jeanflop/post_ocr_correction2 huggingface dataset:
make it imperative that new galleries should be added and that modern equipment be installed throughout. Attendance increased from 33,844 in 1953 to 45,304 in 1954. The six important temporary exhibitions were very successful and especially appreciated by students and workers. UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA SAMAB. South African museums association bulletin, Durban vol. 6, n° 2, June 1955 A number of papers read at the annual meeting of the Museums Association concern co-operation, whether between museums of different categories or between museums and other educational institutions. "Co-operation between museums and universities", by A. C. HOFFMAN (Bloemfontein) Both museums and universities are dependent upon the Department of Education for their finances, and their scientific work in many respects covers the same field so that a closer co-operation between these institutions seems very essential. A practical scheme was discussed by the directors of three of the State museums at a meeting in Pretoria. Since the State museums are situated in cities where there are also universities it should be possible to apply the suggested programme. "Co-operation between museums, art galleries and schools", by M. WYATT-STAYT (Durban) The author enlarges on a paper read at a previous meeting and suggests that the Association undertake a survey of existing museum services and facilities in the Union of South Africa, other parts of Africa, and possibly overseas countries. "Co-operation between museums, art galleries and schools", by J. M. Z. HUTHWAITE (Durban) The author sums up the educational activities carried out by the Durban Museum and Art Gallery for nearly 40 years. Special exhibitions, discussion groups, the handling of specimens, films and lantern slides, questionnaires have given excellent results. "Some observations on co-operation between museums and schools", by J. M. STURGESS History of the development of museum education services in South Africa and recent trends in the teaching of natural history and biology; methods by which British and American museums awaken the interest of school children, creation of Junior Naturalist Clubs, etc. "Co-operation between museums and schools", by Miss M. E. JOHNS Random thoughts on children's visits to museums with their teachers. It is advised that
undertake a survey of existing museum services and facilities in the Union of South Africa, other parts of Africa, and possibly overseas countries. "Co-operation between museums, art galleries and schools", by J. M. Z. HUTHWAITE (Durban) The author sums up the educational activities carried out by the Durban Museum and Art Gallery for nearly 40 years. Special exhibitions, discussion groups, the handling of specimens, films and lantern slides, questionnaires have given excellent results. "Some observations on co-operation between museums and schools", by J. M. STURGESS History of the development of museum education services in South Africa and recent trends in the teaching of natural history and biology; methods by which British and American museums awaken the interest of school children, creation of Junior Naturalist Clubs, etc. "Co-operation between museums and schools", by Miss M. E. JOHNS Random thoughts on children's visits to museums with their teachers. It is advised that teachers prepare the lesson given in a museum as carefully as any given in a classroom. vol. 6, n° 3, Sept. 1955 "Techniques for the study of Permian-Triassic fossils of South Africa", by A. W. CROMPTON (Bloemfontein) Techniques designed to reveal the finest detail of the structure of fossils are employed in palaeontological institutes throughout the world and the author describes the methods which have given satisfactory results in South Africa. "Co-operation between Museums and nature conservation department of Cape Province", by D. HEY (Cape Province) An advisory Committee for nature conservation has been established by the Provincial administration. As a result the resources of the museums are more readily available and the Department of Nature Conservation. It is in the museum that the city dweller — both child and adult — usually makes his first contact with nature and the manner in which it is presented to him may influence his attitude for life. "Co-operation between museums and authorities responsible for nature conservation" by Col. J. VINCENT (Natal) This paper completes the preceding one and deals with the conservation of natural reserves and parks. The author stresses the danger — especially in Africa — of disrupting the biological equilibrium
employed in palaeontological institutes throughout the world and the author describes the methods which have given satisfactory results in South Africa. "Co-operation between Museums and nature conservation department of Cape Province", by D. HEY (Cape Province) An advisory Committee for nature conservation has been established by the Provincial administration. As a result the resources of the museums are more readily available and the Department of Nature Conservation. It is in the museum that the city dweller — both child and adult — usually makes his first contact with nature and the manner in which it is presented to him may influence his attitude for life. "Co-operation between museums and authorities responsible for nature conservation" by Col. J. VINCENT (Natal) This paper completes the preceding one and deals with the conservation of natural reserves and parks. The author stresses the danger — especially in Africa — of disrupting the biological equilibrium of a county. The education of the general public must be effected both by the Museum worker and the conservationist. Habitat groups, lectures, films, guided tours are part of the visual education carried out by museums. The biological and ecological research carried out by the museum scientist does much to inform the minds of the general public. The author deplores however a certain duplication in the taxonomical programme