jeanflop/post_ocr_correction2 huggingface dataset:
acceptée le 17 novembre 1992. RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES [1] J. W. KOENIG et D. L. MEYER, Journ. Paleont., 39, 1965, p. 391-397. [2] J. W. KOENIG, Journ. Paleont., 39, 1965, p. 398-413. [3] R. J. PROKOP, Casopis miner. geol., 27, 1982, p. 187-190. [4] R. J. PROKOP et V. PETR, Casopis miner. geol., 36, 1991, p. 131-136. [5] G. K. B. ALBERTI, Senckenberg. Lethaea, 62, 1981, p. 193-204. [6] J. LE MENN, Ann. Soc. géol. Nord, 44, 1974, p. 97-108. [7] L. CLARIOND, Ass. Et. Géol. Médit. occid., 12, 1935, p. 3-10. [8] H. HOLLARD, Notes et Mém. Serv. géol. Maroc, 172, 1963, p. 104-109. [9] J. LE MENN, Mém. Soc. géol. miner. Bretagne, 30, 1985, p. 70-78. [10] J. LE MENN, Geobios M.S., 14, 1992, p. 115-112. [11] W. E. SCHMIDT, Abhandl. Reichst. Bodenf., 182, 1941, p. 35-37. [12] W. GOLDRING, New York St. Mus. Circ., 37, 1954, p. 1-51. J. L. M. Laboratoire de Paléontologie et de Stratigraphie du Paléozoïque, U.F.R. Sciences, B.P. n° 452, 6, avenue Le-Gorgeu, 29275 Brest Cedex, U.R.A.-C.N.R.S. n 1364; S. R. Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, 12, rue Voltaire, 44000 Nantes, U.R.A.-C.N.R.S. n° 1364. Paléontologie/ Paleontology Nouveau genre de Gonorhynchidae du Cénomanien inférieur marin de Hakel (Liban). Implications phylogénétiques Mireille GAYET Résumé — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. du Cénomanien inférieur marin de Hakel au Liban est le seul Gonorhynchiforme présentant un opercule au bord postérieur fortement épineux. Il forme avec Notogoneus (Eocène des U.S.A. et d'Europe) et Gonorhynchus (actuel) un groupe monophylétique dont Charitosomus (Crétacé supérieur, Téthys), à première vue très proche et connu, entre autres, dans le même gisement, représente le groupe-frère plésiomorphe. New genus from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon). Phylogenic implications Abstract — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel in Lebanon, is the only Gonorhynchiform with an opercular whose posterior border is strongly spinous. It belongs with Notogoneus (Eocene from U.S.A. and Europe) and Gonorhynchus (Recent) to a monophyletic group of which Charitosomus, that seems very close to it and which is known, among others, in the same locality, represents the plesiomorphic
(Liban). Implications phylogénétiques Mireille GAYET Résumé — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. du Cénomanien inférieur marin de Hakel au Liban est le seul Gonorhynchiforme présentant un opercule au bord postérieur fortement épineux. Il forme avec Notogoneus (Eocène des U.S.A. et d'Europe) et Gonorhynchus (actuel) un groupe monophylétique dont Charitosomus (Crétacé supérieur, Téthys), à première vue très proche et connu, entre autres, dans le même gisement, représente le groupe-frère plésiomorphe. New genus from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon). Phylogenic implications Abstract — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel in Lebanon, is the only Gonorhynchiform with an opercular whose posterior border is strongly spinous. It belongs with Notogoneus (Eocene from U.S.A. and Europe) and Gonorhynchus (Recent) to a monophyletic group of which Charitosomus, that seems very close to it and which is known, among others, in the same locality, represents the plesiomorphic sister-group. Abridged English Version — The Gonorhynchiformes, placed within the Ostariophysi since 1970 [1] are divided into two sub-orders. In the Gonorhynchoidei are Gonorhynchus (Recent), Notogoneus (Eocene from U.S.A. and Europe) [2], Charitosomus (Lower Cenomanian of Lebanon) [3], Judeichthys (Lower Cenomanian of Israel) [4] and probably the living freshwater taxa from Africa (Kneria, Parakneria, Phractolaemus, Cromeria and Crasseichthys) [5]. In the Chanoidei are Parachanos (Wealdian of Guinea and Gabon) [6], Aethalionopsis (Wealdian of Belgium) [7], Tharrias (Albian of Brazil) [8], Dastilbe (Aptian-Albian of Brazil and Africa) [8], [9], [10]), Rubiesichthys (Berriasian-Valenginian of Spain) [11] and the recent and sub-recent Chanos. Ramallichthys from the Lower Cenomanian of Israel has been considered as incertae sedis within the Ostariophysi [12] and Chanopsis from the Lower Cretaceous of Zaire as Osteoglossiform [13]. The fossil described here is close to Charitosomus, known in the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel and the Santonian of Sahel Alma in Lebanon. However, no species of Gonorhynchiformes has the posterior border of the opercular with spines. Because of this character, a new genus and species are erected: Charitopsis spinosus gen. and sp. nov. from the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon) (Figs. 1-2). The preopercular of Charitopsis has a horizontal branch whose
from Africa (Kneria, Parakneria, Phractolaemus, Cromeria and Crasseichthys) [5]. In the Chanoidei are Parachanos (Wealdian of Guinea and Gabon) [6], Aethalionopsis (Wealdian of Belgium) [7], Tharrias (Albian of Brazil) [8], Dastilbe (Aptian-Albian of Brazil and Africa) [8], [9], [10]), Rubiesichthys (Berriasian-Valenginian of Spain) [11] and the recent and sub-recent Chanos. Ramallichthys from the Lower Cenomanian of Israel has been considered as incertae sedis within the Ostariophysi [12] and Chanopsis from the Lower Cretaceous of Zaire as Osteoglossiform [13]. The fossil described here is close to Charitosomus, known in the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel and the Santonian of Sahel Alma in Lebanon. However, no species of Gonorhynchiformes has the posterior border of the opercular with spines. Because of this character, a new genus and species are erected: Charitopsis spinosus gen. and sp. nov. from the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon) (Figs. 1-2). The preopercular of Charitopsis has a horizontal branch whose length is twice that of the vertical one, and looks like those of Gonorhynchus [14]. The angle between the two branches is about 90°. It differs from the preoperculars of the other Gonorhynchoidei: in Notogoneus the horizontal branch is slightly bigger than the vertical one, as in Judeichthys (Judeichthyidae); in Charitosomus (C. hakelensis) the vertical branch is slightly longer. In Ramallichthys (Ostariophysi incertae sedis) the two branches are sub-equal in length. The preopercular sensory canal runs under a bony margin. No canalicule is visible. The opercular (Figs. 2, 4) is fundamentally different from all the operculars of Gonorhynchiformes. It is triangular-shaped as observed in the Gonorhynchoidei (and not square-shaped as in the Chanoidei). Its posterior border is ornamented with 8 strong spines, the smallest of which is the uppermost one. Above the more ventral (and biggest) spine, the border of the opercular is concave as in Gonorhynchus [14]. The interopercular is small, as in Charitosomus and differs from those of Gonorhynchus [14], Judeichthys [3] or Ramallichthys [11]. Although the proportions of the interopercular of Charitopsis are similar to those of Notogoneus [2], it differs from it because of the lack of incisions. The subopercular is absent in the collection. The
Charitosomus (C. hakelensis) the vertical branch is slightly longer. In Ramallichthys (Ostariophysi incertae sedis) the two branches are sub-equal in length. The preopercular sensory canal runs under a bony margin. No canalicule is visible. The opercular (Figs. 2, 4) is fundamentally different from all the operculars of Gonorhynchiformes. It is triangular-shaped as observed in the Gonorhynchoidei (and not square-shaped as in the Chanoidei). Its posterior border is ornamented with 8 strong spines, the smallest of which is the uppermost one. Above the more ventral (and biggest) spine, the border of the