Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer known for discovering Pluto in 1930.
Tombaugh was born in Streator, Illinois. After his family moved to Burdett, Kansas, Tombaugh planned to attend college. After a hailstorm ruined his family's farm crops, he no longer had money for the expense of college.
After he discovered Pluto, he did go to college at the University of Kansas and graduated with two degrees in astronomy.
Venera
Venera is the Russian name for the planet Venus. It is also the name of the USSR program for sending spacecraft to the planet Venus. A Venera 3 spacecraft was the first manmade object to land on another planet in our solar system. Venera 3 crash landed on Venus on 1 March 1966. Venera 7 also landed on Venus. It landed in 1970. It was the first spacecraft to send information back to Earth after landing on another planet.
Luna 2
Luna 2 was the second spacecraft in Soviet Union's Luna programme to probe the Moon. Luna 2 was launched on 12 September 1959 and it crash landed on the Moon the next day. During its journey to Moon, Luna 2 confirmed the existence of solar wind. Luna 2 was the first human made object to land on a celestial body in space.
Cadet Forces Medal
The Cadet Forces Medal is given for long and good service by commissioned officers and non commissioned adult instructors of the UK Cadet Forces: The Army Cadet Force, the Air Training Corps, the Sea Cadet Corps and Combined Cadet Force, and commissioned officers of the New Zealand Cadet Forces. It is awarded for 12 years service. Clasps are given for every 8 years further service in New Zealand & for 6 more years in the UK.
People who receive the Cadet Forces Service Medal do not earn the right to use post-nominal letters.
Jean Chrétien
Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician. He was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003 and the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1990 to 2003. During his career, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada for over 35 years.
Chrétien was born in Shawinigan, Quebec. He studied law at Université Laval. He became a politician in 1963, when he was first elected to the House of Commons. While Pierre Trudeau was Prime Minister, Chrétien was a member of his cabinet. He was the Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. He was also the Deputy Prime Minister when John Turner was Prime Minister.
Chrétien was elected leader of the Liberal Party in 1990. The Liberals won 177 seats in the House of Commons in the 1993 election, meaning they were the largest party and could form a government. He was re-elected two times in 1997 and 2000 and led a majority government the entire time he was Prime Minister.
Chrétien retired in 2003. He was replaced as the Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party by Paul Martin.
For the 1963 federal election, Chrétien was chosen to be the Liberal Party's candidate for the riding of Saint-Maurice—Laflèche in Shawinigan. He was elected in this riding and became a Member of Parliament for the first time. After this, he became the parliamentary secretary for the Prime Minister at the time, Lester B. Pearson.
Beginning in 1966, he was the parliamentary secretary for Mitchell Sharp, who was the Minister of Finance at the time. He spent a longer amount of time working with Sharp than he did with Pearson.
Chrétien was chosen by Pearson to be the Minister of National Revenue in January 1968.
The Liberal Party lost the 1979 federal election. The Progressive Conservatives formed a very short government led by Joe Clark. After Trudeau and the Liberals won the election the year after, Trudeau chose Chrétien to become the Minister of Justice.
Chrétien was a very important person in the 1980 Quebec referendum, when there was a referendum on whether Quebec should leave Canada. He fought very hard for the federal government and was against Quebec leaving Canada.
Turner stopped being the leader of the Liberal Party in 1990. There was an election to decide who would be the person to replace him at the June 1990 party conference.
When Chrétien won the Liberal Party leadership election, the Liberals had the second-most seats in the House of Commons. Because of this, he also became the Leader of the Opposition. At first, he had many problems as the leader. For example, some Quebec Liberal MPs chose to leave the party after he became the leader.
When Brian Mulroney retired in 1993, he was replaced as the Prime Minister and as the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party by Kim Campbell. She was a part of Mulroney's cabinet at the time. Because elections in Canada have to happen at least once every five years, there was going to be an election in October of that year.
One of Chrétien's promises was that a Liberal government would remove the Goods and Service Tax. It was created by Mulroney's government and was not very popular among the Canadian public. Chrétien also promised that they would negotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) a second time, and to bring down Canada's deficit.
Chrétien and the Liberal Party won the election. The Liberals won 177 seats and became the largest party in the House of Commons. The Progressive Conservatives lost almost all their seats in that election, winning only two seats.
Chrétien was part of the Liberal Party's left-wing in the beginning of his career. While he was Prime Minister, however, he was very neoliberal and fiscally conservative.
His parents were Wellie Chrétien and Marie Boisvert.
Chrétien married Aline Chaîné in 1957. They both knew each other when they were young in Shawinigan. Chaîné became one of the people Chrétien trusted the most when making important decisions. They stayed married until she died in 2020. They had 2 sons and 1 daughter.
Rakesh Sharma
Rakesh Sharma (born 13 January 1949) is a retired Squadron Leader in the Indian Air Force. He was the first Indian and 138th person to travel in space.
Sharma retired from the Air force as Wing Commander. He spent eight days in Salyut 7 Space station in April 1984. He was given the Hero of Soviet Union by the Soviet Government and the Ashok Chakra by the Indian Government.
Sharma joined as a test pilot in the Indian Air Force in 1970. He flew various aircrafts, for example Mikoyan-Gurevich (MIG) aircraft in 1971. He was selected on 20September in 1982 to become a cosmonaut and go into space as part of a joint program between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet Intercosmos space program.
In 1984, he became the first Indian to fly to space, when he flew aboard the Soyuz T-11. It took off from Baikonur Cosmodrome in 2 April 1984. The Soyuz T-11 reached the Salyut 7 space station, with the ship's commander, Yury Malyshev, and flight engineer, Gennadi Strekalov. Sharma spent 7days, 21hours and 40minutes in the Salyut 7. The crew held a television news conference with officials in Moscow and then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. When Gandhi asked Sharma how India looked from outer space, he replied, ""Sare Jahan Se Accha"" (the best in the world). This is the title of a patriotic poem by Muhammad Iqbal against the British Raj. India became the 14thnation to send a man to outer space.
Jonathan Toews
Jonathan Bryan Toews ( ; born April 29, 1988 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is an Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He serves as their captain.