Nuremberg city has 501,000 people. As of 2005, the urban area had 763,000 people (about 822,000 people as of 2008). Nuremberg metropolitan area has 1,205,000 people. Nuremberg is still associated with gingerbread ("Lebkuchen") products, sausages, and handmade toys. The first pocket watches, called "Nuremberg eggs", were made there in the sixteenth century. In the nineteenth century Nuremberg became the "industrial heart" of Bavaria with companies such as Siemens and MAN.
Things made in the area include electrical equipment, mechanical and optical products, motor vehicles, and printed materials.
Siemens is still the largest industrial employer in the Nuremberg region but a third of German market research agencies is also in the city.
The Nuremberg International Toy Fair is the largest of its kind in the world. The city also hosts several specialist hi-tech fairs every year, attracting experts from every corner of the glob
Nuremberg was an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention.
The city contributed much to the science of astronomy. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of Königsberg (Bavaria), later called Regiomontanus, built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg and published many important astronomical charts. In 1515, Albrecht Dürer, a native of Nuremberg, mapped the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the first printed star charts, which had been ordered by Johann Stabius. Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche Weltkarte", the first perspective drawing of the terrestrial globe. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543.
Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. In 1470 Anton Koberger opened Europe's first print shop in Nuremberg. In 1493, he published the "Nuremberg Chronicles", also known as the "World Chronicles" ("Schedelsche Weltchronik"), an illustrated history of the world from the creation to the present day. It was written in the local Franconian dialect by Hartmann Schedel and had illustrations by Michael Wohlgemuth, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, and Albrecht Dürer. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by map making. Notable among these was navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, who made the first world globe.
Sculptors such as Veit Stoss and Peter Vischer are also associated with Nuremberg.
Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers flourished here. Richard Wagner made their most famous member, Hans Sachs, the hero of his opera "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg". Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel was born here and was organist of Saint Sebald church.
Nuremberg is also famous for its Christmas market, which draws well over a million shoppers each year.
The southern part of the old town, known as Lorenzer Seite, is separated from the north by the river Pegnitz and surrounded by the city walls on the south.
Nuremberg was the first city in Germany to have a railway, and today Nuremberg Central Station is a stop for IC and ICE trains on the German long-distance railway network. Trains on the Nuremberg – Ingolstadt – Munich High-Speed line travel at up to 300-km/h. The line opened on May 28, 2006. It meant travel times to Munich were reduced to as little as one hour.
In Nuremberg there are subways, suburban trains, trams and buses.
Worldwide, Nuremberg is twinned with the following cities:
Military–industrial complex
The military–industrial complex refers to the relationship between the government, the military, and the businesses that make things for the military. For example, the businesses can give money to politicians in elections. Then, politicians give more money to the military. Then, the military buys things from the businesses. Each group gains something, so they try to keep doing the same thing.
The term was invented in the United States. However, most countries have politicians and soldiers and people who make weapons and other military supplies; thus they have a military-industrial complex.
When there is a military-industrial complex, problems can happen. The government can become corrupt. A business might want the country to be at war because they make more money during war than during times of peace.
President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term in his farewell speech—the last speech he gave while he was the President. He said, "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex." This was a warning. It means that people should be careful or the military-industrial complex will get too much power.
Today, the term is used a lot by people writing and talking about politics. Especially when the subject is militarism in the United States. It also appears in discussions about private military companies—businesses that commonly employ soldiers who have left the military.
Organization
Organization (British English: Organisation) is the idea of putting things together in a logical order. The verb is "to organize".
An organization is a group of people who work together. Organizations exist because people working together can achieve more than a person working alone.
To make sure people work together, organizations usually have leaders.
Heidelberg
Heidelberg (Alemannic German: "Heidelbärg") is a city by the Neckar river in the south-west of Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
It has about 150,000 inhabitants and a well-known university. The old town and the castle of Heidelberg are well-known tourist attractions of Germany.
Heidelberg has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Köppen climate classification).
Göttingen
Göttingen is a city in the centre of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony. It has a population of about 129,000 people and one of the first universities in Germany.
It was first mentioned in 992 AD.
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Trevor Hemmings
Trevor James Hemmings CVO (born 11 June 1935) is a British billionaire businessman. He lives in the Isle of Man.
He who owns several race horses and the holiday company Pontins. He also owns Littlewoods, Blackpool Tower and has a £150 million stake in Scottish and Newcastle.
One of his horses, ""Hedgehunter"", won the 2005 Grand National at Aintree.
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (South Franconian: "Kallsruh", Alemannic German: "Karlsrueh" or "Chaarlsruei") is a city in the south-west of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
As of 2016, Karlsruhe has about 308,000 people.
The city lies on the eastern shore of the Rhine River and has a technical university.
France is close by, on the other side of the Rhine River, a few km to the south.
Karlsruhe is the seat of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany).
The city was the capital of the former "Grand Duchy of Baden".
Wuppertal
Wuppertal is a city in the west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It neighbours Düsseldorf.
Wuppertal has about 360,000 inhabitants and a university.
A well-known tourist attraction is the Wuppertal Schwebebahn, a tram hanging at a steel way 10 m over the river-ground.
Bielefeld
Bielefeld (; Low German: "Builefeld") is a city in northwest Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Bielefeld has about 327,000 people living there and a university.
Maastricht
Maastricht (Limburgish: "Mestreech") is a city in the south of the Netherlands. It is the capital city of the province of Limburg.
About 120,000 people live there.
Maastricht has an airport and a university (Maastricht University).