jeanflop/post_ocr_correction2 huggingface dataset:
of the meeting concern the following points: museum legislation and an increase in museum finances; the creation of special sections within the Union; the organization of professional training courses in each Republic under the direction of participants in the Unesco Seminar at Athens; continued cooperation with the national Icom Committee; the creation of fellowships to study museums abroad; the termination of the publication on Yugoslav museums; the creation of a documentation Center; an annual museums week. "Sastanak slavonske Podružnice", by M. MALBASA (General Assembly of the Slavonian Branch). Meeting held in January 1955. Discussions concerned organization and administration problems. Iz muzeja (Museum news) "Osnutan park skulpture u Samoboru", by I. SUDNIK (Open air exhibition of sculptures at Samobor) The grounds of the municipal museum at Samobor are being prepared to receive modern sculptures. "Tuloloski muzej i njegova problematika", by N. GOLLNER (Museum of the blind and their problems). This museum in Zagreb specializes in the study of social problems involved in adapting blind persons to a normal life. Museum bibliography: Croatian bibliography 1945—1953 (continued) vol. 4, n° 2, April 1955 (Extracts) Iz muzeja (Museum news) "Ivan Kukuljević, prvi konservator za Hrvatsku i Slavoniju", by D. JURMAN-KARAMAN (Ivan Kukuljević, first Curator of the Historic Monuments Service; on the occasion of the Service's centenary). The initial efforts for the protection and conservation of historic monuments were made by this first Curator. "Savjetovanje muzealaca pomorskih muzeja FNRJ", by R. MATEJČIĆ (Yugoslav maritime museums meeting). The educational and scientific role of these museums was evoked. All the maritime museums were represented at this meeting during which the problems of the museums at Dubrovnik, Split, and Rijeka were discussed. Tretiranje muzeološkog problema u natječajnim radovima za obnovu starog grada u Sisku, by S. VRBANović (Adaptation of a stronghold at Sisak to museum needs). Following a contest and through the cooperation of the various specialists involved: architect, town planner, historic monuments and museum Curator, a satisfactory project has been drawn up. "Osnovan je tehnički muzej", by P. GRĐENIĆ (Creation of a technical museum) A museum of technology was opened temporarily in Zagreb in 1954 until such
of the Historic Monuments Service; on the occasion of the Service's centenary). The initial efforts for the protection and conservation of historic monuments were made by this first Curator. "Savjetovanje muzealaca pomorskih muzeja FNRJ", by R. MATEJČIĆ (Yugoslav maritime museums meeting). The educational and scientific role of these museums was evoked. All the maritime museums were represented at this meeting during which the problems of the museums at Dubrovnik, Split, and Rijeka were discussed. Tretiranje muzeološkog problema u natječajnim radovima za obnovu starog grada u Sisku, by S. VRBANović (Adaptation of a stronghold at Sisak to museum needs). Following a contest and through the cooperation of the various specialists involved: architect, town planner, historic monuments and museum Curator, a satisfactory project has been drawn up. "Osnovan je tehnički muzej", by P. GRĐENIĆ (Creation of a technical museum) A museum of technology was opened temporarily in Zagreb in 1954 until such time as a larger building could be obtained. It is to include the following sections: physics, chemistry, electricity, mining and chemical industries, metallurgy, agriculture, food industries, lighting, architecture, etc. DOCUMENTS Type specimens in Botany and zoology (1) At the second general conference of Icom, held in London in 1950, the Committee for Natural History Museums was charged with the task of considering all means of impressing on such museums the importance of type specimens. In this work they were to seek the cooperation of the International Union of Biological Sciences. The type-specimens committee, consisting of Dr. W. E. SWINTON as Chairman, Dr. A. E. PARR of the American Museum of Natural History, Prof. V. van STRAELEN of the Institut royal des Sciences Naturelles, Brussels, M. CARAYON of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, and Professor VARLEY of Oxford University, with the assistance of M. G. H. RIVIÈRE and Mile M. BENOIST D'Azy of Icom, met in Oxford in July, 1952. As a result of this meeting, Dr. Swinton was charged with the preparation of a small pamphlet in French and English suitable for the smaller museum which might have type specimens in its care, but yet be without the specialist
