Fort Lauderdale is a city in the state of Florida in the United States. It is 23 miles (37 km) north of Miami. As of 2010, the city of Fort Lauderdale had a population of 165,521.
The city is a popular tourist destination. It had 10.35 million visitors in 2006.
Despite not being below the Tropic of Cancer, Fort Lauderdale has a Tropical Rainforest (Af) Climate with a long hot year with no true dry season.
Fort Meade, Florida
Fort Meade is a city of Florida in the United States. In 2004, there were 5,761 people living there.
Fort Myers, Florida
Fort Myers is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the commercial center of Lee County, Florida.
On August 13, 2004, Fort Myers was hit hard by Hurricane Charley.
Fort Pierce, Florida
Fort Pierce is a city of Florida in the United States.
Freeport, Florida
Freeport is a city of Florida in the United States.
Frostproof, Florida
Frostproof is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cache coherence
A cache can be used to improve the performance of accessing a given resource. When there are several such caches for the same resource, as shown in the picture, this can lead to problems. Cache coherence or Cache coherency refers to a number of ways to make sure all the caches of the resource have the same data, and that the data in the caches makes sense (called "data integrity"). Cache coherence is a special case of memory coherence.
There may be problems if there are many caches of a common memory resource, as data in the cache may no longer make sense, or one cache may no longer have the same data as the others. A common case where the problem occurs is the cache of CPUs in a multiprocessing system. As can be seen in the figure, if the top client has a copy of a memory block from a previous read and the bottom client changes that memory block, the top client could be left with an invalid cache of memory,without knowing. Cache coherence is there to manage such conflicts and maintain consistency between cache and memory.
Coherence defines the behavior of reads and writes to the same memory location. The caches are coherent, if all of the following conditions are met:
These conditions are defined supposing that the read and write operations are made instantaneously. However, this does not happen in computer hardware because of memory latency and other aspects of the architecture. A write by processor X may not be seen by a read from processor Y if the read is made within a very small time after the write has been made. The memory consistency model defines when a written value must be seen by a following read instruction made by the other processors.
Distributed shared memory systems mimic these mechanisms so that they can maintain consistency between blocks of memory in loosely coupled systems.
The two most common types of coherence that are typically studied are Snooping and Directory-based. Each has its own benefits and drawbacks. Snooping protocols tend to be faster, if enough bandwidth is available, since all transactions are a request/response seen by all processors. The drawback is that snooping is not scalable. Every request must be broadcast to all nodes in a system. As the system gets larger, the size of the (logical or physical) bus and the bandwidth it provides must grow. Directories, on the other hand, tend to have longer latencies (with a 3 hop request/forward/respond) but use much less bandwidth since messages are point to point and not broadcast. For this reason, many of the larger systems (>64 processors) use this type of cache coherence.
Fruitland Park, Florida
Fruitland Park is a city of Florida in the United States.
Graceville, Florida
Graceville is a city of Florida in the United States.
Green Cove Springs, Florida
Green Cove Springs is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Clay County. As of 2010, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 6,908.
Greenacres, Florida
Greenacres is a city of Florida in the United States.
Gretna, Florida
Gretna is a city in Gadsden County, Florida in the United States.
Groveland, Florida
Groveland is a city of Florida in the United States.
Gulf Breeze, Florida
Gulf Breeze is a city of Florida in the United States.
Gulfport, Florida
Gulfport is a city of Florida in the United States.
Hampton, Florida
Hampton is a city in Florida in the United States.
Hawthorne, Florida
Hawthorne is a city of Florida in the United States.
Hialeah, Florida
Hialeah is a city of Florida in the United States.
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Hialeah. Two high schools serving the Hialeah community, Mater Academy Charter High School and Miami Lakes Educational Center, were named as "Silver" award winners in "U.S. News & World Report's" "Best High Schools 2008 Search".
Hialeah Gardens, Florida
Hialeah Gardens is a city of Florida in the United States. It is in Miami-Dade County.
High Springs, Florida
High Springs is a city of Florida in the United States.
Holly Hill, Florida
Holly Hill is a city of Florida in the United States.
Holmes Beach, Florida
Holmes Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Homestead, Florida
Homestead is a city of southeastern Florida in the United States. It was devastated when Hurricane Andrew traveled over the area in August 1992.
Barry Marshall
Barry James Marshall, AC, FRS, FAA (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian doctor and winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Marshall is well known for proving that bacteria "Helicobacter pylori" are the cause of most stomach ulcers. This changed years of medical belief which said that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. He has recently taken a part-time position at the Pennsylvania State University.
Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. He lived in Kalgoorlie and Carnarvon until moving to Perth at the age of seven. He went to high school at Newman College, Perth. At the University of Western Australia, medicine and surgery. He married his wife, Adrienne, in 1972. In 1972 he was also the Western Australian state yo-yo champion.
In 1979 Marshall became a Registrar in Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital. At the hospital he met Robin Warren, a pathologist who was interested in gastritis. They were both training in internal medicine at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Together they looked at spiral bacteria in gastritis. In 1982 they grew a culture of "H. pylori". They worked on their idea that there was a bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. Their idea was laughed at by scientists and doctors who did not believe that any bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. Marshall said that "Everyone was against me, but I knew I was right". Other doctors said they wouldn't believe it until the "H. pylori" idea could be proved.
Marshall and Warren tried to give the bacteria to piglets in 1984, but it did not work. Marshall drank some of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis with achlorhydria. He had stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting and bad smelling breath. On the 14th day of the infection, biopsies of Marshall's stomach did not show any bacteria. His body may have got rid of the bacteria without help. His wife made him take antibiotics immediately so there was no way of checking the negative result again. He did not develop antibodies to H.pylori. This means that natural immunity can sometimes get rid of H.pylori infection. His illness and recovery, showed the link between "H. pylori" and gastritis, but not for peptic ulcer. This experiment was published in 1985 in the Medical Journal of Australia and is among the most cited articles from the journal.