This kind of axe is typical of the Acheulean and the Mousterian cultures, and is the longest-used tool of human history. Hand axes were certainly used for at least a million and a half years. They were made by earlier species of man, such as "Homo erectus" and "Homo neanderthalensis" (Neanderthal Man); it was one of their most important tools. The hand axe cultures were preceded by an even older Oldowan culture of primitive stone tools (2.6 to 1.7 million years ago) in Africa. Now it is known that the first stone tools were probably made by Australopithecines. They are found in the Great Rift Valley of Africa from about 3.3 million years ago.
New archaeological evidence from Baise, Guangxi, China shows that there were occasional hand axes in eastern Asia. However, as the reference shows, the artifacts were overwhelmingly choppers and flakes. The authors say "The stone tool assemblage shows close associations with the pebble tool industry... in South China".
A line known as the Movius Line divides the Old World into two parts: to the west are the hand axe areas, and to the east are the chopper or flak-and-chip areas. It is supposed that there were at least two different cultural traditions.
Older hand axes were produced by direct percussion with a stone hammer and can be distinguished by their thickness and a sinuous border. Later Mousterian handaxes were produced with a soft billet of antler or wood and are much thinner, more symmetrical and have a straight border.
An experienced flintknapper needs less than 15 minutes to produce a good quality hand axe. A simple hand axe can be made from a beach pebble in less than 3 minutes.
Hand axes are mainly made of flint, but rhyolites, phonolites, quartzites and other rather coarse rocks were used as well. It depends what rocks were available in the vicinity. Obsidian was rarely used, because it is not widely found. It produces a brilliant blade, but shatters more easily than flint.
Several basic shapes, like cordate, oval, or triangular have been distinguished, but their significance is not agreed upon.
Hand axes were no doubt a multi-purpose tool. Research on their cutting edges has shown that, in many cases, they were used for butchering meat. This would include extracting bone marrow (which would explain the pointed end) and general hacking through bone, muscle and tendons. Experiments at Boxgrove quarry would appear to back this up. We know for sure that Neanderthals, at least, were hunters of large mammals such as mammoths, and that may be true of other hand axe cultures. The need for such a heavy tool is thus easily understood. Wielding a hand axe requires considerable strength, but Neanderthals were stronger than us in their upper bodies.
Studies in the 1990s at Boxgrove, in which a butcher attempted to cut up a carcass with a hand axe, showed that the hand axe was perfect for getting at the bone marrow, which is high in protein and vitamins and thus was highly prized as a food source.
Key 103
Key 103 is an independent local radio station that broadcasts to the city of Manchester and the north west of England. It mostly plays current pop and dance music. It used to be owned by Trans World Communications and EMAP. Now it is owned by Bauer Radio. It is part of the company's Big City Network of stations. The station is based in Castlefield, Manchester. It was first named Piccadilly Radio, from its set up in 1974. It was renamed in August 1988 when it was decided to re-brand Piccadilly Radio's FM frequency to the new name, with a younger target audience in mind. The original Piccadilly Radio continued to broadcast on the AM frequency of 1152 kHz.
The station broadcasts on the analogue frequency 103 FM, from a 4 kW transmitter on Saddleworth Moor. It broadcasts on DAB Digital Radio from City Tower (formerly Sunley Tower) on the CE Manchester multiplex. Key 103's live broadcast can also be listened to from their website, but only from inside the UK.
The station won three awards at the 2008 Sony radio awards. These consisted of Bronze in the entertainment category for the breakfast show 'Toolan in the Morning', Gold in the competition award for 'Sell Me The Answer' and Gold in the Station of the Year category. As of 2008/9, Key 103 and its sister station Piccadilly Magic 1152 are the official commercial radio partners of Manchester United and Manchester City, broadcasting all of both clubs' games live.
Brian McBride
Brian McBride (born June 19, 1972) is an American soccer player. He has played for United States national team.
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Ognjen Koroman
Ognjen Koroman (born 19 September 1978) is a Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team.
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10||3
295||42
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2002–03 UEFA Cup
The 2002–03 UEFA Cup was won by Porto. Porto defeated Celtic 3-2 in a final decided by a goal in extra time.
This match was played in front of an empty stadium. This was to punish to Partizan for earlier crowd trouble.
Yaya Touré
Yaya Touré (born 13 May 1983) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Manchester City and Côte d'Ivoire national team.
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!Total||42||5
Roger Lemerre
Roger Lemerre (born 18 June 1941) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.
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!Total||6||0
Rochdale
Rochdale is a market town in the North West of England. It is to the north-east of Manchester. It is part of Greater Manchester. Rochdale was part of Lancashire until 1 April 1974.
C2 Green Tea
C2 Green Tea is a bottled green tea beverage produced and manufactured by Universal Robina. The drink was first manufactured in the Philippines. Sometimes it is simply called C2
The term C2 is actually an abbreviation. It means 2 Cs and stands for "Cool & Clean".
C2 Green Tea is brewed and bottled in the same day which is safe. The drink contains natural green tea leaves ("Camellia sinensis"). The leaves were brewed gently to retain the antioxidants normally lost in other extraction processes. In fact the Chinese characters in the bottle means The “brewed from natural green tea leaves.” It is bottled in PET bottles.
As of 2009, twelve variants can be bought in the Philippines. C2 Green Tea is available in 230ml, 355ml, 500ml, 1000ml, and 1500ml bottles.
On the 50th anniversary of the Universal Robina Corporation on August 2006, the company released limited edition gold bottles of 500 ml of the C2 Green Tea Plain variant.
On January 2007, C2 was introduced to Vietnam with two variants only available in Vietnamese markets. The bottle design of these exclusive variants is slightly different than the original design.
Text messages circulated that the use of PET bottles, which was use in manufacturing C2, is dangerous to the health.
Later, the company issued a statement that the use of PET bottles for cold and hot-fill food and beverages has been approved by both the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority. The company also said that adheres to the conditions of use for PET bottles, as set forth by the organizations mentioned earlier.
Untouched materials were only use in producing C2's bottles. It is perfectly safe for a consumer to re-use a C2 (PET) bottle as long as it has not been used earlier to store harmful chemicals, and full sanitation is applied prior to the next usage occasion.
In May 2016, C2 products in Vietnam were found to have excessive lead content in two batches by food inspection agencies and was a major scandal in social media. The company was rumored according to social media to have paid agency officials to modify test results. Vietnamese regulators ordered the company to pay US$ 260,000 for the violation. It had earlier paid a fine for environmental violations.
Ashton-under-Lyne