Such schemes may hide their pyramid nature by calling themselves as "gifting circles" with money being "gifted." The eight passengers must each pay (or "gift") a sum (e.g. $1,000) to join the scheme. This total of $8,000 goes to the captain who leaves the scheme. Everyone remaining moves up one level. There are now two new captains so the group splits in two with each group requiring eight new passengers. A person who joins the scheme as a passenger will not get any money until they advance through the crew and co-pilot levels to captain. Therefore, the participants in the bottom 3 tiers of the pyramid lose their money if the scheme collapses. Popular schemes such as the "Women Empowering Women" do this.
The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales
The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales is a children's book by Jon Scieszka. It was published in 1992 by Viking. It is a collection of stories which make fun of famous children's stories and fairy tales, such as "Chicken Licken", "The Gingerbread Man" (changed to The Stinky Cheese Man of the title), "The Ugly Duckling", and others. It was illustrated by Lane Smith, who won the Caldecott Honor for his illustrations. This book also won the New York Times Best Illustrated Book award, among numerous awards in many countries.
The book was also re-released in a new edition in 2002 to celebrate its tenth anniversary. This new edition also included a story which had been listed in the Table of Contents of the previous editions, but had not appeared anywhere in the book. This story was printed on the back of the dust jacket.
Palestine at the Olympics
Palestine at the Olympics is a history which includes 5 games in 5 countries and 10+ athletes. Since 1996, Palestine (PLE) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
Palestine has been at the Summer Olympics since 1996. Since 1986 Palestine is part of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). Palestine has not won any Olympic medals.
São Paulo Museum of Art
The São Paulo Museum of Art is an art museum on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The museum opened in 1968.
Philippines at the Olympics
Philippines at the Olympics is a history which includes 23 games in 16 countries and 370+ athletes. Since 1911, the Philippines has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Philippines is PHI.
The Philippine National Olympic Committee was formed in 1911. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1929.
Philippines's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.
The team did not compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Filipino athletes have also been at the Winter Olympic Games three times after 1972, but not since 1994. The Philippines is the first nation in the tropics to be in the Winter Olympic Games.
Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He was born on 13 November 1850  and died on 3 December 1894.His parents were Thomas Stevenson, a and Margaret Isabella Balfour. He spent much of his childhood sick in bed with lung trouble. He studied law in Edinburgh University. But he turned his interest to writing. Some of his best known works are Treasure Island, Kidnapped and Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll.
Qatar at the Olympics
Qatar at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 7 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1979, Oman has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Qatar is QAT.
The Qatar Olympic Committee was formed in 1979 and recognized by the IOC in 1980.
Teams from Qatar have taken part in the Summer Olympic Games but not the Winter Olympic Games.
After the 2008 Summer Olympics, Qatar was, along with Saudi Arabia and Brunei, one of only three countries to never send a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 said it would "press" these countries to have women's participate. Then the Qatar Olympic Committee said it "hoped to send up to four female athletes in shooting and fencing" to the 2012 Summer Games in London.
The Westing Game
The Westing Game is a mystery novel written by Ellen Raskin. It was published in 1978 and it won the Newbery Medal in 1979. It was made into a movie which was released in 1997. This movie was released under both the names "The Westing Game" and "Get a Clue".
Selous' zebra
The Selous' zebra ("Equus quagga borensis") is one of the six subspecies of the plains zebra ("Equus quagga"). Selous' Zebra is a critically endangered species. These are often confused with the Damaraland zebras ("Equus quagga antiquorum"), and the Chapman Zebra ("Equus quagga chapmani"). The Selous' Zebra's belly is partly striped and they have clean black and white banding. They do not have the brown shadow stripes of the Chapman Zebra.
Selous's Zebra lives in the northwest of Kenya, parts of Uganda, and the southeast of Sudan.
Saudi Arabia at the Olympics
Saudi Arabia has been in eight Summer Olympic Games. They first were in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.
By Saudi Arabian law, women cannot be in the Olympic Games. However, the International Olympic Committee is reportedly pressuring the Saudi Olympic Committee to send female athletes to the 2012 Summer Olympics. Others want Saudi Arabia to not be in the Olympics unless they let women in.
The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee was formed in 1964 and recognized in 1965.
BMW in Formula One
BMW has been in Formula One since the beginning of the World Drivers' Championship in . BMW entered several races in the 1950s and 1960s. Often, they ran using the Formula Two rules. In the 1980s, they built the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine. This engine was built for the Brabham team. Nelson Piquet won the championship driving a Brabham-BMW. BMW also supplied the M12/13 engine to the ATS, Arrows, Benetton and Ligier teams. In , Brabham left F1 for the season, and BMW stopped its official backing of the engines. Arrows still used the engine with the Megatron name. When Formula One banned turbocharged engines in , the M12/13 could no longer be used.
BMW returned to Formula One in . They made a deal to supply engines to only the Williams team. The engine was a new V10 engine. The engine deal with Williams ended after the season. BMW then bought the rival Sauber team. The BMW Sauber project lasted from until . Sauber, a former privateer team, became more competitive. In , Robert Kubica won the team's only race, the Canadian Grand Prix, with Nick Heidfeld finishing second. After the 2009 season, BMW withdrew from F1. They sold the team back to its founder, Peter Sauber.
The early years of the World Drivers' Championship saw private BMW racing cars, based on the pre-war BMW 328 chassis. They were entered in the German Grands Prix in and . A modified 328 with a rear engine became standard in Formula One in the early 1960s. It was known as the "Heck", the German automotive term for "back" or "rear". This design later found success with the Cooper team.
In German Grand Prix, BMW entered Hubert Hahne in a Lola chassis powered by an larger BMW engine, and David Hobbs in the Lola with the standard smaller BMW engine. For the German Grand Prix, Hahne returned and finished tenth, BMW's best result in Formula One to that date. BMW then entered three of its own 269 F2 chassis for the German Grand Prix for Hahne, Gerhard Mitter and Dieter Quester. Mitter was killed in a practice accident. The remaining BMW team withdrew from the race. BMW left F1 for a number of years.