jeanflop/post_ocr_correction2 huggingface dataset:
which it occurs. DENTITION (Fig. 1). — Five alveoli for tooth roots are preserved. In life these accommodated three teeth. The anterior alveolus held a root for a tooth immediately above the mental foramina. The following four alveoli accommodated two double rooted teeth. The posterior roots (slightly compressed) of the double-rooted teeth were larger than the anterior round roots, as judged from the size of the alveoli. The length of the alveoli housing the roots of the second tooth is 2.0 mm. AFFINITIES. — This specimen (CAM-56) is clearly mammal because it comprises only one bone (the dentary) with alveoli indicating that teeth were double rooted. Moreover, judging from size, it is a distinct taxon from that represented by the only two mammal teeth known from Africa [8]. ### CORRECTION ### De même, dans les chaînes subalpines plus méridionales, c'est le découpage antérieur du socle en blocs basculés qui guide le fonctionnement en chevauchement vers le S.SW., d'âge néogène tardif, de la nappe de Digne. Note reçue le 6 septembre 1988, acceptée le 3 octobre 1988. RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES [1] J. GOGUEL, Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 18, 1948, p. 227-235. [2] C. KERCKOVE et P. ANTOINE, Trav. Lab. Géol. Grenoble, n° 40, 1964, p. 81-89. [3] H. ARNAUD, Trav. Lab. Géol. Grenoble, 42, 1966, p. 33-53. [4] GILLCRIST, M. COWARD et J.-L. MUGNIER, Geodinamica Acta, n° 1, 1987, p. 5-34. [5] M. GIDON, Trav. Lab. Géol. Grenoble, n° 40, 1964, p. 187-205. [6] B. DOUDOUX, Annales du centre Universitaire de Savoie, tome 1, 1973, p. 125-139. [7] A. DELAUNAY, B. DOUDOUX et J. P. RAMPONUX, Coll. Géologie profonde de la France, Doc. B.R.G.M., n° 81-5, 1984, p. 11-16. [8] J. DOREL, J. FRECHET, J. GAGNEPAIN-BEYNEX, H. HAESSLER, M. LACHAIZE, R. MADARIAGA, T. MODIANO, G. PASCAL, G. PERRIER, H. PHILIP, D. ROULAND et G. WITTLINGER, Annales Geophysicae, 1, 1983, p. 299-306. [9] H. 1674 C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Série II, p. 1669-1674, 1988 [10] G. MÉNARD et J. FRECHET, Earth Planetary Science Letters (sous presse). [11] G. MÉNARD, Thèse, Université de Grenoble, 1979, 178 p. [12] J.-L. MUGNIER, R.
40, 1964, p. 81-89. [3] H. ARNAUD, Trav. Lab. Géol. Grenoble, 42, 1966, p. 33-53. [4] GILLCRIST, M. COWARD et J.-L. MUGNIER, Geodinamica Acta, n° 1, 1987, p. 5-34. [5] M. GIDON, Trav. Lab. Géol. Grenoble, n° 40, 1964, p. 187-205. [6] B. DOUDOUX, Annales du centre Universitaire de Savoie, tome 1, 1973, p. 125-139. [7] A. DELAUNAY, B. DOUDOUX et J. P. RAMPONUX, Coll. Géologie profonde de la France, Doc. B.R.G.M., n° 81-5, 1984, p. 11-16. [8] J. DOREL, J. FRECHET, J. GAGNEPAIN-BEYNEX, H. HAESSLER, M. LACHAIZE, R. MADARIAGA, T. MODIANO, G. PASCAL, G. PERRIER, H. PHILIP, D. ROULAND et G. WITTLINGER, Annales Geophysicae, 1, 1983, p. 299-306. [9] H. 1674 C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Série II, p. 1669-1674, 1988 [10] G. MÉNARD et J. FRECHET, Earth Planetary Science Letters (sous presse). [11] G. MÉNARD, Thèse, Université de Grenoble, 1979, 178 p. [12] J.-L. MUGNIER, R. ARPIN et F. THOUVENOT, Geodinamica Acta, n° 1, 1987, p. 125-137. [13] R. ARPIN, Thèse, Université de Grenoble, 1988, 143 p. [14] M. LEMOINE, In Les marges continentales actuelles et fossiles autour de la France, Masson, Paris, 1984, p. 155-248. [15] P. VIALON, J. BOUDON, J. F. GAMOND, J. P. ROBERT, J. P. DEPARDON, M. GAY et M. RUHLAND, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 69, 1978, p. 509-519. [16] G. MÉNARD et F. THOUVENOT, Geodinamica Acta, n° 1, 1987, p. 35-44. [17] J. P. ROBERT et P. VIALON, Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., XVIII, n° 6, p. 1599-1604. [18] W. RIEDEL, Zentralbl. f. Miner. Geol. und Pal., 1929, p. 354-368. [19] P. VIALON, P. ROCHETTE et G. MÉNARD, J. Geol. Soc. London (sous presse). [20] J. L. MUGNIER et R. ARPIN, 11e R.S.T., 1986, p. 133. [21] M. GIDON et J. L. PAIRIS, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 303, série II, 1986, p. 981-984. [22] G. CLAUZON, J. P. AGUILAR et J. MICHAUX, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 305, série II, 1987, p. 133-137. Université scientifique, technique et médicale de Grenoble, U.A.-C.N.R.S. n° 69, géologie alpine, Institut Dolomieu, 15, rue M. Gignoux, 38031, Grenoble Cedex. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Série