Committee for Natural History Museums was charged with the task of considering all means of impressing on such museums the importance of type specimens. In this work they were to seek the cooperation of the International Union of Biological Sciences. The type-specimens committee, consisting of Dr. W. E. SWINTON as Chairman, Dr. A. E. PARR of the American Museum of Natural History, Prof. V. van STRAELEN of the Institut royal des Sciences Naturelles, Brussels, M. CARAYON of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, and Professor VARLEY of Oxford University, with the assistance of M. G. H. RIVIÈRE and Mile M. BENOIST D'Azy of Icom, met in Oxford in July, 1952. As a result of this meeting, Dr. Swinton was charged with the preparation of a small pamphlet in French and English suitable for the smaller museum which might have type specimens in its care, but yet be without the specialist staff to appreciate their significance and their need for preservation. The financial provisions were made by Icom in its 1954 budget and this booklet is the result. Science exhibits The Science Service, Washington (2) has recently published a booklet (1) on exhibition techniques for science exhibits mainly in the field of chemistry. Photographs and diagrams illustrate the practical information given under the following headings: science exhibits; students' projects; chemical surprises; display ideas for exhibits; putting on a show. Listing the objects in a small museum Cataloguing objects in a small museum sometimes raises a number of problems. The museums section of the Ontario Historical Society has therefore published a booklet (2) giving a few simple basic rules concerning forms, the numbering of material, receipts, etc. Five figures illustrate various forms of cards or receipts. (1) Davis, Helen Miles. Science exhibits. Washington, Science Service, 1955. 95 p. ill. 19,5 cm. (Science Service Chemistry series), 1719 N Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D.C. (2) Home, R. M. & Burt-Gerrans, E. Listing the objects in a small museum. [Toronto] Issued by the Museums section of the Ontario Historical Society, 1955. 10 p. 28 cm. ICOM NEWS Editorial Staff Mr. Georges Henri RIVIÈRE, Director of
of chemistry. Photographs and diagrams illustrate the practical information given under the following headings: science exhibits; students' projects; chemical surprises; display ideas for exhibits; putting on a show. Listing the objects in a small museum Cataloguing objects in a small museum sometimes raises a number of problems. The museums section of the Ontario Historical Society has therefore published a booklet (2) giving a few simple basic rules concerning forms, the numbering of material, receipts, etc. Five figures illustrate various forms of cards or receipts. (1) Davis, Helen Miles. Science exhibits. Washington, Science Service, 1955. 95 p. ill. 19,5 cm. (Science Service Chemistry series), 1719 N Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D.C. (2) Home, R. M. & Burt-Gerrans, E. Listing the objects in a small museum. [Toronto] Issued by the Museums section of the Ontario Historical Society, 1955. 10 p. 28 cm. ICOM NEWS Editorial Staff Mr. Georges Henri RIVIÈRE, Director of ICOM Mile Marthe BENOIST D'Azy, Executive Secretary of ICOM Mlle Yvonne ODDON, in charge of the Documentation Centre In collaboration with: Mme Hélène MASPERO Mile Janina TUWAN Mme Esther LÉVY. of the Documentation Centre Office ICOM, Unesco House 19, Avenue Kléber, PARIS (16e) Telephone: KLEBER 52.00, extension 3165 Cable address: ICOM PARIS. Icom News — Published with the help of a grant from UNESCO and mailed free to members and associate members of ICOM will be printed in a joint English and French edition six times a year. Manuscripts and other editorial communications and news items should be addressed to Mlle Marthe Benoist d'Azy, ICOM, Unesco House. No responsibility is assumed for the return of manuscripts, nor for views which may be expressed by contributors in articles accepted for publication. MEMBERSHIP OF ICOM THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS Is open to directors and inspectors of museums or museum authorities, curators, assistants and other museum officials, including members of scientific, laboratory and educational departments, and members of museum committees and museums associations, trustees, museum experts and all interested in the work of museums. Also to museums, art galleries, similar institutions and organizations concerned with museums or having permanent exhibition rooms. ICOM
