Pope Urban IV (; c. 1195 – October 2, 1264), born Jacques Pantaléon, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 183rd Pope from 1261 to 1264.
Pantaléon was the son of a cobbler of Troyes in France. He studied theology and common law in Paris. He served the church as a canon, as a deacon and as an archdeacon.
Pope Innocent IV made Pantaléon the Bishop of Verdun in 1253.
In 1255, Pope Alexander IV made him Patriarch of Jerusalem.
He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals. Some of these were Pope Urban V and Pope Urban VI.
Patriarch Pantaléon was on August 29, 1261. He chose to be called Urban IV.
As pope, he was deeply involved in the conflict between Guelphs and Ghibelines in Italy.
He was buried in the cathedral at Perugia.
Midget
A midget is a word that is used to describe people who are quite short. A midget is "not" somebody with dwarfism; a midget is a person that has the same proportions of body parts as an averaged-sized human being. The word "midget" can also sometimes be used as an insult. Sometimes, the word is used for people a foot below the normal height of a person.
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a reindeer with a bright red nose who first appeared in 1939 in booklets. In the story, Rudolph gets teased by other reindeer until one foggy Christmas Eve Santa Claus comes around, asking him to guide Santa's sleigh. A Christmas song based on the story has been covered by such artists as Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Barry Manilow and The Supremes over the decades. Gene Autry was the singer of the original version.
Pain disorder
Pain disorder is a condition where a patient experiences chronic pain in different places in the body; this pain seems to be caused by psychological stress. Treatment of the condition can be done with either therapy or drugs.
Ginger Rogers
Ginger Rogers (born Virginia Katherine McMath, July 16, 1911 - April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer and singer. She was born in Independence, Missouri.
During her long career, she made a total of 73 films, collaborating with Fred Astaire as a romantic lead actress and dancing partner in a series of ten Hollywood musical films that revolutionized the genre.
She achieved great success on her own in a variety of film roles and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in "Kitty Foyle" (1940). She ranks #14 on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list of actress screen legends. She also appeared on numerous television programs. She died of a heart attack in Rancho Mirage, California.
Rogers was most famous for her partnership with Fred Astaire. Together, from 1933 to 1939, they made nine musical films at RKO and one at MGM. They revolutionized the Hollywood musical, introducing dance routines of unprecedented elegance and virtuosity, set to songs specially composed for them by the greatest popular song composers of the day.
"Flying Down to Rio" (1933)
"The Gay Divorcee" (1934)
"Roberta" (1935)
"Top Hat" (1935)
"Follow the Fleet" (1936)
"Swing Time" (1936)
"Shall We Dance" (1937)
"Carefree" (1938)
"The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle" (1939)
"The Barkleys of Broadway" (1949)
Independence, Missouri
Independence is a city in the northwest part of the US state of Missouri, not far from Kansas City. In 2010, about 116,830 people lived there.
Independence was created on March 28, 1827. It was an important place for the Oregon Trail. This is because the trail started here.
Independence had two battles in the American Civil War. One is the on August 11, 1862. The other is the on October 21-22, 1864.
President Harry S. Truman lived in Independence for a long time. The Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum is in Independence.
In 2010, there were 116,830 people, 48,742 households, and 30,165 families living in Independence. The people were 85.7% White, 5.6% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 3.2% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 7.7% of the people were Hispanic or Latino.
23% of the people were under 18 years old; 8.6% of the people were between 18 and 24 years old; 24.9% of the people were between 25 and 44 years old; 27.4% of the people were between 45 and 64 years old; 16.1% were 65 years old or older. 52% of the people were women, and 48% of the people were men.
10,000 Maniacs
10,000 Maniacs is an alternative rock group from Jamestown, New York. They have had different musicians and various lineups since they were created near 1981.
Seneca the Younger
Lucius Annaeus Seneca was a Roman philosopher, poet and politician. He was born about 4 BC in Córdoba in Hispania (which is now in Spain). Seneca's father was a writer known as Seneca the Elder. Seneca's mother was called Helvia. Seneca often lived in the city of Rome. He died by suicide in year 65.
During the reign of Roman emperor Claudius, Seneca was sent in exile to the island of Corsica for nine years. This act was caused by Messalina who was the wife of Claudius. In 49 AD Claudius married his own niece Agrippina, and she called Seneca back to Rome to be a tutor for her son Nero. Nero became emperor in 54 AD, and Seneca helped him to rule the Roman Empire for the next five years. After 59 AD, Nero became like a tyrant, and Seneca lost control over him. In 65 AD Nero accused Seneca of helping the people in the Pisonian conspiracy who wanted to kill Nero. Seneca was probably innocent, but Nero forced Seneca to kill himself.
Seneca was a very famous writer. He wrote books on philosophy, and he also wrote plays. Most of his books still exist.
His philosophy books were about Stoicism. These books include his "Letters to Lucilius" and his "Essays" (or ""Dialogues""). Seneca wanted to find the right way for people to be happy, so he wrote about ethics. He believed that some emotions, including anger and grief, are bad and should be avoided. He wrote about the shortness of life, and he wrote about favours, mercy, friendship, and the need to help other people.
His plays are tragedies. They are based on Greek mythology, and have titles such as: "Hercules", "Trojan Women", "Phoenician Women", "Phaedra", and "Oedipus".
Meredith Baxter
Meredith Baxter (born June 21, 1947), or Meredith Baxter-Birney, is an American actress. She was born June 21, 1947 in South Pasadena, California. She has been in numerous sitcoms and television movies. She is openly lesbian. She is an alcoholic and is a breast cancer survivor.
Meredith Brooks
Meredith Brooks (born June 12, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. She was born in Oregon City, Oregon. She is best known for her 1997 single "Bitch" which reached No.6 in the UK and No.2 in the United States.
Rohtas Fort
Rohtas Fort (,"Qila Rohtas") is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. This fort is about 4 km in circumference and the first example of the successful combination of Pashtun and Hindu architecture in the Indian Subcontinent.
FatRat
FatRat is an open source extensible download manager for Linux. It is built on top of the Trolltech Qt 4 library in C++. Developing of this program was started in November 2006. FatRat provides few advanced features such as speed limiting, segmented downloads.
It supports a lot of download and file exchange protocols, such as HTTP, Proxy/SOCKS5, FTP, BitTorrent (through libtorrent). Internationalization of interface is carried out with the help of Qt Linguist. FatRat also has RSS feed and podcasts support, and it can work with RapidShare web-storage service and with Dropbox and OpenSubtitles.
Available as a package of the most popular Linux repositories, such as Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora.
Features and characteristics:
Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (; 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 236th Pope from 1623 to 1644.