of museums. To conserve and improve natural resources there must be close co-operation between museum authorities and conservationists. "Co-operation between museums, art galleries and libraries", by R. F. KENNEDY (Johannesburg) The author advocates close co-operation between historical museums and art galleries. The specialised knowledge of the Director of an art gallery is of great assistance for determining the value of a picture in an historical museum. There is also complete co-operation between the Johannesburg Public Library and the Africana Museum. Moreover South Africa has a well-developed inter-library loan system operating through the State Library, Pretoria. Under this system all the public libraries, the university libraries, specialised libraries and some museums make their stock available anywhere in Southern Africa. Museums can put on an occasional exhibition in the library: the library can display
inform the minds of the general public. The author deplores however a certain duplication in the taxonomical programme of museums. To conserve and improve natural resources there must be close co-operation between museum authorities and conservationists. "Co-operation between museums, art galleries and libraries", by R. F. KENNEDY (Johannesburg) The author advocates close co-operation between historical museums and art galleries. The specialised knowledge of the Director of an art gallery is of great assistance for determining the value of a picture in an historical museum. There is also complete co-operation between the Johannesburg Public Library and the Africana Museum. Moreover South Africa has a well-developed inter-library loan system operating through the State Library, Pretoria. Under this system all the public libraries, the university libraries, specialised libraries and some museums make their stock available anywhere in Southern Africa. Museums can put on an occasional exhibition in the library: the library can display its treasures in the museum; however the extent of co-operation will depend very largely on the personality and outlook of the individual officials. "South African museums and the archaeological survey", by B. D. MALAN (Johannesburg) South Africa is one of the richest countries in the world in archaeological remains and general interest in the material is on the increase everywhere. However, only a few South African museums have the staff qualified to identify and classify archaeological material and to arrange adequate displays. Centralisation of the collections would have a detrimental effect on interest, not only in the subject, but in the local museum. The archaeological survey of the Union aims at being a central clearing house for information, but museums may not be sufficiently informed of what help the survey can offer: identification and classification of specimens, recording of information, etc. Cooperation is possible through correspondence and through visits to the museums or to the Survey, it being understood that the Survey has no wish to interfere in the affairs of any other institution still less to dictate to them. (1) prehistoric material vol. 6, n° 4, Dec. 1955 "The functions of an historical museum and its role in the
general interest in the material is on the increase everywhere. However, only a few South African museums have the staff qualified to identify and classify archaeological material and to arrange adequate displays. Centralisation of the collections would have a detrimental effect on interest, not only in the subject, but in the local museum. The archaeological survey of the Union aims at being a central clearing house for information, but museums may not be sufficiently informed of what help the survey can offer: identification and classification of specimens, recording of information, etc. Cooperation is possible through correspondence and through visits to the museums or to the Survey, it being understood that the Survey has no wish to interfere in the affairs of any other institution still less to dictate to them. (1) prehistoric material vol. 6, n° 4, Dec. 1955 "The functions of an historical museum and its role in the community it serves", by Mrs. D. STRUTT (Durban) The main functions of the Natal Settlers Old House Museum are to collect and preserve selected historical material; to use this material to illustrate the history of Natal; to make accessible for research purposes exhibits not on display. The building has two exhibition rooms only so that the exhibits are changed frequently. Each item of the stored collection is indexed and a modification of the Dewey system of classification has been used for photographs and documents which are housed in vertical files in steel filing cabinets. A card index subject catalogue is based on the same system. The location of each item is entered in the accession register which also contains the item number and notes, particulars, source and value of each item. An additional card-index to sources simplifies enquiries from donors. A project in hand is the formation of a small puppet theatre. Episodes of Natal's history will be brought to life for the children. UNITED KINGDOM The Museums Journal, London. vol. 55, n° 8, Nov. 1955 "State aid abroad" During a recent visit to Holland and Sweden the editors have examined the methods by which the state gives financial assistance
