jeanflop/post_ocr_correction2 huggingface dataset:
awareness of the French Revolution as the foundation of a new political and social order. ANDRÉE MANSUY-DINIZ-SILVA THE REVOLUTION SEEN FROM TURIN BY A PORTUGUESE DIPLOMAT IN 1789. The Portuguese plenipotentiary at the Sardinian Court, D. Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho, in Turin since 1779, was an attentive observer of the political, economic and social situation in France. In the weekly dispatches he sent to the Foreign Secretary, he recounted and commented on some of the main events in France in 1789. His attempt to grasp the underlying reasons for the unfolding revolution produced a lucid analysis which drew the lesson from the events. He was a man of the Enlightenment in favour of necessary reforms, but also a supporter of enlightened despotism, and he was concerned to preserve the king's complete sovereignty. JEAN-PAUL DE LAGRAVE EVENTS IN FRANCE AS SEEN BY THE MONTREAL GAZETTE. The beginning of the French Revolution led, in Quebec, to a general questioning of its « feudal » society that the British conquerors had preserved and the Sons of Liberty had been unable to alter. The Montreal Gazette, edited by the printer Fleury Mesplet (1734-1794), a friend of Benjamin Franklin, reflected the Canadians' favourable reaction to the revolutionary movement. The storming of the Bastille became a sign of hope for the middle classes and caused panic among the church dignitaries and the nobles who had survived the British conquest in 1760. A study of the Montreal Gazette in 1789 reveals the acceleration of the movement for political and social reform in the former « Nouvelle France ». JACQUES RUELLAND THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN IN THE QUEBEC GAZETTE FOR 1789. Between 19th November 1789 and 5th January 1792, the Quebec Gazette, a four-page weekly newspaper, published the text of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen four times. This interest shows the extent to which the changes brought by the Revolution to the old continent were approved by the inhabitants of this former French territory, conquered by Britain in 1760-63 and living since 1774 under the yoke of
the revolutionary movement. The storming of the Bastille became a sign of hope for the middle classes and caused panic among the church dignitaries and the nobles who had survived the British conquest in 1760. A study of the Montreal Gazette in 1789 reveals the acceleration of the movement for political and social reform in the former « Nouvelle France ». JACQUES RUELLAND THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN IN THE QUEBEC GAZETTE FOR 1789. Between 19th November 1789 and 5th January 1792, the Quebec Gazette, a four-page weekly newspaper, published the text of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen four times. This interest shows the extent to which the changes brought by the Revolution to the old continent were approved by the inhabitants of this former French territory, conquered by Britain in 1760-63 and living since 1774 under the yoke of the Quebec Act. By publishing the Declaration, they were encouraging political change in a colony which was deprived of the most fundamental institutions and rights. In OTHER ARTICLES, MICHEL PÉRONNET RELIGIOUS, ROYAL AND MEDICAL VIEWS OF ILLNESS. In the West, the earliest view of illness was that of the Church, for whom it was a divine warning and epidemics a divine punishment. The royal point of view added a practical application of this esoteric conception, as the state tried to help the sick and, in particular, to stop the spread of epidemics. This, however, implied a contradiction as, if one believed that the epidemic was the expression of the wrath of God, one should not attempt to halt it. A third attitude appeared with the development of medical knowledge, as medicine became an independent discipline only concerned with the sick individual. These three attitudes can be summed up as follows: the sick man is, first, a soul to be saved, then a subject to be treated, and finally a human being to be cared for. MARIE SOUVIRON, DIDEROT IN THE « ALLÉE DES MARRONNIERS ». A careful reading of the last episodes of the « Allée des Marronniers » in
