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are reasonably and conveniently related to their general aims or special exhibitions. 3. The growth of industrial civilization has brought with it, on an increasing scale, the disappearance of techniques, social usages, artistic activities, oral traditions and performances, many of which have not yet been studied properly. Wherever first-hand observation of these is still possible, the qualified scientific institutions are invited to put plans into immediate operation for studying them and for collecting the objects which give evidence of them. In regions where specialized museums and other scientific institutions in this field do not yet exist, their creation is all
this field do not yet exist, their creation is all the more necessary and, if the regular resources are insufficient, the appropriate authorities should be asked to take exceptional measures. 4. In the case of highly developed societies or those which are in the process of being industrialized, museums for regional ethnology have a special task in facing the problems of men in machinery, though they should not therefore neglect what is basic in the culture nor encroach upon the domain of museums of science and technology. We call the attention of museums of regional ethnology to the educational possibilities
attention of museums of regional ethnology to the educational possibilities of television programmes for this purpose. The International Commission for Folk Arts and Folklore is requested to urge Unesco and the International Council of Museums, and in general all national and international institutions concerned, to help museums, libraries, archives, and other public depositories to see to it that objects or documents in their collections be turned over to those permanent institutions which can make the most effective use of them. B. Bratanic (Zagreb), R. Christiansen (Oslo), Jorge Dias (Coimbra), Helmut Dolker (Stuttgart), Maartje Draak (Amsterdam); Sigurd Erixon (Stockholm), Oskar Loorits
Dolker (Stuttgart), Maartje Draak (Amsterdam); Sigurd Erixon (Stockholm), Oskar Loorits (Uppsala), P. J. Meertens (Amsterdam), Georges Henri Rivière (Paris), Win. Roukens (Arnhem), Leopold Schmidt (Vienna), Stith Thompson (Bloomington), Niilo Valonen (Helsinki). Rembrandt exhibition in Stockholm A very important Rembrandt exhibition is being held at the National Art Gallery, Stockholm (1) grouping round the Gallery's pictures many treasures from the foremost collections in Europe, notably 17 paintings and 36 drawings from Holland. Forty seven paintings, 130 drawings and over 200 etchings are displayed in four galleries and twelve cabinets. The exhibition is centered around the "Batavians under Claudius Civilis" on loan
is centered around the "Batavians under Claudius Civilis" on loan by the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. The picture has recently been examined according to modern X-ray methods. Thus by means of six 520 mm X-ray films approximately 2 m in length the entire painting was rayed in two exposures (2). Attendance during the first week was approximately 14 000. Lectures are given by Swedish and foreign Rembrandt scholars. REGIONAL INFORMATION AUSTRALIA A.G.M.A. News Bulletin. Pub. by Art Galleries and museums Association of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney. N° 8, March 31, 1955 "The future development of museums in Australia",
March 31, 1955 "The future development of museums in Australia", by A. B. WALKOM The author deplores the lack of adequate modern museum buildings in Australia and expresses the wish that the Commonwealth Government appoint a standing commission on museums. He draws attention to the benefits derived from the inclusion of a Committee on museums in the framework of the Unesco structure in Australia, (3) from circulating exhibitions, and from the extension of museum services to country centres. "The need for taxonomic research", by H. T. CONDON The ornithologist of the South Australian museum regrets that systematics is not taught
the South Australian museum regrets that systematics is not taught in Australian Universities. Museums are the natural centres for taxonomic research but there are few good taxonomists and nothing seems to be done to ensure that material recently collected will be properly studied or decently housed. "Museums and art galleries can they function together?", by W. BRYDEN In some cities there is but one museum building — using the term in its widest sense — often to the detriment of the art gallery while in larger cities the various sections exist as separate entities. The author examines the pros and
