translate English to French: The Federal Court concluded that "actual bias" was not the appropriate standard and that it had been qualified by the Federal Court of Appeal in Hnatiuk v. Canada (Treasury Board), (1994) 170 N.R. 364 (F.C.A.) and Sudbury v. Canada (Attorney General), [2000] F.C.J. No. 1470 (F.C.T.D.)
La Cour fédérale a conclu que la « partialité effective » n'est pas la norme appropriée, comme l'a confirmé la Cour d'appel fédérale dans Hnatiuk c. Canada (Conseil du Trésor), (1994) 170 N.R. 364 (C.A.F.) et Sudbury c.