Mitlödi is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Mitlödi, Betschwanden, Braunwald, Elm, Engi, Haslen, Linthal, Luchsingen, Matt, Rüti, Schwanden, Schwändi and Sool merged into the new municipality of Glarus Süd.
Mollis
Mollis is a former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Nord and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Mühlehorn
Mühlehorn is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municpalities of Mühlehorn, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Näfels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Näfels
Näfels is a former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Nord and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Netstal
Netstal is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, Netstal is part of the municipality of Glarus.
Niederurnen
Niederurnen is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in the country of Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Niederurnen, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Oberurnen
Oberurnen is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Oberurnen, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Obstalden
Obstalden is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Obstalden, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen and Oberurnen merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord
Riedern
Riedern is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, Riedern is part of the municipality of Glarus.
Rüti, Glarus
Rüti was a municipality, in the new municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.
Schwanden, Glarus
Schwanden is a former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland. The lake Garichtisee can be reached by cable car.
Garichtisee
Garichtisee is a lake on Mettmenalp in the Canton of Glarus, Switzerland. It is above the municipality of Schwanden. The lake's area is .
Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Appenzell Ausserrhoden is a canton of Switzerland. Appenzell Ausserrhoden is in the northeast of Switzerland, next to the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Innerrhoden.
Settlement in Appenzell began in the 7th and the 8th century alongside the river Glatt. In 907 Herisau is mentioned for the first time, the canton (Appenzell: "abbatis cella") is named first in 1071.
The canton witnessed a number of battles, including the Battle of Vögelinsegg (1403) and the Battle at the Stoss (1405).
In 1513 Appenzell joined the Swiss confederation as the 13th canton. In 1597 the Protestant canton was divided for religious reasons from the former canton "Appenzell", with the Catholic Appenzell Innerrhoden being the other half.
From the 16th century onwards linen production was established little by little. Larger textile businesses established themselves, later diversifying into weaving and embroidery. The textile industry collapsed between 1920 and 1939.
In 1834 for the first time a constitution was adapted, undergoing reforms in 1876 and 1908. The construction of numerous railway lines between 1875 and 1913 helped the local industry and the population grew to a maximum of 57,973 people in 1910 (compared with 53,200 in 2001).
In 1934 Johannes Baumann was the first citizen from Appenzell Ausserrhoden to become a federal councilor. Women's right to vote was introduced in 1972 on a local level, but only in 1989 on a canton-wide level. In 1994 for the first time two women were elected into government. The open assembly ("Landsgemeinde") was abolished in 1997. The right of foreigners to vote is determined by each municipality.
The 20 municipalities are:
Appenzell (district)
Appenzell is a district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. The district of Appenzell contains part of the town "Appenzell", as well as Rinkenbach, Kau and Meistersrüte.
Corban, Switzerland
Corban is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Corban merged into the municipality of Val Terbi.
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Courchapoix
Courchapoix is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Courfaivre
Courfaivre is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Courfaivre, Bassecourt, Glovelier, Soulce and Undervelier merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.
Electric eel
The electric eel, "Electrophorus electricus", is a species of fish. It can weigh up to six pounds. It can give electric shocks of up to six hundred fifty watts of electricity. The animal uses these shocks both for hunting and to defend itself. It lives in the stagnant muddy river bottoms of the Orinoco and the Amazon, and uses low-voltage electric fields to find its prey.
The electric eel is an apex predator in the parts of South America where it lives. This means it usually has no enemies except other animals of its own species. It can kill animals larger than itself. Its electric organs evolved from muscles, and make up four fifths of its body.
Despite its name, the electric eel is not an eel. It is a knifefish. It is an obligatory air breather (must breath air). This makes sense, because the muddy water is very low in oxygen, and it needs oxygen to power its electric organs.
Because they can shock, very few of these fish are kept as pets. But if the eel repeatedly shocks, its electric organs become completely discharged. Then a person can touch it without being shocked.
Gymnotiformes
The Gymnotiformes is a lineage of electric fishes. Common names include the Neotropical electric fishes, South American electric fishes, or American knifefishes. They are primarily freshwater inhabitants. They have organs adapted to the generation of electric fields.
Perhaps the best-known species is the electric eel ("Electrophorus electricus") which uses powerful electric shocks (up to 600 V) for hunting and self-defense. Other species familiar in the aquarium trade are: the black ghost knifefish ("Apteronotus albifrons"), the glass knifefish ("Eigenmannia virescens"), and the banded knifefish "Gymnotus carapo".
Electric fish
An electric fish is a fish that can make electric fields. Many fish (sharks, rays, and catfish) can detect electric fields: they are 'electroreceptive'. They cannot make electric fields, and are not called electric fish.
Electric fish have a special organ that makes electricity. This organ is called an electric organ. It is usually near the tail of the fish. It is made from specialised muscle or nerve cells. When the organ releases electricity this is called an "electric organ discharge" (or "EOD" for short).
Based on the strength of the EOD, the electrogenic fish are two types:
In total, there are 348 known species of electric fish, in about 56 genera. The only known species that lives in salt water are the electric rays, with 23 species.
Sergeant
Sergeant is a rank used in most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. The word comes from the Latin "serviens", "one who serves", through the French term "Sergent".
A sergeant (Sgt) in the British Army wears three point-down chevrons, or "checks" on their sleeve. They usually serves as a platoon, troop, or group sergeant, or in a specialist position.