opercular is concave as in Gonorhynchus [14]. The interopercular is small, as in Charitosomus and differs from those of Gonorhynchus [14], Judeichthys [3] or Ramallichthys [11]. Although the proportions of the interopercular of Charitopsis are similar to those of Notogoneus [2], it differs from it because of the lack of incisions. The subopercular is absent in the collection. The mandible of Charitopsis (Figs. 2, 3 A) is different from those of Charitosomus, Judeichthys [3] and Ramallichthys [11], where the dentary comprises 3/4 of the whole. In these genera, the angular is tightly joined to the dentary and is half its height; the coronoid process is very large and mushroom-shaped. In Charitopsis, the dentary is separated from the angular and it is triangular-shaped. The ventral borders of these two bones are strongly concave. The caudal skeleton of Charitopsis is similar to that of Charitosomus with a terminal complex composed of the preural vertebra 1, the ural vertebrae I and 2, the first uroneural and the neural arch of the preural vertebra plus the parhypural and the hypural 2. The phylogeny of the Gonorhynchoidei is as follows (Fig. 5). The family Judeichthyidae (with the genus Judeichthys) is the plesiomorphic sister-group of the Gonorhynchidae including Charitosomus, Charitopsis, Notogoneus and Gonorhynchus as well as the freshwater families of Africa [5]. # CORRECTION ### Les dernières formes européennes s'éteignent dans la base de l'Eifelien alors que les deux taxons identifiés dans la Laurentia se rencontrent dans l'Eifelien (Onondaga Limestones) et dans le Givetien (Hamilton Group). Ces analogies sont-elles limitées à ces quelques cas ou
In Charitopsis, the dentary is separated from the angular and it is triangular-shaped. The ventral borders of these two bones are strongly concave. The caudal skeleton of Charitopsis is similar to that of Charitosomus with a terminal complex composed of the preural vertebra 1, the ural vertebrae I and 2, the first uroneural and the neural arch of the preural vertebra plus the parhypural and the hypural 2. The phylogeny of the Gonorhynchoidei is as follows (Fig. 5). The family Judeichthyidae (with the genus Judeichthys) is the plesiomorphic sister-group of the Gonorhynchidae including Charitosomus, Charitopsis, Notogoneus and Gonorhynchus as well as the freshwater families of Africa [5]. # CORRECTION ### Les dernières formes européennes s'éteignent dans la base de l'Eifelien alors que les deux taxons identifiés dans la Laurentia se rencontrent dans l'Eifelien (Onondaga Limestones) et dans le Givetien (Hamilton Group). Ces analogies sont-elles limitées à ces quelques cas ou s'agit-il d'un phénomène plus général qui régit les relations entre les crinoïdofaunes du Nord-Gondwana, du Sud de la Baltica et de la bordure est de la Laurentia ? Note remise le 26 octobre 1992, acceptée le 17 novembre 1992. RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIGRAPHIQUES [1] J. W. KOENIG et D. L. MEYER, Journ. Paleont., 39, 1965, p. 391-397. [2] J. W. KOENIG, Journ. Paleont., 39, 1965, p. 398-413. [3] R. J. PROKOP, Casopis miner. geol., 27, 1982, p. 187-190. [4] R. J. PROKOP et V. PETR, Casopis miner. geol., 36, 1991, p. 131-136. [5] G. K. B. ALBERTI, Senckenberg. Lethaea, 62, 1981, p. 193-204. [6] J. LE MENN, Ann. Soc. géol. Nord, 44, 1974, p. 97-108. [7] L. CLARIOND, Ass. Et. Géol. Médit. occid., 12, 1935, p. 3-10. [8] H. HOLLARD, Notes et Mém. Serv. géol. Maroc, 172, 1963, p. 104-109. [9] J. LE MENN, Mém. Soc. géol. miner. Bretagne, 30, 1985, p. 70-78. [10] J. LE MENN, Geobios M.S., 14, 1992, p. 115-112. [11] W. E. SCHMIDT, Abhandl. Reichst. Bodenf., 182, 1941, p. 35-37. [12] W. GOLDRING, New York St. Mus. Circ., 37, 1954, p. 1-51. J. L. M. Laboratoire de Paléontologie et de Stratigraphie du Paléozoïque, U.F.R. Sciences, B.P. n° 452,
