The hookah gained popularity under the reign of the Ottoman Dynasty. A hookah operates by water filtration and indirect heat.
The hookah has origins in Arabia, Persia, Turkey, India and ancient China. Ancient Persian paintings depict people smoking hookahs. In the early 19th century, Hookahs became popular with rich men, who often smoked them wearing smoking caps or fezzes and smoking jackets.
The more colloquial terms "hubble-bubble" and "hubbly-bubbly" may be used in the region surrounding the Red Sea.
The archaic form of this latter Indian name "hookah" is most commonly used in English for historical reasons. It was in India that many English-speakers first sampled the effects of the water pipe. The writer William Hickey wrote in his "Memoirs" that shortly after his arrival in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India in 1775:
The jar at the bottom of the hookah is filled with water sufficient to submerge a few inches of the body tube, which is sealed tightly to it. Deeper water will only increase the inhalation force needed to use it. Tobacco or tobacco-free molasses are placed inside the bowl at the top of the hookah. Often the bowl is covered with perforated tin foil or a metal screen and coal placed on top. The foil or screen separates the coal and the tobacco, which minimizes inhalation of coal ash with the smoke and reduces the temperature the tobacco is exposed to, in order to prevent burning the tobacco directly.
When one inhales through the hose, air is pulled through the charcoal and into the bowl holding the tobacco. The hot air, heated by the charcoal vaporizes the tobacco without burning it.
The vapor is passed down through the body tube that extends into the water in the jar. It bubbles up through the water, losing heat, and fills the top part of the jar, to which the hose is attached. When a smoker inhales from the hose, smoke passes into the lungs, and the change in pressure in the jar pulls more air through the charcoal, continuing the process.
Hookahs are widely used today. At parties, some people choose to smoke a hookah and spread it around for others to use. Hookah bars are places where people can meet up and smoke hookahs. Nowadays, hookahs appear in numerous designs, shapes, and sizes, from classic Egyptian look to modern and futuristic.
A 2005 WHO report states that smoking using a waterpipe poses a serious potential health hazard and is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. The average hookah session typically lasts more than 40 minutes, and consists of 50 to 200 inhalations that each range from 0.15 to 0.50 liters of smoke. In an hour-long smoking session of hookah, users consume about 100 to 200 times the volume of smoke of a cigarette.
Jassen Cullimore
Jassen A. Cullimore (born December 4, 1972 in Simcoe, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that last played for the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. He formerly played Vancouver Canucks from 1994-1996, the Montreal Canadiens from 1996-1997, the Tampa Bay Lightning from 1997-2003 winning the Stanley Cup with them during the 2003-04 NHL season, the Chicago Blackhawks from 2005-06, the Florida Panthers from 2007-08 and signed a two-way contract returning to the Chicago Blackhawks which he played one season with in 2010.
Big L
Lamont Coleman (30 May 1974 – 15 February 1999) was an American rapper better known by his stage name, Big L.
Henry Adaso from About.com ranked him #23 of the "Top 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987 - 2007)" and said the "[he was] one of the most auspicious storytellers in hip hop history." Coleman was also called "the most underrated lyricist ever" by HipHopDX.
On 15 February 1999, Big L was murdered at 45 West 139th Street after being shot nine times in the face and chest in a drive-by shooting at the age of 24. Gerard Woodley, his childhood friend, was arrested for the shooting. A spokesperson for the New York City Police Department said that "It's a good possibility it was retaliation for something [Big L's] brother did, or [Woodley] believed he had done". Woodley was later released and the murder is still unsolved.
Down with Webster
Down with Webster is a Canadian rap rock band from Toronto, Ontario. They are currently signed to Universal Motown records though producer Timbaland and KISS frontman Gene Simmons expressed interest in signing the band to their labels. They released their self-titled debut album on June 26, 2007.
Murray Bannerman
Murray Bannerman (born April 27, 1957 in Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks with the 58th overall pick in the 1977 NHL Draft. He played 8 seasons in the NHL 1 season with the Vancouver Canucks and 7 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks. He currently for the Blackhawk Alumni Association.
Carnival of Carnage
Carnival of Carnage is the first studio album by American hip hop band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on October 18, 1992. The producers of the album were Joseph Bruce, Mike Clark, Esham and Chuck Miller. The album was the first of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology.
Kid rock and Esham sing guest vocals on the album,
The album's lyrics are centered around the controversies, violence and politics in the ghetto.
Shaggy Dope sings vocals on "Night of the Axe" and "Wizard of The Hood".
Every song on the album except "Night of the Axe" and "Wizard of the Hood" is sung by Violent J.
1. Intro
2. Carnivals of Carnage
3. Juggla
4. First Day Out
5. Red Neck Clown
6. Wizard of the Hood (Vocals by Shaggy Dope)
7. Guts on the Ceiling
8. Is That you? (Feat. Kid Rock)
9. Night Of the Axe (Vocals sang by Shaggy Dope)
10. Psychopathic
11. Blackin, Your Eyes
12. Never had it made
13. Your Rebel Flag
14. Ghetto Freak Show
15. Taste (Feat. Esham)
Violent J- Vocals
Shaggy Dope- Occasional Vocals
Special Musical guests Kid rock and Esham.
2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash
The 2010 Israeli–Lebanese clash occurred on August 3, 2010. Israel Defence Forces and Lebanese Armed Forces fought along the border between Israel and Lebanon. Early reports said three Lebanese soldiers and one civilian were killed while five soldiers were wounded; reports also said 1 Israeli soldier was killed and 2 were wounded. This was the most serious fighting on the border since the 2006 Lebanon War.
South Lebanon conflict
The South Lebanon conflict describes a series of military clashes in South Lebanon involving Israel, Palestine Liberation Organization, Lebanese factions and Syria.
The conflict began in late 1960s and escalated in the 1970s. After the PLO leadership and its Fatah brigade were expelled from Jordan in 1971 for fomenting a revolt, they entered Lebanon and internal and cross-border violence increased. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had already recruited militants in Lebanon from among the families of Palestinian refugees who were expelled or fled due to the creation of Israel in 1948. By 1968, the PLO and Israel were committing cross border attacks against each other. Meanwhile, demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). PLO was one of the key factors to the eruption of the Lebanese Civil War and its bitter battles with Lebanese factions caused foreign intervention. Israel's 1978 invasion of Lebanon pushed the PLO north of the Litani River, but the PLO continued their campaign against Israel. Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982, in alliance with major Lebanese Christian militias, and forcibly expelled the PLO. Israel withdrew to a slim borderland buffer zone, held with the aid of proxy militants in the South Lebanon Army (SLA). Israel and Lebanon signed the May 17 Agreement providing a framework for the establishment of normal bilateral relations between the two countries, but relations were disrupted with takeover of Shia and Druze militias in early 1984.