In biology an organism is said to be cosmopolitan (or cosmopolite) if it can be found almost anywhere on the Earth.
Examples include:
Bengali people
The Bengali people are the main ethnic group in the region of Bengal (now divided between Bangladesh and the Republic of India) in South Asia. They speak Bengali (বাংলা Bangla), a language of the eastern branch of the Indo-Aryan languages.
They are natively concentrated in the nation of Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura. Some of the most well established Bengali communities are in the Middle East, Japan, Malaysia, United Kingdom and United States.
Remnants of civilisation in the greater Bengal region date back 4,000 years, when the region was settled by Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic peoples. The origin of the word "Bangla ~ Bengal" is unknown, but it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe "Bang" that settled in the area around the year 1000 BC.
After the arrival of Indo-Aryans, the kingdoms around Bengal were first described in the "Atharvaveda" about 1000 BC. From the 6th century BC, Magadha expanded to include most of the Bihar and Bengal regions. It was one of the four main kingdoms of India at the time of Buddha. Magadha extended over nearly all of South Asia, including parts of Persia and Afghanistan, reaching its greatest extent under the Buddhist emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BC. One of the earliest foreign references to Bengal is the mention of a land ruled by the king Xandrammes named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from "Gangahrd" (Land with the Ganges in its heart) in reference to an area in Bengal. Later from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AD, the kingdom of Magadha served as the seat of the Gupta Empire.
Baloch people
The Baloch (بلوچ) (other spellings: Baluch, Balouch, Bloach, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush) live in the part of Balochistan in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Southwest Asia, including parts of eastern Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
The Baloch speak Balochi language, an Iranian language. They mainly live in mountainous places of the Iranian plateau in Iran, Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan.
Iranian plateau
The Iranian plateau, also known as the Persian plateau is a geological formation in Southwest Asia, Southern Asia and the Caucasus region. As a historical region, it includes Parthia, Media and eastern Persia, the heartlands of Greater Persia (mainly Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan west of the River Indus).
Punjabis
The Punjabi people (, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia (Pakistan and India). They come from the Punjab region, which has been home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization. The Punjabi identity is usually cultural and linguistic, with Punjabis being those whose first language is Punjabi, an Indo-European dialect.
Treeshrew
A treeshrew is a small mammal in the order Scandentia.
They live in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. They make up the families Tupaiidae and Ptilocercidae. There are 20 species in five genera.
Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews, and are not all arboreal. Among other things, they eat "Rafflesia" fruit. They used to be classified in the Insectivora.
Al-Nassr
Al-Nassr Football Club (; "Naṣr" meaning "Victory") is a Saudi football club that was formed in 1955. The club is in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Al-Nassr is well-known through Asia and the Middle East. The club has a large base of supporters, possibly the most supported club in Saudi Arabia.
Many legendary footballers from Saudi Arabia have played for Al-Nassr. Among them are Majed Abdullah, Fahad Al-Herafy, Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan, Yousef Khamees and many other outstanding players.
Al-Nassr's kit colors are yellow and blue. The logo resembles the Arabian Peninsula with the same colors, symbolizing the sand of Saudi Arabia and the sea near it.
Grosvenor Bridge
Grosvenor Bridge, also called Victoria Railway Bridge, is a railway bridge over the River Thames in London, between Vauxhall Bridge and Chelsea Bridge.
It is made up of two bridges that were both built in the mid-19th century. The eastern side was built by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway in 1858-60 to carry trains into Victoria Station. This was the first railway bridge across the Thames in central London. The western side was built by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1865/66.
Both bridges were rebuilt in steel in 1963–67, the original piers now being wrapped in concrete. The designer for this work was Freeman Fox & Partners.
On the north bank is Pimlico to the north and east and Chelsea to the west. The Lister Hospital and the Royal Chelsea Hospital are immediately to the north west. On the south bank is Nine Elms to the east and Battersea to the west. Battersea Power Station is immediately to the south of the bridge, and Battersea Park to the south west.
Vauxhall Bridge
Vauxhall Bridge is a steel and granite bridge in central London. It crosses the River Thames in a north-west south-east direction between Vauxhall on the south bank and Westminster on the north bank.
Vauzhall Bridge in 1906. It replaced an earlier bridge as part of a program for redeveloping the south bank of the Thames. The original bridge was itself built on the site of a former ferry.
The building of both bridges was difficult, with both the first and second bridges needing multiple redesigns from multiple architects. The original bridge, the first iron bridge over the Thames, was built by a private company and was run as a toll bridge before being taken into public ownership in 1879. The second bridge, which took eight years to build, was the first in London to carry trams and later one of the first two roads in London to have a bus lane.
The present bridge is most significant for road traffic across the Thames.
In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the route of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames.
Ambrose Burnside
Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive and politician. He served as governor and a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island. As a Union Army general in the American Civil War, he fought successful campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater. Burnside commanded the IX Corps, the Department of Ohio, and also the Army of the Potomac for a few months. His distinctive style of facial hair is now known as sideburns, derived from his last name.
List of crossings of the River Thames
This is a list of crossings of the River Thames including bridges, tunnels and ferries. There are 214 bridges, over 20 tunnels, six public ferries and one ford. The list starts at the downstream (Estuary) end and follows the river upstream towards the start of the river.
A few of the crossings listed are public pedestrian crossings making use of walkways across lock gates and bridges above or near-by weirs. Most of the other locks on the River Thames also have walkways across their lock gates and weirs, but these either do not fully cross the river, or are for the use of authorised people only, and are so are not listed.
Besides the ferry crossings listed, there are commuter boat services along the river in London, and tourist boat services running both in London and upstream. Although the main purpose of these services is not to carry people across the river, it may be possible to use them to do so.
Railway Gazette International