Paleont., 39, 1965, p. 391-397. [2] J. W. KOENIG, Journ. Paleont., 39, 1965, p. 398-413. [3] R. J. PROKOP, Casopis miner. geol., 27, 1982, p. 187-190. [4] R. J. PROKOP et V. PETR, Casopis miner. geol., 36, 1991, p. 131-136. [5] G. K. B. ALBERTI, Senckenberg. Lethaea, 62, 1981, p. 193-204. [6] J. LE MENN, Ann. Soc. géol. Nord, 44, 1974, p. 97-108. [7] L. CLARIOND, Ass. Et. Géol. Médit. occid., 12, 1935, p. 3-10. [8] H. HOLLARD, Notes et Mém. Serv. géol. Maroc, 172, 1963, p. 104-109. [9] J. LE MENN, Mém. Soc. géol. miner. Bretagne, 30, 1985, p. 70-78. [10] J. LE MENN, Geobios M.S., 14, 1992, p. 115-112. [11] W. E. SCHMIDT, Abhandl. Reichst. Bodenf., 182, 1941, p. 35-37. [12] W. GOLDRING, New York St. Mus. Circ., 37, 1954, p. 1-51. J. L. M. Laboratoire de Paléontologie et de Stratigraphie du Paléozoïque, U.F.R. Sciences, B.P. n° 452, 6, avenue Le-Gorgeu, 29275 Brest Cedex, U.R.A.-C.N.R.S. n 1364; S. R. Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, 12, rue Voltaire, 44000 Nantes, U.R.A.-C.N.R.S. n° 1364. Paléontologie/ Paleontology Nouveau genre de Gonorhynchidae du Cénomanien inférieur marin de Hakel (Liban). Implications phylogénétiques Mireille GAYET Résumé — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. du Cénomanien inférieur marin de Hakel au Liban est le seul Gonorhynchiforme présentant un opercule au bord postérieur fortement épineux. Il forme avec Notogoneus (Eocène des U.S.A. et d'Europe) et Gonorhynchus (actuel) un groupe monophylétique dont Charitosomus (Crétacé supérieur, Téthys), à première vue très proche et connu, entre autres, dans le même gisement, représente le groupe-frère plésiomorphe. New genus from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon). Phylogenic implications Abstract — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel in Lebanon, is the only Gonorhynchiform with an opercular whose posterior border is strongly spinous. It belongs with Notogoneus (Eocene from U.S.A. and Europe) and Gonorhynchus (Recent) to a monophyletic group of which Charitosomus, that seems very close to it and which is known, among others, in the same locality, represents the plesiomorphic sister-group. Abridged English Version — The Gonorhynchiformes, placed within the Ostariophysi since 1970 [1] are divided
marin de Hakel au Liban est le seul Gonorhynchiforme présentant un opercule au bord postérieur fortement épineux. Il forme avec Notogoneus (Eocène des U.S.A. et d'Europe) et Gonorhynchus (actuel) un groupe monophylétique dont Charitosomus (Crétacé supérieur, Téthys), à première vue très proche et connu, entre autres, dans le même gisement, représente le groupe-frère plésiomorphe. New genus from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon). Phylogenic implications Abstract — Charitopsis spinosus nov. gen, nov. sp. from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Hakel in Lebanon, is the only Gonorhynchiform with an opercular whose posterior border is strongly spinous. It belongs with Notogoneus (Eocene from U.S.A. and Europe) and Gonorhynchus (Recent) to a monophyletic group of which Charitosomus, that seems very close to it and which is known, among others, in the same locality, represents the plesiomorphic sister-group. Abridged English Version — The Gonorhynchiformes, placed within the Ostariophysi since 1970 [1] are divided into two sub-orders. In the Gonorhynchoidei are Gonorhynchus (Recent), Notogoneus (Eocene from U.S.A. and Europe) [2], Charitosomus (Lower Cenomanian of Lebanon) [3], Judeichthys (Lower Cenomanian of Israel) [4] and probably the living freshwater taxa from Africa (Kneria, Parakneria, Phractolaemus, Cromeria and Crasseichthys) [5]. In the Chanoidei are Parachanos (Wealdian of Guinea and Gabon) [6], Aethalionopsis (Wealdian of Belgium) [7], Tharrias (Albian of Brazil) [8], Dastilbe (Aptian-Albian of Brazil and Africa) [8], [9], [10]), Rubiesichthys (Berriasian-Valenginian of Spain) [11] and the recent and sub-recent