Spin welding (also called "thermal welding") is a technique used to model thermoplastic materials. The material is remodelled by using enough friction to make it so the material will be heated so much that is able to change its shape or have something attached to it. This is done by using a lathe, drill press or milling machine.
Glassworking
Glassworking refers to techniques and styles that use glass. Some common forms of glassworking are:
Quispamsis
Quispamsis is a suburb is southern New Brunswick, Canada. It is located 20 kilometres northeast of Saint John. The population of Quispamsis was 18,245 people in 2016.
Essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that humans and other animals must eat. The body needs them for good health but cannot make them.
Only two fatty acids are essential for humans. When the two EFAs were discovered in 1923, they were called "vitamin F", but in 1929, research on rats showed that the two EFAs are fats rather than vitamins.
Some other fatty acids are "conditionally essential", meaning that they may become essential under some circumstances.
Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894 (also called the Income Tax Act of 1894) was a bill passed by Congress that reduced the Tariffs on certain imports into the United States. The final version lowered duties slightly, but added a number of other provisions. One of these was a 2% federal income tax. Other items such as coal, lumber, and wool were added to the duty-free list, while sugar was removed from the duty-free list (where it had been included as a result of the McKinley Tariff of 1890). Debates over tariffs had been going on since America became a country. As the US became increasingly industrialized, the debates became more heated. The act was an effort by Democrats to help the country recover from the Panic of 1893, a serious economic depression. It tried to accomplish this by lowering tariffs and making up for the loss of revenues by a federal income tax. They believed if the US lowered tariffs other countries would also. They also believed they could push through a direct tax on personal income. The act failed to achieve any of its goals. A year later it was repealed by the Supreme Court decision "Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co" as being unconstitutional. Indirectly, the tariff was a contributing cause to the Spanish–American War.
In the last days of the Benjamin Harrison administration, a number of events hurt the economy. A major employer, the Reading Railroad, went into receivership. This led to an unfortunate chain of events. Hundreds of banks and businesses which depended on the Reading and other railroads were forced to close. The US stock market went down dramatically. Fearing things could get worse European investor pulled their funds out of the US. Even so, the depression spread to Europe. Meanwhile there was an agricultural depression in the south and western United States causing the economy to become much worse. When President Grover Cleveland took office, over 4 million people had already lost their jobs. But Cleveland believed he should do nothing—the situation would correct itself.
The Democrats in Congress had for a long time wanted to lower tariffs. The Wilson-Gorman tax act called for a 2% income tax on any "gains, profits and incomes" over $4,000 for a period of five years. The income tax was supposed to make up for revenue that would be lost by tariff reductions.
It was the first income tax since the Civil War. Unlike the wartime tax, there had been pressure in Congress for a direct tax on income. Between 1874 and 1893, nearly 70 income tax bills had been introduced by Democrats in Congress. Generating revenue was not the primary goal of a direct income tax. The main issue was fairness. The bulk of federal revenue was from tariffs that all Americans had to pay when they bought imported products. But giant businesses like railroads, steel manufacturers, sugar companies were making large profits that were not being taxed. Securities, bonds and savings were also not being taxed. So an income tax was a fair remedy for this situation.
Those who opposed an income tax, most living in the large eastern cities, called it "class legislation" (meaning targeting their class). Many thought it was a tax on the rich since 90% of Americans did not have to pay the tax. Others thought that a federal income tax would take money away from the state governments.
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff made the economy worse. It led to cheaper goods being imported from other countries that competed with American-made products. This hurt the profits of American businesses. At the same time, American companies did not find many overseas markets for their goods. The tariff act also hurt the Cuban economy. It led to increased anger by Cubans against Colonial Spain. This was a contributing factor leading up to the Spanish-American war in 1898.
But the income tax portion of Wilson-Gorman that was its undoing. There was strong resistance by wealthy citizens and high-earning companies that were targeted by the income tax. As the economy got worse the Los Angeles Times remarked, "The Democrats are in favor of an income tax for the reason that Democrats, as a rule, have no incomes to tax."
A year later the act was overturned by the 5–4 decision in Pollick. That decision, in turn, was later overturned by the passing of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Balto-Slavic languages
The Balto-Slavic language group is made up of the Baltic and Slavic languages. They are part of a large family group because they share many similarities involving the linguistic traits of the two language families that can not be found in other languages. The Balto-Slavic languages are mainly spoken in areas of eastern, northern and southern parts of Europe. The Balto-Slavic languages are daughter languages of the now extinct Proto-Indo-European.
Some of Balto-Slavic languages spoken today:
For a complete list of Balto-Slavic languages go here.
Baltic languages
The Baltic languages are part of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. Baltic languages are mostly spoken in the Baltics, around the Baltic sea.
There are three branches of Baltic languages. Two are extinct.
(† – extinct language)
Daughter language
A daughter language is a language that descended from another language, which usually happens over a long period of time.
List of Balto-Slavic languages
There are many Balto-Slavic languages. Some are now extinct and some are still spoken today.
Old Prussian language
Old Prussian was a Baltic language spoken in what is now called the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It was spoken by the indigenous peoples of Prussia, the Old Prussians. It was spoken in the area where north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia are today. It was named Old Prussian in order to show that it is different to the people who lived in Prussia afterwards. It went extinct in the early 18th century. There has been an attempted revival, but with little progress.
Knaanic language
Knaanic (also called Canaanic, Leshon Knaan, Judaeo-Czech) is an extinct West Slavic Jewish language. It was spoken in the area known today as Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia. It became extinct in the late middle ages.
The Larry Sanders Show
The Larry Sanders Show is an American sitcom. It is about Garry Shandling portraying a fictional host named Larry Sanders. It aired from 1992-1998.
Wheelock Whitney, Jr.
Wheelock "Whee" Whitney, Jr. (July 30, 1926 – May 20, 2016) was an American businessman, politician, educator, sports team executive and owner, philanthropist. Whitney was a successful investment banker from 1957 until 1972. When he left the industry, he taught at the Carlson School of Business.
Whitney was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota. He studied at Phillips Academy and Yale University.