"THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023","Comparative Table of IPC and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023",Unnamed: 1,Unnamed: 2,Unnamed: 3,Unnamed: 4,Unnamed: 5,Unnamed: 6,Unnamed: 7,Unnamed: 8,Unnamed: 9 —————,,,,,,,,,, ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES,,,,,,,,,, —————,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER IP,,,,,,,,,, RELIMINARY,,,,,,,,,, CLAUSES,,,,,,,,,, "1. Short title, commencement and application.",,,,,,,,,, 2. Definitions.,,,,,,,,,, 3. General Explanations and expressions.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER II,,,,,,,,,, OF PUNISHMENTS,,,,,,,,,, 4. Punishments.,,,,,,,,,, 5. Commutation of sentence of death or imprisonment for life.,,,,,,,,,, 6. Fractions of terms of punishment.7. Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or,,,,,,,,,, simple.,,,,,,,,,, "8. Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.9. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.",,,,,,,,,, "10. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it",,,,,,,,,, is doubtful of which.,,,,,,,,,, 11. Solitary confinement.12. Limit of solitary confinement.13. Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER III,,,,,,,,,, G,,,,,,,,,, ENERAL EXCEPTIONS,,,,,,,,,, "14. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.15. Act of Judge when acting judicially.",,,,,,,,,, 16. Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court.,,,,,,,,,, "17. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by",,,,,,,,,, law.,,,,,,,,,, "18. Accident in doing a lawful act.19. Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other",,,,,,,,,, harm.,,,,,,,,,, 20. Act of a child under seven years of age.,,,,,,,,,, 21. Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding.,,,,,,,,,, 22. Act of a person of mental illness.23. Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his,,,,,,,,,, will.AS INTRODUCED IN LOK SABHA,,,,,,,,,, Bill No. 121 of 2023(ii),,,,,,,,,, 24. Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is,,,,,,,,,, intoxicated.,,,,,,,,,, "25. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done",,,,,,,,,, by consent.,,,,,,,,,, "26. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s",,,,,,,,,, benefit.,,,,,,,,,, "27. Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person with mental illness, by or by",,,,,,,,,, consent of guardian.,,,,,,,,,, 28. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.29. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.30. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.31. Communication made in good faith.,,,,,,,,,, 32. Act to which a person compelled by threats.,,,,,,,,,, 33. Act causing slight harm.,,,,,,,,,, Of the Right of Private Defence,,,,,,,,,, "34. Things done in private defence.35. Right of private defence of the body and of property.36. Right of private defence against the act of a person with mental illness, etc.37. Acts against which there is no right of private defence.",,,,,,,,,, 38. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death.,,,,,,,,,, 39. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.40. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body.41. When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death.42. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.,,,,,,,,,, 43. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property.,,,,,,,,,, 44. Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent,,,,,,,,,, person.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER IV,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, "F ABETMENT , CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPT",,,,,,,,,, Of Abetment,,,,,,,,,, 45. Abetment of a thing.46. Abettor.47. Abetment in India of offences outside India.48. Abetment outside India for offence in India.,,,,,,,,,, 49. Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where,,,,,,,,,, no express provision is made for its punishment.,,,,,,,,,, 50. Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from,,,,,,,,,, that of abettor.,,,,,,,,,, 51. Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.52. Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.C,,,,,,,,,, LAUSES(iii),,,,,,,,,, 53. Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended,,,,,,,,,, by the abettor.,,,,,,,,,, 54. Abettor present when offence is committed.,,,,,,,,,, 55. Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.,,,,,,,,,, 56. Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.57. Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons.58. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for,,,,,,,,,, life.,,,,,,,,,, 59. Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.60. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.,,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal Conspiracy,,,,,,,,,, 61. Criminal conspiracy.,,,,,,,,,, Of Attempt,,,,,,,,,, 62. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for,,,,,,,,,, life or other imprisonment.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER V,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES AGAINST W OMAN AND CHILDREN,,,,,,,,,, Of Sexual offences,,,,,,,,,, 63. Rape.64. Punishment for rape.65. Punishment for rape in certain cases.,,,,,,,,,, 66. Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.,,,,,,,,,, 67. Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation or by a person in,,,,,,,,,, authority.,,,,,,,,,, 68. Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.69. Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means etc.70. Gang rape.71. Punishment for repeat offenders.,,,,,,,,,, "72. Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Of criminal force and assault against women,,,,,,,,,, 73. Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.,,,,,,,,,, 74. Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment.75. Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.,,,,,,,,,, 76. Voyeurism.,,,,,,,,,, "77. Stalking.78. Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.",,,,,,,,,, Of offences relating to marriage,,,,,,,,,, 79. Dowry death.,,,,,,,,,, 80. Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage.C,,,,,,,,,, LAUSES(iv),,,,,,,,,, 81. Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.,,,,,,,,,, "82. Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.83. Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.84. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.85. Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "Of the causing of miscarriage, etc.",,,,,,,,,, 86. Causing miscarriage.87. Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.88. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.89. Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth.90. Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.,,,,,,,,,, Of offences against children,,,,,,,,,, "91. Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having",,,,,,,,,, care of it.,,,,,,,,,, "92. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.93. Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.94. Procuration of child.",,,,,,,,,, 95. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person.,,,,,,,,,, "96. Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.97. Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER VI,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES AFFECTING THE H UMAN BODY,,,,,,,,,, Of offences affecting life,,,,,,,,,, 98. Culpable homicide.99. Murder.100.Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was,,,,,,,,,, intended.,,,,,,,,,, 101.Punishment for murder.,,,,,,,,,, 102.Punishment for murder by life-convict.,,,,,,,,,, 103.Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.,,,,,,,,,, 104.Causing death by negligence.,,,,,,,,,, 105.Abetment of suicide of child or person with mental illness .,,,,,,,,,, 106. Abetment of suicide.,,,,,,,,,, 107. Attempt to murder.,,,,,,,,,, 108. Attempt to commit culpable homicide.,,,,,,,,,, 109. Organised crime.C,,,,,,,,,, LAUSES(v),,,,,,,,,, 110. Petty organised crime or organised in general.,,,,,,,,,, 111. Offence of terrorist act.,,,,,,,,,, Of hurt,,,,,,,,,, 112. Hurt.,,,,,,,,,, 113. V oluntarily causing hurt.,,,,,,,,,, 114. Grievous hurt.,,,,,,,,,, 115. V oluntarily causing grievous hurt.,,,,,,,,,, 116. V oluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.,,,,,,,,,, "117. V oluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an",,,,,,,,,, illegal to an act.,,,,,,,,,, "118. V oluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel",,,,,,,,,, restoration of property.,,,,,,,,,, 119. V oluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.,,,,,,,,,, 120. V oluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation .,,,,,,,,,, "121. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.",,,,,,,,,, "122. V oluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.",,,,,,,,,, 123. Act endangering life or personal safety of others.,,,,,,,,,, 124. W rongful restraint.,,,,,,,,,, 125. W rongful confinement.,,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal Force and Assault,,,,,,,,,, 126. Force.,,,,,,,,,, 127. Criminal force.,,,,,,,,,, 128. Assault.,,,,,,,,,, 129. Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.,,,,,,,,,, 130. Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.,,,,,,,,,, "131. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonor person, otherwise than on grave",,,,,,,,,, provocation.,,,,,,,,,, 132. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.,,,,,,,,,, 133. Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person.,,,,,,,,,, 134. Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.,,,,,,,,,, "Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour",,,,,,,,,, 135. Kidnapping.,,,,,,,,,, 136. Abduction.,,,,,,,,,, 137. Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.,,,,,,,,,, 138. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom etc.,,,,,,,,,, 139. Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.,,,,,,,,,, "140. W rongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person .",,,,,,,,,, 141. Trafficking of person.,,,,,,,,,, 142. Exploitation of a trafficked person .CLAUSES(vi),,,,,,,,,, 143. Habitual dealing in slaves.,,,,,,,,,, 144. Unlawful compulsory labour.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER VII,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE,,,,,,,,,, "145. W aging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the",,,,,,,,,, Government of India.,,,,,,,,,, 146. Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 145.,,,,,,,,,, "147. Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of",,,,,,,,,, India.,,,,,,,,,, 148. Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.,,,,,,,,,, "149. Assaulting President, Governor, etc ., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise",,,,,,,,,, of any lawful power.,,,,,,,,,, 150. Acts endangering sovereignty unity and integrity of India.,,,,,,,,,, 151. Waging war against Gov ernment of any foreign State at peace with the Government,,,,,,,,,, of India.,,,,,,,,,, 152. Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with the Government,,,,,,,,,, of India.,,,,,,,,,, 153. Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and,,,,,,,,,, 154.,,,,,,,,,, 154. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of state or war to escape.,,,,,,,,,, 155. Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.,,,,,,,,,, "156. Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER VIII,,,,,,,,,, "OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY, N AV Y AND AIR FORCE",,,,,,,,,, "157. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.",,,,,,,,,, "158. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "159. Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in",,,,,,,,,, execution of his office.,,,,,,,,,, "160. Abetment of such assault, if the assault committed.",,,,,,,,,, "161. Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.",,,,,,,,,, 162. Harbouring deserter.,,,,,,,,,, 163. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.,,,,,,,,,, "164. Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.",,,,,,,,,, 165. Persons subject to certain Acts.,,,,,,,,,, "166. W earing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER IX,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS,,,,,,,,,, "167. Candidate, electoral right defined.",,,,,,,,,, 168. Bribery.,,,,,,,,,, 169. Undue influence at elections.CLAUSES(vii),,,,,,,,,, 170. Personation at elections.,,,,,,,,,, 171. Punishment for bribery.,,,,,,,,,, 172. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.,,,,,,,,,, 173. False statement in connection with an election.,,,,,,,,,, 174. Illegal payments in connection with an election.,,,,,,,,,, 175. Failure to keep election accounts.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER X,,,,,,,,,, "OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY NOTES, BANK NOTES, AND",,,,,,,,,, GOVERNMENT STAMPS,,,,,,,,,, "176. Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.",,,,,,,,,, "177. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes",,,,,,,,,, or bank notes.,,,,,,,,,, "178. Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or",,,,,,,,,, bank-notes.,,,,,,,,,, "179. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin,",,,,,,,,,, "Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes.",,,,,,,,,, 180. Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.,,,,,,,,,, "181. Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from",,,,,,,,,, "document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.",,,,,,,,,, 182. Using Government stamp known to have been before used.,,,,,,,,,, 183. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.,,,,,,,,,, 184. Prohibition of fictitious stamps.,,,,,,,,,, 185. Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition,,,,,,,,,, from that fixed by law.,,,,,,,,,, 186. Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XI,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY,,,,,,,,,, 187. Unlawful assembly.,,,,,,,,,, 188. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of,,,,,,,,,, common object.,,,,,,,,,, 189. Rioting.,,,,,,,,,, 190. W antonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot- if rioting be committed; if,,,,,,,,,, not committed.,,,,,,,,,, "191. Liability of owner, occupier etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot",,,,,,,,,, takes place.,,,,,,,,,, 192. Af fray.,,,,,,,,,, "193. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "194. Promoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of",,,,,,,,,, "birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance ofharmony.",,,,,,,,,, "195. Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.C",,,,,,,,,, LAUSES(viii),,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XII,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES BY OR RELA TING TO PUBLIC SERV ANTS,,,,,,,,,, CLAUSES,,,,,,,,,, "196. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.",,,,,,,,,, 197. Public servant disobeying direction under law.,,,,,,,,,, 198. Punishment for non-treatment of victim.,,,,,,,,,, 199. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.,,,,,,,,,, 200. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.,,,,,,,,,, 201. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.,,,,,,,,,, 202. Personating a public servant .,,,,,,,,,, 203. W earing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XIII,,,,,,,,,, OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERV ANTS,,,,,,,,,, 204. Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.,,,,,,,,,, "205. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication",,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, 206. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 207. Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act __ of 2023.,,,,,,,,,, 208. Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to,,,,,,,,,, produce it.,,,,,,,,,, 209. Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound,,,,,,,,,, to give it .,,,,,,,,,, 210. Furnishing false information.,,,,,,,,,, 211. Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.,,,,,,,,,, 212. Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.,,,,,,,,,, 213. Refusing to sign statement.,,,,,,,,,, 214. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to,,,,,,,,,, administer an oath or affirmation.,,,,,,,,,, "215. False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to",,,,,,,,,, the injury of another person .,,,,,,,,,, 216. Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 217. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 218. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 219. Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.,,,,,,,,,, 220. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.,,,,,,,,,, 221. Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 222. Threat of injury to public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 223. Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public,,,,,,,,,, servant.,,,,,,,,,, 224. Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restraint exercise of lawful power.(ix),,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XIV,,,,,,,,,, OF FALSE EVIDENCEAND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE,,,,,,,,,, CLAUSES,,,,,,,,,, 225. Giving false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 226. Fabricating false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 227. Punishment for false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 228. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital,,,,,,,,,, offence.,,,,,,,,,, 229. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence,,,,,,,,,, punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.,,,,,,,,,, 230. Threatening any person to give false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 231. Using evidence known to be false.,,,,,,,,,, 232. Issuing or signing false certificate.,,,,,,,,,, 233. Using as true a certificate known to be false.,,,,,,,,,, 234. False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 235. Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.,,,,,,,,,, "236. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to",,,,,,,,,, screen offender.,,,,,,,,,, 237. Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform .,,,,,,,,,, 238. Giving false information respecting an offence committed.,,,,,,,,,, 239. Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 240. False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.,,,,,,,,,, 241. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited,,,,,,,,,, or in execution.,,,,,,,,,, 242. Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.,,,,,,,,,, 243. Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.,,,,,,,,,, 244. Dishonestly making false claim in Court.,,,,,,,,,, 245. Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.,,,,,,,,,, 246. False charge of offence made with intent to injure.,,,,,,,,,, 247. Harbouring offender.,,,,,,,,,, "248. T aking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.",,,,,,,,,, 249. Of fering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.,,,,,,,,,, "250. T aking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.",,,,,,,,,, 251. Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has,,,,,,,,,, been ordered.,,,,,,,,,, 252. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.,,,,,,,,,, 253. Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from,,,,,,,,,, punishment or property from forfeiture.,,,,,,,,,, 254. Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from,,,,,,,,,, punishment or property from forfeiture.(x),,,,,,,,,, "255. Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.",,,,,,,,,, 256. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that,,,,,,,,,, he is acting contrary to law.,,,,,,,,,, 257. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to,,,,,,,,,, apprehend.,,,,,,,,,, 258. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to,,,,,,,,,, apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.,,,,,,,,,, 259. Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.,,,,,,,,,, 260. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.,,,,,,,,,, 261. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.,,,,,,,,,, "262. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in",,,,,,,,,, "cases not otherwise, provided for.",,,,,,,,,, 263. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not,,,,,,,,,, otherwise provided for.,,,,,,,,,, 264. V iolation of condition of remission of punishment.,,,,,,,,,, 265. Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.,,,,,,,,,, 266. Personation of an assessor.,,,,,,,,,, 267. Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in court.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XV,,,,,,,,,, "OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH , SAFETY , CONVENIENCE ,",,,,,,,,,, DECENCY AND M ORALS,,,,,,,,,, 268. Public nuisance.,,,,,,,,,, 269. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.,,,,,,,,,, 270. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.,,,,,,,,,, 271. Disobedience to quarantine rule.,,,,,,,,,, 272. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.,,,,,,,,,, 273. Sale of noxious food or drink.,,,,,,,,,, 274. Adulteration of drugs.,,,,,,,,,, 275. Sale of a dulterated drugs.,,,,,,,,,, 276. Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.,,,,,,,,,, 277. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.,,,,,,,,,, 278. Making atmosphere noxious to health.,,,,,,,,,, 279. Rash driving or riding on a public way.,,,,,,,,,, 280. Rash navigation of vessel.,,,,,,,,,, "281. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.",,,,,,,,,, 282. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.,,,,,,,,,, 283. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.,,,,,,,,,, 284. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.CLAUSES(xi),,,,,,,,,, 285. Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.,,,,,,,,,, 286. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.,,,,,,,,,, 287. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.,,,,,,,,,, "288. Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings",,,,,,,,,, etc.,,,,,,,,,, 289. Negligent conduct with respect to animal.,,,,,,,,,, 290. Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.,,,,,,,,,, 291. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.,,,,,,,,,, "292. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child .",,,,,,,,,, 294. Obscene acts and songs.,,,,,,,,,, 295. Keeping lottery office.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XVI,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION,,,,,,,,,, "296. Injuring or defiling place of worship, with intent to insult the religion of any class.",,,,,,,,,, "297. Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class",,,,,,,,,, by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.,,,,,,,,,, 298. Disturbing religious assembly.,,,,,,,,,, "299. Trespassing on burial places, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "300. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XVII,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY,,,,,,,,,, 301. Theft.,,,,,,,,,, 302. Snatching.,,,,,,,,,, "303. Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.",,,,,,,,,, 304. Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.,,,,,,,,,, "305. Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the",,,,,,,,,, committing of theft.,,,,,,,,,, Of extortion,,,,,,,,,, 306. Extortion.,,,,,,,,,, Of Robbery and Dacoity,,,,,,,,,, 307. Robbery.,,,,,,,,,, 308. Dacoity.,,,,,,,,,, "309. Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.",,,,,,,,,, 310. Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.,,,,,,,,,, "311. Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, dacoits, etc.CLAUSES(xii)",,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal Misappropriation of Property,,,,,,,,,, CLAUSES,,,,,,,,,, 312. Dishonest misappropriation of property.,,,,,,,,,, 313. Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the,,,,,,,,,, time of his death.,,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal Breach of Trust,,,,,,,,,, 314. Criminal breach of trust.,,,,,,,,,, Of the Receiving of Stolen Property,,,,,,,,,, 315. S tolen property.,,,,,,,,,, Of Cheating,,,,,,,,,, 316. Cheating.,,,,,,,,,, 317. Cheating by personation.,,,,,,,,,, Of Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property,,,,,,,,,, 318. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution,,,,,,,,,, among creditors.,,,,,,,,,, 319. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.,,,,,,,,,, 320. Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement,,,,,,,,,, of consideration.,,,,,,,,,, 321. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.,,,,,,,,,, Of Mischief,,,,,,,,,, 322. Mischief.,,,,,,,,,, 323. Mischief by killing or maiming animal.,,,,,,,,,, "324. Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "325. Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one",,,,,,,,,, of twenty tons burden.,,,,,,,,,, 326. Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to,,,,,,,,,, "commit theft, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal Trespass,,,,,,,,,, 327. Criminal trespass and house-trespass.,,,,,,,,,, 328. House-trespass and house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, 329. Punishment for house-trespass or house breaking .,,,,,,,,,, 330. House-trespass in order to commit offence.,,,,,,,,,, "331. House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.",,,,,,,,,, 332. Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XVIII,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY M ARKS,,,,,,,,,, 333. Making a false document.,,,,,,,,,, 334. For gery.(xiii),,,,,,,,,, "335. For gery of record of Court or of public register, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "336. For gery of valuable security, will, etc .",,,,,,,,,, "337. Having possession of document described in section 335 or 336, knowing it to be",,,,,,,,,, forged and intending to use it as genuine.,,,,,,,,,, 338. Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.,,,,,,,,,, "339. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc ., with intent to commit forgery",,,,,,,,,, punishable under section 336.,,,,,,,,,, 340. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in,,,,,,,,,, "section 336, or possessing counterfeit marked material .",,,,,,,,,, "341. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc. , of will, authority to adopt, or valuable",,,,,,,,,, security.,,,,,,,,,, 342. Falsification of accounts.,,,,,,,,,, Of Property Marks,,,,,,,,,, 343. Property mark.,,,,,,,,,, 344. T ampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.,,,,,,,,,, 345. Counterfeiting a property mark.,,,,,,,,,, 346. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.,,,,,,,,,, 347. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.,,,,,,,,,, 348. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods .,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XIX,,,,,,,,,, "OF CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION , INSULT , A NNOYANCE , D EFAMATION , ETC.",,,,,,,,,, 349. Criminal intimidation.,,,,,,,,,, 350. Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.,,,,,,,,,, 351. Statements conducing to public mischief.,,,,,,,,,, 352. Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the,,,,,,,,,, Divine displeasure.,,,,,,,,,, 353. Misconduct in public by a drunken person.,,,,,,,,,, Of Defamation,,,,,,,,,, 354. Defamation.,,,,,,,,,, Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.355. Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.,,,,,,,,,, 356. Repeal and savings.C,,,,,,,,,, LAUSES1,,,,,,,,,, "THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023",,,,,,,,,, A,,,,,,,,,, BILL,,,,,,,,,, to consolidate and amend the provisions relating to offences and for matters connected,,,,,,,,,, therewith or incidental thereto.,,,,,,,,,, BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventy-fourth Year of the Republic of India as,,,,,,,,,, follows:––,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER I,,,,,,,,,, PRELIMINARY,,,,,,,,,, "1. (1) This Act may be called the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification",,,,,,,,,, "in the Official Gazette, appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different provisionsof the Sanhita.Short title,commencementandapplication.AS INTRODUCED IN LOK SABHA",,,,,,,,,, Bill No. 121 of 2023,,,,,,,,,, 52,,,,,,,,,, (3) Every person shall be liable to punishment under this Sanhita and not otherwise for,,,,,,,,,, "every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty withinIndia.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) Any person liable, by any law for the time being in force in India, to be tried for an",,,,,,,,,, offence committed beyond India shall be dealt with according to the provisions of thisSanhita for any act committed beyond India in the same manner as if such act had beencommitted within India.,,,,,,,,,, (5) The provisions of this Sanhita apply also to any offence committed by—,,,,,,,,,, (a) any citizen of India in any place without and beyond India;,,,,,,,,,, (b) any person on any ship or aircraft registered in India wherever it may be;,,,,,,,,,, (c) any person in any place without and beyond India committing offence targeting,,,,,,,,,, a computer resource located in India.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— In this section the word “offence” includes every act committed outside,,,,,,,,,, "India which, if committed in India, would be punishable under this Sanhita.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, who is a citizen of India, commits a murder in any place without and beyond India,",,,,,,,,,, he can be tried and convicted of murder in any place in India in which he may be found.,,,,,,,,,, (6) Nothing in this Sanhita shall affect the provisions of any Act for punishing mutiny,,,,,,,,,, "and desertion of officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen in the service of the Government of Indiaor the provisions of any special or local law.",,,,,,,,,, "2. In this Sanhita unless the context otherwise requires,––",,,,,,,,,, (1) “act” as well a series of acts as a single act;,,,,,,,,,, "(2) “animal” means any living creature, other than a human being;",,,,,,,,,, (3) “counterfeit”.––A person is said to “counterfeit” who causes one thing to,,,,,,,,,, "resemble another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practice deception,or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be proctised.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—It is not essential to counterfeiting that the imitation should be exact.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—When a person causes one thing to resemble another thing, and the",,,,,,,,,, "resemblance is such that a person might be deceived thereby, it shall be presumed, until thecontrary is proved, that the person so causing the one thing to resemble the other thingintended by means of that resemblance to practise deception or knew it to be likely thatdeception would thereby be practised;",,,,,,,,,, "(4) “Court” means a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a",,,,,,,,,, "body of Judges, which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body, when suchJudge or body of Judges is acting judicially;",,,,,,,,,, (5) “death” means the death of a human being unless the contrary appears from,,,,,,,,,, the context;,,,,,,,,,, (6) “dishonestly” means doing of an act with the intention of causing wrongful,,,,,,,,,, gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person;,,,,,,,,,, (7) “document” means any matter expressed or described upon any substance,,,,,,,,,, "by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended tobe used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—It is immaterial by what means or upon what substance the letters,",,,,,,,,,, "figures or marks are formed, or whether the evidence is intended for, or may be used in aCourt or not.Definitions.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 453,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A writing expressing the terms of a contract, which may be used as evidence",,,,,,,,,, "of the contract, is a document.",,,,,,,,,, (b) A cheque upon a banker is a document.,,,,,,,,,, (c) A power-of-attorney is a document.,,,,,,,,,, (d) A Map or plan which is intended to be used or which may be used as,,,,,,,,,, "evidence, is a document.",,,,,,,,,, (e) A writing containing directions or instructions is a document.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—Whatever is expressed by means of letters, figures or marks as",,,,,,,,,, "explained by mercantile or other usage, shall be deemed to be expressed by suchletters, figures or marks within the meaning of this section, although the same may notbe actually expressed.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange payable to his order. The,,,,,,,,,, "meaning of the endorsement, as explained by mercantile usage, is that the bill is to bepaid to the holder. The endorsement is a document, and shall be construed in the samemanner as if the words “pay to the holder” or words to that effect had been writtenover the signature.",,,,,,,,,, (8) “fraudulently”.—A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that,,,,,,,,,, thing with intent to defraud but not otherwise.,,,,,,,,,, "(9) “gender”.—the pronoun “he” and its derivatives are used of any person,",,,,,,,,,, "whether male, female or transgender.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation .–– “transgender” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause,,,,,,,,,, "(k) of section 2 of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019;",,,,,,,,,, (10) “good faith”.—Nothing is said to be done or believed in “good faith”,,,,,,,,,, which is done or believed without due care and attention;,,,,,,,,,, (11) “Government” means the Central Government or a State Government;,,,,,,,,,, "(12) “harbour”.—except as otherwise provided in this Sanhita, includes the",,,,,,,,,, "supplying a person with shelter, food, drink, money, clothes, arms, ammunition ormeans of conveyance, or the assisting a person by any means, whether of the samekind as those enumerated in this section or not, to evade apprehension;",,,,,,,,,, "(13) “injury” means any harm whatever illegally caused to any person, in body,",,,,,,,,,, "mind, reputation or property;",,,,,,,,,, (14) “illegal”- “legally bound to do”. —The word “illegal” is applicable to,,,,,,,,,, "everything which is an offence or which is prohibited by law, or which furnishesground for a civil action; and a person is said to be “legally bound to do” whatever itis illegal in him to omit;",,,,,,,,,, (15) “Judge” means a person who is officially designated as a Judge and includes,,,,,,,,,, "a person,––",,,,,,,,,, "(i) who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or",,,,,,,,,, "criminal, a definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against,would be definitive, or a judgment which, if confirmed by some other authority,would be definitive; or",,,,,,,,,, "(ii) who is one of a body or persons, which body of persons is empowered",,,,,,,,,, by law to give such a judgment.40 of 2019.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 454,,,,,,,,,, llustration.,,,,,,,,,, A Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has,,,,,,,,,, "power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a Judge;",,,,,,,,,, "(16) “life” means the life of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the",,,,,,,,,, context;,,,,,,,,,, (17) “local law” means a law applicable only to a particular part of India;,,,,,,,,,, (18) “man” means male human being of any age;,,,,,,,,,, (19) “mental illness” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause ( a) of,,,,,,,,,, "section 2 of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017;",,,,,,,,,, (20) “month” and “year”.––Wherever the word “month” or the word “year” is,,,,,,,,,, "used, it is to be understood that the month or the year is to be reckoned according tothe Gregorian calendar;",,,,,,,,,, "(21) “movable property” includes property of every description, except land",,,,,,,,,, and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything which is attachedto the earth;,,,,,,,,,, "(22) “number”. —Unless the contrary appears from the context, words importing",,,,,,,,,, "the singular number include the plural number, and words importing the plural numberinclude the singular number;",,,,,,,,,, "(23) “oath” includes a solemn affirmation substituted by law for an oath, and",,,,,,,,,, "any declaration required or authorised by law to be made before a public servant or tobe used for the purpose of proof, whether in a Court or not;",,,,,,,,,, (24) “offence”.—Except in the Chapters and sections mentioned in sub-clauses,,,,,,,,,, "(a) and ( b) the word “offence” means an act made punishable by this Sanhita, but––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) in Chapter III and in the following sections, namely, sub-sections ( 2),",,,,,,,,,, "(3), (4) and ( 5) of section 8, sections 10, 46, 47, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 61, 113,",,,,,,,,,, "114, 117, sub-sections ( 7) and ( 8) of section 125, 217, 224, 225, 234, 242, 244,",,,,,,,,,, "245, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, sub-sections ( 6) and ( 7) of section 306 and clause",,,,,,,,,, "(b) of section 324, the word “offence” means a thing punishable under this",,,,,,,,,, "Sanhita, or under any special law or local law; and",,,,,,,,,, "(b) in sections 183, 205, 206, 232, 233, 243, 247 and 323 the word “offence”",,,,,,,,,, "shall have the same meaning when the act punishable under the special law orlocal law is punishable under such law with imprisonment for a term of six monthsor more, whether with or without fine;",,,,,,,,,, (25) “omission” means sigle ommission as well as a series of omissions;,,,,,,,,,, "(26) “person” includes any company or association or body of persons, whether",,,,,,,,,, incorporated or not;,,,,,,,,,, (27) “public” includes any class of the public or any community;,,,,,,,,,, "(28) “public servant” means a person falling under any of the descriptions,",,,,,,,,,, namely: —,,,,,,,,,, "(a) every commissioned officer in the Army, Navy or Air Force;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) every Judge including any person empowered by law to discharge,",,,,,,,,,, "whether by himself or as a member of any body of persons, any adjudicatoryfunctions;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) every officer including a liquidator, receiver or commissioner whose",,,,,,,,,, "duty it is, as such officer, to investigate or report on any matter of law or fact, orto make, authenticate, or keep any document, or to take charge or dispose of any10 of 2017.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 455,,,,,,,,,, "property, or to execute any judicial process, or to administer any oath, or to",,,,,,,,,, "interpret, or to preserve order in the Court, and every person specially authorisedto perform any of such duties;",,,,,,,,,, (d) every assessor or member of a panchayat assisting a Court or public,,,,,,,,,, servant;,,,,,,,,,, (e) every arbitrator or other person to whom any cause or matter has been,,,,,,,,,, "referred for decision or report by any Court, or by any other competent publicauthority;",,,,,,,,,, (f) every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered,,,,,,,,,, to place or keep any person in confinement;,,,,,,,,,, "(g) every officer of the Government whose duty it is, as such officer, to",,,,,,,,,, "prevent offences, to give information of offences, to bring offenders to justice,or to protect the public health, safety or convenience;",,,,,,,,,, "(h) every officer whose duty it is as such officer, to take, receive, keep or",,,,,,,,,, "expend any property on behalf of the Government, or to make any survey,assessment or contract on behalf of the Government, or to execute any revenue-process, or to investigate, or to report, on any matter affecting the pecuniaryinterests of the Government, or to make, authenticate or keep any documentrelating to the pecuniary interests of the Government, or to prevent the infractionof any law for the protection of the pecuniary interests of the Government;",,,,,,,,,, "(i) every officer whose duty it is, as such officer, to take, receive, keep or",,,,,,,,,, "expend any property, to make any survey or assessment or to levy any rate or taxfor any secular common purpose of any village, town or district, or to make,authenticate or keep any document for the ascertaining of the rights of thepeople of any village, town or district;",,,,,,,,,, (j) every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered,,,,,,,,,, "to prepare, publish, maintain or revise an electoral roll or to conduct an electionor part of an election;",,,,,,,,,, (k) every person—,,,,,,,,,, (i) in the service or pay of the Government or remunerated by fees or,,,,,,,,,, commission for the performance of any public duty by the Government;,,,,,,,,,, (ii) in the service or pay of a local authority as defined in clause ( 31),,,,,,,,,, "of section 3 of the General Clauses Act, 1897, a corporation established byor under a Central or State Act or a Government company as defined inclause ( 45) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.—,,,,,,,,,, (a) persons falling under any of the descriptions made in this clause,,,,,,,,,, "are public servants, whether appointed by the Government or not;",,,,,,,,,, (b) every person who is in actual possession of the situation of a,,,,,,,,,, "public servant, whatever legal defect there may be in his right to hold thatsituation is a public servant;",,,,,,,,,, (c) “election” means an election for the purpose of selecting members,,,,,,,,,, "of any legislative, municipal or other public authority, of whatever character,the method of election to which is by, or under any law for the time beingin force.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A Municipal Commissioner is a public servant;10 of 1897.,,,,,,,,,, 18 of 2013.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 456,,,,,,,,,, "(29) “reason to believe”.—A person is said to have “reason to believe” a thing,",,,,,,,,,, if he has sufficient cause to believe that thing but not otherwise;,,,,,,,,,, (30) “special law” means a law applicable to a particular subject;,,,,,,,,,, "(31) “valuable security” means a document which is, or purports to be, a",,,,,,,,,, "document where by any legal right is created, extended, transferred, restricted,extinguished or released, or where by any person acknowledges that he lies underlegal liability, or has not a certain legal right.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange. As the effect of this,,,,,,,,,, "endorsement is to transfer the right to the bill to any person who may become thelawful holder of it, the endorsement is a “valuable security”;",,,,,,,,,, (32) “vessel” means anything made for the conveyance by water of human,,,,,,,,,, beings or of property;,,,,,,,,,, (33) “voluntarily”A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he,,,,,,,,,, "causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time ofemploying those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A sets fire, by night, to an inhabited house in a large town, for the purpose of",,,,,,,,,, "facilitating a robbery and thus causes the death of a person. Here, A may not haveintended to cause death; and may even be sorry that death has been caused by his act;yet, if he knew that he was likely to cause death, he has caused death voluntarily;",,,,,,,,,, (34) “will” means any testamentary document;,,,,,,,,,, (35) “woman” means a female human being of any age;,,,,,,,,,, (36) “wrongful gain” means gain by unlawful means of property to which the,,,,,,,,,, person gaining is not legally entitled;,,,,,,,,,, (37) “wrongful loss” means the loss by unlawful means of property to which the,,,,,,,,,, person losing it is legally entitled;,,,,,,,,,, "(38) “gaining wrongfully”, “losing wrongfully”.—A person is said to gain",,,,,,,,,, "wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as when such person acquireswrongfully. A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept outof any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of property; and",,,,,,,,,, (39) words and expressions used but not defined in this Sanhita but defined in,,,,,,,,,, "the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,2023 and shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in that Act Sanhita.",,,,,,,,,, "3. (1) Throughout this Sanhita every definition of an offence, every penal provision,",,,,,,,,,, "and every Illustration of every such definition or penal provision, shall be understoodsubject to the exceptions contained in the Chapter entitled “General Exceptions”, thoughthose exceptions are not repeated in such definition, penal provision, or Illustration.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) The sections, in this Sanhita which contain definitions of offences, do not",,,,,,,,,, express that a child under seven years of age cannot commit such offences; but thedefinitions are to be understood subject to the general exception which provides thatnothing shall be an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, a police-officer, without warrant, apprehends Z, who has committed murder.",,,,,,,,,, "Here A is not guilty of the offence of wrongful confinement; for he was bound by lawto apprehend Z, and therefore the case falls within the general exception which providesthat “nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is bound by law to do it”. GeneralExplanationsandexpressions.21 of 2000.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 457,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Every expression which is explained in any Part of this Sanhita, is used in every Part",,,,,,,,,, of this Sanhita in conformity with the explanation.,,,,,,,,,, "(3) When property is in the possession of a person’s spouse, clerk or servant, on",,,,,,,,,, "account of that person, it is in that person’s possession within the meaning of this Sanhita.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— A person employed temporarily or on a particular occasion in the capacity,,,,,,,,,, "of a clerk or servant, is a clerk or servant within the meaning of this sub-section.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) In every Part of this Sanhita, except where a contrary intention appears from the",,,,,,,,,, "context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions.",,,,,,,,,, (5) When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of the common,,,,,,,,,, "intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if it were doneby him alone.",,,,,,,,,, "(6) Whenever an act, which is criminal only by reason of its being done with a criminal",,,,,,,,,, "knowledge or intention, is done by several persons, each of such persons who joins in theact with such knowledge or intention is liable for the act in the same manner as if the act weredone by him alone with that knowledge or intention.",,,,,,,,,, "(7) Wherever the causing of a certain effect, or an attempt to cause that effect, by an",,,,,,,,,, "act or by an omission, is an offence, it is to be understood that the causing of that effectpartly by an act and partly by an omission is the same offence.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A intentionally causes Z’s death, partly by illegally omitting to give Z food, and partly",,,,,,,,,, by beating Z. A has committed murder.,,,,,,,,,, "(8) When an offence is committed by means of several acts, whoever intentionally",,,,,,,,,, "co-operates in the commission of that offence by doing any one of those acts, either singlyor jointly with any other person, commits that offence.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A and B agree to murder Z by severally and at different times giving him small doses,,,,,,,,,, "of poison. A and B administer the poison according to the agreement with intent to murder Z.Z dies from the effects the several doses of poison so administered to him. Here A and Bintentionally cooperate in the commission of murder and as each of them does an act bywhich the death is caused, they are both guilty of the offence though their acts are separate.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A and B are joint jailors, and as such have the charge of Z, a prisoner, alternatively",,,,,,,,,, "for six hours at a time. A and B, intending to cause Z’s death, knowingly co-operate incausing that effect by illegally omitting, each during the time of his attendance, to furnish Zwith food supplied to them for that purpose. Z dies of hunger. Both A and B are guilty of themurder of Z.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, a jailor, has the charge of Z, a prisoner. A, intending to cause Z’s death, illegally",,,,,,,,,, "omits to supply Z with food; in consequence of which Z is much reduced in strength, but thestarvation is not sufficient to cause his death. A is dismissed from his office, and B succeedshim. B, without collusion or co-operation with A, illegally omits to supply Z with food,knowing that he is likely thereby to cause Z’s death. Z dies of hunger. B is guilty of murder,but, as A did not co-operate with B. A is guilty only of an attempt to commit murder.",,,,,,,,,, (9) Where severalpersons are engaged or concerned in the commission of a criminal,,,,,,,,,, "act, they may be guilty of different offences by means of that act.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A attacks Z under such circumstances of grave provocation that his killing of Z would,,,,,,,,,, "be only culpable homicide not amounting to murder. B, having ill-will towards Z and intending5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 458,,,,,,,,,, "to kill him, and not having been subject to the provocation, assists A in killing Z. Here,",,,,,,,,,, "though A and B are both engaged in causing Z’s death, B is guilty of murder, and A is guiltyonly of culpable homicide.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER II,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F PUNISHMENTS,,,,,,,,,, 4. The punishments to which offenders are liable under the provisions of this Sanhita,,,,,,,,,, are—,,,,,,,,,, (a) Death;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) Imprisonment for life, that is to say, imprisonment for remainder of a person’s",,,,,,,,,, natural life;,,,,,,,,,, "(c) Imprisonment, which is of two descriptions, namely:—",,,,,,,,,, "(1) Rigorous, that is, with hard labour;",,,,,,,,,, (2) Simple;,,,,,,,,,, (d) Forfeiture of property;,,,,,,,,,, (e) Fine;,,,,,,,,,, (f) Community Service.,,,,,,,,,, "5. In every case in which sentence of,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) death has been passed, the appropriate Government may, without the consent",,,,,,,,,, "of the offender, commute the punishment for any other punishment provided by thisSanhita;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) imprisonment for life has been passed, the appropriate Government may,",,,,,,,,,, "without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for imprisonment ofeither description for a term not exceeding fourteen years.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.–– For the purposes of this section expression“ appropriate Government”,,,,,,,,,, "means,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) in cases where the sentence is a sentence of death or is for an offence against,,,,,,,,,, "any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends, theCentral Government; and",,,,,,,,,, (b) in cases where the sentence (whether of death or not) is for an offence,,,,,,,,,, "against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends,the Government of the State within which the offender is sentenced.",,,,,,,,,, "6. In calculating fractions of terms of punishment, imprisonment for life shall be reckoned",,,,,,,,,, as equivalent to imprisonment for twenty years unless otherwise provided.,,,,,,,,,, 7. In every case in which an offender is punishable with imprisonment which may be of,,,,,,,,,, "either description, it shall be competent to the Court which sentences such offender to directin the sentence that such imprisonment shall be wholly rigorous, or that such imprisonmentshall be wholly simple, or that any part of such imprisonment shall be rigorous and the restsimple.",,,,,,,,,, "8. (1) Where no sum is expressed to which a fine may extend, the amount of fine to",,,,,,,,,, "which the offender is liable is unlimited, but shall not be excessive.",,,,,,,,,, (2) In every case of an offence––,,,,,,,,,, "(a) punishable with imprisonment as well as fine, in which the offender is",,,,,,,,,, "sentenced to a fine, whether with or without imprisonment;Punishments.",,,,,,,,,, Commutation,,,,,,,,,, of sentence ofdeath orimprisonmentfor life.,,,,,,,,,, Fractions of,,,,,,,,,, terms ofpunishment.,,,,,,,,,, Sentence may,,,,,,,,,, be (in certaincases ofimprisonment)wholly orpartly rigorousor simple.,,,,,,,,,, Amount of,,,,,,,,,, "fine, liabilityin default ofpayment offine, etc.