ICOM PARIS. Icom News — Published with the help of a grant from UNESCO and mailed free to members and associate members of ICOM will be printed in a joint English and French edition six times a year. Manuscripts and other editorial communications and news items should be addressed to Mlle Marthe Benoist d'Azy, ICOM, Unesco House. No responsibility is assumed for the return of manuscripts, nor for views which may be expressed by contributors in articles accepted for publication. MEMBERSHIP OF ICOM THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS Is open to directors and inspectors of museums or museum authorities, curators, assistants and other museum officials, including members of scientific, laboratory and educational departments, and members of museum committees and museums associations, trustees, museum experts and all interested in the work of museums. Also to museums, art galleries, similar institutions and organizations concerned with museums or having permanent exhibition rooms. ICOM is an international, non-governmental organization, recognized by UNESCO, and is the professional body on the international level for all those concerned with museums. ADVANTAGES OFFERED TO SUPPORTING AND ASSOCIATE MEMBERS OF ICOM 1. Participation in meetings of the Council, and in the election of an officer to serve on the Executive Committee. thereby linking you with the running of the organization. 2. Free issues of ICOM NEWS (six numbers a year) of the annual International Museographical Bibliography, and of other ICOM publications; and opportunities for using the UNESCO-ICOM Documentation Centre. thereby keeping you up to date with information and with the main publications dealing with the development of all types of museums throughout the world, the progress that is being made regarding their displays, their educational activities, their action in the field of science and culture, and their relations with ICOM, UNESCO and other international organizations. 3. Invitations to General Conferences of ICOM, and opportunities of taking part in meetings of the National Committees and of serving on the International Subject Committees and their Sub-Commissions. thereby enabling you to share in drawing up and carrying out ICOM's technical projects. DETAIL OF MEMBERSHIP 1. Membership in ICOM is divided into the
Executive Committee. thereby linking you with the running of the organization. 2. Free issues of ICOM NEWS (six numbers a year) of the annual International Museographical Bibliography, and of other ICOM publications; and opportunities for using the UNESCO-ICOM Documentation Centre. thereby keeping you up to date with information and with the main publications dealing with the development of all types of museums throughout the world, the progress that is being made regarding their displays, their educational activities, their action in the field of science and culture, and their relations with ICOM, UNESCO and other international organizations. 3. Invitations to General Conferences of ICOM, and opportunities of taking part in meetings of the National Committees and of serving on the International Subject Committees and their Sub-Commissions. thereby enabling you to share in drawing up and carrying out ICOM's technical projects. DETAIL OF MEMBERSHIP 1. Membership in ICOM is divided into the following four classes: a) Active Members who shall be limited to the fifteen in each country co-opted to serve on the National Committee and who shall pay an annual subscription of $3 or £1. b) Associate Members who shall pay an annual subscription of $1.50 or 10 s., and who shall be either persons or museums, art galleries or similar institutions. Supporting Members who shall pay an annual subscription of not less than $10 or £3 10 s., and who shall be either persons or museums, art galleries or similar institutions. Honorary Members who shall be elected by the Executive Committee in recognition of conspicuous service to museums and who shall pay no subscription. An applicant is therefore able to choose between Supporting and Associate Membership, but it is hoped that all institutions other than the very smallest and all persons able to do so will give full support to the work of ICOM by joining as Supporting Members. Both Supporting and Associate Members are eligible for consideration as future Active and Honorary Members. An applicant will be enrolled as soon as: (i) his application has been approved by the National Committee of his own country (or, where none exists,
