The first Chairman of the Senate was Justice Khan Habibullah Khan.
The main purpose for the creation of the Senate of Pakistan was to give equal representation to all the federating units since the membership of the National Assembly was based on the population of each province. Equal provincial membership in the Senate, thus, balances the provincial inequality in the National Assembly and dispels doubts and apprehension, if any, regarding deprivation and exploitation.
The role of the Senate is to promote national cohesion and harmony and to alleviate fears of the smaller provinces regarding domination by any one province because of its majority, in the National Assembly.
The Senate is a body that represents the provinces and territories of the country and promotes a feeling of equality, peace and good understanding between them, which is so essential for the growth and prosperity of a nation. Thus, the Senate in Pakistan, over the years, has emerged as an essential organ and a stabilizing factor of the federation.
a) President and Parliament: Under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and the Senate.
The President is elected by members of both Houses of the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies. The President may be removed from office or impeached through a resolution, passed by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose.
The Constitution empowers the President to dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion if a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. However, the Senate is not subject to dissolution.
In case the office of the President becomes vacant for any reason, the Chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the President, the Speaker, acts as President till such time that a President is elected. Same is the case when the President by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions.
b) Relations between the Houses: Unless both the Houses pass a Bill and it receives President's assent it cannot become a law except in the case of a money bill which is the sole prerogative of the National Assembly. Under the Legal Framework Order, 2002, the role of a Mediation Committee, comprising eight members from each House, has been introduced for the first time to evolve consensus on Bills, in case there is a disagreement between the two Houses.
c) Cabinet: The Constitution provides that there shall be a Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister which is collectively responsible to the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is chosen from the National Assembly.
The Federal Ministers and Ministers of State are appointed from amongst the members of Parliament. However, the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of Senate, shall not at any time, exceed one fourth of the numbers of Federal Ministers.
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
The Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan (, Jamaat-i-Islami, "Islamic Party" Jamaat, JIP) is a Muslim religious, political party in Pakistan. It was founded on 26 August 1941 in Lahore by Muslim theologian Maulana Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. It is the oldest religious party in Pakistan.
Founded during British rule in India, the Jamaat moved its organisation after the Partition of India to the newly-created Muslim state of Pakistan. The members who remained in India regrouped to form an independent organization.
Nikola Pokrivač
Nikola Pokrivač (born 26 November 1985 in Čakovec, Croatia) is a Croatian footballer who plays as defensive midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
Pokrivač started to play football with Bratstvo Jurovec, near his hometown. His youthteams were also Čakovec and Varteks Varaždin .In Varaždin he started his professional career which brought him over Dinamo Zagreb, AS Monaco to Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.In this team he plays not regularly, in the 2010/11 season he played eight matches.
Pokrivač has played for the Croatian under-21 national team and has also played at under-17 and under-19 levels. He played 39 matches and scored three goals for all Croatian youth national teams between 2001 and 2006.
On 5 May 2008he became member of the team for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals in Austria and Switzerland, where he only played in the last group match against Poland. His debut was on 24 May 2008 in a friendly match against Moldova in Rijeka, coming forbstitute for Niko Kovač in the 59th minute. Another five matches he played in the qualifying round for the FIFA World Cup 2010.
The Butterfly Effect
The Butterfly Effect is a 2004 American psychological thriller movie. It was produced by Anthony Rhulen, Chris Bender, J.C. Spink and A.J. Dix and was directed by Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber. "The Butterfly Effect" was released on January 22, 2004 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 32% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 30 out of 100 from Metacritic.
This movie had two sequels: "The Butterfly Effect 2" and "".
Nature Coast
The Nature Coast is a region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is made up of the Big Bend (Florida) area of the western coast and includes Citrus, Dixie, Hernando, Jefferson County, Pasco County, Levy County, Taylor County, and Wakulla County counties. This area of Florida is southern culturally, with the Deep South culture reaching to Levy County with the lower southern end (Pasco, Hernando, and sometimes Citrus county) often considered part of the Tampa Bay Metropolian Area. Pasco County is sometimes considered part of the Sun Coast.
The history of the name "The Nature Coast" goes back to 1991 as part of a marketing campaign to attract vacationing people to the nine county area, the name "Nature Coast" caught on quickly and describes the area previously known as the "Big Bend" of Florida.
St. Petersburg Times article, St. Petersburg Times - Feb 23, 1994
Common activities in this area are hunting, fishing, boating, bird watching, and nature hiking. Snorkeling spots are found in the rivers along the Nature Coast. Also diving and Manatee tours, predominate in areas such as Crystal River, Homosassa and Homosassa Springs.
The Nature Coast is also home to wildlife such as deer, wild pigs, roseate spoonbills, alligators, raccoons, opossums, snakes, great blue herons, egrets, turtles and countless others, including at least 19 endangered species.
The NatureCoast covers 8 different counties and 1 partial county (Dunnellon is a part of Marion County). It encompasses .
There are also 50 Golf Courses located within these counties
Digital forensics
Digital forensics is a forensic science where experts look at computer devices to help solve crime. It can also include mobile phones. The experts who do digital forensics are often called "analysts" or "investigators". When an expert is asked to look at a computer it is called an "investigation".
A digital forensics investigation happens when someone is blamed for a crime that includes using a computer. The expert will look for evidence about the crime. They will try to prove whether the person is to blame or not.
Sometimes investigations are used in disputes between companies and/or people (known as civil law). These may not involve a crime. Instead the expert is asked to find out information about a person or company by looking at their computer. There is a specific word used to describe this type of investigation, it is "eDiscovery".
Another use of digital forensics is called "intrusion detection". It happens after a hacker breaks in to a computer network. After the break in an expert is often asked to look at the networked computers to try and find out how it happened.