The apical complex includes vesicles which open at the front of the cell. They secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the "polar ring", and among the Conoidasida there is also a funnel of tubulin proteins called the "conoid".
The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates. Several related flagellates, such as "Perkinsus" and "Colpodella", have structures similar to the polar ring and were formerly included here, but most appear to be closer relatives of the dinoflagellates. They are probably similar to the common ancestor of the two groups.
Another similarity is that many apicomplexan cells contain a single plastid, called the apicoplast, surrounded by either 3 or four membranes. Its functions are thought to include tasks such as lipid and haem biosynthesis. It appears to be necessary for survival. The plastids are thought to have a common origin with the chloroplasts of dinoflagellates, and evidence points to an origin from red algae rather than green.
GarageBand
GarageBand is music software made by Apple Inc. It allows you to make your own music and even make music with a MIDI keyboard. GarageBand includes hundreds of beats and audio loops.
The newest version, Version 10.0.2, has a new presentation of looks and with more music and sounds.
Raja Dahir
Raja Dahir ( b. 679, d. 712) was a Sindhi Hindu ruler. He was the last Sindi Hindu in Sindh and parts of Punjab in what is Pakistan today. In the early part of the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi took control of Dahir's kingdom for the Umayyad Caliphate.
Aconoidasida
The Aconoidasida are a class of apicomplexan parasites. The class has two orders: Haemosporinidae and Piroplasmorida.
Schelte J. Bus
Schelte John "Bobby" Bus (born in 1956) is an astronomer at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy.
Bus has found or co-found over 1,000 asteroids as well as the comet 87P/Bus. 3254 Bus was named after him by Edward L. G. Bowell when he found it in 1982.
Siding Spring Observatory
Siding Spring Observatory is an observatory near in Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University.
David Rosenhan
David L. Rosenhan (1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American psychologist. He was best known for the Rosenhan experiment. This was a study which looked at how valid psychiatry diagnoses were.
Rosenhan got his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yeshiva University. At Columbia University in 1953 he earned his master's degree. Five years later, he earned a Ph.D in psychology. Rosenhan was an expert on psychology and law.
In 1973 Rosenhan published "On Being Sane in Insane Places". This was one of the most-read pieces of writing in psychology. The article talks about the Rosenhan experiment. The experiment was that eight people with no history of psychopathology would try to get into twelve psychiatric hospitals. All of these people were allowed in, and were diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Psychiatrists then tried to cure the people using psychiatric medicines. All eight were allowed to leave within 7 to 52 days, but only when they had said that they accepted the illness they had been diagnosed with. Later in the study, a research and teaching hospital challenged Rosenhan to run a similar experiment with its own diagnoses and rules for letting people in to the hospital. Psychiatric staff were warned that at least one pseudo-patient might be sent to their hospital. At least one staff member thought that 83 out of the 193 new patients were actors. In fact, Rosenhan sent no actors. The study showed that the ways diagnosis was done was very inaccurate in telling people with mental disorders and people without mental disorders apart. The paper made a lot of controversy. Some people are not sure of how valid and credible the study was, but say that psychiatric diagnoses need to be improved.
Professor Rosenhan worked with the Stanford University Department of Psychology. Later, he became professor emeritus at Stanford University. He died on February 6, 2012, aged 82.
Leniniana
Leniniana is a topic for collecting postage stamps that tell about the life and story of Lenin (1870–1924) or people, places, etc. connected with him. The topic was common in the Soviet Union.
Iranian rial
The rial (IRR") is the name of Iran's currency. It was first introduced in 1798. One toman"' equals 10 rials.
The toman (تومان tumân) is no longer an official unit of Iranian currency, but Iranians usually quote money and prices of goods in tomans. For this purpose, one toman equals 10 rials.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas is a genus of gammaproteobacteria. They are in the family of pseudomonads. "Pseudomonas" bacteria can be found in many different environments, such as soil, water, and plant and animal tissue.
There are many "Pseudomonas" species. Some are parasitic and invade animal tissues. In humans, pathogenic "Pseudomonas" thrive, especially after antibiotic treatment: once they are able to multiply rapidly they can be harmful.
Giant magnetoresistance
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a very small magnetic effect found in thin layers of iron and other materials. It is used to read and write information in hard drives.
The GMR effect can be measured when a magnet is used to change the flow of electricity. The 2007 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.
GMR was discovered in layers iron, chrome and ferrite by Peter Grünbergs research team of the Jülich Research Centre (Germany) in 1988. Peter Grünberg owns a patent for the technology. It was also discovered by Albert Ferts research group of the University of Paris-Sud (France) in layers ferrite and chrome. The Fert group were first to see what they thought of as a "large" effect which is why they gave the name "Giant". The Fert group were also first to explain the correct physics of GMR. The discovery was the beginning of the science spintronics. Grünberg and Fert have been given prizes and awards, including the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics, for this discovery and other spintronics work.
In multilayer GMR, two or more magnetic layers are separated by a very thin (about 1 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. Ferrite, a form of iron, is a magnetic layer and chrome is an insulating layer. At certain thickness, the strength of magnetism between the layers becomes easy to measure and adjust. The strength of electrical current between the layers can change by up to 10%.
The GMR effect was first observed in stacks of 10 or more layers.
In spin valve GMR, two magnetic layers are separated by a thin (~3 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. It is possible to measure and adjust the strength of magnetism between these layers.
It is hoped that research into spinning electrons will improve spin valves.
Materials used in spin valves are copper and an alloy of nickel and iron.
Spin valve GMR is the most useful sort for hard drives and is tested carefully to meet industry standards.
Granular GMR is an effect found in copper containing grains of cobalt. It is not possible to control the strength of granular GMR in the same manner as Multilayer GMR.
GMR is used in modern hard drives and magnetic sensors. Another use of the GMR effect is in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). GMR has begun a new science of electronics called spintronics.
Keiju Karashima
Keiju Karashima (born 24 June 1971) is a former Japanese football player.
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Grigoris Georgatos
Grigoris Georgatos (born 31 October 1972) is a former Greek football player. He has played for Greece national team.
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Angelos Charisteas