Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines. The idea was to show that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable if species had been individually created.
There were six editions of the "Origin" during Darwin's life. The second, in 1860, was almost the same as the first. The sixth edition bore the title: "The origin of species".
There were many changes in the text in later editions. In the fifth edition of 1869 Darwin used Herbert Spencer's phrase 'survival of the fittest' for the first time, in the heading of chapter 4.
In the sixth and last edition, Darwin uses the word 'evolution' for the first time in this book. There is a new chapter 7 inserted:
The "Origin" was translated during Darwin's lifetime into Danish, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish and Swedish, and into 18 more languages since. Translations into some languages, such as French and German, were done more than once.
There are some reference works which help scholars to do research on the "Origin".
Peckham, Morse (ed) 1959. "The Origin of Species: a variorum text". University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. A variorum contains all variants of a text; this records every change made by Darwin to the first edition up to 1890.
Horblit H.D. 1964. "One hundred books famous in science". Grolier Club. Contains the first full bibliographic description of the first edition.
Barrett, Paul H., Weinshank D.J. and Gottleber T.T. 1961, reprint 1981. "A concordance to Darwin's "Origin of Species", first edition". Cornell, Ithaca & London. This takes every substantive word in the book in alphabetical order, and lists every occurrence with context and page number. Same idea as concordances to the Bible.
Stauffer R.C. (ed) 1975. "Charles Darwin's Natural Selection being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858". Edited from manuscript. Cambridge.
Freeman, Richard Broke 1965, 2nd ed 1977. "The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist". Dawson, Folkestone. Includes all the editions and reprints of all Darwin's works, as far as could be ascertained. Also, an on-line version with a few later corrections:
Armitage Shanks
Armitage Shanks is a porcelain sanitary-ware company that started in 1969. Its headquarters are in Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom. Its main product is toilets, but they also make bathroom fixtures and plumbing supplies. They have eight factories. A punk rock music band from the 1990s is named after them.
Armitage Shanks is made up of two older companies. Armitage started in 1817, when Thomas Bond started a pottery at Armitage, in Staffordshire. They began making toilets in the 1850s. The second company was Shanks which started making toilets at Barrhead near Glasgow, Scotland in 1878. The two companies joined together in 1969.
Standard of living
Standard of living usually refers to the economic level of an individual, family, or nation. People can measure it by the value of the goods and services produced or used by the individual, family, or nation in a period of time.
Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms a good standard of living as a human right with enough food, clothing, housing, social security and aid when having difficult situation, such as joblessness, illness, disability, losing one's partner, and being old. Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights affirms this as well.
Some measures try to take non-material things into account when trying to understand how people live. In an Economist study in 2005 Ireland was rated highest in quality of living, while Zimbabwe was seen as having one of the worst quality of life rates in the world.
Canaanite
Canaanites were a people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament. Most of their land, called Canaan, later became known as Israel.
The Canaanites settled in the region about 2000 BCE. They were the main inhabitants until about 1200 B.C. The Book of Joshua says that the Israelites conquered Canaan. However, archaeology and the Bible suggest that the Israelites only gradually became the area's main people. Archaeology also suggests that many Canaanite cities were destroyed by the Sea Peoples, or Philistines, in the 1100s BCE. The Sea Peoples may have sailed to Canaan from the area around the Aegean Sea.
The Canaanites were a Semitic people related to the Phoenicians, Amorites, Assyrians and Israelites. The Canaanites had a developed civilization. Their main political group was the city-state. In a city-state, a king ruled a city or town and the villages and land around it. The Bible mentions a number of Canaanite tribes.
The chief Canaanite gods were El (a creator god) and Baal (a storm god). The main goddesses were Anat, Asherah, and Astarte. They were fertility goddesses.
U.S. Route 101 in California
In the U.S. state of California, U.S. Route 101 (US 101) is one of the last remaining and longest U.S. Routes still active in the state, and the longest highway of any kind in California. US 101 was also one of the original U.S. Routes established in 1926.
This route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System.
US 101 starts at Olympia, Washington, runs south through the rest of Washington, through Oregon and then through California to Los Angeles.
The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is part of US 101.
Southern Californians usually refer to the highway as The 101 (where it is mostly a freeway). In Northern California, people simply call it 101.
Yelp, Inc.
Yelp, Inc. is a company that operates a social networking, user review, and local search web site of the same name. Over 31 million people access Yelp's website each month, putting it in the top 150 of U.S. Internet web sites.
John Stalberg, Jr.
John Stalberg, Jr. is an American movie director and screenwriter.
The first movie Stalberg directed was the comedy "High School". It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. It was released theatrically by Anchor Bay Entertainment on June, 1, 2012. He is also developing the project "Spanking Shakespeare", which he is writing and directing.
Free State Stadium
Free State Stadium is a sports stadium in Bloemfontein, South Africa.
The stadium will host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Is one of the 10 stadiums where World Cup games will be played.
2010 World Cup Matches
All times are given in South African Standard time (UTC+2).
Peter Mokaba Stadium
Peter Mokaba Stadium is a sports stadium in Polokwane, South Africa.
The stadium hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It is one of the 10 stadiums where the World Cup games were played.
2010 World Cup Matches
All times are given in South African Standard time (UTC+2).
Royal Bafokeng Stadium
Royal Bafokeng Stadium is a sports stadium in Rustenburg, South Africa.
The stadium will host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Is one of the 10 stadiums where World Cup games will be played.
2010 World Cup Matches
All times are given in South African Standard time (UTC+2).
The Dirty Energy Dilemma
The Dirty Energy Dilemma is a 2008 book by academic Benjamin K. Sovacool. In the book Sovacool discusses some of the "big energy challenges" facing the United States, and suggests that the fix for these problems is 'clean energy' in the form of energy efficiency and renewable energy. Sovacool sees no role for nuclear power in a clean energy transition.
"The Dirty Energy Dilemma" won a 2009 Nautilus Award.
Narita Airport Station
Nobuhiro Sadatomi
Nobuhiro Sadatomi (born 5 July 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
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Veljko Paunović
Veljko Paunović (born 21 August 1977) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team.
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Sebastián Battaglia
Sebastián Battaglia (born 8 November 1980) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Boca Juniors and Argentina national team.
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