jeggers/ifqa huggingface dataset:
an article by famed German investigative reporter Jürgen Schreiber about the German painter Gerhard Richter. Richter's aunt had been murdered by the Nazis because she developed schizophrenia. Richter immortalized her in a painting titled "Aunt Marianne", in which she is holding Gerhard Richter as a baby. This painting was originally released under the title "Mother and Child" because it was Richter's habit to obfuscate the connections his paintings had to his personal life. This led art historians to refer to his body of work as being "without author", as it purportedly had no connection to its author's life. What Jürgen

Question: If Richter's aunt had not developed schizophrenia, who would not have murdered her as depicted in "Never Look Away"?
Answer: Nazis
in the mid-1930s. While it was occasionally cited as the world's oldest operating commercial airport, the title was disputed by several other airports, and is no longer an issue since its closure. Tempelhof was one of Europe's three iconic pre-World War II airports, the others being London's now defunct Croydon Airport and the old Paris–Le Bourget Airport. It acquired a further iconic status as the centre of the Berlin Airlift of 1948–49. One of the airport's most distinctive features is its huge, canopy-style roof extending over the apron, able to accommodate most contemporary airliners in the 1950s, 1960s and early

Question: If Tempelhof Airport had remained operational, which title would have caused dispute?
Answer: the world's oldest operating commercial airport
both mapping to virtual channel 29.3. History. The origins of WVIR-DT3 began on September 21, 1998, back when it was known as "WBHA" and "WBC", a cable-only affiliate of The WB Television Network that was originally managed and promoted by Cox Communications alongside the launch of The WB 100+ Station Group, a similar service to The CW Plus that was created to expand national coverage of The WB via primarily local origination channels managed by cable providers in markets ranked above #100 by Nielsen Media Research. Since it was a cable-exclusive outlet and therefore not licensed by the FCC, the

Question: If WVIR-DT3 was not exclusively a cable outlet, who would have been responsible for its licensing?
Answer: Federal Communications Commission
FCC
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
a 20-year celebration of the saga. The same year, Oshii revealed his plan to release an anime/3DCG adaptation film of the drama in 2009, the "Kerberos Panzer Blitzkrieg project". In late 2006, Oshii launched a "Kerberos" saga crossover manga series titled "Kerberos &amp; Tachiguishi". Other work. In addition to his directing work, Oshii is a prolific screenwriter and author of manga and novels. As well as writing the "Kerberos" series of manga, Oshii wrote the script for the manga "Seraphim 266,613,336 Wings" originally illustrated by Satoshi Kon. Their collaboration was difficult due to artistic differences over the development of the

Question: If there had been no artistic differences, which two individuals would have had a smoother collaboration on the "Kerberos" manga series?
Answer: Mamoru Oshii and Satoshi Kon
geothermal steam being used to drive a turbine generating electricity, and reacting with the brine to separate the lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate used for battery production. Communities. The U.S. Navy conducted a preliminary inspection of the Salton Sea in January 1940, and the Salton Sea Test Base (SSTB, run by Sandia Labs) was initially commissioned as the Naval Auxiliary Air Station Salton Sea, in October 1942. The SSTB, just to the southeast of Salton City, originally functioned as an operational and training base for seaplanes. Additional activities at the base included experimental testing of solid-fuel plane-launched rockets, jet-assist take-off

Question: If Sandia Labs hadn't intervened, which facility would not have been commissioned as the Naval Auxiliary Air Station Salton Sea in October 1942?
Answer: Salton sea test base
long gone into the night. Publication. "The Vampyre" was first published on 1 April 1819 by Henry Colburn in the "New Monthly Magazine" with the false attribution "A Tale by Lord Byron". The name of the work's protagonist, "Lord Ruthven", added to this assumption, for that name was originally used in Lady Caroline Lamb's novel "Glenarvon" (from the same publisher), in which a thinly-disguised Byron figure was named Clarence de Ruthven, Earl of Glenarvon. Despite repeated denials by Byron and Polidori, the authorship often went unclarified. In the following issue, dated May 1, 1819, Polidori wrote a letter to the

