Two major groups are recognized, articulate and inarticulate. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple opening and closing muscles, while inarticulate brachiopods have untoothed hinges and a more complex system of muscles used to fit the two halves together. In a typical brachiopod a stalk-like pedicle goes from an opening in one of the valves (the pedicle valve). It attaches the animal to the seabed but clear of silt that would block the opening.
Brachiopods have a huge fossil record going back to the Cambrian. They were much reduced by the two main extinction events, the P/Tr and K/T. Bivalve molluscs took over their inshore habitats in the Mesozoic, and since then the brachiopods have been confined to deeper water, except for a handful of species. There are about 100 to 350 species living; the fossil species number 12,000.
"Lingula", one of the oldest genera of brachiopods, has survived from the earliest Ordovician to the present day. The various species look very similar, and the genus is a good example of a living fossil.
Brachiopod classification is being debated by invertebrate palaeontologists.
Deaths in 2010
The following is a list of notable deaths in 2010.
Casey Johnson
Casey Johnson (September 24, 1979 - January 4, 2010) was an American socialite and heiress to the Johnson & Johnson empire. Her father was businessman Woody Johnson. She was openly bisexual and was engaged to model and reality television star Tila Tequila in December 2009. Johnson was found dead in her Los Angeles home on January 4, 2010. She died of diabetes.
Eurovision Song Contest 2010
The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was a singing competition that took place in Oslo, Norway, after Alexander Rybak won the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song called "Fairytale".
Parides
Parides is a genus of swallowtail butterflies in the family Papilionidae. They are found in North America, Central America, and South America.
Medical school
A medical school is a place where medical students learn medicine. When they graduate from a medical school, they become a physician or a doctor. Medical Schools grant Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) and sometimes Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degrees. Students take classes in human biology and disease then take a license exam to practice medicine.
A medical student or student doctor is a person who has been accepted to a medical school and is studying to become a doctor. Medical students are typically required to learn about basic health, science, technology and the clinical practice of medicine. Medical students learn human anatomy, physiology, diseases, and different drugs.
Medical students are generally considered to be at the earliest stage of the medical career pathway. In some locations they are required to be registered with a government body.
Medical students typically engage in both basic science and practical clinical coursework during their tenure in medical school. Course structure and length vary greatly among countries.
It might be needless to say that the Ivy League universities have one of the greatest medical schools in the world. Generally, most large-scale American universities (such as Stanford University) have a medical school.
In the United Kingdom, Oxford University has made great medical textbooks through the Oxford University Press. Imperial College London is also famous for their medical education.
Karolinska Institutet is known as one of the greatest medical school in mainland Europe. They are also involved in the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine at Nanyang Technological University are famous medical schools with unique names. For graduate level, Duke-NUS Medical School is operated with Duke University.
Some major universities in Japan also includes a high quality medical school:
Doom 3
Doom 3 (or "Doom III" in roman numerals), is a sequel to the first-person shooter game "Doom 2". It was created by iD Software, and came out in 2004. It was the first to not be based on the same game engine as "Doom" and "Doom 2", and had 40 levels. Even though the game is named "Doom 3", the game is not a direct sequel, which means the story does not take place after "Doom" or "Doom 2". In fact, it is a reboot of the first "Doom", which means it is a new start to the Doom story. "Doom 3" has a very dark environment, and the player carries a flashlight to light the way, although the flashlight can't be used at the same time as the weapons. However, this feature changed the BFG Edition, where the player does not carry the flashlight like a weapon, but the player can use at any time during gameplay. That being said, the player must be careful not to use the flashlight too long, because the flashlight will automatically turn off after it runs after battery, and the player must wait for the battery to recharge before using the flashlight again. The game had two expansions, Resurrection of Evil and Lost Mission.
Doom 3 on the Doom Wiki
Star Trek: The Original Series
Star Trek is a science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that aired from September 8, 1966 to September 2, 1969. Though the original series was just called "Star Trek", it got the nickname Star Trek: The Original Series ("ST:TOS" or "TOS") to make it different from the spinoffs, and from the "Star Trek" universe or franchise they take up. Set in the 23rd century, the first "Star Trek" follows the adventures of the starship USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) and its crew, led by Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner), his First Officer Mr. Spock (Leonard Nimoy), and his Chief Medical Officer Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley). William Shatner's voice-over introduction during each episode's opening credits stated the starship's purpose:
When "Star Trek" first came on NBC in 1966, it was not successful to begin; ratings were low and advertising revenue was very little. Even at the end of the first season of "Star Trek", there were already calls in the network to cancel the series due to its low Nielsen ratings. Bay Area "Creature Features" host John Stanley in his memoir "I Was a TV Horror Host" relates how Desilu head Lucille Ball at that time "single handedly" kept "Star Trek" from being removed from the NBC-TV lineup."
Close to the end of the second season the show was still in danger of being canceled. Its fans succeeded in giving it a third season; but NBC moved the show to the "Friday night death slot" at 10 PM. "Star Trek" was finally canceled at the end of the third season, making 79 episodes in total. However, this was enough for the show to be stripped in syndication, allowing it to become very popular and gather a large cult following during the 1970s. After the success of the program, five additional television series and eleven movies, including the newest movie "Star Trek", which came out in May 2009. "Guinness World Records" lists the original "Star Trek" as having more spin-offs than any other television show in history.
Star Trek: The Animated Series
Star Trek is an animated American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that is based on and contiunes the story of the original series. The animated series was aired under the name Star Trek, but it has become more known under this longer name (or abbreviated as "ST: TAS" or "TAS") to make it different from the original live action "." The success of the original live action series and fan pressure for a "Star Trek" revival led to "The Animated Series" from 1973-1974, as the source of new adventures of the "Enterprise" crew, the next being the live-action feature movie 1979's "". "TAS" was the first "Star Trek" series to win an Emmy Award.
Star Trek: Enterprise