Minnetonka is the fourteenth largest city in Minnesota. It has a population of 51,480 as of the 2000 census. It is located in Hennepin County, eight miles west of Minneapolis.Ecclesiastical polity
Ecclesiastical polity is the operational and governance structure of a church or Christian denomination. It also denotes the ministerial structure of the church and the authority relationships between churches. Polity is closely related to Ecclesiology, the study of doctrine and theology relating to church organization.
Building material
Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, sand, wood and rocks, even twigs and leaves have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic.
Bricks are man-made, and so is plaster, concrete, stucco and many other materials. However, they are usually still made out of natural materials, bricks being a good example. They are based on clay. Steel is based on natural types of iron.
One example of a man-made imitation is scagliola, which can imitate more expensive natural materials such as marble.
Leone Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (February 18, 1404 – April 25, 1472) was an Italian author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer, and general Renaissance humanist polymath. In Italy, this first name is usually spelled ""Leone"", but Alberti is known as Leon. Alberti's life was described in Giorgio Vasari's "Vite".
Alberti is often seen as a model of the Renaissance "universal man“.-
He was born in Genoa, because the Albertis had been expelled from their native city, Florence.
When he was a child the family moved to Venice.
In 1428 Leon visited Florence at first time.
Bernardo Rossellino
Bernardo di Matteo Gamberelli (1409–1464), better known as Bernardo Rossellino, was an Italian Florentine sculptor and architect, the elder brother of the sculptor Antonio Rossellino. He was part of the second generation of Renaissance artists and had helped further define the new change in art style.
He had worked to rebuild Pienza from a village called Corsignano.
Greek cross
The Greek cross is used especially by Eastern Orthodoxy and Early Christianity. It is also known as the crux immissa quadrata. It has all arms of equal length. Often the arms curve wider as they go out.
Pumice
Pumice is a term for a lightweight volcanic rock.
It is a solidified frothy lava, created when highly-heated, pressured molten rock is shot out from a volcano. Its light weight is due to air spaces, which are caused by fast cooling and loss of pressure. The loss of pressure makes bubbles by lowering the boiling point of the lava (like the bubble-creation when a carbonated drink is opened). The cooling then freezes the bubbles in the matrix.
Most famously, pumice stone has been used as a skin-scraper. It is used in pedicure to remove excess skin from the bottom of the foot, and on calluses (tough areas of skin).
It has also been used to make lightweight blocks for building, and as a powdered ingredient in polishing.
Giuliano da Sangallo
Giuliano da Sangallo (c. 1443 – 1516) was an Italian sculptor, architect and military engineer active during the Italian Renaissance.
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, born Antonio Cordiani (April 12, 1484 - August 3, 1546) was an Italian architect active during the Italian Renaissance.
Giulio Romano
Giulio Romano (c. 1499 – November 1, 1546) was an Italian painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael. His differences from high Renaissance classicism help define the 16th century style known as Mannerism.
Carlo Maderno
Carlo Maderno (1556 - January 30, 1629) was an Italian-Swiss architect, born in Ticino. He is remembered as one of the fathers of Baroque architecture. His façades of Santa Susanna, St. Peter's Basilica and Sant'Andrea della Valle were important in the evolution of the Italian Baroque. He is often referred to as the brother of sculptor Stefano Maderno, but this is not universally agreed upon.
Giacomo della Porta
Giacomo della Porta (c. 1533 – 1602) was an Italian architect and sculptor, who worked for many important buildings in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica.
Domenico Fontana
Domenico Fontana (1543 – June 28 1607) was a Swiss-born Italian architect of the late Renaissance.
Travertine
Travertine is a terrestrial sedimentary rock. It is a natural chemical precipitate of carbonate minerals; aragonite or calcite. This happens from solution in ground and surface waters, and/or geothermally heated hot-springs. Similar (but extremely porous) deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.
The Colosseum built by the Romans, was made of travertine.
Agostino Cornacchini
Agostino Cornacchini (August 27, 1686-1754) was an Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period, active mainly in Rome.
Alabaster
Alabaster is a name applied to varieties of two distinct minerals. Gypsum is a hydrous sulfate of calcium, and calcite is a carbonate of calcium. Gypsum is the alabaster of the present day; calcite is generally the alabaster of the ancients. Both are easy to work. They are attractive to look at. Both have been used for making a variety of artworks and objects, especially small carvings.
The two kinds are easy to tell apart. One is harder than the other. Calcite is hard (Mohs hardness 3). Gypsum is soft (Mohs hardness 1.5 to 2). It can be easily scratched by a fingernail. Also, calcite effervesces when it is treated with hydrochloric acid. Gypsum does not.
Information security
Information security is about protecting information so that people who should not have access to it cannot distribute, see, change, or delete it. Although this has a lot in common with computer security, information risk management and information assurance, it is different from them. For example, computer security can focus on making sure that the computer is available when it is needed and that it works correctly but may not have anything to do with the data that it stores.
Information security has to do with the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data in any form e.g. electronic, print, or other forms. Organizations, including governments, private businesses and others have much information stored and processed on computers. Data that is lost or released to the wrong people or that is not properly secured could lead to legal and ethical problems for the organisation.
For an individual person, information security has a big effect on privacy, which is viewed very differently by people in different cultures.
San Pietro in Montorio
San Pietro in Montorio is a church in Rome, which includes in its courtyard "The Tempietto" (a small commemorative martyrium) built by Donato Bramante.
The "Tempietto of San Pietro in Montorio" is a small commemorative martyrium built by Donato Bramante, possibly as early as 1502, in the courtyard of "San Pietro in Montorio". It is considered a masterpiece of High Renaissance architecture.
Helena, mother of Constantine I
Flavia Julia Helena (; AD c. ), or Saint Helena was Constantine the Great's mother and a Roman empress (). Helena was a wife or concubine of Constantius I before he became a Roman emperor. In Christianity, Helena is a saint because Christian historians during Late Antiquity wrote that she found the relics of the True Cross in Jerusalem. Helena's tomb was the Mausoleum of Helena outside Rome.
Saint Longinus