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Nations, other papers are attacking the Foreign Secretary. In the opinion of the Daily Express, he has sold the country to French diplomacy and has destroyed the Locarno accords. This treaty is looked upon no longer as an instrument for European peace but a means of imposing on England responsibilities that imperil her welfare. Says the Liberal Westminster Gazette: “The fact is certainly significant that Sir Austen Chamberlain conferred with M. Briand in Paris when returning from Rapallo and that when he spoke in Birmingham, the French Premier made the same announcements in an official speech. The Liberal Daily News observes that the Foreign Secretary’s words are a challenge to public opinion and that he is “the foolish fly caught in the web of the French spider.” The Lloyd Georgian Daily Chronicle, admits that the Cabinet may have a reason for not announcing an abrupt refusal of the French proposal, while hoping that Sir Austen is not to be allowed full liberty of action by the Cabinet, it fears that if this should occur he will give way once more to the French. The Comité des Forges A POWERFUL ORGANIZATION THE MAN OF THE DAY French Comment. Today the Chamber of Deputies discusses the Locarno Pact. This furnishes editors with a new topic to divert attention from the politico-financial problem. M. Lucien Romier asks in the Conservative Figaro: “What is the Locarno Pact?” and then points out that it is a product of British Conservative diplomacy, representing for Germany implicit liberty on the Rhine and a return to equal footing with other Powers. For France it is a respite while waiting for Europe and the world to assume a better aspect. In more energetic manner the Conservative Avenir finds that the pacts grant great freedom to Germany but render French security less secure. For “Pertinax” in the Nationalist Echo de Paris the situation is even more serious. Germany is to be unfettered on her Eastern frontiers and, because every European State is virtually isolated from the other, “Germany will before long become the most populated, best armed, and most capable
of Deputies discusses the Locarno Pact. This furnishes editors with a new topic to divert attention from the politico-financial problem. M. Lucien Romier asks in the Conservative Figaro: “What is the Locarno Pact?” and then points out that it is a product of British Conservative diplomacy, representing for Germany implicit liberty on the Rhine and a return to equal footing with other Powers. For France it is a respite while waiting for Europe and the world to assume a better aspect. In more energetic manner the Conservative Avenir finds that the pacts grant great freedom to Germany but render French security less secure. For “Pertinax” in the Nationalist Echo de Paris the situation is even more serious. Germany is to be unfettered on her Eastern frontiers and, because every European State is virtually isolated from the other, “Germany will before long become the most populated, best armed, and most capable of nations on the Continent to tear up the accords of October 16.” And M. Léon Daudet, in the Royalist Action Française predicts that as soon as “the execrable German union” permits German spirit to recover its instruments of conquest and brutal domination, barbarian hordes will again descend upon the Latins. The death of M. Robert Pinot, Vice-President and actual directing head of the “Comité des Forges,” calls attention again to that important organization, probably the most powerful of all those to be found in French industry. M. Pinot, who died in his sixty-sixth year, was also director of a great number of French and foreign corporations. He is understood to have been enormously wealthy. Prominence was given him mainly, however, because of his connection with the association of French ironmasters whose members today control more than half the visible supply of iron ore of Europe. The “Comité des Forges” has constantly been attacked by Communists and others with Radical sympathies as a gigantic “trust” or “ring,” of the kind familiar in the modern development of industry. There can be no doubt that it has extensive power, more probably, than any of its fellows in Europe. The fact is, however,
Latins. The death of M. Robert Pinot, Vice-President and actual directing head of the “Comité des Forges,” calls attention again to that important organization, probably the most powerful of all those to be found in French industry. M. Pinot, who died in his sixty-sixth year, was also director of a great number of French and foreign corporations. He is understood to have been enormously wealthy. Prominence was given him mainly, however, because of his connection with the association of French ironmasters whose members today control more than half the visible supply of iron ore of Europe. The “Comité des Forges” has constantly been attacked by Communists and others with Radical sympathies as a gigantic “trust” or “ring,” of the kind familiar in the modern development of industry. There can be no doubt that it has extensive power, more probably, than any of its fellows in Europe. The fact is, however, that it has nothing to do with the financial situation of any of its members. M. Pinot, himself, when he testified before the French Parliamentary Commission investigating charges of electoral corruption, pointed out that the “Comité” is purely a trade association. It had a total at that time of 260 members. The broad base on which it is founded is shown by the fact that of these members only forty-one employ more than two thousand workmen. Purpose is Technical. The “Comité” does not concern itself with trade, or with either the sale or the purchase of iron or Steel goods in any form. It is a professional association formed to advance, not the commercial, but the technical, interests of those who compose it. It includes virtually all the French producers of iron ores and of semi-manufactured iron and Steel goods, even to steel rails and bars. It does not concern itself with finished productions. It does not intervene, as such, in questions of labor, although these are of first importance to all its members. As regards all matters connected with the labor problem, as with social improvement of labor, wages, strikes, pensions, apprentices, importation of foreign labor, the “Union des
