In general TDES with three different keys (3-key {k, k, k} TDES) has a key length of 168 bits: three 56-bit DES keys (with parity bits 3-key TDES has the total storage length of 192 bits), but due to the meet-in-the-middle attack the effective security it provides is only 112 bits. Another version, called two-key TDES (2-key TDES), uses k = k, thus reducing the key size to 112 bits and the storage length to 128 bits. However, this mode can be taken advantage of through certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks and so TDES is treated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security.
By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software. TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, which are many of the places it is still used.
TDES is slowly disappearing from use, largely replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). One large-scale exception is within the electronic payments industry, which still uses 2TDES extensively and continues to develop and spread standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, the standard for inter-operation of IC cards; also called ""Chip cards"", and IC capable POS terminals and ATM's). This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard well into the future.
Breakout (album)
Breakout is the second studio album by singer Miley Cyrus. The album was released July 22, 2008. Singles from the album include "Full Circle", "Fly On The Wall", "7 Things", "Wake Up America", and "Breakout'.
Cyrus performed a free concert at Bryant Park on July 18, as a part of "Good Morning America"'s summer concert series. Cyrus also guest hosted "TRL" on two consecutive days, appeared on "Today", and performed as a part of their summer concert series, shutting down 84th street for the first time because of the number of fans who attended.
"See You Again (Rock Mafia Remix)" is the second single from the album, it was released on August 11, 2008, only in the United Kingdom as a promotional single. This song peaked at #11 in the UK Singles Chart, making her first Top 20 in that region.
See You Again
7 Things
"7 Things" is a single released June 2008 off the album "Breakout" by Miley Cyrus. The music video for "7 Things" was released May 30, 2008.
Girls Just Want to Have Fun
"Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" is a song by Cyndi Lauper. It was the first single by Lauper. The single reached number one in over ten countries. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Cap'n Lou Albano was in the music video for the song.
The song was covered by Miley Cyrus. The Miley Cyrus version is off her album "Breakout". It has been covered on either an album or in live concert by over 30 other artists.
Advanced Encryption Standard
In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is a symmetric-key, block cipher algorithm that was selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. It was selected for encrypting data. It is commonly used around the world. The Advanced Encryption Standard has replaced the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
As of 2008, AES is one of the most popular algorithms used in symmetric key cryptography. It is available to programmers and the general public with various software packages.
AES is a type of Rijndael () block cipher developed by Belgian programmers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology held a competition for a publicly available symmetric-key encryption algorithm and started accepting entries in 1997.
In 1998, fifteen algorithms were selected for the first round in the First AES Conference. After asking for comments, the NIST held the Second AES Conference where the top five algorithms were MARS, RC6, Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish.
By 2000 and the end of the Third AES Conference, the NIST selected Rijndael for the AES proposal. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was published as a Federal Information Processing Standard on November 26, 2001.
AES has a fixed block sizes of 128 bits and three values of key size 128, 192, or 256 bits."The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm (i.e., 128, 192 and 256) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level. TOP SECRET information will require use of either the 192 or 256 key lengths. The implementation of AES in products intended to protect national security systems and/or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA prior to their acquisition and use."
AES is fast in both software and hardware, is relatively easy to implement, and requires little memory.
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is defined in:
Shōnen (media)
Shōnen is a type of manga or anime meant for young teen boys usually between the ages of about 12 and 18. It often refers to manga. Examples include "Dragon Ball", "Bleach", "One Piece", "InuYasha", "Naruto", "YuYu Hakusho", "Yu-Gi-Oh!", and Fairy Tail
Shounen is usually noticed by its high amounts of fighting. It often has humorous plots with male characters. It often has themes of friendship. Fighting teams and similar groups are often shown. Attractive female characters are also common, but not always present. The art style of shounen is usually less pretty than shōjo.
Beyond shōnen manga, manga for men (age 18+) is called seinen manga. Very few seinen manga have been published outside of Japan. In Japan, many older men read shounen magazines. Because of this, in Japan, shounen manga magazines are the most popular manga magazines.
The Amazing Race
The Amazing Race is a reality television/game show. It is broadcast on CBS.
In "The Amazing Race", 11 or 12 teams of two people race around the world for $1,000,000, with information provided by "clues", or Route Info. There are certain "legs" of the race, culminated by "Pit Stops". At Pit Stops, teams check in for a mandatory 12 hour rest period, although sometimes the period can be 24 hours, 36 hours, or even once 60. Usually, the first team to arrive at a Pit Stop will receive a prize, such as a trip to a Caribbean country. On most of the Pit Stops on the race, the last team to arrive is eliminated from the race. However, two or three of those points are non-elimination. In Seasons 1-4, there was no penalty for coming in last in a non-elimination. From Seasons 5-9, teams had to give up all of their money and start the next leg without money. Even stricter, in Seasons 7-9, teams had to turn over all of their luggage. In Seasons 10 and 11, teams would start the next leg "Marked for Elimination". That meant that if they did not come in first at the next Pit Stop, they would have to wait out a 30-minute penalty. Starting from Season 12, teams coming in last on Non-Eliminations have to do a Speed Bump. A Speed Bump is a task that no other teams have to do.
"The Amazing Race" has several different tasks that teams must complete.
A Detour is a choice between two tasks. The team can choose which one it wants to complete. Teams are allowed to switch between Detour choices, but there is a harsh 6-hour penalty if you quit a Detour.
A Roadbock is a task where only one member of the team can perform. Teams cannot switch the member performing the task. There is a 4-hour penalty if teams quit.
A Fast Forward is a task in order for a team to skip tasks and head directly to the Pit Stop.
"The Amazing Race" was created by Bertram van Munster and Elise Doganieri in 2001. It has been airing from 2001 to present.
"The Amazing Race" is seen as hard to produce. Producers need to find places, come up with tasks and pick teams. Cameramen have to keep up with the teams, and people are not allowed to give away the results. However, "The Amazing Race" has won 6 Emmy awards.