Question: If Lord Byron and Polidori hadn't denied their involvement, what aspect of "The Vampyre" would have remained clear?
Answer: Authorship
three districts. They were the AAA Northern District, the AAA Alexandria District, and the AAA Potomac District. The Alexandria District had its name changed to the Gunston District within a few years. The Northern Region had these districts until 1976, when a fourth district, the Great Falls, was added. These districts served the region until the 1993–1994 school year. There are currently 17 teams playing in the Northern Region (6D) as of the 2018–2019 school year. The Concorde District includes Centreville, Chantilly, Madison, Oakton, Westfield. The Cedar Run District includes Battlefield, Osbourn, Osbourn Park, Patriot, Stonewall Jackson. The Liberty District

Question: If the Gunston District in the Northern Region had retained its original name, what would it be called?
Answer: Alexandria district
the largest arts festivals in the southern hemisphere. It is also home to Dynamos F.C., the club with the most titles in Zimbabwean football. History. The Pioneer Column, a military volunteer force of settlers organised by Cecil Rhodes, founded the city on 12 September 1890 as a fort. They originally named the city Fort Salisbury after The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and it subsequently became known simply as Salisbury. The Salisbury Polo Club was formed in 1896. It was declared to be a municipality in 1897 and it became a city in 1935. The

Question: If the Pioneer Column, a military volunteer force of settlers organised by Cecil Rhodes, hadn't founded the city on 12 September 1890, which city would not have been known in the United Kingdom?
Answer: Salisbury
strikes in mid-1908 over the pay rate for railway workers, in February 1909 the line was opened to Einasleigh from Almaden. The Einasleigh copper mine was originally discovered by Richard Daintree in the mid 1860s, but the cost of transporting ore from the site made it uneconomic and it soon closed. The location was lost until the 1890s and a renewed interest in copper on the Etheridge field. A township known as Copperfield was established on the banks of the Copperfield River to service 12 copper mining leases extant by 1899, and this was surveyed as Einasleigh in 1900. The

Question: If the transportation cost of ore had been economical, which copper mine discovered by Richard Daintree would have remained operational?
Answer: Einasleigh Copper Mine and Smelter
Einasleigh copper mine
miles north-west at Sandsfield. The river is not navigable, and the upper Solway is largely sandbanks, but the Eden gives a navigable channel which lies close to the English shore from Sandsfield almost to Bowness-on-Solway. The valley of the River Irthing, a tributary of the Eden, gives a low-level route via the Tyne Gap to the valley of the South Tyne and Carlisle thus stands at an important point for both north–south and east–west communications. The earliest proposals for an improved link from Carlisle to the sea were as part of a bigger project: a canal linking Newcastle-upon-Tyne with the

Question: If the valley of the River Irthing, a tributary of the Eden, did not provide a certain type of route via the Tyne Gap to the valley of the South Tyne and Carlisle, what type of route would it be?
Answer: low-level route
foods. By 27 March, Cornell had confirmed the presence of melamine in the originally recalled pet foods, the wheat gluten used in their manufacture, the cells of the dead pets, and in the urine samples from dead and sick pets. On 30 March, both Cornell and the FDA announced the presence of melamine had been confirmed. The chemical was found in the suspected wheat gluten in raw concentrations as high as 6.6%. Stephen Sundlof, the FDA's chief veterinarian said, "There was a sizable amount of melamine. You could see crystals in the wheat gluten." In addition to wheat gluten, products

Question: If the pet food company had not conducted internal testing of wheat gluten samples, which industrial chemical would not have been discovered?
Answer: Melamine
because of the lower wages and challenges of rural living. However, more medical practitioners were necessary, and the state turned to both rural residents and urban ones. These barefoot doctors were usually chosen by members of the commune where the barefoot doctor would then serve. Often "young farmers" were selected to train become barefoot doctors. Other barefoot doctors originally worked as folk doctors and retrained to become barefoot doctors after the Cultural Revolution. Some trainees were also recent graduates of middle school. Barefoot doctors were often fairly young, which Fang (2012) attributes to the fact that the state wanted them