for whom it was a divine warning and epidemics a divine punishment. The royal point of view added a practical application of this esoteric conception, as the state tried to help the sick and, in particular, to stop the spread of epidemics. This, however, implied a contradiction as, if one believed that the epidemic was the expression of the wrath of God, one should not attempt to halt it. A third attitude appeared with the development of medical knowledge, as medicine became an independent discipline only concerned with the sick individual. These three attitudes can be summed up as follows: the sick man is, first, a soul to be saved, then a subject to be treated, and finally a human being to be cared for. MARIE SOUVIRON, DIDEROT IN THE « ALLÉE DES MARRONNIERS ». A careful reading of the last episodes of the « Allée des Marronniers » in La Promenade du Sceptique reveals that its « curve » follows exactly that of the Pensées philosophiques and extends it by adding representatives of philosophical « sects » who were missing. This text is a step in the direction of the Lettre sur les aveugles and the 1749 letter to Voltaire and, instead of being a « regression » towards deism, it in fact « goes further » as Diderot opens up two new possibilities. One leads to « modern Spinozism » as defined in the Encyclopédie and embodied in the Rêve materialistic monism with no divinity. The other represents one of Diderot's obsessions: the crimes committed against Atheos' family by the blind man who no longer fears divine punishment pose the problem of how to found a moral system independent of religion, as in Antiquity. ANN THOMSON, THE MAN MACHINE: MYTH OR METAPHOR. La Mettrie's Homme machine is still too often considered as the embodiment of « mechanistic materialism » inspired directly by Descartes. This article demonstrates the error of this interpretation. In particular, the reference to a machine, instead of being an explanatory principle, is shown to function as a metaphor. Similarly, the use of Cartesian animal spirits,
Voltaire and, instead of being a « regression » towards deism, it in fact « goes further » as Diderot opens up two new possibilities. One leads to « modern Spinozism » as defined in the Encyclopédie and embodied in the Rêve materialistic monism with no divinity. The other represents one of Diderot's obsessions: the crimes committed against Atheos' family by the blind man who no longer fears divine punishment pose the problem of how to found a moral system independent of religion, as in Antiquity. ANN THOMSON, THE MAN MACHINE: MYTH OR METAPHOR. La Mettrie's Homme machine is still too often considered as the embodiment of « mechanistic materialism » inspired directly by Descartes. This article demonstrates the error of this interpretation. In particular, the reference to a machine, instead of being an explanatory principle, is shown to function as a metaphor. Similarly, the use of Cartesian animal spirits, present in La Mettrie's first works, is replaced in L'Homme machine by more dynamic metaphors for the workings of the brain, to account for human creativity. Far from constructing a mechanistic model of man, La Mettrie's sole aim is to demonstrate that a dynamic matter can account for all human activity; he admits ignorance as to the exact workings of this material being. JEAN-FRANÇOIS COMBES, MALAVIALLE, A FRESH LOOK AT THE ABBÉ DE PRADES. The abbé de Prades is not well known; interest has been focused on only a few years of his life, between 1751, date of his thesis, and 1757, when he was imprisoned at Magdeburg. This article outlines a complete biography, throwing light on obscure periods in his youth and adult life, and revealing other events beyond his condemnation, retraction, and imprisonment. We also see that his character, maligned by contemporary polemics, is worth studying with more understanding than hitherto. Finally, his works merit complete study, not limited to the censored passages, linking the controversies of the period to the long-term trends in philosophy, theology and Church history. DAVID BEESON, AN ANECDOTE ABOUT LA CONDAMINE. A scurrilous quatrain against La Condamine appeared at the time of his
