The Groupement des industries françaises aéronautiques et spatiales (GIFAS, in English Group of French aerospace industries) is a French aerospace industries association created in 1908, featuring more than 260 members. The first name of the association was "Association des Industries de la Locomotion Aérienne". It acquired its current name in 1975.
The current president of the GIFAS is Éric Trappier, the CEO of Dassault Aviation.
Esquire (magazine)
Esquire is a men's magazine, published in the U.S. by the Hearst Corporation. Founded in 1932, it flourished during the Great Depression under the guidance of founder and editor Arnold Gingrich.
UniverSud Paris
UniverSud Paris is a grouping of higher education institutes in France. It groups 21 public universities and the national research center. These places teach nearly all subjects of sciences (fundamental, engineering, business).
In 1991, the French government decided to create the "French Poles of Research and Higher Education". In 2007, its status changed to a public establishment for scientific cooperation ("établissement public de coopération scientifique").
The member universities and institutes are :
Charity (practice)
Charity is the act of giving help to those in need of it. It is a humanitarian act. It involves giving money, goods or time and effort to those who need it. It is done without expecting something in return. Giving money or food to poor people is an example of charity. Poor, sick or injured people are generally considered the proper people to whom charity should be given. When such people are not supported, they often begin begging, which is directly asking for help from people they do not know. Others may rely on support from charitable organisations. These organisations collect money and goods and then give them to those in need.
Most charities are concerned with providing basic needs, such as food, water, clothing, health care and shelter. The most common form of charity is donating money. The money is then used to buy these basic needs. However, there are many other actions that may be performed as charity, such as teaching orphans, donating blood, or money to help fund medical research.
Charitable giving can be a responsibility in many religions. This kind of charity is called almsgiving or alms. In Islam, for example, it is called "zakat". It is one of the five most important duties of being a Muslim.
Daphnia
Daphnia are small, planktonic crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5 mm in length. "Daphnia" are members of the order Cladocera. They are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans often called water fleas because of their jumpy swimming style. They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers.
"Daphnia" have open circulatory systems. Instead of having blood vessels, the daphnia have a fluid called haemolymph. The haemolymph is pumped throughout the body cavity (which is called a haemocoel).
The "Daphnia"’s nervous system consists of a brain that has two or three pairs of ganglia. Ganglia are nerve cells that tend to cluster up. The nervous system also has nerve rings that go round the oesophagus. Last of all, it has a paired ventral nerve cord.
The "Daphnia" reproductive system is parthenogenetic. The female daphnia produce eggs without mating. That means that their eggs can grow without being fertilized. The female daphnia carries its 50 or so eggs in the brood chamber, until they are ready to hatch. "Daphnia" can still mate, the only difference is that the “mated” eggs have an extra hard shell that can protect them from harsh conditions for a long time. These eggs are called cysts, and they can hatch when conditions are favorable again, which is usually around spring.
"Daphnia" spp. are a popular live food in tropical and marine fish keeping.
President of Algeria
The President of Algeria is the head of state of Algeria. The President is also in charge of the Algerian armed forces.
As of 19 December 2019, there are three living former presidents, including the acting head of state of Algeria:
From each according to his ability, to each according to his need
From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs (or need) is a slogan that Karl Marx made popular in his writing "Critique of the Gotha program", published in 1875. The German original is "Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen". According to Marx, once a communist society has been established, it will produce enough goods and services so that everyone's needs can be satisfied.
Even though the phrase is commonly attributed to Marx, he was not the first to use it. The slogan was common within the socialist movement. Louis Blanc first used it in 1839, in "The organization of work". The origin of this phrasing has also been attributed to the French communist Morelly, who proposed in his 1755 "Code of Nature" "Sacred and Fundamental Laws that would tear out the roots of vice and of all the evils of a society" including the following:
Kassaman
Kassaman or Qassaman (We Pledge) is the national anthem of Algeria. Mufdi Zakariah wrote the lyrics in 1956. He did this while in jail by the French. The composer of the music is Mohamed Fawzi, from Egypt. He wrote the lyrics on the walls of a French prison with his blood.
San Francisco row houses
The San Francisco row houses, also known as Painted Ladies are Victorian and Edwardian buildings painted in three or more colors. The style used is sometimes called "polychrome".
Emblem of Algeria
The national emblem of Algeria is the seal used by the government. Other states use coats of arms. The current emblem began in 1976. The difference was changing the motto from French to Arabic. On the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the Flag of Algeria. It is a symbol of Islam. The text says "The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria".
The Hand of Fatima is in front of the Atlas Mountains. It is below a rising sun to show a new era. Buildings are for industry and plants for agriculture.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician. From 1999 to 2019, he was the ninth President of Algeria. He was President at the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002. He ended emergency rule in February 2011 during Arab Spring.
He has also been President of the United Nations General Assembly.
Bouteflika resigned on 2 April 2019 after months of massive protests.
Prime Minister of Algeria
The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.
The President of Algeria chooses the Prime Minister. The People's National Assembly must okay the choice. There are no limits on a Prime Minister's term. The person who was Prime Minister the longest was Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani. He did the job from 1979 to 1984.
Ahmed Ouyahia
Ahmed Ouyahia (born July 2, 1952) is an Algerian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Algeria from August 16, 2017 to March 12, 2019.
Ouyahia was already Prime Minister from 1995 to 1998, from 2003 to 2006, and from 2008 to 2012.
He was also Minister of Justice for a time. He formed and was president of the RND party.
Adrar Province
Adrar is a province in southwestern Algeria. It is named for its capital Adrar. It is the second-largest province. There are 402,197 people.
The province has 11 districts and 28 communes or municipalities.
Carlton Gardens, Melbourne
The Carlton Gardens is a World Heritage Site in the suburb of Carlton. It is very close to the centre of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.