Chanos. Ramallichthys from the Lower Cenomanian of Israel has been considered as incertae sedis within the Ostariophysi [12] and Chanopsis from the Lower Cretaceous of Zaire as Osteoglossiform [13]. The fossil described here is close to Charitosomus, known in the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel and the Santonian of Sahel Alma in Lebanon. However, no species of Gonorhynchiformes has the posterior border of the opercular with spines. Because of this character, a new genus and species are erected: Charitopsis spinosus gen. and sp. nov. from the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon) (Figs. 1-2). The preopercular of Charitopsis has a horizontal branch whose length is twice that of the vertical one, and looks like those of Gonorhynchus [14]. The
Guinea and Gabon) [6], Aethalionopsis (Wealdian of Belgium) [7], Tharrias (Albian of Brazil) [8], Dastilbe (Aptian-Albian of Brazil and Africa) [8], [9], [10]), Rubiesichthys (Berriasian-Valenginian of Spain) [11] and the recent and sub-recent Chanos. Ramallichthys from the Lower Cenomanian of Israel has been considered as incertae sedis within the Ostariophysi [12] and Chanopsis from the Lower Cretaceous of Zaire as Osteoglossiform [13]. The fossil described here is close to Charitosomus, known in the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel and the Santonian of Sahel Alma in Lebanon. However, no species of Gonorhynchiformes has the posterior border of the opercular with spines. Because of this character, a new genus and species are erected: Charitopsis spinosus gen. and sp. nov. from the Lower Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon) (Figs. 1-2). The preopercular of Charitopsis has a horizontal branch whose length is twice that of the vertical one, and looks like those of Gonorhynchus [14]. The angle between the two branches is about 90°. It differs from the preoperculars of the other Gonorhynchoidei: in Notogoneus the horizontal branch is slightly bigger than the vertical one, as in Judeichthys (Judeichthyidae); in Charitosomus (C. hakelensis) the vertical branch is slightly longer. In Ramallichthys (Ostariophysi incertae sedis) the two branches are sub-equal in length. The preopercular sensory canal runs under a bony margin. No canalicule is visible. The opercular (Figs. 2, 4) is fundamentally different from all the operculars of Gonorhynchiformes. It is triangular-shaped as observed in the Gonorhynchoidei (and not square-shaped as in the Chanoidei). Its posterior border is ornamented with 8 strong spines, the smallest of which is the uppermost one. Above the more ventral (and biggest) spine, the border of the opercular is concave as in Gonorhynchus [14]. The interopercular is small, as in Charitosomus and differs from those of Gonorhynchus [14], Judeichthys [3] or Ramallichthys [11]. Although the proportions of the interopercular of Charitopsis are similar to those of Notogoneus [2], it differs from it because of the lack of incisions. The subopercular is absent in the collection. The mandible of Charitopsis (Figs. 2, 3 A) is different from those of Charitosomus, Judeichthys [3] and
branches are sub-equal in length. The preopercular sensory canal runs under a bony margin. No canalicule is visible. The opercular (Figs. 2, 4) is fundamentally different from all the operculars of Gonorhynchiformes. It is triangular-shaped as observed in the Gonorhynchoidei (and not square-shaped as in the Chanoidei). Its posterior border is ornamented with 8 strong spines, the smallest of which is the uppermost one. Above the more ventral (and biggest) spine, the border of the opercular is concave as in Gonorhynchus [14]. The interopercular is small, as in Charitosomus and differs from those of Gonorhynchus [14], Judeichthys [3] or Ramallichthys [11]. Although the proportions of the interopercular of Charitopsis are similar to those of