Aside from the aforementioned cities, Leuven has friendly relations with:
Leuze-en-Hainaut
Leuze-en-Hainaut is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 13300 people lived there.
It is at 50° 36 North, 03° 37 East.
Libin
Libin is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 4655 people lived there.
It is at 49° 58 North, 05° 15 East.
Libramont-Chevigny
Libramont-Chevigny is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 9981 people lived there.
It is at 49° 55 North, 05° 22 East.
Lichtervelde
Lichtervelde is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 8438 people lived there.
It is at 51° 01 North, 03° 08 East.
Liedekerke
Liedekerke is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 12119 people lived there.
It is at 50° 52 North, 04° 05 East.
Karyotype
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryote cell. The term is also used of the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism. It describes the number of chromosomes, and what they look like under a light microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics (cytology and genetics).
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic (body) cells of an individual or a species is called the "somatic number" and is designated "2n". Thus, in humans 2n = 46. In the sex cells the chromosome number is "n" (humans: n = 23).
So, in normal diploid organisms, chromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes. Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies. The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as "karyology".
The chromosomes are depicted (by rearranging a microphotograph) in a standard format known as a "karyogram" or "idiogram": in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. This may be used for many purposes; such as, to show genetic disease, what sex the animal is and its diploid number. In humans, cytologists have used karyotypes to help identify genetic abnormalities a baby might have before it is born.
Karyotypes may be studied to gather information about past evolutionary events, such as polyploidy.
Liège
Liège ( , , ; ; ; ; ) is a city in Belgium. It is the cultural centre of the Walloon region of Belgium and the capital of the province of Liège. Liège is also seat of a Roman Catholic bishop. In 2007, 188,907 people lived there.
It is at 50° 38 North, 05° 34 East.
The first written trace of the city was found in 558 as "Leodicum" or "Vicus Leodicus". From 717, Liege was made the seat of a bishopric and became a cultural centre in the Middle Ages. These bishops ruled the city as Prince-Bishops until the 1790s. In the French Revolution, the cathedral was damaged, partially burned down and then completely detroyed. In the 19th century, the city lived on coal-mining, steel industry and trade. The region was the second biggest economic center in Europe after the UK in the 19th century.
Today Liege is a major educational hub, with a university and many high schools. It is a crossing point in Europe, Liège has the second biggest inner harbour and the 8th biggest cargo airport in Europe (Liège Airport). The city, that had a lot of problems since the 1970s because of the end of the steel industry and coal-mining, is now having a good economy thanks to the logistics and high tech industry (biotechnology, space industry, IT).
Lier
Lier is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 33,259 people lived there.
It is at 51° 07 North, 04° 34 East.
Lierde
Lierde is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 6454 people lived there.
It is at 50° 49 North, 03° 50 East.
Lierneux
Lierneux is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 3337 people lived there.
It is at 50° 17 North, 05° 47 East.
Lille (Belgium)
Lille is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 15628 people lived there.
It is at 51° 14 North, 04° 49 East.
Lincent
Lincent is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 3055 people lived there.
It is at 50° 42 North, 05° 01 East.
Linkebeek
Linkebeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 4710 people lived there.
It is at 50° 46 North, 04° 20 East.
Lint (Belgium)
Lint is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 8035 people lived there.
It is at 51° 07 North, 04° 29 East.
Linter
Linter is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 7038 people lived there.
It is at 50° 50 North, 05° 02 East.
Lo-Reninge
Lo-Reninge is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 3317 people lived there.
It is at 50° 58 North, 02° 45 East.
Lobbes
Lobbes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 5515 people lived there.
It is at 50° 20 North, 04° 16 East.
Lochristi
Lochristi is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 20395 people lived there. It is at 51° 05 North, 03° 50 East.
Lokeren
Lokeren is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 38276 people lived there.
It is at 51° 06 North, 03° 59 East.
Lommel
Lommel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 32141 people lived there.
It is at 51° 13 North, 05° 18 East.
Londerzeel
Londerzeel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 17452 people lived there.
It is at 51° 00 North, 04° 18 East.
Idomeneo
Idomeneo is an opera seria with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto (words) are in Italian and were written by Giambattista Varesco. He based it on a French text by Antoine Danchet. In 1780 Mozart and Varesco were asked by the Elector of Bavaria to write an opera for a court carnival.
"Idomeneo" was first performed in Munich on 29 January 1781. Mozart was only 24 years old. It was the first of his great operas.
Mozart wrote three different types of opera: " Idomeneo" is an opera seria (serious opera). These were written in Italian, and are about serious, dramatic stories, often stories from Ancient Greece or Rome. "La Clemenza di Tito" is also an opera seria. "Don Giovanni" is an example of a mixture of comic and serious opera, while "The Magic Flute" is a German opera in the Singspiel tradition.
"Idomeneo" has traditional recitatives and arias. The choruses, marches, and ballets were very much like French opera tradition. Mozart was inspired by the operas of Gluck.
The story, based on an Ancient Greek story, takes place on the Island of Crete, shortly after the Trojan War. Ilia is the daughter of the Trojan King Priam who has lost the war. Ilia has been taken to Crete. She loves Prince Idamante, son of the Cretan King Idomeneo, but does not want to tell him about her love for him. Idamante is kind and frees the Trojan prisoners. He tells Ilia that it is not his fault that their fathers were enemies. The Trojans and Cretans (people from Crete) both welcome the return of peace, but Electra, daughter of the Greek King Agamemnon is jealous of Ilia. She is annoyed that Idamante had been kind and let the prisoners free. Arbace, the king's trusted friend, brings news that Idomeneo has been drowned at sea while returning to Crete from Troy. Electra, worried that Ilia, a Trojan, soon will be Queen of Crete, feels the furies of Hades tormenting her.