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 409,,,,,,,,,, "(b) punishable with imprisonment or fine, or with fine only, in which the offender",,,,,,,,,, "is sentenced to a fine, it shall be competent to the Court which sentences such offenderto direct by the sentence that, in default of payment of the fine, the offender shallsuffer imprisonment for a certain term, in which imprisonment shall be in excess of anyother imprisonment to which he may have been sentenced or to which he may be liableunder a commutation of a sentence.",,,,,,,,,, (3)The term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned in default of,,,,,,,,,, "payment of a fine shall not exceed one-fourth of the term of imprisonment which is themaximum fixed for the offence, if the offence be punishable with imprisonment as well as fine.",,,,,,,,,, (4) The imprisonment which the Court imposes in default of payment of a fine or in,,,,,,,,,, default of community service may be of any description to which the offender might havebeen sentenced for the offence.,,,,,,,,,, "(5) If the offence is punishable with fine or community service, the imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "which the Court imposes in default of payment of the fine or in default of community serviceshall be simple, and the term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned, indefault of payment of fine or in default of community service, shall not exceed for any termnot exceeding,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) two months when the amount of the fine shall not exceed five thousand,,,,,,,,,, rupees; and,,,,,,,,,, (b) four months when the amount of the fine shall not exceed ten thousand,,,,,,,,,, "rupees, and for any term not exceeding one year in any other case.",,,,,,,,,, (6) (a)The imprisonment which is imposed in default of payment of a fine shall terminate,,,,,,,,,, whenever that fine is either paid or levied by process of law;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) If, before the expiration of the term of imprisonment fixed in default of payment,",,,,,,,,,, "such a proportion of the fine be paid or levied that the term of imprisonment suffered indefault of payment is not less than proportional to the part of the fine still unpaid, theimprisonment shall terminate.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A is sentenced to a fine of one thousand rupees and to four months’ imprisonment in,,,,,,,,,, "default of payment. Here, if seven hundred and fifty rupees of the fine be paid or leviedbefore the expiration of one month of the imprisonment, A will be discharged as soon as thefirst month has expired. If seven hundred and fifty rupees be paid or levied at the time of theexpiration of the first month, or at any later time while A continues in imprisonment, A will beimmediately discharged. If five hundred rupees of the fine be paid or levied before theexpiration of two months of the imprisonment. A will be discharged as soon as the twomonths are completed. If five hundred rupees be paid or levied at the time of the expiration ofthose two months, or at any later time while A continues in imprisonment, A will be immediatelydischarged.",,,,,,,,,, "(7) The fine, or any part thereof which remains unpaid, may be levied at any time within",,,,,,,,,, "six years after the passing of the sentence, and if, under the sentence, the offender be liableto imprisonment for a longer period than six years, then at any time previous to the expirationof that period; and the death of the offender does not discharge from the liability anyproperty which would, after his death, be legally liable for his debts.",,,,,,,,,, "9. (1) Where anything which is an offence is made up of parts, any of which parts is",,,,,,,,,, "itself an offence, the offender shall not be punished with the punishment of more than one ofsuch his offences, unless it be so expressly provided.",,,,,,,,,, (2) (a) Where anything is an offence falling within two or more separate definitions of,,,,,,,,,, any law in force for the time being by which offences are defined or punished; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) Where several acts, of which one or more than one would by itself or themselves",,,,,,,,,, Limit of,,,,,,,,,, punishment ofoffence madeup of severaloffences.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4510,,,,,,,,,, "constitute an offence, constitute, when combined, a different offence,",,,,,,,,,, the offender shall not be punished with a more severe punishment than the Court which tries,,,,,,,,,, him could award for any one of such offences.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A gives Z fifty strokes with a stick. Here A may have committed the offence of,,,,,,,,,, "voluntarily causing hurt to Z by the whole beating, and also by each of the blows whichmake up the whole beating. If A were liable to punishment for every blow, he might beimprisoned for fifty years, one for each blow. But he is liable only to one punishment for thewhole beating.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) But, if, while A is beating Z, Y interferes, and A intentionally strikes Y, here, as the",,,,,,,,,, "blow given to Y is no part of the act whereby A voluntarily causes hurt to Z, A is liable to onepunishment for voluntarily causing hurt to Z, and to another for the blow given to Y .",,,,,,,,,, 10. In all cases in which judgment is given that a person is guilty of one of several,,,,,,,,,, "offences specified in the judgment, but that it is doubtful of which of these offences he isguilty, the offender shall be punished for the offence for which the lowest punishment isprovided if the same punishment is not provided for all.",,,,,,,,,, 11. Whenever any person is convicted of an offence for which under this Sanhita the,,,,,,,,,, "Court has power to sentence him to rigorous imprisonment, the Court may, by its sentence,order that the offender shall be kept in solitary confinement for any portion or portions of theimprisonment to which he is sentenced, not exceeding three months in the whole, accordingto the following scale, namely: —",,,,,,,,,, (a) a time not exceeding one month if the term of imprisonment shall not exceed,,,,,,,,,, six months;,,,,,,,,,, (b) a time not exceeding two months if the term of imprisonment shall exceed six,,,,,,,,,, months and shall not exceed one year;,,,,,,,,,, (c) a time not exceeding three months if the term of imprisonment shall exceed,,,,,,,,,, one year.,,,,,,,,,, "12. In executing a sentence of solitary confinement, such confinement shall in no case",,,,,,,,,, "exceed fourteen days at a time, with intervals between the periods of solitary confinement ofnot less duration than such periods; and when the imprisonment awarded shall exceed threemonths, the solitary confinement shall not exceed seven days in any one month of the wholeimprisonment awarded, with intervals between the periods of solitary confinement of notless duration than such periods.",,,,,,,,,, "13. Whoever, having been convicted by a Court in India, of an offence punishable",,,,,,,,,, "under Chapters X or Chapter XVII of this Sanhita with imprisonment of either description fora term of three years or upwards, shall be guilty of any offence punishable under either ofthose Chapters with like imprisonment for the like term, shall be subject for every suchsubsequent offence to imprisonment for life, or to imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to ten years.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER III,,,,,,,,,, G,,,,,,,,,, ENERAL EXCEPTIONS,,,,,,,,,, "14. Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is, or who by reason of a",,,,,,,,,, "mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith believes himself to be,bound by law to do it.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, a soldier, fires on a mob by the order of his superior officer, in conformity with the",,,,,,,,,, "commands of the law. A has committed no offence.Punishment ofperson guiltyof one ofseveraloffences,judgmentstating that itis doubtful ofwhich.",,,,,,,,,, Limit of,,,,,,,,,, solitaryconfinement.,,,,,,,,,, Enhanced,,,,,,,,,, punishmentfor certainoffences afterpreviousconviction.,,,,,,,,,, Act done by a,,,,,,,,,, "person bound,or by mistakeof factbelievinghimself bound,by law.Solitary",,,,,,,,,, confinement.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4511,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, an officer of a Court, being ordered by that Court to arrest Y , and after due",,,,,,,,,, "enquiry, believing Z to be Y , arrests Z. A has committed no offence.",,,,,,,,,, 15. Nothing is an offence which is done by a Judge when acting judicially in the,,,,,,,,,, "exercise of any power which is, or which in good faith he believes to be, given to him by law.",,,,,,,,,, "16. Nothing which is done in pursuance of, or which is warranted by the judgment or",,,,,,,,,, "order of, a Court; if done whilst such judgment or order remains in force, is an offence,notwithstanding the Court may have had no jurisdiction to pass such judgment or order,provided the person doing the act in good faith believes that the Court had such jurisdiction.",,,,,,,,,, "17. Nothing is an offence which is done by any person who is justified by law, or who",,,,,,,,,, "by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith, believeshimself to be justified by law, in doing it.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A sees Z commit what appears to A to be a murder. A, in the exercise, to the best of his",,,,,,,,,, "judgment exerted in good faith, of the power which the law gives to all persons of apprehendingmurderers in the fact, seizes Z, in order to bring Z before the proper authorities. A hascommitted no offence, though it may turn out that Z was acting in self-defence.",,,,,,,,,, "18. Nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any",,,,,,,,,, criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawfulmeans and with proper care and caution.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A is at work with a hatchet; the head flies off and kills a man who is standing by. Here,",,,,,,,,,, "if there was no want of proper caution on the part of A, his act is excusable and not anoffence.",,,,,,,,,, 19. Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done with the knowledge that,,,,,,,,,, "it is likely to cause harm, if it be done without any criminal intention to cause harm, and ingood faith for the purpose of preventing or avoiding other harm to person or property.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. — It is a question of fact in such a case whether the harm to be prevented,,,,,,,,,, or avoided was of such a nature and so imminent as to justify or excuse the risk of doing theact with the knowledge that it was likely to cause harm.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, " (a) A, the captain of a vessel, suddenly, and without any fault or negligence on his",,,,,,,,,, "part, finds himself in such a position that, before he can stop his vessel, he must inevitablyrun down a boat B, with twenty or thirty passengers on board, unless he changes the courseof his vessel, and that, by changing his course, he must incur risk of running down a boat Cwith only two passengers on board, which he may possibly clear. Here, if A alters his coursewithout any intention to run down the boat C and in good faith for the purpose of avoidingthe danger to the passengers in the boat B, he is not guilty of an offence, though he may rundown the boat C by doing an act which he knew was likely to cause that effect, if it be foundas a matter of fact that the danger which he intended to avoid was such as to excuse him inincurring the risk of running down the boat C.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, in a great fire, pulls down houses in order to prevent the conflagration from",,,,,,,,,, "spreading. He does this with the intention in good faith of saving human life or property.Here, if it be found that the harm to be prevented was of such a nature and so imminent as toexcuse A’s act, A is not guilty of the offence.Act of Judgewhen actingjudicially.",,,,,,,,,, Act done,,,,,,,,,, pursuant tojudgment ororder ofCourt.,,,,,,,,,, Act done by a,,,,,,,,,, "person justified,or by mistake offact believinghimself,justified, by law.",,,,,,,,,, Accident in,,,,,,,,,, doing a lawfulact.,,,,,,,,,, Act likely to,,,,,,,,,, "cause harm,but donewithoutcriminalintent, and toprevent otherharm.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4012,,,,,,,,,, 20. Nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age.,,,,,,,,,, 21. Nothing is an offence which is done by a child above seven years of age and under,,,,,,,,,, "twelve, who has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding to judge of the nature andconsequences of his conduct on that occasion.",,,,,,,,,, "22. Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by",,,,,,,,,, "reason of mental illness, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doingwhat is either wrong or contrary to law.",,,,,,,,,, "23. Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, is, by",,,,,,,,,, "reason of intoxication, incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what iseither wrong, or contrary to law; unless that the thing which intoxicated him was administeredto him without his knowledge or against his will.",,,,,,,,,, 24. In cases where an act done is not an offence unless done with a particular knowledge,,,,,,,,,, "or intent, a person who does the act in a state of intoxication shall be liable to be dealt withas if he had the same knowledge as he would have had if he had not been intoxicated, unlessthe thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or againsthis will.",,,,,,,,,, "25. Nothing which is not intended to cause death, or grievous hurt, and which is not",,,,,,,,,, "known by the doer to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, is an offence by reason of anyharm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, to any person, above eighteenyears of age, who has given consent, whether express or implied, to suffer that harm; or byreason of any harm which it may be known by the doer to be likely to cause to any suchperson who has consented to take the risk of that harm.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A and Z agree to fence with each other for amusement. This agreement implies the,,,,,,,,,, "consent of each to suffer any harm which, in the course of such fencing, may be causedwithout foul play; and if A, while playing fairly, hurts Z, A commits no offence.",,,,,,,,,, "26. Nothing, which is not intended to cause death, is an offence by reason of any harm",,,,,,,,,, "which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, or be known by the doer to be likelyto cause, to any person for whose benefit it is done in good faith, and who has given aconsent, whether express or implied, to suffer that harm, or to take the risk of that harm.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, a surgeon, knowing that a particular operation is likely to cause the death of Z, who",,,,,,,,,, "suffers under the painful complaint, but not intending to cause Z’s death, and intending, ingood faith, Z’s benefit, performs that operation on Z, with Z’s consent. A has committed nooffence.",,,,,,,,,, 27. Nothing which is done in good faith for the benefit of a person under twelve years,,,,,,,,,, "of age, or of person with mental illness, by or by consent, either express or implied, of theguardian or other person having lawful charge of that person, is an offence by reason of anyharm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause or be known by the doer to belikely to cause to that person:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that this exception shall not extend to––,,,,,,,,,, "(a) the intentional causing of death, or to the attempting to cause death;",,,,,,,,,, (b) the doing of anything which the person doing it knows to be likely to causeAct of a child,,,,,,,,,, above sevenand undertwelve ofimmatureunderstanding.,,,,,,,,,, Act of a,,,,,,,,,, person ofmental illness.,,,,,,,,,, Act of a person,,,,,,,,,, incapable ofjudgment byreason ofintoxicationcaused againsthis will.,,,,,,,,,, Offence,,,,,,,,,, requiring aparticularintent orknowledgecommitted byone who isintoxicated.,,,,,,,,,, Act not,,,,,,,,,, "intended andnot known tobe likely tocause death orgrievous hurt,done byconsent.",,,,,,,,,, Act not,,,,,,,,,, "intended tocause death,done byconsent ingood faith forperson'sbenefit.",,,,,,,,,, Act done in,,,,,,,,,, "good faith forbenefit ofchild orperson withmental illness,by or byconsent ofguardian.Act of a child",,,,,,,,,, under sevenyears of age.,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4013,,,,,,,,,, "death, for any purpose other than the preventing of death or grievous hurt, or the",,,,,,,,,, curing of any grievous disease or infirmity;,,,,,,,,,, "(c) the voluntary causing of grievous hurt, or to the attempting to cause grievous",,,,,,,,,, "hurt, unless it be for the purpose of preventing death or grievous hurt, or the curing ofany grievous disease or infirmity;",,,,,,,,,, "(d) the abetment of any offence, to the committing of which offence it would not",,,,,,,,,, extend.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, in good faith, for his child’s benefit without his child’s consent, has his child cut for",,,,,,,,,, "the stone by a surgeon knowing it to be likely that the operation will cause the child’s death,but not intending to cause the child’s death. A is within the exception, in as much as hisobject was the cure of the child.",,,,,,,,,, "28. A consent is not such a consent as is intended by any section of this Sanhita,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if the consent is given by a person under fear of injury, or under a misconception",,,,,,,,,, "of fact, and if the person doing the act knows, or has reason to believe, that theconsent was given in consequence of such fear or misconception; or",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the consent is given by a person who, from mental illness, or intoxication,",,,,,,,,,, is unable to understand the nature and consequence of that to which he gives hisconsent; or,,,,,,,,,, "(c) unless the contrary appears from the context, if the consent is given by a",,,,,,,,,, person who is under twelve years of age.,,,,,,,,,, "29. The exceptions in sections 21, 22 and 23 do not extend to acts which are offences",,,,,,,,,, "independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known tobe likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or on whose behalf the consent is given.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, Causing miscarriage (unless caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of,,,,,,,,,, "the woman) is offence independently of any harm which it may cause or be intended to causeto the woman. Therefore, it is not an offence “by reason of such harm”; and the consent ofthe woman or of her guardian to the causing of such miscarriage does not justify the act.",,,,,,,,,, 30. Nothing is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause to a person for,,,,,,,,,, "whose benefit it is done in good faith, even without that person’s consent, if the circumstancesare such that it is impossible for that person to signify consent, or if that person is incapableof giving consent, and has no guardian or other person in lawful charge of him from whom itis possible to obtain consent in time for the thing to be done with benefit:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that exception shall not extend to––,,,,,,,,,, "(a) the intentional causing of death, or the attempting to cause death;",,,,,,,,,, (b) the doing of anything which the person doing it knows to be likely to cause,,,,,,,,,, "death, for any purpose other than the preventing of death or grievous hurt, or thecuring of any grievous disease or infirmity;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) the voluntary causing of hurt, or to the attempting to cause hurt, for any",,,,,,,,,, purpose other than the preventing of death or hurt;,,,,,,,,,, "(d) the abetment of any offence, to the committing of which offence it would not",,,,,,,,,, extend.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(1) Z is thrown from his horse, and is insensible. A, a surgeon, finds that Z requires toConsent",,,,,,,,,, known to begiven underfear ormisconception.,,,,,,,,,, Exclusion of,,,,,,,,,, acts which areoffencesindependentlyof harmcaused.,,,,,,,,,, Act done in,,,,,,,,,, good faith forbenefit of apersonwithoutconsent.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4514,,,,,,,,,, "be trepanned. A, not intending Z’s death, but in good faith, for Z’s benefit, performs the",,,,,,,,,, trepan before Z recovers his power of judging for himself. A has committed no offence.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Z is carried off by a tiger. A fires at the tiger knowing it to be likely that the shot may,,,,,,,,,, "kill Z, but not intending to kill Z, and in good faith intending Z’s benefit. A’s bullet gives Z amortal wound. A has committed no offence.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) A, a surgeon, sees a child suffer an accident which is likely to prove fatal unless an",,,,,,,,,, "operation be immediately performed. There is no time to apply to the child’s guardian. Aperforms the operation in spite of the entreaties of the child, intending, in good faith, thechild’s benefit. A has committed no offence.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) A is in a house which is on fire, with Z, a child. People below hold out a blanket. A",,,,,,,,,, "drops the child from the house top, knowing it to be likely that the fall may kill the child, butnot intending to kill the child, and intending, in good faith, the child’s benefit. Here, even ifthe child is killed by the fall, A has committed no offence.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— Mere pecuniary benefit is not benefit within the meaning of sections,,,,,,,,,, "21, 22 and 23.",,,,,,,,,, 31. No communication made in good faith is an offence by reason of any harm to the,,,,,,,,,, "person to whom it is made, if it is made for the benefit of that person.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, a surgeon, in good faith, communicates to a patient his opinion that he cannot live.",,,,,,,,,, "The patient dies in consequence of the shock. A has committed no offence, though he knewit to be likely that the communication might cause the patient’s death.",,,,,,,,,, "32. Except murder, and offences against the State punishable with death, nothing is an",,,,,,,,,, "offence which is done by a person who is compelled to do it by threats, which, at the time ofdoing it, reasonably cause the apprehension that instant death to that person will otherwisebe the consequence:",,,,,,,,,, "Provided the person doing the act did not of his own accord, or from a reasonable",,,,,,,,,, "apprehension of harm to himself short of instant death, place himself in the situation bywhich he became subject to such constraint.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—A person who, of his own accord, or by reason of a threat of being",,,,,,,,,, "beaten, joins a gang of dacoits, knowing their character, is not entitled to the benefit of thisexception, on the ground of his having been compelled by his associates to do anything thatis an offence by law.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—A person seized by a gang of dacoits, and forced, by threat of instant",,,,,,,,,, "death, to do a thing which is an offence by law; for example, a smith compelled to take histools and to force the door of a house for the dacoits to enter and plunder it, is entitled to thebenefit of this exception.",,,,,,,,,, "33. Nothing is an offence by reason that it causes, or that it is intended to cause, or",,,,,,,,,, "that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm, if that harm is so slight that no person ofordinary sense and temper would complain of such harm.",,,,,,,,,, Of the right of private defence,,,,,,,,,, 34. Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defence.,,,,,,,,,, "35. Every person has a right, subject to the restrictions contained in section 37, to",,,,,,,,,, defend—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) his own body, and the body of any other person, against any offence affecting",,,,,,,,,, the human body;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) the property, whether movable or immovable, of himself or of any otherCommunication",,,,,,,,,, made in goodfaith.,,,,,,,,,, Act to which a,,,,,,,,,, personcompelled bythreats.,,,,,,,,,, Act causing,,,,,,,,,, slight harm.,,,,,,,,,, Things done,,,,,,,,,, in privatedefence.,,,,,,,,,, Right of,,,,,,,,,, privatedefence ofbody and ofproperty.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4515,,,,,,,,,, "person, against any act which is an offence falling under the definition of theft, robbery,",,,,,,,,,, "mischief or criminal trespass, or which is an attempt to commit theft, robbery, mischiefor criminal trespass.",,,,,,,,,, "36. When an act, which would otherwise be a certain offence, is not that offence, by",,,,,,,,,, "reason of the youth, the want of maturity of understanding, the mental illness or the intoxicationof the person doing that act, or by reason of any misconception on the part of that person,every person has the same right of private defence against that act which he would have ifthe act were that offence.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) Z, under the influence of mental illness, attempts to kill A; Z is guilty of no offence.",,,,,,,,,, But A has the same right of private defence which he would have if Z were sane.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A enters by night a house which he is legally entitled to enter. Z, in good faith,",,,,,,,,,, "taking A for a house-breaker, attacks A. Here Z, by attacking A under this misconception,commits no offence. But A has the same right of private defence against Z, which he wouldhave if Z were not acting under that misconception.",,,,,,,,,, "37. (1) There is no right of private defence,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death,,,,,,,,,, "or of grievous hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant acting in goodfaith under colour of his office, though that act, may not be strictly justifiable by law;",,,,,,,,,, (b) against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death,,,,,,,,,, "or of grievous hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by the direction of a publicservant acting in good faith under colour of his office, though that direction may notbe strictly justifiable by law;",,,,,,,,,, (c) in cases in which there is time to have recourse to the protection of the public,,,,,,,,,, authorities.,,,,,,,,,, (2) The right of private defence in no case extends to the inflicting of more harm than,,,,,,,,,, it is necessary to inflict for the purpose of defence.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—A person is not deprived of the right of private defence against an act,,,,,,,,,, "done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant, as such, unless he knows or has reasonto believe, that the person doing the act is such public servant.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—A person is not deprived of the right of private defence against an act,,,,,,,,,, "done, or attempted to be done, by the direction of a public servant, unless he knows, or hasreason to believe, that the person doing the act is acting by such direction, or unless suchperson states the authority under which he acts, or if he has authority in writing, unless heproduces such authority, if demanded.",,,,,,,,,, "38. The right of private defence of the body extends, under the restrictions specified in",,,,,,,,,, "section 37, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the assailant, if theoffence which occasions the exercise of the right be of any of the descriptions hereinafterenumerated, namely:—",,,,,,,,,, (a) such an assault as may reasonably cause the apprehension that death will,,,,,,,,,, otherwise be the consequence of such assault;,,,,,,,,,, (b) such an assault as may reasonably cause the apprehension that grievous,,,,,,,,,, hurt will otherwise be the consequence of such assault;,,,,,,,,,, (c) an assault with the intention of committing rape;,,,,,,,,,, (d) an assault with the intention of gratifying unnatural lust;,,,,,,,,,, (e) an assault with the intention of kidnapping or abducting;Right of,,,,,,,,,, "privatedefenceagainst act ofa person withmental illness,etc.",,,,,,,,,, Acts against,,,,,,,,,, which there isno right ofprivatedefence.,,,,,,,,,, When the,,,,,,,,,, right ofprivatedefence ofbody extendsto causingdeath.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4516,,,,,,,,,, "(f) an assault with the intention of wrongfully confining a person, under",,,,,,,,,, circumstances which may reasonably cause him to apprehend that he will be unable tohave recourse to the public authorities for his release;,,,,,,,,,, (g) an act of throwing or administering acid or an attempt to throw or administer,,,,,,,,,, acid which may reasonably cause the apprehension that grievous hurt will otherwisebe the consequence of such act.,,,,,,,,,, "39. If the offence be not of any of the descriptions specfied in section 38, the right of",,,,,,,,,, "private defence of the body does not extend to the voluntary causing of death to theassailant, but does extend, under the restrictions specified in section 37, to the voluntarycausing to the assailant of any harm other than death.",,,,,,,,,, 40. The right of private defence of the body commences as soon as a reasonable,,,,,,,,,, apprehension of danger to the body arises from an attempt or threat to commit the offencethough the offence may not have been committed; and it continues as long as suchapprehension of danger to the body continues.,,,,,,,,,, "41. The right of private defence of property extends, under the restrictions specified in",,,,,,,,,, "section 37, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the wrong-doer, if theoffence, the committing of which, or the attempting to commit which, occasions the exerciseof the right, be an offence of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated, namely:—",,,,,,,,,, (a) robbery;,,,,,,,,,, (b) house-breaking after sun set and before sun rise;,,,,,,,,,, "(c) mischief by fire or any explosive substance committed on any building, tent",,,,,,,,,, "or vessel, which building, tent or vessel is used as a human dwelling, or as a place forthe custody of property;",,,,,,,,,, "(d) theft, mischief, or house-trespass, under such circumstances as may",,,,,,,,,, "reasonably cause apprehension that death or grievous hurt will be the consequence,if such right of private defence is not exercised.",,,,,,,,,, "42. If the offence, the committing of which, or the attempting to commit which occasions",,,,,,,,,, "the exercise of the right of private defence, be theft, mischief, or criminal trespass, not of anyof the descriptions specified in section 41, that right does not extend to the voluntarycausing of death, but does extend, subject to the restrictions specified in section 37, to thevoluntary causing to the wrong-doer of any harm other than death.",,,,,,,,,, "43. The right of private defence of property,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) commences when a reasonable apprehension of danger to the property,,,,,,,,,, commences;,,,,,,,,,, (b) against theft continues till the offender has effected his retreat with the,,,,,,,,,, "property or either the assistance of the public authorities is obtained, or the propertyhas been recovered;",,,,,,,,,, (c) against robbery continues as long as the offender causes or attempts to,,,,,,,,,, cause to any person death or hurt or wrongful restraint or as long as the fear of instantdeath or of instant hurt or of instant personal restraint continues;,,,,,,,,,, (d) against criminal trespass or mischief continues as long as the offender,,,,,,,,,, continues in the commission of criminal trespass or mischief;,,,,,,,,,, (e) against house-breaking after sunset and before sun rise continues as long as,,,,,,,,,, the house-trespass which has been begun by such house-breaking continues.,,,,,,,,,, 44. If in the exercise of the right of private defence against an assault which reasonably,,,,,,,,,, "causes the apprehension of death, the defender be so situated that he cannot effectuallyWhen suchright extendsto causing anyharm otherthan death.",,,,,,,,,, Commencement,,,,,,,,,, andcontinuance ofright of privatedefence of thebody.,,,,,,,,,, When right of,,,,,,,,,, privatedefence ofpropertyextends tocausing death.,,,,,,,,,, When such,,,,,,,,,, right extendsto causing anyharm otherthan death.,,,,,,,,,, Commencement,,,,,,,,,, andcontinuanceof right ofprivatedefence ofproperty.,,,,,,,,,, Right of private,,,,,,,,,, defence againstdeadly assaultwhen there isrisk of harm toinnocent person.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4517,,,,,,,,,, "exercise that right without risk of harm to an innocent person, his right of private defence",,,,,,,,,, extends to the running of that risk.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A is attacked by a mob who attempt to murder him. He cannot effectually exercise his,,,,,,,,,, "right of private defence without firing on the mob, and he cannot fire without risk of harming",,,,,,,,,, young children who are mingled with the mob. A commits no offence if by so firing he harmsany of the children.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER IV,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, "F ABETMENT , CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPT",,,,,,,,,, Of Abetment,,,,,,,,,, "45. A person abets the doing of a thing, who—",,,,,,,,,, (a) instigates any person to do that thing; or,,,,,,,,,, (b) engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the,,,,,,,,,, "doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that",,,,,,,,,, "conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing; or",,,,,,,,,, "(c) intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—A person who, by wilful misrepresentation, or by wilful concealment",,,,,,,,,, "of a material fact which he is bound to disclose, voluntarily causes or procures, or attemptsto cause or procure, a thing to be done, is said to instigate the doing of that thing.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, a public officer, is authorised by a warrant from a Court to apprehend Z. B, knowing",,,,,,,,,, "that fact and also that C is not Z, wilfully represents to A that C is Z, and thereby intentionally",,,,,,,,,, causes A to apprehend C. Here B abets by instigation the apprehension of C.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2. —Whoever, either prior to or at the time of the commission of an act,",,,,,,,,,, "does anything in order to facilitate the commission of that act, and thereby facilitates the",,,,,,,,,, "commission thereof, is said to aid the doing of that act.",,,,,,,,,, "46. A person abets an offence, who abets either the commission of an offence, or the",,,,,,,,,, "commission of an act which would be an offence, if committed by a person capable by law of",,,,,,,,,, committing an offence with the same intention or knowledge as that of the abettor.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1. —The abetment of the illegal omission of an act may amount to an,,,,,,,,,, offence although the abettor may not himself be bound to do that act.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2. —To constitute the offence of abetment it is not necessary that the act,,,,,,,,,, "abetted should be committed, or that the effect requisite to constitute the offence should becaused.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A instigates B to murder C. B refuses to do so. A is guilty of abetting B to commit,,,,,,,,,, murder.,,,,,,,,,, (b) A instigates B to murder D. B in pursuance of the instigation stabs D. D recovers,,,,,,,,,, from the wound. A is guilty of instigating B to commit murder.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 3.—It is not necessary that the person abetted should be capable by law,,,,,,,,,, "of committing an offence, or that he should have the same guilty intention or knowledge as",,,,,,,,,, "that of the abettor, or any guilty intention or knowledge.Abetment of",,,,,,,,,, thing.,,,,,,,,,, Abettor.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4018,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, with a guilty intention, abets a child or a person with mental illness to commit an",,,,,,,,,, "act which would be an offence, if committed by a person capable by law of committing an",,,,,,,,,, "offence, and having the same intention as A. Here A, whether the act be committed or not, isguilty of abetting an offence.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, with the intention of murdering Z, instigates B, a child under seven years of age,",,,,,,,,,, "to do an act which causes Z’s death. B, in consequence of the abetment, does the act in theabsence of A and thereby causes Z’s death. Here, though B was not capable by law ofcommitting an offence, A is liable to be punished in the same manner as if B had been capableby law of committing an offence, and had committed murder, and he is therefore subject tothe punishment of death.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A instigates B to set fire to a dwelling-house. B, in consequence of his mental",,,,,,,,,, "illness, being incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is wrong orcontrary to law, sets fire to the house in consequence of A’s instigation. B has committed nooffence, but A is guilty of abetting the offence of setting fire to a dwelling-house, and is liableto the punishment provided for that offence.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A, intending to cause a theft to be committed, instigates B to take property belonging",,,,,,,,,, "to Z out of Z’s possession. A induces B to believe that the property belongs to A. B takes theproperty out of Z’s possession, in good faith, believing it to be A’s property. B, acting underthis misconception, does not take dishonestly, and therefore does not commit theft. But A isguilty of abetting theft, and is liable to the same punishment as if B had committed theft.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 4. —The abetment of an offence being an offence, the abetment of such",,,,,,,,,, an abetment is also an offence.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A instigates B to instigate C to murder Z. B accordingly instigates C to murder Z, and",,,,,,,,,, "C commits that offence in consequence of B’s instigation. B is liable to be punished for hisoffence with the punishment for murder; and, as A instigated B to commit the offence, A isalso liable to the same punishment.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 5. —It is not necessary to the commission of the offence of abetment by,,,,,,,,,, conspiracy that the abettor should concert the offence with the person who commits it. It issufficient if he engages in the conspiracy in pursuance of which the offence is committed.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A concerts with B a plan for poisoning Z. It is agreed that A shall administer the poison.,,,,,,,,,, "B then explains the plan to C mentioning that a third person is to administer the poison, butwithout mentioning A’s name. C agrees to procure the poison, and procures and delivers it toB for the purpose of its being used in the manner explained. A administers the poison; Z diesin consequence. Here, though A and C have not conspired together, yet C has been engagedin the conspiracy in pursuance of which Z has been murdered. C has therefore committed theoffence defined in this section and is liable to the punishment for murder.",,,,,,,,,, "47. A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Sanhita who, in India, abets",,,,,,,,,, the commission of any act without and beyond India which would constitute an offence ifcommitted in India.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, in India, instigates B, a foreigner in country X, to commit a murder in that country,",,,,,,,,,, A is guilty of abetting murder.,,,,,,,,,, "48. A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Sanhita who, without and",,,,,,,,,, "beyond India, abets the commission of any act in India which would constitute an offence ifcommitted in India.",,,,,,,,,, Abetment inIndia ofoffencesoutside India.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment,,,,,,,,,, outside Indiafor offence inIndia.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4519,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, in country X, instigates B, to commit a murder in India, A is guilty of abetting murder.49. Whoever abets any offence shall, if the act abetted is committed in consequence of",,,,,,,,,, "the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Sanhita for the punishment of suchabetment, be punished with the punishment provided for the offence.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation. — An act or offence is said to be committed in consequence of abetment,",,,,,,,,,, "when it is committed in consequence of the instigation, or in pursuance of the conspiracy, orwith the aid which constitutes the abetment.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A instigates B to give false evidence. B, in consequence of the instigation, commits",,,,,,,,,, "that offence. A is guilty of abetting that offence, and is liable to the same punishment as B.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A and B conspire to poison Z. A, in pursuance of the conspiracy, procures the",,,,,,,,,, "poison and delivers it to B in order that he may administer it to Z. B, in pursuance of theconspiracy, administers the poison to Z in A’s absence and thereby causes Z’s death. HereB is guilty of murder. A is guilty of abetting that offence by conspiracy, and is liable to thepunishment for murder.",,,,,,,,,, "50. Whoever abets the commission of an offence shall, if the person abetted does the",,,,,,,,,, "act with a different intention or knowledge from that of the abettor, be punished with thepunishment provided for the offence which would have been committed if the act had beendone with the intention or knowledge of the abettor and with no other.",,,,,,,,,, "51.When an act is abetted and a different act is done, the abettor is liable for the act",,,,,,,,,, "done, in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had directly abetted it:",,,,,,,,,, "Provided that the act done was a probable consequence of the abetment, and was",,,,,,,,,, "committed under the influence of the instigation, or with the aid or in pursuance of theconspiracy which constituted the abetment.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A instigates a child to put poison into the food of Z, and gives him poison for that",,,,,,,,,, "purpose. The child, in consequence of the instigation, by mistake puts the poison into thefood of Y , which is by the side of that of Z. Here, if the child was acting under the influenceof A’s instigation, and the act done was under the circumstances a probable consequence ofthe abetment, A is liable in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had instigated thechild to put the poison into the food of Y .",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A instigates B to burn Z’s house, B sets fire to the house and at the same time",,,,,,,,,, "commits theft of property there. A, though guilty of abetting the burning of the house, is notguilty of abetting the theft; for the theft was a distinct act, and not a probable consequenceof the burning.",,,,,,,,,, (c) A instigates B and C to break into an inhabited house at midnight for the purpose of,,,,,,,,,, "robbery, and provides them with arms for that purpose. B and C break into the house, andbeing resisted by Z, one of the inmates, murder Z. Here, if that murder was the probableconsequence of the abetment, A is liable to the punishment provided for murder.",,,,,,,,,, 52. If the act for which the abettor is liable under section 51 is committed in addition to,,,,,,,,,, "the act abetted, and constitute a distinct offence, the abettor is liable to punishment for eachof the offences.Punishment ofabetment ifact abetted iscommitted inconsequenceand where noexpressprovision ismade for itspunishment.",,,,,,,,,, Punishment of,,,,,,,,,, abetment ifperson abetteddoes act withdifferentintentionfrom that ofabettor.,,,,,,,,,, Liability of,,,,,,,,,, abettor whenone actabetted anddifferent actdone.,,,,,,,,,, Abettor when,,,,,,,,,, liable tocumulativepunishmentfor act abettedand for actdone.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4020,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A instigates B to resist by force a distress made by a public servant. B, in consequence,",,,,,,,,,, "resists that distress. In offering the resistance, B voluntarily causes grievous hurt to theofficer executing the distress. As B has committed both the offence of resisting the distress,and the offence of voluntarily causing grievous hurt, B is liable to punishment for both theseoffences; and, if A knew that B was likely voluntarily to cause grievous hurt in resisting thedistress, A will also be liable to punishment for each of the offences.",,,,,,,,,, 53. When an act is abetted with the intention on the part of the abettor of causing a,,,,,,,,,, "particular effect, and an act for which the abettor is liable in consequence of the abetment,causes a different effect from that intended by the abettor, the abettor is liable for the effectcaused, in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had abetted the act with theintention of causing that effect, provided he knew that the act abetted was likely to causethat effect.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A instigates B to cause grievous hurt to Z. B, in consequence of the instigation,",,,,,,,,,, "causes grievous hurt to Z. Z dies in consequence. Here, if A knew that the grievous hurtabetted was likely to cause death, A is liable to be punished with the punishment providedfor murder.",,,,,,,,,, "54.Whenever any person, who is absent would be liable to be punished as an abettor,",,,,,,,,,, "is present when the act or offence for which he would be punishable in consequence of theabetment is committed, he shall be deemed to have committed such act or offence.",,,,,,,,,, 55. (1)Whoever abets the commission of an offence punishable with death or,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life, shall, if that offence be not committed in consequence of the abetment,and no express provision is made under this Sanhita for the punishment of such abetment, bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sevenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) If any act for which the abettor is liable in consequence of the abetment, and which",,,,,,,,,, "causes hurt to any person, is done, the abettor shall be liable to imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to fourteen years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A instigates B to murder Z. The offence is not committed. If B had murdered Z, he",,,,,,,,,, "would have been subject to the punishment of death or imprisonment for life. Therefore A isliable to imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and also to a fine; and ifany hurt be done to Z in consequence of the abetment, he will be liable to imprisonment fora term which may extend to fourteen years, and to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "56. (1)Whoever abets an offence punishable with imprisonment shall, if that offence",,,,,,,,,, "be not committed in consequence of the abetment, and no express provision is made by thisSanhita for the punishment of such abetment, be punished with imprisonment of anydescription provided for that offence for a term which may extend to one-fourth part of thelongest term provided for that offence; or with such fine as is provided for that offence, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) If the abettor or the person abetted is a public servant, whose duty it is to prevent",,,,,,,,,, "the commission of such offence, the abettor shall be punished with imprisonment of anydescription provided for that offence, for a term which may extend to one-half of the longestterm provided for that offence, or with such fine as is provided for the offence, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A instigates B to give false evidence. Here, if B does not give false evidence, A has",,,,,,,,,, "nevertheless committed the offence defined in this section, and is punishable accordingly.Liability ofabettor foreffect causedby act abetteddifferent fromthat intendedby abettor.",,,,,,,,,, Abettor,,,,,,,,,, present whenoffence iscommitted.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, offencepunishablewith death orimprisonmentfor life.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, offencepunishablewithimprisonment.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4521,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, a police-officer, whose duty it is to prevent robbery, abets the commission of",,,,,,,,,, "robbery. Here, though the robbery be not committed, A is liable to one-half of the longestterm of imprisonment provided for that offence, and also to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) B abets the commission of a robbery by A, a police-officer, whose duty it is to",,,,,,,,,, "prevent that offence. Here, though the robbery be not committed, B is liable to one-half of thelongest term of imprisonment provided for the offence of robbery, and also to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 57. Whoever abets the commission of an offence by the public generally or by any,,,,,,,,,, "number or class of persons exceeding ten, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to seven years and with fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, A affixes in a public place a placard instigating a sect consisting of more than ten,,,,,,,,,, "members to meet at a certain time and place, for the purpose of attacking the members of anadverse sect, while engaged in a procession. A has committed the offence defined in thissection.",,,,,,,,,, 58. Whoever intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby,,,,,,,,,, "facilitate the commission of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life,voluntarily conceals by any act or illegal omission, or by the use of encryption or any otherinformation hiding tool, the existence of a design to commit such offence or makes anyrepresentation which he knows to be false respecting such design shall,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if that offence be committed, be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, description for a term which may extend to seven years; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the offence be not committed, with imprisonment of either description, for",,,,,,,,,, "a term which may extend to three years,",,,,,,,,,, and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, knowing that dacoity is about to be committed at B, falsely informs the Magistrate",,,,,,,,,, "that a dacoity is about to be committed at C, a place in an opposite direction, and therebymisleads the Magistrate with intent to facilitate the commission of the offence. The dacoityis committed at B in pursuance of the design. A is punishable under this section.",,,,,,,,,, "59. Whoever, being a public servant, intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely",,,,,,,,,, "that he will thereby facilitate the commission of an offence which it is his duty as such publicservant to prevent, voluntarily conceals, by any act or illegal omission or by the use ofencryption or any other information hiding tool, the existence of a design to commit suchoffence, or makes any representation which he knows to be false respecting such designshall,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if the offence be committed, be punished with imprisonment of any description",,,,,,,,,, "provided for the offence, for a term which may extend to one-half of the longest term ofsuch imprisonment, or with such fine as is provided for that offence, or with both; or",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the offence be punishable with death or imprisonment for life, with",,,,,,,,,, imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years; or,,,,,,,,,, "(c) if the offence be not committed, shall be punished with imprisonment of any",,,,,,,,,, "description provided for the offence for a term which may extend to one-fourth part ofthe longest term of such imprisonment or with such fine as is provided for the offence,or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, an officer of police, being legally bound to give information of all designs to commit",,,,,,,,,, "robbery which may come to his knowledge, and knowing that B designs to commit robbery,omits to give such information, with intent to so facilitate the commission of that offence.Abettingcommission ofoffence bypublic or bymore than tenpersons.",,,,,,,,,, Concealing,,,,,,,,,, design tocommitoffencepunishablewith death orimprisonmentfor life.