Ruby
A ruby is a kind of precious stone. It is often associated with emerald, sapphire and topaz. It is usually red, but can sometimes be other colors. It is formed of aluminum and oxygen (AlO), and that means it's a kind of corundum. A small amount of chromium makes the color.
Scramjet
Scramjet is a type of jet engine. Like other jets it pushes mixed air and gas out of the back to make it go. Like other ramjets it doesn't use a mechanical compressor. Engineers have experimented with it since the 1950s. They hope a scramjet will work someday at 15 times the speed of sound (mach 15).
Pulse jet engine
A pulse jet engine is a very simple form of the internal combustion engine where the combustion happens in pulses. The propulsive effort is a jet that is a reaction to the backward flow of hot gasses.
Stronger (song)
"Stronger" is a 2007 song by rapper Kanye West. It won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance.
Good Eats
Good Eats was an American television series shown on the Food Network from 1999 until 2011. It aired on the Cooking Channel in 2011 and 2012. It was created and hosted by Alton Brown. "Good Eats" was like shows with science teachers Mr. Wizard and Bill Nye. Brown shows the science and technique behind the cooking, the history of different foods, and the good parts of different kinds of cooking equipment. The show focuses on familiar food that can easily be made at home. It talks about picking the right tools, and getting the most out of cheap tools that can be used for different things. Each episode of "Good Eats" has its own theme. Usually an ingredient or a cooking technique. It may also be a more general theme such as Thanksgiving. In the tenth anniversary episode, Alton Brown stated that the show was inspired by the idea of mixing Julia Child, Mr. Wizard, and Monty Python.
On May 11, 2011, Alton Brown confirmed that the series would come to an end, ceasing production at episode 249.
Fame (David Bowie song)
Fame is a song by David Bowie. It was written by David Bowie and John Lennon of The Beatles. The song combined funk and rock music. The song was released August 18, 1975. It was on Bowie's "Young Americans" album. The song reached the number 1 position on the US Billboard Top 100 in September 1975.
The song has been sung by many other famous singers and bands. These include:
Chiyoda, Tokyo
The municipality calls itself "Chiyoda City" in English.
During the Edo period, most of the people living in this area were samurai.
Chiyoda developed around the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace area occupies about one sixth of the area of Chiyoda. There was previously another castle here during the Edo period, but it was destroyed.
On March 15, 1947, the ward of Chiyoda was formed by combining the wards of Kanda and Kōjimachi.
The Diet of Japan, the Supreme court of Japan and home of the Prime Minister of Japan are all in Chiyoda.
Chiyoda is in the center of Tokyo. It borders Chūō and Minato on the south. Shinjuku is on the ward's western border. Bunkyō and Taitō is on the northern border.
The ward has an area of . The Imperial Palace covers about 12 percent of this area.
In Chiyoda is the hub of the Shinkansen high-speed train network, Tokyo Station.
Pianola
The pianola (pronounce: "pee-ah-NO-la"), also called the player piano, is a piano which has a pneumatic mechanism so that it can play by itself. The air for this system came from a pump operated by the players feet, and in some later models, an electric pump. Inside the piano are paper rolls which have holes punched in. These holes release air which in turn triggers the keys to play. When the pianola plays itself the keys of the piano can be seen "playing themselves".
The pianola was developed around the 1880s. It was fitted with control levers so that the player ("player pianist" or "pianolist") could play in the way he wanted. The pianola made it possible for the player to sound as if he was playing very difficult music that he was not capable of playing. At the same time he could control the performance.
The pianola became popular in the late 19th and early 20th century as mass-produced pianos became popular in people's homes and more and more people bought sheet music. By the 1920s it started to become less popular again as the gramophone had been invented.
A pianola is the same as any other piano except it is fitted with a pneumatic player action, which plays paper rolls. This mechanism consists of about one hundred bellows, large and small, the smaller ones being called pneumatics of which there are 88, one for each note on the piano.The largest are the foot operated ones,called the bellows. Other pneumatics of varying sizes operate the roll motor, tracking device, motor speed governor, and the sustain and soft pedals.
Sewing machine
A sewing machine is used to stitch fabric together with thread. Sewing machines were an invention of the industrial revolution that made it possible to sew faster than people could sew by hand. Some sewing machines are also used for embroidery. Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.
Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type. In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time.
Industrial sewing machines, by contrast to domestic machines, are larger, faster, and more varied in their size, cost, appearance, and task.
Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal, a German-born engineer working in England was awarded the first British patent for a mechanical device to aid the art of sewing, in 1755. His invention consisted of a double pointed needle with an eye at one end.
In 1790, the English inventor Thomas Saint invented the first sewing machine design, but he did not successfully advertise or market his invention. His machine was meant to be used on leather and canvas material. It is likely that Saint had a working model but there is no evidence of one; he was a skilled cabinet maker and his device included many practically functional features: an overhanging arm, a feed mechanism (adequate for short lengths of leather), a vertical needle bar, and a looper.
His sewing machine used the chain stitch method, in which the machine uses a single thread to make simple stitches in the fabric. A stitching awl would pierce the material and a forked point rod would carry the thread through the hole where it would be hooked underneath and moved to the next stitching place, where the cycle would be repeated, locking the stitch. Saint's machine was designed to aid the manufacture of various leather goods, including saddles and bridles, but it was also capable of working with canvas, and was used for sewing ship sails. Although his machine was very advanced for the era, the concept would need steady improvement over the coming decades before it could become a practical proposition. In 1874, a sewing machine manufacturer, William Newton Wilson, found Saint's drawings in the London Patent Office, made adjustments to the looper, and built a working machine, currently owned by the London Science Museum.
In 1804, a sewing machine was built by the Englishmen Thomas Stone and James Henderson, and a machine for embroidering was constructed by John Duncan in Scotland. An Austrian tailor, Josef Madersperger, began developing his first sewing machine in 1807. He presented his first working machine in 1814.