shall be either persons or museums, art galleries or similar institutions. Supporting Members who shall pay an annual subscription of not less than $10 or £3 10 s., and who shall be either persons or museums, art galleries or similar institutions. Honorary Members who shall be elected by the Executive Committee in recognition of conspicuous service to museums and who shall pay no subscription. An applicant is therefore able to choose between Supporting and Associate Membership, but it is hoped that all institutions other than the very smallest and all persons able to do so will give full support to the work of ICOM by joining as Supporting Members. Both Supporting and Associate Members are eligible for consideration as future Active and Honorary Members. An applicant will be enrolled as soon as: (i) his application has been approved by the National Committee of his own country (or, where none exists, by the Executive Committee), and (ii) payment of his first subscription (made in accordance with the instructions on the application form) has been reported to ICOM headquarters in Paris. The new member will then receive a membership card, all publications for the current year, and a receipt for his subscription. The annual subscription covers the period from 1st January to 31st December. Museums or similar institutions may be represented by three of their members at meetings and general conferences of ICOM. NATIONAL COMMITTEES OF ICOM HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED IN Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ceylon, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Haiti, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia. INTERNATIONAL SUBJECT COMMITTEES HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED TO COVER (1) Museums of Science and Technology; (2) Natural History Museums; (3) Museums of Ethnography and Folklore; (4) Archaeological and Historical Museums; (5) Fine Art Museums and Museums of Applied Art; (6) Children's Museums and activities concerning Youth in Museums; (7) Education; (8) Museums and Industry; (9) Personnel; (10) Museums Techniques; (11) Administration; (12)
The annual subscription covers the period from 1st January to 31st December. Museums or similar institutions may be represented by three of their members at meetings and general conferences of ICOM. NATIONAL COMMITTEES OF ICOM HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED IN Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ceylon, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Haiti, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia. INTERNATIONAL SUBJECT COMMITTEES HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED TO COVER (1) Museums of Science and Technology; (2) Natural History Museums; (3) Museums of Ethnography and Folklore; (4) Archaeological and Historical Museums; (5) Fine Art Museums and Museums of Applied Art; (6) Children's Museums and activities concerning Youth in Museums; (7) Education; (8) Museums and Industry; (9) Personnel; (10) Museums Techniques; (11) Administration; (12) Public Relations; (13) Museum Laboratories; (14) Documentation.
TRIBUNE LIBRE Craignons la Nuit Les expansifs et turbulents Gaulois ont introduit dans leur histoire la plus extraordinaire révolution du silence qui fût jamais. Ils font la guerre sans discours. Leur libre et capricieuse démocratie s'est imposée une discipline admirable. Tous se taisent. Les ministres n'apparaissent qu'avec un doigt sur la bouche, obstinément résolus à ne rien dévoiler de leurs secrets redoutables. Les parlementaires, retenant leur respiration et marchant sur la pointe des pieds, osent à peine interroger, s'enquérir, risquer un usage timide de leurs droits. Les journalistes sont matés, et la pensée, cavale indolente et rétive, rue vainement dans ses brancards. On tient boutique, à la censure, d'entraves et de mors aux dents. Et, la nation, pétrifiée, immobile, les mains raidies sur ses genoux, semblable à la statue de Memnon, enveloppée de l'interminable et terrible nuit, attend que vienne, pour faire entendre sa voix, le merveilleux instant des premiers rayons de l'aurore. Cette expérience d'une démocratie aux lèvres cadenassées, amenée par des passes savantes à l'absolu sommeil cataleptique, cette expérience dure depuis douze mois. Elle devait, selon de doctes et infaillibles hypnotiseurs, aboutir à l'éclatante et formidable victoire : ce bloc enfariné d'une France muette, sans souffle et sans mouvement, accroupie dans un coin sombre, stupéfiée, susciterait dans les rangs ennemis une mystérieuse épouvante ; à la vue de cette machine, le Teuton méfiant et malin se serait prudemment retiré ! Mais le Teuton n'a pas bougé, et nous en sommes pour nos frais d'invention. La vérité, c'est qu'il ne faut point forcer notre vertu ; tout excès est préjudiciable. Ésope affirmait à Xanthus que la langue est la pire des choses ; il avouait aussi qu'elle est la meilleure. Nous vivons au pays de la juste mesure. On finira bientôt par s'apercevoir du péril que comporte la pratique du silence extrême. Les âmes s'affaissent et les énergies fléchissent si, de temps en temps, elles ne sont point soutenues par une ardente et forte parole. Une limite se découvre où la confiance pourrait se muer en un état de torpeur et de mélancolique résignation. Une heure sonne, inévitable et