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, concealingdesign tocommitoffence whichit is his dutyto prevent.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4522,,,,,,,,,, "Here A has by an illegal omission concealed the existence of B’s design, and is liable to",,,,,,,,,, punishment according to the provision of this section.,,,,,,,,,, "60. Whoever, intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby",,,,,,,,,, "facilitate the commission of an offence punishable with imprisonment, voluntarily conceals,by any act or illegal omission, the existence of a design to commit such offence, or makes anyrepresentation which he knows to be false respecting such design shall,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if the offence be committed, be punished with imprisonment of the description",,,,,,,,,, "provided for the offence, for a term which may extend to one-fourth; and",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the offence be not committed, to one-eighth, of the longest term of such",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment, or with such fine as is provided for the offence, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal conspiracy,,,,,,,,,, "61. (1)When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done––",,,,,,,,,, (a) an illegal act; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) an act which is not illegal by illegal means, such an agreement is designated",,,,,,,,,, a criminal conspiracy:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that no agreement except an agreement to commit an offence shall amount to,,,,,,,,,, a criminal conspiracy unless some act besides the agreement is done by one or more partiesto such agreement in pursuance thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— It is immaterial whether the illegal act is the ultimate object of such,,,,,,,,,, "agreement, or is merely incidental to that object.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) to commit an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or rigorous",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for a term of two years or upwards, shall, where no express provision ismade in this Sanhita for the punishment of such a conspiracy, be punished in the samemanner as if he had abetted such offence;",,,,,,,,,, (b) other than a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable as aforesaid,,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding sixmonths, or with fine or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Of attempt,,,,,,,,,, 62. Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by this Sanhita with,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life or imprisonment, or to cause such an offence to be committed, and insuch attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall, where no expressprovision is made by this Sanhita for the punishment of such attempt, be punished withimprisonment of any description provided for the offence, for a term which may extend toone-half of the imprisonment for life or, as the case may be, one-half of the longest term ofimprisonment provided for that offence, or with such fine as is provided for the offence, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, " (a) A makes an attempt to steal some jewels by breaking open a box, and finds after so",,,,,,,,,, "opening the box, that there is no jewel in it. He has done an act towards the commission oftheft, and therefore is guilty under this section.",,,,,,,,,, (b) A makes an attempt to pick the pocket of Z by thrusting his hand into Z’s pocket. A,,,,,,,,,, fails in the attempt in consequence of Z’s having nothing in his pocket. A is guilty under thissection.Concealingdesign tocommitoffencepunishablewithimprisonment.,,,,,,,,,, Criminal,,,,,,,,,, conspiracy.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment for,,,,,,,,,, attempting tocommitoffencespunishable withimprisonmentfor life orotherimprisonment.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4023,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER V,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMAN AND CHILDREN,,,,,,,,,, Of Sexual offences,,,,,,,,,, 63. A man is said to commit “rape” if he—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of",,,,,,,,,, a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) inserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the body, not being the penis,",,,,,,,,,, "into the vagina, the urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so with him or anyother person; or",,,,,,,,,, (c) manipulates any part of the body of a woman so as to cause penetration into,,,,,,,,,, "the vagina, urethra, anus or any part of body of such woman or makes her to do so withhim or any other person; or",,,,,,,,,, "(d) applies his mouth to the vagina, anus, urethra of a woman or makes her to do",,,,,,,,,, "so with him or any other person,",,,,,,,,,, under the circumstances falling under any of the following seven descriptions: —,,,,,,,,,, (i) against her will.,,,,,,,,,, (ii) without her consent.,,,,,,,,,, " (iii) with her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or",,,,,,,,,, "any person in whom she is interested, in fear of death or of hurt.",,,,,,,,,, " (iv) with her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband and that",,,,,,,,,, her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is orbelieves herself to be lawfully married.,,,,,,,,,, " (v) with her consent when, at the time of giving such consent, by reason of",,,,,,,,,, "mental illness or intoxication or the administration by him personally or through anotherof any stupefying or unwholesome substance, she is unable to understand the natureand consequences of that to which she gives consent.",,,,,,,,,, "(vi) with or without her consent, when she is under eighteen years of age.",,,,,,,,,, (vii) when she is unable to communicate consent.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this section, “vagina” shall also include labia",,,,,,,,,, majora.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2. —Consent means an unequivocal voluntary agreement when the woman,,,,,,,,,, "by words, gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal communication, communicateswillingness to participate in the specific sexual act:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that a woman who does not physically resist to the act of penetration shall,,,,,,,,,, "not by the reason only of that fact, be regarded as consenting to the sexual activity.",,,,,,,,,, Exception. 1––A medical procedure or intervention shall not constitute rape.,,,,,,,,,, "Exception. 2––Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife",,,,,,,,,, "not being under eighteen years of age, is not rape.",,,,,,,,,, "64. (1)Whoever, except in the cases provided for in sub-section ( 2), commits rape,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment of either description for a term which shall notbe less than ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liableto fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever,—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) being a police officer, commits rape,—Rape.",,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for rape.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4024,,,,,,,,,, (i) within the limits of the police station to which such police officer is,,,,,,,,,, appointed; or,,,,,,,,,, (ii) in the premises of any station house; or,,,,,,,,,, (iii) on a woman in such police officer’s custody or in the custody of a,,,,,,,,,, police officer subordinate to such police officer; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) being a public servant, commits rape on a woman in such public servant’s",,,,,,,,,, custody or in the custody of a public servant subordinate to such public servant; or,,,,,,,,,, (c) being a member of the armed forces deployed in an area by the Central,,,,,,,,,, Government or a State Government commits rape in such area; or,,,,,,,,,, "(d) being on the management or on the staff of a jail, remand home or other place",,,,,,,,,, "of custody established by or under any law for the time being in force or of a women’sor children’s institution, commits rape on any inmate of such jail, remand home, placeor institution; or",,,,,,,,,, "(e) being on the management or on the staff of a hospital, commits rape on a",,,,,,,,,, woman in that hospital; or,,,,,,,,,, "(f) being a relative, guardian or teacher of, or a person in a position of trust or",,,,,,,,,, "authority towards the woman, commits rape on such woman; or",,,,,,,,,, (g) commits rape during communal or sectarian violence; or,,,,,,,,,, (h) commits rape on a woman knowing her to be pregnant; or,,,,,,,,,, "(i) commits rape, on a woman incapable of giving consent; or",,,,,,,,,, "(j) being in a position of control or dominance over a woman, commits rape on",,,,,,,,,, such woman; or,,,,,,,,,, (k) commits rape on a woman suffering from mental illness or physical disability; or,,,,,,,,,, (l) while committing rape causes grievous bodily harm or maims or disfigures or,,,,,,,,,, endangers the life of a woman; or,,,,,,,,,, "(m) commits rape repeatedly on the same woman,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten,,,,,,,,,, "years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for theremainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation. —For the purposes of this sub-section,—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) “armed forces” means the naval, army and air forces and includes any member",,,,,,,,,, "of the Armed Forces constituted under any law for the time being in force, includingthe paramilitary forces and any auxiliary forces that are under the control of the CentralGovernment or the State Government;",,,,,,,,,, (b) “hospital” means the precincts of the hospital and includes the precincts of,,,,,,,,,, any institution for the reception and treatment of persons during convalescence or ofpersons requiring medical attention or rehabilitation;,,,,,,,,,, (c) “police officer” shall have the same meaning as assigned to the expression,,,,,,,,,, "“police” under the Police Act, 1861;",,,,,,,,,, "(d) “women’s or children’s institution” means an institution, whether called an",,,,,,,,,, "orphanage or a home for neglected women or children or a widow’s home or aninstitution called by any other name, which is established and maintained for thereception and care of women or children.",,,,,,,,,, 5 of 1861.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4025,,,,,,,,,, "65. (1) Whoever, commits rape on a woman under sixteen years of age shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years,but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for theremainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also be liable to fine:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and,,,,,,,,,, rehabilitation of the victim:,,,,,,,,,, Provided further that any fine imposed under this sub-section shall be paid to the,,,,,,,,,, victim.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, commits rape on a woman under twelve years of age shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but whichmay extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of thatperson’s natural life, and with fine or with death:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and,,,,,,,,,, rehabilitation of the victim:,,,,,,,,,, "Provided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim.66. Whoever, commits an offence punishable under sub-section ( 1) or sub-section ( 2)",,,,,,,,,, "of section 64 and in the course of such commission inflicts an injury which causes the deathof the woman or causes the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state, shall be punishedwith rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but whichmay extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of thatperson’s natural life, or with death.",,,,,,,,,, "67. Whoever has sexual intercourse with his own wife, who is living separately, whether",,,,,,,,,, "under a decree of separation or otherwise, without her consent, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than two years butwhich may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— In this section, “sexual intercourse” shall mean any of the acts mentioned",,,,,,,,,, in clauses ( a) to ( d) of section 63.,,,,,,,,,, "68. Whoever, being—",,,,,,,,,, (a) in a position of authority or in a fiduciary relationship; or,,,,,,,,,, (b) a public servant; or,,,,,,,,,, "(c) superintendent or manager of a jail, remand home or other place of custody",,,,,,,,,, "established by or under any law for the time being in force, or a women’s or children’sinstitution; or",,,,,,,,,, "(d) on the management of a hospital or being on the staff of a hospital, abuses",,,,,,,,,, "such position or fiduciary relationship to induce or seduce any woman either in hiscustody or under his charge or present in the premises to have sexual intercourse withhim, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not,,,,,,,,,, "be less than five years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—In this section, “sexual intercourse” shall mean any of the acts",,,,,,,,,, mentioned in clauses ( a) to ( d) of section 63.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this section, Explanation 1 to section 63 shall",,,,,,,,,, also be applicable.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 3. —“Superintendent”, in relation to a jail, remand home or other place of",,,,,,,,,, "custody or a women’s or children’s institution, includes a person holding any other office insuch jail, remand home, place or institution by virtue of which such person can exercise anyauthority or control over its inmates.Punishmentfor rape incertain cases.",,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for causingdeath orresulting inpersistentvegetativestate ofvictim.,,,,,,,,,, Sexual,,,,,,,,,, intercourse byhusband uponhis wife duringseparation orby person inauthority.,,,,,,,,,, Sexual,,,,,,,,,, intercourse byperson inauthority.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4526,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 4.—The expressions “hospital” and “women’s or children’s institution”,,,,,,,,,, shall respectively have the same meaning as in Explanation to sub-section ( 2) of section 64.,,,,,,,,,, "69. Whoever, by deceitful means or making by promise to marry to a woman without",,,,,,,,,, "any intention of fulfilling the same, and has sexual intercourse with her, such sexual intercoursenot amounting to the offence of rape, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.––– “deceitful means” shall include the false promise of employment or,,,,,,,,,, "promotion, inducement or marring after suppressing identity.",,,,,,,,,, 70. (1)Where a woman is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting,,,,,,,,,, "in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committedthe offence of rape and shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shallnot be less than twenty years, but which may extend to life which shall mean imprisonmentfor the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and,,,,,,,,,, rehabilitation of the victim:,,,,,,,,,, Provided further that any fine imposed under this sub-section shall be paid to the,,,,,,,,,, victim.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Where a woman under eighteen years of age is raped by one or more persons,,,,,,,,,, "constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those personsshall be deemed to have committed the offence of rape and shall be punished withimprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’snatural life, and with fine, or with death:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and,,,,,,,,,, rehabilitation of the victim:,,,,,,,,,, Provided further that any fine imposed under this sub-section shall be paid to the,,,,,,,,,, victim.,,,,,,,,,, 71. Whoever has been previously convicted of an offence punishable under,,,,,,,,,, "section 63 or section 64 or section 65 or section 66 or section 67 and is subsequentlyconvicted of an offence punishable under any of the said sections shall be punished withimprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’snatural life, or with death.",,,,,,,,,, 72. (1) Whoever prints or publishes the name or any matter which may make known,,,,,,,,,, the identity of any person against whom an offence under section 63 or section 64 or section65 or section 66 or section 67 or section 68 is alleged or found to have been committed(hereafter in this section referred to as the victim) shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to two years and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Nothing in sub-section ( 1) extends to any printing or publication of the name or,,,,,,,,,, any matter which may make known the identity of the victim if such printing or publicationis—,,,,,,,,,, (a) by or under the order in writing of the officer-in-charge of the police station,,,,,,,,,, or the police officer making the investigation into such offence acting in good faith forthe purposes of such investigation; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) by, or with the authorisation in writing of, the victim; or",,,,,,,,,, "(c) where the victim is dead or minor or person with mental illness, by, or with the",,,,,,,,,, "authorisation in writing of, the next of kin of the victim:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that no such authorisation shall be given by the next of kin to anybody,,,,,,,,,, "other than the chairman or the secretary, by whatever name called, of any recognisedwelfare institution or organisation.Sexualintercourseby employingdeceitfulmeans, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Gang rape.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for repeatoffenders.,,,,,,,,,, Disclosure of,,,,,,,,,, "identity ofvictim ofcertainoffences, etc.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4527,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— For the purposes of this sub-section, “recognised welfare institution",,,,,,,,,, or organisation” means a social welfare institution or organisation recognised in this behalfby the Central Government or State Government.,,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever prints or publishes any matter in relation to any proceeding before a,,,,,,,,,, court with respect to an offence referred to in sub-section ( 1) without the previous permission,,,,,,,,,, of such court shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to two years and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— The printing or publication of the judgment of any High Court or the,,,,,,,,,, Supreme Court does not amount to an offence within the meaning of this section.,,,,,,,,,, Of criminal force and assult against women,,,,,,,,,, "73. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman, intending to outrage or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that he will there by outrage her modesty, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than one year but whichmay extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 74. (1) A man committing any of the following acts—,,,,,,,,,, (i) physical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual,,,,,,,,,, overtures; or,,,,,,,,,, (ii) a demand or request for sexual favours; or,,,,,,,,,, (iii) showing pornography against the will of a woman; or,,,,,,,,,, "(iv) making sexually coloured remarks,",,,,,,,,,, shall be guilty of the offence of sexual harassment.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Any man who commits the offence specified in clause ( i) or clause ( ii) or clause ( iii),,,,,,,,,, of sub-section ( 1) shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend,,,,,,,,,, "to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Any man who commits the offence specified in clause ( iv) of sub-section ( 1) shall,,,,,,,,,, "be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year,or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 75. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman or abets such act with the,,,,,,,,,, "intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend toseven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "76. Whoever watches, or captures the image of a woman engaging in a private act in",,,,,,,,,, "circumstances where she would usually have the expectation of not being observed eitherby the perpetrator or by any other person at the behest of the perpetrator or disseminatessuch image shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description fora term which shall not be less than one year, but which may extend to three years, and shallalso be liable to fine, and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonmentof either description for a term which shall not be less than three years, but which may extendto seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—For the purpose of this section, “private act” includes an act of",,,,,,,,,, "watching carried out in a place which, in the circumstances, would reasonably be expected toprovide privacy and where the victim’s genitals, posterior or breasts are exposed or coveredonly in underwear; or the victim is using a lavatory; or the victim is doing a sexual act that isnot of a kind ordinarily done in public.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—Where the victim consents to the capture of the images or any act,",,,,,,,,,, "but not to their dissemination to third persons and where such image or act is disseminated,such dissemination shall be considered an offence under this section.Assault orcriminal forceto womanwith intent tooutrage hermodesty.",,,,,,,,,, Sexual,,,,,,,,,, harassmentandpunishmentfor sexualharassment.,,,,,,,,,, Assault or use,,,,,,,,,, of criminalforce towoman withintent todisrobe.,,,,,,,,,, Voyeurism.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4528,,,,,,,,,, 77. (1) Any man who—,,,,,,,,,, "(i) follows a woman and contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster",,,,,,,,,, personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such woman; or,,,,,,,,,, "(ii) monitors the use by a woman of the internet, e-mail or any other form of",,,,,,,,,, "electronic communication,",,,,,,,,,, commits the offence of stalking:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that such conduct shall not amount to stalking if the man who pursued it,,,,,,,,,, proves that—,,,,,,,,,, (i) it was pursued for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime and the man,,,,,,,,,, accused of stalking had been entrusted with the responsibility of prevention anddetection of crime by the State; or,,,,,,,,,, (ii) it was pursued under any law or to comply with any condition or requirement,,,,,,,,,, imposed by any person under any law; or,,,,,,,,,, (iii) in the particular circumstances such conduct was reasonable and justified.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits the offence of stalking shall be punished on first conviction with,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall alsobe liable to fine; and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "78. Whoever, intending to insult the modesty of any woman, utters any words, makes",,,,,,,,,, "any sound or gesture, or exhibits any object in any form, intending that such word or soundshall be heard, or that such gesture or object shall be seen, by such woman, or intrudes uponthe privacy of such woman, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which mayextend to three years, and also with fine.",,,,,,,,,, Of offences relating to marriage,,,,,,,,,, 79. (1) Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs,,,,,,,,,, "otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it isshown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husbandor any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such deathshall be called “dowry death”, and such husband or relative shall be deemed to have causedher death.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— For the purposes of this sub-section, “dowry” shall have the same",,,,,,,,,, "meaning as in section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits dowry death shall be punished with imprisonment for a term,,,,,,,,,, which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment for life.,,,,,,,,,, 80. Every man who by deceit causes any woman who is not lawfully married to him to,,,,,,,,,, believe that she is lawfully married to him and to cohabit or have sexual intercourse with him,,,,,,,,,, "in that belief, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, " 81. (1) Whoever, having a husband or wife living, marries in any case in which such",,,,,,,,,, "marriage is void by reason of its taking place during the life of such husband or wife, shall be",,,,,,,,,, punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven,,,,,,,,,, "years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Exception.— This sub-section does not extend to any person whose marriage with,,,,,,,,,, "such husband or wife has been declared void by a Court of competent jurisdiction, nor to",,,,,,,,,, "any person who contracts a marriage during the life of a former husband or wife, if such",,,,,,,,,, "husband or wife, at the time of the subsequent marriage, shall have been continually absentStalking.",,,,,,,,,, "Word, gesture",,,,,,,,,, or actintended toinsult modestyof woman.,,,,,,,,,, Dowry death.,,,,,,,,,, Cohabitation,,,,,,,,,, caused by mandeceitfullyinducingbelief of lawfulmarriage.,,,,,,,,,, Marrying,,,,,,,,,, again duringlifetime ofhusband orwife.28 of 1961.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4529,,,,,,,,,, "from such person for the space of seven years, and shall not have been heard of by such",,,,,,,,,, "person as being alive within that time provided the person contracting such subsequentmarriage shall, before such marriage takes place, inform the person with whom such marriageis contracted of the real state of facts so far as the same are within his or her knowledge.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits the offence under sub-section ( 1) having concealed from the,,,,,,,,,, "person with whom the subsequent marriage is contracted, the fact of the former marriage,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to tenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "82. Whoever, dishonestly or with a fraudulent intention, goes through the ceremony",,,,,,,,,, "of being married, knowing that he is not thereby lawfully married, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 83. Whoever takes or entices away any woman who is and whom he knows or has,,,,,,,,,, "reason to believe to be the wife of any other man,with intent that she may have illicit intercoursewith any person, or conceals or detains with that intent any such woman, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or withfine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "84. Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects",,,,,,,,,, such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend tothree years and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— For the purposes of this section, “cruelty” means—",,,,,,,,,, (a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman,,,,,,,,,, "to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whethermental or physical) of the woman; or",,,,,,,,,, (b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing,,,,,,,,,, her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property orvaluable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meetsuch demand.,,,,,,,,,, "85. Whoever kidnaps or abducts any woman with intent that she may be compelled, or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that she will be compelled, to marry any person against her will, or inorder that she may be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse, or knowing it to be likely thatshe will be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;and whoever, by means of criminal intimidation as defined in this Sanhita or of abuse ofauthority or any other method of compulsion, induces any woman to go from any place withintent that she may be, or knowing that it is likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicitintercourse with another person shall also be punishable as aforesaid.",,,,,,,,,, "Of the causing of miscarriage, etc.",,,,,,,,,, "86. Whoever voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry, shall, if such miscarriage",,,,,,,,,, "be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman, be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, orwith both; and, if the woman be quick with child, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— A woman who causes herself to miscarry, is within the meaning of this section.",,,,,,,,,, "87. Whoever commits the offence under section 86 without the consent of the woman,",,,,,,,,,, "whether the woman is quick with child or not, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, orwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shallalso be liable to fine.Marriageceremonyfraudulentlygone throughwithout lawfulmarriage.",,,,,,,,,, Enticing or,,,,,,,,,, taking away ordetaining withcriminalintent marriedwoman.,,,,,,,,,, Husband or,,,,,,,,,, relative ofhusband ofwomansubjecting herto cruelty.,,,,,,,,,, "Kidnapping,",,,,,,,,,, "abducting orinducingwoman tocompel hermarriage, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Causing,,,,,,,,,, miscarriage.,,,,,,,,,, Causing,,,,,,,,,, miscarriagewithout woman'sconsent.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4530,,,,,,,,,, "88. (1) Whoever, with intent to cause the miscarriage of a woman with child, does any",,,,,,,,,, "act which causes the death of such woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Where the act referred to in sub-section ( 1) is done without the consent of the,,,,,,,,,, "woman, shall be punishable either with imprisonment for life, or with the punishment specifiedin said sub-section.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— It is not essential to this offence that the offender should know that,,,,,,,,,, the act is likely to cause death.,,,,,,,,,, 89. Whoever before the birth of any child does any act with the intention of thereby,,,,,,,,,, "preventing that child from being born alive or causing it to die after its birth, and does bysuch act prevent that child from being born alive, or causes it to die after its birth, shall, ifsuch act be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the mother, bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "90. Whoever does any act under such circumstances, that if he thereby caused death",,,,,,,,,, "he would be guilty of culpable homicide, and does by such act cause the death of a quickunborn child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, knowing that he is likely to cause the death of a pregnant woman, does an act",,,,,,,,,, "which, if it caused the death of the woman, would amount to culpable homicide. The womanis injured, but does not die; but the death of an unborn quick child with which she ispregnant is thereby caused. A is guilty of the offence defined in this section.",,,,,,,,,, Of offences against children,,,,,,,,,, "91. Whoever being the father or mother of a child under the age of twelve years, or",,,,,,,,,, "having the care of such child, shall expose or leave such child in any place with the intentionof wholly abandoning such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— This section is not intended to prevent the trial of the offender for,,,,,,,,,, "murder or culpable homicide, as the case may be, if the child die in consequence of theexposure.",,,,,,,,,, "92. Whoever, by secretly burying or otherwise disposing of the dead body of a child",,,,,,,,,, "whether such child die before or after or during its birth, intentionally conceals or endeavoursto conceal the birth of such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "93. Whoever hires, employs or engages any person below the age of eighteen years",,,,,,,,,, to commit an offence shall be punished with imprisonment of either description or fineprovided for that offence as if the offence has been committed by such person himself.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— Hiring, employing, engaging or using a child for sexual exploitation or",,,,,,,,,, pornography is covered within the meaning of this section.,,,,,,,,,, "94. Whoever, by any means whatsoever, induces any child below the age of eighteen",,,,,,,,,, "years to go from any place or to do any act with intent that such child below the age ofeighteen years may be, or knowing that it is likely that such child will be, forced or seducedto illicit intercourse with another person shall be punishable with imprisonment which mayextend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 95. Whoever kidnaps or abducts any child under the age of ten years with the intention,,,,,,,,,, "of taking dishonestly any movable property from the person of such child, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shallalso be liable to fine.Death causedby act donewith intent tocausemiscarriage.",,,,,,,,,, Act done with,,,,,,,,,, intent toprevent childbeing bornalive or tocause it to dieafter birth.,,,,,,,,,, Causing death,,,,,,,,,, of quickunborn childby actamounting toculpablehomicide.,,,,,,,,,, Exposure and,,,,,,,,,, "abandonmentof child undertwelve years,by parent orperson havingcare of it.",,,,,,,,,, Concealment,,,,,,,,,, of birth bysecret disposalof dead body.,,,,,,,,,, "Hiring,",,,,,,,,,, employing orengaging achild tocommit anoffence.,,,,,,,,,, Procuration of,,,,,,,,,, child.,,,,,,,,,, Kidnapping or,,,,,,,,,, abducting childunder tenyears with,,,,,,,,,, intent to steal,,,,,,,,,, from itsperson.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4531,,,,,,,,,, "96. Whoever sells, lets to hire, or otherwise disposes of child below eighteen years of",,,,,,,,,, "age with intent that such child shall at any age be employed or used for the purpose ofprostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or for any unlawful and immoral purpose, orknowing it to be likely that such person will at any age be employed or used for any suchpurpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—When a female under the age of eighteen years is sold, let for hire, or",,,,,,,,,, "otherwise disposed of to a prostitute or to any person who keeps or manages a brothel, theperson so disposing of such female shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to havedisposed of her with the intent that she shall be used for the purpose of prostitution.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this section “illicit intercourse” means sexual,,,,,,,,,, "intercourse between persons not united by marriage or by any union or tie which, thoughnot amounting to a marriage, is recognised by the personal law or custom of the communityto which they belong or, where they belong to different communities, of both suchcommunities, as constituting between them a quasi -marital relation.",,,,,,,,,, "97. Whoever buys, hires or otherwise obtains possession of any child below the age",,,,,,,,,, "of eighteen years with intent that such person shall at any age be employed or used for thepurpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or for any unlawful and immoralpurpose, or knowing it to be likely that such child will at any age be employed or used for anysuch purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichshall not be less than seven years but which may extend to fourteen years, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—Any prostitute or any person keeping or managing a brothel, who",,,,,,,,,, "buys, hires or otherwise obtains possession of a female under the age of eighteen yearsshall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have obtained possession of such femalewith the intent that she shall be used for the purpose of prostitution.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—“Illicit intercourse” has the same meaning as in section 96.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER VI,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMAN BODY,,,,,,,,,, Of offences affecting life,,,,,,,,,, "98. Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death,",,,,,,,,,, "or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, or with theknowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commits the offence of culpablehomicide.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A lays sticks and turf over a pit, with the intention of thereby causing death, or with",,,,,,,,,, "the knowledge that death is likely to be thereby caused. Z, believing the ground to be firm,treads on it, falls in and is killed. A has committed the offence of culpable homicide.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A knows Z to be behind a bush. B does not know it. A, intending to cause, or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely to cause Z’s death, induces B to fire at the bush. B fires and kills Z.Here B may be guilty of no offence; but A has committed the offence of culpable homicide.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, by shooting at a fowl with intent to kill and steal it, kills B, who is behind a bush;",,,,,,,,,, "A not knowing that he was there. Here, although A was doing an unlawful act, he was notguilty of culpable homicide, as he did not intend to kill B, or to cause death by doing an actthat he knew was likely to cause death.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—A person who causes bodily injury to another who is labouring,,,,,,,,,, "under a disorder, disease or bodily infirmity, and thereby accelerates the death of that other,shall be deemed to have caused his death.Selling childfor purposesofprostitution,etc.",,,,,,,,,, Buying child,,,,,,,,,, "for purposes ofprostitution,etc.",,,,,,,,,, Culpable,,,,,,,,,, homicide.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4532,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—Where death is caused by bodily injury, the person who causes such",,,,,,,,,, "bodily injury shall be deemed to have caused the death, although by resorting to properremedies and skilful treatment the death might have been prevented.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 3.—The causing of the death of a child in the mother’s womb is not,,,,,,,,,, "homicide. But it may amount to culpable homicide to cause the death of a living child, if anypart of that child has been brought forth, though the child may not have breathed or beencompletely born.",,,,,,,,,, "99. Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing,,,,,,,,,, death; or,,,,,,,,,, (b) if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing,,,,,,,,,, such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the personto whom the harm is caused; or,,,,,,,,,, (c) if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing,,,,,,,,,, bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficientin the ordinary course of nature to cause death; or,,,,,,,,,, "(d) if the person committing the act by which the death is caused, knows that it",,,,,,,,,, "is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death, or such bodilyinjury as is likely to cause death, and commits such act without any excuse for incurring",,,,,,,,,, the risk of causing death or such injury as aforesaid.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A shoots Z with the intention of killing him. Z dies in consequence. A commits,,,,,,,,,, murder.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, knowing that Z is labouring under such a disease that a blow is likely to cause",,,,,,,,,, "his death, strikes him with the intention of causing bodily injury. Z dies in consequence of",,,,,,,,,, "the blow. A is guilty of murder, although the blow might not have been sufficient in the",,,,,,,,,, "ordinary course of nature to cause the death of a person in a sound state of health. But if A,not knowing that Z is labouring under any disease, gives him such a blow as would not in the",,,,,,,,,, "ordinary course of nature kill a person in a sound state of health, here A, although he may",,,,,,,,,, "intend to cause bodily injury, is not guilty of murder, if he did not intend to cause death, orsuch bodily injury as in the ordinary course of nature would cause death.",,,,,,,,,, (c) A intentionally gives Z a sword-cut or club-wound sufficient to cause the death of,,,,,,,,,, "a man in the ordinary course of nature. Z dies in consequence. Here A is guilty of murder,although he may not have intended to cause Z’s death.",,,,,,,,,, (d) A without any excuse fires a loaded cannon into a crowd of persons and kills one,,,,,,,,,, "of them. A is guilty of murder, although he may not have had a premeditated design to kill anyparticular individual.",,,,,,,,,, "Exception 1.—Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, whilst deprived of the",,,,,,,,,, "power of self-control by grave and sudden provocation, causes the death of the person whogave the provocation or causes the death of any other person by mistake or accident:",,,,,,,,,, "Provided that the provocation is not,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) sought or voluntarily provoked by the offender as an excuse for killing or,,,,,,,,,, doing harm to any person;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) given by anything done in obedience to the law, or by a public servant in the",,,,,,,,,, lawful exercise of the powers of such public servant;,,,,,,,,,, (c) given by anything done in the lawful exercise of the right of private defence.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— Whether the provocation was grave and sudden enough to prevent,,,,,,,,,, the offence from amounting to murder is a question of fact.Murder.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4533,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, under the influence of passion excited by a provocation given by Z, intentionally",,,,,,,,,, "kills Y , Z’s child. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was not given by the child, andthe death of the child was not caused by accident or misfortune in doing an act caused by theprovocation.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) Y gives grave and sudden provocation to A. A, on this provocation, fires a pistol at",,,,,,,,,, "Y , neither intending nor knowing himself to be likely to kill Z, who is near him, but out of sight.A kills Z. Here A has not committed murder, but merely culpable homicide.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A is lawfully arrested by Z, a bailiff. A is excited to sudden and violent passion by",,,,,,,,,, "the arrest, and kills Z. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was given by a thingdone by a public servant in the exercise of his powers.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A appears as a witness before Z, a Magistrate. Z says that he does not believe a",,,,,,,,,, "word of A’s deposition, and that A has perjured himself. A is moved to sudden passion bythese words, and kills Z. This is murder.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A attempts to pull Z’s nose. Z, in the exercise of the right of private defence, lays",,,,,,,,,, "hold of A to prevent him from doing so. A is moved to sudden and violent passion inconsequence, and kills Z. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was giving by a thing",,,,,,,,,, done in the exercise of the right of private defence.,,,,,,,,,, "(f) Z strikes B. B is by this provocation excited to violent rage. A, a bystander, intending",,,,,,,,,, "to take advantage of B’s rage, and to cause him to kill Z, puts a knife into B’s hand for thatpurpose. B kills Z with the knife. Here B may have committed only culpable homicide, but Ais guilty of murder.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 2.— Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender in the exercise in good,,,,,,,,,, "faith of the right of private defence of person or property, exceeds the power given to him by",,,,,,,,,, "law and causes the death of the person against whom he is exercising such right of defencewithout premeditation, and without any intention of doing more harm than is necessary forthe purpose of such defence.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "Z attempts to horsewhip A, not in such a manner as to cause grievous hurt to A. A",,,,,,,,,, draws out a pistol. Z persists in the assault. A believing in good faith that he can by no other,,,,,,,,,, "means prevent himself from being horsewhipped, shoots Z dead. A has not committedmurder, but only culpable homicide.",,,,,,,,,, "Exception 3.—Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, being a public servant",,,,,,,,,, "or aiding a public servant acting for the advancement of public justice, exceeds the powersgiven to him by law, and causes death by doing an act which he, in good faith, believes to be",,,,,,,,,, lawful and necessary for the due discharge of his duty as such public servant and without,,,,,,,,,, ill-will towards the person whose death is caused.,,,,,,,,,, Exception 4.—Culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation,,,,,,,,,, in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender’shaving taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— It is immaterial in such cases which party offers the provocation or,,,,,,,,,, commits the first assault.,,,,,,,,,, "Exception 5.—Culpable homicide is not murder when the person whose death is caused,",,,,,,,,,, "being above the age of eighteen years, suffers death or takes the risk of death with his ownconsent.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, by instigation, voluntarily causes Z, a person under eighteen years of age to",,,,,,,,,, "commit suicide. Here, on account of Z’s youth, he was incapable of giving consent to hisown death; A has therefore abetted murder.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4534,,,,,,,,,, "100. If a person, by doing anything which he intends or knows to be likely to cause",,,,,,,,,, "death, commits culpable homicide by causing the death of any person, whose death heneither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause, the culpable homicide committed bythe offender is of the description of which it would have been if he had caused the death ofthe person whose death he intended or knew himself to be likely to cause.",,,,,,,,,, 101. (1) Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death or imprisonment for,,,,,,,,,, "life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (2) When a group of five or more persons acting in concert commits murder on the,,,,,,,,,, "ground of race, caste or community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any otherground each member of such group shall be punished with death or with imprisonment forlife or imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "102. Whoever, being under sentence of imprisonment for life, commits murder, shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punished with death or with imprisonment for life, which shall mean the remainder of thatperson’s natural life.",,,,,,,,,, "103. Whoever commits culpable homicide not amounting to murder, shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not beless than five years but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine, if theact by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death, or of causingsuch bodily injury as is likely to cause death; or with imprisonment of either description fora term which may extend to ten years and with fine, if the act is done with the knowledge thatit is likely to cause death, but without any intention to cause death, or to cause such bodilyinjury as is likely to cause death.",,,,,,,,,, 104. (1) Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act,,,,,,,,,, "not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever causes death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not,,,,,,,,,, "amounting to culpable homicide and escapes from the scene of incident or fails to report theincident to a Police officer or Magistrate soon after the incident, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description of a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "105. If any person under eighteen years of age, any person with mental illness, any",,,,,,,,,, "delirious person or any person in a state of intoxication, commits suicide, whoever abets thecommission of such suicide, shall be punished with death or imprisonment for life, orimprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "106. If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to tenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "107. (1) Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge, and under such",,,,,,,,,, "circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of murder, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,and shall also be liable to fine; and if hurt is caused to any person by such act, the offendershall be liable either to imprisonment for life, or to such punishment as is hereinbeforementioned.",,,,,,,,,, (2) When any person offending under sub-section ( 1) is under sentence of imprisonment,,,,,,,,,, "for life, he may, if hurt is caused, be punished with death or with imprisonment for life, whichshall mean the remainder of that person’s natural life.Culpablehomicide bycausing deathof personother thanperson whosedeath wasintended.",,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for murder.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for murder bylife-convict.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for culpablehomicide notamounting tomurder.,,,,,,,,,, Causing death,,,,,,,,,, by negligence.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, suicide of childor person withmental illness.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, suicide.,,,,,,,,,, Attempt to,,,,,,,,,, murder.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4535,,,,,,,,,, Illustration s.,,,,,,,,,, " (a) A shoots at Z with intention to kill him, under such circumstances that, if death",,,,,,,,,, ensued A would be guilty of murder. A is liable to punishment under this section.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, with the intention of causing the death of a child of tender years, exposes it in a",,,,,,,,,, "desert place. A has committed the offence defined by this section, though the death of thechild does not ensue.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, intending to murder Z, buys a gun and loads it. A has not yet committed the",,,,,,,,,, "offence. A fires the gun at Z. He has committed the offence defined in this section, and, if bysuch firing he wounds Z, he is liable to the punishment provided by the latter part of the firstparagraph of this section.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A, intending to murder Z by poison, purchases poison and mixes the same with",,,,,,,,,, food which remains in A’s keeping; A has not yet committed the offence defined in thissection. A places the food on Z’s table or delivers it to Z’s servants to place it on Z’s table. Ahas committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, 108. Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge and under such,,,,,,,,,, "circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of culpable homicidenot amounting to murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if hurt is caused to anyperson by such act, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration .,,,,,,,,,, "A, on grave and sudden provocation, fires a pistol at Z, under such circumstances that",,,,,,,,,, if he thereby caused death he would be guilty of culpable homicide not amounting to murder.A has committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, "109. (1) Any continuing unlawful activity including kidnapping, robbery, vehicle theft,",,,,,,,,,, "extortion, land grabbing, contract killing, economic offences, cyber-crimes having severeconsequences, trafficking in people, drugs, illicit goods or services and weapons, humantrafficking racket for prostitution or ransom by the effort of groups of individuals acting inconcert, singly or jointly, either as a member of an organised crime syndicate or on behalf ofsuch syndicate, by use of violence, threat of violence, intimidation, coercion, corruption orrelated activities or other unlawful means to obtain direct or indirect, material benefit includinga financial benefit, shall constitute organised crime.