Reggaeton is a form of urban music that first became popular with Latin American youths in the early 1990s. Reggaeton's predecessor originated in Panama as Reggae en Español. After the music's gradual exposure in Puerto Rico, it eventually evolved into reggaeton. It blends British West reggae and dancehall with Latin American genres, as well as hip hop. Modern reggaeton beats follow the structure of the Dem Bow Riddim, a beat created by Jamaican producers Steely & Clevie in the late 80s and early 90s. However, over the years, it has been losing every noticeable similarity with its original reggae origins.
First Kashmir War
The India-Pakistan War of 1947-48 is also known as the First Kashmir War. It was fought between the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan over the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948.
This was the first of four wars fought between the two newly independent nations. The result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both the countries. The result of the war was inconclusive. However, neutral assessments seem to agree that India was the victor of the war because it was able to successfully defend about two-thirds of the Kashmir, including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani Fight of 1965 was a war that took place between April 1965 and 23 September 1965 between Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This conflict became known as the Second Kashmir War. Both countries fought over the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir. The first Kashmir War took place in 1947. The war began after Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar. In this operation, Pakistan wanted to bring forces into Indian-held Jammu and Kashmir to conquer the area of Kashmir ruled by India. The five-week war caused thousands of deaths on both sides. It ended when India asked the United Nations (UN) for ceasefire.
The war was fought on the western front after Pakistan launched "Operation Gibraltar" - a covert offensive in which up to 30,000 fighters were pushed across the ceasefire line into Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. India retaliated by crossing the international border at Lahore.At midnight on 6 September, India crossed the international border between India and Pakistan and attacked Lahore and Kasur. The Pakistan Army and Air Force prepared for war in a hurry and started attacks on India. The attacks also started in the areas of Jammu and Kashmir. The war was fought on the border until 22 September when India asked for ceasefire. On 8 September, Pakistani pilot Muhammad Mahmood Alam (M.M.Alam) shot down five Indian jets in less than a minute and held the record. Pakistan very small army defended it's second largest city against a huge indian army.
The war affected a lot of people and the thousands of Indian families had to leave their house and belongings and move to safer areas.
It has been a real confusion on who won the war. Both nations believe it has been won by them but no one is sure who really won the war.
Some Indians believe they won the war they occupied 690 sq km while Pakistan occupied 250 sq km in Kashmir and Rajasthan. The Indian army killed 3,800 Pakistanis and Pakistan army killed 3,000 Indian soldiers.
Most Pakistanis believe that Pakistan was victorious because Indian Army accepted defeat and asked the United Nations for ceasefire. The Pakistan Air Force is praised for its performance as it destroyed between 90 and 105 IAF aircraft while it lost 19-20 of its own. In Pakistan, it is celebrated as a public holiday known as Defense Day on 6 September.
Nusrat Bhutto
Begum Nusrat Bhutto (, , March 23, 1929 – October 23, 2011) was an Iranian-Pakistani who was the former First Lady of Pakistan and widow of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She became her husband's successor as the chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from 1979 to 1983. The couple had four children: PPP chairman and the first and only female Pakistani Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), Murtaza Bhutto (1954-1996), Sanam Bhutto (born 1957) and Shahnawaz Bhutto (1958-1985). She died on October 23, 2011.
Japan studies
Japanese studies (or Japanology) is a term generally used to describe the historical and cultural study of Japan. In North America, the academic field is usually referred to as Japanese studies. The term "Japanology" is more often used in Europe.
Japanology is the study of many subjects, including
The roots of Japanology begin with the Dutch at Dejima, Nagasaki in the Edo period.
Japanology was encouraged by the Asiatic Society of Japan at Yokohama which was established in 1872.
Blind Fool Love
Blind Fool Love is a post-hardcore Italian band, made in Toscana, Italy in 2005. In 2007 the band released their first demo, followed by the EP "Il pianto" in May 2011. The first studio album is called "La strage di Cupido" and was released in September 27, 2011, by Sony Music.
Codelco
Codelco-Chile () is a state mining company in Chile that uses and exploits copper.
It was founded in 1955 like the "Copper Office". In 1966, under President Eduardo Frei Montalva, the Copper Office changes the name to "Copper Corporation of Chile (Codelco)". It was nationalized on July 11, 1971 under Salvador Allende. In 1976 was created the "Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile" under the Augusto Pinochet administration.
Considering the size of installations and volume of production, it is considered one of the largest mining companies in the world.
Planet Dinosaur
Planet Dinosaur is a six-part documentary television series produced by the BBC, narrated by John Hurt, first aired in the United Kingdom in 2011, produced by VFX studio Jellyfish Pictures. It is the first major dinosaur-related series for BBC One since "Walking with Dinosaurs". There are more than 50 different prehistoric species featured, and they and their environments were created entirely as computer-generated images, for only a third of the production cost that was needed a decade earlier for "Walking with Dinosaurs". By the time the third episode aired, the companion book to the series was released accompany it. The DVD will be released after the series finishes.
CBBC aired a spin-off, "Planet Dinosaur Files", from 29 September, 2011, hosted by Jem Stansfield. Each episode compares three Mesozoic creatures and involves practical tests to replicate certain behaviours in an attempt to find out which creature holds a certain title, such as the "most powerful" theropod.
Tom Sutcliffe in the "Independent" found that it was visually "polished and jazzed up" but that the "knowledge and science generally take second place to B-movie spectacle".
Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act
On July 28, 2011, the United States House Judiciary Committee passed the Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011 (HR 1981). The bill passed by a vote of 19-10. Next the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives. Some people are against this bill because it gives a lot of access to personal information. Some people have said that the bill will not become a law, but the Congressional Budget Office put out a report on October 12, 2011, with the cost of making the changes in the bill. The next step is that the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives.
On May 25, 2011, Representative Lamar Smith of Texas introduced the bill. It was co-sponsored by 25 other Representatives of the House. On July 28, 2011 the bill was passed by the House Judiciary Committee. It has to go through more approvals before it becomes a law.
The purpose of the bill is to protect children. The bill would give the police more access to information in order to find and catch people who make and/or distribute child pornography.