Tino rangatiratanga is a Māori language term that means "absolute sovereignty." Sovereignty means absolute power to rule something without someone else interfering. In this case, it refers to the ability of the Māori people (the indigenous people of New Zealand) to rule themselves and be recognized as the owners of the land. ""Tino rangatiratanga"" shows up in the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi, which they signed with the British in 1840. They were promised that they would have "tino rangatiratanga" forever in the treaty. However, this concept was not respected since the British colonizers took a lot of things from the Māori people. To this day, people in New Zealand do not agree on what ""tino rangatiratanga"" means or what kind of things it is supposed to cover.
A "rangatira" is a chief in the Māori culture. The suffix -tanga is added so "rangatiratanga" refers to the qualities of being a chief. ""Tino"" is a Māori word that means "most" or "absolute." So by using this term, the British were allowing Maori chiefs to have complete control and allow them to use their powers as chiefs.
Some people think that the term can be used to describe self-determination, autonomy, or Māori independence.
Here are the meaning of the terms from an online Māori dictionary:
There is a lot of confusion about the Treaty of Waitangi because Articles 1 and 2 in the treaty say different things.
According to the Māori version of the treaty, Article 1 is talking about "kawanatanga" (governorship) while Article 2 is talking about "tino rangatiratanga" (absolute chieftainship). To them, these are two totally different concepts. Therefore, they believe that they never gave away their land rights and ability to rule themselves. In fact, a tribunal that was created to focus on the Treaty of Waitangi said that the Māori can never give up those rights and never did.
There is a Tino rangatiratanga flag that is used to represent the Māori people. It is red, white, and black. It was designed by Māori artists Hiraina Marsden, Jan Smith and Linda Munn in 1990 as part of a contest.
A woman named Poua Erstich came up with the meaning for the flag. The red represents the sky, the black is earth, and the white is light separating the sky and earth. The flag is supposed to show the Māori story of how the world was created.
This flag is flown next to the flag of New Zealand to show people that the land still belongs to the Māori. Sometimes, this flag is used in protests to show how certain issues are affecting Māori.
Vena cava
The superior vena cava is the large vein which returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and both upper limbs. The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the lower part of the body.
The return of blood via the vena cava can be compromised and cause disease. For example, in the superior vena cava syndrome, the symptoms that result from compression of the large vein that carries blood down to the heart.
Brick red
Brick Red is a Maroon-like color. Similar to the color of a brick
The name comes from its similarity to the color of a brick.
Saori Minami
Saori Minami (born Akemi Shinoyama, 篠山 明美) is a retired Japanese female popular singer. She was also called "Cynthia" as a nickname.
Minami was born on July 2, 1954 in Okinawa, Japan. She is bilingual in English and Japanese as her father-in-law was of the Philippine origin. In 1971, at age 17, her talent in music was discovered by a manager who worked for music company. She was recommended by him as a singer.
Soon after that, she recorded a song "17才"(Seventeen years old), written by a songwriter Kyohei Tsutsumi. She then became popular all over Japan. She had been continuing to make hit songs in 1970s. She retired from a singer in 1978 and got married to a famous cameraman in 1979.
Her major hit songs were as follows.
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Executive order
An executive order or executive decree is a rule or order, or a law made by a head of state (president or monarch) who has this power given to him by the constitution of the country. The order tells ministries, agencies, the civil service and the military of a state the things that they must do.
Executive orders can be stopped by the courts in a process called judicial review. They may be stopped by the courts or the legislature if they are against laws or against the constitution.
However, in countries where there is no real separation of powers and the head of state is actually a dictator, the executive order cannot be stopped by the courts or the legislature, which as a result have no powers and are controlled by him. In many cases, the head of state with dictatorial powers often rules the country by making executive orders rather than making laws in the legislature which he also controls.
Executive orders have a big effect on the internal affairs of the government and on the citizens. They decide how and to what degree legislation will be enforced. They also deal with emergencies and wars.
Naft Masjed Soleyman F.C.
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Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Finistère
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Millerton, Oklahoma
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Two Guys from Milwaukee
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Kunigami language
The Kunigami language (Kunigami: 山原言葉, "Yanbaru kutūba") is an endangered Ryukyuan language spoken in the Kunigami area of Okinawa, Japan.
Japan calls it a dialect while most linguists put Kunigami as its own language within the Ryukyuan languages group.
Kunigami is somewhat understandable to people who speak the Okinawan language. However, Japanese speakers wouldn’t be able to understand Kunigami. There are also different dialects of Kunigami, such as the one on Okinoerabu.
Thank you. = みへでぃろ。(Mihediro).
Welcome. = うがみやぶら。/ めんしょーり。(Ugamiyabura. / Menshoori.)
A famous sanshin song known as “Aha Bushi” is sung in Kunigami.
Qui transtulit sustinet
Qui transtulit sustinet is the state motto of Connecticut. It means "He who transplanted sustains" in Latin.
Rumex spinosus
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Dirigo
In Latin, Dirigo means "I direct". This phrase is the state motto of Maine, by analogy of it appearing on the state's seal.
United we stand, divided we fall
United we stand, divided we fall is a phrase that is used in many mottos and phrases, often used to inspire unity. It is also used in its short form "United we stand". Aesop made up the phrase (and possibly invented it) in his stories The Four Oxen and the Lion directly and in ":The Bundle of Sticks" indirectly. It is the state motto of Kentucky, adopted on December 30, 1792.
Gwichʼin language
The Gwichʼin langauge ("Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu" in Gwichʼin) is a language spoken by the Gwichʼin people in Canada and Alaska.
Gwichʼin is now an endangered language because most Gwichʼin now speak English.
Gwichʼin has a lot of sounds that are not found in English.
Consonants
Nyctimystes myolae