exist as separate entities. The author examines the pros and cons of a composite museum and advocates a large building with space for museums and art galleries separate, or with buildings close together in park lands and in close proximity to schools and colleges. "The Curator as exhibitionist", by D. J. TUGBY (Canberra) The opening of the new Ethnological Gallery in the National Museum of Victoria gives rise to a number of considerations on the necessity for a Curator to add to his scientific knowledge and preferences an understanding of the psychological principles of perception so that the exhibit becomes
the psychological principles of perception so that the exhibit becomes a communication medium. "Research in the science museum", by F. R. MORRISON (Sydney) Research together with exhibition and information is one of the main functions of a science museum. Museums of natural history have a wide scope for research, while applied science museums can become a centre of original investigation. An account of the activities of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, Sydney, shows how a museum may become an authority on a particular branch of science because of the interest of its scientific staff and as a result
the interest of its scientific staff and as a result of enthusiastic teamwork. Thus research carried out for over 60 years on the essential oils from Australian native vegetation have had important results in the field of botany, medicine and industry. "The radiocarbon dating method", by C. M. FOCKEN (Melbourne) The author visited those laboratories in the USA and England which are producing the most reliable results by this new scientific method. Scientists on both sides of the Atlantic are independently using almost identical procedures without knowing it since nothing has been published. The Trustees of the Museum of Applied
has been published. The Trustees of the Museum of Applied Science of Victoria have decided that it is most desirable to provide a radiocarbon dating service for Australia and work is being carried out to this effect. "Teaching natural history in W. A. Museum", by A. M. DOUGLAS (Perth) Regular museum classes were first arranged in 1935 at the West Australia Museum, Perth. The teacher in charge is permanently stationed at the Museum but is a member of the Education Department. He is a field naturalist and can always seek advice of a technical nature from the Staff but is
advice of a technical nature from the Staff but is responsible for the programme, which he adapts to the needs of the school curriculums. Classes are held in the Museum four days a week and on Fridays the teacher visits schools that cannot attend classes. Figures for 1953 show that 17 schools made 67 visits which means that 1770 visits were made by 1208 different children. BELGIUM Royal museum of art and history, Brussels The archaeology wing of the Musées royaux d'art et d’histoire which was destroyed by fire in 1946 has not yet been rebuilt. In the meantime certain
1946 has not yet been rebuilt. In the meantime certain collections are displayed temporarily, according to new methods, in other parts of the building. Thus the antiquities of Western Asia occupy a disaffected hall. Doorways have been turned into wall cases, certain fragments are displayed on radiator guards while precious Assyrian reliefs are placed on pedestals against the walls, framed in wood or plaster panels. Efforts have been made to present the object in conditions approaching its primitive state as much as possible; supports are reduced to a minimum, especially in showcases where plexiglass stands leave its full value to
in showcases where plexiglass stands leave its full value to an object; the angle of vision is respected, in view of the size of the hall so that a capital, for instance, is displayed higher and a hearth stone lower than the eye level; finally the original form of fragmentary objects is suggested by reconstituting the missing parts in plexiglass (a better method than somewhat abusive restorations). The study collections and on the whole all the non-exposed pieces are easily accessible in a large study hall. The new Iron Age room is equipped with metal framed panels and showcases made