ROBERT, J. P. DEPARDON, M. GAY et M. RUHLAND, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 69, 1978, p. 509-519. [16] G. MÉNARD et F. THOUVENOT, Geodinamica Acta, n° 1, 1987, p. 35-44. [17] J. P. ROBERT et P. VIALON, Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., XVIII, n° 6, p. 1599-1604. [18] W. RIEDEL, Zentralbl. f. Miner. Geol. und Pal., 1929, p. 354-368. [19] P. VIALON, P. ROCHETTE et G. MÉNARD, J. Geol. Soc. London (sous presse). [20] J. L. MUGNIER et R. ARPIN, 11e R.S.T., 1986, p. 133. [21] M. GIDON et J. L. PAIRIS, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 303, série II, 1986, p. 981-984. [22] G. CLAUZON, J. P. AGUILAR et J. MICHAUX, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 305, série II, 1987, p. 133-137. Université scientifique, technique et médicale de Grenoble, U.A.-C.N.R.S. n° 69, géologie alpine, Institut Dolomieu, 15, rue M. Gignoux, 38031, Grenoble Cedex. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Série II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1675 Paléontologie/Paleontology Première découverte d'un fragment de mandibule de Mammifère dans le Crétacé inférieur d'Afrique (Cameroun, Bassin de Koum) Michel BRUNET, Louis JACOBS, John CONGLETON, Yves COPPENS, Jean DEJAX, Lawrence FLYNN, Joseph HELL, Yves JEHENNE, Guy MOUCHELIN et David PILBEAM Résumé — Les premiers mammifères crétacés d'Afrique ont été découverts au Cameroun dans le bassin continental de Koum associés à une faune de vertébrés d'âge Aptien. Ils n'étaient jusqu'alors connus que par deux dents jugales isolées, la récolte récente d'un fragment de mandibule permet de montrer l'existence d'au moins deux espèces mammaliennes. First Discovery of a Mammalian Jaw Fragment from the Lower Cretaceous of Africa (Cameroon, Koum Basin) Abstract — The first cretaceous African mammals have been discovered in the Koum Basin (Cameroon) associated with an aptian continental vertebrate fauna. Known till now with two cheek teeth, the recent discovery of a jaw fragment shows for the first time that there are at least two taxa of mammals. Abridged English Version — Within the framework of the "Programme International de Recherches dans le Crétacé-Cénozoïque d'Afrique de l'Ouest au Cameroun" (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.), fieldwork in Cretaceous continental sedimentary formations was carried out. Fossil fauna and flora were collected from
d'Afrique ont été découverts au Cameroun dans le bassin continental de Koum associés à une faune de vertébrés d'âge Aptien. Ils n'étaient jusqu'alors connus que par deux dents jugales isolées, la récolte récente d'un fragment de mandibule permet de montrer l'existence d'au moins deux espèces mammaliennes. First Discovery of a Mammalian Jaw Fragment from the Lower Cretaceous of Africa (Cameroon, Koum Basin) Abstract — The first cretaceous African mammals have been discovered in the Koum Basin (Cameroon) associated with an aptian continental vertebrate fauna. Known till now with two cheek teeth, the recent discovery of a jaw fragment shows for the first time that there are at least two taxa of mammals. Abridged English Version — Within the framework of the "Programme International de Recherches dans le Crétacé-Cénozoïque d'Afrique de l'Ouest au Cameroun" (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.), fieldwork in Cretaceous continental sedimentary formations was carried out. Fossil fauna and flora were collected from Cretaceous continental basins in Northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). In these Basins, part of the eastern brandi (Yola) of the Benue Trough, sedimentation is linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic ([4], [5]). Locality KB6 in the Koum Basin (150 km S-E from Garoua) yielded a vertebrate fauna [6], particularly with the Crocodilian Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus, two genera known in the Gadoufaoua fauna (Niger) reported to Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Numerous microvertebrates were recovered by washing and screening seven metric tons of sediments: amphibians (Anurans), reptiles and the first mammals known in Africa. For these mammals two cheek teeth were found at first [8] and more recently a lower jaw fragment, the object under study here. MANDIBLE (Fig. 1). — The specimen (CAM-56) is a mammalian right dentary fragment (5.9 mm long) with no tooth crowns preserved. Two mental foramina are present, positioned one above the other, visible at the anterior end of the specimen. The postero-ventral portion of the mental symphysis is visible on the medial surface. No groove appears along the medial surface of the jaw, as in pre-Cretaceous mammals [9]. However, the preserved portion of our specimen is anterior and the medial groove