Notogoneus [2], it differs from it because of the lack of incisions. The subopercular is absent in the collection. The mandible of Charitopsis (Figs. 2, 3 A) is different from those of Charitosomus, Judeichthys [3] and Ramallichthys [11], where the dentary comprises 3/4 of the whole. In these genera, the angular is tightly joined to the dentary and is half its height; the coronoid process is very large and mushroom-shaped. In Charitopsis, the dentary is separated from the angular and it is triangular-shaped. The ventral borders of these two bones are strongly concave. The caudal skeleton of Charitopsis is similar to that of Charitosomus with a terminal complex composed of the preural vertebra 1, The Gonorhynchidae share the apomorphic character: fusion of the parhypural and of the hypural 2 to the terminal complex. Charitosomus does not possess the lengthening of the horizontal branch of the preopercular (and/or the shortening of the upper branch) and the separation of the dentary and the angular, characters which are present in the following genera. Charitopsis is characterized by a spiny opercular and does not possess the fusion of all the neural arches to the vertebrae and a mobile palatine in contrast with Notogoneus and Gonorhynchus. Notogoneus, which has lost the entopterygoid teeth and possesses an indented subopercular, does not show the fusion of the parietals and the fusion of the first hypural to the terminal complex as Gonorhynchus does. I.
of these two bones are strongly concave. The caudal skeleton of Charitopsis is similar to that of Charitosomus with a terminal complex composed of the preural vertebra 1, The Gonorhynchidae share the apomorphic character: fusion of the parhypural and of the hypural 2 to the terminal complex. Charitosomus does not possess the lengthening of the horizontal branch of the preopercular (and/or the shortening of the upper branch) and the separation of the dentary and the angular, characters which are present in the following genera. Charitopsis is characterized by a spiny opercular and does not possess the fusion of all the neural arches to the vertebrae and a mobile palatine in contrast with Notogoneus and Gonorhynchus. Notogoneus, which has lost the entopterygoid teeth and possesses an indented subopercular, does not show the fusion of the parietals and the fusion of the first hypural to the terminal complex as Gonorhynchus does. I. INTRODUCTION. — Les Gonorhynchiformes, placés depuis 1970 dans les Ostariophysi [1] se divisent en deux sous-ordres : les Gonorhynchoidei et les Chanoidei. Les Gonorhynchoidei regroupent le genre actuel Gonorhynchus auquel semblent être reliées les formes fossiles Notogoneus (Eocene des U.S.A. et d'Europe [2]), Charitosomus (Cénomanien inférieur du Liban) [3], Judeichthys (Cénomanien inférieur d'Israël) [4] et, d'après Fink et Fink [5], les formes actuelles d'eau douce (Kneria, Parakneria, Phractolaemus, Cromeria et Grasseichthys) très spécialisées. À côté des Gonorhynchoidei, les Chanoidei regroupent les genres Parachanos (Wealdien de Guinée et du Gabon) [6], Aethalionopsis (Wealdien de Belgique) [7], Tharrias (Aptien du Brésil) [8], Dastilbe (Aptien-Albien du Brésil et d'Afrique) ([8], [9], [10]), Rubiesichthys (Berriasien-Valenginien d'Espagne) [11] et Chanos (actuel et sub-actuel). Le genre Ramallichthys du Cénomanien inférieur d'Israël, présentant à la fois des caractères gonorhynchiformes et cypriniformes a été laissé incertae sedis, au sein des Ostariophysi [12] tandis que le genre Chanopsis, du Crétacé inférieur du Zaïre, anciennement placé dans l'ordre des Gonorhynchiformes, est maintenant considéré comme un Ostéoglossiforme [13]. La forme décrite ci-dessous est incontestablement proche du genre Charitosomus connu au Liban dans les gisements du Cénomanien inférieur de Hakel et du Santonien de Sahel Alma. Cependant, quelle que soit l'espèce considérée,