room is equipped with metal framed panels and showcases made of prefabricated steel plates. The parts are quite easily assembled and allow a variety of combinations. The originality of the disposal is that the showcases form a series of working cabinets; the cases being double faced, the outer face shows the display collections which can be easily reached from the inner cabinet. All the showcases have a plexiglass top with louvres to temper the fluorescent lighting. (From: Archives, bibliothèques et musées de Belgique, Brussels vol. 26, n° 1, 1955). BRAZIL Brazilian National Committee With the aid of the Ministry of
Brazilian National Committee With the aid of the Ministry of Education and Culture and in spite of the distance, the Icom Brazilian National Committee, Chairman M. Rodrigo Mello Franco de Andrade, Diretor do Patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional met in Rio de Janeiro on 8 September, 23 November and 12 December 1955. Moreover members and associate members residing in Rio met early each month. The aim of these meetings is not only to discuss professional matters but to remain in close contact with Icom. The main activity of the Committee in 1955 has been the organisation of the first museums
in 1955 has been the organisation of the first museums association meeting in Brazil which is to be held the last week in July 1956 at Ouro Preto, a museum town in the State of Minas Gerais. There is an important grant in the budget for this meeting. The last week in July has been chosen to avoid having the meeting at the same time as the Icom General Conference in Switzerland (2-9 July). The Icom Brazilian Committee is cooperating with the Unesco National Commission in establishing the Brazilian participation in the International Campaign for museums. CANADA Royal Ontario Museum
in the International Campaign for museums. CANADA Royal Ontario Museum By the terms of the museum's recently amended by-laws, four previously separate constituent museums have become divisions of the reorganised institution. Theodore A. Heinrich is the new director. Hudson's Bay Company Museum The Hudson's Bay Company Historical Museum, Winnipeg, has been renovated and reinstalled. The display theme, Men in the wilderness, shows aborigines of Northern & Western Canada and their adaptation of white man trade goods. (From The Museum News, Washington, vol. 33, n° 12, Dec. 15, 1955). CZECHOSLOVAKIA Educational programme Under the direction of Dr. J. Neustupny, Keeper of
programme Under the direction of Dr. J. Neustupny, Keeper of the Department of prehistory at the National Museum, Prague, a second Seminar on prehistoric studies was organised at the museum in November — December 1955. A critical study of the major works on European prehistory was undertaken while films and the examination of specimens completed the programme. FRANCE Musées et collections publiques de France et de l’Union française. Paris. N.S., n° 5, Oct.-Dec. 1955 "Richesses des musées de France", by M. LACLOTTE Under the auspices of the Inspectorate General of Provincial museums, an exhibition of Primitive Italian masterpieces in French
Provincial museums, an exhibition of Primitive Italian masterpieces in French provincial museums is to be organised this spring, in Paris, at the Orangerie. "Disparition du Musée d'Auguste Perret" The Musées association, in agreement with all French museographers, has rightly issued a strong protest against the affectation for administrative purposes of the building conceived by Auguste Perret to house the museum of Works. The transportation of this museum to an unknown destination is a museographical and financial absurdity. "Les musées et leur rôle éducatif" Quotations, with comments, from three reports drawn up by specialists in different fields but each one concerned
up by specialists in different fields but each one concerned with the educational role of museums (1). (1) Cart, Germaine. Le rôle des musées dans l'éducation (Cahiers de l'Association des Amis du Musée pédagogique, Paris, n° 1, Feb. 1955). Daumas, Maurice. Les enfants et les musées (Vers l'éducation nouvelle, Paris, n° 89, Han.-Févr. 1955). "Preservation des papiers et des peintures contre les moisissures", by P. NOBECOURT & F. BARNOUD (1) Much research has been undertaken to prevent cardboard and wrapping paper from being attacked by mould. It has been found necessary to incorporate fungicides to the pulp or to treat
necessary to incorporate fungicides to the pulp or to treat the paper itself by immersion, flattening, etc. Laboratory methods to test the resistance to mould of paper and cardboard have been suggested and tried out, notably in the United States. In conclusion the authors state that the preservation of books and documents depends not only on the manufacturing conditions of the paper and bindings but also on conditions under which they are placed in libraries and archives. A bibliographical list of thirty books is appended. "Le musée archéologique de Feurs", by A. LASSALLE LICHARD In 1930 a museum had been