activity; he admits ignorance as to the exact workings of this material being. JEAN-FRANÇOIS COMBES, MALAVIALLE, A FRESH LOOK AT THE ABBÉ DE PRADES. The abbé de Prades is not well known; interest has been focused on only a few years of his life, between 1751, date of his thesis, and 1757, when he was imprisoned at Magdeburg. This article outlines a complete biography, throwing light on obscure periods in his youth and adult life, and revealing other events beyond his condemnation, retraction, and imprisonment. We also see that his character, maligned by contemporary polemics, is worth studying with more understanding than hitherto. Finally, his works merit complete study, not limited to the censored passages, linking the controversies of the period to the long-term trends in philosophy, theology and Church history. DAVID BEESON, AN ANECDOTE ABOUT LA CONDAMINE. A scurrilous quatrain against La Condamine appeared at the time of his admission to the Académie française in 1761. The evidence of correspondence in the Bernoulli archives in Basel shows that, as has long been suspected, the author was La Condamine himself. BELINDA CANNONE, A PAMPHLET BY MIRABEAU IN FAVOUR OF INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC. Although Mirabeau had apparently no musical education, he wrote, in 1777, a pamphlet in defence of Raimondi's Télémaque. This defence of instrumental music was unusual at the time, but his arguments appeal to the traditional theory of music as the universal language of feeling. What is new is his claim that instrumental music expresses more than vocal music and is therefore superior, even though the latter expresses better. Describing, at the end of the pamphlet, Raimondi's musical technique, he rejects his opponents' preference for seeing a story, in favour of hearing and feeling it. The emotion aroused by hearing is more personal, less reasoned, and therefore preferable. Mirabeau thus attempts a theoretical justification of instrumental music. RAYMOND TROUSSON, MIRABEAU SEEN BY ROMANTIC WRITERS. Because of his scandalous youth, his role at the beginning of the Revolution, and his ambiguous character, Mirabeau interested the Romantics. Mme de Staël and Chateaubriand considered him to be an exceptional being with an uncommon
in 1777, a pamphlet in defence of Raimondi's Télémaque. This defence of instrumental music was unusual at the time, but his arguments appeal to the traditional theory of music as the universal language of feeling. What is new is his claim that instrumental music expresses more than vocal music and is therefore superior, even though the latter expresses better. Describing, at the end of the pamphlet, Raimondi's musical technique, he rejects his opponents' preference for seeing a story, in favour of hearing and feeling it. The emotion aroused by hearing is more personal, less reasoned, and therefore preferable. Mirabeau thus attempts a theoretical justification of instrumental music. RAYMOND TROUSSON, MIRABEAU SEEN BY ROMANTIC WRITERS. Because of his scandalous youth, his role at the beginning of the Revolution, and his ambiguous character, Mirabeau interested the Romantics. Mme de Staël and Chateaubriand considered him to be an exceptional being with an uncommon destiny, impressive physique and fiery eloquence. Although Balzac identified with him, Stendhal, however, was not very interested in him, and George Sand saw him as a false revolutionary motivated by ambition and bought off by the right. It was Hugo who developed all the elements which gave Mirabeau a truly mythical status, expressing his own political and social ideals. Following him, Michelet and other historians, and Lamartine together created, during the Romantic period, the legend of Mirabeau. YVES CHASTAGNARET, GEORGE SAND AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. The author here tries to show the originality of the historical analysis begun in 1830 by G. Sand. She began her literary career after the July Revolution, which strongly influenced the content of her work and the form taken by her political commitment. It was urgent, she believed, to return to the ideals of 1789 and to resume the debate concerning the fundamental principles of the Revolution. Her meeting with Pierre Leroux in 1835 was decisive, for it made her thinking, previously fragmented, more coherent and profound. Instead of simply criticizing, she produced a more unified system. But this plan for a new « social contract » foundered on the harsh reality of 1848. FRANÇOIS
mythical status, expressing his own political and social ideals. Following him, Michelet and other historians, and Lamartine together created, during the Romantic period, the legend of Mirabeau. YVES CHASTAGNARET, GEORGE SAND AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. The author here tries to show the originality of the historical analysis begun in 1830 by G. Sand. She began her literary career after the July Revolution, which strongly influenced the content of her work and the form taken by her political commitment. It was urgent, she believed, to return to the ideals of 1789 and to resume the debate concerning the fundamental principles of the Revolution. Her meeting with Pierre Leroux in 1835 was decisive, for it made her thinking, previously fragmented, more coherent and profound. Instead of simply criticizing, she produced a more unified system. But this plan for a new « social contract » foundered on the harsh reality of 1848. FRANÇOIS MOUREAU WATTEAU'S ITALY, OR THE ARTIST'S DREAM. Watteau, a painter in the Northern tradition who never made the pilgrimage to Italy, was apparently fascinated by this Latin civilization. There was in Flemish painting a tradition of mixing conversations with subjects inspired by the commedia dell'arte and Arcadian myths but in Watteau's painting, the depiction of flirtation is almost always separate from evocations of Italian theatre. The characters of the commedia dell'arte constitute a modern mythology and explain that for him, the fête galante appears, in the hierarchy of genres, as a substitute for historical painting. Pierrot replaces Apollo for new art lovers who look for a certain decorum but are blind to the meaning of the great genre. JEAN SGARD A CRITICAL LOOK AT THE EDITION OF PRÉVOST'S WORKS. The last volume of Prévost's works was recently published by the Presses Universitaires de Grenoble. In this article, its general editor provides a brief history of the edition, emphasizing the importance of economic factors in the publication of a critical edition. These economic constraints have adversely affected the physical presentation of the text, but have not seriously compromised the project as a whole. This new edition can be said to provide
Watteau's painting, the depiction of flirtation is almost always separate from evocations of Italian theatre. The characters of the commedia dell'arte constitute a modern mythology and explain that for him, the fête galante appears, in the hierarchy of genres, as a substitute for historical painting. Pierrot replaces Apollo for new art lovers who look for a certain decorum but are blind to the meaning of the great genre. JEAN SGARD A CRITICAL LOOK AT THE EDITION OF PRÉVOST'S WORKS. The last volume of Prévost's works was recently published by the Presses Universitaires de Grenoble. In this article, its general editor provides a brief history of the edition, emphasizing the importance of economic factors in the publication of a critical edition. These economic constraints have adversely affected the physical presentation of the text, but have not seriously compromised the project as a whole. This new edition can be said to provide a completely new version of the text of Prévost's thirteen novels. DOMINIQUE BOUREL 1986, THE YEAR OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. The bicentenary of the death of Frederick II