Question: If there had been a sufficient number of medical practitioners in rural China, whose presence would not have been necessary?
Answer: Barefoot doctors
The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan was a provincial section of the Progressive Party of Canada and was active from the 1920s to the mid-1930s. The Progressives were an agrarian, social democratic political movement. It was originally dedicated to political and economic reform; it also challenged economic policies that favoured the financial and industrial interests in Central Canada over agrarian (and, to some extent, labour) interests. Like its federal counterpart it favoured free trade over protectionism. The Progressive movement in Saskatchewan. Despite the dominance of agriculture in Saskatchewan, the Progressive Party of Saskatchewan was never able to match the success it
MLAs to the legislature and subsequently became the Saskatchewan section of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan was a provincial section of the Progressive Party of Canada and was active from the 1920s to the mid-1930s. The Progressives were an agrarian, social democratic political movement. It was originally dedicated to political and economic reform; it also challenged economic policies that favoured the financial and industrial interests in Central Canada over agrarian (and, to some extent, labour) interests. Like its federal counterpart it favoured free trade over protectionism. The Progressive movement in Saskatchewan. Despite the dominance of agriculture

Question: If the Progressive Party of Saskatchewan had not existed, which groups' economic policies would have remained unchallenged in Central Canada?
Answer: Financial and industrial interests
Financial and industrial interest
was the unsuitability of Sembach's runway, which was barely adequate for the RF-84, but absolutely unsuitable for the higher performance RF-101 aircraft. 38th Tactical Missile Wing. After the departure of the 66th, Sembach was taken over by the 7127th Support Group in June 1958 as a 'placeholder' unit. The 38th Tactical Missile Wing, originally activated at Hahn Air Base, Germany, 18 June 1958, assumed its new headquarters at Sembach Air Base, Germany, including all supporting squadrons, including the 38th TMW Hospital, on 29 August 1959, becoming the first operational missile base in the US Air Force. The 38th TMW was

Question: If the 66th had not departed from Sembach Kaserne, which support group would not have assumed the role of a 'placeholder' unit in 1958?
Answer: 7127th support group
genus name. In 2002, the "Monster of Aramberri" was announced to the press. Discovered in 1982 at the village of Aramberri, in the northern Mexican state of Nuevo León, it was originally classified as a dinosaur. The specimen is actually a very large plesiosaur, possibly reaching in length. The media published exaggerated reports claiming it was long, and weighed up to , which would have made it among the largest predators of all time. This error was dramatically perpetuated in BBC's documentary series "Walking with Dinosaurs", which also prematurely classified it as "Liopleurodon ferox". In 2004, what appeared to be

Question: If the "Monster of Aramberri" hadn't been reclassified as a plesiosaur in 2002, what creature would it have remained classified as?
Answer: dinosaur
he took the role was because Michael Caine was originally lined up to play Sullivan, and he had enjoyed working with Caine six years earlier in "Deathtrap", but after signing on found out that Caine had been booted out in favor of Reynolds. Another scene Reeve was in disfavor of was his character suffering acrophobia by showing fear when in a scenic glass elevator, a likely spoof of Reeve's best known role as Superman. The film was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards: Burt Reynolds was nominated for Worst Actor and Christopher Reeve for Worst Supporting Actor. However, they respectively

Question: If Burt Reynolds hadn't been cast in "Switching Channels," who was the original choice for the role?
Answer: Michael Caine
able to effectively contain the violence in Darfur. A more sizable, better equipped UN peacekeeping force was originally proposed for September 2006, but due to Sudanese government opposition, it was not implemented at that time. AMIS' mandate was extended repeatedly throughout 2006, while the situation in Darfur continued to escalate, until AMIS was replaced by UNAMID on December 31, 2007. Overview (2004–2006). AMIS originated in early July 2004, when both the African Union and European Union sent monitors to monitor the Darfur crisis cease-fire signed in April 2004. In August 2004, the African Union sent 150 Rwandan troops to protect