by A. LASSALLE LICHARD In 1930 a museum had been opened in the small town of Feurs (Velay) to house the archaeological finds resulting from excavations in the region. Thanks to the aid of a Society of Friends and the competence of the Curator, the museum, an old 17th century building, has been entirely reconditioned, indirect lighting installed and a choice of exhibits displayed to advantage. It is hoped that the museum will be able to take over the wings of the building in order to install a gallery for temporary exhibitions and a lecture hall. "L'éclairage des galeries de
temporary exhibitions and a lecture hall. "L'éclairage des galeries de tableaux et le phénomène de l'éblouissement par reflection", by M. COHU. An engineer's point of view on the disposal of light sources in order to prevent reflection; a study of lighting from above (including laylights), below and the side, whether from incandescent or fluorescent sources. Their relative value is not discussed here. Association news Report on the meeting of the Association held in Montpellier in September. Activities in museums The museum at Drives has opened new rooms for Natural History and Prehistory. The municipal Gallery at Chamonix containing mountain scenes
and Prehistory. The municipal Gallery at Chamonix containing mountain scenes which had been closed since the war has now been reopened. Two new archaeological rooms have been installed in the museum at Foix, Ariège. In May a new historic museum was inaugurated at Grignan and contains souvenirs of Mme de Sévigné and of her time. The museum at Laon has been partially reinstalled and an important bequest of classical archeology is now on display. The museum at Maubeuge is reinstalled after having been destroyed in the first world war. A museum on the history of Toulouse was reopened in June
museum on the history of Toulouse was reopened in June in a Renaissance house, gift of Dr. S. Durand. Four rooms, a gallery and a lecture hall have been installed. Exhibitions: Over thirty museums have organised exhibitions of local, regional or historical interest or displayed travelling exhibitions. GERMANY Deutsches Museum A special issue of the magazine Bayerland is devoted to the Deutsches Museum, the important museum of science and technology in Munich. Two introductory chapters present the museum and its founder, Oskar von Miller. The history of the museum since its foundation in 1903 is related by K. Bassler while
its foundation in 1903 is related by K. Bassler while Dr. Torsten Althin, Director of the Tekniska Museet, Stockholm, evokes the relations between the Deutsches Museum and museums abroad. M. Conzelmann describes the state drawing room and the collection of portraits. The technological exhibits are commented by F. Vollmar and the scientific section (which in this case only includes pure science), by F. Klemm. The new presentation of the latter exhibits is only temporary, or at least incomplete. The museum has had to undertake not only the reconstruction of the badly bombed building but also the reconstitution of its collections.
badly bombed building but also the reconstitution of its collections. The excellent photographs which illustrate the texts give one an idea of the importance of the work which has been carried out. Maltechnik. Technische Mitteilungen für Malerei und Bildpflege. München (From the Summary) vol. 61, H. 1, 1955 "Zur Parkettierungsfrage", by T. BRACHERT (Tübingen): Precautions to be taken when cradling paintings. "Entfernung alter Leinwandfarbschichten von Tafelbildern", by E. DENNINGER (Stuttgart) Cleaning and transfer of ancient panel paintings. vol. 61, n° 2, 1955 "Gemäldeuntersuchung im Infrarot", by G. WEHLTE (Stuttgart) Examination of paintings under infrared rays. "Eine Bildübertragung", by D. von
of paintings under infrared rays. "Eine Bildübertragung", by D. von SCHOLLEY (Stuttgart) Considerations on methods for the transfer of paintings, stressing the importance of transferring the painting on a support of the same nature as that chosen by the artist. vol. 61, H. 4, 1955 "Das Falsche in der Kunst", by E. WISKE (Paris) Reflexions of a restorer after having seen in Paris the exhibition "Fakes in art and history" (Grand Palais, June 1955). "Mikroskopische Querschnitte von Gemäldern", by R. E. STRAUB & S. REES-JONES (London) Illustrated article on the examination under microscope of the paint layers of a picture.
