The next fundamental question was the exact nature of the genetic code. In his 1958 article, Crick speculated, as had others, that a triplet of nucleotides could code for an amino acid. Crick also used the term "central dogma" to summarize an idea that implies that genetic information flow between macro molecules would be essentially one-way:
In his thinking about the processes linking DNA genes to proteins, Crick made clear the distinction between the materials involved, the energy required, and the information flow. Crick was focused on this third component (information) and it became the organizing principle of what became known as molecular biology.
In the final phase of his career, Crick, Watson and Christof Koch published a series of articles on consciousness (1990–2005).
Crick decided to focus his work on how the brain generates visual awareness within a few hundred milliseconds of viewing a scene. Crick's book "The Astonishing Hypothesis" made the argument that neuroscience now had the tools required to begin a scientific study of how brains produce conscious experiences.
The Francis Crick Institute is a £660,000,000 biomedical research centre in London. The Francis Crick Institute is a partnership between Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London, the Medical Research Council, University College London (UCL) and the Wellcome Trust. It is the largest centre for biomedical research and innovation in Europe.
The Institute is next to St Pancras station on the Euston Road. It has an annual budget of over £100 million. The building’s vaulted roof is arranged into two shells and is fitted with solar panels. A third of the building is below ground to reduce its visible mass. RIP Francis
Arica
Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 196,590 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is Chile's most northern city; it is at only south of the border with Peru.
The city is the capital since 2007 of both the Arica Province and the Arica and Parinacota Region. It was founded on 25 April 1541 by Lucas Martínez Vegaso as "San Marcos de Arica".
(last national census), there were 185,268 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km².
The city of Arica has an urban area of and a population, in 2002, of 175,441 inhabitants.
Arica is on the Pacific Ocean coast at the bend of South America's western coast known as the Arica Bend or Arica Elbow. The city is on the foot of the Morro of Arica, or just El Morro, a steep and tall hill, above sea level.
The city is at from Santiago, the national capital. The mouths of two rivers: the Lluta and the "San José de Azapa" rivers, are near the city.
The commune has an area of . It borders with Peru (Tacna province) on the north, the Parinacota province on the east, the Camarones commune on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Arica is a "mild desert climate" and of the subtype "BWh/BWn". Arica is known as the more dry inhabited place on Earth, at least as measured by rainfall: the average amount of precipitation for the year is .
The average temperature for the year in Arica is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .
The highest recorded temperature in Arica is , which was recorded in March. The lowest recorded temperature in Arica is , which was recorded in May.
Camarones, Chile
Camarones is a city and commune of Chile, in the Region of Arica and Parinacota. It has 1,220 people. The centre of the city is in Cuyo, near the Chile Highway 5. It is mostly rural. It does not have much tourist activity.
It was founded in December 30, 1927 as Codpa.
Putre
General Lagos
General Lagos is a city in the region of Arica and Parinacota, in the north of Chile. It is named after Pedro Lagos, who directed the assault to the morro de Arica, during the battle of Arica. It was founded in December 30, 1927 as "Comuna de General Lagos" and they are called "visvireños", since the most important area in the town is called Visvirí.
Alto Hospicio
Alto Hospicio is a city in Chile. It is in the province of Iquique, region of Tarapacá. It has 80,000 people. It was founded on April 12, 2004. Before that, it was part of Iquique.
Pozo Almonte
Pozo Almonte is a city in the province of Tamarugal in the region of Tarapacá, in northern Chile. It has an area of 13.765,8 km², and a population of 14.366. It was founded in 1875.
Camiña
Colchane
Colchane (Aymara: from "qullchanni", "existence of pasturage") is a city in Chile in the province of Tamarugal.
It has 1,700 inhabitants and an area of 4,015 km. It was originally founded as Los Cóndores in September 8, 1970.
Huara
Huara is a city in the province of Tamarugal, Region of Tarapacá, Chile. The commune also comprises the Pisagua and Tarapacá hamlets.
Pica, Chile
Pica is a city in Chile, in the province of Tamarugal, Tarapacá. It is in an oasis in the middle of the Atacama Desert. Pica is famous for its small and unusually acidic lemons. It has an average temperature of 40°C. Pica has 6,178 inhabitants.
Motion blindness
Motion blindness (also called Akinetopsia) is a medical condition (although not a medical condition that is not currently recognized by the World Health Organization) in which a person cannot see objects that are moving even though they can see the objects that do not move. The condition seems to be very rare, and related to the nerves. It may also be psychological. There is currently no treatment for this condition. A lot of information about this condition comes from different case studies done between 1913 and 2003. Most of what is known is from a single patient, called LM. LM was a 43 year old woman who was treated in a hospital in 1978, after she had suffered a stroke.
Currently, motion blindness is thought to be caused by a change to the regions of the brain that are responsible for sight. This change is usually a result of damage done to the brain, and affects the way the brain "decodes" visual information. It is possible that only "visual" motion processing is affected because this is done in a separate area of the brain, which is different from the area that does motion processing in general. The same can happen to the perception of color, that is the patient can have a form of color blindness, which is known as achromatopsia. Unlike most other forms of color blindness, which are caused by changes in the eye, this one is caused by changes in the brain.
People who suffer from motion blindness have "normal vision": They can see different objects sharply, can tell the distance between them (that one is "farther away" than the other) and they see the different colors the objects might have. This applies to shapes, objects and faces. They do not, however, see the objects move. Besides simple perception, akinetopsia also disturbs motoric tasks which rely on visual perception, such as reaching for objects and catching objects. When doing tasks, feedback of one's own motion appears to be important.
Patients with akinetopsia have problems with many tasks in their daily life. One patient, LM, described pouring a cup of tea or coffee difficult "because the fluid appeared to be frozen, like a glacier". She did not know when to stop pouring, because she could not perceive the movement of the fluid rising. LM and other patients have also complained of having trouble following conversations, because lip movements and changing facial expressions were missed. LM stated she felt insecure when more than two people were walking around in a room: "people were suddenly here or there but I have not seen them moving". LM and others have described crossing the street and driving cars to also be of great difficulty.
Currently, three conditions are known that cause motion blindness:
Battles of Lexington and Concord