exhibition rooms only so that the exhibits are changed frequently. Each item of the stored collection is indexed and a modification of the Dewey system of classification has been used for photographs and documents which are housed in vertical files in steel filing cabinets. A card index subject catalogue is based on the same system. The location of each item is entered in the accession register which also contains the item number and notes, particulars, source and value of each item. An additional card-index to sources simplifies enquiries from donors. A project in hand is the formation of a small puppet theatre. Episodes of Natal's history will be brought to life for the children. UNITED KINGDOM The Museums Journal, London. vol. 55, n° 8, Nov. 1955 "State aid abroad" During a recent visit to Holland and Sweden the editors have examined the methods by which the state gives financial assistance to provincial and local museums in those countries. In Holland, in addition to the annual subsidies to museums which do not belong to the State a number of grants are made each year for extensions, reorganizations or for the purchase of objects. In Sweden part of the proceeds of the State lottery has been used for the construction of new museum buildings. This year the Government has introduced a system of grants to regional museums which cover the major part of the curator's or assistant curator's salaries. In return the curators are appointed Regional Inspectors of the State and are entrusted with the duty of supervising all the antiquities of their Province. "A University Museum in the region", by E. K. WATERHOUSE (Birmingham) A number of universities have added a department of art history to their resources. The author stresses the importance for the Museums Association of not divorcing itself from these university departments and of integrating them as fully as may be into its own body. In the discussion that followed the reading of this paper at the Museums Conference at Birmingham it was claimed that the teacher in the history of art who was responsible for a collection
State lottery has been used for the construction of new museum buildings. This year the Government has introduced a system of grants to regional museums which cover the major part of the curator's or assistant curator's salaries. In return the curators are appointed Regional Inspectors of the State and are entrusted with the duty of supervising all the antiquities of their Province. "A University Museum in the region", by E. K. WATERHOUSE (Birmingham) A number of universities have added a department of art history to their resources. The author stresses the importance for the Museums Association of not divorcing itself from these university departments and of integrating them as fully as may be into its own body. In the discussion that followed the reading of this paper at the Museums Conference at Birmingham it was claimed that the teacher in the history of art who was responsible for a collection of pictures and the building in which they were housed should be prepared to study the techniques of administration, conservation and display, points which are covered by the existing Diploma. It did not seem necessary to enlarge the present Diploma course to enable university art teachers to become museum curators. "Children and science in the museum", by F. S. TAYLOR (London) The Director of the Science Museum, London, describes the main objects of a museum, particularly instruction through pleasure for children. Experience shows that children enjoy working models; however a children's gallery must have a systematic plan so that unaccompanied children as well as school groups with their teachers may benefit by the visit. "A new mount", by C. V. ADAMS (Plymouth) The author who is Keeper of Natural History at the City Museum, Plymouth, discusses the use of cell mounts as an alternative to embedding biological specimens in transparent plastic. The method is inexpensive and material may be mounted either in formalin, alcohol or in a dry state. vol. 55, n° 9, Dec. 1955 "Export of works of art" Commentary on the public assistance made available to provincial art galleries and museums. Grants are usually inadequate except those to
"Children and science in the museum", by F. S. TAYLOR (London) The Director of the Science Museum, London, describes the main objects of a museum, particularly instruction through pleasure for children. Experience shows that children enjoy working models; however a children's gallery must have a systematic plan so that unaccompanied children as well as school groups with their teachers may benefit by the visit. "A new mount", by C. V. ADAMS (Plymouth) The author who is Keeper of Natural History at the City Museum, Plymouth, discusses the use of cell mounts as an alternative to embedding biological specimens in transparent plastic. The method is inexpensive and material may be mounted either in formalin, alcohol or in a dry state. vol. 55, n° 9, Dec. 1955 "Export of works of art" Commentary on the public assistance made available to provincial art galleries and museums. Grants are usually inadequate except those to national museums which have been substantially increased to enable them to pursue negotiations freely for approved purchases and with the shortest possible lapse of time. The sum at the disposal of provincial galleries is out of keeping with their possible needs. The Reviewing Committee on the export of works of art recommends in its report that "the grant made available for the assistance of local collections should be greatly increased, and its existence made more widely known". "The Cook Collection" It was announced in March that the late Mr. Ernest Edward Cook, a grandson of the founder of the travel agency, had bequeathed his important collections to the National Art Collections fund for distribution to the museums and galleries of England, thus giving provincial galleries the opportunity of adding to their collections. "A Theatre Museum" At a meeting organized by the Society for Theatre Research it was proposed to form a Committee to consider the establishment of a national Theatre Museum or Institute and to appoint Trustees so that gifts and bequests would become the legal property of the museum. "The American Wing", by L. B. POWELL (New York) Mrs. Powell describes the collection in the American wing, of which