particularly with the Crocodilian Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus, two genera known in the Gadoufaoua fauna (Niger) reported to Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Numerous microvertebrates were recovered by washing and screening seven metric tons of sediments: amphibians (Anurans), reptiles and the first mammals known in Africa. For these mammals two cheek teeth were found at first [8] and more recently a lower jaw fragment, the object under study here. MANDIBLE (Fig. 1). — The specimen (CAM-56) is a mammalian right dentary fragment (5.9 mm long) with no tooth crowns preserved. Two mental foramina are present, positioned one above the other, visible at the anterior end of the specimen. The postero-ventral portion of the mental symphysis is visible on the medial surface. No groove appears along the medial surface of the jaw, as in pre-Cretaceous mammals [9]. However, the preserved portion of our specimen is anterior and the medial groove may become indistinct towards the front of the jaw in some specimens in which it occurs. DENTITION (Fig. 1). — Five alveoli for tooth roots are preserved. In life these accommodated three teeth. The anterior alveolus held a root for a tooth immediately above the mental foramina. The following four alveoli accommodated two double rooted teeth. The posterior roots (slightly compressed) of the double-rooted teeth were larger than the anterior round roots, as judged from the size of the alveoli. The length of the alveoli housing the roots of the second tooth is 2.0 mm. AFFINITIES. The lower premolariform tooth (CAM 31: length at the base of the crown 1.5 mm) was probably posterior in position, judging from the development of anterior and posterior cusps (Fig. 2). The alveoli of CAM-56 are for anterior teeth as shown by the mental foramina and the symphysis. Therefore, the jaw fragment represents a larger taxon, documenting that at least two mammalian species are present in the Koum Basin sample. Additionally, a questionable fragment of mammalian jaw (CAM-60) with three alveoli, two of which held a double-rooted tooth, is clearly too small to belong to the same species as CAM-56, and may or may
alveoli accommodated two double rooted teeth. The posterior roots (slightly compressed) of the double-rooted teeth were larger than the anterior round roots, as judged from the size of the alveoli. The length of the alveoli housing the roots of the second tooth is 2.0 mm. AFFINITIES. The lower premolariform tooth (CAM 31: length at the base of the crown 1.5 mm) was probably posterior in position, judging from the development of anterior and posterior cusps (Fig. 2). The alveoli of CAM-56 are for anterior teeth as shown by the mental foramina and the symphysis. Therefore, the jaw fragment represents a larger taxon, documenting that at least two mammalian species are present in the Koum Basin sample. Additionally, a questionable fragment of mammalian jaw (CAM-60) with three alveoli, two of which held a double-rooted tooth, is clearly too small to belong to the same species as CAM-56, and may or may not pertain to the same species as the premolar CAM 31. Other than morganucodontids (early Mesozoic), the only mammal outside the Koum Basin sample known from the Mesozoic of Africa is Brancatherulum tetidagurense [10]. The type and only known specimen is an edentulous jaw fragment (Late Jurassic of Tanzania) with reduced cheek dentition and an angular process projected backward and downward. These features cannot be determined in our specimen. Simpson [11] placed Brancatherulum within the family Paurodontidae. Prothero [12] considered it to be Cladotheria incertae sedis. The upper molariform tooth from the Koum Basin is also a cladotherian [8], but like the lower premolariform tooth, is too small (length = 1.48 mm, width= 1.6 mm) to belong to the same taxon as CAM-56. There are at least two (unnamed) taxa of mammals known from the Early Cretaceous of Cameroon. I. INTRODUCTION. — Among the principal scientific objectives of the International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) is the search for continental faunas and floras and the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. The missions carried out on the terrain since 1985 by Cameroonian, French, and American Geologists and Paleontologists have led, among other things, to the
