Arsenic trichloride, also known as arsenic(III) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsCl. It has three arsenic-chlorine bonds in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenic trichloride is a colorless or yellowish liquid. It melts at -16°C and boils at 130.2°C. It reacts with water, similar to phosphorus trichloride, to make arsenous acid and hydrochloric acid. It makes fumes in moist air. It is highly toxic.
Arsenic trichloride is made by reacting arsenic with chlorine or by reacting arsenic trioxide with hydrochloric acid or sulfur monochloride.
It is used to make other arsenic compounds. It is also used to make organo-arsenic compounds.
Arsenic trifluoride
Arsenic trifluoride, also known as arsenic(III) fluoride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsF. It has arsenic and fluoride ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenic trifluoride is a colorless liquid. It melts at -8.5°C and boils at 60.4°C. It is highly toxic. It reacts with water to make arsenous acid and hydrofluoric acid, both very dangerous acids.
It is made by reacting arsenic trioxide with hydrofluoric acid or by reacting excess arsenic with fluorine.
It is used to change nonmetal chlorides to fluorides.
Arsenic fluoride
Arsenic fluoride can refer to either of these chemical compounds:
Arsenic triiodide
Arsenic triiodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsI. It has arsenic and iodide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenic triiodide is an orange-red solid. It easily sublimes. It dissolves in water and reacts very slowly to make arsenious acid and hydroiodic acid. The solution is very acidic. It breaks down when heated to make arsenic trioxide, arsenic metal, and iodine. It is a weak reducing agent.
It is made by reacting sodium or potassium iodide with arsenic trichloride.
As "Donovan's solution" it was said to treat many diseases which it did not treat.
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide, also known as white arsenic, arsenic(III) oxide, or arsenious oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsO. It has arsenic and oxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenic trioxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make an acidic solution of arsenious acid. It dissolves easily in bases to make arsenites. It reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to make arsenic trichloride. It reacts with very strong oxidizing agents to make arsenic pentoxide. It reacts with reducing agents to make arsenic or arsine. It sublimes much easier than metal oxides, making it easy to separate by heating the mixture.
Arsenic trioxide is rarely found as a mineral. It is normally made from orpiment or realgar, arsenic sulfide minerals. About 50,000 tons of arsenic trioxide are made each year. Arsenic trioxide is made by burning arsenic in air, reacting arsenic with concentrated sulfuric acid, or the roasting of arsenic sulfide ores.
It is used to make elemental arsenic. It was used as a pigment (in Paris green) and as a wood preservative but was banned in many countries because it is so toxic. Arsenic trioxide is used to fight cancer.
Arsenic trioxide is highly toxic when eaten. It also can be toxic if on the skin for long amounts of time. It affects the digestive system when eaten. Workers exposed to arsenic trioxide fumes in their job can be poisoned as well.
Arsenic oxide
Arsenic oxide can refer to either of these arsenic oxides:
Arsenic trisulfide
Arsenic trisulfide, also known as orpiment or arsenic(III) sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsS. It has arsenic and sulfide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenic trisulfide is a yellow solid. It is a semiconductor. It has a glass (amorphous) form and a crystalline form. It burns in air to make sulfur dioxide and arsenic trioxide, which makes a highly toxic smoke. Arsenic trisulfide can oxidize on the surface to make a highly toxic layer of arsenic trioxide as well. Arsenic trisulfide is not toxic unless it oxidizes. It does not react with acids.
Arsenic trisulfide is found as the mineral orpiment.
Arsenic trisulfide is made when an arsenic compound like arsenic trichloride reacts with hydrogen sulfide. It is also made when arsenic and sulfur are heated together.
It was looked at for treating cancer. It was used by the Egyptians as a pigment and cosmetic. It is used in glass.
Arsenous acid
Arsenous acid, also known as arsenious acid, is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is As(OH). It has arsenic and hydroxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenous acid is a colorless solution. It is a weak acid. It reacts with bases to make arsenite salts. It is highly toxic. It cannot be made in a crystalline form because it turns into arsenic trioxide and water again. It is similar to phosphorous acid, although it is not a strong reducing agent.
It is made by dissolving arsenic trioxide or arsenic trichloride in water.
Arsenite
Arsenite is an ion. Its chemical formula can be either AsO or AsO. It has arsenic in its +3 oxidation state. All arsenites are highly toxic. Sodium arsenite is an example. Arsenites are salts of arsenous acid.
Sometimes arsenite means arsenic trioxide, especially in groundwater chemistry (chemistry dealing with the properties of water in the ground)
Paris green
Paris green, which has the chemical name copper(II) acetoarsenite, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Cu(CHO) · 3 Cu(AsO). It has copper, acetate, and arsenite ions in it. The copper is in its +2 oxidation state.
Paris green is a blue-green solid. It is extremely toxic. It has a very bright blue-green color. It darkens in air.
It is made by reacting copper(II) acetate with arsenic trioxide and water.
Paris green was first used to kill rats in sewers in Paris. This is where it got its name from. It was used as an insecticide. It was dropped from airplanes to stop malaria in Italy. It was used as a bright green pigment. It was painted on ships to prevent barnacles from growing. In many places, Paris green is banned because it is so toxic. It is only used in a very few places.
Paris green is extremely toxic. It used to be common and so was a common poison.
Potassium arsenite
Potassium arsenite is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KAsO. It has potassium and arsenite ions in it.
It is a solid. It is highly toxic.
It is made by reacting arsenic trioxide with potassium hydroxide.
It was used as a "medicine", but it is carcinogenic and toxic so it is not used anymore. It is banned for use as a pesticide in the United Kingdom.
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaAsO. It has sodium and arsenite ions in it.
Sodium arsenite is a colorless solid. It is highly toxic and carcinogenic.
Sodium arsenite is made by reacting sodium hydroxide with arsenic trioxide.
Arsenic pentafluoride
Arsenic pentafluoride, also known as arsenic(V) fluoride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsF. It has five arsenic-fluorine bonds in it. The arsenic is in its +5 oxidation state.
Arsenic pentafluoride is a colorless gas. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It is highly toxic. It makes an ionic bond with sulfur tetrafluoride. Its melting point is -79.8°C and its boiling point is -52.8°C.
Arsenic pentafluoride is made by reacting arsenic trifluoride with fluorine or by reacting arsenic with a large amount of fluorine.
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic pentoxide, also known as arsenic(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsO. It has arsenic and oxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +5 oxidation state. More common is arsen in its oxidation state +3 as AsO (arsenic trioxide or arsenic(III) oxide). The LD50 for arsenic pentoxide is 8mg/kg for rats. When the substance becomes wet, it turns into arsenic acid, which corrodes metals.