Cosmic rays kept the level of carbon-14 in the atmosphere roughly constant (70 tons) for at least the past 100,000 years, until the beginning of above-ground nuclear weapons testing in the early 1950s. This is an important fact used in radiocarbon dating used in archaeology.
Cosmic rays are of great practical interest, because they can damage microelectronics and life outside the protection of the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field.
Cyclophosphamide
Eilat
Eilat, Hebrew: אילת , is a city in the most southern part of Israel. About 50,000 people were living in this city in 2015.
Eilat is at the southern end of the Negev Desert and the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba or Gulf of Eilat on the Red Sea. It is an important port for Israel. Ships bring many products to Israel from the Far East and other places here.
Eilat also hosts an airport, called Eilat Airport.
Many tourists from Israel and other countries visit Eilat to enjoy the desert views, beaches and all-year warm weather. The temperature can easily reach more than 40 °C (104 °F) in summer and 21 °C (70 °F) in winter. The sea water is between 20 and 26 °C (68 and 79 °F). Coral reefs grow in the sea near Eilat and people can see them by scuba diving or from an underwater observatory (Coral World Underwater Observatory). Kings City is an amusement park in Eilat.
Edwin H. Land
Edwin H. Land (1909 - 1991) was an American physicist and inventor.
In 1932, he discovered a cheap and easy way to polarize light. In 1937 he set up the Polaroid Corporation to make scientific instruments and anti-glare sunglasses. In 1947 he developed the Polaroid camera. It could print photographs without needing film.
San Francisco de Mostazal, Chile
Mostazal is a Chilean commune in the Province of Cachapoal, Region of O'Higgins. According to the census of 2002, the population of the commune was 21,866 and it has an area of .
Retarder
In rail transport, a retarder is a device put in a classification yard used to slow down the speed of freight cars as they are sorted into trains. Each retarder has a series of stationary brakes around a short section of each rail on the track that hold and slow the cars' wheels through friction as they roll through them. Modern retarders are computer worked to have the perfect amount of pressure on the wheels so that cars rolling down a yard's hump are slowed to a safe speed for coupling with cars already standing on the yard's tracks.
Janeite
The word Janeite has been used by people who love the works of Jane Austen. However, it can also be used to show disapproval. Claudia Johnson says that "Janeitism" is "the self-consciously idolatrous enthusiasm (love) for 'Jane' and every detail relative to her (about her)".
Janeitism did not begin until after J. E. Austen-Leigh published "A Memoir of Jane Austen" in 1870. When this was published, Jane Austen became much more popular. This worried the literary elite. They felt they had to separate their liking of Austen from the "masses". The word "Janeite" was first begun by the literary scholar George Saintsbury in his 1894 introduction to a new edition of "Pride and Prejudice". Austen scholar Deidre Lynch explains, "he meant to equip himself with a badge of honor he could jubilantly (triumphantly, happily) pin". In the early twentieth century, Janeitism was "principally (mostly) a male enthusiasm shared among publishers, professors, and literati". Rudyard Kipling even printed a short story called "Janeites" about a group of World War I soldiers who were fans of Austen's novels.
In the 1930s and 1940s,Austen's works were accepted at school, and the word began to change its meaning. It began to mean the people who liked Austen in the "wrong" way. The word, according to Lynch, is now " and against "other" people".
Sleep (operating system)
When a computer is asleep, it is not running. However, programs that were running when the computer "went to sleep" are not shut down. When the computer wakes up, the programs come back to where they were before the sleep.
2008–09 Calgary Flames season
The 2008-09 Calgary Flames season is the team's 28th season in the National Hockey League since the franchise relocated to Calgary.
The Flames lost to the Chicago Blackhawks 2 games to 4 in the Conference Quarter-Finals.
2007–08 Calgary Flames season
The 2007-08 Calgary Flames season is the team's 27th season in the National Hockey League since the franchise relocated to Calgary.
Histone
Histones are proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei, which package the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, the active component of chromosomes.
Histones act as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation. Without histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long. For example, each human cell has about 1.8 meters of DNA, but wound on the histones it has about 90 millimeters of chromatin, which, when duplicated and condensed during mitosis, result in about 120 micrometers of chromosomes.
Histones act as spools around which DNA winds. This packs in the large genomes of eukaryotes to fit inside cell nuclei. The compacted molecule is 40,000 times shorter than an unpacked molecule.
Histones undergo changes which alter their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins. Long-term changes in histone/DNA interaction cause epigenetic effects. Combinations of modifications are thought to constitute a code, the so-called "histone code". Histone modifications act in diverse biological processes such as gene regulation, DNA repair and chromosome condensation (mitosis).
Examples of histone modifications in transcription regulation include:
Histones were discovered in 1884 by Albrecht Kossel. The word "histone" dates from the late 19th century and is from the German "Histon", of uncertain origin: perhaps from Greek "histanai" or from "histos". Until the early 1990s, histones were dismissed as merely packing material for nuclear DNA. During the early 1990s, the regulatory functions of histones were discovered.
The discovery of the H5 histone appears to date back to 1970's.
Histones are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, and in certain Archaea, namely Euryarchaea, but not in bacteria. Histone proteins are among the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes, which suggests they are vital to the biology of the nucleus. In contrast, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio.
Core histones are highly conserved proteins, that is, there are very few differences among the amino acid sequences of the histone proteins of different species. Linker histone usually has more than one form within a species and is also less conserved than the core histones.
Yūsuke Tanaka
Yūsuke Tanaka can refer to:
Satoshi Hida
Satoshi Hida (born 18 April 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Albirex Niigata Singapore.
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Masato Okubo
Masato Okubo (born 17 April 1986) is a former Japanese football player.
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Mitsumasa Yoda
Mitsumasa Yoda (born 7 August 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
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Óscar López Hernández
Óscar López Hernández (born 11 May 1980) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Numancia Soria.
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Heurelho Gomes
Heurelho Gomes (born 15 February 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur.
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Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa
Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa (born 17 June 1982) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Chelsea.
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Helton da Silva Arruda