The function of is MHC molecules to sense foreign antigens, and hence the presence of 'foreign' proteins. They bind peptide fragments from pathogens onto their cell surface. Once there, the fragments are recognized by T-cells. Adaptive immunity depends on this reaction.
Two properties of MHC molecules make it difficult for pathogens to dodge the immune response.
1. MHC is polygenic. There are several different genes, so that each person or animal has a set of MHC molecules which bind somewhat different ranges of peptides.
2. The MHC genes are highly polymorphic. This means there are multiple variants alleles of each gene in the population. The polymorphism is so high that in a mixed population there are no two individuals with exactly the same set of MHC genes and molecules, with the exception of identical twins.
Inside a population, the presence of many different alleles means there will almost always be an individual with a specific MHC molecule able to load the correct peptide to recognize a specific microbe. The evolution of the MHC polymorphism means that a population will not succumb to a new pathogen or a mutated one, because at least some individuals will be able to develop an adequate immune response to defeat the pathogen. The variations in the MHC molecules are the result of the inheritance of different MHC molecules.
Transplants are limited to those which get the least reaction from the MHC system in tests of tissue matches.
An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune cells do not recognize the MHC molecules of other cells and starts attacking its own body.
Apollo 8
Apollo 8 was a mission in the Apollo program in December 1968. It was the first crewed spaceflight to leave Earth orbit and first to orbit the Moon. Commander Frank Borman, Pilot Jim Lovell and Bill Anders transmitted a television show while they were in orbit. The Apollo Lunar Module that could land on the Moon had not yet been built, so they went in the Apollo Command/Service Module and photographed and studied the Moon from above. Ten orbits around the Moon took twenty hours. After that, they fired their rockets and returned to Earth.
Kyoko Okazaki
Her work includes
Mashpee, Massachusetts
Mashpee is a town in Massachusetts. The Otis Air National Guard Base is here. Camp Edwards is also in Mashpee.
Bradley Bell
Clinton Bradley David Bell (born March 18, 1983 in Davison, Michigan), is an American keyboardist, pianist, synthesist, and backing vocalist. He is best known for being the keyboardist of post-hardcore band Chiodos. Bell was also the keyboardist of pop punk band Cinematic Sunrise as well as the keyboardist of experimental rock band The Sound of Animals Fighting.
Birmingham Airport
Birmingham Airport is an airport near the City of Birmingham, England.
It is 5.5 nautical miles (6.1 miles or 10.2 kilometers) east southeast of Birmingham city centre. Its local authority is the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull in the West Midlands.
The airport offers both domestic flights within the UK, and international flights to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, Pakistan, North America and the Caribbean. After handling 9.6 million passengers in 2008, the number of passengers dropped to 8,572,398 in 2010, making Birmingham the seventh busiest UK airport. The airport is a base for Ryanair, and also charter airlines Bmibaby and Thomson Airways.
Birmingham has a CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P451) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
The airport has a train station, Birmingham International, that is on the West Coast Main Line. The station is managed by Avanti West Coast. Passengers can catch direct trains to Birmingham city centre, London, Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow and Edinburgh, run by Avanti West Coast. Trains run by CrossCountry also let passengers catch direct trains to Bournemouth, Plymouth, Bristol, Cardiff, Penzance, Sheffield and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Trains stopping at local suburban stations also stop at the station, run by West Midlands Trains.
Shima Province
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.
"Izawanomiya jinja" and "Izawa jinja" were the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") of Hōki.
Etta James
Etta James (born Jamesetta Hawkins, January 25, 1938 - January 20, 2012) was an American singer. She was born in Los Angeles, California. Her styles included jazz, blues, soul and R&B. She received many awards during her career. She was active for almost sixty years. James died of leukemia in Riverside, California at 73, just before her 74th birthday. Beyoncé Knowles played James in the 2008 musical "Cadillac Records". James released her last album "The Dreamer" in 2011. The album is a collection of covers.
James won six Grammy Awards. One of them was the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. She was given the award in 2003. James was put in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.
Bend Over and Pray the Lord
Bend Over and Pray the Lord is an album from the Finnish hard rock/heavy metal band Lordi. It was recorded in 1997, but not published. The songs were published in 2012 in collection album "Scarchives Vol. 1".
Babez for Breakfast
Babez for Breakfast is an album from the Finnish hard rock/heavy metal band Lordi.
Tingwall Airport
Tingwall Airport also known as Lerwick/Tingwall Airport, is in Shetland, near its capital Lerwick.
Flights go to and from other islands in Shetland. There is another airport, Sumbugh Airport, which has flights to and from the Scottish mainland.
Tingwall Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P614) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Shetland Islands Council).
Sumburgh Airport
Sumburgh Airport is the main airport connecting the Shetland Islands with mainland Scotland. It is on the southernmost tip of Shetland, 17 nautical miles (20 miles or 31 km) south of Lerwick.
The airport is unusual in that it has a 550 metre helicopter runway instead of the usual helipad. The western end of runway 09 crosses the A970 road between Sumburgh and the northern mainland; access is controlled by a level crossing with barriers lowered whenever a flight is taking off or landing.
HIAL receives subsidies from the Scottish Ministers in accordance with Section 34 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982. Annual Reports and Accounts are submitted to the Scottish Ministers.
Sumburgh was a former RAF airfield, with two runways. It saw regular action in World War II. 404 Squadron operated Beaufighter Mark VI and X aircraft from this station on coastal raids against Axis shipping off the coast of Norway and in the North Sea.
List of airports in Japan
List of airports in Japan may be grouped by type and or by location.
In Japan, airports serving civil aviation routes are governed by Japanese law.
The Airport Development Law establishes four classifications for airports.
Some airports in Japan are not within the scope of the Japanese airport statutes. These include U.S. military bases: Kadena Air Base, Iwakuni Air Base and Yokota Air Base.
Håkan Juholt
Håkan Juholt, born 16 September 1962 in Oskarshamn, Sweden, is a Swedish Social Democratic politician and the former head of the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party. He has been a member of the Swedish Riksdag since 1994 representing Kalmar län, and has also worked as a photographer and journalist. He resigned from the post as leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party nine months after being chosen for the post in March 2011.
Kansai International Airport
The airport is on an artificial island in Osaka Bay, southwest of Ōsaka Station.
It opened 4 September 1994, and the gross area is 1,068ha. This airport has two runways. One is 3500m×60m, and the other is 4000×60m.