The starter must be fed 4 to 12 hours prior to being added to dough, by mixing flour and water to the starter. This creates an active leaven, which should grow in size and is ready to use when it is bubbly and floats in water. The leaven is mixed with flour and water to make a final dough of the desired consistency. The starter weight is usually 13% to 25% of the total flour weight, though formulas may vary. The dough is shaped into loaves, left to rise, and then baked. A number of 'no knead' methods are available for sourdough bread. Due to the length of time sourdough bread takes to proof, many bakers may refrigerate their loaves prior to baking. This process is known as 'retardation' to slow down the proofing process. This process has the added benefit of developing a richer flavoured bread.
Because the rise time of most sourdough starters is longer than that of breads made with baker's yeasts, sourdough starters are generally unsuitable for use in a bread machine. However, sourdough that has been proved over many hours, using a sourdough starter or mother dough, can then be transferred to the machine, utilizing only the baking segment of the bread-making program, bypassing timed mechanical kneading by the machine's paddle. This may be convenient for single loaf production, but the complex blistered and slashed crust characteristics of oven-baked sourdough bread cannot be achieved in a bread making machine, as this usually requires the use of a baking stone in the oven and misting of the dough to produce steam. Furthermore, ideal crust development requires loaves of shapes not achievable in a machine's loaf tin.
Annegret Brießmann
Annegret Brießmann (born 28 July 1972) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.
Marina Mohnen
Marina Mohnen (born 31 October 1978) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.
Barbara Gross
Barbara Gross (born 20 November 1993) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.
She played for University of Alabama.
Ilse Arts
Ilse Arts (born 7 June 1990) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2017 Women's Wheelchair Basketball European Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.
She is from Wijchen, Netherlands. She played association football for SC Woezik. She was injured after a motorcycle accident.
She plays for Hot Rolling Bears Essen in the 2. Rollstuhlbasketball-Bundesliga.
Sapardi Djoko Damono
Sapardi Djoko Damono (March 20, 1940 – July 19, 2020) was an Indonesian poet. He was known for lyrical poems. He was widely known as the pioneer of lyrical poetry in Indonesia. Sapardi also translated many literary works from other countries into Indonesian. These include the literary works of T.S. Eliot, Khalil Gibran and Jalaludin Rumi; his translation of Ernest Hemingway’s "The Old Man and the Sea".
Damono died in South Tangerang, Banten on July 19, 2020 from multiple organ failure, aged 80.
Lucio Urtubia
Lucio Urtubia Jiménez (18 February 1931 – 18 July 2020) was a Spanish anarchist. He was known for his anarchism. He was compared to Robin Hood. Urtubia carried out bank robberies and forgeries throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
In the words of Albert Boadella, "Lucio is a Quijote that did not fight against wind mills, but against a true giant".
Urtubia died on July 18, 2020, aged 89.
Albert Boadella
Albert Boadella Oncins (born 30 July 1943) is a Spanish actor and playwright. He was the director of the company of the independent theater Els Joglars until 2012. Boadella was born in Barcelona.
In 2003 he wrote the screenplay and directed the movie "Buen viaje, excelencia", a caricature of the last months of life of the general Franco.
In December 2012 he was awarded the Alfonso Ussía awards in the category of Person of the Year, together with Arturo Fernández.
Henrique Soares da Costa
Henrique Soares da Costa (11 April 1963 – 18 July 2020) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop. He was bishop of the diocese of Palmares from 2014 until 2020. He was born in Penedo, Alagoas.
Costa died in Recife, Brazil on 18 July 2020 from COVID-19, aged 57.
Rick Reed (umpire)
Rick Alan Reed (March 3, 1950 – July 16, 2020) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball. He joined the American League staff in 1979. He worked throughout both major leagues from 2000 to 2009. He was named a crew chief in 1999. Reed wore uniform number 23. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.
Reed died on July 16, 2020 in Detroit at the age of 70.
Brigid Berlin
Brigid Berlin (September 6, 1939 – July 17, 2020) was an American artist and Warhol superstar. She was born in New York City. She was known for working as an artistic model for Andy Warhol. She starred as herself in the 1966 Warhol movie "Chelsea Girls".
Berlin died of cardiac arrest from a pulmonary embolism in New York City on July 17, 2020 at the age of 80.
Pierre-Marie Coty
Pierre-Marie Coty (22 November 1927 – 17 July 2020) was an Ivorian Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daloa, Ivory Coast from 1975 to 2005.
Coty died on 17 July 2020, aged 92.
Paul Morrissey
Paul Morrissey (born February 23, 1938) is an American movie director. He was born in New York City. Morrissey is best known for his works with Andy Warhol. His best known movie is "Trash" (1970).
Vishnu Raj Atreya
Vishnu Raj Atreya (; 10 November 1944 – 18 July 2020) was a Nepali writer and poet. He wrote in Nepali language, Sanskrit language and Awadhi language. He used the title "Latosaathi" () in his poetry works when his career began in 1963. He known to be the first person to start writing Haiku in Sanskrit language. Atreya was born in Kapilbastu, Nepal. He was a Professor of Navya Vyakaran in Nepal Sanskrit University for seventeen years between 1996 to 2013.
Atreya was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer in early 2019. He died on 18 July 2020 from the disease, aged 75.
S. O. Davies
Stephen Owen Davies (1886 or 1887 – 25 February 1972) was a Welsh miner, trade union official and politician. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Merthyr Tydfil from 1950 to 1972, and previously Merthyr from 1934 to 1950. He was a member of the Labour Party.
Davies was born in Abercwmboi, Glamorgan. In 1972, he died in Merthyr Tydfil at the age of 85.
Mazhilis
The Mazhilis (, also transliterated as Majilis; "Assembly" in Kazakh) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the "Parlamenti", in the Government of Kazakhstan.
The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 107 seats (98+9). Members of Parliament are elected to five-year terms.
Parliament of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (; ) is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Mazhilis, with 107 seats which are elected to four year terms. The upper house is the Senate, which has 47 members.
As of January 2007, 10% of the parliament's representatives are women and 19% of local and city council officials are women.
Senate of Kazakhstan