Like many other Native American tribes, the Navajo suffered after white colonists came to the area. After the Spanish-American War in the 1840s, the United States took over the land where the Navajo lived. Many Navajo died during the Long Walk, or Hwé​eldi Baa Hane', in 1864. The Long Walk was when the United States government made many Navajo leave their homes and go to Bosque Redondo Reservation. It was not a real reservation; it was a camp with soldiers to keep people from leaving. Although they were allowed to go back years later, many died during the journey and during their time away.
The Navajo Nation government, called the Navajo Tribal Council, was established in 1923. One of the reasons for this was that oil had been discovered on Navajo land. The first election was in 1938. In 1989, the government was changed to have three branches, judicial, legislative, and executive. It is now the largest Native American government in the world.
During the 20th century, many Navajo families lost much of their wealth in the Great Livestock Massacre.
Navajo code talkers were bilingual Navajo speakers who were recruited during World War II by the U.S. Marines. They served in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater. The Navajo code was created by the first 29 Navajo recruits in May of 1942. About 400 Navajos were trained as code talkers. Their training was intense and all 17 pages of the code had to be memorized. From 1942 to 1945 Navajo Code Talkers took part in every Marine assault in the Pacific Theatre. Navajos served in all six Marine divisions plus parachute units and the Marine Raider battalions. The Navajo Code worked much faster than Morse Code, minutes instead of hours. They transmitted messages on the battlefield including orders, troop movements and logistics. While the Japanese were able to break codes used by the United States Army and the United States Army Air Corps, they were never able to break the Marine codes. Even a Navajo soldier captured during the Battle of Bataan could not figure out the code for the Japanese. Major Howard Connor, a 5th Marine Division signal officer at Iwo Jima stated: "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima."
The United States Military used the Navajo code in the Korean War and in the beginning of the Vietnam War, so they kept the code a secret. During the late 1960s, the United States stopped using the code, and declassified it in 1968, meaning it was no longer a secret. The code talkers were then allowed to talk about what they had done.
On September 17, 1992, the Navajo code talkers of World War II were honored for their contributions at the Pentagon in Washington, DC. The long delay was due to the Navajo code being Classified information.
Division of St George
The Division of St George was a Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1993. It was named for the suburb of St George. It was located in the suburbs of Hurstville, Rockdale and Arncliffe. The Division of Watson replaced it when it was abolished.
Balu Mahendra
Balanathan Benjamin "Balu" Mahendran (20 May 1939 – 13 February 2014) was a Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, editor and cinematographer. He was born and raised in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. He began his career in 1971, and made his break in 1977. He produced over twenty films in Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil.
Mahendra died from a heart attack on 13 February 2014 in Chennai, India. He was 74.
Robert H. Schuller
Robert Harold Schuller (September 16, 1926 – April 2, 2015) was an American televangelist, pastor, motivational speaker, and author. He is best known for the weekly "Hour of Power" television program which he began in 1970. He was also the founder of the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California, where the "Hour of Power" program used to broadcast.
Schuller was born on September 16, 1926 in Alton, Iowa. He was of Dutch ancestry, and belonged to the Reformed Church in America. He married Arvella de Haan in 1950. They had five children together. She died on February 11, 2014.
Schuller died from complications of esophageal cancer in Artesia, California, aged 88.
Payback (2013)
Payback was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by the WWE. It was held on June 16, 2013 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the first Payback event held by the WWE. It replaced the No Way Out pay-per-view.
Maxine Kumin
Maxine Kumin (June 6, 1925 – February 6, 2014) was an American poet and author. She became Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1981–1982.
Kumin died on February 6, 2014 in Warner, New Hampshire. She was 88. Her death came after a year of bad health. She had a husband, Victor, and three children.
J. Michael Bishop
John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist. He shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold Varmus and was co-winner of 1984 Alfred P. Sloan Prize. He currently serves as an active faculty member at the University of California, San Francisco.
Bishop is best known for his Nobel-winning work on retroviral oncogenes. Working with Varmus in the 1980s, he discovered the first human oncogene, c-Src.
Their findings showed how malignant tumors are formed from changes to the normal genes of a cell. These changes can be produced by viruses, by radiation, or by exposure to some chemicals.
Harold Varmus
Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American scientist. He won a Nobel Prize. He is the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute. He was appointed to that post he was appointed to by President Barack Obama.
Varmus was a co-recipient, with J. Michael Bishop, of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of the origin of retroviral oncogenes. Varmus described the work in his Nobel lecture.
He also serves as one of three co-Chairs of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
Ostrobothnia (region)
Ostrobothnia is a region in western Finland. As of November 2013, there were about 180,000 people living there. In 2010, about 51% of people living in Ostrobothnia spoke Swedish as their first language.
15 municipalities, 6 of those are cities (marked bold).
Central Ostrobothnia
Central Ostrobothnia is a region in western Finland. As of November 2013, almost 70,000 people lived there. Neighbouring regions are Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, Central Finland and Southern Ostrobothnia.
Central Ostrobothnia has 8 municipalities, two of those are cities (marked bold).
Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland is a region in Finland. As of November 2013, there were about 471,000 people living there. Neighbouring regions are Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Satakunta, Uusimaa and the Åland Islands.
Southwest Finland has 28 municipalities, 11 of those are cities, listed below.
Three municipalities:
Southern Ostrobothnia
Southern Ostrobothnia is a region in western Finland. As of 2013, about 194,000 people lived there. The City of Seinäjoki is the center of the Southern Ostrobothnia.
Neighbouring regions are Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Pirkanmaa and Satakunta.
Southern Ostrobothnia has 18 municipalities, 8 of those are cities, listed below.
Prince Escalus