Islam was the guiding force of the Caliphate. Any act of state was first to be approved by the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet Muhammed. If there were no such guide lines available then wisdom or Hikmat was used, after which if the act would go against the established principals, norms,system etc. it was not carried on with.
Notes
United States Secretary of the Treasury
The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury. The Secretary is concerned with "finance and monetary matters", and, until 2003, some issues of "national security and defense". This position in the Federal Government of the United States is similar to the finance ministers of other nations.
From the U.S. Department of the Treasury website:
Note: Robert Morris was the first person appointed Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington, but Morris declined this office; thus the 1st Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton - appointed at Morris's suggestion. Morris had held a similar position as Superintendent of Finance under the Continental Congress. From Morris's 1784 resignation until 1789, the young union's finances were overseen by a three-member Treasury Board. <br>
(1)
Status
African penguin
The African penguin ("Spheniscus demersus"), also known as the Black-footed or Jackass penguin, is found on the south-western coast of Africa. It lives in colonies on 24 islands between Namibia and Algoa Bay, near Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The largest colony on Dyer Island, near Kleinbaai. Two colonies were established by penguins in the 1980s on the mainland near Cape Town at Boulders Beach near Simon's Town and Stony Point in Betty's Bay. Mainland colonies probably only became possible in recent times due to fewer predators, although the Betty's Bay colony has been attacked by leopards. The only other mainland colony is in Namibia, but it is not known when this was established.
The African penguin may live up to 20 years. It grows up to 65 cm tall and weighs up to 3 kg. They eat fish, crabs and squids. The breeding time is 38 days.
Boulders Beach is a tourist attraction, for the beach, swimming and the penguins. The penguins will allow people to approach them as close as a meter (three ft).
The closest relatives of the African Penguins are the Humboldt and Magellanic penguins found in southern South America and the Galápagos Penguin found in the Pacific Ocean near the equator.
United States Department of the Treasury
The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department and the treasury of the United States government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue. The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton. He almost single-handedly worked out the nation's early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washington's administration as well. His statue still stands outside the Treasury building.
Loose (album)
Loose is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released on 9 June 2006. It is her most successful album, selling more than 8 million copies worldwide. The hip-hop producer Timbaland helped Furtado recording this CD. It featured many hits including the U.S. number-one singles "Promiscuous" and "Say It Right" and the European hit "All Good Things (Come to an End)".
All lyrics written by Nelly Furtado, except "Promiscuous" (lyrics written by Tim "Attitude" Clayton, Furtado and Tim Mosley) and "Maneater" (lyrics written by Furtado with additional lyrics by Jim Beanz).
All Good Things (Come to an End)
"All Good Things (Come to an End)" is a pop song by the Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released at the end of 2006. It hit number-one in the European charts.
Puklice
Puklice is a village in the Jihlava District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 760 people live there. It covers 10,92 km². Puklice was first documented in 1318.
Gump Worsley
Lorne John "Gump" Worsley (May 14, 1929 in Montreal, Quebec – January 26, 2007 in Beloeil, Quebec) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Born and raised in Montreal, he was given his nickname due to friends deciding he looked like comic-strip character Andy Gump. He died of a heart attack.
Michel Larocque
Michel 'Bunny' Larocque (April 6, 1952 - July 29, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, and St. Louis Blues in the National Hockey League.
Larocque would help win four Vezina Trophies. During that time, the trophy was given to the main goaltenders on the team allowing the fewest goals in the regular season. The first three were mostly because of the all-star play of Ken Dryden. The final trophy was with Denis Herron and Richard Sevigny in 1981. He would win four Stanley Cups with Montreal in 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979.
Lorne Chabot
Lorne "Chabotsky" Chabot (October 5, 1900 in Montreal, Quebec - October 10 1946) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender. Lorne played in the National Hockey League from 1926 to 1937. During this time, he played for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Maroons, and New York Americans. Lorne won the 1935 Vezina Trophy for the being the league's best goaltender. He was the first hockey player to appear on the cover of Time Magazine.
Normie Smith
Norman "Normie" Smith (March 18, 1908 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada – February 2, 1988) was a Vezina-winning goaltender for the Detroit Red Wings. Smith did not let in a goal by the Montreal Maroons in the NHL's longest game, a 176-minute, 30-second game, on way to a Stanley Cup championship in 1936. After suffering an arm injury, his quality of play dropped in 1937–38 and the Red Wings finished last. During a game in 1939, he did not show up, causing problems with Jack Adams. Normie Smith retired rather than report to the minor leagues. He returned to play briefly with the Detroit Red Wings when World War II left a vacuum of players in the NHL.
Dave Kerr
David Alexander Kerr (January 11, 1910 Toronto, Ontario - May 11, 1978) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 427 games in total, 327 of them with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played amateur hockey before joining the NHL, winning the Allan Cup in 1930 with the Montreal AAA senior men's team. The next season was his first in the NHL, playing for the Montreal Maroons. The next season he played in the IHL and after that played two more for the Maroons.
On December 14, 1934, Kerr was acquired by the Rangers. It is with the Rangers where he is most notable for playing. He played six seasons for them, becoming the Rangers first regular goalie. He led New York to a Stanley Cup victory in 1940. That year, because of his 1.54 GAA and eight shutouts he was a First Team All-Star and won the Vezina Trophy. He also was a second team All-Star in 1938.
WWE United States Championship
The WWE United States Championship is a professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was originally a National Wrestling Alliance and World Championship Wrestling title. It has mostly been the exclusive secondary championship of WWE's weekly TV show, "SmackDown Live" since April 2017 when the champion at the time Kevin Owens was moved to the show in the 2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up.