In Scotland, the Conservatives used to be known as the Unionist Party and were Scotland's largest party during the 1950s. However in 1965, the Scottish Unionist Party merged with the Conservative Party which triggered a decline in Conservative support across Scotland. At the 1987 General Election, the Conservatives were reduced from 21 to 10 Scottish seats, and the party lost all of its Scottish seats in 1997.
Scottish Labour Party
The Scottish Labour Party is a political party in Scotland. It is part of the British Labour Party. The party's policies usually promote social democracy and democratic socialism. It also supports Scotland remaining part of the United Kingdom and the UK remaining a member of the European Union.
In the Scottish Parliament, it is the third party. It controls 23 out of 129 seats. The party also control 1 out of 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (having previously held 41)
Following a heavy defeat in Scotland in the United Kingdom general election, 2015, Jim Murphy announced his resignation as party leader on 16 May 2015. On 15 August 2015 Kezia Dugdale was elected leader of the party, with Alex Rowley as her deputy. In 2017 Dugdale resigned and Rowley became acting leader. Richard Leonard was elected as the party's leader on 18 November 2017.
Scottish Liberal Democrats
The Scottish Liberal Democrats is a political party in Scotland that is part of the British Liberal Democrats. The party's policies usually promote liberalism and progressivism as well as the continuing of Scotland as part of the United Kingdom.
In the Scottish Parliament, the party's leader is Willie Rennie and the party is an opposition party with 5 out of 129 seats. The party has 4 seat out of 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and 0 of the 6 Scottish seats in the European Parliament.
Scottish Green Party
The Scottish Green Party is a political party in Scotland that has close relations to the Green Party of England and Wales. The party's policies usually promote green politics, nuclear disarmament, anti-nuclear power, proportional representation, and the creation of an independent Scotland free from the United Kingdom but within the European Union. If Scotland becomes an independent country the party wants the country to be a republic, and no longer be part of the monarchy of the United Kingdom. It also wants an independent Scotland to have its own currency.
In the Scottish Parliament the party is an opposition party with 6 out of 129 seats, but has informal cooperation with the governing Scottish National Party. It does not have any seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The co-leaders of the party are Patrick Harvie MSP and Lorna Slater.
Pnictogen
The Group 15 elements, also called the pnictogens, Group V elements, or Group VB elements, are a group on the periodic table. They have many different properties. Nitrogen is a colorless unreactive gas that helps us breathe. Phosphorus is a super reactive white or red solid nonmetal. Arsenic is a highly toxic semimetal. Antimony is also a semimetal. Bismuth is a radioactive metal. Moscovium is a man made element that is radioactive. They all have 5 valence electrons but most of them form +5 or -3 chemical compounds.
Phosphonium
Phosphonium is an ion. It is rare. Its chemical formula is PH. It is similar to ammonium. It is almost never found outside of an organic compound. Its molar mass is 35.01 g/mol.
Phosphide
Phosphide is an ion. Its chemical formula is sometimes P. It does not always have that formula. It is a reducing agent. Phosphides (chemical compounds having the phosphide ion in them) react with acids to make phosphine gas. Sodium phosphide is an example. Some phosphides are semiconductors and are not ionic with P ions. They are less reactive. Some metals form alloys with phosphorus to make phosphides. If it is ionic, then the phosphorus is in the -3 oxidation state.
Sodium phosphide
Sodium phosphide is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and phosphide ions. Its chemical formula is NaP.
Sodium phosphide is a black solid. It is ionic. There are several other sodium phosphides that do not have the formula NaP. It reacts with acids to make phosphine gas. It is a reducing agent.
It can be made by reacting liquid sodium with phosphorus(V) chloride. It can also be made by reacting sodium with phosphorus.
It is used to make semiconductors. It can also be used as a catalyst.
Sodium phosphide is flammable, making toxic gases when burned. It also makes toxic flammable gases when reacted with acids.
Phosphorus(V) chloride
Phosphorus(V) chloride, also known as phosphorus pentachloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PCl. It contains phosphorus and chloride ions. The phosphorus is in the +5 oxidation state.
Phosphorus(V) chloride is a colorless solid. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides. Sometimes it is yellowish. It reacts with hot water to make phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
It is made by reacting a lot of chlorine with phosphorus. It can also be made by reacting chlorine with phosphorus(III) chloride.
Phosphorus(V) chloride is used to add chloride to other chemical compounds.
Phosphorus(V) chloride is acidic and toxic. It puts off toxic gases when reacted with water.
Phosphorus chloride
Phosphorus chloride can refer to either of these chemical compounds:
Fly agaric
Fly agaric ("Amanita muscaria") is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus "Amanita". Native throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, "Amanita muscaria" has been unintentionally introduced to many countries in the southern hemisphere, generally as a symbiont with pine plantations, and is now a true cosmopolitan species. The quintessential toadstool, it is a large white-gilled, white-spotted, usually deep red mushroom, one of the most recognizable and widely encountered in popular culture. Although it is generally considered poisonous, deaths from its consumption are extremely rare, and it is eaten as a food in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America after parboiling. "Amanita muscaria" is noted for its hallucinogenic properties, with its main psychoactive constituent being the compound muscimol. It was used as an intoxicant and entheogen by the peoples of Siberia and has a religious significance in these cultures. There has been much speculation on traditional use of this mushroom as an intoxicant in places other than Siberia; however, such traditions are far less well documented.
Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff (born 14 December 1947) is an economist and politician. She was the 36th President of Brazil from 2011 until 2016.
In 2003, in the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, she was the minister of Mines and Energy. She became Lula's Chief of Staff in 2005, after her predecessor, José Dirceu, resigned because of charges of corruption. On 31 October 2010, Rousseff won 55% of the vote. Her main contender was José Serra who won 44%. Serra was the candidate of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party. On 1 January 2011, she became the first woman president of the country. In August 2016, she was impeached and removed from office.
She was against the military dictatorship that governed Brazil from 1964 to 1985. In January 1970 she was sent to prison for being a member of a Marxist group which had carried out bank robberies and murders. She was released after three years. She joined the Workers Party in 1986.
Rousseff was an important ally of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a labour activist who became President of Brazil. A left wing candidate, Lula was a popular president and Rousseff became his chosen successor. She won the 2010 Presidential election.