members. The broad base on which it is founded is shown by the fact that of these members only forty-one employ more than two thousand workmen. Purpose is Technical. The “Comité” does not concern itself with trade, or with either the sale or the purchase of iron or Steel goods in any form. It is a professional association formed to advance, not the commercial, but the technical, interests of those who compose it. It includes virtually all the French producers of iron ores and of semi-manufactured iron and Steel goods, even to steel rails and bars. It does not concern itself with finished productions. It does not intervene, as such, in questions of labor, although these are of first importance to all its members. As regards all matters connected with the labor problem, as with social improvement of labor, wages, strikes, pensions, apprentices, importation of foreign labor, the “Union des Industries Métallurgiques et Minières,” to which the “Comité des Forges” belongs, is the representative of the iron-masters. The “Union,” according to M. Pinot, who was its “Délégué-Général,” numbers 7,054 members, of whom 6,000 employ fewer than one hundred workers each. Only fifty-four have more than 2,000 workers. The “Union” represents a capital investment of forty to fifty-five billion francs and distributes yearly as wages more than five billion francs. Its economic importance is therefore great. German Comment. Sir Austen Chamberlain’s speech at Birmingham, which appears to favor granting to Poland a permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations, has fallen as a veritable bomb in Berlin. Political parties are virtually unanimous in demanding that the Reich withdraw its request for entry into the League. This attitude is especially violent in the Right camps. Even the Demokratische Deutsche Zeitung and Mittag call upon the Reich to leave Geneva as soon as modifications in the League are made. The Berliner Tageblatt makes severe criticism while the Nationalist Lokal Anzeiger writes: “If Sir Austen Chamberlain should be successful in imposing this idea, the Government should withdraw at once its request for admission.” In the same tone the Deutsche Tagezeitung says:
a capital investment of forty to fifty-five billion francs and distributes yearly as wages more than five billion francs. Its economic importance is therefore great. German Comment. Sir Austen Chamberlain’s speech at Birmingham, which appears to favor granting to Poland a permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations, has fallen as a veritable bomb in Berlin. Political parties are virtually unanimous in demanding that the Reich withdraw its request for entry into the League. This attitude is especially violent in the Right camps. Even the Demokratische Deutsche Zeitung and Mittag call upon the Reich to leave Geneva as soon as modifications in the League are made. The Berliner Tageblatt makes severe criticism while the Nationalist Lokal Anzeiger writes: “If Sir Austen Chamberlain should be successful in imposing this idea, the Government should withdraw at once its request for admission.” In the same tone the Deutsche Tagezeitung says: “The day Poland receives a permanent seat in the Council, millions of Germans who do not hold extreme opinions will recall the warnings of Chicherin. That will be the end of Locarno.” Herr Stresemann’s paper, the Tageliche Rundschau, expresses a similar opinion. Light-Ray Alarm EMPLOYS THERMIONIC CELL Spanish Comment. Senor Tanguas, Minister of State, is quoted in El Liberal as stating that the Spanish Government is of the opinion that Spain has an indisputable right to a permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations. He adds that the question of Spain opposing the entry of Germany into the League in case the latter refuses to concede a Council seat to Spain had not yet been taken up by the Government. Both the Heraldo and the Informaciones agree on granting permanent seats to Poland and Spain and they express surprise that German newspapers should attempt to dictate to the League before the Reich has even become a member. What is said to be the most delicate and sensitive mechanism ever devised by man has been displayed at the Carnegie Museum, in Pittsburgh, as a part of an exhibition of new discoveries in science. It is a thermionic photo
Tanguas, Minister of State, is quoted in El Liberal as stating that the Spanish Government is of the opinion that Spain has an indisputable right to a permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations. He adds that the question of Spain opposing the entry of Germany into the League in case the latter refuses to concede a Council seat to Spain had not yet been taken up by the Government. Both the Heraldo and the Informaciones agree on granting permanent seats to Poland and Spain and they express surprise that German newspapers should attempt to dictate to the League before the Reich has even become a member. What is said to be the most delicate and sensitive mechanism ever devised by man has been displayed at the Carnegie Museum, in Pittsburgh, as a part of an exhibition of new discoveries in science. It is a thermionic photo cell, a combination of thermionic vacuum tube and photo-electric cell, so sensitized that when a light is played on it any obstruction disturbs the rays of light an alarm is sounded. The instrument is the invention of Mr. V. K. Zworykin, a Westinghouse research engineer, and is considered of great potential value as a constant guard against fire in ships, warehouses and other places. It will also be tested next summer in the forests of Pennsylvania. As a burglar alarm the mechanism is said to be the best thing ever devised. Whether night marauders use a flash lamp or turn on the lights, the thermionic photo cell will invariably be disturbed, and ring an alarm. Photo Bonpren. Dr. Harry Plotz. Singular honors have been given by the French to Dr. Harry Plotz, the American bacteriologist and discoverer of the cause of typhus fever. He is one of the six Americans to be given the Légion of Honor this year; and it is even more of a distinction to be the only American on the staff of the Pasteur Institute. As assistant to Dr. Alexandre Besredka, Dr. Plotz is studying infection and immunity in the laboratory that formerly belonged to Metchnikoff.