reduced cheek dentition and an angular process projected backward and downward. These features cannot be determined in our specimen. Simpson [11] placed Brancatherulum within the family Paurodontidae. Prothero [12] considered it to be Cladotheria incertae sedis. The upper molariform tooth from the Koum Basin is also a cladotherian [8], but like the lower premolariform tooth, is too small (length = 1.48 mm, width= 1.6 mm) to belong to the same taxon as CAM-56. There are at least two (unnamed) taxa of mammals known from the Early Cretaceous of Cameroon. I. INTRODUCTION. — Among the principal scientific objectives of the International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) is the search for continental faunas and floras and the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. The missions carried out on the terrain since 1985 by Cameroonian, French, and American Geologists and Paleontologists have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). The formation and evolution of these basins, located in the Cameroonian portion of the Yola branch of the Benue Trough, are linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic which leads to the separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6 has yielded a fauna of Vertebrae [6]. The presence of the Crocodile Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus allows us to compare this fauna with that of Gadoufaoua (Niger) reported to the Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Since 1986, the washing and sieving of about 7 tons of sediments from the locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles, and the first remains of Mammals known from the Cretaceous on the African continent. Among these, two dental remains, originally collected [8], and now supplemented by a fragment of mandible, belonging to a different taxon, have been identified. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this
separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6 has yielded a fauna of Vertebrae [6]. The presence of the Crocodile Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus allows us to compare this fauna with that of Gadoufaoua (Niger) reported to the Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Since 1986, the washing and sieving of about 7 tons of sediments from the locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles, and the first remains of Mammals known from the Cretaceous on the African continent. Among these, two dental remains, originally collected [8], and now supplemented by a fragment of mandible, belonging to a different taxon, have been identified. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this work. The International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) has as one of its main objectives the study of fossil fauna and flora, as well as the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. Since 1985, Cameroonian, French, and American geologists and paleontologists have carried out missions on the terrain that have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). The formation and evolution of these basins, located in the Cameroonian portion of the Yola branch of the Benue Trough, are linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic which leads to the separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6 has yielded a fauna of vertebrates [6]. The presence of the Crocodile Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus allows us to compare this fauna with that of Gadoufaoua (Niger) reported to the Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Since 1986, the washing and sieving of about 7 tons of sediments from the locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles,
on the terrain that have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). The formation and evolution of these basins, located in the Cameroonian portion of the Yola branch of the Benue Trough, are linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic which leads to the separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6 has yielded a fauna of vertebrates [6]. The presence of the Crocodile Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus allows us to compare this fauna with that of Gadoufaoua (Niger) reported to the Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Since 1986, the washing and sieving of about 7 tons of sediments from the locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles, and the first remains of Mammals known from the Cretaceous on the African continent. Among these, two dental remains, originally collected [8], and now supplemented by a fragment of mandible, belonging to a different taxon, have been identified. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this work. The International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) has as one of its main objectives the study of fossil fauna and flora, as well as the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. Since 1985, Cameroonian, French, and American geologists and paleontologists have carried out missions on the terrain that have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). The formation and evolution of these basins, located in the Cameroonian portion of the Yola branch of the Benue Trough, are linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic which leads to the separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6
