After this work at Fremantle Hospital, Marshall did research at Royal Perth Hospital (1985-86) and at the University of Virginia, USA (1986-1996), before going back to Australia. He held a Burnet Fellowship at the University of Western Australia from 1998-2003. He is still looking at "H. pylori" and runs the H.pylori Research Laboratory at UWA.
In 2005, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm gave the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Marshall and Dr. Warren for finding the bacterium "Helicobacter pylori" and its part in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
Marshall was given other awards including:
He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007.
Diglossia
Diglossia is when a group of people have two languages or dialects that they use. One is the common language they use every day, and the other is either a much older version from centuries before (for example, Arabic or Chinese) or a similar but clearly different modern-day version (for example, Norwegian with Bokmål and Nynorsk).
Mutual intelligibility
Mutual intelligibility is where the speakers of one language can understand another language because they are alike. This is sometimes (but not always) used to decide whether they are different languages or different dialects.
There are noticeable differences in accent, vocabulary, and spelling between British and General American English, but speakers can largely understand each other without serious problems. These dialects are therefore mutually intelligible.
Sometimes, even different languages can be mutually intelligible.Hindi and Urdu are called different languages, but speakers of both languages can largely understand each other if they are using everyday language. This is because the two languages used to be dialects of Hindustani, the official language of British India until India became independent. Since the two languages are so alike, they are sometimes called together as Hindi-Urdu.
Also, dialects of a certain language can sometimes be mutually unintelligible. Chinese, for example, has hundreds of different dialects, and many native speakers of those dialects cannot understand each other without knowing the other's dialect. For example, the local dialects of Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong are Mandarin, Shanghainese/Wu Chinese, and Cantonese/Yue in that same order. If natives from each of these cities were to talk to each other in their native dialects, they would not understand each other. This is because they are too different from each other. This is why the governments of China and Taiwan want their citizens to speak Standard Mandarin in public so that there can be a spoken dialect of Chinese everyone can understand. While the spoken dialects are mutually unintelligible, they all use the same written code, Chinese characters, so they can understand each other if they write to each other.
These examples above show that the difference between language and dialect is often hard to define, even for linguists, or people who study languages as their job.
When a speaker of one language can understand what a speaker of another language is saying but not the other way around, it is called asymmetric intelligibility. An example of of this is Portuguese and Spanish. While Portuguese speakers say they can understand Spanish without major problems, Spanish speakers, on the other hand, have a very difficult time understanding Portuguese speakers. This situation is actually quite common across languages.
Indian Harbour Beach, Florida
Indian Harbour Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Indian Rocks Beach, Florida
Indian Rocks Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Inverness, Florida
Inverness is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Citrus County
Islandia, Florida
Islandia is a (currently unincorporated) city of Florida in the United States.
Jacksonville Beach, Florida
Jacksonville Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Jacob City, Florida
Jacob City is a city of Florida in the United States.
Jasper, Florida
Jasper is the county seat of Hamilton County, Florida in the United States.
Key Colony Beach, Florida
Key Colony Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Keystone Heights, Florida
Keystone Heights is a city of Florida in the United States.
Kissimmee, Florida
Kissimmee is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Osceola County.
La Belle, Florida
La Belle is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Hendry County.
Lake Alfred, Florida
Lake Alfred is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake Buena Vista is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. It is mostly known for being home to the Walt Disney World Resort. It is one of two Florida municipalities controlled by The Walt Disney Company. The other city is Bay Lake.
Lake Buena Vista is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lake Buena Vista is within Orange County Public Schools.
Lake Butler, Union County, Florida
Lake Butler, Union County is a city of Florida in the United States. Lake Butler is the county seat of Union County and is also the largest city in the county.
Lake City, Florida
Lake City is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Columbia County.
Lake Helen, Florida
Lake Helen is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lake Mary, Florida
Lake Mary is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lake Wales, Florida
Lake Wales is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States. 10,194 lived there in the year 2000. As of 2004, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that 11,802 live there . Lake Wales is in central Florida, west of Lake Kissimmee and east of Tampa.
Lake Worth, Florida
Lake Worth is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lakeland, Florida
Lakeland is a city of Florida in the United States.
Largo, Florida
Largo is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lauderdale Lakes, Florida
Lauderdale Lakes is a city of Florida in the United States.
Laurel Hill, Florida
Laurel Hill is a city of Florida in the United States. It was once one of the first English-speaking places in Florida.
Lawtey, Florida
Lawtey is a city of Florida in the United States.
Layton, Florida
Layton is a city of Florida in the United States.
Leesburg, Florida
Leesburg is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lighthouse Point, Florida
Lighthouse Point is a city of Florida in the United States.
Live Oak, Florida
Live Oak is a city of Florida in the United States.
Longwood, Florida
Longwood is a city of Florida in the United States.
Lynn Haven, Florida
Lynn Haven is a city of Florida in the United States.
Macclenny, Florida
Macclenny is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Baker County.
Madeira Beach, Florida
Madeira Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Madison, Florida
Madison is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Madison County.
Maitland, Florida
Maitland is a city of Florida in the United States.
Marathon, Florida
Marathon is a city of Florida in the United States. It is on Knight's Key, Boot Key, Key Vaca, Fat Deer Key, Long Point Key, Crawl Key and Grassy Key islands in the middle Florida Keys, in Monroe County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 10,255. As of 2005, the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 10,626.
The name "Marathon" started with the building of the Florida East Coast Railroad. The railroad workers were working night and day to complete the railway. Many of the workers complained that "this [the project] is getting to be a real Marathon". Later, the railroad named the closest station along the railroad "Marathon".
The city has a total area of , of which is land and (10.37%) is water. The city limits extend 1200 feet from land into the adjacent waters.
Boot Key Harbor is a natural body of water between Boot Key and Key Vaca, entirely within the Marathon city limits.