examination under microscope of the paint layers of a picture. GREECE A museum at Samothrace An archaeological museum was inaugurated last July on the site of the ancient town of Samothrace. The different missions which carried out excavations have seen to the clearing and preservation of the ruins for their presentation to the public. The museum itself is a simple construction, three rooms and a courtyard, in harmony with the site. In it are exhibited to advantage the magnificent objects found during the excavations. (From "Archaeology", Archaeological Institute of America, Univ. of Cincinnati, vol. 8, n° 4, Dec. 1955). INDIA
Univ. of Cincinnati, vol. 8, n° 4, Dec. 1955). INDIA Lord Reay Maharashtra industrial Museum, Poona Under the title Museum Education, the Lord Reay Museum publishes the history and achievements of its educational service since its creation in 1947. The service is strongly supported by an active Museum Education Association patronised by the Bombay State Government and subsidized by the Department of Education. Activities are focussed on the study of practical and theoretical agriculture, and the museum is responsible for the organisation of lectures, guided tours, travelling exhibitions to schools, and training colleges. Agricultural films and a circulating library complete
and training colleges. Agricultural films and a circulating library complete the educational equipment at the disposal of lecturers and students. New planetarium An important donation by a citizen of Bombay has enabled the Deccan Education Society to install a planetarium in its new English school at Poona. The "Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium" is no doubt the latest to be installed in Asia (others in India being the one at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh and the one at Pilani, in Rajasthan). (Information received from the Museum Association of India) NORTHERN IRELAND Folk museum for Ulster The Ministry of Finance of The Government
museum for Ulster The Ministry of Finance of The Government of Northern Ireland has undertaken to help in the establishment of a Folk Museum, illustrative of Ulster provincial life of the past and traditional arts and crafts provided sufficient support for the project is forthcoming both from the local authorities and from the general public. With this end in view a booklet with illustrations of country buildings and furniture, farming and fishing implements, domestic utensils and craftsmen's tools has been produced to place before the public the purpose and value of an open air Folk Museum. Once installed the Museum
of an open air Folk Museum. Once installed the Museum should serve both as an educational institution and as a centre where certain ancient handcrafts and early machine processes may Belfast, May 1955. The proposed site lies in the park near Belfast Castle. ITALY Bollettino d'arte, Rome vol. 40, n° 2, Apr.-Giugno, 1955 "Il museo archeologico di Palermo", by J. MARCONI BOVIO Detailed description of the restoration and reinstallation of the archaeological museum at Palermo. The building, a seventeenth century convent badly restored in the nineteenth, was little adapted to museum purposes, and the lighting was bad. The collections are
museum purposes, and the lighting was bad. The collections are now better and systematically displayed. "II museo della via Ostiense", by M. FLORIANI SQUARCIAPINO The museum is installed in St Paul's gate one of the exits from Rome towards Ostia. The collections comprise numerous documents on the history of the Ostian Way and its economic importance in Roman times. The conformation of the building created a number of problems, including that of lighting, which have been satisfactorily solved. "Museo di Feltre", by L. MORTARI The Museo civico di Feltre has now been reopened to the public for a year after
now been reopened to the public for a year after having been completely reorganized. "La Galleria nazionale della Sicilia a Palermo", by G. VIGNI The reinstallation of the national museum of Sicily is continuing steadily. The museum is composed of an archaeological museum, a picture gallery and restoration laboratories. The variety of the numerous collections require the installation of important and flexible reserve series. Electric installations for lighting up the museum at night are under consideration. KENYA The Stoneham Museum, Kitale The expansion of the museum was proceeded with in 1954. Most of the natural history collections have been moved
1954. Most of the natural history collections have been moved to the new block and rearranged, but the museum is still far from having the necessary accommodation for efficiently carrying on its work. The museum was not closed during the expansion and alteration. The total number of visitors recorded was an increase over the preceding years, the percentage being approximately Europeans 44%, Africans 46%. (From the Annual Report 1955, the Stoneham Museum) MEXICO Museum of ceramics On the initiative of the governor of the state of Jalisco and following the advice of Pr. A. Caso of the Mexico Instituto nacional
advice of Pr. A. Caso of the Mexico Instituto nacional indigenista, a regional museum of ceramics has been opened at San Pedro Tlaquepaque (5 miles from the town of Guadalajara). The valley of Atemajac in the South eastern part of the State of Jalisco is inhabited by five groups of peoples who from times which it is not possible to date with precision have always been potters. The extraordinary skill of the potters, the variety of objects and the rich decorations, have always enabled the natives to sell their production, but the development of tourism and imitations of inferior quality