Question: If the Sudanese government hadn't opposed the proposal in 2006, would the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) have seen an increase or decrease in the number of peacekeepers?
Answer: increase
The Thompson submachine gun (also known as the "Tommy Gun", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", or "Trench Broom") is a blowback-operated, air-cooled, magazine-fed selective-fire submachine gun, invented by the United States Army Brigadier general John T. Thompson in 1918. It was originally designed to break the stalemate of trench warfare of World War I, but was not finished until after the war ended. The Thompson saw early use by the United States Marine Corps during the Banana Wars, the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Irish Republican Army, the Republic of China, and the FBI (following the Kansas City Massacre). The

Question: If the Thompson submachine gun, also known as the "Tommy Gun", had been completed earlier, in which war was it intended to be used?
Answer: World War I
Rae Wilson is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Alice Barlow. She appeared in the series from 5 October 2009 until 13 September 2011. Actress Helen Russell-Clark – who went on to play Jem Costello – originally auditioned for the role, but the part was awarded to Barlow. Producer Lucy Allan said Barlow was her favourite addition to the cast during 2009. Initially portrayed as an imaginary character in a schizophrenia storyline, Rae was later revealed to be real when she arrived to study in Hollyoaks. She was central to a controversial suicide
Soap" polled its readers on which "Hollyoaks" character they most wanted to be murdered by Silas. Rae and Theresa were voted as favourites to survive, while Leanne and Ruby Button (Anna Shaffer) were voted to be his next victims. Rae Wilson is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Alice Barlow. She appeared in the series from 5 October 2009 until 13 September 2011. Actress Helen Russell-Clark – who went on to play Jem Costello – originally auditioned for the role, but the part was awarded to Barlow. Producer Lucy Allan said Barlow was

Question: If Alice Barlow hadn't been awarded the role of Rae Wilson in "Hollyoaks," which actress was originally considered for the part?
Answer: Helen Russell-Clark
single was performed by Atwell and Gjokaj along with the Hollywood Studio Symphony, and was released on iTunes on March 18, 2016. Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-ins. In July 2015, Butters revealed that the season would feature the Darkforce, which ties to the characters Doctor Strange and Marcus Daniels, the latter having appeared in "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." In January 2016, Fazekas elaborated, saying that the Darkforce, known as Zero Matter in the series, is the result of a nuclear test gone wrong by Isodyne Energy. Looking to the history of the Darkforce in the comics, Fazekas and Butters "were able to

Question: If the nuclear test had not malfunctioned in the series Agent Carter, which entity would not have come into existence?
Answer: Darkforce
Zero Matter
was thought that calling it Mountain View would cause officials to fear airships colliding with mountainsides. The original station was commissioned on 12 April 1933 and dedicated NAS Sunnyvale. After the death of Rear Admiral William A. Moffett, who is credited with the creation of the airfield, in the loss of the USS "Akron" on 4 April 1933, the airfield at NAS Sunnyvale was renamed NAS Moffett Field on 1 September 1933. After the "Macon" crashed in the Pacific Ocean on 12 February 1935, the Navy considered closing Moffett Field due to its high cost of operations. Also, in San

Question: If the name of Moffett Federal Airfield had remained the same, what would its original name have been?
Answer: NAS Sunnyvale
NHL player. During the NHL labour conflict, he returned to play for Modo Hockey of the Elitserien in 2004–05. Näslund announced his return in mid-January in order to meet the 31 January player-transfer deadline for European clubs, joining Canucks teammates Daniel and Henrik Sedin, as well as former Modo teammate Peter Forsberg on the squad. He was originally expected to sign with Modo before the season started in September, but he returned to Vancouver after spending the summer in Sweden. Vancouver radio-station Team 1040 cited high tax premiums explaining the decision, while Näslund later reasoned that he preferred to be

Question: If Markus Näslund hadn't returned to Vancouver in 2005, which team would he have likely joined?
Answer: Modo
Modo Hockey
US giant Exxon Mobil. In June 2014, Statoil announced it had completed a 12-month exploration program of its Castberg license project in the Arctic and less-than-expected reserves had been proved up. Production which had originally been planned to start in 2018 was temporarily shelved while the company and its partners reassessed the viability of the project and explored ways to reduce development costs. Statoil has been exploring the Barents Sea for oil and gas since 1980. As of June 2014, Statoil participated in construction of 98 exploration wells in the region. In 2016, Equinor (then Statoil) was ranked as the

