If there are a finite number of elements, the median is easy to find. The values need to be arranged in a list, from the lowest to highest. If there is an odd number of values, the median is the one at position formula_3. For example, if there are 13 values, they can be arranged into two groups of 6, with the median in between, at position 7. With an even number of values, as there is no single number which divides all of the numbers to two halves, the median is defined as the mean of the two central elements. With 14 observations, this would be the mean of the elements at positions 7 and 8, which is their sum divided by 2.
Alternatively, the median of an even-sized list is sometimes defined as either of the two middle elements; the choice being either (a) always the smallest one, (b) always the largest one, or (c) randomly choose between the two. This alternative definition has two important advantages: it guarantees that the median is always a list element (for example. a list of integers will never have a fractional median), and it guarantees that the median exists for any ordinal-valued data. On the other hand, when one of the choices (a) or (b) is taken, the median of a sample will be biased, which is an unwanted property of a statistical estimator. Definition (c) does not have that disadvantage, but it is more difficult to do. It also has the disadvantage that the same list of values does not have a well-defined, deterministic median.
Median and mean are different in several ways. Mean is a better measure in many cases, because many of the statistical tests can use mean and standard deviation of two observations to compare them, while the same comparison cannot be performed using the medians.
Median is more useful when the variance of the values is not important, and we only need a central measure of the values. If the maximum value of a set of numbers changes while the other numbers of this set are kept the same, the mean of this set of numbers changes, but the median does not.
Another advantage of median is that it can be calculated sooner when we are studying survival data. For example, a researcher can calculate the median survival of patients with a kidney transplant, when half the patients participated in his study die. Calculating the mean survival requires continuing the study, and following all the patients until their death.
Suppose one wants to know how many jelly beans most people in the room have, and that there are five people in the room:
The results change a lot for numbers with larger ranges. Suppose that one has the following group of five people:
In this second case, the mean gives a poor understanding of how many jelly beans most people have (10 or less), while the median gives a better idea of the number of jelly beans most people have. To divide up the number of jelly beans equally, however, one would use the mean. The median is basically the middle number.
Mode (statistics)
In statistics, the mode of a set of data is the one that occurs most. Very often, samples of data are collected. These might be measurements of some kind. In this context, the mode is the value that occurs most often. Unlike the median and the mean, the mode is not necessarily unique. There might be several different values that occur the same number of times.
S.S.C. Napoli
S.S.C. Napoli ("Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli") is an Italian football club. The club plays in Serie A. Its home stadium is the Stadio San Paolo in Naples, Italy. They team plays in light blue shirts, white shorts and light blue socks as uniforms.
The club was formed in 1926 and it was in most of its history in Serie A. It was Diego Armando Maradona who put Napoli on the world soccer map, leading them to scudettos in 1987 and 1990 and the UEFA Cup in 1989. They also won the Coppa Italia in 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014 and 2020, a Coppa delle Alpi in 1966 and two Supercoppa Italiana in 1990 and 2014.
Napoli dropped to Serie B in 2001. With a debt of about 70 million euros, the club went bankrupt in August 2004. A new club, Napoli Soccer, was born. Napoli Soccer was renamed Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli in early 2006.
These are players who once played for Napoli and players who still do.
At War with Satan
At War with Satan is the third album by English black metal band Venom. It was released on 16 April 1984.
Antichrist
In Christian beliefs, the Antichrist or Anti-christ ("anti" means opposite; "christ" means messiah) is used to speak about a person or image that implies evil, and more than one person. It is also said that antichrist is the devil himself.
The Biblical Book of Revelation refers to two "Beasts". One of them is often identified as the Antichrist, the counter-messiah of the devil.
Baker
A baker is somebody who makes mainly bread. Some bakers also make cakes and desserts, but a traditional baker only makes bread. The place where a baker works is called a bakehouse or a bakery.
The first bread was made by the Egyptians in 8000 BC and in the Middle Ages most landlords had a bakery. They had a public oven and housewives brought the dough to the baker to cook.
Bread is now much sweeter than it was in the Middle Ages because a lot of corn syrup or honey is used.
Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method used in statistics. It helps you describe the results you get from an experiment. The hypothesis test tells you the likelihood that a specific result would happen by chance.
Statistical hypothesis tests answer the question: "Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of getting a value which is at least as extreme as the value that was actually observed?".
So, for example, if the result would only happen by chance 5% of the time, then the experimental hypothesis is supported to the 95% level.
Luxembourg City
The city of Luxembourg (, , German: "Luxemburg"), also known as Luxembourg City (, , German: "Stadt Luxemburg"), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
The city is at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg. In the city is found the Luxembourg Castle, built by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.
During the Roman period, two main roads crossed the territory of the present city of Luxembourg; these two roads met at the place "Marché-aux-Poissons" (now a street and a neighborhood) dominated by a fortified tower. A castle was built here and it was called "Lucilinburhuc" ("small castle"). In 963, this place became a property of Siegfried I, a close relative of the Emperors of Germany and Kings of France. Siegfried built a castle, not far from the "Lucilinburhuc" castle, on a rocky cliff called the "Bock" (). This place is now considered the birthplace of the city, the country and the nation.
In 1994 UNESCO named the Old Quarters and Fortifications a World Heritage Site.
The city of Luxembourg has an area of , about 2% of the territory of the whole country. The altitude varies between high (Beggen, Bastogne street) and high (Dommeldange); it is high at the centre of the city.
Luxembourg's climate is on the boundary of oceanic ("Cfb" in the Koeppen climate classification) and humid continental ("Dfb") climates.
, there are 115,227 persons living in the "commune", for a population density of inhabitants/km².
Vacuum cleaner
A vacuum cleaner is a device that cleans dust and dirt from floors. Sometimes it is just called a "vacuum" because it uses the force of a vacuum to suck dirt into a large chamber from which it can be dumped into the garbage.
There are several types of vacuum cleaners:
TV Tokyo
TV Tokyo is a television station in Tokyo, Japan. It is also known as "Teleto," a portmanteau of "terebi," the Japanese word for "television," and "Tokyo." Its main owner is Nihon Keizai Shimbun. TV Tokyo is the smallest of the major Tokyo TV networks.
Drawer