in 1786 produced a certain number of publications, biographies, monographs, volumes of selected works, and a conference on him. Politicians in the two Germanies gave their views concerning him, and the rediscovery of both the king and of Prussia have encouraged research into fields which had long been neglected. It is to be hoped that a similar reawakening of interest in Prussia and her most brilliant monarch will take place in France. TABLE DES MATIÈRES I. NUMÉRO SPÉCIAL L'ANNÉE 1789 Roland DESNÉ et Michel VOVELLE Présentation 5 Pierre RÉTAT Une année au jour le jour. Chronologie du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 7 Michel GUYARD Un provincial à Paris en juillet extrait du journal inédit de Nicolas LOUET, avocat chaumontais 33 Jean-Claude DAVID Paris en août une lettre inédite de GIN 55 Paul HOFFMANN Une lettre inédite de Philippe SECRETAN à MIRABEAU (septembre) 65 André MAGNAN Prophétie féministe pour l'après-89 une lettre inédite de la comtesse de BENTINCK 71 Pierre RÉTAT L'année vue par les journaux problèmes et propositions 83 Claude LABROSSE
two Germanies gave their views concerning him, and the rediscovery of both the king and of Prussia have encouraged research into fields which had long been neglected. It is to be hoped that a similar reawakening of interest in Prussia and her most brilliant monarch will take place in France. TABLE DES MATIÈRES I. NUMÉRO SPÉCIAL L'ANNÉE 1789 Roland DESNÉ et Michel VOVELLE Présentation 5 Pierre RÉTAT Une année au jour le jour. Chronologie du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 7 Michel GUYARD Un provincial à Paris en juillet extrait du journal inédit de Nicolas LOUET, avocat chaumontais 33 Jean-Claude DAVID Paris en août une lettre inédite de GIN 55 Paul HOFFMANN Une lettre inédite de Philippe SECRETAN à MIRABEAU (septembre) 65 André MAGNAN Prophétie féministe pour l'après-89 une lettre inédite de la comtesse de BENTINCK 71 Pierre RÉTAT L'année vue par les journaux problèmes et propositions 83 Claude LABROSSE Le récit d'événement dans la presse 99 Pierre LAMARQUE Naissance de l'« Assemblée Nationale » 111 Michel PÉRONNET Nos Seigneurs du clergé de France 119 Vida AZIMI L'écho des employés ou le nouveau discours administratif 133 F. BLÉCHET À la Bibliothèque du Roi 151 Monique CUBELLS À Aix-en-Provence le mouvement et la résistance 161 Yves BENOT La question coloniale l'année des déceptions et des contradictions 179 Antoine de BAECQUE L'homme nouveau est arrivé. La « règle » du Français 193 Jacques GUILHAUMOU Le récit du 14 juillet dans les Vies politiques (1793-94) 209 Malcolm COOK Le roman en France 221 Jean-Rémy Autopsie de la Bastille peindre l'événement. 235 Jean-Louis JAM La musique à Paris 249 Hans-Jürgen et Rolf REICHARDT L'écho de 1789 en Allemagne 259 Leopoldo COLLOR JOBIM et João-Luis LISBOA Les diplomates portugais devant la Révolution 277 Andrée MANSUY-DINIZ SILVA L'année vue de Turin par un diplomate portugais 289 Jean-Paul de LAGRAVE L'année dans la Gazette de Montréal 315 Jacques RUELLAND La Déclaration des Droits dans la Gazette de Québec 333 II. MÉLANGES Michel PÉRONNET Discours ecclésial, monarchique et médical sur la maladie 337 Marie SOUVIRON: Diderot dans l'allée des Marronniers. Être matérialiste en 1747 353 Ann THOMSON L'homme-machine
et la résistance 161 Yves BENOT La question coloniale l'année des déceptions et des contradictions 179 Antoine de BAECQUE L'homme nouveau est arrivé. La « règle » du Français 193 Jacques GUILHAUMOU Le récit du 14 juillet dans les Vies politiques (1793-94) 209 Malcolm COOK Le roman en France 221 Jean-Rémy Autopsie de la Bastille peindre l'événement. 235 Jean-Louis JAM La musique à Paris 249 Hans-Jürgen et Rolf REICHARDT L'écho de 1789 en Allemagne 259 Leopoldo COLLOR JOBIM et João-Luis LISBOA Les diplomates portugais devant la Révolution 277 Andrée MANSUY-DINIZ SILVA L'année vue de Turin par un diplomate portugais 289 Jean-Paul de LAGRAVE L'année dans la Gazette de Montréal 315 Jacques RUELLAND La Déclaration des Droits dans la Gazette de Québec 333 II. MÉLANGES Michel PÉRONNET Discours ecclésial, monarchique et médical sur la maladie 337 Marie SOUVIRON: Diderot dans l'allée des Marronniers. Être matérialiste en 1747 353 Ann THOMSON L'homme-machine mythe ou métaphore ? 