Question: If the Castberg license project by Equinor had commenced as initially planned, in which year would it have started?
Answer: 2018
of corrupt union officials. When Cohn asked the antagonists be changed to Communists, Miller refused. Cohn sent a letter telling Miller it was interesting he had resisted Columbia's desire to make the movie "pro-American". Kazan asked Miller to rewrite the script; Miller declined due to his disenchantment with Kazan's friendly testimony before the HUAC. Kazan then replaced Miller with Budd Schulberg. Casting. According to Richard Schickel in his biography of Kazan, Marlon Brando initially refused the role of Terry Malloy, and Frank Sinatra (a native of Hoboken, where the film was being made) then had "a handshake deal"but no formally

Question: If Arthur Miller had agreed to Elia Kazan's request to rewrite the script for the film "On the Waterfront", who would not have been brought in to replace him?
Answer: Budd Schulberg
operators, who were stationed on gantries several feet above the studio floor and could not easily monitor the puppets' movements. In addition, the system incorporated a playback function for viewing rushes. Based on German video assist technology, Add-A-Vision was developed by "Thunderbirds" director of photography John Read in collaboration with Prowest Electronics. To improve the look of the puppets, director David Lane often kept tops of heads and control wires out of shot and incorporated low-angle shots for dramatic effect. The background shots for Alan's rescue of the "Zero-X" crew were originally filmed on location in Portugal but were judged

Question: If director David Lane hadn't kept the tops of heads and control wires out of shot in the film "Thunderbirds Are Go", whose appearance would not have been enhanced?
Answer: Puppets
Jeff Albertson, commonly known as Comic Book Guy, is a recurring fictional character in the animated television series "The Simpsons". He is voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the second-season episode "Three Men and a Comic Book", which originally aired on May 9, 1991. Comic Book Guy is the proprietor of a comic book store, The Android's Dungeon &amp; Baseball Card Shop. He is based on "every comic book store guy in America" and represents a stereotypical middle-aged comic-book collector. He is well known for his distinctive accent, disagreeable personality and his catchphrase, "Worst [blank] ever!" Role in
appearance in the season two finale of "The Cleveland Show" saying the line, "Worst. Cameo. Ever." Comic Book Guy makes a brief appearance in the "Simpsons"/"Family Guy" crossover episode "The Simpsons Guy" to say "Worst. Chicken Fight. Ever." Comic Book Guy makes a brief appearance as the clerk of "Karl's Komics" selling comics to Chip Flagston of "Hi and Lois", March 25, 2018. The "Corn &amp; Peg" character Todd is based on Comic Book Guy. Jeff Albertson, commonly known as Comic Book Guy, is a recurring fictional character in the animated television series "The Simpsons". He is voiced by Hank

Question: If Jeff Albertson hadn't been the character in "The Simpsons", what name would he not have been known by?
Answer: Comic book guy
weekday morning newscast from one to three hours (with two hours added from 7–9 a.m.), dropped its early evening newscasts, and moved its 11:00 p.m. newscast to 10:00 and expanded it to one hour. The station expanded its 10:00 p.m. newscast to weekend evenings on January 5, 2008. WGXA began producing half-hour evening newscasts at 7:00 and 11:00 p.m. each weeknight (the former of which competes with a newscast in the same timeslot on the MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of WMGT-TV (channel 41)), along with weekday morning weather cut-ins during "Good Morning America" (which air concurrently with WGXA's two-hour morning

Question: If "Good Morning America" had not been broadcasted on WGXA, which department would not have been expanded?
Answer: Station's news department personnel
weekday morning weather department
Junction City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Trinity County, California. Junction City sits at an elevation of . Junction City is located west of Weaverville. The Trinity River (California) runs through the town and heads northwest from there. The ZIP Code is 96048. The community is inside area code 530. History. Junction City was established when a few cabins were built in the 1850s at the mouth of Canyon Creek, it was originally called "Milltown" due to the number of mills, but in 1861 it was officially named Junction City since it served as a junction for several transportation

Question: If the cabins hadn't been constructed at the mouth of Canyon Creek in the 1850s in California, what community would not have been established?
Answer: Junction city