In statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a number that indicates how spread out the data are, and tells us what the range is in the middle of a set of scores.
The interquartile range IQR is defined as:
That is, it is calculated as the range of the middle half of the scores. The scores are divided into four equal parts, separated by the quartiles formula_2 and formula_3, after the scores have been arranged in ascending order (becoming bigger as one goes further). The second quartile formula_4 is also known as the median.
The interquartile range is not sensitive to outliers (scores that are much higher or much lower than the other scores). In fact, it eliminates them.
Given the following 20 scores arranged from the smallest to the largest:
We can put them into four different groups of five numbers each:
The groups are thus separated by:
Hence the interquartile range is:
If the observation 29 has accidentally been written down as 92 instead, then this number is an outlier. Notice that the interquartile range is not affected in that case.
Amami rabbit
The Amami Rabbit ("Pentalagus furnessi"; Amami: "ʔosagi") also known as the Ryukyu Rabbit, is a primitive dark-furred rabbit which is only found in Amami Ōshima and Toku-no-Shima, two small islands in between southern Kyūshū and Okinawa in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan. Often called a living fossil, the Amami Rabbit is a living remnant of ancient rabbits that once lived on the Asian mainland, where they died out, remaining only on the two small islands where they survive today.
Albany Devils
The Albany Devils are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. Right now, they play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the New Jersey Devils of the NHL. They play their home games in Albany, New York at the Times Union Center and sometimes at the Boardwalk Hall. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Trenton Devils.
Abbotsford Heat
The Abbotsford Heat were a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They played for 5 seasons in the American Hockey League and were the farm team of the Calgary Flames of the NHL. They played their home games in Abbotsford, British Columbia at the Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre.
The team struggled with financial problems and had low attendance near the end. The city of Abbotsford terminated their contract with the Heat on April 15, 2014. On May 5, 2014, The AHL's Board of Governors said at their spring meeting in Chicago that they had approved the relocation of the team to Glens Falls, New York for the 2014-15 AHL season.
ECHL
The ECHL (formerly East Coast Hockey League) is a professional ice hockey league based in the United States and is considered a lower tier than the American Hockey League.
The ECHL and the American Hockey League are the only ice hockey leagues that receive recognition by the collective bargaining agreement between the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association which means that any player that is signed to an entry-level NHL contract and is designated for assignment must report to a club either in the AHL or the ECHL.
The major championship in the ECHL that the two winning team of their conferences play for is the Kelly Cup. There are currently 27 teams in the ECHL.
Grand Rapids Griffins
The Grand Rapids Griffins are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1996 in the IHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL. They play their home games in Grand Rapids, Michigan at the Van Andel Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Toledo Walleye.
Hamilton Bulldogs
The Hamilton Bulldogs are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1996. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL. They play their home games in Hamilton, Ontario at the Copps Coliseum which is nicknamed "The Dog Pound". Their ECHL affiliate team is the Wheeling Nailers.
Chicago Wolves
The Chicago Wolves are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL. They play their home games in Rosemont, Illinois at the Allstate Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Gwinnett Gladiators.
Oklahoma City Barons
The Oklahoma City Barons are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Edmonton Oilers of the NHL. They play their home games in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the Cox Convention Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Stockton Thunder.
Milwaukee Admirals
The Milwaukee Admirals are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2001. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Nashville Predators of the NHL. They play their home games in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Cincinnati Cyclones.
Adirondack Phantoms
The Adirondack Phantoms are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL. They play their home games in Glens Falls, New York at the Glens Falls Civic Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Greenville Road Warriors.
Charlotte Checkers (2010–)
The Charlotte Checkers are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Carolina Hurricanes of the NHL. They play their home games in Charlotte, North Carolina at Bojangles' Coliseum. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Florida Everblades. The team was originally an ECHL team but the new owner Michael Kahn relinquished the ECHL franchise and relocated the Albany River Rats to Charlotte to beccome the Charlotte Checkers.
Norfolk Admirals
The Norfolk Admirals are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2000. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL. They play their home games in Norfolk, Virginia at the Norfolk Scope. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Florida Everblades.
Hershey Bears
The Hershey Bears are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1938 which makes them the longest-existing team in the AHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Washington Capitals of the NHL. They play their home games in Hershey, Pennsylvania at the Giant Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the South Carolina Stingrays. The Bears have won a total of 11 Calder Cups.
Social Security (United States)
In the United States, Social Security is the term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. That program is run by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. The current version of the Act, as amended, involves many social welfare and social insurance programs.
Social Security gets its money through payroll taxes. Those taxes are called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Almost all salaried income, up to an certain amount set by law (see tax rate table below), is taxed by the Social Security payroll tax. All income over the set amount is not taxed. In 2019, the maximum amount of taxable money is $132,900.
In 2017, Social Security spent $806.7 billion for OASDI and $145.8 billion for DI.