jeggers/ifqa huggingface dataset:
In mathematics, the Wiener process is a real valued continuous-time stochastic process named in honor of American mathematician Norbert Wiener for his investigations on the mathematical properties of the one-dimensional Brownian motion. It is often also called Brownian motion due to its historical connection with the physical process of the same name originally observed by Scottish botanist Robert Brown. It is one of the best known Lévy processes (càdlàg stochastic processes with stationary independent increments) and occurs frequently in pure and applied mathematics, economics, quantitative finance, evolutionary biology, and physics. The Wiener process plays an important role in both pure

Question: If Scottish botanist Robert Brown had never observed the physical process in applied mathematics, which motion would not bear his name?
Answer: Brownian motion
Brownian
&amp; Jamie-Rose Monk as Maureen. Television version. Granada Television producer Peter Eckersley was so impressed with the show, he signed Wood up for a TV version of it which was broadcast on the ITV network on 5 August 1979. Wood had originally written the part of Julie for her co-star in "In at the Death", Julie Walters, and while she was not available for the stage version, she was able to appear in the TV remake. It was the first of many television appearances the two would make together. The rest of the cast were Bill Waddington (George Findley), Kevin

Question: If the TV version of Talent had premiered a year later than its original broadcast, in which decade would it have been aired?
Answer: 1980s
The group decided to publish twelve titles for simultaneous release in what was to be called the Little Golden Books Series. Each book would have forty-two pages, twenty-eight printed in two-color, and fourteen in four-color. The books would be staple-bound. The group originally discussed a 50-cent price for the books, but Western did not want to compete with other 50-cent books already on the market. The group calculated that if the print run for each title was 50,000 copies instead of 25,000, the books could be sold for 25 cents each. In September 1942, the first 12 titles were printed

Question: If Western Publishing had decided to compete with other 50-cent books on the market, what would have been the retail price for the Little Golden Books Series?
Answer: 50-cent
50 cents
prior to "A Goofy Movie"s release, the film was frequently associated with Katzenberg, and by April 1995, Katzenberg had been let go by Disney's CEO Michael Eisner due to tensions between them, and the company saw the release of "A Goofy Movie" as simply fulfilling contractual obligations. "A Goofy Movie" was originally scheduled for a November 1994 theatrical release, but production setbacks resulted in a push-back to 1995, while "The Lion King" was reissued to fill in for the film's absence. The film's world premiere took place on April 5, 1995, at the AMC Pleasure Island at Walt Disney World

Question: If there had been no production setbacks, when was "A Goofy Movie" originally scheduled for theatrical release?
Answer: November 1994
However, this hypothesis, which was initially proposed by Joseph Larmor in 1919, has been modified due to extensive studies of magnetic secular variation, paleomagnetism (including polarity reversals), seismology, and the solar system's abundance of elements. Also, the application of the theories of Carl Friedrich Gauss to magnetic observations showed that Earth's magnetic field had an internal, rather than external, origin. There are three requisites for a dynamo to operate: In the case of the Earth, the magnetic field is induced and constantly maintained by the convection of liquid iron in the outer core. A requirement for the induction of field

Question: If extensive studies of magnetic secular variation, paleomagnetism (including polarity reversals), seismology, and the solar system's abundance of elements had not been conducted, what type of field would the dynamo theory have been used to explain in relation to the Earth and the Sun?
Answer: Magnetic
form leading teaching roles in various theological seminaries of the Church in many cities and towns of the United States. Architecture. St. Mary's Seminary Chapel. St. Mary's Seminary Chapel, a Neo-Gothic style church designed by French architect J. Maximilian M. Godefroy was built in 1806. The bricks were originally intended for the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, but when Bishop Carroll decided to construct his cathedral in stone, the bricks were purchased by his cousin, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and donated to the Sulpicians. Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the Sisters of Charity, pronounced vows of

