometres before going into Switzerland, into the canton of Jura, in the region known as "Clos du Doubs". The waterfall named as "Saut du Doubs" on the French-Swiss border. Then the river turns to the west and gets back into France. Finally, the river flows to southwest to join the Saône river.
The Doubs river flows through one region and three departments in France, and two cantons (Neuchâtel and Jura) in Switzerland. It flows through the following "communes", among others:
The river forms several lakes: