Raul Hilberg reports that stories about soap made from human fat were told in Lublin, Poland, as early as October 1942. The Germans themselves knew about the stories. Heinrich Himmler, the leader of the SS, got letter saying the Poles thought Jewish people were being "boiled into soap." The letter also said the Poles feared they would also be used to make soap. These stories were so widely known that some Polish people actually refused to buy soap. Himmler was so worried by the rumors, and the thought of poor security at the camps, that he said that all bodies should be burnt or buried as quickly as possible.
Soviet propagandist Ilya Ehrenburg reported a common version of the story as fact in "The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry":
During the Nuremberg Trials, Sigmund Mazur, a laboratory worker at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, said that soap had been made from the bodies of dead people at Stutthof concentration camp. He said that 70 to 80 kg of fat collected from 40 bodies could make more than 25 kg of soap. He also said that the finished soap was kept by Professor Rudolf Spanner.
Mazur gave a recipe that read: ""5 kilos of human fat are mixed with 10 liters of water and 500 or 1,000 grams of caustic soda. All this is boiled 2 or 3 hours and then cooled. The soap floats to the surface while the water and other sediment remain at the bottom. A bit of salt and soda is added to this mixture. Then fresh water is added and the mixture again boiled 2 or 3 hours. After having cooled, the soap is poured into molds.""
At the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi witnesses and British prisoners of war supported Mazur's story. (The British prisoners of war had been used as forced labor to build the Stutthof camp.) These witnesses talked about seeing:
After doing research, Holocaust survivor Thomas Blatt found little evidence of mass production of soap from human fat. However, he found evidence that soap had been made from human fat in experiments. Holocaust historian Robert Melvin Spector agrees that the Nazis "did indeed use human fat for the making of soap at Stutthof," but in small amounts.
In his book "Russia at War 1941 to 1945", Alexander Werth said that while visiting Danzig in 1945 just after it was freed by the Red Army, he saw an experimental factory outside the city for making soap from human bodies. Werth said that it had been run by "a German professor called Spanner" and "was a
nightmarish sight, with its vats full of human heads and torsoes pickled in some liquid,
and its full of a flakey substance - human soap".
After the war, in 1955, Alain Resnais included the idea that the Nazis made large amounts of "human soap" in his Holocaust documentary movie "Nuit et brouillard". After the war, some Israelis also spoke about Jewish victims of Nazism with the Hebrew word "סבון" ("sabon", "soap").
Mainstream Holocaust scholars think the idea that Nazis made large amounts of "human soap" is part of WWII folklore. Examples of scholars who believe this include the well-known Jewish historians Walter Laqueur, Gitta Sereny, and Deborah Lipstadt. Other people who believe this include Professor Yehuda Bauer of Israel's Hebrew University, and Shmuel Krakowski, archives director of Israel's Yad Vashem Holocaust center. Historian Yisrael Gutman agrees that "it was never done on a mass scale." And Holocaust historian Robert Melvin Spector says that the Nazis "did indeed use human fat for the making of soap at Stutthof," but in small amounts.
Today Holocaust deniers use this story to make people doubt the Nazi genocide.
"The Soap Myth" is a 2009 play about Nazis making soap from the bodies of the people they murdered.
Adiel de Oliveira Amorim
Adiel de Oliveira Amorim (born 13 August 1980) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.
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161||46||8||3||0||0||169||49
211||49||8||3||0||0||219||52
Darren Potter
Darren Potter (born 21 December 1984) is a Irish football player. He plays for Sheffield Wednesday.
87||2||9||1||8||0||12||0||116||3
87||2||9||1||8||0||12||0||116||3
!Total||5||0
Johann Vogel
Johann Vogel (born 8 March 1977) is a former Swiss football player. He has played for Switzerland national team.
133||13
169||7
14||0
17||0
7||0
340||20
!Total||94||2
Željko Kalac
Željko Kalac (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian football player. He has played for the Australian national team.
114||0||||||||||||||114||0
1||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
115||0||||||||||11||0||126||0
118||0||18||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0||158||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
348||0||18||0||1||0||33||0||400||0
!Total||54||0
Quincy Owusu-Abeyie
Quincy Owusu-Abeyie (born 15 April 1986) is a Ghanaian football player. He plays for Portsmouth.
29||2
29||3
21||4
79||9
!Total||12||1
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy of the United States, proclaimed in 1823 during the presidency of President James Monroe. It said that European powers do not belong in The Americas, or in the western hemisphere in general. In particular, most of the Spanish Empire in South America had recently become independent, due to the Napoleonic Wars against France. Having won the Peninsular War, Spain wanted its empire back, and the Monroe Doctrine said the United States would resist that. The United Kingdom agreed and helped enforce the Monroe Doctrine.
Cynthia Wade
Cynthia Wade is an American movie director. She makes documentary movies. She directed a short movie in 2007 called "Freeheld" which won an Academy Award (Oscar). She lives in New York City with her husband and children.
Ángel de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas
Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duke of Rivas () (March 10, 1791 - June 22, 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba. He is best known for his play "Don Álvaro; o, La fuerza del sino" (1835), the first Spanish Romance romantic success in the Spanish theater.
Eastern religion
Eastern religions is the name for a number of religions that had originated in South, East and Southeast Asia. They are grouped together because their ways of thinking, and worship are different from what are called the "Western", "African" and "Iranian religions", which originated elsewhere.
Les Paul
Les Paul (born Lester William Polsfuss, June 9, 1915 – August 13, 2009) was an American musician and innovator.
He is famous for his work in electric guitars and in overdubbing.
He was born in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
The solidbody electric guitar Les Paul which is named after him is made by the American company Gibson. It is one of the most famous guitar models in rock music history.
Paul died of complications from pneumonia at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York at the age of 94.
WarGames
WarGames is a 1983 American science fiction thriller teen movie starring Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy and directed by John Badham. The movie follows a computer hacker named David Lightman (Broderick) who breaks into a NORAD war games simulation computer that he thinks is really the computer for a computer game company. Lightman begins a series of events that could start World War III. The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards and was a big hit. It continues to be popular.
The movie begins with two air force officers in a nuclear missile silo who are ordered to fire the missiles in the silo. The officers believe the order to be real and begin to fire the missiles. One of the officers decides not to fire and so the US government replaces all the men in the missile silos with computer control.