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.— For the purposes of this sub-section,––",,,,,,,,,, "(i) ‘‘benefit’’ includes property, advantage, service, entertainment, the use of or",,,,,,,,,, "access to property or facilities, and anything of benefit to a person whether or not ithas any inherent or tangible value, purpose or attribute;",,,,,,,,,, (ii) “organised crime syndicate” means a criminal organisation or group of three,,,,,,,,,, "or more persons who, acting either singly or collectively in concert, as a syndicate,gang, mafia, or (crime) ring indulging in commission of one or more serious offences orinvolved in gang criminality, racketeering, and syndicated organised crime;",,,,,,,,,, "(iii) “continuing unlawful activity” means an activity prohibited by law, which is",,,,,,,,,, "a cognizable offence undertaken either singly or jointly, as a member of an organisedcrime syndicate or on behalf of such syndicate in respect of which more than onecharge-sheets have been filed before a competent court within the preceding period often years and that court has taken cognizance of such offence;",,,,,,,,,, "(iv) “economic offences” include criminal breach of trust; for gery, counterfeiting",,,,,,,,,, "of currency and valuable securities, financial scams, running Ponzi schemes,mass-marketing fraud or multi-level marketing schemes with a view to defraud thepeople at large for obtaining the monetary benefits or large scale organised betting inany form, offences of money laundering and hawala transactions.Attempt to",,,,,,,,,, commitculpablehomicide.,,,,,,,,,, Organised,,,,,,,,,, crime.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5036,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, attempts to commit or commits an offence of organised crime shall,—",,,,,,,,,, "(i) if such offence has resulted in the death of any person, be punishable with",,,,,,,,,, death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be lessthan rupees ten lakhs;,,,,,,,,,, "(ii) in any other case, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not",,,,,,,,,, be less than five years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and shall also beliable to fine which shall not be less than rupees five lakhs.,,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever, conspires or organises the commission of an organised crime, or assists,",,,,,,,,,, "facilitates or otherwise engages in any act preparatory to an organised crime, shall bepunishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years but whichmay extend to imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less thanrupees five lakhs.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Any person who is a member of an organised crime syndicate shall be punishable,,,,,,,,,, with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend toimprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than rupeesfive lakhs.,,,,,,,,,, "(5) Whoever, intentionally harbours or conceals or attempts to harbour or conceal any",,,,,,,,,, person who has committed the offence of an organised crime or any member of an organisedcrime syndicate or believes that his act will encourage or assist the doing of such crime shallbe punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years butwhich may extend to imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine which shall not beless than rupees five lakhs:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that this sub-section shall not apply to any case in which the harbour or,,,,,,,,,, concealment is by the spouse of the offender.,,,,,,,,,, "(6) Whoever, holds any property derived, or obtained from the commission of an",,,,,,,,,, organised crime or proceeds of any organised crime or which has been acquired through theorganised crime syndicate funds shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term whichshall not be less than three years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and shall alsobe liable to fine which shall not be less than rupees two lakhs.,,,,,,,,,, "(7) If any person on behalf of a member of an organised crime syndicate is, or at any",,,,,,,,,, "time has been in possession of movable or immovable property which he cannot satisfactorilyaccount for, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less thanthree years but which may extend to imprisonment for ten years and shall also be liable to finewhich shall not be less than rupees one lakh and such property shall also be liable forattachment and forfeiture.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.–– For the purposes of this section, “proceeds of any organised crime”",,,,,,,,,, "means all kind of properties which have been derived or obtained from commission of anyorganised crime or have acquired through funds traceable to any organised crime and shallinclude cash, irrespective of person in whose name such proceeds are standing or in whosepossession they are found.",,,,,,,,,, 110. (1) Any crime that causes general feelings of insecurity among citizens relating to,,,,,,,,,, "theft of vehicle or theft from vehicle, domestic and business theft, trick theft, cargo crime,theft (attempt to theft, theft of personal property), organised pick pocketing, snatching, theftthrough shoplifting or card skimming and Automated Teller Machine thefts or procuringmoney in unlawful manner in public transport system or illegal selling of tickets and sellingof public examination question papers and such other common forms of organised crimecommitted by organised criminal groups or gangs, shall constitute petty organised crimesand shall include the said crimes when committed by mobile organised crime groups organgs that create network of contacts, anchor points, and logistical support among themselvesto carry out number of offences in region over a period before moving on.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever commits or attempts to commit any petty organised crime, under",,,,,,,,,, sub-section ( 1) shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than,,,,,,,,,, "one year but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Pettyorganisedcrime ororganisedcrime ingeneral.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5037,,,,,,,,,, 111. (1) A person is said to have committed a terrorist act if he commits any act in India,,,,,,,,,, "or in any foreign country with the intention to threaten the unity, integrity and security ofIndia, to intimidate the general public or a segment thereof, or to disturb public order by",,,,,,,,,, "doing an act,––",,,,,,,,,, " (i) using bombs, dynamite or any other explosive substance or inflammable",,,,,,,,,, material or firearms or other lethal weapons or poison or noxious gases or other chemicals,,,,,,,,,, "or any other substance (whether biological or otherwise) hazardous in nature in sucha manner so as to create an atmosphere or spread a message of fear, to cause death or",,,,,,,,,, "serious bodily harm to any person, or endangers a person’s life;",,,,,,,,,, (ii) to cause damage or loss due to damage or destruction of property or disruption,,,,,,,,,, "of any supplies or services essential to the life of the community, destruction of a",,,,,,,,,, "Government or public facility, public place or private property;",,,,,,,,,, "(iii) to cause extensive interference with, damage or destruction to critical",,,,,,,,,, infrastructure;,,,,,,,,,, "(iv) to provoke or influence by intimidation the Government or its organisation,",,,,,,,,,, in such a manner so as to cause or likely to cause death or injury to any public,,,,,,,,,, functionary or any person or an act of detaining any person and threatening to kill or,,,,,,,,,, injure such person in order to compel the Government to do or abstain from doing any,,,,,,,,,, "act, or destabilise or destroy the political, economic, or social structures of the country,or create a public emergency or undermine public safety;",,,,,,,,,, (v) included within the scope of any of the Treaties listed in the Second Schedule,,,,,,,,,, "to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, attempts to commit or commits an offence of terrorist act shall,––",,,,,,,,,, "(i) if such offence has resulted in the death of any person, be punishable with",,,,,,,,,, "death or imprisonment for life without the benefit of parole, and shall also be liable to",,,,,,,,,, fine which shall not be less than rupees ten lakhs;,,,,,,,,,, "(ii) in any other case, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not",,,,,,,,,, "be less than five years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be",,,,,,,,,, liable to fine which shall not be less than rupees five lakhs.,,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever, conspires, organises or causes to be organised any organisation,",,,,,,,,,, "association or a group of persons for terrorist acts, or assists, facilitates or otherwise conspiresto engage in any act preparatory to any terrorist act, shall be punishable with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, for a term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend to imprisonment for,,,,,,,,,, "life, and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than rupees five lakhs.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) Any person, who is a member of terrorist organisation, which is involved in terrorist",,,,,,,,,, "act, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to imprisonment for",,,,,,,,,, "life, and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than rupees five lakhs.",,,,,,,,,, "(5) Whoever, intentionally harbours or conceals or attempts to harbour or conceal any",,,,,,,,,, person who has committed an offence of any terrorist act shall be punishable with,,,,,,,,,, imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than rupees five",,,,,,,,,, lakh:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that this sub-section shall not apply to any case in which the harbour or,,,,,,,,,, concealment is by the spouse of the offender.,,,,,,,,,, "(6) Whoever, holds any property directly or indirectly, derived or obtained from",,,,,,,,,, "commission of terrorist act or proceeds of terrorism, or acquired through the terrorist fund, or",,,,,,,,,, "possesses, provides, collects or uses property or funds or makes available property, funds",,,,,,,,,, "or financial service or other related services, by any means, to be used, in full or in part toOffence ifterrorist act.",,,,,,,,,, 37 of 1967.37,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4538,,,,,,,,,, "carry out or facilitate the commission of any terrorist act, shall be punishable with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, for a term which may extend to imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine which shallnot be less than rupees five lakhs and such property shall also be liable for attachment andforfeiture.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation .— For the purposes of this section,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) “terrorist” refers to any person who—,,,,,,,,,, "(i) develops, manufactures, possesses, acquires, transports, supplies or",,,,,,,,,, "uses weapons, explosives, or releases nuclear, radiological or other dangeroussubstance, or cause fire, floods or explosions;",,,,,,,,,, " (ii) commits, or attempts, or conspires to commit terrorist acts by any",,,,,,,,,, "means, directly or indirectly;",,,,,,,,,, "(iii) participates, as a principal or as an accomplice, in terrorist acts;",,,,,,,,,, (b) the expression “proceeds of terrorism” shall have the same meaning as assigned,,,,,,,,,, "to it in clause ( g) of section 2 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) “terrorist organisation, association or a group of persons” refers to any",,,,,,,,,, entity owned or controlled by any terrorist or group of terrorists that—,,,,,,,,,, " (i) commits, or attempts to commit, terrorist acts by any means, directly or",,,,,,,,,, indirectly;—,,,,,,,,,, (ii) participates in acts of terrorism;—,,,,,,,,,, (iii) prepares for terrorism;—,,,,,,,,,, (iv) promotes terrorism;—(v) organises or directs others to commit terrorism;—,,,,,,,,,, (vi) contributes to the commission of terrorist acts by a group of persons,,,,,,,,,, acting with common purpose of furthering the terrorist act where the contributionis made intentionally and with the aim of furthering the terrorist act or with theknowledge of the intention of the group to commit a terrorist act; or,,,,,,,,,, (vii) is otherwise involved in terrorism; or,,,,,,,,,, (viii) any organisation listed in the First Schedule to the Unlawful Activities,,,,,,,,,, "(Prevention) Act, 1967 or an organisation operating under the same name as anorganisation so listed.",,,,,,,,,, Of hurt,,,,,,,,,, "112. Whoever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person is said to cause",,,,,,,,,, hurt.,,,,,,,,,, 113. (1) Whoever does any act with the intention of thereby causing hurt to any,,,,,,,,,, "person, or with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause hurt to any person, and doesthereby cause hurt to any person, is said “voluntarily to cause hurt”.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, except in the case provided for by sub- section ( 1) of section 120 voluntarily",,,,,,,,,, "causes hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to one year, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "114. The following kinds of hurt only are designated as “grievous”, namely:––",,,,,,,,,, (a) Emasculation.,,,,,,,,,, (b) Permanent privation of the sight of either eye.,,,,,,,,,, (c) Permanent privation of the hearing of either ear.,,,,,,,,,, (d) Privation of any member or joint.,,,,,,,,,, (e),,,,,,,,,, Destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint.,,,,,,,,,, (f) Permanent disfiguration of the head or face.,,,,,,,,,, (g) Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth.,,,,,,,,,, (h) Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to be during the,,,,,,,,,, "space of fifteen days in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits.",,,,,,,,,, "115. (1)Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, if the hurt which he intends to cause or",,,,,,,,,, "knows himself to be likely to cause is grievous hurt, and if the hurt which he causes isgrievous hurt, is said “voluntarily to cause grievous hurt”.Hurt.",,,,,,,,,, Voluntarily.,,,,,,,,,, causing hurt.,,,,,,,,,, Grievous hurt.,,,,,,,,,, V oluntarily,,,,,,,,,, causinggrievous hurt.37 of 1967.,,,,,,,,,, 37 of 1967.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5039,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, except in the case provided for by sub-section ( 3), voluntarily causes",,,,,,,,,, "grievous hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —A person is not said voluntarily to cause grievous hurt except when he,,,,,,,,,, "both causes grievous hurt and intends or knows himself to be likely to cause grievous hurt.But he is said voluntarily to cause grievous hurt, if intending or knowing himself to be likelyto cause grievous hurt of one kind, he actually causes grievous hurt of another kind.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, intending of knowing himself to be likely permanently to disfigure Z’s face, gives",,,,,,,,,, "Z a blow which does not permanently disfigure Z’s face, but which causes Z to suffer severebodily pain for the space of fifteen days. A has voluntarily caused grievous hurt.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever commits an offence under sub-section ( 1) and in the course of such,,,,,,,,,, "commission causes any hurt to a person which causes that person to be in permanentdisability or in persistent vegetative state, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment fora term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life,which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life.",,,,,,,,,, (4) When grievous hurt of a person is caused by a group of five or more persons on the,,,,,,,,,, "ground of his, race, caste, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any other ground,each member of such group shall be guilty of the offence of causing grievous hurt, and shallbe punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sevenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "116. (1) Whoever, except in the case provided for by sub-section ( 1) of section 120,",,,,,,,,,, "voluntarily causes hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or anyinstrument which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, or by means of fire",,,,,,,,,, "or any heated substance, or by means of any poison or any corrosive substance, or by",,,,,,,,,, "means of any explosive substance or by means of any substance which it is deleterious tothe human body to inhale, to swallow, or to receive into the blood, or by means of any animal,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend tothree years, or with fine which may extend to twenty thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, except in the case provided for by sub-section ( 2) of section 120, voluntarily",,,,,,,,,, "causes grievous hurt by any means referred to in sub–section ( 1), shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not beless than one year but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "117. (1) Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer,",,,,,,,,,, "or from any person interested in the sufferer, any property or valuable security, or of",,,,,,,,,, "constraining the sufferer or any person interested in such sufferer to do anything which isillegal or which may facilitate the commission of an offence, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt for any purpose referred to in sub-,,,,,,,,,, "section ( 1), shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description",,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "118. (1) Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer",,,,,,,,,, "or from any person interested in the sufferer, any confession or any information which maylead to the detection of an offence or misconduct, or for the purpose of constraining thesufferer or any person interested in the sufferer to restore or to cause the restoration of anyproperty or valuable security or to satisfy any claim or demand, or to give information whichmay lead to the restoration of any property or valuable security, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Voluntarilycausing hurt orgrievous hurtto extortconfession, orto compelrestoration ofproperty.Voluntarily",,,,,,,,,, causing hurt orgrievous hurtby dangerousweapons ormeans.,,,,,,,,,, Voluntarily,,,,,,,,,, "causing hurt orgrievous hurtto extortconfession, onto compelrestoration ofproperty.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5040,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt for any purpose referred to in,,,,,,,,,, "sub–section ( 1), shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which",,,,,,,,,, "may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, a police-officer, tortures Z in order to induce Z to confess that he committed a",,,,,,,,,, crime. A is guilty of an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, a police-officer, tortures B to induce him to point out where certain stolen",,,,,,,,,, property is deposited. A is guilty of an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, a revenue officer, tortures Z in order to compel him to pay certain arrears of",,,,,,,,,, revenue due from Z. A is guilty of an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, 119. (1) Whoever voluntarily causes hurt to any person being a public servant in the,,,,,,,,,, "discharge of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter that person orany other public servant from discharging his duty as such public servant or in consequenceof anything done or attempted to be done by that person in the lawful discharge of his dutyas such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt to any person being a public servant in,,,,,,,,,, "the discharge of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter thatperson or any other public servant from discharging his duty as such public servant or inconsequence of anything done or attempted to be done by that person in the lawful dischargeof his duty as such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to ten years, and shallalso be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "120. (1) Whoever voluntarily causes hurt on grave and sudden provocation, if he",,,,,,,,,, "neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause hurt to any person other than theperson who gave the provocation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousandrupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt on grave and sudden provocation, if he",,,,,,,,,, "neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause hurt to any person other than theperson who gave the provocation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to five years, or with fine which may extend to ten thousandrupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation. —This section is subject to the same provision as Exception 1,",,,,,,,,,, section 99.,,,,,,,,,, 121. Whoever administers to or causes to be taken by any person any poison or any,,,,,,,,,, "stupefying, intoxicating or unwholesome drug, or other thing with intent to cause hurt tosuch person, or with intent to commit or to facilitate the commission of an offence or knowingit to be likely that he will thereby cause hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "122. (1) Whoever causes permanent or partial damage or deformity to, or burns or",,,,,,,,,, "maims or disfigures or disables, any part or parts of the body of a person or causes grievoushurt by throwing acid on or by administering acid to that person, or by using any othermeans with the intention of causing or with the knowledge that he is likely to cause suchinjury or hurt or causes a person to be in a permanent vegetative state shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than ten years but whichmay extend to imprisonment for life, and with fine:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses of,,,,,,,,,, the treatment of the victim:Voluntarilycausing hurt orgrievous hurtto deter publicservant fromhis duty.,,,,,,,,,, Voluntarily,,,,,,,,,, causing hurt orgrievous hurtonprovocation.,,,,,,,,,, Causing hurt,,,,,,,,,, "by means ofpoison, etc.,with intent tocommit anoffence.",,,,,,,,,, Voluntarily,,,,,,,,,, "causing hurt orgrievous hurtby use of acid,etc.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4541,,,,,,,,,, Provided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever throws or attempts to throw acid on any person or attempts to administer,,,,,,,,,, "acid to any person, or attempts to use any other means, with the intention of causingpermanent or partial damage or deformity or burns or maiming or disfigurement or disabilityor grievous hurt to that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description fora term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend to seven years, and shallalso be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this section, “acid” includes any substance",,,,,,,,,, "which has acidic or corrosive character or burning nature, that is capable of causing bodilyinjury leading to scars or disfigurement or temporary or permanent disability.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this section, permanent or partial damage or",,,,,,,,,, "deformity or permanent vegetative state, shall not be required to be irreversible.",,,,,,,,,, 123.Whoever does any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or the,,,,,,,,,, "personal safety of others, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to two thousand fivehundred rupees, or with both, but—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) where the hurt is caused, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extendto five thousand rupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) where grievous hurt is caused, shall be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine which mayextend to ten thousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ", or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement,,,,,,,,,, 124. (1) Whoever voluntarily obstructs any person so as to prevent that person from,,,,,,,,,, "proceeding in any direction in which that person has a right to proceed, is said wrongfully torestrain that person.",,,,,,,,,, Exception. —The obstruction of a private way over land or water which a person in,,,,,,,,,, "good faith believes himself to have a lawful right to obstruct, is not an offence within themeaning of this section.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A obstructs a path along which Z has a right to pass, A not believing in good faith that",,,,,,,,,, he has a right to stop the path. Z is thereby prevented from passing. A wrongfullyrestrains Z.,,,,,,,,,, (2)Whoever wrongfully restrains any person shall be punished with simple,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend tofive thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 125. (1)Whoever wrongfully restrains any person in such a manner as to prevent that,,,,,,,,,, "person from proceedings beyond certain circumscribing limits, is said “wrongfully to confine”that person.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A causes Z to go within a walled space, and locks Z in. Z is thus prevented from",,,,,,,,,, proceeding in any direction beyond the circumscribing line of wall. A wrongfully confines Z.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A places men with firearms at the outlets of a building, and tells Z that they will fire",,,,,,,,,, at Z if Z attempts to leave the building. A wrongfully confines Z.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever wrongfully confines any person shall be punished with imprisonment of,,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend tofive thousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ", or with both.Actendangeringlife or personalsafety ofothers.",,,,,,,,,, Wrongful,,,,,,,,,, restraint.,,,,,,,,,, Wrongful,,,,,,,,,, Confinment.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4542,,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever wrongfully confines any person for three days, or more, shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or withfine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both",,,,,,,,,, .,,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever wrongfully confines any person for ten days or more , shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shallalso be liable to fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, "(5) Whoever keeps any person in wrongful confinement, knowing that a writ for the",,,,,,,,,, "liberation of that person has been duly issued, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to two years in addition to any term of imprisonmentto which he may be liable under any other section of this Chapter and shall also be liable tofine.",,,,,,,,,, (6) Whoever wrongfully confines any person in such manner as to indicate an intention,,,,,,,,,, "that the confinement of such person may not be known to any person interested in theperson so confined, or to any public servant, or that the place of such confinement may notbe known to or discovered by any such person or public servant as hereinbefore mentioned,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend tothreeyears in addition to any other punishment to which he may be liable for such wrongfulconfinement and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (7) Whoever wrongfully confines any person for the purpose of extorting from the,,,,,,,,,, "person confined, or from any person interested in the person confined, any property orvaluable security or of constraining the person confined or any person interested in suchperson to do anything illegal or to give any information which may facilitate the commissionof an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (8) Whoever wrongfully confines any person for the purpose of extorting from the,,,,,,,,,, "person confined or any person interested in the person confined any confession or anyinformation which may lead to the detection of an offence or misconduct, or for the purposeof constraining the person confined or any person interested in the person confined torestore or to cause the restoration of any property or valuable security or to satisfy any claimor demand, or to give information which may lead to the restoration of any property orvaluable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Of criminal force and assault,,,,,,,,,, "126. A person is said to use force to another if he causes motion, change of motion, or",,,,,,,,,, "cessation of motion to that other, or if he causes to any substance such motion, or change ofmotion, or cessation of motion as brings that substance into contact with any part of thatother’s body, or with anything which that other is wearing or carrying, or with anything sosituated that such contact affects that other’s sense of feeling:",,,,,,,,,, "Provided that the person causing the motion, or change of motion, or cessation of",,,,,,,,,, "motion, causes that motion, change of motion, or cessation of motion in one of the followingthree ways,namely:––",,,,,,,,,, (a) by his own bodily power;,,,,,,,,,, (b) by disposing any substance in such a manner that the motion or change or,,,,,,,,,, "cessation of motion takes place without any further act on his part, or on the part ofany other person;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) by inducing any animal to move, to change its motion, or to cease to move.",,,,,,,,,, Force.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4543,,,,,,,,,, "127. Whoever intentionally uses force to any person, without that person’s consent,",,,,,,,,,, "in order to the committing of any offence, or intending by the use of such force to cause, orknowing it to be likely that by the use of such force he will cause injury, fear or annoyance tothe person to whom the force is used, is said to use criminal force to that other.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) Z is sitting in a moored boat on a river. A unfastens the moorings, and thus",,,,,,,,,, "intentionally causes the boat to drift down the stream. Here A intentionally causesmotion to Z, and he does this by disposing substances in such a manner that themotion is produced without any other action on any person’s part. A has thereforeintentionally used force to Z; and if he has done so without Z’s consent, in order to thecommitting of any offence, or intending or knowing it to be likely that this use of forcewill cause injury, fear or annoyance to Z, A has used criminal force to Z.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) Z is riding in a chariot. A lashes Z’s horses, and thereby causes them to",,,,,,,,,, "quicken their pace. Here A has caused change of motion to Z by inducing the animalsto change their motion. A has therefore used force to Z; and if A has done this withoutZ’s consent, intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby injure, frighten orannoy Z, A has used criminal force to Z.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) Z is riding in a palanquin. A, intending to rob Z, seizes the pole and stops the",,,,,,,,,, "palanquin. Here A has caused cessation of motion to Z, and he has done this by hisown bodily power. A has therefore used force to Z; and as A has acted thus intentionally,without Z’s consent, in order to the commission of an offence. A has used criminalforce to Z.",,,,,,,,,, (d) A intentionally pushes against Z in the street. Here A has by his own bodily,,,,,,,,,, "power moved his own person so as to bring it into contact with Z. He has thereforeintentionally used force to Z; and if he has done so without Z’s consent, intending orknowing it to be likely that he may thereby injure, frighten or annoy Z, he has usedcriminal force to Z.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A throw a stone, intending or knowing it to be likely that the stone will be thus",,,,,,,,,, "brought into contact with Z, or with Z’s clothes, or with something carried by Z, or thatit will strike water and dash up the water against Z’s clothes or something carried by Z.Here, if the throwing of the stone produce the effect of causing any substance to comeinto contact with Z, or Z’s clothes, A has used force to Z, and if he did so without Z’sconsent, intending thereby to injure, frighten or annoy Z, he has used criminal force to Z.",,,,,,,,,, "(f) Aintentionally pulls up a Woman’s veil. Here A intentionally uses force to her,",,,,,,,,,, "and if he does so without her consent intending or knowing it to be likely that he maythereby injure, frighten or annoy her, he has used criminal force to her.",,,,,,,,,, (g) Z is bathing. A pours into the bath water which he knows to be boiling. Here,,,,,,,,,, "A intentionally by his own bodily power causes such motion in the boiling water asbrings that water into contact with Z, or with other water so situated that such contactmust affect Z’s sense of feeling; A has therefore intentionally used force to Z; and if hehas done this without Z’s consent intending or knowing it to be likely that he maythereby cause injury, fear or annoyance to Z, A has used criminal force.",,,,,,,,,, "(h) A incites a dog to spring upon Z, without Z’s consent. Here, if A intends to",,,,,,,,,, "cause injury, fear or annoyance to Z, he uses criminal force to Z.",,,,,,,,,, "128. Whoever makes any gesture, or any preparation intending or knowing it to be",,,,,,,,,, "likely that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that hewho makes that gesture or preparation is about to use criminal force to that person, is said tocommit an assault.Criminal force.",,,,,,,,,, Assault.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4544,,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —Mere words do not amount to an assault. But the words which a,,,,,,,,,, person uses may give to his gestures or preparation such a meaning as may make thosegestures or preparations amount to an assault.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A shakes his fist at Z, intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby",,,,,,,,,, cause Z to believe that A is about to strike Z. A has committed an assault.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A begins to unloose the muzzle of a ferocious dog, intending or knowing it to",,,,,,,,,, be likely that he may thereby cause Z to believe that he is about to cause the dog toattack Z. A has committed an assault upon Z.,,,,,,,,,, "(c) A takes up a stick, saying to Z, “I will give you a beating”. Here, though the",,,,,,,,,, "words used by A could in no case amount to an assault, and though the mere gesture,unaccompanied by any other circumstances, might not amount to an assault, thegesture explained by the words may amount to an assault.",,,,,,,,,, 129. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person otherwise than on grave,,,,,,,,,, "and sudden provocation given by that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend toone thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —Grave and sudden provocation will not mitigate the punishment for an,,,,,,,,,, "offence under this section, if the provocation is sought or voluntarily provoked by theoffender as an excuse for the offence, or",,,,,,,,,, "if the provocation is given by anything done in obedience to the law, or by a public",,,,,,,,,, "servant, in the lawful exercise of the powers of such public servant, or",,,,,,,,,, if the provocation is given by anything done in the lawful exercise of the right of,,,,,,,,,, private defence.,,,,,,,,,, "Whether the provocation was grave and sudden enough to mitigate the offence, is a",,,,,,,,,, question of fact.,,,,,,,,,, 130. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person being a public servant in,,,,,,,,,, "the execution of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter thatperson from discharging his duty as such public servant, or in consequence of anythingdone or attempted to be done by such person in the lawful discharge of his duty as suchpublic servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "131. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person, intending thereby to",,,,,,,,,, "dishonour that person, otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation given by thatperson, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "132. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person, in attempting to commit",,,,,,,,,, "theft on any property which that person is then wearing or carrying, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, "133. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person, in attempting wrongfully",,,,,,,,,, "to confine that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or withboth.Punishment",,,,,,,,,, for assault or,,,,,,,,,, criminal force,,,,,,,,,, otherwise than,,,,,,,,,, on grave,,,,,,,,,, provocation.,,,,,,,,,, Assault or,,,,,,,,,, criminal forceto deter publicservant fromdischarge ofhis duty.,,,,,,,,,, Assault or,,,,,,,,,, "criminal forcewith intent todishonorperson,otherwise thanon graveprovocation.",,,,,,,,,, Assault or,,,,,,,,,, criminal forcein attempt tocommit theftof propertycarried by aperson.,,,,,,,,,, Assault or,,,,,,,,,, criminal forcein attemptwronglfully toconfine aperson.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4045,,,,,,,,,, 134. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person on grave and sudden,,,,,,,,,, "provocation given by that person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a termwhich may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— This section is subject to the same Explanation as section 129.,,,,,,,,,, "Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour",,,,,,,,,, "135. (1) Kidnapping is of two kinds: kidnapping from India, and kidnapping from",,,,,,,,,, lawful guardianship––,,,,,,,,,, (a) whoever conveys any person beyond the limits of India without the consent,,,,,,,,,, "of that person, or of some person legally authorised to consent on behalf of thatperson, is said to kidnap that person from India;",,,,,,,,,, (b) whoever takes or entices any child below the age of eighteen years or any,,,,,,,,,, "person with mental illness, out of the keeping of the lawful guardian of such child or",,,,,,,,,, "person with mental illness, without the consent of such guardian, is said to kidnap",,,,,,,,,, such child or person from lawful guardianship.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation. ––The words “lawful guardian” in this clause include any person,,,,,,,,,, lawfully entrusted with the care or custody of such child or other person.,,,,,,,,,, Exception. —This clause does not extend to the act of any person who in good,,,,,,,,,, "faith believes himself to be the father of an illegitimate child below the age of eighteenyears, or who in good faith believes himself to be entitled to the lawful custody of suchchild, unless such act is committed for an immoral or unlawful purpose.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever kidnaps any person from India or from lawful guardianship shall be,,,,,,,,,, "punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sevenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "136. Whoever by force compels, or by any deceitful means induces, any person to go",,,,,,,,,, "from any place, is said to abduct that person.",,,,,,,,,, "137. (1) Whoever kidnaps any child below the age of eighteen years or, not being the",,,,,,,,,, "lawful guardian of such child, obtains the custody of the child, in order that such child may",,,,,,,,,, "be employed or used for the purposes of begging shall be punishable with rigorousimprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend toimprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever maims any child below the age of eighteen years in order that such child,,,,,,,,,, "may be employed or used for the purposes of begging shall be punishable with imprisonmentwhich shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to life which shall meanimprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Where any person, not being the lawful guardian of a child below the age of",,,,,,,,,, "eighteen years employs or uses such child for the purposes of begging, it shall be presumed,unless the contrary is proved, that he kidnapped or otherwise obtained the custody of suchchild in order that such child might be employed or used for the purposes of begging.",,,,,,,,,, (4) In this section “begging” means—,,,,,,,,,, "(i) soliciting or receiving alms in a public place, whether under the pretence of",,,,,,,,,, "singing, dancing, forture-telling, performing tricks or selling articles or otherwise;",,,,,,,,,, (ii) entering on any private premises for the purpose of soliciting or receiving,,,,,,,,,, alms;Assault or,,,,,,,,,, criminal forceon graveprovocation.,,,,,,,,,, Kidnapping.,,,,,,,,,, Abduction.,,,,,,,,,, Kidnapping or,,,,,,,,,, maiming achild forpurposes ofbegging.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4046,,,,,,,,,, "(iii) exposing or exhibiting, with the object of obtaining or extorting alms, any",,,,,,,,,, "sore, wound, injury, deformity or disease, whether of himself or of any other person orof an animal;",,,,,,,,,, (iv) using such childas an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms.,,,,,,,,,, 138. (1) Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be,,,,,,,,,, "murdered or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being murdered, shall bepunished with imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to",,,,,,,,,, "ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A kidnaps Z from India, intending or knowing it to be likely that Z may be sacrificed",,,,,,,,,, to an idol. A has committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, (b) A forcibly carries or entices B away from his home in order that B may be murdered.,,,,,,,,,, A has committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person or keeps a person in detention after such,,,,,,,,,, "kidnapping or abduction, and threatens to cause death or hurt to such person, or by his",,,,,,,,,, conduct gives rise to a reasonable apprehension that such person may be put to death or,,,,,,,,,, "hurt, or causes hurt or death to such person in order to compel the Government or anyforeign State or international inter-governmental organisation or any other person to do orabstain from doing any act or to pay a ransom, shall be punishable with death, or imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "for life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person with intent to cause that person to be,,,,,,,,,, "secretly and wrongfully confined, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be subjected,",,,,,,,,,, "or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being subjected to grievous hurt, orslavery, or to the unnatural lust of any person, or knowing it to be likely that such person willbe so subjected or disposed of, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for",,,,,,,,,, "a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 139. Whoever imports into India from any country outside India any girl under the age,,,,,,,,,, "of twenty-one years or any boy under the age of eighteen years with intent that girl or boymay be, or knowing it to be likely that girl or boy will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse",,,,,,,,,, "with another person, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years",,,,,,,,,, and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, "140. Whoever, knowing that any person has been kidnapped or has been abducted,",,,,,,,,,, "wrongfully conceals or confines such person, shall be punished in the same manner as if he",,,,,,,,,, "had kidnapped or abducted such person with the same intention or knowledge, or for the",,,,,,,,,, same purpose as that with or for which he conceals or detains such person in confinement.,,,,,,,,,, "141. (1) Whoever, for the purpose of exploitation, recruits, transports, harbours,",,,,,,,,,, "transfers, or receives, a person or persons, by—",,,,,,,,,, (a) using threats; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) using force, or any other form of coercion; or",,,,,,,,,, (c) by abduction; or,,,,,,,,,, "(d) by practicing fraud, or deception; or",,,,,,,,,, (e) by abuse of power; orKidnapping or,,,,,,,,,, abducting inorder tomurder or forransom etc.,,,,,,,,,, Importation of,,,,,,,,,, girl or boyfrom foreigncountry.,,,,,,,,,, Wrongfully,,,,,,,,,, "concealing orkeeping inconfinement,kidnapped orabductedperson.",,,,,,,,,, Trafficking of,,,,,,,,,, person.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4047,,,,,,,,,, "(f) by inducement, including the giving or receiving of payments or benefits, in",,,,,,,,,, "order to achieve the consent of any person having control over the person recruited,transported, harboured, transferred or received,",,,,,,,,,, commits the offence of trafficking.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—The expression “exploitation” shall include any act of physical,,,,,,,,,, "exploitation or any form of sexual exploitation, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude,beggary or forced removal of organs.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—The consent of the victim is immaterial in determination of the offence,,,,,,,,,, of trafficking.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits the offence of trafficking shall be punished with rigorous,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years, but which may extend toten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Where the offence involves the trafficking of more than one person, it shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years butwhich may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Where the offence involves the trafficking of a child below the age of eighteen,,,,,,,,,, "years,it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be lessthan ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (5) Where the offence involves the trafficking of more than one child below the age of,,,,,,,,,, "eighteen years, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall notbe less than fourteen years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (6) If a person is convicted of the offence of trafficking of child below the age of,,,,,,,,,, "eighteen years on more than one occasion, then such person shall be punished withimprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’snatural life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (7) When a public servant or a police officer is involved in the trafficking of any person,,,,,,,,,, "then, such public servant or police officer shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which",,,,,,,,,, "shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "142. (1) Whoever, knowingly or having reason to believe that a child below the age of",,,,,,,,,, "eighteen years has been trafficked, engages such child for sexual exploitation in any manner,shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five",,,,,,,,,, "years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, knowingly by or having reason to believe that a person has been",,,,,,,,,, "trafficked, engages such person for sexual exploitation in any manner, shall be punished withrigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years, but which mayextend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "143. Whoever habitually imports, exports, removes, buys, sells, traffics or deals in",,,,,,,,,, "slaves, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "144. Whoever unlawfully compels any person to labour against the will of that person,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to oneyear, or with fine, or with both.Exploitation",,,,,,,,,, of a traffickedperson.,,,,,,,,,, Habitual,,,,,,,,,, dealing inslaves.,,,,,,,,,, Unlawful,,,,,,,,,, compulsorylabour.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4048,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER VII,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE,,,,,,,,,, "145. Whoever wages war against the Government of India, or attempts to wage such",,,,,,,,,, "war, or abets the waging of such war, shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for lifeand shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, A joins an insurrection against the Government of India. A has committed the offence,,,,,,,,,, defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, 146. Whoever within or without and beyond India conspires to commit any of the,,,,,,,,,, "offences punishable by section 145, or conspires to overawe, by means of criminal force orthe show of criminal force, the Central Government or any State Government, shall be punishedwith imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description which may extend toten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation .—To constitute a conspiracy under this section, it is not necessary that",,,,,,,,,, any act or illegal omission shall take place in pursuance thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "147. Whoever collects men, arms or ammunition or otherwise prepares to wage war",,,,,,,,,, "with the intention of either waging or being prepared to wage war against the Government ofIndia, shall be punished with imprisonment for life or imprisonment of either description fora term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "148. Whoever by any act, or by any illegal omission, conceals the existence of a",,,,,,,,,, "design to wage war against the Government of India, intending by such concealment tofacilitate, or knowing it to be likely that such concealment will facilitate, the waging of suchwar, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend toten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "149.Whoever, with the intention of inducing or compelling the President of India, or",,,,,,,,,, "Governor of any State, to exercise or refrain from exercising in any manner any of the lawfulpowers of such President or Governor, assaults or wrongfully restrains, or attempts wrongfullyto restrain, or overawes, by means of criminal force or the show of criminal force, or attemptsso to overawe, such President or Governor, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "150. Whoever, purposely or knowingly, by words, either spoken or written, or by",,,,,,,,,, "signs, or by visible representation, or by electronic communication or by use of financialmean, or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite, secession or armed rebellion or subversiveactivities, or encourages feelings of separatist activities or endangers sovereignty or unityand integrity of India; or indulges in or commits any such act shall be punished withimprisonment for life or with imprisonment which may extend to seven years and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation.–– Comments expressing disapprobation of the measures, or administrative",,,,,,,,,, or other action of the Government with a view to obtain their alteration by lawful meanswithout exciting or attempting to excite the activities referred to in this section.,,,,,,,,,, 151. Whoever wages war against the Government of any foreign State at peace with,,,,,,,,,, "the Government of India or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war, shallbe punished with imprisonment for life, to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to seven years, to which fine may be added, orwith fine.Waging, orattempting towage war, orabettingwaging of war,againstGovernmentof India.",,,,,,,,,, Conspiracy to,,,,,,,,,, commitoffencespunishable bysection 145.,,,,,,,,,, Collecting,,,,,,,,,, "arms, etc.,with intentionof waging waragainstGovernmentof India.",,,,,,,,,, Concealing,,,,,,,,,, with intent tofacilitatedesign to wagewar.,,,,,,,,,, Assaulting,,,,,,,,,, "PresidentGovernor, etc.,with intent tocompel orrestrainexercise of anylawful power.",,,,,,,,,, Acts,,,,,,,,,, endangeringsovereigntyunity andintegrity ofIndia.,,,,,,,,,, Waging war,,,,,,,,,, agaisnt,,,,,,,,,, Government,,,,,,,,,, of any foreignState at peace,,,,,,,,,, with,,,,,,,,,, Government,,,,,,,,,, of India.