Beyoncé The Ultimate Performer is a DVD by R&B artist Beyoncé Knowles. It was released in the US on November 24, 2006. It features some of her exclusive footages in France, Japan, United Kingdom, New York among other places during her worldwide tour, the makings and music video.
Fighting Temptation
Fighting Temptation is a single released by R&B singer Beyoncé and female rappers Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free in 2003 to promote the film "The Fighting Temptations", in which Beyoncé has a part. The song is part of the official soundtrack.
As it was released just one month after the second single from Beyoncé's "Dangerously in Love", "Baby Boy", the song did not become a big hit and failed to enter the "Billboard" Hot 100 and other important U.S. charts. However, the single received some attention from European countries, eventually peaking at number thirteen in the Netherlands. The film was also an instant success, mainly due to Beyoncé's success in Europe at that time.
Slaithwaite
Slaithwaite is a large village in the Colne Valley in Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is placed alongside the Colne River.
Slaithwaite has a younger mean population than the rest of England, with a mean age of 38.4, compared to a mean of 39.3 in the rest of England.
Bundesverfassungsgericht
The Bundesverfassungsgericht is the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. It does not hear ordinary criminal cases. Instead it deals with matters that affect the Constitution of Germany.
The Court is in Karlsruhe. This was to show it was separate from the federal government, first based in Bonn, and other federal bodies such as the German intelligence (BND) based in Munich.
Federal law helps to describe what the court can do, and how it works. Article 20.3 of the "Grundgesetz" says that each the three branches of the government – the parliament, the ministers and the courts – can only do what the constitution allows. The court can decide that acts of all three branches are not allowed by the constitution and prevent them from happening.
There are different reasons the court may find something unconstitutional:
Decisions of the court on material conflicts are applied through a federal law by the Federal Constitutional Court Act (BVerfGG).
The court only hear certain cases:
The court has 16 judges. They are divided into two groups, called senates, of eight judges. The chairman of one senate is also the President of the Court ("Chief Justice"). The chairman of the other senate is the vice president. Most cases are heard by a "chamber" which is three members of one senate. All three judges of the chamber must agree on a decision. A chamber has to use precedent ("past rulings"). If a chamber thinks a precedent should be changed they have to let the case be decided by the Senate as a whole. Similarly, if a Senate thinks a precedent set by the other Senate should be changed precedent of the must ask the "Plenum" (a meeting of all 16 judges).
Decisions by a Senate need an absolute majority of 5 votes (in some cases a two-thirds majority is required, that is, 6 out of 8 votes). The BVerfGG decides which type of cases a senate hears.
Four judges of each senate are elected by the Bundestag. The others are elected by the Bundesrat. Choosing a judge needs a two-thirds majority.
The judges have a 12-year term, but they must retire when reaching the age of 68. A judge must be at least 40 years old and must be a well-trained jurist. Three out of eight members of each Senate must have been a judge of a Federal Supreme Court. Of the other five members of each Senate, most judges have been a professor of law at a university, a public servant or a lawyer.
At the end of their term, most judges retire from public life. One notable exception was Roman Herzog, who was elected Federal President in 1994, shortly before the end of his term as President of the Court.
Kaaba
The Kaaba is a large cuboid-shaped building inside the mosque known as al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Muslims believe that the Kaaba was built by the command of Allah. The Kaaba’s original architecture has remained the same for centuries.
According to Islamic sources, the Kaaba was a place of worship for angels before the creation of men. After the creation of Adam, the Kaaba was built by him.According to Qur'an, it is the first house on Earth.
The Kaaba was buried under the sand by the Noah's flood. After a period of time, it was rebuilt by Prophet Abraham and his son Prophet Ishmael.The Kaaba was a place of monotheism for centuries. Then Amr bin Luhayy brought an idol to the Kaaba. After that, the Kaaba became a place of pagan belief.
The Kaaba began to be managed by Muslims in 630 AD. Prophet Muhammad removed the idols. Also the Kaaba was cleaned with sacred water (Zamzam) under his guidance.
The general architecture of the Kaaba remained the same until 1630 because people wanted to keep the original architecture. Only simple repairs and small decorations were made during this long period of time. In 1630, three walls of the Kaaba were heavily damaged by a storm. Then, it was restored by Murad IV, 17th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Kaaba has remained the same after this renovation.
The Kaaba is the holiest place in Islam. Muslims believe that the Kaaba is the House of God (Baitullah). Prophet Mohammed said the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) is one of the three most important mosques on the Earth.
Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (hajj) once in a lifetime to the Kaaba. As it is the most holy place in Islam all Muslims pray towards this when they perform the five fardh (necessary acts mentioned in the Qur'an) Salat or prayer. At the end of Hajj season, there is a holiday called Eid al-Adha (English: Festival of Sacrifice).
The Kaaba is a rectangular shaped building. It is 12 m long, 10 m wide, and 15 m high (33 feet x 50 feet x 45 feet).The Kaaba is made of blue-gray granite.
Inside the Kaaba, there are three pillars to support the roof. The floor is made of marble and the ceiling is covered with cloth. Gold and glass decorations are hanging between the pillars.
The Kaaba was first covered by Abu Karab As’ad, in 60 BC approximately. The cover was made of valuable materials, as a symbol of his respect for the Kaaba. After that, the Kaaba has been covered with the most valuable materials following the tradition of showing respect.
The covers are produced by a factory every year, the factory was established only to produce the cover in 1927. The cover is replaced every year on the eve of Eid Al-Adha by 160 technicians.
The Kaaba’s cover contains Qur'anic verses. It is made of 450kgs of pure silk, and it includes hundreds of pounds of precious metals, 670 kgs of silver dyed black, about 120 kgs of pure gold and 50 kgs of silver. The cost of the cover is USD 4,534,325. The size of the cover is 658 square metres.
Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic rules in Islam that all Muslims must follow.
The Five Pillars consist of :
EUX.TV
EUX.TV, or the Europe channel, is an independent digital television station from Brussels that talks about European matters.
http://eux.tv/
Awadhi language
Awadhi is an Indo-Aryan language. This language was spoken in a wide area including Lucknow and Ayoudhya (Awadh) earlier. Goswami Tulasidas wrote Ramcharitmanas, Geetavali, Kavitavali, and all his Shri Ram poems in this language.
Hindi is a much newer language mostly based on Awadhi and Braj Bhasha.
Westdeutscher Rundfunk
The Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR, official "Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln") is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne.
WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD.
The WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio channels.
ARD (broadcaster)