Question: If Charles Carroll of Carrollton hadn't donated the bricks to the Sulpicians, what was the original intended use for these bricks?
Answer: cathedral
The Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
for the titular hero to not harm "real" people. Although the ring stages were originally supposed to be tutorial stages, they became a part of regular gameplay due to the other changes. These conflicts resulted in a delayed production process where "it took [Titus] months to get every single character approved" and an inability to fix bugs and issues associated with the collision detection and controls that the final product would be criticized for. Near the end of its development, technical support was provided for Titus by Nintendo of America. Pre-release publicity. "Superman" was shown at three E3 events in

Question: If the ring stages in Superman 64 hadn't been incorporated into regular gameplay, what would their original purpose have been?
Answer: tutorial
Trinity Square is a shopping and leisure centre in Gateshead, North East England. The new centre was constructed on the site of former multi-storey car park and shopping complex going by the same name, which originally opened in 1967. The former Trinity Square was noted for its Brutalist architecture produced by Rodney Gordon when he worked for the Owen Luder Partnership. The car park had a prominent role in the 1971 film "Get Carter," so is commonly referred to as the Get Carter car park. The demolition of the car park structure itself started on 26 July 2010 and was
12 months. Trinity Square is a shopping and leisure centre in Gateshead, North East England. The new centre was constructed on the site of former multi-storey car park and shopping complex going by the same name, which originally opened in 1967. The former Trinity Square was noted for its Brutalist architecture produced by Rodney Gordon when he worked for the Owen Luder Partnership. The car park had a prominent role in the 1971 film "Get Carter," so is commonly referred to as the Get Carter car park. The demolition of the car park structure itself started on 26 July 2010

Question: If the original Trinity Square in Gateshead, North East England, had opened five years later than it actually did, in which decade would it have been inaugurated?
Answer: 1970s
Robert Peter Farah () (born 23 January 1984) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australian international, Lebanese international and captain of New South Wales Blues team, he has played the majority of his professional career with the Wests Tigers, with whom he won the 2005 NRL Premiership. Between 2006 and 2012, Farah played for City in six City vs Country representative games, captaining the team from 2009 onwards. He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs during the 2017 and 2018 National Rugby League seasons. Background. Born in Sydney, New South

Question: If Robert Peter Farah, the Australian rugby league footballer, hadn't participated in the 2017 and 2018 National Rugby League seasons, which team would have been required to find his replacement?
Answer: South Sydney Rabbitohs
City to alleviate the bottleneck under the Hudson River and allow for refurbishment of the existing North River Tunnels. If constructed, two new tunnels would add 25 cross-Hudson train slots during rush hours and connect to a 7-track, 4-platform terminal annex to Penn Station to its south. Some previously planned improvements already underway have also been incorporated into the Gateway plan. The Gateway Program was unveiled in 2011, one year after the cancellation of the somewhat-similar Access to the Region's Core (ARC) project, and was originally projected to cost $14.5 billion and take 14 years to build. Construction of a

Question: If the Gateway Program's initial projected cost had been double its original estimate, how many billions of dollars would it have been?
Answer: 29
February 2010 release but was pushed back until after the release of the new Alkaline Trio album. Meanwhile, Andriano performed and recorded as a solo project titled The Emergency Room. That October Alkaline Trio played the Riot Fest, an annual Chicago punk rock festival, alongside older Chicago bands including Screeching Weasel, Pegboy, and Naked Raygun. Skiba noted that reconnecting with these and other friends in the Chicago music scene allowed their punk rock influences to seep into the new Alkaline Trio album even more. On December 1, 2009 the album's title was announced as "This Addiction", which is also the

Question: If Matt Skiba had released his solo album "Demos" as initially planned, in which month and year would it have been released?
Answer: February 2010
to us, What these artists are doing means the world to the gay community." In October 2011, Kesha teamed up with the Human Rights Campaign and designed a unisex T-shirt embroidered with purple zebra print – intended to represent "spirit" in the LGBT's pride flag. The shirt's design was titled with the writing "We R Who We R" and was made for that year's National Coming Out Day. Credits and personnel. Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Cannibal", Dynamite Cop Music/Where Da Kasz at BMI. "We R Who We R" is a song by American singer Kesha from her