1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this work. The International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) has as one of its main objectives the study of fossil fauna and flora, as well as the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. Since 1985, Cameroonian, French, and American geologists and paleontologists have carried out missions on the terrain that have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). The formation and evolution of these basins, located in the Cameroonian portion of the Yola branch of the Benue Trough, are linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic which leads to the separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6 has yielded a fauna of vertebrates [6]. The presence of the Crocodile Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus allows us to compare this fauna with that of Gadoufaoua (Niger) reported to the Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Since 1986, the washing and sieving of about 7 tons of sediments from the locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles, and the first remains of Mammals known from the Cretaceous on the African continent. Among these, two dental remains, originally collected [8], and now supplemented by a fragment of mandible, belonging to a different taxon, have been identified. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this work. The International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) has as one of its main objectives the study of fossil fauna and flora, as well as the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. Since 1985, Cameroonian, French, and American geologists and paleontologists have carried out missions on the terrain that have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]).
locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles, and the first remains of Mammals known from the Cretaceous on the African continent. Among these, two dental remains, originally collected [8], and now supplemented by a fragment of mandible, belonging to a different taxon, have been identified. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this work. The International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) has as one of its main objectives the study of fossil fauna and flora, as well as the reconstruction of their paleoenvironments. Since 1985, Cameroonian, French, and American geologists and paleontologists have carried out missions on the terrain that have led, among other things, to the discovery of fossil faunas and floras in the continental Cretaceous basins of northern Cameroon ([1] to [3]). The formation and evolution of these basins, located in the Cameroonian portion of the Yola branch of the Benue Trough, are linked to the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic which leads to the separation Africa-America du Sud at the level of the Gulf of Guinea ([4] and [5]). In the Koum Basin (150 km southeast of Garoua), the site KB 6 has yielded a fauna of vertebrates [6]. The presence of the Crocodile Araripesuchus and the Dinosaur Ouranosaurus allows us to compare this fauna with that of Gadoufaoua (Niger) reported to the Aptian by Ph. Taquet [7]. Since 1986, the washing and sieving of about 7 tons of sediments from the locality KB6 has yielded numerous remains of microvertebrates, including Amphibians, Reptiles, and the first remains of Mammals known from the Cretaceous on the African continent. Among these, two dental remains, originally collected [8], and now supplemented by a fragment of mandible, belonging to a different taxon, have been identified. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 1675-1680, 1988 1677 The mandible fragment (CAM-56) which is the subject of this work. The International Program for Research in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic of West Africa in Cameroon (P.I.R.C.A.O.C.) has as