Burnside waited until the morning of December 13 to issue his orders. He directed General William B. Franklin's division to attack Jackson's Corps. Then General Edwin Vose Sumner's division was to attack Marye's Heights. But Burnside's orders were unclear on several points. In his orders to Franklin, he ordered the attack with "a division at least". Without taking time to clarify, Franklin sent just one—General George G. Meade's division of 4.500 men. They were to attack Jackson's line about a mile away. Two small Confederate cannon were on the road perpendicular to Mead's advancing troops. Even though he had orders to disengage, Major John Pelham kept up the shelling for over an hour. Finally, when Pelham ran out of ammunition he withdrew the cannons. Meade continued his march on Jackson's position. When Meade's division came to within , Jackson's hidden 14 artillery pieces opened fire cutting down many of Meade's soldiers. Union artillery opened fire on the Confederate guns and an artillery duel started that lasted for an hour. Meade's troops found a gap in Jackson's line in the woods and exploited it. A South Carolina brigade at first mistook Meade's troops for retreating Confederates and did not fire on them. This allowed the Union troops to get deep within Jackson's line. When Jackson learned of this he ordered a counterattack and drove the Union troops back to their own lines.
Burnside waited at his headquarters to hear that Meade had successfully driven Jackson back. When no word of this came, he ordered the attack on Marye's Heights to go ahead anyway. Artillery on top of Marye's Heights and nearby hills would prevent any assault on the Heights. But Sumner ordered a series of attacks all afternoon with the Confederate artillery raining down shells on them. Finally, at dusk the attacks were called off. One after another, three divisions had tried to scale Marye's Heights and all had failed. Nearly 3,000 men were lost in just an hour but the attacks continued with no effect. As Lee watched the destruction of Sumner's divisions he remarked, "It is well that war is so terrible. We should grow too fond of it." Of the 12,600 Federal casualties almost two-thirds were lost assaulting Marye's Heights. In turn, the Confederates lost about 5,000 men during the battle.
Despite winning what seemed like a lopsided battle, Lee lost men and equipment he could not afford to lose. Burnside's losses, although great, were soon replaced. Lee suffered 5,300 casualties defending Fredericksburg. Union losses were more than double. Burnside lost about 12,600 Union soldiers; killed, wounded, or missing. The Battle of Fredericksburg was depressing news to the North. But it had no lasting impact on the war. It was a boost to Confederate morale however. The spring would see a new campaign against Richmond. In January 1863, Burnside was replaced as commander of the Army of the Potomac by General Joseph Hooker. But Like Burnside, Hooker would be replaced after a single disastrous battle—the Battle of Chancellorsville. But following the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac engaged in what came to be called the Mud March, an aborted attempt at a winter campaign.
Charente (river)
The Charente (Saintongeais: "Chérente", ) is a river in southwestern France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Two departments, Charente and Charente-Maritime, are named after the river.
It rises in the Massif Central and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Rochefort.
The Charente river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
The Charente river starts in western Massif Central, in the "commune" of Chéronnac, Haute-Vienne department, at an elevation of about . It flows to the northwest for about and then flows through the north of the Charente department.
The river keeps flowing to the northwest and gets into the Vienne department. After the "commune" of Civray, the river turns to the southwest and gets back into the Charente department. After Angoulême, the river turns west and, after Cognac, to the northwest.
Finally, the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Rochefort.
The river is (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass), mainly with recreational boats from Angoulême to its mouth.
The Charente flows through 4 departments and 120 "communes", all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:
The main tributaries of the Charente river are:
Nate Thurmond
Nathaniel "Nate" Thurmond (July 25, 1941 – July 16, 2016) was an American basketball player. He spent the majority of his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Golden State Warriors. He played the center and power forward positions.
Thurmond was a seven-time All-Star and the first player in NBA history to record an official quadruple-double. Thurmond was named both a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History.
He was known to fans as "Nate the Great", Thurmond has had his No. 42 jersey retired by both the Golden State Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers.
Thurmond died at the age of 74 on July 16, 2016 after a short battle with leukemia in San Francisco.
Bloeme Evers-Emden
Bloeme Evers-Emden (; 26 July 1927 – 18 July 2016) was a Jewish-Dutch academic and child psychologist. She researched the phenomenon of "hidden children" during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s.
Her interest in the topic grew out of her own experiences during World War II, when she was forced to go into hiding from the Nazis and was arrested and deported to Auschwitz on the last transport leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944. Together with her on the train were Anne Frank and her family, whom she had known in Amsterdam. She was freed on 8 May 1945.
She wrote columns for the Jewish weekly "Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad".
Qandeel Baloch
Fouzia Azeem (; March 1, 1990 – July 15, 2016), better known by the name Qandeel Baloch (), was a Pakistani model, actress, feminist activist and social media celebrity. Baloch became famous due to her videos discussing her daily routine and many controversial issues.
Baloch first received recognition from the media in 2013, when she auditioned for "Pakistan Idol"; her audition went viral and she became an Internet celebrity. She was one of the top 10 most searched for persons on the internet in Pakistan and both celebrated and criticized for her videos and posts.
On July 15, 2016, Baloch was strangled while she was asleep in her parents' house in Multan. Her brother Waseem confessed to the murder saying she was "bringing disrepute" to the "family's honour".
Janez Bernik
Janez Bernik (6 September 1933 – 15 July 2016) was a Slovenian painter and academic. He was born in Gunclje, now part of Ljubljana. His works include painting, sculpture, graphic design, illustration, tapestry, book design, and poetry. He won the Prešeren Fund Award in 1963.
Bernik died on 15 July 2016 in the Municipality of Prebold, Slovenia, aged 82.
Billy Name
Billy Name (William Linich, Jr., February 22, 1940 – July 18, 2016) was an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer. He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970. His brief romance and friendship with Andy Warhol led to collaboration on Warhol's work, including his movies, paintings and sculpture.
Duncan M. Gray, Jr.
Duncan Montgomery Gray, Jr. (September 21, 1926 – July 15, 2016) was an American bishop and activist. He was the 7th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi (a middle judicatory of the Episcopal Church, USA). He was a priest in the southern United States. Gray was best known for his work as a civil rights activist, and his story was included in the University of Southern Mississippi's Civil Rights Digital Archive.
Sharon Runner