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4549,,,,,,,,,, "152. Whoever commits depredation, or makes preparations to commit depredation, on",,,,,,,,,, "the territories of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shallalso be liable to fine and to forfeiture of any property used or intended to be used incommitting such depredation, or acquired by such depredation.",,,,,,,,,, 153. Whoever receives any property knowing the same to have been taken in the,,,,,,,,,, "commission of any of the offences mentioned in sections 151 and 152, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine and to forfeiture of the property so received.",,,,,,,,,, "154. Whoever, being a public servant and having the custody of any State prisoner or",,,,,,,,,, "prisoner of war, voluntarily allows such prisoner to escape from any place in which suchprisoner is confined, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "155. Whoever, being a public servant and having the custody of any State prisoner or",,,,,,,,,, "prisoner of war, negligently suffers such prisoner to escape from any place of confinement inwhich such prisoner is confined, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a termwhich may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 156. Whoever knowingly aids or assists any State prisoner or prisoner of war in,,,,,,,,,, "escaping from lawful custody, or rescues or attempts to rescue any such prisoner, or harboursor conceals any such prisoner who has escaped from lawful custody, or offers or attempts tooffer any resistance to the recapture of such prisoner, shall be punished with imprisonmentfor life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation . —A State prisoner or prisoner of war, who is permitted to be at large on",,,,,,,,,, "his parole within certain limits in India, is said to escape from lawful custody if he goesbeyond the limits within which he is allowed to be at large.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER VIII,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, "F OFFENCES RELA TING TO THE ARMY, NAV Y AND AIR FORCE",,,,,,,,,, "157. Whoever abets the committing of mutiny by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in",,,,,,,,,, "the Army, Navy or Air Force subject to the Acts referred to in section 165 of the Governmentof India or attempts to seduce any such officer, soldier, sailor or airman from his allegiance orhis duty, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "158. Whoever abets the committing of mutiny by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in",,,,,,,,,, "the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, shall, if mutiny be committed inconsequence of that abetment, be punished with death or with imprisonment for life, orimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "159. Whoever abets an assault by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army,",,,,,,,,,, "Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, on any superior officer being in the executionof his office, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.Committingdepredation onterritories offoreign Stateat peace withGovernemntof India.",,,,,,,,,, Receiving,,,,,,,,,, property takenby war ordepredationmentioned insections 151and 152.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, voluntarilyallowingprisoner ofsate or war toescape.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, negligentlysuffering suchprisoner toescape.,,,,,,,,,, Aiding escape,,,,,,,,,, of rescuing orharbouringsuch prisoner.,,,,,,,,,, Abetting,,,,,,,,,, "mutiny, or",,,,,,,,,, attempting to,,,,,,,,,, seduce a,,,,,,,,,, "soldier, sailor",,,,,,,,,, or airmanfrom his duty.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, "mutiny, ifmutiny iscommitted inconsequencethereof.",,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, "assault bysoldier, sailoror airman onhis superioroffice, when inexecution ofhis office.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4050,,,,,,,,,, "160.Whoever abets an assault by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy",,,,,,,,,, "or Air Force of the Government of India, on any superior officer being in the execution of hisoffice, shall, if such assault be committed in consequence of that abetment be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "161. Whoever abets the desertion of any officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army,",,,,,,,,,, "Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "162. Whoever, except as hereinafter excepted, knowing or having reason to believe",,,,,,,,,, "that an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government ofIndia, has deserted, harbours such officer, soldier, sailor or airman, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, Exception .—This provision does not extend to the case in which the harbour is given,,,,,,,,,, by the spouse of the deserter.,,,,,,,,,, "163. The master or person in charge of a merchant vessel, on board of which any",,,,,,,,,, "deserter from the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India is concealed, shall,though ignorant of such concealment, be liable to a penalty not exceeding three thousandrupees, if he might have known of such concealment but for some neglect of his duty as suchmaster or person in charge, or but for some want of discipline on board of the vessel.",,,,,,,,,, "164. Whoever abets what he knows to be an act of insubordination by an officer,",,,,,,,,,, "soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force, of the Government of India, shall, ifsuch act of insubordination be committed in consequence of that abetment, be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or withfine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "165. No person subject to the Army Act, 1950 the Indian Navy (Discipline) Act, 1934,",,,,,,,,,, "or the Air Force Act , 1950 shall be subject to punishment under this Sanhita for any of theoffences defined in this Chapter.",,,,,,,,,, "166. Whoever, not being a soldier, sailor or airman in the Army, Naval or Air service of",,,,,,,,,, "the Government of India, wears any garb or carries any token resembling any garb or tokenused by such a soldier, sailor or airman with the intention that it may be believed that he issuch a soldier, sailor or airman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description fora term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two thousandrupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER IX,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS,,,,,,,,,, 167. For the purposes of this Chapter—,,,,,,,,,, (a) “candidate” means a person who has been nominated as a candidate at any,,,,,,,,,, election;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) “electoral right” means the right of a person to stand, or not to stand as, or to",,,,,,,,,, "withdraw from being, a candidate or to vote or refrain from voting at an election.",,,,,,,,,, 168. (1) Whoever—,,,,,,,,,, (i) gives a gratification to any person with the object of inducing him or any,,,,,,,,,, "other person to exercise any electoral right or of rewarding any person for havingexercised any such right; orAbetment ofsuch assault, ifassaultcommitted.",,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, "desertion ofsoldier, sailoror airman.",,,,,,,,,, Harbouring,,,,,,,,,, deserter.,,,,,,,,,, Deserter,,,,,,,,,, concealed onboardmerchantvessel throughnegligence ofmaster.,,,,,,,,,, Abetment of,,,,,,,,,, "act ofinsubordinationby soldier,",,,,,,,,,, sailor or,,,,,,,,,, airman.,,,,,,,,,, Persons subject,,,,,,,,,, to certainActs.,,,,,,,,,, Wearing garb,,,,,,,,,, "or carryingtoken used bysoldier, sailoror airman.",,,,,,,,,, "Candidate,",,,,,,,,,, Electoral rightdefined.,,,,,,,,,, Bribery.46 of 1950.,,,,,,,,,, 45 of 1950.,,,,,,,,,, 34 of 1934.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4551,,,,,,,,,, (ii) accepts either for himself or for any other person any gratification as a reward,,,,,,,,,, "for exercising any such right or for inducing or attempting to induce any other personto exercise any such right,",,,,,,,,,, commits the offence of bribery:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that a declaration of public policy or a promise of public action shall not,,,,,,,,,, be an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) A person who offers, or agrees to give, or offers or attempts to procure, a gratification",,,,,,,,,, shall be deemed to give a gratification.,,,,,,,,,, (3) A person who obtains or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain a gratification shall,,,,,,,,,, "be deemed to accept a gratification, and a person who accepts a gratification as a motive fordoing what he does not intend to do, or as a reward for doing what he has not done, shall bedeemed to have accepted the gratification as a reward.",,,,,,,,,, 169. (1) Whoever voluntarily interferes or attempts to interfere with the free exercise of,,,,,,,,,, any electoral right commits the offence of undue influence at an election.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section ( 1), whoever—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) threatens any candidate or voter, or any person in whom a candidate or voter",,,,,,,,,, "is interested, with injury of any kind; or",,,,,,,,,, (b) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or voter to believe that he or any,,,,,,,,,, "person in whom he is interested will become or will be rendered an object of Divinedispleasure or of spiritual censure,",,,,,,,,,, shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or,,,,,,,,,, "voter, within the meaning of sub-section ( 1).",,,,,,,,,, (3) A declaration of public policy or a promise of public action or the mere exercise or,,,,,,,,,, "a legal right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall not be deemed to beinterference within the meaning of this section.",,,,,,,,,, 170. Whoever at an election applies for a voting paper on votes in the name of any,,,,,,,,,, "other person, whether living or dead, or in a fictitious name, or who having voted once atsuch election applies at the same election for a voting paper in his own name, and whoever",,,,,,,,,, "abets, procures or attempts to procure the voting by any person in any such way, commits",,,,,,,,,, the offence of personation at an election:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to a person who has been authorised,,,,,,,,,, to vote as proxy for an elector under any law for the time being in force in so far as he votes,,,,,,,,,, as a proxy for such elector.,,,,,,,,,, 171. Whoever commits the offence of bribery shall be punished with imprisonment of,,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that bribery by treating shall be punished with fine only.Explanation. — “Treating” means that form of bribery where the gratification consists,,,,,,,,,, "in food, drink, entertainment, or provision.",,,,,,,,,, 172. Whoever commits the offence of undue influence or personation at an election,,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one year or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 173. Whoever with intent to affect the result of an election makes or publishes any,,,,,,,,,, statement purporting to be a statement of fact which is false and which he either knows or,,,,,,,,,, "believes to be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to the personal character or",,,,,,,,,, conduct of any candidate shall be punished with fine.Undue,,,,,,,,,, influence atelections.,,,,,,,,,, Personation at,,,,,,,,,, elections.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for bribery.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for undueinfluence or,,,,,,,,,, personation at,,,,,,,,,, an election.,,,,,,,,,, False,,,,,,,,,, statement inconnectionwith anelection.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4552,,,,,,,,,, 174. Whoever without the general or special authority in writing of a candidate incurs,,,,,,,,,, "or authorises expenses on account of the holding of any public meeting, or upon anyadvertisement, circular or publication, or in any other way whatsoever for the purpose of",,,,,,,,,, "promoting or procuring the election of such candidate, shall be punished with fine which",,,,,,,,,, may extend to ten thousand rupees:,,,,,,,,,, Provided that if any person having incurred any such expenses not exceeding the,,,,,,,,,, amount of ten rupees without authority obtains within ten days from the date on which such,,,,,,,,,, "expenses were incurred the approval in writing of the candidate, he shall be deemed to haveincurred such expenses with the authority of the candidate.",,,,,,,,,, 175. Whoever being required by any law for the time being in force or any rule having,,,,,,,,,, the force of law to keep accounts of expenses incurred at or in connection with an electionfails to keep such accounts shall be punished with fine which may extend to five thousand,,,,,,,,,, rupees.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER X,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, "F OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY NOTES , BANK NOTES , AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS",,,,,,,,,, "176. Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of",,,,,,,,,, "counterfeiting, any coin, stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, currency-note or bank-note, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation .—For the purposes of this Chapter,—",,,,,,,,,, (1) the expression “bank-note” means a promissory note or engagement for the,,,,,,,,,, payment of money to bearer on demand issued by any person carrying on the business,,,,,,,,,, "of banking in any part of the world, or issued by or under the authority of any State or",,,,,,,,,, "Sovereign Power, and intended to be used as equivalent to, or as a substitute for",,,,,,,,,, money;,,,,,,,,,, (2) “coin” shall have the same meaning assigned to it in section 2 of the Coinage,,,,,,,,,, "Act, 2011 and includes metal used for the time being as money and is stamped and",,,,,,,,,, issued by or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power intended to be so,,,,,,,,,, used;,,,,,,,,,, (3) a person commits the offence of “counterfeiting Government stamp” who,,,,,,,,,, counterfeits by causing a genuine stamp of one denomination to appear like a genuine,,,,,,,,,, stamp of a different denomination;,,,,,,,,,, (4) a person commits the offence of counterfeiting coin who intending to practice,,,,,,,,,, "deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practiced, causes a",,,,,,,,,, genuine coin to appear like a different coin; and,,,,,,,,,, (5) the offence of “counterfeiting coin” includes diminishing the weight or,,,,,,,,,, "alteration of the composition, or alteration of the appearance of the coin.",,,,,,,,,, "177. Whoever sells or delivers to, or buys or receives from, any other person, or",,,,,,,,,, "otherwise traffics or uses as genuine, any forged or counterfeit coin, stamp issued by",,,,,,,,,, "Government for the purpose of revenue, currency-note or bank-note, knowing or having",,,,,,,,,, "reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,",,,,,,,,,, and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, "178. Whoever has in his possession any forged or counterfeit coin, stamp issued by",,,,,,,,,, "Government for the purpose of revenue, currency-note or bank-note, knowing or having",,,,,,,,,, reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit and intending to use the same as,,,,,,,,,, "genuine or that it may be used as genuine, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.Illegal",,,,,,,,,, payments inconnectionwith anelection.,,,,,,,,,, Failure to keep,,,,,,,,,, electionaccounts.,,,,,,,,,, Counterfeiting,,,,,,,,,, "coin,Governmentstamps,currency-notesor bank-notes.",,,,,,,,,, Using as,,,,,,,,,, "genuine, forged",,,,,,,,,, or counterfeit,,,,,,,,,, "coin,Government",,,,,,,,,, "stamp,",,,,,,,,,, currency-notes,,,,,,,,,, or bank-notes.,,,,,,,,,, Possession of,,,,,,,,,, forged or,,,,,,,,,, counterfeit,,,,,,,,,, "coin,",,,,,,,,,, "Governmentstamp,",,,,,,,,,, currency-notes,,,,,,,,,, or bank-notes.11 of 2011.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4553,,,,,,,,,, "179. Whoever makes or mends, or performs any part of the process of making or",,,,,,,,,, "mending, or buys or sells or disposes of, or has in his possession, any machinery, die,",,,,,,,,,, "instrument or material for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe",,,,,,,,,, "that it is intended to be used, for forging or counterfeiting any coin, stamp issued by",,,,,,,,,, "Government for the purpose of revenue, currency-note or bank-note, shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend",,,,,,,,,, "to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "180. (1) Whoever makes, or causes to be made, or uses for any purpose whatsoever,",,,,,,,,,, "or delivers to any person, any document purporting to be, or in any way resembling, or so",,,,,,,,,, "nearly resembling as to be calculated to deceive, any currency-note or bank-note shall be",,,,,,,,,, punished with fine which may extend to three hundred rupees.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) If any person, whose name appears on a document the making of which is an",,,,,,,,,, "offence under sub-section ( 1), refuses, without lawful excuse, to disclose to a police-officer",,,,,,,,,, on being so required the name and address of the person by whom it was printed or otherwise,,,,,,,,,, "made, he shall be punished with fine which may extend to six hundred rupees.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Where the name of any person appears on any document in respect of which any,,,,,,,,,, person is charged with an offence under sub-section ( 1) or on any other document used or,,,,,,,,,, "distributed in connection with that document it may, until the contrary is proved, be presumed",,,,,,,,,, that the person caused the document to be made.,,,,,,,,,, "181. Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government, removes or",,,,,,,,,, "effaces from any substance, bearing any stamp issued by Government for the purpose ofrevenue, any writing or document for which such stamp has been used, or removes from any",,,,,,,,,, "writing or document a stamp which has been used for such writing or document, in order that",,,,,,,,,, "such stamp may be used for a different writing or document, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or",,,,,,,,,, with both.,,,,,,,,,, "182. Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government, uses for",,,,,,,,,, "any purpose a stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, which he knows to",,,,,,,,,, "have been before used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "183. Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to Government, erases or",,,,,,,,,, "removes from a stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, any mark, put orimpressed upon such stamp for the purpose of denoting that the same has been used, or",,,,,,,,,, knowingly has in his possession or sells or disposes of any such stamp from which such,,,,,,,,,, "mark has been erased or removed, or sells or disposes of any such stamp which he knows tohave been used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which",,,,,,,,,, "may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 184. (1) Whoever—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) makes, knowingly utters, deals in or sells any fictitious stamp, or knowingly",,,,,,,,,, uses for any postal purpose any fictitious stamp; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) has in his possession, without lawful excuse, any fictitious stamp; or",,,,,,,,,, "(c) makes or, without lawful excuse, has in his possession any die, plate,",,,,,,,,,, "instrument or materials for making any fictitious stamp,Makinhg or",,,,,,,,,, possessing,,,,,,,,,, instruments or,,,,,,,,,, materials for,,,,,,,,,, forging orcounterfeiting,,,,,,,,,, "coin,",,,,,,,,,, Government,,,,,,,,,, "stamp,",,,,,,,,,, currency-notesor bank-notes.,,,,,,,,,, Making or,,,,,,,,,, using,,,,,,,,,, documents,,,,,,,,,, resembling,,,,,,,,,, currency-notesor bank-notes..,,,,,,,,,, Effacing,,,,,,,,,, writing from,,,,,,,,,, substancebearing,,,,,,,,,, Government,,,,,,,,,, "stamp, or",,,,,,,,,, removing,,,,,,,,,, document a,,,,,,,,,, stamp used for,,,,,,,,,, "it,with intentto cause loss to",,,,,,,,,, Government.,,,,,,,,,, Using,,,,,,,,,, Government,,,,,,,,,, stamp known,,,,,,,,,, to have been,,,,,,,,,, before used.,,,,,,,,,, Erasure of,,,,,,,,,, mark denoting,,,,,,,,,, that stamp has,,,,,,,,,, been used.,,,,,,,,,, Prohibition of,,,,,,,,,, fictitious,,,,,,,,,, stamps.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4054,,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Any such stamp, die, plate, instrument or materials in the possession of any person",,,,,,,,,, "for making any fictitious stamp may be seized and, if seized shall be forfeited.",,,,,,,,,, (3) In this section “fictitious stamp” means any stamp falsely purporting to be issued,,,,,,,,,, "by Government for the purpose of denoting a rate of postage, or any facsimile or imitation or",,,,,,,,,, "representation, whether on paper or otherwise, of any stamp issued by Government for thatpurpose.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) In this section and also in sections 176 to 179, and sections 181 to 183 both",,,,,,,,,, "inclusive, the word “Government”, when used in connection with, or in reference to any",,,,,,,,,, "stamp issued for the purpose of denoting a rate of postage, shall, notwithstanding anything",,,,,,,,,, "in clause ( 11) of section 2, be deemed to include the person or persons authorised by law to",,,,,,,,,, administer executive Government in any part of India or in any foreign country.,,,,,,,,,, "185. Whoever, being employed in any mint lawfully established in India, does any act,",,,,,,,,,, "or omits what he is legally bound to do, with the intention of causing any coin issued from",,,,,,,,,, that mint to be of a different weight or composition from the weight or composition fixed by,,,,,,,,,, "law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend toseven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "186. Whoever, without lawful authority, takes out of any mint, lawfully established in",,,,,,,,,, "India, any coining tool or instrument, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, C,,,,,,,,,, HAPTER XI,,,,,,,,,, OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY,,,,,,,,,, "187. (1) An assembly of five or more persons is designated an “unlawful assembly”, if",,,,,,,,,, the common object of the persons composing that assembly is —,,,,,,,,,, "(a) to overawe by criminal force, or show of criminal force, the Central Government",,,,,,,,,, "or any State Government or Parliament or the Legislature of any State, or any public",,,,,,,,,, servant in the exercise of the lawful power of such public servant; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) to resist the execution of any law, or of any legal process; or",,,,,,,,,, "(c) to commit any mischief or criminal trespass, or other offence; or",,,,,,,,,, "(d) by means of criminal force, or show of criminal force, to any person, to take or",,,,,,,,,, "obtain possession of any property, or to deprive any person of the enjoyment of aright of way, or of the use of water or other incorporeal right of which he is in possession",,,,,,,,,, "or enjoyment, or to enforce any right or supposed right; or",,,,,,,,,, "(e) by means of criminal force, or show of criminal force, to compel any person to",,,,,,,,,, "do what he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do what he is legally entitled to do.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation .—An assembly which was not unlawful when it assembled, may",,,,,,,,,, subsequently become an unlawful assembly.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, being aware of facts which render any assembly an unlawful assembly,",,,,,,,,,, "intentionally joins that assembly, or continues in it, is said to be a member of an unlawful",,,,,,,,,, "assembly and such member shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever joins or continues in an unlawful assembly, knowing that such unlawful",,,,,,,,,, "assembly has been commanded in the manner prescribed by law to disperse, shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with",,,,,,,,,, "fine, or with both.Person",,,,,,,,,, employed inmint causing,,,,,,,,,, coin to be of,,,,,,,,,, different,,,,,,,,,, weight or,,,,,,,,,, composition,,,,,,,,,, from that,,,,,,,,,, fixed by law.,,,,,,,,,, Unlawfully,,,,,,,,,, taking coining,,,,,,,,,, instrumentfrom mints.,,,,,,,,,, Unlawful,,,,,,,,,, assembly.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4555,,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever, being armed with any deadly weapon, or with anything which, used as a",,,,,,,,,, "weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, is a member of an unlawful assembly, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years,",,,,,,,,,, "or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (5) Whoever knowingly joins or continues in any assembly of five or more persons,,,,,,,,,, "likely to cause a disturbance of the public peace, after such assembly has been lawfully",,,,,,,,,, "commanded to disperse, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation .—If the assembly is an unlawful assembly within the meaning of,,,,,,,,,, "sub-section ( 1), the offender shall be punishable under sub-section ( 3).",,,,,,,,,, "(6) Whoever hires or engages, or employs, or promotes, or connives at the hiring,",,,,,,,,,, engagement or employment of any person to join or become a member of any unlawful,,,,,,,,,, "assembly, shall be punishable as a member of such unlawful assembly, and for any offence",,,,,,,,,, "which may be committed by any such person as a member of such unlawful assembly inpursuance of such hiring, engagement or employment, in the same manner as if he had been",,,,,,,,,, "a member of such unlawful assembly, or himself had committed such offence.",,,,,,,,,, "(7) Whoever harbours, receives or assembles, in any house or premises in his",,,,,,,,,, "occupation or charge, or under his control any persons knowing that such persons have",,,,,,,,,, "been hired, engaged or employed, or are about to be hired, engaged or employed, to join or",,,,,,,,,, "become members of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(8) Whoever is engaged, or hired, or offers or attempts to be hired or engaged, to do or",,,,,,,,,, "assist in doing any of the acts specified in sub-section ( 1), shall be punished with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(9) Whoever, being so engaged or hired as referred to in sub-section ( 8), goes armed,",,,,,,,,,, "or engages or offers to go armed, with any deadly weapon or with anything which used as aweapon of offence is likely to cause death, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 188. If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution,,,,,,,,,, "of the common object of that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to belikely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who, at the time of thecommitting of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is guilty of that offence",,,,,,,,,, .,,,,,,,,,, "189. (1) Whenever force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly, or by any",,,,,,,,,, "member thereof, in prosecution of the common object of such assembly, every member ofsuch assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever is guilty of rioting, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever is guilty of rioting, being armed with a deadly weapon or with anything",,,,,,,,,, "which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, "190.Whoever malignantly, or wantonly by doing anything which is illegal, gives",,,,,,,,,, "provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation willcause the offence of rioting to be committed, shall, if the offence of rioting be committed inconsequence of such provocation, be punished with imprisonment of either description fora term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both; and if the offence of riotingbe not committed, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sixmonths, or with fine, or with both.Every member",,,,,,,,,, of unlawful,,,,,,,,,, assembly guilty,,,,,,,,,, of offence,,,,,,,,,, committed inpersecution of,,,,,,,,,, common,,,,,,,,,, object.,,,,,,,,,, Rioting.,,,,,,,,,, Wantonly,,,,,,,,,, giving,,,,,,,,,, provocationwith intent to,,,,,,,,,, cause riot-if,,,,,,,,,, rioting be,,,,,,,,,, committed; if,,,,,,,,,, not,,,,,,,,,, committed.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4556,,,,,,,,,, "191. (1) Whenever any unlawful assembly or riot takes place, the owner or occupier of",,,,,,,,,, "the land upon which such unlawful assembly is held, or such riot is committed, and anyperson having or claiming an interest in such land, shall be punishable with fine not exceedingone thousand rupees, if he or his agent or manager, knowing that such offence is being orhas been committed, or having reason to believe it is likely to be committed, do not give theearliest notice thereof in his or their power to the officer in charge at the nearest police-station, and do not, in the case of his or their having reason to believe that it was about to becommitted, use all lawful means in his or their power to prevent it and, in the event of itstaking place, do not use all lawful means in his or their power to disperse or suppress the riotor unlawful assembly.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whenever a riot is committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the,,,,,,,,,, "owner or occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place or who claims anyinterest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the riot, or who hasaccepted or derived any benefit therefrom, such person shall be punishable with fine, if he orhis agent or manager, having reason to believe that such riot was likely to be committed orthat the unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall notrespectively use all lawful means in his or their power to prevent such assembly or riot fromtaking place, and for suppressing and dispersing the same.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whenever a riot is committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the,,,,,,,,,, "owner or occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place, or who claims anyinterest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the riot, or who hasaccepted or derived any benefit therefrom, the agent or manager of such person shall bepunishable with fine, if such agent or manager, having reason to believe that such riot was",,,,,,,,,, "likely to be committed, or that the unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was",,,,,,,,,, "likely to be held, shall not use all lawful means in his power to prevent such riot or assemblyfrom taking place and for suppressing and dispersing the same.",,,,,,,,,, "192. (1) When two or more persons, by fighting in a public place, disturb the public",,,,,,,,,, "peace, they are said to commit an affray.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever commits an affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description",,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one thousandrupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 193. (1) Whoever assaults or obstructs any public servant or uses criminal force on,,,,,,,,,, any public servant in the discharge of his duty in endeavouring to disperse an unlawful,,,,,,,,,, "assembly, or to suppress a riot or affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine which shall not be less",,,,,,,,,, "than twenty-five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever threatens to assault or attempts to obstruct any public servant or threaten,,,,,,,,,, "or attempts to use criminal force to any public servant in the discharge of his duty inendeavouring to disperse an unlawful assembly, or to suppress a riot or affray, shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or",,,,,,,,,, "with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 194. (1) Whoever—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations",,,,,,,,,, "or through electronic communication or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote,",,,,,,,,,, "on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community orany other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will",,,,,,,,,, "between different religious, racials, language or regional groups or castes or",,,,,,,,,, communities; orLiability of,,,,,,,,,, "owner,occupier, etc.,",,,,,,,,,, of land on,,,,,,,,,, which an,,,,,,,,,, unlawful,,,,,,,,,, assembly orriot takes,,,,,,,,,, place.,,,,,,,,,, Affray.,,,,,,,,,, Assaulting or,,,,,,,,,, obstructing,,,,,,,,,, public servant,,,,,,,,,, when,,,,,,,,,, supperssing,,,,,,,,,, "riot, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Promoting,,,,,,,,,, enmity,,,,,,,,,, between,,,,,,,,,, different,,,,,,,,,, groups on,,,,,,,,,, ground of,,,,,,,,,, "religion, race,",,,,,,,,,, "place of birth,residence,",,,,,,,,,, "language, etc.,",,,,,,,,,, and doing acts,,,,,,,,,, prejudicial to,,,,,,,,,, maintenanceof harmony.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4557,,,,,,,,,, (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between,,,,,,,,,, "different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, andwhich disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquility; or",,,,,,,,,, "(c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that",,,,,,,,,, the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence,,,,,,,,,, or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to,,,,,,,,,, "use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or betrained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants",,,,,,,,,, "in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any",,,,,,,,,, "religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activityfor any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of",,,,,,,,,, "insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or",,,,,,,,,, "caste or community,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with",,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section ( 1) in any place of worship,,,,,,,,,, "or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies,shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable",,,,,,,,,, to fine.,,,,,,,,,, "195. (1) Whoever, by words either spoken or written or by signs or by visible",,,,,,,,,, "representations or through electronic communication or otherwise,—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) makes or publishes any imputation that any class of persons cannot, by",,,,,,,,,, "reason of their being members of any religious, racial, language or regional group or",,,,,,,,,, "caste or community, bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law",,,,,,,,,, established or uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) asserts, counsels, advises, propagates or publishes that any class of persons",,,,,,,,,, "shall, by reason of their being members of any religious, racial, language or regional",,,,,,,,,, "group or caste or community, be denied, or deprived of their rights as citizens of India; or",,,,,,,,,, "(c) makes or publishes any assertion, counsel, plea or appeal concerning the",,,,,,,,,, "obligation of any class of persons, by reason of their being members of any religious,",,,,,,,,,, "racial, language or regional group or caste or community, and such assertion, counsel,",,,,,,,,,, plea or appeal causes or is likely to cause disharmony or feelings of enmity or hatred or,,,,,,,,,, ill-will between such members and other persons; or,,,,,,,,,, (d) makes or publishes false or misleading information jeopardising the,,,,,,,,,, "sovereignty unity and integrity or security of India,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with",,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section ( 1) in any place of worship,,,,,,,,,, "or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable,,,,,,,,,, to fine.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XII,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERV ANTS,,,,,,,,,, "196. Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as",,,,,,,,,, "to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending to cause, or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that he will by such disobedience, cause injury to any person, shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or",,,,,,,,,, "with both.Imputations,",,,,,,,,,, assertions,,,,,,,,,, prejudicial tonational,,,,,,,,,, integration.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, "disobeying law,with intent to",,,,,,,,,, cause injury to,,,,,,,,,, any person.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4558,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, being an officer directed by law to take property in execution, in order to satisfy a",,,,,,,,,, "decree pronounced in Z’s favour by a Court, knowingly disobeys that direction of law, with",,,,,,,,,, the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause injury to Z. A has committed the offence,,,,,,,,,, defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, "197. Whoever, being a public servant,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) knowingly disobeys any direction of the law which prohibits him from requiring,,,,,,,,,, the attendance at any place of any person for the purpose of investigation into an,,,,,,,,,, offence or any other matter; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) knowingly disobeys, to the prejudice of any person, any other direction of",,,,,,,,,, the law regulating the manner in which he shall conduct such investigation; or,,,,,,,,,, (c) fails to record any information given to him under sub-section ( 1) of,,,,,,,,,, "section 174 of the Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 in relation to cognizable",,,,,,,,,, "offence punishable under section 64, section 65 section 66, section 67, section 68,",,,,,,,,,, "section 71, section 73, section 76, section 122 or section 141 or section 142,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than,,,,,,,,,, "six months but which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "198. Whoever, being in charge of a hospital, public or private, whether run by the",,,,,,,,,, "Central Government, the State Government, local bodies or any other person, contravenes",,,,,,,,,, "the provisions of section 449 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, shall be",,,,,,,,,, punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or with,,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, "199. Whoever, being a public servant, and being, as such public servant, charged with",,,,,,,,,, "the preparation or translation of any document or electronic record, frames, prepares or",,,,,,,,,, "translates that document or electronic record in a manner which he knows or believes to beincorrect, intending thereby to cause or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause",,,,,,,,,, "injury to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "200. Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant",,,,,,,,,, "not to engage in trade, engages in trade, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a",,,,,,,,,, "term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both or with community service.",,,,,,,,,, "201. Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant,",,,,,,,,,, "not to purchase or bid for certain property, purchases or bids for that property, either in his",,,,,,,,,, "own name or in the name of another, or jointly, or in shares with others, shall be punishedwith simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "and the property, if purchased, shall be confiscated.",,,,,,,,,, "202. Whoever pretends to hold any particular office as a public servant, knowing that",,,,,,,,,, "he does not hold such office or falsely personates any other person holding such office, and",,,,,,,,,, "in such assumed character does or attempts to do any act under colour of such office, shall",,,,,,,,,, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less thansix months but which may extend to three years and with fine.,,,,,,,,,, "203. Whoever, not belonging to a certain class of public servants, wears any garb or",,,,,,,,,, "carries any token resembling any garb or token used by that class of public servants, withthe intention that it may be believed, or with the knowledge that it is likely to be believed, that",,,,,,,,,, "he belongs to that class of public servants, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend tofive thousand rupees, or with both.Public servant",,,,,,,,,, disobeying,,,,,,,,,, direction under,,,,,,,,,, law.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for non-,,,,,,,,,, treatment of,,,,,,,,,, victim.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, framing an,,,,,,,,,, incorrect,,,,,,,,,, document withintent to cause,,,,,,,,,, injury.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, unlawfully,,,,,,,,,, engaging in,,,,,,,,,, trade.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, unlawfully,,,,,,,,,, buying or,,,,,,,,,, bidding for,,,,,,,,,, property.,,,,,,,,,, Personating a,,,,,,,,,, public servant.,,,,,,,,,, Wearing garb,,,,,,,,,, or carrying,,,,,,,,,, token used by,,,,,,,,,, public servant,,,,,,,,,, with fraudulent,,,,,,,,,, intent.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4559,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XIII,,,,,,,,,, OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERV ANTS,,,,,,,,,, "204. Whoever absconds in order to avoid being served with a summons, notice or",,,,,,,,,, "order proceeding from any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue",,,,,,,,,, "such summons, notice or order,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) where such summons or notice or order is to attend in person or by agent, or",,,,,,,,,, to produce a document or an electronic record in a Court shall punished with simple,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend",,,,,,,,,, "to ten thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "205. Whoever in any manner intentionally prevents the serving on himself, or on any",,,,,,,,,, "other person, of any summons, notice or order proceeding from any public servant legally",,,,,,,,,, "competent, as such public servant, to issue such summons, notice or order, or intentionallyprevents the lawful affixing to any place of any such summons, notice or orderor intentionally",,,,,,,,,, "removes any such summons, notice or order from any place to which it is lawfully affixed or",,,,,,,,,, "intentionally prevents the lawful making of any proclamation, under the authority of anypublic servant legally competent, as such public servant, to direct such proclamation to be",,,,,,,,,, "made,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one month or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) where the summons, notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by",,,,,,,,,, "agent, or to produce a document or electronic record in a Court with simple imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to tenthousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ", or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "206. Whoever, being legally bound to attend in person or by an agent at a certain place",,,,,,,,,, "and time in obedience to a summons, notice, order, or proclamation proceeding from anypublic servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue the same, intentionallyomits to attend at that place or time or departs from the place where he is bound to attendbefore the time at which it is lawful for him to depart,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) where the summons, notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by",,,,,,,,,, "agent in a Court with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months,or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ",or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, being legally bound to appear before a High Court, in obedience to a",,,,,,,,,, "subpoena issuing from that Court, intentionally omits to appear. A has committed theoffence defined in this section.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, being legally bound to appear before a District Judge, as a witness, in",,,,,,,,,, obedience to a summons issued by that District Judge intentionally omits to appear. Ahas committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, 207. Whoever fails to appear at the specified place and the specified time as required,,,,,,,,,, by a proclamation published under sub-section ( 1) of section 84 of the Bhartiya Nagarik,,,,,,,,,, "Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 ",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "three years or with fine or with both or with community service, and where a declaration hasbeen made under sub-section ( 4) of that section pronouncing him as a proclaimed offender,",,,,,,,,,, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and shallalso be liable to fine.Absconding to,,,,,,,,,, avoid service,,,,,,,,,, of summons or,,,,,,,,,, other,,,,,,,,,, proceeding.,,,,,,,,,, Preventing,,,,,,,,,, service of,,,,,,,,,, summons or,,,,,,,,,, other,,,,,,,,,, "proceeding, or",,,,,,,,,, preventingpublication,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Non-,,,,,,,,,, attendance in,,,,,,,,,, obedience to,,,,,,,,,, an order from,,,,,,,,,, public servant.,,,,,,,,,, Non-,,,,,,,,,, appearance in,,,,,,,,,, response to a,,,,,,,,,, proclamation,,,,,,,,,, under section82 of Bhartiya,,,,,,,,,, Nagarik,,,,,,,,,, Suraksha,,,,,,,,,, Sunhita 2023.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4560,,,,,,,,,, "208. Whoever, being legally bound to produce or deliver up any document or electronic",,,,,,,,,, "record to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits so to produce or deliver up thesame,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, (b) and where the document or electronic record is to be produced or delivered,,,,,,,,,, "up to a Court with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, orwith fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, being legally bound to produce a document before a District Court, intentionally",,,,,,,,,, omits to produce the same. A has committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, "209. Whoever, being legally bound to give any notice or to furnish information on any",,,,,,,,,, "subject to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits to give such notice or to furnishsuch information in the manner and at the time required by law,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, (b) where the notice or information required to be given respects the commission,,,,,,,,,, "of an offence, or is required for the purpose of preventing the commission of anoffence, or in order to the apprehension of an offender, with simple imprisonment for aterm which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousandrupees, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, (c) where the notice or information required to be given is required by an order,,,,,,,,,, "passed under section 447 of the Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or withfine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "210. Whoever, being legally bound to furnish information on any subject to any",,,,,,,,,, "public servant, as such, furnishes, as true, information on the subject which he knows or hasreason to believe to be false,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ", or with both;",,,,,,,,,, (b) where the information which he is legally bound to give respects the,,,,,,,,,, "commission of an offence, or is required for the purpose of preventing the commissionof an offence, or in order to the apprehension of an offender, with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, " (a) A, a landholder, knowing of the commission of a murder within the limits of",,,,,,,,,, "his estate, wilfully misinforms the Magistrate of the district that the death has occurredby accident in consequence of the bite of a snake. A is guilty of the offence defined inthis section.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, a village watchman, knowing that a considerable body of strangers has",,,,,,,,,, "passed through his village in order to commit a dacoity in the house of Z, residing in aneighbouring place, and being section 28 of the",,,,,,,,,, " Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,",,,,,,,,,, "2023 to give early and punctual information of the above fact to the officer of thenearest police-station, wilfully misinforms the police officer that a body of suspiciouscharacters passed through the village with a view to commit dacoity in a certain distantplace in a different direction. Here A is guilty of the offence defined in the latter part ofthis section.Omission to",,,,,,,,,, produce,,,,,,,,,, document to,,,,,,,,,, public servant,,,,,,,,,, by person,,,,,,,,,, legally bound,,,,,,,,,, to produce it.,,,,,,,,,, Omission to,,,,,,,,,, give notice or,,,,,,,,,, information to,,,,,,,,,, public servant,,,,,,,,,, by person,,,,,,,,,, legally bound,,,,,,,,,, to give it.,,,,,,,,,, Furnishing,,,,,,,,,, false,,,,,,,,,, information.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4561,,,,,,,,,, Explanation .—In section 209 and in this section the word “offence” include any act,,,,,,,,,, "committed at any place out of India, which, if committed in India, would be punishableunder any of the following sections, namely, 97, 99, 172, 173, 174, 175, 301, clauses ( b) to",,,,,,,,,, "(d) of section 303, sections 304, 305, 306, 320, 325 and 326 and the word “offender”",,,,,,,,,, includes any person who is alleged to have been guilty of any such act.,,,,,,,,,, "211. Whoever refuses to bind himself by an oath or affirmation to state the truth,",,,,,,,,,, "when required so to bind himself by a public servant legally competent to require that heshall so bind himself, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "212. Whoever, being legally bound to state the truth on any subject to any public",,,,,,,,,, "servant, refuses to answer any question demanded of him touching that subject by suchpublic servant in the exercise of the legal powers of such public servant, shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which",,,,,,,,,, "may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "213. Whoever refuses to sign any statement made by him, when required to sign",,,,,,,,,, "that statement by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall sign thatstatement, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to",,,,,,,,,, "three months, or with fine which may extend to three thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "214. Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or affirmation to state the truth on",,,,,,,,,, "any subject to any public servant or other person authorised by law to administer suchoath or affirmation, makes, to such public servant or other person as aforesaid, touching",,,,,,,,,, "that subject, any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be",,,,,,,,,, "false or does not believe to be true, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 215. Whoever gives to any public servant any information which he knows or,,,,,,,,,, "believes to be false, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he willthereby cause, such public servant—",,,,,,,,,, (a) to do or omit anything which such public servant ought not to do or omit,,,,,,,,,, if the true state of facts respecting which such information is given were known byhim; or,,,,,,,,,, (b) to use the lawful power of such public servant to the injury or annoyance,,,,,,,,,, "of any person,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "one year, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A informs a Magistrate that Z, a police-officer, subordinate to such Magistrate,",,,,,,,,,, "has been guilty of neglect of duty or misconduct, knowing such information to be false,",,,,,,,,,, and knowing it to be likely that the information will cause the Magistrate to dismiss Z. Ahas committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A falsely informs a public servant that Z has contraband salt in a secret place,",,,,,,,,,, "knowing such information to be false, and knowing that it is likely that the consequence",,,,,,,,,, "of the information will be a search of Z’s premises, attended with annoyance to Z. A has",,,,,,,,,, committed the offence defined in this section.Refusing oath,,,,,,,,,, or affirmation,,,,,,,,,, when duly,,,,,,,,,, required by,,,,,,,,,, public servant,,,,,,,,,, to make it.,,,,,,,,,, Refusing to,,,,,,,,,, answer public,,,,,,,,,, servantauthorised to,,,,,,,,,, question.,,,,,,,,,, Refusing to,,,,,,,,,, sign statement.,,,,,,,,,, False,,,,,,,,,, statement on,,,,,,,,,, oath or,,,,,,,,,, affirmation topublic sevant,,,,,,,,,, or person,,,,,,,,,, authorised to,,,,,,,,,, administer an,,,,,,,,,, oath oraffirmation.,,,,,,,,,, False,,,,,,,,,, "information,with intent tocause publicservant to usehis lawfulpower to theinjury ofanotherperson.