British merchants began selling opium to China. At that time, opium was grown in India and not in China. Opium had been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time before the British came, mostly to treat disease. However, opium can also be used as a psychoactive drug that changes the user's state of mind. Opium is also an addictive drug.
When the British began importing large amounts of the drug, the Chinese began using opium for its mind-changing effect. More and more people grew addicted to opium. So, the British were able to export more and more opium. By selling this drug, the British slowly began to make more money on their exports to China than they spent on their imports of Chinese goods. British exports of opium to China increased greatly. They went from an estimated 15 tons in 1730, to 75 tons in 1773. Opium was shipped in "chests". Every chest had 67 kilograms (140 pounds) of opium inside.
Early in the 19th century, British merchants began to take opium into China in return for bringing Chinese tea back to Britain. In 1839, China said that the British could not bring opium into their country, so the British did not tell China about the opium they had brought with them. Chinese officials found a lot of opium in Canton, a part of southern China which is now called Guangzhou, and destroyed it. The British were upset at this and sent gunboats in 1840 to attack Chinese cities along the coast. China had no weapons to protect themselves, and so they lost the war.
China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking and Treaty of the Bogue. This forced China to open up some of its ports for trade to Western countries, not just Great Britain. British people in China also received the right of extraterritoriality, meaning when accused of crime they could be tried by their own officials rather than those of China. Finally, China had to give up Hong Kong Island, which became a British colony. Britain had nothing to give back in return, and so these treaties became the first of those known as the "unequal treaties". Other Western countries soon signed similar treaties with China.
The Second Opium War was also known as the "Arrow War" or "Anglo-French War" in China. French soldiers also took a big part in this war, which started when the Chinese took over one of the British ships in the port of Guangzhou, called "The Arrow". Britain and France, along with troops from Russia and the United States, attacked more Chinese cities. This included the Battle of Canton of 1857, and in 1860 the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan) in Beijing was burned to the ground. At the end of this war, the Chinese had to sign more of the "unequal treaties". They included making opium legal in China, opening up all their ports for trade, and to give up part of the Kowloon Peninsula to the British, which became part of the colony of Hong Kong.
In 1898, after the First Sino-Japanese War, Britain would take control of the New Territories under a 99-year lease. At the end of the 99 years, it would return the entire colony of Hong Kong, including the leased land, to China. This happened on July 1, 1997, making Hong Kong the first of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China.
Shunichi Ikenoue
Ikenoue was born in Gunma Prefecture on February 16, 1967. After graduating from Osaka University of Commerce, he joined Japan Soccer League club Matsushita Electric in 1989. He played many matches as offensive midfielder. In 1990, he moved to All Nippon Airways (later "Yokohama Flügels"). However he did not play as much in 1993. In 1994, he moved to Japan Football League club PJM Futures (later "Tosu Futures"). He retired at the end of the 1995 season.
In 1988, when Ikenoue was an Osaka University of Commerce student, he was selected for the Japan national "B team" for the 1988 Asian Cup. At that competition, he played two games. However, the Japan Football Association does not count as Japan national team match because this Japan team was "B team" not "top team".
72||7||1||0||14||2||87||10
72||7||1||0||14||2||87||10
Seismometer
A seismometer or seismograph is an instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those generated by earthquakes, nuclear explosions and other sources.
Records of seismic waves called seismograms allow us to map the interior of the Earth, and to find and measure the size of those different sources.
The word derives from the Greek word, "seismós", a shaking or quake, from the verb σείω, "seíō", to shake; and μέτρον, "métron", measure.
The technique of using a seismometer to build up a picture of the Earth's interior is called seismic tomography.
Denny Landzaat
Denny Landzaat (born 6 May 1976) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Feyenoord Rotterdam.
386||77
52||5
438||82
!Total||38||1
David Connolly
David Connolly (born 6 June 1977) is an Irish football player. He plays for Southampton.
268||99||21||7||10||3||299||109
73||49||||||||||73||49
341||138||21||7||10||3||372||158
!Total||41||9
Antonio Valencia
Antonio Valencia (born 4 August 1985) is an Ecuadorian football player. He plays for Manchester United and Ecuador national team.
83||11||||||||||||||83||11
14||0||||||||||||||14||0
84||7||2||0||3||0||0||0||89||7
181||18||2||0||3||0||0||0||186||18
!Total||41||6
Graham Kavanagh
Graham Kavanagh (born 2 December 1973) is an Irish football player. He plays for Carlisle United F.C.
515||74||23||4||29||2||567||80
515||74||23||4||29||2||567||80
!Total||16||1
Lee McCulloch
Lee McCulloch (born 14 May 1978) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Rangers.
156||24||25||6||12||2||193||32
224||44||5||1||10||1||239||46
380||68||30||7||22||3||432||78
!Total||15||1
Cool Silly
Cool Silly () is a Taiwanese-American mainstream pop trio consisting of producer/singer Tone (), singer/composer Ray Liu () and rapper/actor Leeway(). Renowned artist Tone () formed his own band after releasing his first debut album titled "我的6:57am", and recruited the other two members to form Cool Silly. They are well known throughout Taiwan with their hit "Fly" (), which was the theme song for the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition (). The song attracted many fans, which led to Cool Silly's debut in 2010 with the release of their first digital album, Cool Silly: The Prelude. Since their debut, they have often been compared with the Popular Taiwanese rock group, F.I.R., because of the similar formation of band members and attractive performance personalities.
The name Cool Silly comes from the band's ideology that "a person can't be cool unless they're silly as well". The band insists that the personality of their music is not only "cool" but "silly" as well.
David Wright
David Wright (born 1 May 1980) is an English footballer. He plays for Ipswich Town.
355||7||17||0||14||0||386||7
355||7||17||0||14||0||386||7
Arjan de Zeeuw
Arjan de Zeeuw (born 16 April 1970) is a Dutch football player.
102||5||||||||||102||5
443||18||28||0||31||0||502||18
545||23||28||0||31||0||604||23
Andreas Johansson
Andreas Johansson (born 5 July 1978) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Aalborg.
230||67
29||4
61||13
320||84
!Total||16||0
Yohei Toyoda
Toyoda was born in Komatsu on April 11, 1985. After graduating from Seiryo High School, he joined J1 League club Nagoya Grampus Eight in 2004. He played for Nagoya in 3 seasons. In 2007, he moved to J2 League club Montedio Yamagata. Montedio won the 2nd place in 2008 and was promoted to J1 first time in the club history. In 2009, he moved to J1 club Kyoto Sanga FC. However he could only score 1 goal in the 2009 season. In 2010, he moved to J2 club Sagan Tosu. In 2011, he scored 23 goals and became a J2 top scorer. Sagan also won the 2nd place and was promoted to J1 first time in the club history. In 2018, he moved to K League 1 club Ulsan Hyundai on loan. In June 2018, he returned to Sagan.