translate English to French: The United Kingdom was effectively the first country to set up a gold standard in 1816, the exchange rate of pounds into gold having been determined in 1717 at 3.811 pounds sterling per ounce by Sir Isaac Newton himself.
En raison des troubles économiques provoqués par la guerre, certains dirigeants, tels que les rois de Suède, se m i re n t à p r é f é re r l e p ap i e r- m o n n a i e . I l f u t ultérieurement introduit par la Banque d’Angleterre,