He was the first to see capillaries in animals, and he discovered the link between arteries and veins. He may have been the first person to see this under a microscope. The microscope let Malpighi discover that the silk worm does not use lungs to breathe, but small holes in their skin called spiracles. This turned out to be true of all insects.
Because Malpighi had a wide knowledge of both plants and animals, and he made contributions to the study of both. The Royal Society in London published two volumes of his botanical and zoological works in 1675 and 1679. Another edition followed in 1687, and a supplementary volume in 1697. In his autobiography, Malpighi speaks of his "Anatome Plantarum", decorated with the engravings of Robert White (1645–1703) as "the most elegant format in the whole literate world".
M83
M83 is a French electronic music band. They formed in 2001. The band is named after a spiral galaxy. They have released eight albums. Their seventh album is the soundtrack to the science fiction movie "Oblivion".
Artisan
An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things with his or her hands. The things artisans make can be either for use or for decoration. Some of the things they make are furniture, sculpture, clothing, jewellery, household items, and tools.
Sometimes artisans make things by hand that are usually made by machine today. The hand-made items can be called "artisanal". Some of those items are food products, including bread, beverages or cheese.
Ragnar Frisch
Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch (3 March 1895 – 31 January 1973) was an Norwegian economist. He won the first Nobel Prize in Economics with Jan Tinbergen in 1969.
Frisch was born on 3 March 1895 in Christiania, Norway. He studied at the University of Oslo.
He was also the co-winner with Jan Tinbergen of the first Nobel Prize in Economics in 1969 for his works with econometrics.
He is known for having founded the discipline of econometrics, and in 1933 to have created the widely used term pair macroeconomics/microeconomics.
Frisch was married to Marie Smedal from 1920 until her death in 1952. Then he was remarried to Astrid Johannessen from 1953 until his death in 1973. Frisch had one daughter with Smedal.
Frisch died on 31 January 1973 in Oslo, Norway from a stroke, aged 77.
Jan Tinbergen
Jan Tinbergen (April 12, 1903 – June 9, 1994) was a Dutch economist. He won the first Nobel Prize in Economics with Ragnar Frisch.
Tinbergen was born on April 12, 1903 at The Hague. He studied at Leiden University.
He was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Economics in 1969. He shared the award with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and Security.
Tinbergen’s econometric picture lead to a debate between other several known economists such as J.M. Keynes, Ragnar Frisch and Milton Friedman. The debate is sometimes called the Tinbergen debate.
Tinbergen was never married. He also had no children. He died on June 9, 1994 at The Hague from natural causes, aged 91. Niko Tinbergen is his brother.
Richard Stone
Sir John Richard Nicholas Stone (30 August 1913 – 6 December 1991) was a British economist. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1984.
Stone was born on 30 August 1913 in London, England. He studied at the Cambridge University.
In 1984, Stone received the Nobel Prize in Economics. He won the Nobel Prize for developing an accounting model that could be used to track economic activities on a national and, later, an international scale.
He is sometimes known as the 'father of national income accounting', and is the author of studies of consumer demand statistics and demand modeling, economic growth, and input-output.
Stone was married to Winifred Mary Jenkins from 1936 until they divorced in 1940. Then he was married to Feodora Leontinoff from 1941 until her death in 1956. Then he was married to Giovanna Croft-Murray Saffi from 1960 until his death in 1991. Stone had one daughter, Caroline Stone.
Stone died on 6 December 1991 in Cambridge, England from pneumonia, aged 78.
Harry Markowitz
Harry Max Markowitz (born August 24, 1927) is an American economist of Jewish descent. He received the 1989 John von Neumann Theory Prize and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Economics.
Markowitz was born on August 24, 1927 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Chicago.
Markowitz is a professor of finance at the Rady School of Management at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He is best known for his pioneering work in Modern Portfolio Theory, studying the effects of asset risk, return, correlation and diversification on probable investment portfolio returns.
Markowitz won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1990.
Markowitz now lives in Chicago, Illinois as a retired professor.
Birinus
Birinus ( 650), also St. Birinus was a missionary to Wessex and the first Bishop of Dorchester. His is celebrated on December 3rd.
Birinus may have been a Lombard by birth. He was sent by Pope Honorius I to help convert pagans in Anglo-Saxon England. The pope first sent him to Genoa. There
Archbishop Asterius of Milan consecrated Birinus as a bishop. Birinus arrived in southern Britain . He had planned to go to the midlands of England to preach there. But when he found the Gewisse in Wessex were completely pagan, he decided to stay with them. He began to convert the Gewisse (West Saxons) to Christianity. In 635 King Cynegils of Wessex was baptized by Birinus and King Oswald of Northumbria agreed to be his Godfather. This may have been a condition of the marriage between Oswald and Cynegils's daughter, Cyneburh. He gave Bishop Birinus the city of Dorchester and several churches so he could convert the pagans in Wessex.
In Birinus founded a church at Winchester which later became Winchester Cathedral. Birinus died in 650. He was buried at Dorchester.
After 660 there were no more West Saxon Bishops at Dorchester. Along with part of Berkshire it was taken over by Mercia. The new see for Wessex was now at Winchester. Some time around 690–700 Bishop Hedda of Winchester had the relics (bones) of St. Birinus moved from Dorchester to Winchester. Up to this time Bishop Birinus had been considered a minor saint. In 1223 monks of Dorchester abbey located the tomb of a former Bishop. The body was dressed in the garments and tunic of a bishop so they believed it was St. Birinus. At the time of the discovery miracles were claimed. One claim was that a dumb child could suddenly speak English and French. The monks sent their findings to Rome. The pope wrote to Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury asking him to manage the translation. But a problem caused the ceremony to be delayed. Archbishop Langton discovered the body had already been moved to Winchester . Both Dorchester and Winchester claimed to have the relics of Bishop Birinus. For that reason two feast days were observed for him, December 3rd and 4th. The Catholic Church recognizes December 3rd. A shrine was created for him in the 14th century. It was later destroyed, but it has been rebuilt since.
Mechi Zone
Mechi (), is one of the fourteen zones of Nepal and one of the four zones of Eastern Development Region. It is the easternmost zone of Nepal, with its headquarters at Ilam.
The Mechi Zone has Sikkim and West Bengal (India) to the east, Bihar (India) to the south, the Koshi Zone to the west and the Tibet Autonomous Region (People's Republic of China) to the north.
It is the smallest zone of the Eastern Development Region with an area of and a population of only 1,422,182 people living there; Its population density is 173.5 persons/km.
The most important river in the Mechi Zone is the Mechi, tributary of the Mahananda River. Another river is the Tamar River.