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4062,,,,,,,,,, (c) A falsely informs a policeman that he has been assaulted and robbed in the,,,,,,,,,, "neighbourhood of a particular village. He does not mention the name of any person as oneof his assailants, but knows it to be likely that in consequence of this information the",,,,,,,,,, police will make enquiries and institute searches in the village to the annoyance of the,,,,,,,,,, villagers or some of them. A has committed an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, 216. Whoever offers any resistance to the taking of any property by the lawful,,,,,,,,,, "authority of any public servant, knowing or having reason to believe that he is suchpublic servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which",,,,,,,,,, "may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with",,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, 217. Whoever intentionally obstructs any sale of property offered for sale by the,,,,,,,,,, "lawful authority of any public servant, as such, shall be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "218. Whoever, at any sale of property held by the lawful authority of a public",,,,,,,,,, "servant, as such, purchases or bids for any property on account of any person, whether",,,,,,,,,, "himself or any other, whom he knows to be under a legal incapacity to purchase thatproperty at that sale, or bids for such property not intending to perform the obligations",,,,,,,,,, "under which he lays himself by such bidding, shall be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which mayextend to two hundred rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 219. Whoever voluntarily obstructs any public servant in the discharge of his,,,,,,,,,, "public functions, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand five",,,,,,,,,, "hundred rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "220. Whoever, being bound by law to render or furnish assistance to any public",,,,,,,,,, "servant in the execution of his public duty, intentionally omits to give such assistance,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend,,,,,,,,,, "to one month, or with fine which may extend to two thousand five hundred rupees,or with both;",,,,,,,,,, (b) and where such assistance be demanded of him by a public servant legally,,,,,,,,,, "competent to make such demand for the purposes of executing any process lawfullyissued by a Court or of preventing the commission of an offence, or suppressing a",,,,,,,,,, "riot, or affray, or of apprehending a person charged with or guilty of an offence, or",,,,,,,,,, "of having escaped from lawful custody, shall be punished with simple imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five",,,,,,,,,, "thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "221. Whoever, knowing that, by an order promulgated by a public servant lawfully",,,,,,,,,, "empowered to promulgate such order, he is directed to abstain from a certain act, or to take",,,,,,,,,, "certain order with certain property in his possession or under his management, disobeys",,,,,,,,,, "such direction,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) shall, if such disobedience causes or tends to cause obstruction, annoyance",,,,,,,,,, "or injury, or risk of obstruction, annoyance or injury, to any persons lawfully employed,",,,,,,,,,, "be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months orwith fine which may extend to two thousand five hundred rupees, or with both;Resistance to",,,,,,,,,, the taking ofproperty bythe lawfulauthority of apublic servant.,,,,,,,,,, Obstructing,,,,,,,,,, sale ofpropertyoffered for saleby authority ofpublic servant.,,,,,,,,,, Illegal purchase,,,,,,,,,, or bid forpropertyoffered for saleby authority ofpublic servant.,,,,,,,,,, Obstructing,,,,,,,,,, public servantin discharge ofpublicfunctions.,,,,,,,,,, Omission to,,,,,,,,,, assist publicservant whenbound by lawto giveassistance.,,,,,,,,,, Disobedience,,,,,,,,,, to order dulypromulgatedby publicservant.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4563,,,,,,,,,, (b) and where such disobedience causes or tends to cause danger to human,,,,,,,,,, "life, health or safety, or causes or tends to cause a riot or affray, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or",,,,,,,,,, "with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation. —It is not necessary that the offender should intend to produce harm,",,,,,,,,,, or contemplate his disobedience as likely to produce harm. It is sufficient that he knows of,,,,,,,,,, "the order which he disobeys, and that his disobedience produces, or is likely to produce,",,,,,,,,,, harm.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, An order is promulgated by a public servant lawfully empowered to promulgate,,,,,,,,,, "such order, directing that a religious procession shall not pass down a certain street. A",,,,,,,,,, "knowingly disobeys the order, and thereby causes danger of riot. A has committed the",,,,,,,,,, offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, "222. Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person",,,,,,,,,, "in whom he believes that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing thatpublic servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the",,,,,,,,,, "exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 223. Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any person for the purpose of,,,,,,,,,, inducing that person to refrain or desist from making a legal application for protection,,,,,,,,,, "against any injury to any public servant legally empowered as such to give such protection,or to cause such protection to be given, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 224. Whoever attempts to commit suicide with the intent to compel or restrain any,,,,,,,,,, public servant from discharging his official duty shall be punished with simple imprisonment,,,,,,,,,, for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or with both or with community,,,,,,,,,, service.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XIV,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE,,,,,,,,,, "225. Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to",,,,,,,,,, "state the truth, or being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes anystatement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not",,,,,,,,,, "believe to be true, is said to give false evidence.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—A statement is within the meaning of this section, whether it is",,,,,,,,,, made verbally or otherwise.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—A false statement as to the belief of the person attesting is within,,,,,,,,,, "the meaning of this section, and a person may be guilty of giving false evidence by",,,,,,,,,, "stating that he believes a thing which he does not believe, as well as by stating that he",,,,,,,,,, knows a thing which he does not know.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, in support of a just claim which B has against Z for one thousand rupees,",,,,,,,,,, falsely swears on a trial that he heard Z admit the justice of B’s claim. A has given false,,,,,,,,,, evidence.Threat of,,,,,,,,,, injury topublic servant.,,,,,,,,,, Threat of,,,,,,,,,, injury toinduce personto refrainfrom applyingfor protectionto publicservant.,,,,,,,,,, Attempt to,,,,,,,,,, commit suicideto compel orrestraintexercise oflawful power.,,,,,,,,,, Giving false,,,,,,,,,, evidence.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4064,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, being bound by an oath to state the truth, states that he believes a certain",,,,,,,,,, "signature to be the handwriting of Z, when he does not believe it to be the handwriting ofZ. Here A states that which he knows to be false, and therefore gives false evidence.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, knowing the general character of Z’s handwriting, states that he believes a",,,,,,,,,, "certain signature to be the handwriting of Z; A in good faith believing it to be so. Here A’sstatement is merely as to his belief, and is true as to his belief, and therefore, although the",,,,,,,,,, "signature may not be the handwriting of Z, A has not given false evidence.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A, being bound by an oath to state the truth, states that he knows that Z was at",,,,,,,,,, "a particular place on a particular day, not knowing anything upon the subject. A gives",,,,,,,,,, false evidence whether Z was at that place on the day named or not.,,,,,,,,,, "(e) A, an interpreter or translator, gives or certifies as a true interpretation or",,,,,,,,,, translation of a statement or document which he is bound by oath to interpret or translate,,,,,,,,,, "truly, that which is not and which he does not believe to be a true interpretation or",,,,,,,,,, translation. A has given false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 226. Whoever causes any circumstance to exist or makes any false entry in any,,,,,,,,,, "book or record, or electronic record or makes any document or electronic record containing",,,,,,,,,, "a false statement, intending that such circumstance, false entry or false statement mayappear in evidence in a judicial proceeding, or in a proceeding taken by law before a public",,,,,,,,,, "servant as such, or before an arbitrator, and that such circumstance, false entry or false",,,,,,,,,, "statement, so appearing in evidence, may cause any person who in such proceeding is toform an opinion upon the evidence, to entertain an erroneous opinion touching any point",,,,,,,,,, material to the result of such proceeding is said “to fabricate false evidence”.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A puts jewels into a box belonging to Z, with the intention that they may be",,,,,,,,,, "found in that box, and that this circumstance may cause Z to be convicted of theft. A has",,,,,,,,,, fabricated false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, (b) A makes a false entry in his shop-book for the purpose of using it as corroborative,,,,,,,,,, evidence in a Court. A has fabricated false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, with the intention of causing Z to be convicted of a criminal conspiracy, writes",,,,,,,,,, "a letter in imitation of Z’s handwriting, purporting to be addressed to an accomplice in",,,,,,,,,, "such criminal conspiracy, and puts the letter in a place which he knows that the officers of",,,,,,,,,, the police are likely to search. A has fabricated false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, "227. (1) Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any of a judicial proceeding,",,,,,,,,,, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage of a judicial,,,,,,,,,, "proceeding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to ten",,,,,,,,,, thousand rupees.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever intentionally gives or fabricates false evidence in any case other than,,,,,,,,,, "that referred to in sub-section ( 1), shall be punished with imprisonment of either description",,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine which may",,,,,,,,,, extend to five thousand rupees.Fabricating,,,,,,,,,, false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, Punishment,,,,,,,,,, for falseevidence.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4065,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—A trial before a Court-martial is a judicial proceeding.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—An investigation directed by law preliminary to a proceeding before,,,,,,,,,, "a Court is a stage of a judicial proceeding, though that investigation may not take place",,,,,,,,,, before a Court.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, in an enquiry before a Magistrate for the purpose of ascertaining whether Z",,,,,,,,,, "ought to be committed for trial, makes on oath a statement which he knows to be false. As",,,,,,,,,, "this enquiry is a stage of a judicial proceeding, A has given false evidence.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 3.—An investigation directed by a Court according to law, and",,,,,,,,,, "conducted under the authority of a Court is a stage of a judicial proceeding, though that",,,,,,,,,, investigation may not take place before a Court.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, in an enquiry before an officer deputed by a Court to ascertain on the spot the",,,,,,,,,, "boundaries of land, makes on oath a statement which he knows to be false. As this",,,,,,,,,, "enquiry is a stage of a judicial proceeding, A has given false evidence.",,,,,,,,,, "228. (1) Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of anoffence which is capital by the law for the time being in force in India shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to",,,,,,,,,, "ten years, and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, (2) If an innocent person be convicted and executed in consequence of false,,,,,,,,,, "evidence referred in sub-section ( 1), the person who gives such false evidence shall be",,,,,,,,,, punished either with death or the punishment hereinbefore described.,,,,,,,,,, "229. Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence intending thereby to cause, or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of anoffence which by the law for the time being in force in India is not capital, but punishable",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term of seven years or upwards, shall be",,,,,,,,,, punished as a person convicted of that offence would be liable to be punished.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, A gives false evidence before a Court intending thereby to cause Z to be convicted,,,,,,,,,, "of a dacoity. The punishment of dacoity is imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to ten years, with or without fine. A, therefore, is liable toimprisonment for life or imprisonment, with or without fine.",,,,,,,,,, "230. (1) Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or",,,,,,,,,, "property or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with",,,,,,,,,, "intent to cause that person to give false evidence shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (2) If innocent person is convicted and sentenced in consequence of false evidence,,,,,,,,,, "referred to in sub-section ( 1), with death or imprisonment for more than seven years, the",,,,,,,,,, person who threatens shall be punished with the same punishment and sentence in the,,,,,,,,,, same manner and to the same extent such innocent person is punished and sentenced.Giving or,,,,,,,,,, fabricatingfalse evidencewith intent toprocureconviction ofcapitaloffence.,,,,,,,,,, Giving or,,,,,,,,,, fabricatingfalse evidencewith intent toprocureconviction ofoffencepunishable withimprisonmentfor life orimprisonment.,,,,,,,,,, Threatening,,,,,,,,,, any person togive falseevidence.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4066,,,,,,,,,, 231. Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true or genuine evidence any,,,,,,,,,, "evidence which he knows to be false or fabricated, shall be punished in the same manneras if he gave or fabricated false evidence.",,,,,,,,,, "232. Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed,",,,,,,,,,, "or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing",,,,,,,,,, "or believing that such certificate is false in any material point, shall be punished in the",,,,,,,,,, same manner as if he gave false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, 233. Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use any such certificate as a true,,,,,,,,,, "certificate, knowing the same to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the",,,,,,,,,, same manner as if he gave false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, "234. Whoever, in any declaration made or subscribed by him, which declaration any",,,,,,,,,, "Court or any public servant or other person, is bound or authorised by law to receive as",,,,,,,,,, "evidence of any fact, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows orbelieves to be false or does not believe to be true, touching any point material to the",,,,,,,,,, "object for which the declaration is made or used, shall be punished in the same manner as",,,,,,,,,, if he gave false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, "235. Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true any such declaration,",,,,,,,,,, "knowing the same to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner",,,,,,,,,, as if he gave false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— A declaration which is inadmissible merely upon the ground of some,,,,,,,,,, "informality, is a declaration within the meaning of section 234 and this section.",,,,,,,,,, "236.Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been",,,,,,,,,, "committed, causes any evidence of the commission of that offence to disappear, with theintention of screening the offender from legal punishment, or with that intention gives any",,,,,,,,,, "information respecting the offence which he knows or believes to be false shall,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) if the offence which he knows or believes to have been committed is,,,,,,,,,, "punishable with death be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to ten years, be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, (c) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for any term not extending,,,,,,,,,, "to ten years, be punished with imprisonment of the description provided for the",,,,,,,,,, "offence, for a term which may extend to one-fourth part of the longest term of theimprisonment provided for the offence, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, knowing that B has murdered Z, assists B to hide the body with the intention of",,,,,,,,,, screening B from punishment. A is liable to imprisonment of either description for seven,,,,,,,,,, "years, and also to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "237. Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been",,,,,,,,,, "committed, intentionally omits to give any information respecting that offence which he islegally bound to give, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees,",,,,,,,,,, or with both.Using evidence,,,,,,,,,, known to befalse.,,,,,,,,,, Issuing or,,,,,,,,,, signing falsecertificate.,,,,,,,,,, Using as true a,,,,,,,,,, certificateknown to befalse.,,,,,,,,,, False,,,,,,,,,, statementmade indeclarationwhich is bylaw receivableas evidence.,,,,,,,,,, Using as true,,,,,,,,,, suchdeclarationknowing it tobe false.,,,,,,,,,, Causing,,,,,,,,,, "disappearanceof evidence ofoffence, orgiving falseinformationto screenoffender.",,,,,,,,,, Intentional,,,,,,,,,, omission togiveinformationof offence byperson boundto inform.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4067,,,,,,,,,, "238.Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been",,,,,,,,,, "committed, gives any information respecting that offence which he knows or believes to",,,,,,,,,, "be false, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —In sections 236 and 237 and in this section the word “offence”,,,,,,,,,, "includes any act committed at any place out of India, which, if committed in India, wouldbe punishable under any of the following sections, namely, 97, 99, 172, 173, 174, 175,301,303, 304, 305, 306, 320, 325 and 326.",,,,,,,,,, 239. Whoever secretes or destroys any document or electronic record which he,,,,,,,,,, "may be lawfully compelled to produce as evidence in a Court or in any proceeding lawfullyheld before a public servant, as such, or obliterates or renders illegible the whole or anypart of such document or electronic record with the intention of preventing the same frombeing produced or used as evidence before such Court or public servant as aforesaid, orafter he shall have been lawfully summoned or required to produce the same for that",,,,,,,,,, "purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to three years, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "240. Whoever falsely personates another, and in such assumed character makes",,,,,,,,,, "any admission or statement, or confesses judgment, or causes any process to be issued orbecomes bail or security, or does any other act in any suit or criminal prosecution, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three",,,,,,,,,, "years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "241. Whoever fraudulently removes, conceals, transfers or delivers to any person",,,,,,,,,, "any property or any interest therein, intending thereby to prevent that property or interesttherein from being taken as a forfeiture or in satisfaction of a fine, under a sentence whichhas been pronounced, or which he knows to be likely to be pronounced, by a Court orother competent authority, or from being taken in execution of a decree or order which has",,,,,,,,,, "been made, or which he knows to be likely to be made by a Court in a civil suit, shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to threeyears or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "242. Whoever fraudulently accepts, receives or claims any property or any interest",,,,,,,,,, "therein, knowing that he has no right or rightful claim to such property or interest, orpractices any deception touching any right to any property or any interest therein,",,,,,,,,,, intending thereby to prevent that property or interest therein from being taken as a forfeiture,,,,,,,,,, "or in satisfaction of a fine, under a sentence which has been pronounced, or which heknows to be likely to be pronounced by a Court or other competent authority, or frombeing taken in execution of a decree or order which has been made, or which he knows tobe likely to be made by a Court in a civil suit, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 243. Whoever fraudulently causes or suffers a decree or order to be passed against,,,,,,,,,, "him at the suit of any person for a sum not due or for a larger sum than is due to suchperson or for any property or interest in property to which such person is not entitled, orfraudulently causes or suffers a decree or order to be executed against him after it hasbeen satisfied, or for anything in respect of which it has been satisfied, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with",,,,,,,,,, "fine, or with both.Giving false",,,,,,,,,, informationrespecting anoffencecommitted.,,,,,,,,,, Destruction of,,,,,,,,,, document toprevent itsproduction asevidence.,,,,,,,,,, False,,,,,,,,,, personationfor purpose ofact orproceeding insuit orprosecution.,,,,,,,,,, Fraudulent,,,,,,,,,, removal orconcealmentof property toprevent itsseizure asforfeited or inexecution.,,,,,,,,,, Fraudulent,,,,,,,,,, claim toproperty toprevent itsseizure asforfeited or inexecution.,,,,,,,,,, Fraudulently,,,,,,,,,, sufferingdecree for sumnot due.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4568,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A institutes a suit against Z. Z, knowing that A is likely to obtain a decree against",,,,,,,,,, "him, fraudulently suffers a judgment to pass against him for a larger amount at the suit of",,,,,,,,,, "B, who has no just claim against him, in order that B, either on his own account or for thebenefit of Z, may share in the proceeds of any sale of Z’s property which may be made",,,,,,,,,, under A’s decree. Z has committed an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, "244. Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to injure or annoy any",,,,,,,,,, "person, makes in a Court any claim which he knows to be false, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall",,,,,,,,,, also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, 245. Whoever fraudulently obtains a decree or order against any person for a sum,,,,,,,,,, "not due, or for a larger sum than is due or for any property or interest in property to which",,,,,,,,,, "he is not entitled, or fraudulently causes a decree or order to be executed against anyperson after it has been satisfied or for anything in respect of which it has been satisfied,",,,,,,,,,, "or fraudulently suffers or permits any such act to be done in his name, shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or withfine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "246. Whoever, with intent to cause injury to any person, institutes or causes to be",,,,,,,,,, "instituted any criminal proceeding against that person, or falsely charges any person with",,,,,,,,,, "having committed an offence, knowing that there is no just or lawful ground for suchproceeding or charge against that person,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which,,,,,,,,,, "may extend to five years, or with fine which may extend to two lakh rupees, or with",,,,,,,,,, both;,,,,,,,,,, (b) if such criminal proceeding be instituted on a false charge of an offence,,,,,,,,,, "punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for ten years or upwards,shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "247. Whenever an offence has been committed, whoever harbours or conceals a",,,,,,,,,, "person whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the offender, with the intention of",,,,,,,,,, "screening him from legal punishment shall,—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if the offence is punishable with death, be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable",,,,,,,,,, to fine;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to ten years, be punished with imprisonment of either description",,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, (c) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one,,,,,,,,,, "year, and not to ten years, be punished with imprisonment of the description provided",,,,,,,,,, for the offence for a term which may extend to one-fourth part of the longest term of,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment provided for the offence, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.–– “Offence” in this section includes any act committed at any place,,,,,,,,,, "out of India, which, if committed in India, would be punishable under any of the followingsections, namely 97, 99, 172, 173, 174, 175, 301,303, 304, 305, 306, 320, 325 and 326 andDishonestly",,,,,,,,,, making falseclaim inCourt.,,,,,,,,,, Fraudulently,,,,,,,,,, obtainingdecree for sumnot due.,,,,,,,,,, False charge,,,,,,,,,, of offencemade withintent toinjure.,,,,,,,,,, Harbouring,,,,,,,,,, offender.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4069,,,,,,,,,, "every such act shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be punishable as if the",,,,,,,,,, accused person had been guilty of it in India.,,,,,,,,,, Exception .—This section shall not extend to any case in which the harbour or,,,,,,,,,, concealment is by the spouse of the offender.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, knowing that B has committed dacoity, knowingly conceals B in order to screen",,,,,,,,,, "him from legal punishment. Here, as B is liable to imprisonment for life, A is liable to",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding three years, and is also liableto fine.",,,,,,,,,, "248. Whoever accepts or attempts to obtain, or agrees to accept, any gratification",,,,,,,,,, "for himself or any other person, or any restitution of property to himself or any other",,,,,,,,,, "person, in consideration of his concealing an offence or of his screening any person from",,,,,,,,,, "legal punishment for any offence, or of his not proceeding against any person for thepurpose of bringing him to legal punishment shall,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if the offence is punishable with death, be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be",,,,,,,,,, liable to fine;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to ten years, be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment not extending to ten years,",,,,,,,,,, be punished with imprisonment of the description provided for the offence for a,,,,,,,,,, "term which may extend to one-fourth part of the longest term of imprisonmentprovided for the offence, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "249. Whoever gives or causes, or offers or agrees to give or cause, any gratification",,,,,,,,,, "to any person, or restores or causes the restoration of any property to any person, in",,,,,,,,,, "consideration of that person’s concealing an offence, or of his screening any person from",,,,,,,,,, "legal punishment for any offence, or of his not proceeding against any person for thepurpose of bringing him to legal punishment shall,––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if the offence is punishable with death, be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and also be liable to",,,,,,,,,, fine;,,,,,,,,,, (b) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment,,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to ten years, be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment not extending to ten years,",,,,,,,,,, be punished with imprisonment of the description provided for the offence for a,,,,,,,,,, "term which may extend to one-fourth part of the longest term of imprisonmentprovided for the offence, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 250. Whoever takes or agrees or consents to take any gratification under pretence,,,,,,,,,, or on account of helping any person to recover any movable property of which he shall,,,,,,,,,, "have been deprived by any offence punishable under this Sanhita , shall, unless he uses",,,,,,,,,, "all means in his power to cause the offender to be apprehended and convicted of theTaking gift,",,,,,,,,,, "etc., to screenan offenderfrompunishment.",,,,,,,,,, Offering gift,,,,,,,,,, or restorationof property inconsiderationof screeningoffender.,,,,,,,,,, Taking gift to,,,,,,,,,, "help torecover stolenproperty, etc.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4070,,,,,,,,,, "offence, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend",,,,,,,,,, "to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "251. Whenever any person convicted of or charged with an offence, being in lawful",,,,,,,,,, "custody for that offence, escapes from such custody, or whenever a public servant, in theexercise of the lawful powers of such public servant, orders a certain person to be",,,,,,,,,, "apprehended for an offence, whoever, knowing of such escape or order for apprehension,",,,,,,,,,, "harbours or conceals that person with the intention of preventing him from beingapprehended, shall be punished in the manner following, namely:––",,,,,,,,,, (a) if the offence for which the person was in custody or is ordered to be,,,,,,,,,, "apprehended is punishable with death, he shall be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also beliable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, (b) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for,,,,,,,,,, "ten years, he shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to three years, with or without fine;",,,,,,,,,, (c) if the offence is punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one,,,,,,,,,, "year and not to ten years, he shall be punished with imprisonment of the descriptionprovided for the offence for a term which may extend to one-fourth part of the",,,,,,,,,, "longest term of the imprisonment provided for such offence, or with fine, or with",,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation.–– “Offence” in this section includes also any act or omission of which,,,,,,,,,, "a person is alleged to have been guilty out of India, which, if he had been guilty of it inIndia, would have been punishable as an offence, and for which he is, under any law",,,,,,,,,, "relating to extradition, or otherwise, liable to be apprehended or detained in custody in",,,,,,,,,, "India, and every such act or omission shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed tobe punishable as if the accused person had been guilty of it in India.",,,,,,,,,, Exception .—The provision does not extend to the case in which the harbour or,,,,,,,,,, concealment is by the spouse of the person to be apprehended.,,,,,,,,,, "252. Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that any persons are about to",,,,,,,,,, "commit or have recently committed robbery or dacoity, harbours them or any of them, with",,,,,,,,,, "the intention of facilitating the commission of such robbery or dacoity, or of screeningthem or any of them from punishment, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a",,,,,,,,,, "term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —For the purposes of this section it is immaterial whether the robbery,,,,,,,,,, "or dacoity is intended to be committed, or has been committed, within or without India.",,,,,,,,,, Exception.— This section does not extend to the case in which the harbour is by the,,,,,,,,,, spouse of the offender.,,,,,,,,,, "253. Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law",,,,,,,,,, "as to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending thereby",,,,,,,,,, "to save, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby save, any person from legal",,,,,,,,,, "punishment, or subject him to a less punishment than that to which he is liable, or withintent to save, or knowing that he is likely thereby to save, any property from forfeiture or",,,,,,,,,, "any charge to which it is liable by law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.Harbouring",,,,,,,,,, offender whohas escapedfrom custodyor whoseapprehensionhas beenordered.,,,,,,,,,, Penalty for,,,,,,,,,, harbouringrobbers ordacoits.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, disobeyingdirection oflaw withintent to saveperson frompunishment orproperty fromforfeiture.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4071,,,,,,,,,, "254. Whoever, being a public servant, and being as such public servant, charged",,,,,,,,,, "with the preparation of any record or other writing, frames that record or writing in amanner which he knows to be incorrect, with intent to cause, or knowing it to be likely that",,,,,,,,,, "he will thereby cause, loss or injury to the public or to any person, or with intent thereby",,,,,,,,,, "to save, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby save, any person from legalpunishment, or with intent to save, or knowing that he is likely thereby to save, any",,,,,,,,,, "property from forfeiture or other charge to which it is liable by law, shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine,or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "255. Whoever, being a public servant, corruptly or maliciously makes or pronounces",,,,,,,,,, "in any stage of a judicial proceeding, any report, order, verdict, or decision which he",,,,,,,,,, "knows to be contrary to law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for",,,,,,,,,, "a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "256. Whoever, being in any office which gives him legal authority to commit persons",,,,,,,,,, "for trial or to confinement, or to keep persons in confinement, corruptly or maliciouslycommits any person for trial or to confinement, or keeps any person in confinement, in the",,,,,,,,,, "exercise of that authority knowing that in so doing he is acting contrary to law, shall be",,,,,,,,,, "punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sevenyears, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "257. Whoever, being a public servant, legally bound as such public servant to",,,,,,,,,, apprehend or to keep in confinement any person charged with or liable to be apprehended,,,,,,,,,, "for an offence, intentionally omits to apprehend such person, or intentionally suffers suchperson to escape, or intentionally aids such person in escaping or attempting to escape",,,,,,,,,, "from such confinement, shall be punished,––",,,,,,,,,, (a) with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "seven years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement, or who ought to",,,,,,,,,, "have been apprehended, was charged with, or liable to be apprehended for, an",,,,,,,,,, offence punishable with death; or,,,,,,,,,, (b) with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "three years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement, or who ought to have",,,,,,,,,, "been apprehended, was charged with, or liable to be apprehended for, an offencepunishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term which may extend",,,,,,,,,, to ten years; or,,,,,,,,,, (c) with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two,,,,,,,,,, "years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement, or who ought to have been",,,,,,,,,, "apprehended, was charged with, or liable to be apprehended for, an offence",,,,,,,,,, punishable with imprisonment for a term less than ten years.,,,,,,,,,, "258. Whoever, being a public servant, legally bound as such public servant to",,,,,,,,,, apprehend or to keep in confinement any person under sentence of a Court for any,,,,,,,,,, "offence or lawfully committed to custody, intentionally omits to apprehend such person,or intentionally suffers such person to escape or intentionally aids such person in escaping",,,,,,,,,, "or attempting to escape from such confinement, shall be punished,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment of either description for a,,,,,,,,,, "term which may extend to fourteen years, with or without fine, if the person in",,,,,,,,,, "confinement, or who ought to have been apprehended, is under sentence of",,,,,,,,,, death; orPublic servant,,,,,,,,,, framingincorrectrecord orwriting withintent to saveperson frompunishment orproperty fromforfeiture.,,,,,,,,,, Public servant,,,,,,,,,, "in judicialproceedingcorruptlymaking report,etc., contraryto law.",,,,,,,,,, Commitment,,,,,,,,,, for trial orconfinement byperson havingauthority whoknows that he isacting contraryto law.,,,,,,,,,, Intentional,,,,,,,,,, omission toapprehend onthe part ofpublic servantbound toapprehend.,,,,,,,,,, Intentional,,,,,,,,,, omission toapprehend onthe part ofpublic servantbound toapprehendperson undersentence orlawfullycommitted.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4572,,,,,,,,,, (b) with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "seven years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement or who ought to havebeen apprehended, is subject, by a sentence of a Court or by virtue of a commutation",,,,,,,,,, "of such sentence, to imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term of ten years, or",,,,,,,,,, upwards; or,,,,,,,,,, (c) with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "three years, or with fine, or with both, if the person in confinement or who ought tohave been apprehended is subject by a sentence of a Court to imprisonment for a",,,,,,,,,, term not extending to ten years or if the person was lawfully committed to custody.,,,,,,,,,, "259. Whoever, being a public servant legally bound as such public servant to keep",,,,,,,,,, in confinement any person charged with or convicted of any offence or lawfully committed,,,,,,,,,, "to custody, negligently suffers such person to escape from confinement, shall be punishedwith simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with",,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, 260. Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction to the lawful,,,,,,,,,, apprehension of himself for any offence with which he is charged or of which he has been,,,,,,,,,, "convicted, or escapes or attempts to escape from any custody in which he is lawfullydetained for any such offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description",,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —The punishment in this section is in addition to the punishment for,,,,,,,,,, which the person to be apprehended or detained in custody was liable for the offence with,,,,,,,,,, "which he was charged, or of which he was convicted.",,,,,,,,,, 261. Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction to the lawful,,,,,,,,,, "apprehension of any other person for an offence, or rescues or attempts to rescue anyother person from any custody in which that person is lawfully detained for an offence,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which,,,,,,,,,, "may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if the person to be apprehended, or the person rescued or attempted to be",,,,,,,,,, "rescued, is charged with or liable to be apprehended for an offence punishable with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, shall",,,,,,,,,, "be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend tothree years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) if the person to be apprehended, or rescued, or attempted to be rescued,",,,,,,,,,, "is charged with or liable to be apprehended for an offence punishable with death,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may,,,,,,,,,, "extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(d) if the person to be apprehended or rescued, or attempted to be rescued, is",,,,,,,,,, "liable under the sentence of a Court or by virtue of a commutation of such a sentence,to imprisonment for life, or imprisonment, for a term of ten years, or upwards, shall",,,,,,,,,, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "seven years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(e) if the person to be apprehended or rescued, or attempted to be rescued, is",,,,,,,,,, "under sentence of death, shall be punished with imprisonment for life or imprisonmentof either description for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to",,,,,,,,,, fine.Resistance or,,,,,,,,,, obstruction bya person to hislawfulapprehension.Escape from,,,,,,,,,, confinementor custodynegligentlysuffered bypublic servant.,,,,,,,,,, Resistance or,,,,,,,,,, obstruction tolawfulapprehensionof anotherperson.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4573,,,,,,,,,, "262. Whoever, being a public servant legally bound as such public servant to",,,,,,,,,, "apprehend, or to keep in confinement, any person in any case not provided for in section 257,section 258 or section 259, or in any other law for the time being in force, omits to apprehendthat person or suffers him to escape from confinement, shall be punished—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if he does so intentionally, with imprisonment of either description for a term",,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to three years, or with fine or with both; and",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if he does so negligently, with simple imprisonment for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "263. Whoever, in any case not provided for in section 260 or section 261 or in any",,,,,,,,,, "other law for the time being in force, intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstructionto the lawful apprehension of himself or of any other person, or escapes or attempts toescape from any custody in which he is lawfully detained, or rescues or attempts to rescueany other person from any custody in which that person is lawfully detained, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months,or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "264. Whoever, having accepted any conditional remission of punishment, knowingly",,,,,,,,,, "violates any condition on which such remission was granted, shall be punished with thepunishment to which he was originally sentenced, if he has already suffered no part of thatpunishment, and if he has suffered any part of that punishment, then with so much of thatpunishment as he has not already suffered.",,,,,,,,,, "265. Whoever intentionally offers any insult, or causes any interruption to any public",,,,,,,,,, "servant, while such public servant is sitting in any stage of a judicial proceeding, shall bepunished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with finewhich may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "266. Whoever, by personation or otherwise, shall intentionally cause, or knowingly",,,,,,,,,, "suffer himself to be returned, empanelled or sworn as an assessor in any case in which heknows that he is not entitled by law to be so returned, empanelled or sworn, or knowinghimself to have been so returned, empanelled or sworn contrary to law, shall voluntarilyserve on such assessor, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "267. Whoever, having been charged with an offence and released on bail or on bond",,,,,,,,,, "without sureties, fails without sufficient cause (the burden of proving which shall lie uponhim), to appear in court in accordance with the terms of the bail or bond, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine,or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.— The punishment under this section is—,,,,,,,,,, (a) in addition to the punishment to which the offender would be liable on a,,,,,,,,,, conviction for the offence with which he has been charged; and,,,,,,,,,, (b) without prejudice to the power of the court to order forfeiture of the bond.,,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XV,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, "F OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH , SAFETY , CONVENIENCE , DECENCY AND",,,,,,,,,, MORALS,,,,,,,,,, 268. A person is guilty of a public nuisance who does any act or is guilty of an illegal,,,,,,,,,, "omission which causes any common injury, danger or annoyance to the public or to thepeople in general who dwell or occupy property in the vicinity, or which must necessarilycause injury, obstruction, danger or annoyance to persons who may have occasion to useany public right but a common nuisance is not excused on the ground that it causes someconvenience or advantage.Omission to",,,,,,,,,, "apprehend, orsufferance of",,,,,,,,,, "escape, on",,,,,,,,,, part of public,,,,,,,,,, "servant, in",,,,,,,,,, cases not,,,,,,,,,, "otherwise,",,,,,,,,,, provided for.,,,,,,,,,, Resistance or,,,,,,,,,, obstruction to,,,,,,,,,, lawful,,,,,,,,,, apprehension,,,,,,,,,, or escape or,,,,,,,,,, rescue in cases,,,,,,,,,, not otherwise,,,,,,,,,, provided for.,,,,,,,,,, Violation of,,,,,,,,,, condition of,,,,,,,,,, remission of,,,,,,,,,, punishment.,,,,,,,,,, Intentional,,,,,,,,,, insult or,,,,,,,,,, interruption,,,,,,,,,, to public,,,,,,,,,, servant sitting,,,,,,,,,, in judicial,,,,,,,,,, proceeding.,,,,,,,,,, Personation,,,,,,,,,, of an assessor.,,,,,,,,,, Failure by,,,,,,,,,, person,,,,,,,,,, released on,,,,,,,,,, bail or bond to,,,,,,,,,, appear in,,,,,,,,,, court.,,,,,,,,,, Public,,,,,,,,,, nuisance.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4574,,,,,,,,,, "269. Whoever unlawfully or negligently does any act which is, and which he knows or",,,,,,,,,, "has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sixmonths, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "270. Whoever malignantly does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason",,,,,,,,,, "the believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years,or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 271. Whoever knowingly disobeys any rule made by the Government for putting any,,,,,,,,,, "mode of transport into a state of quarantine, or for regulating the intercourse of any suchtransport in a state of quarantine or for regulating the intercourse between places where aninfectious disease prevails and other places, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "272. Whoever adulterates any article of food or drink, so as to make such article",,,,,,,,,, "noxious as food or drink, intending to sell such article as food or drink, or knowing it to belikely that the same will be sold as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extendto five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "273. Whoever sells, or offers or exposes for sale, as food or drink, any article which",,,,,,,,,, "has been rendered or has become noxious, or is in a state unfit for food or drink, knowing orhaving reason to believe that the same is noxious as food or drink, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with finewhich may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 274. Whoever adulterates any drug or medical preparation in such a manner as to,,,,,,,,,, "lessen the efficacy or change the operation of such drug or medical preparation, or to makeit noxious, intending that it shall be sold or used for, or knowing it to be likely that it will besold or used for, any medicinal purpose, as if it had not undergone such adulteration, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, orwith fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "275. Whoever, knowing any drug or medical preparation to have been adulterated in",,,,,,,,,, "such a manner as to lessen its efficacy, to change its operation, or to render it noxious, sellsthe same, or offers or exposes it for sale, or issues it from any dispensary for medicinalpurposes as unadulterated, or causes it to be used for medicinal purposes by any person notknowing of the adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees ,",,,,,,,,,, or with both.,,,,,,,,,, "276. Whoever knowingly sells, or offers or exposes for sale, or issues from a dispensary",,,,,,,,,, "for medicinal purposes, any drug or medical preparation, as a different drug or medicalpreparation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "277. Whoever voluntarily corrupts or fouls the water of any public spring or reservoir,",,,,,,,,,, "so as to render it less fit for the purpose for which it is ordinarily used, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with finewhich may extend to five thousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ", or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 278. Whoever voluntarily vitiates the atmosphere in any place so as to make it noxious,,,,,,,,,, "to the health of persons in general dwelling or carrying on business in the neighbourhood orpassing along a public way, shall be punished with fine which may extend to one thousandrupees.",,,,,,,,,, "279. Whoever drives any vehicle, or rides, on any public way in a manner so rash or",,,,,,,,,, "negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any otherNegligent act",,,,,,,,,, likely to spread,,,,,,,,,, infection of,,,,,,,,,, disease,,,,,,,,,, dangerous tolife.,,,,,,,,,, M,,,,,,,,,, alignant act,,,,,,,,,, likely to spread,,,,,,,,,, infection of,,,,,,,,,, disease dangerous,,,,,,,,,, to life.,,,,,,,,,, Disobedience,,,,,,,,,, to quarantine,,,,,,,,,, rule.,,,,,,,,,, Adulteration,,,,,,,,,, of food or,,,,,,,,,, drink intended,,,,,,,,,, for sale.,,,,,,,,,, Sale of noxious,,,,,,,,,, food or drink.,,,,,,,,,, Adulteration,,,,,,,,,, of drugs.,,,,,,,,,, Sale of,,,,,,,,,, adulterated,,,,,,,,,, drugs.,,,,,,,,,, Sale of drug as,,,,,,,,,, a different,,,,,,,,,, drug or,,,,,,,,,, preparation.,,,,,,,,,, Fouling water,,,,,,,,,, of public,,,,,,,,,, spring or,,,,,,,,,, reservoir.,,,,,,,,,, Making,,,,,,,,,, atmosphere,,,,,,,,,, noxious to,,,,,,,,,, health.,,,,,,,,,, Rash driving,,,,,,,,,, or riding on a,,,,,,,,,, public way.