Today, there are several arXiv-like websites in other areas.
Madonna of Avenue A
Madonna of Avenue A is a 1929 American drama movie directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Dolores Costello, Grant Withers, Douglas Gerrard, Louise Dresser, Otto Hoffman, Lee Moran. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and is a lost movie.
The Last Bohemian (1912 movie)
The Last Bohemian () is a 1912 Hungarian romantic drama movie directed by first time director Michael Curtiz and starring Antal Nyáray, Elemér Thury, Zoltán Sipos, Ilonka Bedõ, Frigyes Hervay.
Missing and murdered Indigenous women
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) and Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) is a big problem in the United States and Canada. In both countries, Indigenous women and girls are more likely to go missing or be murdered than non-Indigenous women and girls.
The problem of MMIW reflects the intersectionality of racism and sexism Indigenous women in the US and Canada face. It also shows how the governments are not doing enough to help women.
Before colonialism, Indigenous cultures in North America treated women with respect because they were seen as givers of life. The women folk helped make important decisions in their communities.
European colonists in Canada and the US did not treat Indigenous women right. They called them names like "squaw" and thought they were immoral. European men used them for sex. Sometimes they killed the women folk. Back then, people could get away with treating Indigenous women badly because very few people at the time cared about Indigenous women like they cared about white women. To this very day, people in both countries have negative ideas about Indigenous women. Because they have those ideas, they do not treat them right.
Native Americans and Aboriginal Canadians had their cultures taken away from them. They were forced to adopt the white man's ways. The men folk learned from the white men on how to disrespect women. Also, a lot of the Indigenous people were forced to go to schools where they were treated badly. A lot of men vented out their feelings by hurting the women folk.
Indigenous communities tend to be the poorest in the US and Canada. Because of this, a lot of Indigenous women go into sex trafficking in order to make money. This allows them to be hurt by their pimps, customers, and the police. Also, few people will speak up on their behalf because there is a stigma around working in the sex industry.
Indigenous women make up 4% of the female population in Canada. Yet they represented 16% of all female homicide victims between 1980 and 2012.
The RCMP does not release data on the ethnicity of the perpetrators.
Highway 16 is in British Columbia. There is a part of Highway 16 between Prince George and Prince Rupert that is 700km long. It is known for being a place where a lot of Indigenous women have gone missing or have been found dead. A lot of people think there is a serial killer/s on the highway targeting young women.
Hitchhiking is a popular practice in this part of Canada because most people cannot afford cars and there is no good public transportation system. This puts a lot of women in danger because they might meet a driver who will do bad things to them.
In the United States, 1 in 3 Native women is assaulted during her lifetime. 67% of these assaults are done by non-Natives. Tribes have difficulty prosecuting non-Natives who hurt Natives on tribal land because their land is considered federal land. Because of this, there is a lot of confusion as whether the federal government, the state government, or the tribes should press criminal charges against non-Native perpetrators.
There have been many protests to ask for more investigations into why there are so many missing and murdered Indigenous women. People are also doing things to help find missing women because they do not believe the government will help them.
Every Valentine's Day, a march is held in Downtown Eastside, Vancouver, which is an area with a lot of missing and murdered Indigenous women. The first march was in 1991 and was held to honor a murdered Coast Salish woman.
In 2014, Tina Fontaine was found dead in the Red River in Manitoba. Since then, people have searched the rivers and ponds of Winnipeg to find bodies. Hiding bodies in water is popular with perpetrators because evidence is washed off.
A lot of art has been made to honor missing and murdered Indigenous women.
The REDress Project is an art project that is made up of red dresses. Each dress represents a missing or murdered Indigenous woman. These dresses are displayed for people to see.
International Go Federation
The International Go Federation (IGF) is an international non-profit organization that connects Go federations around the world. They strive to promote fair play among all players.
IGF aims to promote Go all over the world. They do so by the following actions:
IGF is formed by national members and continental members (such as the European Go Federation in Europe).
Squaw
Squaw is a word that refers to an Indigenous woman in the United States or Canada.
Many Native Americans say this a bad word because people have used it in racist and woman-hating ways. According to the editor of the "Navajo Times" Tom Aviso, "squaw" is the worst word used on Native American women.
The word "squaw" comes from the Algonquian languages, where it means "woman." In the Massachusset language, the word is "squàw." In Cree, it is "iskwew."
Some people say that the word "squaw" comes from a Mohawk word that means vagina. However, many linguists, for example Ives Goddard of the Smithsonian, thinks this is not so and "squaw" came from the regular Massachusetts word "squa," for "woman."
Squaw is considered an offensive word because many non-Natives have used it to disrespect Native American and Aboriginal Canadian women.
Some people in Indigenous communities think "squaw" is offensive. According to members of the Nooksack Tribal Council, Native Americans in general see "squaw" as an insulting word. Other Native Americans think the word should be "reclaimed", meaning made a normal word again.
The root of "squaw" is in some compound words in Algonquin languages that are spoken today: "nidobaskwa" means "female friend," "manigebeskwa" means "woman of the woods," and "Squaw Sachem" means "female chief."
European colonizers used the word to talk about Indigenous women.
When white colonists moved west, they used words like "squaw" even when they were talking about women whose tribes spoke languages different from Algonquian. It became a generic word.
European men in the US and Canada were not respectful of Indigenous women. They used them for sex. When they called the women "squaw," they used it in a way that showed that they saw those women as sex objects and not human beings. Over time, the word "squaw" came to mean a woman who was dirty, sexually abused, violent, fit only for mindless work or some group of these.
According to scholars, for example D. Francis and D. Merskin, the squaw is the second most common stereotype of Native American women. The most common is the Indian princess. The two stereotypes work as a pair. The princess was imagined as beautiful and sexually well-behaved. The squaw was imagined as ugly, dirty and sexually available.
Scholars say white people stuck to the idea of the squaw so they could say American Indian culture was bad. They pretended the cultures were full of lazy men who forced women to do all the real work. That way, they could make it sound like wiping out the culture of Native Americans was a good thing.
People in the US and Canada are trying to change place names with the word "squaw" in it because they feel it is not respectful to Indigenous women. However, there are still many places where the word is in the name.
Jean Castex
Jean Castex (; born 25 June 1965) is a French politician. He became the Prime Minister of France on 3 July 2020.