Question: If American singer Kesha had collaborated with the Human Rights Campaign to design their pro-LGBT t-shirt a year prior, which year would that have been?
Answer: 2010
The 1999 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 24–28, 1999 at La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California. It was the first WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship and the first of three World Golf Championships events held in 1999. Jeff Maggert won his first World Golf Championships event at the match-play, by defeating Andrew Magee on the 38th hole in the 36 hole final that went extra holes. Brackets. The Championship was a single elimination match play event. The field consisted of the top 64 players available from the Official World
Golf Ranking as of the February 14 ranking, seeded according to those rankings. Jumbo Osaki (ranked #13) chose not to play and was replaced by Nick Faldo (#65). The 1999 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 24–28, 1999 at La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California. It was the first WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship and the first of three World Golf Championships events held in 1999. Jeff Maggert won his first World Golf Championships event at the match-play, by defeating Andrew Magee on the 38th hole in the 36 hole

Question: If Jeff Maggert had been defeated in the 1999 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship, who would have been the winner of the tournament?
Answer: Andrew Magee
small boat village built on the outskirts of a modern Kowloon Walled City, a nightmarish slum built on the ruins of the original. Development. The game's lead designer is Jordan Weisman, the creator of the "Shadowrun" tabletop role-playing game, who was inspired to create a game with a "more authentic tone" after the release of the 2007 "Shadowrun" first-person shooter, which he was not involved with. Weisman was originally inspired to create a video game in the "Shadowrun" universe after reacquiring the rights to it from Microsoft through his Smith &amp; Tinker startup company in 2007. Unfortunately, due to restrictions

Question: If the first-person shooter "Shadowrun" video game had been launched two years prior, which year would it have debuted?
Answer: 2005
early 1990s, Masterson had a role in "Beethoven's 2nd", and starred as Justin in "Cybill". After starring in the third and fourth seasons of "Cybill", Masterson decided he wanted to move on from "Cybill" and audition for a show originally titled "Teenage Wasteland", which later was changed to "That '70s Show". The original casting director for "That '70s Show", Debby Romano, resisted Masterson's audition because he was slightly older than the rest of the cast, but ultimately allowed him to audition. She stated that, "he came in and he was just so funny," and that he redefined where the role

Question: If the American sitcom "That '70s Show" had retained its initial title, what would it be known as?
Answer: Teenage Wasteland
Henry Edmund Donnelly (August 28, 1904 – November 4, 1967) was an American Bishop of the Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit from 1954 to 1967. Biography. Born in Hudson, Michigan, Henry Donnelly was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Detroit on August 17, 1930. On September 6, 1954 Pope Pius XII appointed him as the Titular Bishop of "Tymbrias" and Auxiliary Bishop of Detroit. He was consecrated a bishop by Cardinal Edward Mooney on October 26, 1954. The principal co-consecrators were Bishop Allen Babcock of Grand Rapids and Detroit auxiliary bishop
Alexander M. Zaleski. He continued to serve as an auxiliary bishop until his death on November 4, 1967, at the age of 63. Henry Edmund Donnelly (August 28, 1904 – November 4, 1967) was an American Bishop of the Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit from 1954 to 1967. Biography. Born in Hudson, Michigan, Henry Donnelly was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Detroit on August 17, 1930. On September 6, 1954 Pope Pius XII appointed him as the Titular Bishop of "Tymbrias" and Auxiliary Bishop of Detroit. He was consecrated a