potential value as a constant guard against fire in ships, warehouses and other places. It will also be tested next summer in the forests of Pennsylvania. As a burglar alarm the mechanism is said to be the best thing ever devised. Whether night marauders use a flash lamp or turn on the lights, the thermionic photo cell will invariably be disturbed, and ring an alarm. Photo Bonpren. Dr. Harry Plotz. Singular honors have been given by the French to Dr. Harry Plotz, the American bacteriologist and discoverer of the cause of typhus fever. He is one of the six Americans to be given the Légion of Honor this year; and it is even more of a distinction to be the only American on the staff of the Pasteur Institute. As assistant to Dr. Alexandre Besredka, Dr. Plotz is studying infection and immunity in the laboratory that formerly belonged to Metchnikoff. Dr. Plotz is a small, alert, unostentatious man with the simplicity in his manner which characterizes most scientists—and most other men who have done things. He dislikes publicity, particularly when he is misquoted. He was born in Madison, N.J., in 1890, so that he is still young. After graduating from Columbia and the College of Physicians and Surgeons (the latter in 1913) he devoted himself to bacteriology. Within a year he had been able to isolate the bacterium of typhus. The importance of his discovery was soon to be emphasized. The war started and on the breaking out of the typhus epidemic in Serbia Dr. Plotz was called by the Serbian Government to apply his anti-typhus vaccine. Dr. Plotz worked throughout Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, and Montenegro until he was taken prisoner by the Germans. Then, the United States not being yet in the war, he continued to work on the study and control of the disease in Germany and later on the Austro-Russian front. He returned to America soon before the United States entered the war. His first task was the organization of laboratories. Later, as a Lieutenant-Colonel on the staff of the Surgeon-General, he was in charge of the
Columbia and the College of Physicians and Surgeons (the latter in 1913) he devoted himself to bacteriology. Within a year he had been able to isolate the bacterium of typhus. The importance of his discovery was soon to be emphasized. The war started and on the breaking out of the typhus epidemic in Serbia Dr. Plotz was called by the Serbian Government to apply his anti-typhus vaccine. Dr. Plotz worked throughout Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, and Montenegro until he was taken prisoner by the Germans. Then, the United States not being yet in the war, he continued to work on the study and control of the disease in Germany and later on the Austro-Russian front. He returned to America soon before the United States entered the war. His first task was the organization of laboratories. Later, as a Lieutenant-Colonel on the staff of the Surgeon-General, he was in charge of the control of vermin infestation, and particularly by lice, which are the carriers of typhus. It was his business to keep the American Expeditionary Forces free from vermin; when the men were demobilized there was not a single case of vermin infestation reported as they left for their homes. In 1921 Dr. Plotz went to Poland and Russia, where an epidemic of typhus was raging, and about four years ago he returned to France. For two years he has been a member of the staff of the Pasteur Institute. As a result of the experiments carried on by Dr. Besredka and Dr. Plotz at the Institute, it is now possible to give vaccine through the mouth, and the injecting needle can be replaced by an inconspicuous pill. Among Dr. Plotz' published Works are a number of communications made before the French Academy of Science on the mechanism of infection and anaphylaxis. Dr. Plotz is a member of the American Association of Immunologists, the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, and the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists. He has recently been made a Foreign Member of the Société de Pathologie Comparée. PARIS TIMES LETTER BOX An Unenforceable Law. Nice, February 22,
Dr. Plotz went to Poland and Russia, where an epidemic of typhus was raging, and about four years ago he returned to France. For two years he has been a member of the staff of the Pasteur Institute. As a result of the experiments carried on by Dr. Besredka and Dr. Plotz at the Institute, it is now possible to give vaccine through the mouth, and the injecting needle can be replaced by an inconspicuous pill. Among Dr. Plotz' published Works are a number of communications made before the French Academy of Science on the mechanism of infection and anaphylaxis. Dr. Plotz is a member of the American Association of Immunologists, the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, and the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists. He has recently been made a Foreign Member of the Société de Pathologie Comparée. PARIS TIMES LETTER BOX An Unenforceable Law. Nice, February 22, 1926. To the Editor of The Paris Times: — I have heard a