Radical feminism is a type of feminism. Radical feminists are sometimes called 'radfems'. Famous radical feminists include Andrea Dworkin, Catharine MacKinnon, Valerie Solanas,and Alice Walker. Radical feminists say that society is a patriarchy. In patriarchy, men have more social power than women. They harm women by oppressing them. Liberal feminists want to be equal to men. Radical feminists do not want equality within the patriarchy, but they want to get rid of patriarchy entirely. This is so that women will not be oppressed. This is different than , who think that women's oppression is caused by economic conflict, not patriarchy. Radical feminism says that , BDSM, and gender roles should not exist, because they are part of the patriarchy. Radical feminists do not believe in buying and selling sex acts, which is called prostitution. Radical feminists also believe in ending rape and domestic violence.
In 1967 a group called New York Radical Women was started by Carol Hanisch, Shulamith Firestone and Robin Morgan. They were a group of who were unhappy with being ignored by civil rights and antiwar groups that were led by men.
In September 1968 they did a protest at the Miss America Pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey. They put symbols of female oppression including bras, copies of "Playboy" magazine, and girdles in a trash can.
In 1969 New York Radical Women broke up. A new radical feminist group called Redstockings was started in 1969 by Ellen Willis and Shulamith Firestone.
In the 1980s the Feminist Sex Wars happened. The Feminist Sex Wars were fights between radical feminists who said that porn, sex work, and BDSM are bad, and sex positive liberal feminists, who said that those things can be feminist. Radical feminism is associated with the second wave of feminism. This ended in the 1990s. Since then radical feminism has been less popular. The third wave of feminism is liberal. Some of the women who started radical feminism have died. However, radical feminism still has influence. In 2012 a book by Julia Long, "Anti-Porn: The Resurgence of Anti-Pornography Feminism" was published.
In 1979 "The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male", a book by a radical feminist called Janice Raymond, was published. In the book Raymond said that trans women all "rape women's bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact, appropriating this body for themselves." The RadFem2012 conference would not let in transgender women. Radical feminists may call themselves 'transcritical' or 'gender-critical'.
Another reason people do not like radical feminism is because they may think radical feminists are "man-haters". This is because of an author named Valerie Solanas. In 1967 Valerie Solanas wrote the SCUM Manifesto. SCUM was Society for Cutting Up Men. She wrote in it that women should get rid of the male sex. Solanas tried to kill Andy Warhol. She also shot Mario Amaya.
Radical feminism has been criticized for being anti-sex. An example of this is the work of Andrea Dworkin. Andrea Dworkin published a book in 1987 called "Intercourse". In the book she wrote about how heterosexual sex and pornography is oppressive to women. It is often thought that "Intercourse" argues that "all heterosexual sex is rape" even though Andrea Dworkin did not say this. Dworkin wrote two books against pornography, "Pornography - Men Possessing Women" and "Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day for Women's Equality".
Radical feminists have been criticized by sex workers who do not want to lose their jobs. Sex workers may disagree with radical feminists who say that if you are paid to have sex then it is rape. Anti sex work radical feminists are sometimes called SWERFs (Sex Work Exclusionary Radical Feminists).
Andrea Dworkin
Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 – April 9, 2005) was an American radical feminist and writer. Dworkin wrote ten books about radical feminism. She was most famous for saying that pornography hurts the women who participate in it and makes men who watch it believe harmful things about women. Her two most well known books are "Pornography: Men Possessing Women" (1981) and "Intercourse" (1987). In 1986, Dworkin's first novel "Ice and Fire" was published.
Dworkin was born in Camden, New Jersey. She was raised in a Jewish household. In sixth grade she started writing poetry. In 1965 Dworkin was arrested during an anti-Vietnam War protest at the United States Mission to the United Nations. She was sent to the New York Women's House of Detention.
Dworkin's first feminist book "Woman Hating" was published in 1974. "Our Blood: Prophesies and Discourses on Sexual Politics" was published in 1976. In 2000 "Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel And Women's Liberation" was published. The book was inspired by a visit Dworkin made to Israel in 1988. The book compares the oppression of Jews to the oppression of women. In the book Dworkin says that women should have their own homeland like Jews have Israel.
Dworkin was a lesbian. Dworkin married Cornelius (Iwan) Dirk de Bruin in 1967. In 1971 they divorced. In 1998 she married John Stoltenberg. Stoltenberg is openly gay. In 1999 Dworkin was raped in Paris. Dworkin died in Washington, D.C. when she was 58 from myocarditis.
Barry Gibb
Sir Barry Alan Crompton Gibb (born 1 September 1946) is a British-American singer, songwriter, and record producer who rose to worldwide fame as the founder of the British-Australian pop group Bee Gees. With his brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb, Gibb formed a songwriting partnership beginning in 1966. In 2004, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In June, 2018, Barry was officially knighted by Prince Charles, which allows Barry to use the title Sir. Barry has dual British/US citizenship.
Barry Gibb was born on 1 September 1946 on the Isle of Man, a British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea. He formed his first band, in 1955. His younger twin siblings, Robin and Maurice were also members of this group. After moving to Australia, the Gibb brothers renamed their band, the Bee Gees.
Gibb released his first album with the Bee Gees, "The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs", in 1965. It did not chart. In 1967, after returning to England, the Bee Gees released their first charting album "Bee Gees' 1st". In 1979 the Bee Gees released their only number one album "Spirits Having Flown". Gibb released "Now Voyager" in 1984. "Shine, Shine" was released as the album's second single. It reached number 37 in the "Billboard" 200. Gibb made the soundtrack for the movie "Hawks". In 2011 "All In Your Name", a song Gibb sung with Michael Jackson, was released as a single.
Survivor Series (1996)
Survivor Series (1996) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 17, 1996 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. It was the tenth Survivor Series event held by the WWF.
Survivor Series (1995)
Survivor Series (1995) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 19, 1995 at USAir Arena in Landover, Maryland. It was the ninth Survivor Series event held by the WWF.
Survivor Series (1994)
Survivor Series (1994) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 23, 1994 at Freeman Coliseum in San Antonio, Texas. It was the eighth Survivor Series event held by the WWF.
Intermittent energy source
An intermittent energy source is an energy source whose supply is not always continuous. Their energy can be stored to use at another time. For example, solar energy can heat water. Windmills can charge a battery. Also, sources that can be controlled can supply power when the intermittent source cannot.
Girl's Day