Question: If Bishop Henry Edmund Donnelly had extended his service as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit by two years, in what year would he have concluded his duties?
Answer: 1969
The 2012 French presidential election was held in France on 22 April 2012 (or 21 April in some overseas departments and territories), with a second round run-off held on 6 May (or 5 May for those same territories) to elect the President of France (who is also "ex officio" one of the two joint heads of state of Andorra, a sovereign state). The incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy was running for a second successive and, under the terms of the constitution, final term in the election. The first round ended with the selection of François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy as second round

Question: If Nicolas Sarkozy had won the 2012 French presidential election, who would have continued as the President of France?
Answer: Nicolas Sarkozy
site was proposed as the location for the Barack Obama Presidential Library and Museum, but the Obama Foundation ultimately selected Jackson Park (in part due to its proximity to the University of Chicago). 2016 Olympics use plan. The Chicago 2016 Olympic organizing committee had advocated a plan to construct the Olympic Village on the Michael Reese site as a reuse project, should Chicago be awarded the Games. The city had originally planned to build an Olympic Village above the truck yards south of McCormick Place, but focused their planning on the Michael Reese campus after the hospital announced its planned

Question: If Chicago had followed through with its initial plan in 2016 to construct an Olympic Village south of McCormick Place, what kind of yards would the village have been built over?
Answer: truck
truck yards
Rail. A single-track railroad branch line between Plymouth and Sheboygan runs through the city. Built by the Chicago &amp; North Western (C&amp;NW) Railroad, the track originally paralleled the electric interurban Wisconsin Power &amp; Light line which terminated at Elkhart Lake. In later years it was primarily a freight line for the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company, and Union Pacific after UP acquired the C&amp;NW in 1995. In 2006, citing low demand and degraded infrastructure, Union Pacific announced plans to abandon the line west of the Kohler Company factory in Kohler, thus terminating all service to Sheboygan Falls. In 2009,

Question: If three additional tracks were added to the single-track railroad branch line between Plymouth and Sheboygan in Sheboygan Falls, how many total tracks would the branch line have?
Answer: 4
four
subsequently called back for a second audition for a different role, sarcastic motel clerk Stevie Budd. After this audition, Dan Levy convinced his father that Murphy could dye her hair blonde, and she was officially cast as Alexis Rose. Emily Hampshire was cast as the deadpan motel clerk, Stevie Budd, after auditioning for the role in Los Angeles. She originally requested to submit a taped audition on account of her nerves and recurring hive breakouts. Hampshire ultimately agreed to audition in person, but states she has no recollection of the experience. According to Daniel Levy, who was present for the

Question: If Emily Hampshire had not been cast in Schitt's Creek, which character would she not have portrayed?
Answer: Stevie Budd
motel clerk
money from outside Delaware than within the state, leading to questions of whether out-of-state contributors will have more influence over the general election than Delaware residents. By September 30, O'Donnell's general election campaign had received nearly $4 million in contributions from all over the country. Those contributions continued despite an October 28 Fairleigh Dickinson University PublicMind poll that showed O'Donnell trailing Democrat Chris Coons 36% to 57%. O'Donnell's educational record came under media scrutiny during her general election campaign. Despite her 2006 campaign website describing her as a "graduate of Fairleigh Dickinson University," she had not been awarded her bachelor's

Question: If Christine O'Donnell had not pursued a political career, which part of her background would not have been scrutinized by the media?
Answer: educational record
living in Boston, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Washington D.C., and California. Currently, according to data of the Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero (PERE; Register of Spaniards Resident Abroad), released on March 20, 2014 by the National Statistics Institute (INE), in 2013, there were 5,127 Canarians living in the United States. Canarian culture in San Antonio and Louisiana has been preserved up to the present day, although not in Florida. Isleños in Louisiana. Its members are descendants of colonists from the Canary Islands who settled in Spanish Louisiana between 1778 and 1783 and intermarried with other communities such

