Kabalevsky is particularly well known as a composer of children's music. He wrote a lot of piano music. Many of these pieces are short pieces for children who are learning the piano. He also wrote larger works such as concertos for the piano and violin. In 1918, his family moved to Moscow, where he had formal lessons in music at the Scriabin Musical Institute. He was known for attempting to get children involved in music. In 1925 he began his training at the Moscow Conservatory, studying composition with Catoire and later with Miaskovsky, also continuing piano studies with Goldenveyzer.
Symphony No. 5 &quot;Fate&quot; (Beethoven)
Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 is a symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. It is the fifth of his nine symphonies. It was written between 1804 and 1808. This symphony is one of the most popular and well-known works of classical music.
There are four movements: an opening sonata allegro, a slower andante, and a fast scherzo which leads straight in to the finale.
The symphony was first performed in Vienna's Theater an der Wien in 1808. His Sixth Symphony was also performed for the first time at the same concert. The Fifth Symphony soon became recognized as one of the most important musical works.
The symphony begins with a four-note "short-short-short-long" motif which is heard twice (slightly lower the second time):
The opening of the symphony is so famous that it has often been quoted. Other composers have used it in their compositions, e.g. Sergei Rachmaninoff in his song "Fate". It has often been used in popular culture, from disco to rock and roll, and in film and television. During World War II, the BBC used the four-note motif to introduce its radio news broadcasts because "short-short-short-long" spells the letter "V" in Morse code. The "V" meant "Victory". It was played very quietly on a drum. People in Nazi occupied countries who wanted to hear the news listened in secret to the BBC news because it was more likely to be true.
The third movement of the symphony uses this rhythm sometimes as an accompaniment.
When Beethoven wrote this symphony he was in his mid-thirties. He was becoming more and more deaf. He found this terribly hard to bear. He thought that he, of all people, should have perfect hearing. He felt very depressed, but he decided not to commit suicide, but to stay alive and write down all the music he had in his head. He wrote about this in a letter called the Heiligenstadt Testament.
The opening of the Fifth Symphony sounds very bold and heroic. The whole symphony sounds like a struggle which starts from those four notes. People have often said that those four notes represent fate knocking at the door. By the time we get to the last movement (the finale) the music has become major instead of minor. It sounds as if Beethoven has overcome his depression.
The fourth movement of this symphony is one of the first times a trombone or a piccolo is used in a symphony.
Spectrum of a ring
The spectrum of a ring is a thing studied in the branch of mathematics called algebraic geometry. This construction allows us to think of abstract mathematical objects as "functions" acting over some geometric space. In this case, the most natural geometric space is called the spectrum of the ring.
Commutative ring
In algebra, commutative ring is a set of elements in which you can add and multiply and have multiplication distribute over addition. An example of a commutative ring is the set of integers. If we add two integers, we get an integer and if we multiply two integers we get another integer. Moreover, multiplication distributes in the sense that if "a", "b", and "c" are integers, then "c*(a+b)=ca+cb".
Homotopy
Homotopies are studied in a branch of mathematics known as Algebraic Topology. A homotopy is a deformation (change of form) of one thing into another without cutting it. For example, if we imagine a stretchy object, then all the shapes we can stretch or twist it into are "homotopy equivalent". One famous example is the homotopy equivalence of a coffee cup and a donut. To a topologist, these two shapes are the same.
The first example of a homotopy that a topology student is introduced to is a homotopy between functions. A homotopy between two functions <nowiki>"f" and "g" provides a collection of functions that start at "f" and eventually become "g". What this means is that this homotopy takes a parameter and gives a function, and there is a possible parameter that gives "f" and one that gives "g"</nowiki>. Typically, we choose the interval <nowiki>"</nowiki>[0, 1]<nowiki>"</nowiki> because this has a starting and ending point, and numbers are allowed to vary smoothly within <nowiki>"</nowiki>[0, 1]<nowiki>"</nowiki>. To output a function, this means that the homotopy takes a second parameter, which is the argument of the output function. That is, if <nowiki>"</nowiki>f<nowiki>"</nowiki> takes a number in the interval and outputs pairs of real numbers, the homotopy takes a number in the interval as the parameter and another number in the interval for <nowiki>"</nowiki>f<nowiki>"</nowiki>. The homotopy then outputs the interpolated function evaluated at the given pair. That is, if <nowiki>"</nowiki>H<nowiki>"</nowiki> is a homotopy from <nowiki>"</nowiki>f<nowiki>"</nowiki> to <nowiki>"</nowiki>g<nowiki>"</nowiki>, then we know formula_1where formula_2and formula_3.
Music school
A music school or conservatoire teaches music in all its aspects. It may be called a college of music, or academy of music or conservatory (American English) or a conservatorium (Australian English).
Music schools exist at different levels: The term conservatory is often used for specialized university-grade schools that train people who want a career as a music artist, dance or theatre performer. These people then study how to play musical instruments, singing, composition, musicology, music history and music theory.
Several high schools also offer an education in music. In these high schools, the subjects are integrated into a normal school curriculum.
The third type of music school is independent of the other education a child or adults gets. These schools are often organised as associations, or they are run by a theatre. Pupils can learn how to sing, play an instrument, or be a dancer or actor in a theatre play, outside a context of regular schooling.
Turandot
Turandot is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. When Puccini died he had not finished the opera. It was later finished by Franco Alfano. It was first performed at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 25 April 1926, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. This performance included only Puccini's music and not Alfano's additions. The first performance of the opera as completed by Alfano was conducted by Ettore Panizza.
The most famous song from the opera is the aria "Nessun dorma". This aria was sung by the three tenors Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and José Carreras, and used as the theme tune for the 1990 Soccer World Cup. This made Nessun dorma probably the best known of all opera arias.
Spontaneous human combustion
Spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the alleged burning of a person without any source of ignition. Although there have been claimed cases of SHC, many such cases either lack proof or actually had a source of ignition that could be found.
Hurt
Hurt can be one of the following:
Marsupial lion
The Marsupial lion, Thylacoleo, is an extinct carnivorous marsupial which lived in Australia from 1,600,000 to 46,000 years ago. It was the largest marsupial carnivore to have lived in Australia. Fossil remains on the dry Nullarbor Plain show that humans and climate change probably caused the extinction of the Australian megafauna about 45,000 years ago.