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5075,,,,,,,,,, "person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may",,,,,,,,,, "extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 280. Whoever navigates any vessel in a manner so rash or negligent as to endanger,,,,,,,,,, "human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with finewhich may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "281. Whoever exhibits any false light, mark or buoy, intending or knowing it to be",,,,,,,,,, "likely that such exhibition will mislead any navigator, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to seven years, and with fine which shall notbe less than ten thousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, "282. Whoever knowingly or negligently conveys, or causes to be conveyed for hire,",,,,,,,,,, "any person by water in any vessel, when that vessel is in such a state or so loaded as toendanger the life of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousandrupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "283. Whoever, by doing any act, or by omitting to take order with any property in his",,,,,,,,,, "possession or under his charge, causes danger, obstruction or injury to any person in anypublic way or public line of navigation, shall be punished, with fine which may extend to fivethousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, "284. Whoever does, with any poisonous substance, any act in a manner so rash or",,,,,,,,,, "negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person orknowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any poisonous substance in hispossession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from suchpoisonous substance, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, "285. Whoever does, with fire or any combustible matter, any act so rashly or negligently",,,,,,,,,, "as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person orknowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any fire or any combustible matter inhis possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from suchfire or combustible matter, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees,or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "286. Whoever does, with any explosive substance, any act so rashly or negligently as",,,,,,,,,, "to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, orknowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any explosive substance in hispossession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from thatsubstance, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "287. Whoever does, with any machinery, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger",,,,,,,,,, "human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other personor knowingly or negligentlyomits to take such order with any machinery in his possession or under his care as issufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from such machinery, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months,or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "288. Whoever, in pulling down, repairing or constructingany building, knowingly or",,,,,,,,,, "negligently omits to take such measures with that building as is sufficient to guard againstany probable danger to human life from the fall of that building, or of any part thereof, shallbe punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sixmonths, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.Rash naviga-",,,,,,,,,, tion of vessel.,,,,,,,,,, Exhibition of,,,,,,,,,, "false light,",,,,,,,,,, mark or buoy.,,,,,,,,,, Conveying,,,,,,,,,, person bywater for hirein unsafe oroverloadedvessel.,,,,,,,,,, Danger or,,,,,,,,,, obstruction inpublic way orline ofnavigation.,,,,,,,,,, Negligent,,,,,,,,,, conduct withrespect topoisonoussubstance.,,,,,,,,,, Negligent,,,,,,,,,, conduct withrespect to fireor combustiblematter.,,,,,,,,,, Negligent,,,,,,,,,, conduct withrespect toexplosivesubstance.,,,,,,,,,, Negligent,,,,,,,,,, conduct withrespect tomachinery.,,,,,,,,,, Negligent,,,,,,,,,, "conduct withrespect topulling down,repairing orconstructingbuildings etc.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5076,,,,,,,,,, 289. Whoever knowingly or negligently omits to take such measures with any animal,,,,,,,,,, "in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life, or anyprobable danger of grievous hurt from such animal, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extendto five thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 290. Whoever commits a public nuisance in any case not otherwise punishable by this,,,,,,,,,, Sanhita shall be punished with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees.,,,,,,,,,, "291. Whoever repeats or continues a public nuisance, having been enjoined by any",,,,,,,,,, "public servant who has lawful authority to issue such injunction not to repeat or continuesuch nuisance, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend tosix months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees",,,,,,,,,, ", or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "292. (1) For the purposes of sub-section ( 2), a book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing,",,,,,,,,,, "painting, representation, figure or any other object, including display of any content inelectronic form shall be deemed to be obscene if it is lascivious or appeals to the prurientinterest or if its effect, or (where it comprises two or more distinct items) the effect of any oneof its items, is, if taken as a whole, such as to tend to deprave and corrupt persons who arelikely, having regard to all relevant circumstances, to read, see or hear the matter contained orembodied in it.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) sells, lets to hire, distributes, publicly exhibits or in any manner puts into",,,,,,,,,, "circulation, or for purposes of sale, hire, distribution, public exhibition or circulation,makes, produces or has in his possession any obscene book, pamphlet, paper, drawing,painting, representation or figure or any other obscene object whatsoever in whatevermanner; or",,,,,,,,,, "(b) imports, exports or conveys any obscene object for any of the purposes",,,,,,,,,, "aforesaid, or knowing or having reason to believe that such object will be sold, let tohire, distributed or publicly exhibited or in any manner put into circulation; or",,,,,,,,,, (c) takes part in or receives profits from any business in the course of which he,,,,,,,,,, "knows or has reason to believe that any such obscene objects are, for any of thepurposes aforesaid, made produced, purchased, kept, imported, exported, conveyed,publicly exhibited or in any manner put into circulation; or",,,,,,,,,, (d) advertises or makes known by any means whatsoever that any person is,,,,,,,,,, "engaged or is ready to engage in any act which is an offence under this section, or thatany such obscene object can be procured from or through any person; or",,,,,,,,,, "(e) offers or attempts to do any act which is an offence under this section,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term,,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to two years, and with fine which may extend to five thousandrupees, and, in the event of a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to five years, and also with fine whichmay extend to ten thousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, Exception. —This section does not extend to—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) any book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting, representation or",,,,,,,,,, figure—,,,,,,,,,, (i) the publication of which is proved to be justified as being for the public,,,,,,,,,, "good on the ground that such book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting,representation or figure is in the interest of science, literature, art or learning orother objects of general concern; orNegligentconduct withrespect toanimal.",,,,,,,,,, Punishment for,,,,,,,,,, public nuisancein cases nototherwiseprovided for.,,,,,,,,,, Continuance of,,,,,,,,,, nuisance afterinjunction todiscontinue.,,,,,,,,,, "Sale, etc., of",,,,,,,,,, "obscene books,etc.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4577,,,,,,,,,, (ii) which is kept or used bona fide for religious purposes;,,,,,,,,,, "(b) any representation sculptured, engraved, painted or otherwise represented",,,,,,,,,, on or in—,,,,,,,,,, (i) any ancient monument within the meaning of the Ancient Monuments,,,,,,,,,, "and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958; or",,,,,,,,,, "(ii) any temple, or on any car used for the conveyance of idols, or kept or",,,,,,,,,, used for any religious purpose.,,,,,,,,,, "293. Whoever sells, lets to hire, distributes, exhibits or circulates to any child below",,,,,,,,,, "the age of eighteen years such obscene object as is referred to in section 292, or offers orattempts so to do, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to three years, and with fine which may extend to two thousandrupees, and, in the event of a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to seven years, and also with fine which may extendto five thousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, "294. Whoever, to the annoyance of others,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) does any obscene act in any public place; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) sings, recites or utters any obscene song, ballad or words, in or near any",,,,,,,,,, "public place,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, "three months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 295. (1) Whoever keeps any office or place for the purpose of drawing any lottery not,,,,,,,,,, "being a State lottery or a lottery authorised by the State Government, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, " (2) Whoever publishes any proposal to pay any sum, or to deliver any goods, or to",,,,,,,,,, "do or forbear from doing anything for the benefit of any person, on any event or contingencyrelative or applicable to the drawing of any ticket, lot, number or figure in any such lottery,shall be punished with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XVI,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION,,,,,,,,,, "296. Whoever destroys, damages or defiles any place of worship, or any object held",,,,,,,,,, "sacred by any class of persons with the intention of thereby insulting the religion of anyclass of persons or with the knowledge that any class of persons is likely to consider suchdestruction, damage or defilement as an insult to their religion, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, "297. Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious feelings",,,,,,,,,, "of any class of citizens of India, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visiblerepresentations or through electronic means or otherwise, insults or attempts to insult thereligion or the religious beliefs of that class, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 298. Whoever voluntarily causes disturbance to any assembly lawfully engaged in,,,,,,,,,, "the performance of religious worship, or religious ceremonies, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, orwith both.Sale, etc., ofobsceneobjects tochild.",,,,,,,,,, Obscene acts,,,,,,,,,, and songs.,,,,,,,,,, Keeping,,,,,,,,,, lottery office.,,,,,,,,,, Injuring or,,,,,,,,,, "defiling placeof worship,with intent toinsult thereligion of anyclass.",,,,,,,,,, Deliberate and,,,,,,,,,, "malicious acts,intended tooutragereligiousfeelings of anyclass byinsulting itsreligion orreligiousbeliefs.",,,,,,,,,, Disturbing,,,,,,,,,, religiousassembly.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4524 of 1958.78,,,,,,,,,, "299. Whoever, with the intention of wounding the feelings of any person, or of insulting",,,,,,,,,, "the religion of any person or with the knowledge that the feelings of any person are likely tobe wounded, or that the religion of any person is likely to be insulted thereby, commits anytrespass in any place of worship or on any place of sepulture, or any place set apart for theperformance of funeral rites or as a depository for the remains of the dead, or offers anyindignity to any human corpse, or causes disturbance to any persons assembled for theperformance of funeral ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "300. Whoever, with the deliberate intention of wounding the religious feelings of any",,,,,,,,,, "person, utters any word or makes any sound in the hearing of that person or makes anygesture in the sight of that persons or places any object in the sight of that person, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, orwith fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XVII,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY,,,,,,,,,, "301. (1) Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the",,,,,,,,,, "possession of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property in order tosuch taking, is said to commit theft.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—A thing so long as it is attached to the earth, not being movable",,,,,,,,,, "property, is not the subject of theft; but it becomes capable of being the subject of theft assoon as it is severed from the earth.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—A moving effected by the same act which effects the severance may,,,,,,,,,, be a theft.,,,,,,,,,, Explanation 3.—A person is said to cause a thing to move by removing an obstacle,,,,,,,,,, "which prevented it from moving or by separating it from any other thing, as well as byactually moving it.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 4.—A person, who by any means causes an animal to move, is said to",,,,,,,,,, "move that animal, and to move everything which, in consequence of the motion so caused,is moved by that animal.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 5.—The consent mentioned in this sectionmay be express or implied, and",,,,,,,,,, "may be given either by the person in possession, or by any person having for that purposeauthority either express or implied.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A cuts down a tree on Z’s ground, with the intention of dishonestly taking the tree",,,,,,,,,, "out of Z’s possession without Z’s consent. Here, as soon as A has severed the tree in orderto such taking, he has committed theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A puts a bait for dogs in his pocket, and thus induces Z’s dog to follow it. Here, if",,,,,,,,,, "A’s intention be dishonestly to take the dog out of Z’s possession without Z’s consent, Ahas committed theft as soon as Z’s dog has begun to follow A.",,,,,,,,,, (c) A meets a bullock carrying a box of treasure. He drives the bullock in a certain,,,,,,,,,, "direction, in order that he may dishonestly take the treasure. As soon as the bullock beginsto move, A has committed theft of the treasure.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A being Z’s servant, and entrusted by Z with the care of Z’s plate, dishonestly runs",,,,,,,,,, "away with the plate, without Z’s consent. A has committed theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) Z, going on a journey, entrusts his plate to A, the keeper of a warehouse, till Z shall",,,,,,,,,, "return. A carries the plate to a goldsmith and sells it. Here the plate was not in Z’s possession.It could not therefore be taken out of Z’s possession, and A has not committed theft, thoughhe may have committed criminal breach of trust.Trespassing onburial places,etc.",,,,,,,,,, "Uttering words,",,,,,,,,,, "etc., withdeliberateintent towound religiousfeelings.",,,,,,,,,, Theft.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4579,,,,,,,,,, (f) A finds a ring belonging to Z on a table in the house which Z occupies. Here the ring,,,,,,,,,, "is in Z’s possession, and if A dishonestly removes it, A commits theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(g) A finds a ring lying on the highroad, not in the possession of any person. A, by",,,,,,,,,, "taking it, commits no theft, though he may commit criminal misappropriation of property.",,,,,,,,,, (h) A sees a ring belonging to Z lying on a table in Z’s house. Not venturing to,,,,,,,,,, "misappropriate the ring immediately for fear of search and detection, A hides the ring in aplace where it is highly improbable that it will ever be found by Z, with the intention of takingthe ring from the hiding place and selling it when the loss is forgotten. Here A, at the time offirst moving the ring, commits theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(i) A delivers his watch to Z, a jeweler, to be regulated. Z carries it to his shop. A, not",,,,,,,,,, "owing to the jeweler any debt for which the jeweler might lawfully detain the watch as asecurity, enters the shop openly, takes his watch by force out of Z’s hand, and carries it away.",,,,,,,,,, "Here A, though he may have committed criminal trespass and assault, has not committed",,,,,,,,,, "theft, inasmuch as what he did was not done dishonestly.",,,,,,,,,, "(j) If A owes money to Z for repairing the watch, and if Z retains the watch lawfully as",,,,,,,,,, "a security for the debt, and A takes the watch out of Z’s possession, with the intention of",,,,,,,,,, "depriving Z of the property as a security for his debt, he commits theft, inasmuch as he takesit dishonestly.",,,,,,,,,, "(k) Again, if A, having pawned his watch to Z, takes it out of Z’s possession without",,,,,,,,,, "Z’s consent, not having paid what he borrowed on the watch, he commits theft, though thewatch is his own property inasmuch as he takes it dishonestly.",,,,,,,,,, "(l) A takes an article belonging to Z out of Z’s possession without Z’s consent, with",,,,,,,,,, the intention of keeping it until he obtains money from Z as a reward for its restoration. HereA takes dishonestly; A has therefor committed theft.,,,,,,,,,, "(m) A, being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z’s library in Z’s absence, and takes",,,,,,,,,, "away a book without Z’s express consent for the purpose merely of reading it, and with theintention of returning it. Here, it is probable that A may have conceived that he had Z’simplied consent to use Z’s book. If this was A’s impression, A has not committed theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(n) A asks charity from Z’s wife. She gives A money, food and clothes, which A knows",,,,,,,,,, "to belong to Z her husband. Here it is probable that A may conceive that Z’s wife is authorisedto give away alms. If this was A’s impression, A has not committed theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(o) A is the paramour of Z’s wife. She gives a valuable property, which A knows to",,,,,,,,,, "belong to her husband Z, and to be such property as she has no authority from Z to give. IfA takes the property dishonestly, he commits theft.",,,,,,,,,, "(p) A, in good faith, believing property belonging to Z to be A’s own property, takes",,,,,,,,,, "that property out of Z’s possession. Here, as A does not take dishonestly, he does notcommit theft.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits theft shall be punished with imprisonment of either description,,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both and in case of secondor subsequent conviction of any person under this section, he shall be punished withrigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extendto five years and with fine:",,,,,,,,,, Provided that in cases of theft where the value of the stolen property is less than five,,,,,,,,,, "thousand rupees, and a person is convicted for the first time, shall upon return of the valueof property or restoration of the stolen property, shall be punished with community service.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4580,,,,,,,,,, "302. (1) Theft is “snatching” if, in order to commit theft, the offender suddenly or",,,,,,,,,, quickly or forcibly seizes or secures or grabs or takes away from any person or from hispossession any moveable property.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever commits snatching, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 303. Whoever commits theft—,,,,,,,,,, "(a) in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or used for the",,,,,,,,,, custody of property; or,,,,,,,,,, (b) of any means of transport used for the transport of goods or passengers; or,,,,,,,,,, (c) of any article or goods from any means of transport used for the transport of,,,,,,,,,, goods or passengers; or,,,,,,,,,, (d) of idol or icon in any place of worship; or,,,,,,,,,, "(e) of any property of the Government or of a local authority,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to,,,,,,,,,, seven years and shall also be liable to fine.,,,,,,,,,, "304. Whoever, being a clerk or servant, or being employed in the capacity of a clerk or",,,,,,,,,, "servant, commits theft in respect of any property in the possession of his master or employer,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend toseven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "305. Whoever commits theft, having made preparation for causing death, or hurt, or",,,,,,,,,, "restraint, or fear of death, or of hurt, or of restraint, to any person, in order to the committingof such theft, or in order to the effecting of his escape after the committing of such theft, orin order to the retaining of property taken by such theft, shall be punished with rigorousimprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, " (a) A commits theft on property in Z’s possession; and while committing this theft, he",,,,,,,,,, "has a loaded pistol under his garment, having provided this pistol for the purpose of hurtingZ in case Z should resist. A has committed the offence defined in this section.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A picks Z’s pocket, having posted several of his companions near him, in order that",,,,,,,,,, "they may restrain Z, if Z should perceive what is passing and should resist, or should attemptto apprehend A. A has committed the offence defined in this section.",,,,,,,,,, Of Extortion,,,,,,,,,, "306. (1) Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or",,,,,,,,,, "to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to anyperson any property, or valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be convertedinto a valuable security, commits “extortion”.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A threatens to publish a defamatory libel concerning Z unless Z gives him money.,,,,,,,,,, He thus induces Z to give him money. A has committed extortion.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A threatens Z that he will keep Z’s child in wrongful confinement, unless Z will sign",,,,,,,,,, and deliver to A a promissory note binding Z to pay certain monies to A. Z sings and deliversthe note. A has committed extortion.,,,,,,,,,, (c) A threatens to send club-men to plough up Z’s field unless Z will sign and deliver,,,,,,,,,, "to B a bond binding Z under a penalty to deliver certain produce to B, and thereby inducesZ to signs and deliver the bond. A has committed extortion.Snatching.",,,,,,,,,, Theft in a,,,,,,,,,, "dwelling house,or means oftransportationor place ofworship, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Theft by clerk,,,,,,,,,, or servant ofproperty inpossession ofmaster.,,,,,,,,,, Theft after,,,,,,,,,, "preparationmade forcausing death,hurt or re-straint in orderto the commit-ting of theft.",,,,,,,,,, Extortion.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4581,,,,,,,,,, "(d) A, by putting Z in fear of grievous hurt, dishonestly induces Z to sign or",,,,,,,,,, "affix his seal to a blank paper and deliver it to A. Z signs and delivers the paper to A.Here, as the paper so signed may be converted into a valuable security. A has committedextortion.",,,,,,,,,, (e) A threatens Z by sending a message through an electronic device that “Your child,,,,,,,,,, "is in my possession, and will be put to death unless you send me one lakh rupees.” A thusinduces Z to give him money. A has committed “extortion”.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits extortion shall be punished with imprisonment of either,,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts any person in fear, or attempts",,,,,,,,,, "to put any person in fear, of any injury, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts or attempts to put any",,,,,,,,,, "person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shallalso be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (5) Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of death or of grievous,,,,,,,,,, "hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(6) Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts or attempts to put any",,,,,,,,,, "person in fear of an accusation, against that person or any other, of having committed, orattempted to commit, an offence punishable with death or with imprisonment for life, or withimprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, shall be punished with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (7) Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of an accusation against,,,,,,,,,, "that person or any other, of having committed or attempted to commit any offence punishablewith death, or with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend toten years, or of having attempted to induce any other person to commit such offence, shallbe punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to tenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Of Robbery and Dacoity,,,,,,,,,, 307. (1) In all robbery there is either theft or extortion.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Theft is “robbery” if, in order to the committing of the theft, or in committing the",,,,,,,,,, "theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, theoffender, for that end voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death or hurt or",,,,,,,,,, "wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Extortion is “robbery” if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in",,,,,,,,,, "the presence of the person put in fear, and commits the extortion by putting that person infear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to someother person, and, by so putting in fear, induces the person so put in fear then and there todeliver up the thing extorted.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation . —The offender is said to be present if he is sufficiently near to put the,,,,,,,,,, "other person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A holds Z down, and fraudulently takes Z’s money and jewels from Z’s clothes,",,,,,,,,,, "without Z’s consent. Here A has committed theft, and, in order to the committing of that theft,has voluntarily caused wrongful restraint to Z. A has therefore committed robbery.Robbery.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4582,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A meets Z on the high road, shows a pistol, and demands Z’s purse. Z, in",,,,,,,,,, "consequence, surrenders his purse. Here A has extorted the purse from Z by putting him infear of instant hurt, and being at the time of committing the extortion in his presence. A hastherefore committed robbery.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A meets Z and Z’s child on the high road. A takes the child, and threatens to fling it",,,,,,,,,, "down a precipice, unless Z delivers his purse. Z, in consequence, delivers his purse. Here Ahas extorted the purse from Z, by causing Z to be in fear of instant hurt to the child who isthere present. A has therefore committed robbery on Z.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A obtains property from Z by saying “Your child is in the hands of my gang, and will",,,,,,,,,, "be put to death unless you send us ten thousand rupees”. This is extortion, and punishableas such: but it is not robbery, unless Z is put in fear of the instant death of his child.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term,,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the robbery be committedon the highway between sunset and sunrise, the imprisonment may be extended to fourteenyears.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever attempts to commit robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment,,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) If any person, in committing or in attempting to commit robbery, voluntarily causes",,,,,,,,,, "hurt, such person, and any other person jointly concerned in committing or attempting tocommit such robbery, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorousimprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "308. (1) When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery,",,,,,,,,,, "or where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit arobbery, and persons present and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five ormore, every person so committing, attempting or aiding, is said to commit “dacoity”.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever commits dacoity shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with",,,,,,,,,, "rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable tofine.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) If any one of five or more persons, who are conjointly committing dacoity, commits",,,,,,,,,, "murder in so committing dacoity, every one of those persons shall be punished with death,or imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than tenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever makes any preparation for committing dacoity, shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable tofine.",,,,,,,,,, (5) Whoever is one of five or more persons assembled for the purpose of committing,,,,,,,,,, "dacoity, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to sevenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (6) Whoever belongs to a gang of persons associated for the purpose of habitually,,,,,,,,,, "committing dacoity, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "309. If, at the time of committing robbery or dacoity, the offender uses any deadly",,,,,,,,,, "weapon, or causes grievous hurt to any person, or attempts to cause death or grievous hurtto any person, the imprisonment with which such offender shall be punished shall not beless than seven years.",,,,,,,,,, "310. If, at the time of attempting to commit robbery or dacoity, the offender is armed",,,,,,,,,, "with any deadly weapon, the imprisonment with which such offender shall be punished shallnot be less than seven years.Dacoity.",,,,,,,,,, "Robbery, or",,,,,,,,,, "dacoity, withattempt tocause death orgrievous hurt.",,,,,,,,,, Attempt to,,,,,,,,,, commitrobbery ordacoity whenarmed withdeadly weapon.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4583,,,,,,,,,, 311. Whoever belongs to any gang of persons associated in habitually committing,,,,,,,,,, "theft or robbery, and not being a gang of dacoits, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal misappropriation of property.,,,,,,,,,, 312. Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any movable,,,,,,,,,, "property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall notbe less than six months but which may extend to two years and with fine.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A takes property belonging to Z out of Z’s possession, in good faith believing at",,,,,,,,,, "the time when he takes it, that the property belongs to himself. A is not guilty of theft; but ifA, after discovering his mistake, dishonestly appropriates the property to his own use, he isguilty of an offence under this section.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z’s library in Z’s absence, and takes",,,,,,,,,, "away a book without Z’s express consent. Here, if A was under the impression that he had Z’simplied consent to take the book for the purpose of reading it, A has not committed theft. But,if A afterwards sells the book for his own benefit, he is guilty of an offence under this section.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A and B, being, joint owners of a horse. A takes the horse out of B’s possession,",,,,,,,,,, "intending to use it. Here, as A has a right to use the horse, he does not dishonestlymisappropriate it. But, if A sells the horse and appropriates the whole proceeds to his ownuse, he is guilty of an offence under this section.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—A dishonest misappropriation for a time only is a misappropriation,,,,,,,,,, within the meaning of this section.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A finds a Government promissory note belonging to Z, bearing a blank endorsement.",,,,,,,,,, "A, knowing that the note belongs to Z, pledges it with a banker as a security for a loan,intending at a future time to restore it to Z. A has committed an offence under this section.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—A person who finds property not in the possession of any other,,,,,,,,,, "person, and takes such property for the purpose of protecting it for, or of restoring it to, theowner, does not take or misappropriate it dishonestly, and is not guilty of an offence; but heis guilty of the offence above defined, if he appropriates it to his own use, when he knows orhas the means of discovering the owner, or before he has used reasonable means to discoverand give notice to the owner and has kept the property a reasonable time to enable the ownerto claim it.",,,,,,,,,, "What are reasonable means or what is a reasonable time in such a case, is a question",,,,,,,,,, of fact.,,,,,,,,,, "It is not necessary that the finder should know who is the owner of the property, or that",,,,,,,,,, "any particular person is the owner of it; it is sufficient if, at the time of appropriating it, hedoes not believe it to be his own property, or in good faith believe that the real owner cannotbe found.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A finds a rupee on the high road, not knowing to whom the rupee belongs, A picks",,,,,,,,,, up the rupee. Here A has not committed the offence defined in this section.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A finds a letter on the road, containing a bank note. From the direction and contents",,,,,,,,,, of the letter he learns to whom the note belongs. He appropriates the note. He is guilty of anoffence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, (c) A finds a cheque payable to bearer. He can form no conjecture as to the person who,,,,,,,,,, "has lost the cheque. But the name of the person, who has drawn the cheque, appears. APunishmentfor belongingto gang ofrobbers,dacoits, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Dishonest,,,,,,,,,, misappropria-tion ofproperty.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4584,,,,,,,,,, knows that this person can direct him to the person in whose favour the cheque was drawn.,,,,,,,,,, A appropriates the cheque without attempting to discover the owner. He is guilty of anoffence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, (d) A sees Z drop his purse with money in it. A picks up the purse with the intention of,,,,,,,,,, "restoring it to Z, but afterwards appropriates it to his own use. A has committed an offenceunder this section.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A finds a purse with money, not knowing to whom it belongs; he afterwards discovers",,,,,,,,,, "that it belongs to Z, and appropriates it to his own use. A is guilty of an offence under thissection.",,,,,,,,,, "(f) A finds a valuable ring, not knowing to whom it belongs. A sells it immediately",,,,,,,,,, without attempting to discover the owner. A is guilty of an offence under this section.,,,,,,,,,, "313. Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any property,",,,,,,,,,, "knowing that such property was in the possession of a deceased person at the time of thatperson’s decease, and has not since been in the possession of any person legally entitled tosuch possession, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine, and if the offender at the time ofsuch person’s decease was employed by him as a clerk or servant, the imprisonment mayextend to seven years.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "Z dies in possession of furniture and money. His servant A, before the money comes",,,,,,,,,, "into the possession of any person entitled to such possession, dishonestly misappropriatesit. A has committed the offence defined in this section.",,,,,,,,,, Of Criminal breach of trust,,,,,,,,,, "314. (1) Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion",,,,,,,,,, "over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property, ordishonestly uses or disposes of that property in violation of any direction of law prescribingthe mode in which such trust is to be discharged, or of any legal contract, express or implied,which he has made touching the discharge of such trust, or wilfully suffers any other personso to do, commits “criminal breach of trust”.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—A person, being an employer of an establishment whether exempted",,,,,,,,,, "under section 17 of the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous ProvisionsAct, 1952 or not who deducts the employee’s contribution from the wages payable to theemployee for credit to a Provident Fund or Family Pension Fund established by any law forthe time being in force, shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of thecontribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contributionto the said Fund in violation of the said law, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used theamount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—A person, being an employer, who deducts the employees’",,,,,,,,,, "contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to the Employees’ StateInsurance Fund held and administered by the Employees’ State Insurance Corporationestablished under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 shall be deemed to have beenentrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default inthe payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said Act, shall bedeemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of adirection of law as aforesaid.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, being executor to the will of a deceased person, dishonestly disobeys the law",,,,,,,,,, "which directs him to divide the effects according to the will, and appropriates them to hisown use. A has committed criminal breach of trust.Dishonestmisappropria-tion ofpropertypossessed bydeceasedperson at thetime of hisdeath.",,,,,,,,,, Criminal,,,,,,,,,, breach oftrust.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4519 of 1952.,,,,,,,,,, 34 of 1948.85,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A is a warehouse-keeper Z going on a journey, entrusts his furniture to A, under a",,,,,,,,,, contract that it shall be returned on payment of a stipulated sum for warehouse room. Adishonestly sells the goods. A has committed criminal breach of trust.,,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, residing in Kolkata, is agent for Z, residing at Delhi. There is an express or implied",,,,,,,,,, "contract between A and Z, that all sums remitted by Z to A shall be invested by A, accordingto Z’s direction. Z remits a lakh of rupees to A, with directions to A to invest the same inCompany’s paper. A dishonestly disobeys the directions and employs the money in his ownbusiness. A has committed criminal breach of trust.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) But if A, in illustration ( c), not dishonestly but in good faith, believing that it will be",,,,,,,,,, "more for Z’s advantage to hold shares in the Bank of Bengal, disobeys Z’s directions, andbuys shares in the Bank of Bengal, for Z, instead of buying Company’s paper, here, thoughZ should suffer loss, and should be entitled to bring a civil action against A, on accountof that loss, yet A, not having acted dishonestly, has not committed criminal breach oftrust.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A, a revenue-officer, is entrusted with public money and is either directed by law, or",,,,,,,,,, "bound by a contract, express or implied, with the Government, to pay into a certain treasuryall the public money which he holds. A dishonestly appropriates the money. A has committedcriminal breach of trust.",,,,,,,,,, "(f) A, a carrier, is entrusted by Z with property to be carried by land or by water. A",,,,,,,,,, dishonestly misappropriates the property. A has committed criminal breach of trust.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits criminal breach of trust shall be punished with imprisonment of,,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever, being entrusted with property as a carrier, wharfinger or warehouse-",,,,,,,,,, "keeper, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of such property, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever, being a clerk or servant or employed as a clerk or servant, and being in",,,,,,,,,, "any manner entrusted in such capacity with property, or with any dominion over property,commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(5) Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over",,,,,,,,,, "property in his capacity of a public servant or in the way of his business as a banker,merchant, factor, broker, attorney or agent commits criminal breach of trust in respect of thatproperty, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Of the Receiving of stolen property,,,,,,,,,, "315. (1) Property, the possession whereof has been transferred by theft or extortion or",,,,,,,,,, "robbery or cheating, and property which has been criminally misappropriated or in respect ofwhich criminal breach of trust has been committed, is designated as “stolen property”,whether the transfer has been made, or the misappropriation or breach of trust has beencommitted, within or without India, but, if such property subsequently comes into thepossession of a person legally entitled to the possession thereof, it then ceases to be stolenproperty.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen property, knowing or having",,,,,,,,,, "reason to believe the same to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen property, the possession",,,,,,,,,, whereof he knows or has reason to believe to have been transferred by the commission of,,,,,,,,,, Stolenproperty.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4586,,,,,,,,,, "dacoity, or dishonestly receives from a person, whom he knows or has reason to believe to",,,,,,,,,, "belong or to have belonged to a gang of dacoits, property which he knows or has reason to",,,,,,,,,, "believe to have been stolen, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever habitually receives or deals in property which he knows or has reason to,,,,,,,,,, "believe to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (5) Whoever voluntarily assists in concealing or disposing of or making away with,,,,,,,,,, "property which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with",,,,,,,,,, "fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Of Cheating,,,,,,,,,, " 316. (1) Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces the",,,,,,,,,, "person so deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to consent that any person",,,,,,,,,, "shall retain any property, or intentionally induces the person so deceived to do or omit to do",,,,,,,,,, "anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and which act oromission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputationor property, is said to “cheat”.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —A dishonest concealment of facts is a deception within the meaning of,,,,,,,,,, this section.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, by falsely pretending to be in the Civil Service, intentionally deceives Z, and",,,,,,,,,, thus dishonestly induces Z to let him have on credit goods for which he does not mean to,,,,,,,,,, pay. A cheats.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, by putting a counterfeit mark on an article, intentionally deceives Z into a",,,,,,,,,, "belief that this article was made by a certain celebrated manufacturer, and thus dishonestly",,,,,,,,,, induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats.,,,,,,,,,, "(c) A, by exhibiting to Z a false sample of an article intentionally deceives Z into",,,,,,,,,, "believing that the article corresponds with the sample, and thereby dishonestly induces Z tobuy and pay for the article. A cheats.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A, by tendering in payment for an article a bill on a house with which A keeps no",,,,,,,,,, "money, and by which A expects that the bill will be dishonoured, intentionally deceives Z,and thereby dishonestly induces Z to deliver the article, intending not to pay for it. A cheats.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A, by pledging as diamond articles which he knows are not diamonds, intentionally",,,,,,,,,, "deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend money. A cheats.",,,,,,,,,, (f) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to repay any money that Z,,,,,,,,,, "may lend to him and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend him money, A not intending torepay it. A cheats.",,,,,,,,,, (g) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to deliver to Z a certain,,,,,,,,,, "quantity of indigo plant which he does not intend to deliver, and thereby dishonestly inducesZ to advance money upon the faith of such delivery. A cheats; but if A, at the time ofobtaining the money, intends to deliver the indigo plant, and afterwards breaks his contract",,,,,,,,,, "and does not deliver it, he does not cheat, but is liable only to a civil action for breach of",,,,,,,,,, contract.,,,,,,,,,, (h) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A has performed A’s part of a contract,,,,,,,,,, "made with Z, which he has not performed, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to pay money.",,,,,,,,,, A cheats.Cheating.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4587,,,,,,,,,, "(i) A sells and conveys an estate to B. A, knowing that in consequence of such sale",,,,,,,,,, "he has no right to the property, sells or mortgages the same to Z, without disclosing the factof the previous sale and conveyance to B, and receives the purchase or mortgage moneyfrom Z. A cheats.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever cheats shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a,,,,,,,,,, "term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever cheats with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause wrongful,,,,,,,,,, "loss to a person whose interest in the transaction to which the cheating relates, he wasbound, either by law, or by a legal contract, to protect, shall be punished with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever cheats and thereby dishonestly induces the person deceived to deliver,,,,,,,,,, "any property to any person, or to make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a valuablesecurity, or anything which is signed or sealed, and which is capable of being converted intoa valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 317. (1) A person is said to “cheat by personation” if he cheats by pretending to be,,,,,,,,,, "some other person, or by knowingly substituting one person for or another, or representingthat he or any other person is a person other than he or such other person really is.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —The offence is committed whether the individual personated is a real,,,,,,,,,, or imaginary person.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A cheats by pretending to be a certain rich banker of the same name. A cheats by,,,,,,,,,, personation.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A cheats by pretending to be B, a person who is deceased. A cheats by personation.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever cheats by personation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description,,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Of fraudulent deeds and dispositions of property,,,,,,,,,, "318. Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently removes, conceals or delivers to any person,",,,,,,,,,, "or transfers or causes to be transferred to any person, without adequate consideration, anyproperty, intending thereby to prevent, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby prevent,the distribution of that property according to law among his creditors or the creditors of anyother person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichshall not be less than six months but which may extend to two years, or with fine, or withboth.",,,,,,,,,, 319. Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself,,,,,,,,,, "or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debt orthe debts of such other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for",,,,,,,,,, "a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "320. Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently signs, executes or becomes a party to any",,,,,,,,,, "deed or instrument which purports to transfer or subject to any charge, any property, or any",,,,,,,,,, "interest therein, and which contains any false statement relating to the consideration for",,,,,,,,,, "such transfer or charge, or relating to the person or persons for whose use or benefit it isreally intended to operate, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.Cheating by",,,,,,,,,, personation.,,,,,,,,,, Dishonest or,,,,,,,,,, fraudulentremoval orconcealmentof property topreventdistributionamongcreditors.,,,,,,,,,, Dishonestly or,,,,,,,,,, fraudulentlypreventingdebt beingavailable forcreditors.,,,,,,,,,, Dishonest or,,,,,,,,,, fraudulentexecution ofdeed of transfercontainingfalse statementofconsideration.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 4088,,,,,,,,,, 321. Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently conceals or removes any property of himself,,,,,,,,,, "or any other person, or dishonestly or fraudulently assists in the concealment or removalthereof, or dishonestly releases any demand or claim to which he is entitled, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or withfine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Of Mischief,,,,,,,,,, "322. (1) Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause, wrongful",,,,,,,,,, "loss or damage to the public or to any person, causes the destruction of any property, or anysuch change in any property or in the situation thereof as destroys or diminishes its value orutility, or affects it injuriously, commits “mischief”.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—It is not essential to the offence of mischief that the offender should,,,,,,,,,, "intend to cause loss or damage to the owner of the property injured or destroyed. It issufficient if he intends to cause, or knows that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damageto any person by injuring any property, whether it belongs to that person or not.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—Mischief may be committed by an act affecting property belonging,,,,,,,,,, "to the person who commits the act, or to that person and others jointly.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A voluntarily burns a valuable security belonging to Z intending to cause wrongful,,,,,,,,,, loss to Z. A has committed mischief.,,,,,,,,,, (b) A introduces water in to an ice-house belonging to Z and thus causes the ice to,,,,,,,,,, "melt, intending wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A voluntarily throws into a river a ring belonging to Z, with the intention of thereby",,,,,,,,,, causing wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.,,,,,,,,,, "(d) A, knowing that his effects are about to be taken in execution in order to satisfy a",,,,,,,,,, "debt due from him to Z, destroys those effects, with the intention of thereby preventing Zfrom obtaining satisfaction of the debt, and of thus causing damage to Z. A has committedmischief.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A having insured a ship, voluntarily causes the same to be cast away, with the",,,,,,,,,, intention of causing damage to the underwriters. A has committed mischief.,,,,,,,,,, "(f) A cause a ship to be cast away, intending thereby to cause damage to Z who has lent",,,,,,,,,, money on bottomry on the ship. A has committed mischief.,,,,,,,,,, "(g) A, having joint property with Z in a horse, shoots the horse, intending thereby to",,,,,,,,,, cause wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.,,,,,,,,,, "(h) Acausescattle to enter upon a field belonging to Z, intending to cause and knowing",,,,,,,,,, that he is likely to cause damage to Z’s crop. A has committed mischief.