Burushaski () is a language isolate spoken by some 87,000 (as of 2000) Burusho people in the Hunza, Nagar, Yasin, and parts of the Gilgit valleys in the Northern Areas, Pakistan. It is also spoken by some 300 speakers in Srinagar, Indian-administered Kashmir. Other names for the language are Kanjut (Kunjoot), Werchikwār, Boorishki, Brushas (Brushias).
Today Burushaski contains many loanwords from Urdu (including English words received via Urdu) and from neighbouring Dardic languages such as Khowar and Shina, as well as a few from Turkic languages and from the neighboring Sino-Tibetan language Balti, but the original vocabulary remains largely intact. The Dardic languages also contain large numbers of loanwords from Burushaski.
There are three dialects, named after the main valleys: Hunza, Nagar, and Yasin (also called Werchikwār). The dialect of Yasin is thought to be the least affected by contact with neighboring languages and is generally less similar to the other two than those are to each other; nevertheless all three dialects are mutually intelligible.
Khowar language
Kho is a Dadikai language. It is spoken by fewer than 1,000 people. These people live in the upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Khowar has many loanwords taken from Hindustani, Persian, and Ghalchah. It also has words from Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.
In the 19th century, when the area was conquered by Hindustanis, many words from the Hindustani languages entered Kho, like "afas" from the Hindustani "aas", which means hope; "ruphi" from the Hindustani "rukna". which means to stop; "usna" from the Hindustani "uthana", which means to lift up; and "choghi" from the Hindustani "chori", which means to steal.
Islamgarh
Islamgarh () (or Akhalgarh, where "Akhal" means the Immortal and "Garh" means "Place of") is a small New town near the village of Chak Haryam, that is close to the Mangla Dam and one of 25 towns in the Union Councils of Pakistan is the Chakswari Tehsil, Mirpur District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 10,082 people lived there in 1998.
Dhatki language
Dhatki, also known as Dhati or Thari, is a sociolect of Marwari dialect of Rajasthani language. It is spoken in western parts of Jaisalmer and Barmer districts of Rajasthan in the Republic of India and eastern parts of Sindh province of Pakistan. Its characteristic phonological features are glottalized or implosive sounds. Many Dhatki speaking communities migrated to British India in 1947 after the partition and continued to do so in small numbers, but still there is a sizable number of Dhatki speakers in districts Tharparkar, Umarkot, Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Badin and other areas of Sindh Pakistan.
Dehwari language
Dehwari is a Southwestern Iranian language spoken by over 20,0000 people in Balochistan, Pakistan. Most of the Dehwari speakers are concentrated in Mastung, Khuzdar, Nushk, Kharan, Sarlath, Dalbandin, and Kalat.
Dogri language
Dogri () is an Indo-Aryan Language.Although formerly treated as a Punjabi dialect, Dogri is now considered to be a member of the Western Pahari group of languages.
It is spoken by about two million people in Jammu Kashmir region and Pakistan, chiefly in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, but also in northern Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, other parts of Indian controlled Kashmir, and elsewhere. Dogri speakers are called Dogras, and the Dogri-speaking region is called Duggar.
Dogri is a member of the Western Pahari Group of languages. The language is referred to as Pahari (पहाड़ी ) in the Pakistan's Punjab provincial region and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Unusually for an Indo-European language, Dogri is tonal, a trait it shares with other Western Pahari languages and Punjabi, of whom it is considered as a dialect.
Domaaki language
Domaakí - also known as Dumaki or Domaá - is a language spoken in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
It is the traditional tongue of the Dóoma (sg. Dóom), a small ethnic group scattered in extended family units among larger host communities. In former times, Domaaki speakers traditionally worked as blacksmiths and musicians, but nowadays they are also engaged in a variety of other professions.
In almost all places of their present settlement the Dooma, who are all Muslims, have long since given up their original mother tongue in favour of the language of their respective host community. Only in the Nager and Hunza Valleys has Domaaki survived until the present day.
Following its geographic location, Domaaki can be divided into two dialects: Nager-Domaaki and Hunza-Domaaki. Although there are considerable differences between these two varieties, they are not so severe as to prevent mutual intelligibility.
Presently Domaaki counts less than 350 (mostly elderly) speakers – ca. 300
of them related to Hunza; around 40 related to Nager – and is thus to be considered a highly endangered language.
Gawar-Bati language
Gawar-Bati is known in Chitral as Aranduyiwar, because it is spoken in Village Arandu, which is the last village in the bottom of Chitral and is across the Kunar River from Berkot in Afghanistan. Chitral keeps a military base in Arandu to guard against an attack by Afghanistan.
There are 9,000 speakers of Gawar-Bati, but only 1,500 are in Pakistan. The rest are in Afghanistan.
The Gawar-Bati Language has not been given study by serious linguists, except that it is mentioned by George Morgenstierne (1926) and Kendall Decker (1992). It is classified as a Dardic Language but this is more of a geographical classification than a linguistic one.
The Norwegian linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mun, Palula, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Yidgha, Burushaski, Gujar, Wakhi, Kyrgyz, Persian and Pashto. Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu or Persian.
Goaria language
Goaria is a Marwari Rajasthani language spoken by some 25,000 people in Sindh Province, of Pakistan. The people are predominantly Hindu, and use the Hindi language for worship.
Gujari language
Gojri, also known as 'Gujari' is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Gurjars, or Gujjars of Northern Pakistan and the Republic of India. It is classified as a form or dialect of Rajasthani by the linguists.
The language is mainly spoken in the Punjab provinces of Hindustan and Pakistan and also in Jammu & Kashmir, it is most closely related to Marwari and Gujarati.
Hazaragi
Hazaragi () spoken by the Hazara people in south Asia.
Hazaragi is a language which is related to Turkish, mongolian and Indo-European languages. It is easily distinguishable from other turkic and mongolic languages spoken in different countries in South Asia. Hazaragi contains some Turkic and Mongolic words.
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people of central Afghanistan as well as by a large refugee population found in northeastern Iran and in parts of Pakistan, such as Quetta.
Hindko
Hindko ( , also Hindku or Hinko,) is a n Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan. The language is spoken in areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (including Hazara), Punjab (including Attock), and Azad Kashmir by an estimated 2.2 to 4 million.
There is no proper, formal generic name for these people because they belong to diverse ethnicities and tend to identify themselves by the larger families, castes and tribes. However the people of the largest group in the districts of Haripur, Abbottabad and Mansehra are sometimes recognised collectively as "Hazarawal", named after the Hazara Division that comprises these districts. In Peshawar city they are referred to as "Kharay" meaning City-dwellers or Hindkowans.
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