mouvement, accroupie dans un coin sombre, stupéfiée, susciterait dans les rangs ennemis une mystérieuse épouvante ; à la vue de cette machine, le Teuton méfiant et malin se serait prudemment retiré ! Mais le Teuton n'a pas bougé, et nous en sommes pour nos frais d'invention. La vérité, c'est qu'il ne faut point forcer notre vertu ; tout excès est préjudiciable. Ésope affirmait à Xanthus que la langue est la pire des choses ; il avouait aussi qu'elle est la meilleure. Nous vivons au pays de la juste mesure. On finira bientôt par s'apercevoir du péril que comporte la pratique du silence extrême. Les âmes s'affaissent et les énergies fléchissent si, de temps en temps, elles ne sont point soutenues par une ardente et forte parole. Une limite se découvre où la confiance pourrait se muer en un état de torpeur et de mélancolique résignation. Une heure sonne, inévitable et fatidique, où le peuple marque son impatience de ne rien savoir, de ne pas comprendre, d'être traité en petit enfant. On s'abstient de le renseigner. C'est une dangereuse méthode. On a dit à ce peuple, on lui a répété que « la France ira jusqu'au bout », Et il cherche une réponse à de graves interrogations. Quand verrons-nous apparaître le commencement de la fin ? Irons-nous jusqu'aux rives de la Sprée ou simplement aux bords du Rhin ? Pourquoi nos armées demeurent-elles hélfées sur place ? Est-ce impuissance ou tactique ? Où sont les signes annonciateurs de la victoire ? Il faudrait satisfaire cet impérieux besoin de connaître la physionomie réelle de la guerre, le caractère vrai des événements. Nos dirigeants préfèrent envoyer la nation se coucher : Dors dors bel ange d'amour ! Ils ont tort. Mieux vaudrait la tenir en éveil, l'instruire, la mettre en garde contre les trop faciles légendes, contre les illusions qui ne manquent jamais d'aboutir aux déceptions amères. Il serait sage qu'on fit à chaque Français, à chaque Française, cette claire et vigoureuse affirmation : « L'implacable et gigantesque duel de ce temps n'a rien de commun avec les guerres d'autrefois. Ne te fies
une réponse à de graves interrogations. Quand verrons-nous apparaître le commencement de la fin ? Irons-nous jusqu'aux rives de la Sprée ou simplement aux bords du Rhin ? Pourquoi nos armées demeurent-elles hélfées sur place ? Est-ce impuissance ou tactique ? Où sont les signes annonciateurs de la victoire ? Il faudrait satisfaire cet impérieux besoin de connaître la physionomie réelle de la guerre, le caractère vrai des événements. Nos dirigeants préfèrent envoyer la nation se coucher : Dors dors bel ange d'amour ! Ils ont tort. Mieux vaudrait la tenir en éveil, l'instruire, la mettre en garde contre les trop faciles légendes, contre les illusions qui ne manquent jamais d'aboutir aux déceptions amères. Il serait sage qu'on fit à chaque Français, à chaque Française, cette claire et vigoureuse affirmation : « L'implacable et gigantesque duel de ce temps n'a rien de commun avec les guerres d'autrefois. Ne te fies pas aux apparences. Cette guerre est un massacre systématique d'hommes, une destruction méthodique d'argent. « Le vaincu ne sera pas celui dont le territoire est envahi ou qui aura perdu le plus de batailles, mais celui qui aura été plus vite épuisé sa force militaire et ses ressources financières. Il semble, en effet, que les Germains soient triomphants à l'Orient, comme à l'Occident ; c'est comme s'ils avaient battu les flots de la mer avec des bâtons. Les Alliés sont l'Océan, et ils se moquent de l'orgueil de Xerxès. Ils ont, pour eux, le Nombre et l'Or, la Durée et l'Espace. « Il est exact que notre armée a pris racine sur un front invariable. Qu'est-ce que cela signifie, sinon que nous voulons tuer beaucoup d'ennemis avec le minimum de sacrifices pour nous-mêmes. « Je te déclare que cette immobilité n'est pas contre nos généraux ; ils font la guerre qui convient à nos possibilités. Cette stratégie en vaut une autre. L'Allemagne, attirée sur ce mur, s'y précipite avec fureur, se déchire les muscles, se brise le crâne et les os, jusqu'à ce que, l'insensée, ayant perdu tout son sang, affolée sur le sol, demande grâce. « Soyons patients. Nos