art recommends in its report that "the grant made available for the assistance of local collections should be greatly increased, and its existence made more widely known". "The Cook Collection" It was announced in March that the late Mr. Ernest Edward Cook, a grandson of the founder of the travel agency, had bequeathed his important collections to the National Art Collections fund for distribution to the museums and galleries of England, thus giving provincial galleries the opportunity of adding to their collections. "A Theatre Museum" At a meeting organized by the Society for Theatre Research it was proposed to form a Committee to consider the establishment of a national Theatre Museum or Institute and to appoint Trustees so that gifts and bequests would become the legal property of the museum. "The American Wing", by L. B. POWELL (New York) Mrs. Powell describes the collection in the American wing, of which she is Keeper, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The building is devoted to the chronological development of the interior architecture and decorative arts in the American colonies and the early Federal period of the United States (1650—1850). Twenty-one complete rooms have been taken from old houses of various periods and installed on three floors. The visible and tangible evidence of the past is used to make real the traditions and the values on which the country was founded. "Museums as Architecture", by J. SUMMERSON (London) Description of the approach of British architects of the past to museum design. The most representative buildings from the British Museum to the Horniman Museum are briefly described. In conclusion the author states "we are still faced with a choice between the conventional and the "progressive" behind all problems of detail and functions is a psychological problem which nobody has yet solved in our time". During the ensuing discussion MM. G. H. Rivière, Director of Icom and Dubuisson, architect, showed the plans for the new Musée national des arts et traditions populaires, to be erected in Paris at the approved cost of 500.000. The architect has managed to observe the needs of
various periods and installed on three floors. The visible and tangible evidence of the past is used to make real the traditions and the values on which the country was founded. "Museums as Architecture", by J. SUMMERSON (London) Description of the approach of British architects of the past to museum design. The most representative buildings from the British Museum to the Horniman Museum are briefly described. In conclusion the author states "we are still faced with a choice between the conventional and the "progressive" behind all problems of detail and functions is a psychological problem which nobody has yet solved in our time". During the ensuing discussion MM. G. H. Rivière, Director of Icom and Dubuisson, architect, showed the plans for the new Musée national des arts et traditions populaires, to be erected in Paris at the approved cost of 500.000. The architect has managed to observe the needs of modern museography and has made his design adaptable to ever changing ideas in museums policy and technique. Other speakers stated that Curators often suffer from architects and that architects of most museum buildings should be compelled to live and work in the buildings for at least five years. vol. 55, n° 10, Jan. 1956 "Restriction by education" With the development of science and the need for technicians, culture is at the crossroads but museums, like schools, should not be rigorously divided between learning and science. Restriction through education is a paradox in days when the utmost width of outlook is a necessity. Museum men and women have realized the educational role of museums but there is room for greater effort if museums are to fill the place that they must occupy in the new economy and ecology of education today. "National museums and local material", by R. L. S. BRUCE-MITFORD (London) The Keeper of British and Mediaeval Antiquities in the British Museum defends the right of national museums to claim local material. A national museum is a setting for outstanding treasures where they may be 1) Safe from theft, fire or neglect; 2) Assured of the very best laboratory attention
n° 10, Jan. 1956 "Restriction by education" With the development of science and the need for technicians, culture is at the crossroads but museums, like schools, should not be rigorously divided between learning and science. Restriction through education is a paradox in days when the utmost width of outlook is a necessity. Museum men and women have realized the educational role of museums but there is room for greater effort if museums are to fill the place that they must occupy in the new economy and ecology of education today. "National museums and local material", by R. L. S. BRUCE-MITFORD (London) The Keeper of British and Mediaeval Antiquities in the British Museum defends the right of national museums to claim local material. A national museum is a setting for outstanding treasures where they may be 1) Safe from theft, fire or neglect; 2) Assured of the very best laboratory attention and scientific knowledge, experience and equipment for their care and study; 3) Alongside other objects of the same class. Only a concentration of the best can produce a full impact or total effect in illustrating a phase of early history; 4) Where they are most accessible to the largest number of scholars and students and visitors; 5) Where they can be looked after by curators able to specialize and so in a position to realize the true value of a specimen, and qualified to publish adequately such specimens. Owing to the importance of local excavations, provincial museums are able to acquire much archaeological material. This need not lead to rivalry and a certain amount of give and take is necessary to satisfy the interests of national and regional museums. In the ensuing discussion the orators were in favour of close cooperation between national and regional museums and drew attention to the failure of national museums to publish adequately many of the treasures which had long been in their possession. "Museums in a changing age", by W. C. CONSTABLE (Boston) The Curator of paintings at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, U.S.A., discusses the possibility of developing the museum as a