Question: If the descendants of colonists from the Canary Islands had settled in Spanish Louisiana 30 years later than the original date, in which century would this have occurred?
Answer: 19th
damage to the original. In 2010, Miller Funeral Home employed a Los Angeles auction house to sell the original coffin to an anonymous bidder for $87,468. The sale was halted after Oswald's brother Robert (19342017) sued to reclaim the coffin. In 2015, a district judge in [[Tarrant County, Texas]] ruled that the funeral home intentionally concealed the existence of the coffin from Robert Oswald, who had originally purchased it and believed that it had been discarded after the exhumation, and ordered it returned to Robert Oswald along with damages equal to the sale price. Robert Oswald's attorney stated that the

Question: If Miller Funeral Home had not decided to sell the original coffin of Lee Harvey Oswald, what type of company would not have been involved in the transaction?
Answer: auction house
A Los Angeles auction house
Rob Caggiano. Since 2013, the band has consisted of Ian, drummer Charlie Benante, bassist Frank Bello, vocalist Joey Belladonna and lead guitarist Jonathan Donais. Ian and Benante (who replaced one-time drummer Greg D'Angelo in 1983) are the only two members to appear on every album, while Bello has been a member of Anthrax since 1984, replacing original bassist Dan Lilker. After two stints in Anthrax, from 1984 to 1992 and again from 2005 to 2007, Belladonna returned to the band in 2010. History. Formation (1981–1982). Anthrax was formed in Queens, New York City, on July 18, 1981, by guitarists Scott

Question: If the band Anthrax had been formed two years prior to its actual formation, in which decade would it have originated?
Answer: 1970s
Los Angeles-based American Golf Corporation for 60 years, leading to their restoration. Other parts of the park also fell into disrepair, such as Vault Hill, whose headstones and crypts were vandalized in the 1960s. As early as 1962, a "New York Times" reader wrote of vandalism on Vault Hill. A lack of annual maintenance of the park's jogging tracks and bridle paths had caused them to erode and become overgrown at some places. In 1978–1979, NYC Parks performed a wholesale renovation of the park's eroded and dilapidated bridle paths and jogging tracks. The Parade Ground remained popular, and the New

Question: If vandalism had never occurred in Van Cortlandt Park, a reader of which publication would not have reported the incident on Vault Hill as early as 1962?
Answer: New York Times
Israel. A 2003 American court decision found IJO was the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, parts of the Middle East and Europe. The US, Israel and Canada consider the names "Islamic Jihad Organization", "Organization of the Oppressed on Earth" and the "Revolutionary Justice Organization" to be synonymous with Hezbollah. Ideology. The ideology of Hezbollah has been summarized as Shi'i radicalism; Hezbollah follows the Islamic Shi'a theology developed by Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Hezbollah was largely formed with the aid of the Ayatollah Khomeini's followers in the early 1980s in order to spread Islamic revolution and

Question: If Hezbollah had never been established, whose followers would not have been instrumental in its formation during the early 1980s?
Answer: Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Khomeini
"The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular" is the tenth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series "The Simpsons". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 3, 1995. As the title suggests, it is the 138th episode and the third clip show episode of "The Simpsons", after "" and "Another Simpsons Clip Show". While the "138th Episode Spectacular" compiles sequences from episodes throughout the entire series like the previous two, it also shows clips from the original Simpsons shorts from "The Tracey Ullman Show" and other previously unaired material. Like the Halloween

Question: If the seventh season of "The Simpsons" had one episode less, what would have been the episode number of "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular"?
Answer: 137
won the final 1–0 after extra time against Flamengo for their first FIFA Club World Cup title. Host appointment. With proposals for an expanded Club World Cup, FIFA delayed the announcement of a host. A host was to be announced by FIFA on 15 March 2019, though this was later delayed. On 28 May 2019, FIFA announced that the 2019 and 2020 tournament host would be appointed at the FIFA Council meeting in Paris, France, on 3 June 2019. Qatar was appointed as the host for the 2019 and 2020 tournaments on 3 June 2019, serving as test events ahead

Question: If Liverpool had been defeated in the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup finals, which team would have claimed the title?
Answer: CR Flamengo
Flamengo