Not all states within the geographical region are part of the European Union, although member states are in the majority. Non-member states are marked with an asterisk (*). This currently includes all of the Asian border states.
Some of the smaller countries, marked (†), are represented indirectly in the EU by larger EU members.
Graphical projection
A graphical projection is a protocol by which an image of a three-dimensional object is projected onto a planar surface without the help of math.
List of cities in Romania
This is a list of cities in Romania, by population for the first section, and a complete listing in the second section:
William Wilberforce
William Wilberforce (24 August 1759–29 July 1833) was a British evangelical politician and philanthropist. He was a leader of the movement to end the slave trade.
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Flag of Romania
The flag of Romania is a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red. The colours stand for the three historical provinces of Romania. The current design was made official in 1994, but the flag has been used since 1989. The first design of the flag was in 1834, but the three colours date from the sixth century. It is very similar to the Flag of Chad.
Coat of arms of Romania
The Coat of arms of Romania is the coat of arms that has been adopted by the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992. The design for it came from the coat of arms that the Kingdom of Romania created back in 1922. It displays a golden aquila that is holding a cross in its beak. It also shows a mace and a sword in its claws. It contains the three colors of the Flag of Romania: red, yellow, and blue.
Sighişoara
Sighişoara is a city and municipality in Mureş County, Romania. It is on the Târnava Mare River. Sighişoara had a population of 28.102 people as of 2011.
Treaty of Berlin
The name Treaty of Berlin can be any of the following treaties:
Athens
Athens is the capital city of Greece and the most important financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural center of the country. It is one of the most famous cities in the world. It is also one of the world's oldest cities. Scholars disagree on whether the city is named for the goddess Athena, or the goddess for the city. Athens has a population of about 4 million people and is growing. It is in the prefecture, or division of the country, of Attica. Its port, Piraeus, is both the largest passenger port in Europe, and the second largest port in the world. Athens has a borderline cold semi-arid climate ("BSk" in the Köppen climate classification) and a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Köppen climate classification). The average rainfall is relatively low, due to the rain shadow from the Parnitha mountains. Frost is infrequent and snow does not occur every winter.
Athens was a powerful city in Classical times. It was known for the amount of learning that happened there. The city was home to Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum. The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, is the most famous of all its ancient monuments. It was built between 447 BC and 438 BC and its decoration continued until 431 BC. Athens had its own Constitution and it also created the world's first known democracy.
The city started to decline in 529, when the Emperor Justinian I closed its philosophical schools. The Parthenon was made a Christian church. That act saved it later from destruction of non Christian temples, in times of deep Theocracy.
The Ottoman Turks took control of Athens in 1458. The Turks made the Parthenon into a Muslim mosque. The Parthenon was later damaged in 1687 when gunpowder exploded inside it.
Athens was freed from the Turks during the Greek War of Independence (1821-1833). It was an unimportant little town then, but the Greeks made it their capital.
There are many museums in the city. Some of the most important ones are:
The Athens International airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" is the largest international airport in Greece and it opened in 2001.
The Athens Metro, inaugurated in January 2000, is the only metro system in Greece. It has a total of three lines. It is famous for many of its stations that feature works of art and displays of the archeological remains found during its construction.
The Athens Tram has a total length of 27 km and covers ten Athenian suburbs from Syntagma Square (the central square of Athens) to the southwestern part of the city. The tram network is still under construction as it will be extended toward the port of Piraeus.
The Attiki Odos is a modern motorway system that runs in the greater Athens metropolitan area and has a total length of 65 kilometres.
Athens has these sister cities:
Quechuas
Quechuas is the term used for several ethnic groups in¨South America that use a Quechua language (Southern Quechua mainly). They belong to several ethnic groups in South America, above all in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.
The Quechuas of Ecuador call themselves - as well as their language Kichwa - "Kichwas" or "Quichuas". The Kichwa-speaking group of Colombia are the Ingas.
Some (historic) Quechua peoples:
Members Church of God International
The Members Church of God International is a group of members of a Christian denomination with headquarters in the Philippines. Commonly known by their TV show "Ang Dating Daan" ("The Old Path"), they have million members and has thousands of locales worldwide. Currently, their presiding minister is Eliseo Soriano ang their vice presiding Minister is Daniel S. Razón. Eliseo Soriano is currently preaching in other countries. They reject the Roman Catholic belief about Trinity.
Viceroyalty of Perú
The Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, "Virreinato del Perú") was a Spanish colonial administrative district that was created in 1542 and originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America. It was governed from the capital of Lima.
In 1542, the Spanish created the Viceroyalty of New Castilla, that shortly afterwards would be called the Viceroyalty of Peru. In 1544, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain) named "Blasco Núñez Vela" Peru's first viceroy, but the viceroyalty was not organized until the arrival of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo in 1572.
Francisco de Toledo, "one of the great administrators of human times", established the Inquisition and created laws that applied to both Indians and Spanish alike. So he broke the power of the encomenderos and reduced the old system of forced native labor. He improved the safety in the viceroyalty with fortifications, bridges and "la Armada del Mar del Sur" (the Southern Fleet) against the pirates.
The Amazon basin and some large regions nearby had been considered Spanish territory since the Treaty of Tordesillas. But this treaty meant not much during the time Spain controlled Portugal (1580 - 1640).
The first Jesuit reduction to convert and "civilize" the Indigenous population was founded in 1609, but some areas were occupied by Brazilians as Bandeirantes gradually extended their activities throughout much of the basin and adjoining Matto Grosso in the 17th and 18th centuries. These groups had the advantage of remote geography and river access from the mouth of the Amazon (which was in Portuguese territory) making it impossible for the Spanish authorities to control them. One famous attack upon a Spanish mission in 1628 resulted in the enslavement of 60 000 indigenous people. In fact as time passed they were used as a self funding occupation force by the Portuguese authorities in what was effectively a low level war of territorial conquest. Finally the reality of the situation was recognized with the transfer of sovereignty over the much of the basin and surrounding areas to Portugal in the 1750 Treaty of Madrid.
Vilcabamba, Peru
Vilcabamba was founded by Manco Inca in 1539 and was the last city of the Inca Empire until it fell to the Spaniards in 1572. That meant the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule.