Indre-et-Loire is a department in west-central France named after the Indre and the Loire rivers.
Its prefecture is the city of Tours.
Indre-et-Loire is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Tours as is capital. It was formed with part of the former province of Touraine.
It was divided in seven districts: Tours, Amboise, Château-Renault, Loches, Chinon, Preuilly and Langeais.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Chinon, Loches and Tours.
After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Prussian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Loches was eliminated but in 1943 Loches was made again an "arrondissement".
Indre-et-Loire is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has an area of .
The department is surrounded by 5 departments that are part of three regions:
The highest point of the department is "Signal de la Ronde" () with an altitude of high.; it is in the "commune" of Céré-la-Ronde in the northeast of the department on the border with the Loir-et-Cher department.
The Loire river flows through the department and divides it in two parts. The Indre, Cher and Vienne rivers join the Loire river in the Indre-et-Loire department.
This area is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Tours is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Tours is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Toulon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Indre-et-Loire is managed by the "Departmental Council of Ardennes" in Tours. The department is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 273 "communes" (municipalities) in Indre-et-Loire.
The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Indre-et-Loire department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Indre-et-Loire department are known, in French, as "Tourangeaux" (women: "Tourangelles"),
Indre-et-Loire had a population, in 2014, of 603,924, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Tours, with 466,232 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Indre-et-Loire
The "communes" with more than 10,000 inhabitants in the department are:
Isère
Isère is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France named after the Isère river.
Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Moirans as its capital. It was formed from part of the former province of "Dauphiné".
It was divided in four districts: Grenoble, Saint-Marcellin, La Tour-du-Pin and Vienne. The capital was transfered in 1790 from Moirans to Grenoble.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the four districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Grenoble, Saint-Marcellin, La Tour-du-Pin and Vienne.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Marcellin was eliminated.
Isère is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of .
The department borders with 7 departments in 2 regions:
The highest mountain in the department is "Pic Lory" (); it is high.
The main rivers that flow through the department are the Rhône and its tributaries Isère and Bourbre.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Grenoble is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
Isère is managed by the "Departmental Council of Isère" in Grenoble. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 281 "communes" (municipalities) in Isère.
The following is a list of the 29 cantons of the Isère department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Isère are known, in French, as "Isérois" (women: "Iséroises").
Isère had a population, in 2014, of 1,243,597, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Grenoble, with 758,956 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Isère
The "communes" in the department with more inhabitants are:
Landes
Landes (Gascon: "Lanas") is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. Landes is the plural of the French word "lande" (in English:"heathland"); it was named so because it was the most common habitat in the region.
It is well known for the "Côte d'Argent" beach that attracts many surfers to Mimizan and Hossegor each year.
The department was formed during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. It was divided into four districts: Dax, Mont-de-Marsan, Saint-Sever and Tartas. The capital was Mont-de-Marsan.
The "arrondissement" of Dax, Mont-de-Marsan and Saint-Sever were established on 17 February 1800. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Sever was dissolved on 10 September 1926 and integrated into the "arrondissements" of Dax and Mont-de-Marsan.
Landes is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, and is, after Gironde, the second largest department of Metropolitan France with an area of .
The department is bordered to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the north by the Gironde, to the northeast by Lot-et-Garonne and the south by the Pyrénées-Atlantiques; these three departments are, like Landes, of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. To the east, it borders with the Gers department of the Occitanie region.
The most important river is the Adour, which crosses the southern part of the department in an east-west direction; in Dax, the river turns to the southwest and is joined by the Gaves réunis before flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
The forest of Landes is the largest forest in France. It covers about 67% of the department in its northern part, and also covers a large part of the Gironde and Lot-et-Garonne (arrondissement of Nérac). The main species of tree is the maritime pine ("Pinus pinaster").
The climate in Mont-de-Marsan is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.
The average temperature for the year in Mont-de-Marsan is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Mont-de-Marsan is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .
The department is managed by the "Departmental Council of the Landes" in Mont-de-Marsan.
There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 15 "cantons" and 330 "communes" (municipalities) in Landes.
The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Landes department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Landes are known, in French, as "Landais" (women: "Landaises").
The department of Landes has a population, in 2014, of 400,477, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Dax has 220,656 inhabitants and the "arrondissement" of Mont-de-Marsan, where is the prefecture of the departement, has only 179,821 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Landes
The 10 main cities in the department are:
Loir-et-Cher