367 Jean-François COMBES-MALAVIALLE Vues nouvelles sur l'abbé de Parades 377 David BEESON Une anecdote sur La Condamine 399 Belinda CANNONE Le lecteur y mettra le titre. Un pamphlet de Mirabeau en faveur de la musique instrumentale 403 Raymond TROUSSON Mirabeau vu par les écrivains romantiques 415 Yves CHASTAGNARET George Sand et la Révolution française 431 François MOUPEAU L'Italie d'Antoine Watteau, ou le rêve de l'artiste 449 Documentation Jean SGARD Regard critique sur l'édition des Œuvres de Prévost. 459 Dominique BOUREL 1986, année Frédéric le Grand 465 Notes de lecture Revues, publications pluridisciplinaires, bibliographies 469 Éditions de textes 483 Histoire 501 Histoire des idées 547 Littérature 564 Arts 578 par Lise ANDRIES, François Azouvi, Michel BARIDON, Jean BLANKOFF, Pierre-André Bois, Jean Boissière, Dominique BOUREL, Denise BRAHIMI, Bernard CHEVIGNARD, Anne-Marie CHOUILLET, Jean-Claude DAVY, Michel DELON, Roland DESNÉ, Marcel DORIGNY, Daniel DROUHE, Jean DUCROCQ, Georges DULAC, Henri DURANTON, Gilles DUVAIL, Jean EHRARD, Robert FAVRE, Béatrice FINK, Dieter GEMBICKI, Gianluigi GOGGI, Robert GRANDEROURTE, Jacques GUILHAUMOU, Roland KREBS, Georges LAMOINE, Gérard LAUDIN, Daniel LIGOU, Gérard LUCIANI, Henry MÉCHOULAN, Claude NICHAUD, Françoise MICHAUD-FRÉJAVILLE, Sylvette MILLIOT, Jean MONDOT, Alain MONTANDON, François MOUREAU, Philippe ROGER, Martine de ROUGEMONT, Jean SGARD, Gerhardt STENGER, Mineko SUZUKI,
Yves CHASTAGNARET George Sand et la Révolution française 431 François MOUPEAU L'Italie d'Antoine Watteau, ou le rêve de l'artiste 449 Documentation Jean SGARD Regard critique sur l'édition des Œuvres de Prévost. 459 Dominique BOUREL 1986, année Frédéric le Grand 465 Notes de lecture Revues, publications pluridisciplinaires, bibliographies 469 Éditions de textes 483 Histoire 501 Histoire des idées 547 Littérature 564 Arts 578 par Lise ANDRIES, François Azouvi, Michel BARIDON, Jean BLANKOFF, Pierre-André Bois, Jean Boissière, Dominique BOUREL, Denise BRAHIMI, Bernard CHEVIGNARD, Anne-Marie CHOUILLET, Jean-Claude DAVY, Michel DELON, Roland DESNÉ, Marcel DORIGNY, Daniel DROUHE, Jean DUCROCQ, Georges DULAC, Henri DURANTON, Gilles DUVAIL, Jean EHRARD, Robert FAVRE, Béatrice FINK, Dieter GEMBICKI, Gianluigi GOGGI, Robert GRANDEROURTE, Jacques GUILHAUMOU, Roland KREBS, Georges LAMOINE, Gérard LAUDIN, Daniel LIGOU, Gérard LUCIANI, Henry MÉCHOULAN, Claude NICHAUD, Françoise MICHAUD-FRÉJAVILLE, Sylvette MILLIOT, Jean MONDOT, Alain MONTANDON, François MOUREAU, Philippe ROGER, Martine de ROUGEMONT, Jean SGARD, Gerhardt STENGER, Mineko SUZUKI, Jean TERRASSE, Chantal THOMAS, Ann THOMSON, Raymond TROUSSON, Élisabeth WAHL. Index alphabétique des notes de lecture 587 Livres reçus 592 Correspondance Sur le Rousseauisme en France avant 1789 une lettre de Roger BARNY et la réponse de Lise ANDRIES 595 Summaries of the articles in this issue (avec la collaboration d'Ann THOMSON) 597 TARIFFS FOR ADVERTISEMENTS TO APPEAR IN THE N° 21 (1989) OF DIX-HUITIÈME SIÈCLE 4' page de couverture (2 couleurs). 1 600 F Page intérieure (11 x 19 cm) 900 F Demi-page intérieure (11 x 10 cm) 600 F TVA 18,6 en plus Fournir de préférence cliché, ou film, ou typhon. Ordres à adresser, avant le 15 février 1989, à Professeur Roland DESNÉ 23, Quai de Grenelle, 75015 PARIS Tél. LA COMPOSITION, L'IMPRESSION ET LE BROCHAGE DE CET OUVRAGE ONT ÊTÉ RÉALISÉS PAR L'IMPRIMERIE 6 TARDY QUERCY (S.A.) 46001 CAHORS N° d'impression 7810A Dépôt légal juillet 1988 Imprimé en France SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE D'ÉTUDE DU DIX-HUITIÈME SIÈCLE Présidents d'honneur Jean GUÉHENNO, de l'Académie française, Jean FABRE, Yvon BELAVAL. Membres d'honneur Pierre BURGELIN, Jacques CHOUILLET, Suzanne DELORME, Jean EHRARD, Henri GOUHIER, Madeleine FABRE. Bureau (1987 et 1988) Président Jean SGARD. Vice-présidents Simone BALAYÉ, Michel BARIDON, Daniel LIGOU, René POMEAU, Paul