Doctor of Medicine (MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine") is a doctoral degree for physicians (medical doctors). The degree is given by medical schools.
It is a professional doctorate / first professional degree (qualifying degree) in some countries, including the United States and Canada. Students need to have completed 90 to 120 credit hours of university level work (see second entry degree) and in most cases should already have a Bachelors Degree.
In other countries, such as the United Kingdom and Germany, the Doctor of Medicine is an advanced academic "research" degree similar to a PhD or a higher doctorate. In Britain, Ireland, and many Commonwealth nations, the qualifying medical degree is the Bachelor of Science in Medicine, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, BMBS, BM BCh, BM, MB BCh BAO, or MB ChB) and is the same as the M.D. degree in the U.S. system.
In these countries it is illegal to prescribe scrips (prescriptions) and perform operations without the basic degree; also usual is the membership of appropriate medical and/or surgical societies. The societies (such as the British Medical Association) act as a kind of sophisticated trades union for doctors. In the British system, the General Medical Council has legal authority for the medical register of doctors licensed to practice medicine. They can and do hold tribunals to decide whether doctors accused of misdeeds should be struck off the medical register. Therefore, to practice it is necessary not only to hold the medical degree(s), but also to be on the register.
James D. Watson
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist and zoologist.
Watson is of British ancestry. He is best known as one of the discoverers of the structure of DNA with Francis Crick in 1953.
Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
He studied at the University of Chicago and Indiana University and later worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory. He met Crick at the Cavendish and they became friends.
Watson has received 19 honorary doctorates.
Watson has always been a controversial figure, especially in the United States. The main cause is a long-running argument as to what causes the small difference in the average IQs of black and white people in the U.S.A.
Watson has repeatedly said that differences in average measured IQ between blacks and whites are due to genetics. Watson said his intention was to promote science, not racism
An excerpt from Watson's memoir, "Avoid Boring People: Lessons from a Life in Science" page=102 goes as follows:
An editorial in "Nature" said that his remarks were "beyond the pale". Because of the controversy, the Board of Trustees at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory suspended Watson's administrative responsibilities. Watson issued an apology, then retired at the age of 79 from CSHL after what the lab called "nearly 40 years of distinguished service". Watson attributed his retirement to his age and to circumstances that he could never have anticipated or desired.
Watson has published a number of books.
1707 Hōei earthquake
The 1707 Hōei earthquake happened at 14:00 local time on 28 October 1707. It was the largest earthquake in Japanese history.
The southern coast of Honshu runs in the same direction as the Nankai Trough. This marks the place where the Philippine Sea Plate moves under the Eurasian Plate. Movement on this boundary causes many earthquakes; some of them are megathrust earthquakes. The Nankai megathrust has five parts (A-E) that can break one by one. The different parts have broken either one at a time or all together many times over the last 1,300 years. This kind of quake often happens in pairs with a relatively short time between them. In addition to the two earthquakes in 1854, there were similar earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. Each time, the northeastern part broke before the southwestern part. In 1707, the earthquakes were either at the same time, or close enough together so that writing from that time do not describe them separately.
29,000 houses were destroyed and more than 5,000 people were killed. The earthquake caused at least one major landslide in Shizuoka. This landslide was one of the three largest in Japan and is called the Ohya Landslide. It covered an area of 1.8 km with an estimated volume of 120 million m. In the Nara Basin, the earthquake made the soil behave like a liquid.
There were two other very large earthquakes: the 1854 Ansei-Tōkai and Ansei-Nankai earthquakes. The 1707 was stronger than both. Several observations show that the Hōei earthquake was bigger. At Cape Muroto, Kōchi, a cliff was raised up about 2.3 m in 1707, but just 1.5 m in 1854. In the Kawachi Plain area, the earthquake was around 6 - 7 on the JMA scale. Also, the amount of damage and height of the water from tsunami showed the strength of the earthquake. There are also records of tsunami at distant locations, such as Nagasaki and Jeju-do, South Korea.
The tsunami that followed the earthquake raised water along the coast. Along the southwestern coast of Kōchi, the average increase in sea level was 7.7 m. In some places it rose up to 10.2 m
Changes in stress caused by large earthquakes may be enough to cause volcanic eruptions, when the magma system of the volcano is close to a critical state. The great earthquake in 1707 may have changed pressure in the magma under Mount Fuji.
Henri La Fontaine
Henri Marie La Fontaine (22 April 1854 – 14 May 1943), was a Belgian lawyer. He is most well known for receiving the Nobel Prize of Peace in 1913. He devoted himself to international peace. He was responsible about making education better and about foreign affairs.
La Fontaine was born in Brussels in April 11, 1854. In 1895, he became a senator, and in the following years, he submitted a bill on mine inspection. He also became the President of the International Peace bureau at 1907, and finally received the Nobel Peace Prize in the 1913. He died before Belgium was liberated.
Publius Quinctilius Varus
Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC in Cremona, Roman Republic - AD 9 in Germania) was a Roman politician and general under Emperor Augustus. He is mainly remembered for having lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
Dumbledore's Army
Dumbledore's Army (often referred to as the D.A.) is an association in the "Harry Potter" series by J.K. Rowling. It is started in "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" and continued in the last book, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" by member Neville Longbottom. This is an association created to prepare some pupils for beating Voldemort.
The leader, Harry Potter, teaches his friends how defend themselves against the Dark Lord. The idea for the D.A. came from Hermione Granger, who wanted the students to learn defensive spells which were not being taught by the new Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher, Delores Umbridge.
Members:
Hannah Abbott,
Katie Bell,
Susan Bones,
Terry Boot,
Lavender Brown,
Cho Chang,
Michael Corner,
Colin and Dennis Creevey,
Marietta Edgecombe,
Justin Finch-Fletchley,
Seamus Finnigan,
Anthony Goldstein,
Angelina Johnson,
Lee Jordan,
Neville Longbottom,
Luna Lovegood,
Ernie Macmillan,
Padma Patil,
Parvati Patil,
Zacharias Smith,
Alicia Spinnet,
Dean Thomas,
Fred Weasley (later killed) and George Weasley,
Ginny Weasley..
Charles de Tornaco