These infections are also dangerous because a fetus does not have an immune system of its own. It depends on its mother's immune system. If the mother has an infection that has not been treated, and her immune system cannot fight off the infection, the fetus will not be able to fight off the infection either.
During pregnancy, the placenta protects the fetus from its mother's blood. However, during childbirth, the placenta stays in the womb while the baby travels through the birth canal. While it is being born, the mother's blood and other body fluids get on the baby, and the baby also touches its mother's genitals. Because of this, infections that are carried in the blood, in body fluids, or in sores on the mother's genitals can infect the baby.
Infections are usually more dangerous for newborns and infants than for adults. This is because it takes about six months for an infant's immune system to develop completely. Until the infant's immune system is fully grown, it will not be able to fight off infections as well as an adult could.
Sometimes, medical treatment, like antibiotics, can prevent a baby from getting infections that spread during childbirth.
Some vertically transmitted infections can be prevented if the mother gets vaccines before getting pregnant. These infections include HPV, chickenpox, measles, and rubella. However, while these vaccines are common in developed countries, many people in developing countries do not have good medical care and cannot get vaccines.
Other vertically transmitted infections, like syphilis, can be cured with antibiotics before the mother gets pregnant.
Sexually transmitted infections can often be prevented by having safer sex.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests these ways of preventing vertically transmitted infections:
The World Health Organization says that mothers with HIV can lower their baby's risk of getting vertically transmitted HIV to 2% if:
List of earthquakes in Azerbaijan
This list of earthquakes in Azerbaijan, is a list of notable earthquakes that have affected areas within the current boundaries of Azerbaijan.
VX
VX is a type of chemical weapon called a nerve agent. It is a very toxic chemical. Because it is so toxic, it cannot be used as anything other than a chemical weapon. The United Nations classifies VX as a weapon of mass destruction.
VX is the most toxic nerve agent ever created. The Council on Foreign Relations says: "A fraction of a drop of VX, absorbed through the skin, can fatally disrupt the nervous system."
The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993, an international law, made it illegal for countries to use chemical weapons like VX. It also made it illegal to make or keep more than 100 grams of VX. It allows some scientists to make and use amounts under 100 grams only if they are trying to create an antidote, or doing medical research.
VX is one of the "V-series nerve agents" which were made in the 1950s by the United Kingdom's military researchers. Nobody agrees on why these nerve agents are called "V-series." Different people say the "V" stands for "Victory" or "Venomous" (poisonous), or "Viscous" (thick liquid).
VX is a liquid that cannot be smelled or tasted. It is a thick liquid with the texture of motor oil. As a weapon, it can be used as a liquid or an aerosol. It could be spread by air, through water, or through food.
Making VX is difficult and very dangerous. Many toxic and dangerous chemicals are used in the process.
VX works the same way other nerve agents do. It blocks nerve signals from getting from the brain to the body. Normally, a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) called acetylcholine tells the body's muscles to tighten up when they need to. When it is time for the muscles to relax, an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase destroys acetylcholine, so the muscles stop getting the signal to relax.
VX blocks acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholine builds up, because it is not getting destroyed by acetylcholinesterase. The muscles get tighter and tighter, because the extra acetylcholine keeps telling them to. The extra acetylcholine also signals the parasympathetic nervous system to work extra hard. These changes in the body cause the signs and symptoms of VX poisoning.
The earliest symptoms of VX poisoning depend on how a person was exposed to VX. If VX got on a person's skin, their first symptoms might be sweating or twitching muscles near where the VX was. If the person breathed in VX, their first symptoms might be a runny nose and trouble breathing, caused by the bronchi (the tubes that bring air to the lungs) getting narrower.
All nerve agents have the same symptoms, because they work the same way. They make the parasympathetic nervous system work too hard. They also keep signals from the brain from getting through to the body, so the brain cannot tell the muscles to relax. This causes a group of unique symptoms:
People with VX poisoning can have seizures and go into status epilepticus. They can die because their breathing muscles get so tight that they do not work.
If a person got VX on their skin, the first step is to wash away the VX with bleach and water. This is called "decontamination." Removing clothing that the VX touched is also part of decontamination.
There are antidotes for nerve agent poisoning. They have to be given together.
However, nerve agents like VX work very quickly. Antidotes usually have to be given within a few minutes after a person was exposed to VX. If pralidoxime is not given soon enough, it cannot reverse VX's effects.
Usually, a sedative like diazepam (Valium) is also given. This will help the body's muscles relax, and can prevent seizures.
Central Zazaki
Central Zazaki (in Zaza language: "Zazakiyê Merkezi" or "Zazakiyê Miyani"; means Middle Zazaki) is one of three main dialects of the Zazaki language. This is spoken by the Zaza people in central parts of Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Central Zazaki is spoken by over 1 million people in the eastern cities of Turkey, such as Elazığ, north of Diyarbakır, west of Bingöl and east of Malatya.
Mawlid of the Nebi
Mawlif of the Nebi (in Zazaki language: "Mewlıdê Nebi", or in modern Zazaki, "Biyayışê Peyğamberi") is the first book written in the Zazaki language. It was written by Ahmed el-Hasi in Diyarbakır in 1899 and was published on March 25, 1899. The book is a religious book and includes stories about the birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The title of the book means "Birth of the Prophet".
It was originally written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, which uses the Arabic script. Zazaki turned to using the Latin script in 1928 and the Mawlid was rewritten in this writing system, using the Zazaki alphabet.
Me and My Gang
Me and My Gang is the fourth studio album by American country music duo Rascal Flatts. The album was released on April 4, 2006, through Lyric Street Records. It debuted as No. 1 on Billboard 200. It held that position for three weeks. "Me and My Gang" had the highest sales of any album in 2006. RIAA certified it as five times platinum.
On April 25, 2007, Rascal Flatts performed "My Wish" on "American Idol" as part of fundraising for charities. The campaign was named "Idol Gives Back".
Yucatan, Missouri
Yucatan is an unincorporated community in Callaway County, Missouri, United States.
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Portland, Missouri
Portland is an unincorporated community in Callaway County, Missouri, United States. It is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri . It is located at (38.710161,-91.717166) on Route 94 about twenty miles northeast of Jefferson City.
The village was laid out in 1831. Its location on the Missouri River made it a popular shipping point for the farms and plantations of Callaway County. The name Portland stems from that activity.
Toledo, Callaway County, Missouri
Toledo is an unincorporated community in Callaway County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
A post office called Toledo was established in 1887. It operated until 1905.
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