speaker déclaré that “99.9 percent of the 120,000,000 people in the United States do not respect the Volstead act” and a little later remark that men who do not obey this law are “Anarchists of the most dangerous sort.” This either means that 99.9 percent of Americans are Anarchists or that the Volstead Act is a bad law. General Andrews spoke out in an Anti-Saloon League meeting to say that the Volstead Act could not possibly be enforced under the existing Government policy, and that there was no indication of such radical changes as would be necessary to make successful enforcement a possibility. That’s the chief officer charged with enforcement of the Volstead Act talking. He says he cannot enforce the law and sees no présent hope of being able to enforce it. What will Congress do about that? What will Mr. Coolidge do about it? The time is rapidly approaching when someone will have to stop dodging and look the facts in the face. A. T. Chemers, The Book of the Day AN ANTHOLOGY OF LOVE TALES: TWENTY-FOUR LOVE STORIES. OLD AND NEW. Edited by Ernest
dangerous sort.” This either means that 99.9 percent of Americans are Anarchists or that the Volstead Act is a bad law. General Andrews spoke out in an Anti-Saloon League meeting to say that the Volstead Act could not possibly be enforced under the existing Government policy, and that there was no indication of such radical changes as would be necessary to make successful enforcement a possibility. That’s the chief officer charged with enforcement of the Volstead Act talking. He says he cannot enforce the law and sees no présent hope of being able to enforce it. What will Congress do about that? What will Mr. Coolidge do about it? The time is rapidly approaching when someone will have to stop dodging and look the facts in the face. A. T. Chemers, The Book of the Day AN ANTHOLOGY OF LOVE TALES: TWENTY-FOUR LOVE STORIES. OLD AND NEW. Edited by Ernest Rhys and O. A. Dawson-Scott. (B. Appeton & Co. New York. $2.50.) It is the purpose of Mr. Rhys and Mr. Dawson-Scott to provide a series of volumes for which they will select examples of the short story, showing it in all its varieties. This new one, dealing with the short love story, is the third in the series. One of the preceding volumes contained twenty-three tales of the weird and supernatural; the other, thirty-nine stories of varying moods by present-day authors so arranged as to show a development, or change of method, in the art of the short story. Most of the twenty-nine stars in this new volume are modern and nearly all are by English writers, although there is a sprinkling of Americans, including O. Henry, Henry James, and Lafcadio Hearn. The initial tale is Katherine Mansfield’s “The Singing Lesson.” Among others represented are Sheila Kaye Smith, C. A. Dawson-Scott, Leonard Merrick, and Flora Annie Steel. Sir Thomas Mallory’s “Tristan and La Belle Isolde” finds a place among the old tales, as do also the Arabian Nights story of “Hazar and Dunya,” Boccaccio’s “Isabella, or the Pot of Basil,” and the immortal tale of “David and Bathsheba” from
short love story, is the third in the series. One of the preceding volumes contained twenty-three tales of the weird and supernatural; the other, thirty-nine stories of varying moods by present-day authors so arranged as to show a development, or change of method, in the art of the short story. Most of the twenty-nine stars in this new volume are modern and nearly all are by English writers, although there is a sprinkling of Americans, including O. Henry, Henry James, and Lafcadio Hearn. The initial tale is Katherine Mansfield’s “The Singing Lesson.” Among others represented are Sheila Kaye Smith, C. A. Dawson-Scott, Leonard Merrick, and Flora Annie Steel. Sir Thomas Mallory’s “Tristan and La Belle Isolde” finds a place among the old tales, as do also the Arabian Nights story of “Hazar and Dunya,” Boccaccio’s “Isabella, or the Pot of Basil,” and the immortal tale of “David and Bathsheba” from the Bible. There is also “Clerk Saunders,” from the “Border Ballads,” which the editors declare to be “the finest love story ever told in verse.” The stories are thoroughly interesting from the reader’s point of view; more than that, they attest the intent of the editors, to provide an anthology of tales of this particular class. The Words of a Child ITS VOCABULARY TESTED A study of the vocabulary of the child of five, in an attempt to work out a basic word list for primers, shows the word “I” to be by far the most frequently used. This is announced in a survey by the National Kindergarten and Elementary College of Chicago. A record of the conversations in thirty kindergartens in the United States and Canada during a period of four weeks, and tabulation of the results, show that the word “I” was used 1044 times, while “the,” which comes second, was used only 616 times in the list of 1,000 most commonly used words. “Me” and “my” occur among the first twenty of the most frequently used words, while “teacher” comes eighth, perhaps because the tests were taken at school. “Mother,” is the twenty-fourth word on the list