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits mischief shall be punished with imprisonment of either description,,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever commits mischief and thereby causes loss or damage to any property,,,,,,,,,, "including the property of Government or Local Authority shall be punished with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever commits mischief and thereby causes loss or damage to the amount of,,,,,,,,,, "twenty thousand rupees and more but less than one lakh rupees shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, (5) Whoever commits mischief and thereby causes loss or damage to the amount of,,,,,,,,,, "one lakh rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.Dishonest orfraudulentremoval orconcealmentof property.",,,,,,,,,, Mischief.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4589,,,,,,,,,, "(6) Whoever commits mischief, having made preparation for causing to any person",,,,,,,,,, "death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint, or fear of death, or of hurt, or of wrongful restraint, shall",,,,,,,,,, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five,,,,,,,,,, "years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "323. Whoever commits mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless",,,,,,,,,, any animal shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may,,,,,,,,,, "extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "324. Whoever commits mischief by,––––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) doing any act which causes, or which he knows to be likely to cause, a",,,,,,,,,, "diminution of the supply of water for agricultural purposes, or for food or drink for",,,,,,,,,, "human beings or for animals which are property, or for cleanliness or for carrying onany manufacture, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, (b) doing any act which renders or which he knows to be likely to render any,,,,,,,,,, "public road, bridge, navigable river or navigable channel, natural or artificial, impassable",,,,,,,,,, "or less safe for travelling or conveying property, shall be punished with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or withboth;",,,,,,,,,, (c) doing any act which causes or which he knows to be likely to cause an,,,,,,,,,, "inundation or an obstruction to any public drainage attended with injury or damage,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extendto five years, or with fine, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(d) destroying or moving any sign or signal used for navigation of rail, aircraft",,,,,,,,,, "or ship or other thing placed as a guide for navigators, or by any act which renders any",,,,,,,,,, "such sign or signal less useful as a guide for navigators, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or withfine, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(e) destroying or moving any land-mark fixed by the authority of a public servant,",,,,,,,,,, "or by any act which renders such land-mark less useful as such, shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or withfine, or with both;",,,,,,,,,, "(f) fire or any explosive substance intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely",,,,,,,,,, "that he will thereby cause, damage to any property including agricultural produce,",,,,,,,,,, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend,,,,,,,,,, to seven years and shall also be liable to fine;,,,,,,,,,, "(g) fire or any explosive substance, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely",,,,,,,,,, "that he will thereby cause, the destruction of any building which is ordinarily used as",,,,,,,,,, "a place of worship or as a human dwelling or as a place for the custody of property,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "325. (1) Whoever commits mischief to any rail, aircraft, or a decked vessel or any",,,,,,,,,, "vessel of a burden of twenty tons or upwards, intending to destroy or render unsafe, or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that he will thereby destroy or render unsafe, that rail, aircraft or",,,,,,,,,, "vessel, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever commits, or attempts to commit, by fire or any explosive substance, such",,,,,,,,,, "mischief as is described in sub-section ( 1), shall be punished with imprisonment for life or",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall",,,,,,,,,, also be liable to fine.Mischief by,,,,,,,,,, killing ormaiminganimal.,,,,,,,,,, Mischief by,,,,,,,,,, "injury,inundation, fireor explosivesubstance, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Mischief with,,,,,,,,,, "intent todestroy ormake unsafe arail, aircraft,decked vesselor one oftwenty tonsburden.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4590,,,,,,,,,, "326. Whoever intentionally runs any vessel aground or ashore, intending to commit",,,,,,,,,, "theft of any property contained therein or to dishonestly misappropriate any such property,or with intent that such theft or misappropriation of property may be committed, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Of criminal trespass,,,,,,,,,, 327. (1) Whoever enters into or upon property in the possession of another with,,,,,,,,,, "intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession ofsuch property or having lawfully entered into or upon such property, unlawfully remainsthere with intent thereby to intimidate, insult or annoy any such person or with intent tocommit an offenceis said to commit “criminal trespass”.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building,",,,,,,,,,, "tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as aplace for the custody of property, is said to commit “house-trespass”.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser’s body is entering,,,,,,,,,, sufficient to constitute house-trespass.,,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever commits criminal trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either,,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend tofive thousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever commits house-trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either,,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to fivethousand rupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 328. (1) Whoever commits house-trespass having taken precautions to conceal such,,,,,,,,,, "house-trespass from some person who has a right to exclude or eject the trespasser from thebuilding, tent or vessel which is the subject of the trespass, is said to commit “lurking house-trespass”.",,,,,,,,,, (2) A person is said to commit “house-breaking” who commits house-trespass if he,,,,,,,,,, "effects his entrance into the house or any part of it in any of the six ways hereinafterdescribed; or if, being in the house or any part of it for the purpose of committing an offence,or having committed an offence therein, he quits the house or any part of it in any offollowing ways, namely:––",,,,,,,,,, "(a) if he enters or quits through a passage made by himself, or by any abettor of",,,,,,,,,, "the house-trespass, in order to the committing of the house-trespass;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) if he enters or quits through any passage not intended by any person, other",,,,,,,,,, "than himself or an abettor of the offence, for human entrance; or through any passageto which he has obtained access by scaling or climbing over any wall or building;",,,,,,,,,, (c) if he enters or quits through any passage which he or any abettor of the,,,,,,,,,, "house-trespass has opened, in order to the committing of the house-trespass by anymeans by which that passage was not intended by the occupier of the house to beopened;",,,,,,,,,, (d) if he enters or quits by opening any lock in order to the committing of the,,,,,,,,,, "house-trespass, or in order to the quitting of the house after a house-trespass;",,,,,,,,,, (e) if he effects his entrance or departure by using criminal force or committing,,,,,,,,,, "an assault, or by threatening any person with assault;",,,,,,,,,, (f) if he enters or quits by any passage which he knows to have been fastened,,,,,,,,,, "against such entrance or departure, and to have been unfastened by himself or by anabettor of the house-trespass.Punishment forintentionallyrunning vesselaground orashore withintent tocommit theft,etc.",,,,,,,,,, Criminal,,,,,,,,,, trespass andhouse-trespass.,,,,,,,,,, House-trespass,,,,,,,,,, and house-breaking.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4591,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation. —Any out-house or building occupied with a house, and between which",,,,,,,,,, "and such house there is an immediate internal communication, is part of the house within themeaning of this section.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A commits house-trespass by making a hole through the wall of Z’s house, and",,,,,,,,,, putting his hand through the aperture. This is house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, (b) A commits house-trespass by creeping into a ship at a port-hole between decks.,,,,,,,,,, This is house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, (c) A commits house-trespass by entering Z’s house through a window. This is house-,,,,,,,,,, breaking.,,,,,,,,,, "(d) A commits house-trespass by entering Z’s house through the door, having opened",,,,,,,,,, a door which was fastened. This is house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, "(e) A commits house-trespass by entering Z’s house through the door, having lifted a",,,,,,,,,, latch by putting a wire through a hole in the door. This is house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, "(f) A finds the key of Z’s house door, which Z had lost, and commits house-trespass",,,,,,,,,, "by entering Z’s house, having opened the door with that key. This is house-breaking.",,,,,,,,,, "(g) Z is standing in his doorway. A forces a passage by knocking Z down, and",,,,,,,,,, commits house-trespass by entering the house. This is house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, "(h) Z, the door-keeper of Y, is standing in Y’s doorway. A commits house-trespass by",,,,,,,,,, "entering the house, having deterred Z from opposing him by threatening to beat him. This ishouse-breaking.",,,,,,,,,, "329. (1) Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, shall be punished",,,,,,,,,, "with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shallalso be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after sunset and before,,,,,,,,,, "sunrise, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, in order to the",,,,,,,,,, "committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable tofine; and if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the imprisonment maybe extended to ten years.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after sunset and before,,,,,,,,,, "sunrise, in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years,and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the termof the imprisonment may be extended to fourteen years.",,,,,,,,,, "(5) Whoever commits lurking house-trespass, or house-breaking, having made",,,,,,,,,, "preparation for causing hurt to any person, or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfullyrestraining any person, or for putting any person in fear of hurt or of assault or of wrongfulrestraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description or a term which mayextend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, (6) Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after sunset and before,,,,,,,,,, "sunrise, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person or for assaulting anyperson, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting any person in fear of hurt, orof assault, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to fourteen years, and shall also be liable to fine.Punishment forhouse-trespassor house-breaking.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4592,,,,,,,,,, "(7) Whoever, whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, causes",,,,,,,,,, "grievous hurt to any person or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, shallbe punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(8) If, at the time of the committing of lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after",,,,,,,,,, "sunset and before sunrise, any person guilty of such offence shall voluntarily cause orattempt to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, every person jointly concerned incommitting such lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after sunset and before sunrise,shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for aterm which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 330. Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence––,,,,,,,,,, "(a) punishable with death, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with",,,,,,,,,, "rigorous imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable tofine;",,,,,,,,,, "(b) punishable with imprisonment for life, shall be punished with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "of either description for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;",,,,,,,,,, "(c) punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine:",,,,,,,,,, "Provided that if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the",,,,,,,,,, imprisonment may be extended to seven years.,,,,,,,,,, "331. Whoever commits house-trespass, having made preparation for causing hurt to",,,,,,,,,, "any person or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or forputting any person in fear of hurt, or of assault, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shallalso be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "332. (1) Whoever dishonestly or with intent to commit mischief, breaks open or",,,,,,,,,, "unfastens any closed receptacle which contains or which he believes to contain property,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to twoyears, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever, being entrusted with any closed receptacle which contains or which he",,,,,,,,,, "believes to contain property, without having authority to open the same, dishonestly, or withintent to commit mischief, breaks open or unfastens that receptacle, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, orwith both.",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XVIII,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, F OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY MARKS,,,,,,,,,, 333. A person is said to make a false document or false electronic record—,,,,,,,,,, (A) Who dishonestly or fraudulently—,,,,,,,,,, "(i) makes, signs, seals or executes a document or part of a document;",,,,,,,,,, (ii) makes or transmits any electronic record or part of any electronic,,,,,,,,,, record;,,,,,,,,,, (iii) affixes any electronic signature on any electronic record;,,,,,,,,,, (iv)makes any mark denoting the execution of a document or the,,,,,,,,,, "authenticity of the electronic signature,",,,,,,,,,, "with the intention of causing it to be believed that such document or part of document,",,,,,,,,,, "electronic record or electronic signature was made, signed, sealed, executed, transmitted orHouse-trespassin order tocommitoffence.",,,,,,,,,, House-trespass,,,,,,,,,, "afterpreparation forhurt, assault orwrongfulrestraint.",,,,,,,,,, Dishonestly,,,,,,,,,, breaking openreceptaclecontainingproperty.,,,,,,,,,, Making a false,,,,,,,,,, document.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4593,,,,,,,,,, affixed by or by the authority of a person by whom or by whose authority he knows that it,,,,,,,,,, "was not made, signed, sealed, executed or affixed; or",,,,,,,,,, "(B) Who without lawful authority, dishonestly or fraudulently, by cancellation",,,,,,,,,, "or otherwise, alters a document or an electronic record in any material part thereof,after it has been made, executed or affixed with electronic signature either by himself orby any other person, whether such person be living or dead at the time of suchalteration; or",,,,,,,,,, "(C) Who dishonestly or fraudulently causes any person to sign, seal, execute or",,,,,,,,,, "alter a document or an electronic record or to affix his electronic signature on anyelectronic record knowing that such person by reason of mental illness or intoxicationcannot, or that by reason of deception practised upon him, he does not know thecontents of the document or electronic record or the nature of the alteration.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A has a letter of credit upon B for rupees 10,000, written by Z. A, in order to defraud",,,,,,,,,, "B, adds cipher to the 10,000, and makes the sum 1,00,000 intending that it may be believed byB that Z so wrote the letter. A has committed forgery.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, without Z’s authority, affixes Z’s seal to a document purporting to be a conveyance",,,,,,,,,, "of an estate from Z to A, with the intention of selling the estate to B and thereby of obtainingfrom B the purchase-money. A has committed forgery.",,,,,,,,,, "(c) A picks up a cheque on a banker signed by B, payable to bearer, but without any",,,,,,,,,, sum having been inserted in the cheque. A fraudulently fills up the cheque by inserting thesum of ten thousand rupees. A commits forgery.,,,,,,,,,, "(d) A leaves with B, his agent, a cheque on a banker, signed by A, without inserting the",,,,,,,,,, sum payable and authorises B to fill up the cheque by inserting a sum not exceeding tenthousand rupees for the purpose of making certain payments. B fraudulently fills up thecheque by inserting the sum of twenty thousand rupees. B commits forgery.,,,,,,,,,, "(e) A draws a bill of exchange on himself in the name of B without B’s authority,",,,,,,,,,, "intending to discount it as a genuine bill with a banker and intending to take up the bill on itsmaturity. Here, as A draws the bill with intent to deceive the banker by leading him tosuppose that he had the security of B, and thereby to discount the bill, A is guilty of forgery.",,,,,,,,,, (f) Z’s will contains these words—“I direct that all my remaining property be equally,,,,,,,,,, "divided between A, B and C.” A dishonestly scratches out B’s name, intending that it may bebelieved that the whole was left to himself and C. A has committed forgery.",,,,,,,,,, (g) A endorses a Government promissory note and makes it payable to Z or his order,,,,,,,,,, "by writing on the bill the words “Pay to Z or his order” and signing the endorsement. Bdishonestly erases the words “Pay to Z or his order”, and thereby converts the specialendorsement into a blank endorsement. B commits forgery.",,,,,,,,,, "(h) A sells and conveys an estate to Z. A afterwards, in order to defraud Z of his estate,",,,,,,,,,, "executes a conveyance of the same estate to B, dated six months earlier than the date of theconveyance to Z, intending it to be believed that he had conveyed the estate to B before heconveyed it to Z. A has committed forgery.",,,,,,,,,, "(i) Z dictates his will to A. A intentionally writes down a different legatee named by Z,",,,,,,,,,, "and by representing to Z that he has prepared the will according to his instructions, inducesZ to sign the will. A has committed forgery.",,,,,,,,,, "(j) A writes a letter and signs it with B’s name without B’s authority, certifying that A is",,,,,,,,,, "a man of good character and in distressed circumstances from unforeseen misfortune,intending by means of such letter to obtain alms from Z and other persons. Here, as A madea false document in order to induce Z to part with property, A has committed forgery.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4594,,,,,,,,,, (k) A without B’s authority writes a letter and signs it in B’s name certifying to A’s,,,,,,,,,, "character, intending thereby to obtain employment under Z. A has committed forgery in asmuch as he intended to deceive Z by the forged certificate, and thereby to induce Z to enterinto an express or implied contract for service.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 1.—A man’s signature of his own name may amount to forgery.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A signs his own name to a bill of exchange, intending that it may be believed that",,,,,,,,,, the bill was drawn by another person of the same name. A has committed forgery.,,,,,,,,,, "(b) A writes the word “accepted” on a piece of paper and signs it with Z’s name, in",,,,,,,,,, "order that B may afterwards write on the paper a bill of exchange drawn by B upon Z, and",,,,,,,,,, "negotiate the bill as though it had been accepted by Z. A is guilty of forgery; and if B,knowing the fact, draws the bill upon the paper pursuant to A’s intention, B is also guilty offorgery.",,,,,,,,,, (c) A picks up a bill of exchange payable to the order of a different person of the same,,,,,,,,,, "name. A endorses the bill in his own name, intending to cause it to be believed that it wasendorsed by the person to whose order it was payable; here A has committed forgery.",,,,,,,,,, "(d) A purchases an estate sold under execution of a decree against B. B, after the",,,,,,,,,, "seizure of the estate, in collusion with Z, executes a lease of the estate, to Z at a nominal rentand for a long period and dates the lease six months prior to the seizure, with intent todefraud A, and to cause it to be believed that the lease was granted before the seizure. B,though he executes the lease in his own name, commits forgery by antedating it.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) A, a trader, in anticipation of insolvency, lodges effects with B for A’s benefit, and",,,,,,,,,, "with intent to defraud his creditors; and in order to give a colour to the transaction, writes apromissory note binding himself to pay to B a sum for value received, and antedates thenote, intending that it may be believed to have been made before A was on the point ofinsolvency. A has committed forgery under the first head of the definition.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 2.—The making of a false document in the name of a fictious person,",,,,,,,,,, "intending it to be believed that the document was made by a real person, or in the name of adeceased person, intending it to be believed that the document was made by the person inhis lifetime, may amount to forgery.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A draws a bill of exchange upon a fictious person, and fraudulently accepts the bill in",,,,,,,,,, the name of such fictitious person with intent to negotiate it. A commits forgery.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this section, the expression “affixing electronic",,,,,,,,,, signature” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause ( d) of sub-section ( 1) of section 2,,,,,,,,,, "of the Information Technology Act, 2000.",,,,,,,,,, 334. (1) Whoever makes any false document or false electronic record or part of a,,,,,,,,,, "document or electronic record, with intent to cause damage or injury, to the public or to anyperson, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any person to part with property, or toenter into any express or implied contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may becommitted, commits forgery.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits forgery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description,,,,,,,,,, "for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged",,,,,,,,,, "shall be used for the purpose of cheating, shall be punished with imprisonment of either",,,,,,,,,, "description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Forgery.21 of 2000.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4595,,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged",,,,,,,,,, "shall harm the reputation of any party, or knowing that it is likely to be used for that purpose,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend tothree years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "335. Whoever forges a document or an electronic record, purporting to be a record or",,,,,,,,,, "proceeding of or in a Court or an identity document issued by Government including voteridentity card or Aadhaar Card, or a register of birth, marriage or burial, or a register kept bya public servant as such, or a certificate or document purporting to be made by a publicservant in his official capacity, or an authority to institute or defend a suit, or to take anyproceedings therein, or to confess judgment, or a power of attorney, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall alsobe liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation. —For the purposes of this section, “register” includes any list, data or",,,,,,,,,, record of any entries maintained in the electronic form as defined in clause ( r) of sub-section ( 1),,,,,,,,,, "of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000.",,,,,,,,,, "336. Whoever forges a document which purports to be a valuable security or a will, or",,,,,,,,,, "an authority to adopt a son, or which purports to give authority to any person to make ortransfer any valuable security, or to receive the principal, interest or dividends thereon, or toreceive or deliver any money, movable property, or valuable security, or any documentpurporting to be an acquaintance or receipt acknowledging the payment of money, or anacquaintance or receipt for the delivery of any movable property or valuable security, shallbe punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "337. Whoever has in his possession any document or electronic record, knowing the",,,,,,,,,, "same to be forged and intending that the same shall fraudulently or dishonestly be used asgenuine, shall, if the document or electronic record is one of the description mentioned insection 335 of this Sanhita, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the document is oneof the description mentioned in section 336, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, orwith imprisonment of either description, for a term which may extend to seven years, andshall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, 338. (1) A false document or electronic record made wholly or in part by forgery is,,,,,,,,,, designated “a forged document or electronic record”.,,,,,,,,,, (2)Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any document or electronic,,,,,,,,,, "record which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged document or electronic record,shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged such document or electronic record.",,,,,,,,,, "339. (1) Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making",,,,,,,,,, "an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing anyforgery which would be punishable under section 336 of this Sanhita, or, with such intent,has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to becounterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an",,,,,,,,,, "impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgerywhich would be punishable under any section of this Chapter other than section 336, or, withsuch intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing thesame to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be",,,,,,,,,, "counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.Forgery ofrecord ofCourt or ofpublic register,etc.",,,,,,,,,, Forgery of,,,,,,,,,, "valuablesecurity, will,etc.",,,,,,,,,, Having,,,,,,,,,, "possession ofdocumentdescribed insection 335 or336, knowing itto be forgedand intendingto use it asgenuine.21 of 2000.",,,,,,,,,, Forged,,,,,,,,,, document orelectronicrecord andusing it asgenuine.,,,,,,,,,, Making or,,,,,,,,,, "possessingcounterfeitseal, etc., withintent tocommitforgerypunishableunder section336.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5096,,,,,,,,,, "(4) Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other",,,,,,,,,, "instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit, shall be punishedin the same manner as if he had made or counterfeited such seal, plate or other instrument.",,,,,,,,,, "340. (1) Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material, any device",,,,,,,,,, "or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document described in section 336 of thisSanhita, intending that such device or mark shall be used for the purpose of giving theappearance of authenticity to any document then forged or thereafter to be forged on suchmaterial, or who, with such intent, has in his possession any material upon or in the substanceof which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonmentfor life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to sevenyears, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material, any device or",,,,,,,,,, "mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document or electronic record other thanthe documents described in section 336 of this Sanhita, intending that such device or markshall be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of authenticity to any document thenforged or thereafter to be forged on such material, or who with such intent, has in hispossession any material upon or in the substance of which any such device or mark has beencounterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "341. Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to cause damage or injury to",,,,,,,,,, "the public or to any person, cancels, destroys or defaces, or attempts to cancel, destroy ordeface, or secretes or attempts to secrete any document which is or purports to be a will, oran authority to adopt a son, or any valuable security, or commits mischief in respect of suchdocument, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "342. Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant, or employed or acting in the capacity",,,,,,,,,, "of a clerk, officer or servant, wilfully, and with intent to defraud, destroys, alters, mutilates orfalsifies any book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account whichbelongs to or is in the possession of his employer, or has been received by him for or onbehalf of his employer, or wilfully, and with intent to defraud, makes or abets the making ofany false entry in, or omits or alters or abets the omission or alteration of any materialparticular from or in, any such book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security oraccount, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation.– It shall be sufficient in any charge under this section to allege a general,,,,,,,,,, "intent to defraud without naming any particular person intended to be defrauded or specifyingany particular sum of money intended to be the subject of the fraud, or any particular day onwhich the offence was committed.",,,,,,,,,, Of Property marks,,,,,,,,,, 343. (1) A mark used for denoting that movable property belongs to a particular person,,,,,,,,,, is called a property mark.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever marks any movable property or goods or any case, package or other",,,,,,,,,, "receptacle containing movable property or goods, or uses any case, package or otherreceptacle having any mark thereon, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause it to bebelieved that the property or goods so marked, or any property or goods contained in anysuch receptacle so marked, belong to a person to whom they do not belong, is said to use afalse property mark.",,,,,,,,,, "(3)Whoever uses any false property mark shall, unless he proves that he acted without",,,,,,,,,, "intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which mayextend to one year, or with fine, or with both.Counterfeitingdevice ormark used forauthenticatingdocumentsdescribed insection 336,or possessingcounterfeitmarkedmaterial.",,,,,,,,,, Fraudulent,,,,,,,,,, "cancellation,destruction,etc., of will,authority toadopt, orvaluablesecurity.",,,,,,,,,, Falsification,,,,,,,,,, of accounts.,,,,,,,,,, Property,,,,,,,,,, mark.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,,, 5097,,,,,,,,,, "344. Whoever removes, destroys, defaces or adds to any property mark, intending or",,,,,,,,,, "knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause injury to any person, shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or",,,,,,,,,, with both.,,,,,,,,,, 345. (1) Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by any other person shall be,,,,,,,,,, "punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years,or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by a public servant, or any mark",,,,,,,,,, used by a public servant to denote that any property has been manufactured by a particular,,,,,,,,,, "person or at a particular time or place, or that the property is of a particular quality or haspassed through a particular office, or that it is entitled to any exemption, or uses as genuineany such mark knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "346. Whoever makes or has in his possession any die, plate or other instrument for the",,,,,,,,,, "purpose of counterfeiting a property mark, or has in his possession a property mark for thepurpose of denoting that any goods belong to a person to whom they do not belong, shallbe punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three",,,,,,,,,, "years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "347. Whoever sells, or exposes, or has in possession for sale, any goods or things",,,,,,,,,, "with a counterfeit property mark affixed to or impressed upon the same or to or upon anycase, package or other receptacle in which such goods are contained, shall, unless he proves—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) that, having taken all reasonable precautions against committing an offence",,,,,,,,,, "against this section, he had at the time of the commission of the alleged offence no",,,,,,,,,, reason to suspect the genuineness of the mark; and,,,,,,,,,, "(b) that, on demand made by or on behalf of the prosecutor, he gave all the",,,,,,,,,, information in his power with respect to the persons from whom he obtained suchgoods or things; or,,,,,,,,,, "(c) that otherwise he had acted innocently,",,,,,,,,,, "be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year,",,,,,,,,,, "or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "348. (1) Whoever makes any false mark upon any case, package or other receptacle",,,,,,,,,, "containing goods, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause any public servant or anyother person to believe that such receptacle contains goods which it does not contain or that",,,,,,,,,, "it does not contain goods which it does contain, or that the goods contained in such",,,,,,,,,, "receptacle are of a nature or quality different from the real nature or quality thereof, shall,unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever makes use of any false mark in any manner prohibited under sub-section ( 1),,,,,,,,,, "shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished as if he hadcommitted the offence under sub-section ( 1).",,,,,,,,,, CHAPTER XIX,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,, "F CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION , INSULT , ANNOYANCE , DEFAMATION , ETC.",,,,,,,,,, "349. (1) Whoever threatens by any means, another with any injury to his person,",,,,,,,,,, "reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is",,,,,,,,,, "interested, with intent to cause alarm to that person, or to cause that person to do any actwhich he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do any act which that person is legallyentitled to do, as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat, commits criminal",,,,,,,,,, intimidation.Tampering,,,,,,,,,, with propertymark withintent to causeinjury.,,,,,,,,,, Counterfeiting,,,,,,,,,, a propertymark.,,,,,,,,,, Making or,,,,,,,,,, possession ofany instru-ment forcounterfeitinga propertymark.,,,,,,,,,, Selling goods,,,,,,,,,, marked with acounterfeitpropertymark.,,,,,,,,,, Making a false,,,,,,,,,, mark uponany receptaclecontaininggoods.,,,,,,,,,, Criminal,,,,,,,,,, intimidation.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4598,,,,,,,,,, Explanation. —A threat to injure the reputation of any deceased person in whom the,,,,,,,,,, "person threatened is interested, is within this section.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A, for the purpose of inducing B to resist from prosecuting a civil suit, threatens to",,,,,,,,,, burn B’s house. A is guilty of criminal intimidation.,,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation shall be punished with,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or",,,,,,,,,, with both.,,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation by treating to cause death,,,,,,,,,, "or grievous hurt, or to cause the destruction of any property by fire, or to cause an offence",,,,,,,,,, "punishable with death or imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which mayextend to seven years, or to impute unchastity to a woman, shall be punished with",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine,",,,,,,,,,, or with both.,,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation by an anonymous,,,,,,,,,, "communication, or having taken precaution to conceal the name or abode of the person from",,,,,,,,,, "whom the threat comes, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to two years, in addition to the punishment provided for the offence under",,,,,,,,,, sub-section ( 1).,,,,,,,,,, "350. Whoever intentionally insults in any manner, and thereby gives provocation to",,,,,,,,,, "any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break",,,,,,,,,, "the public peace, or to commit any other offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of",,,,,,,,,, "either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "351. (1) Whoever makes, publishes or circulates any statement, false information,",,,,,,,,,, "rumour, or report, including through electronic means—",,,,,,,,,, "(a) with intent to cause, or which is likely to cause, any officer, soldier, sailor or",,,,,,,,,, "airman in the Army, Navy or Air Force of India to mutiny or otherwise disregard or fail",,,,,,,,,, in his duty as such; or,,,,,,,,,, "(b) with intent to cause, or which is likely to cause, fear or alarm to the public, or",,,,,,,,,, to any section of the public whereby any person may be induced to commit an offence,,,,,,,,,, against the State or against the public tranquility; or,,,,,,,,,, "(c) with intent to incite, or which is likely to incite, any class or community of",,,,,,,,,, "persons to commit any offence against any other class or community,",,,,,,,,,, "shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with",,,,,,,,,, both.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Whoever makes, publishes or circulates any statement or report containing false",,,,,,,,,, "information, rumour or alarming news, including through electronic means, with intent to",,,,,,,,,, "create or promote, or which is likely to create or promote, on grounds of religion, race, placeof birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, feelings",,,,,,,,,, "of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or",,,,,,,,,, "castes or communities shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years,or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (3) Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section ( 2) in any place of worship,,,,,,,,,, "or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies,shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable",,,,,,,,,, to fine.Intentional,,,,,,,,,, insult withintent toprovokebreach ofpeace.,,,,,,,,,, Statements,,,,,,,,,, conducing topublicmischief.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 4599,,,,,,,,,, "Exception . —It does not amount to an offence, within the meaning of this section,",,,,,,,,,, "when the person making, publishing or circulating any such statement, false information ,",,,,,,,,,, "rumour or report, has reasonable grounds for believing that such statement, false information,rumour or report is true and makes, publishes or circulates it in good faith and without anysuch intent as aforesaid.",,,,,,,,,, 352. Whoever voluntarily causes or attempts to cause any person to do anything,,,,,,,,,, "which that person is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do anything which he is legallyentitled to do, by inducing or attempting to induce that person to believe that he or anyperson in whom he is interested will become or will be rendered by some act of the offenderan object of Divine displeasure if he does not do the thing which it is the object of theoffender to cause him to do, or if he does the thing which it is the object of the offender tocause him to omit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A sits dharna at Z’s door with the intention of causing it to be believed that, by so",,,,,,,,,, "sitting, he renders Z an object of Divine displeasure. A has committed the offence defined inthis section.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A threatens Z that, unless Z performs a certain act, A will kill one of A’s own",,,,,,,,,, "children, under such circumstances that the killing would be believed to render Z an objectof Divine displeasure. A has committed the offence defined in this section.",,,,,,,,,, "353. Whoever, in a state of intoxication, appears in any public place, or in any place",,,,,,,,,, "which it is a trespass in him to enter, and there conducts himself in such a manner as to causeannoyance to any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which mayextend to twenty-four hours, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or withboth or with community service.",,,,,,,,,, Of Defamation,,,,,,,,,, "354. (1) Whoever, by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by",,,,,,,,,, "visible representations, makes or publishes in any manner, any imputation concerning anyperson intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation willharm, the reputation of such person, is said, except in the cases hereinafter excepted, todefame that person.",,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 1.—It may amount to defamation to impute anything to a deceased person,",,,,,,,,,, "if the imputation would harm the reputation of that person if living, and is intended to behurtful to the feelings of his family or other near relatives.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation 2.—It may amount to defamation to make an imputation concerning a,,,,,,,,,, company or an association or collection of persons as such.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 3.—An imputation in the form of an alternative or expressed ironically,",,,,,,,,,, may amount to defamation.,,,,,,,,,, "Explanation 4.—No imputation is said to harm a person’s reputation, unless that",,,,,,,,,, "imputation directly or indirectly, in the estimation of others, lowers the moral or intellectualcharacter of that person, or lowers the character of that person in respect of his caste or of hiscalling, or lowers the credit of that person, or causes it to be believed that the body of thatperson is in a loathsome state, or in a state generally considered as disgraceful.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A says— “Z is an honest man; he never stole B’s watch”; intending to cause it to,,,,,,,,,, "be believed that Z did steal B’s watch. This is defamation, unless it falls within one of theexceptions.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A is asked who stole B’s watch. A points to Z, intending to cause it to be believed",,,,,,,,,, "that Z stole B’s watch. This is defamation, unless it falls within one of the exceptions.Act causedby inducingperson tobelieve that hewill be renderedan object ofthe Divinedispleasure.",,,,,,,,,, Misconduct in,,,,,,,,,, public by adrunkenperson.,,,,,,,,,, Defamation.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45100,,,,,,,,,, "(c) A draws a picture of Z running away with B’s watch, intending it to be believed that",,,,,,,,,, "Z stole B’s watch. This is defamation, unless it falls within one of the exceptions.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 1.— It is not defamation to impute anything which is true concerning any,,,,,,,,,, "person, if it be for the public good that the imputation should be made or published. Whetheror not it is for the public good is a question of fact.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 2.— It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion whatever,,,,,,,,,, "respecting the conduct of a public servant in the discharge of his public functions, orrespecting his character, so far as his character appears in that conduct, and no further.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 3.— It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion whatever,,,,,,,,,, "respecting the conduct of any person touching any public question, and respecting hischaracter, so far as his character appears in that conduct, and no further.",,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, It is not defamation in A to express in good faith any opinion whatever respecting Z’s,,,,,,,,,, "conduct in petitioning Government on a public question, in signing a requisition for a meetingon a public question, in presiding or attending at such meeting, in forming or joining anysociety which invites the public support, in voting or canvassing for a particular candidatefor any situation in the efficient discharge of the duties of which the public is interested.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 4.––It is not defamation to publish substantially true report of the,,,,,,,,,, "proceedings of a Court, or of the result of any such proceedings.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation .—A Magistrate or other officer holding an enquiry in open Court,,,,,,,,,, "preliminary to a trial in a Court, is a Court within the meaning of the above section.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 5.—It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion whatever,,,,,,,,,, "respecting the merits of any case, civil or criminal, which has been decided by a Court, orrespecting the conduct of any person as a party, witness or agent, in any such case, orrespecting the character of such person, as far as his character appears in that conduct, andno further.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, (a) A says— “I think Z’s evidence on that trial is so contradictory that he must be,,,,,,,,,, "stupid or dishonest.” A is within this exception if he says this in good faith, inasmuch as theopinion which he expresses respects Z’s character as it appears in Z’s conduct as a witness,and no further.",,,,,,,,,, (b) But if A says— “I do not believe what Z asserted at that trial because I know him to,,,,,,,,,, "be a man without veracity”; A is not within this exception, inasmuch as the opinion whichexpress of Z’s character, is an opinion not founded on Z’s conduct as a witness.",,,,,,,,,, Exception . 6—It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion respecting the,,,,,,,,,, "merits of any performance which its author has submitted to the judgment of the public, orrespecting the character of the author so far as his character appears in such performance,and no further.",,,,,,,,,, Explanation .—A performance may be submitted to the judgment of the public expressly,,,,,,,,,, or by acts on the part of the author which imply such submission to the judgment of thepublic.,,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A person who publishes a book, submits that book to the judgment of the public.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A person who makes a speech in public, submits that speech to the judgment of the",,,,,,,,,, public.,,,,,,,,,, "(c) An actor or singer who appears on a public stage, submits his acting or singing to",,,,,,,,,, the judgment of the public.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45101,,,,,,,,,, (d) A says of a book published by Z—“Z’s book is foolish; Z must be a weak man. Z’s,,,,,,,,,, "book is indecent; Z must be a man of impure mind.” A is within the exception, if he says thisin good faith, inasmuch as the opinion which he expresses of Z respects Z’s character only",,,,,,,,,, "so far as it appears in Z’s book, and no further.",,,,,,,,,, "(e) But if A says “I am not surprised that Z’s book is foolish and indecent, for he is a",,,,,,,,,, "weak man and a libertine.” A is not within this exception, inasmuch as the opinion which heexpresses of Z’s character is an opinion not founded on Z’s book.",,,,,,,,,, "Exception 7.—It is not defamation in a person having over another any authority,",,,,,,,,,, "either conferred by law or arising out of a lawful contract made with that other, to pass in",,,,,,,,,, good faith any censure on the conduct of that other in matters to which such lawful authority,,,,,,,,,, relates.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, "A Judge censuring in good faith the conduct of a witness, or of an officer of the Court;",,,,,,,,,, "a head of a department censuring in good faith those who are under his orders, a parentcensuring in good faith a child in the presence of other children; a schoolmaster, whose",,,,,,,,,, "authority is derived from a parent, censuring in good faith a pupil in the presence of other",,,,,,,,,, pupils; a master censuring a servant in good faith for remissness in service; a banker censuringin good faith the cashier of his bank for the conduct of such cashier as such cashier- arewithin this exception.,,,,,,,,,, Exception 8.—It is not defamation to prefer in good faith an accusation against any,,,,,,,,,, person to any of those who have lawful authority over that person with respect to the,,,,,,,,,, subject-matter of accusation.,,,,,,,,,, Illustration.,,,,,,,,,, If A in good faith accuses Z before a Magistrate; if A in good faith complains of the,,,,,,,,,, "conduct of Z, a servant, to Z’s master; if A in good faith complains of the conduct of Z, achild, to Z’s father-A is within this exception.",,,,,,,,,, Exception 9.— It is not defamation to make an imputation on the character of another,,,,,,,,,, provided that the imputation be made in good faith for the protection of the interests of the,,,,,,,,,, "person making it, or of any other person, or for the public good.",,,,,,,,,, Illustrations.,,,,,,,,,, "(a) A, a shopkeeper, says to B, who manages his business—“Sell nothing to Z unless",,,,,,,,,, "he pays you ready money, for I have no opinion of his honesty.” A is within the exception, ifhe has made this imputation on Z in good faith for the protection of his own interests.",,,,,,,,,, "(b) A, a Magistrate, in making a report to his own superior officer, casts an imputation",,,,,,,,,, "on the character of Z. Here, if the imputation is made in good faith, and for the public good,A is within the exception.",,,,,,,,,, "Exception 10.— It is not defamation to convey a caution, in good faith, to one person",,,,,,,,,, "against another, provided that such caution be intended for the good of the person to whomit is conveyed, or of some person in whom that person is interested, or for the public good.",,,,,,,,,, (2) Whoever defames another shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term,,,,,,,,,, "which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both or with community service.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Whoever prints or engraves any matter, knowing or having good reason to believe",,,,,,,,,, "that such matter is defamatory of any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment fora term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, (4) Whoever sells or offers for sale any printed or engraved substance containing,,,,,,,,,, "defamatory matter, knowing that it contains such matter, shall be punished with simple",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.5",,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 45102,,,,,,,,,, Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.,,,,,,,,,, "355. Whoever, being bound by a lawful contract to attend on or to supply the wants",,,,,,,,,, "of any person who, by reason of youth, or of mental illness, or of a disease or bodilyweakness, is helpless or incapable of providing for his own safety or of supplying his ownwants, voluntarily omits so to do, shall be punished with imprisonment of either descriptionfor a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five thousandrupees, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, 356. (1) The Indian Penal Code is hereby repealed.,,,,,,,,,, "(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Code referred to in sub-section ( 1), it shall not",,,,,,,,,, "affect,—",,,,,,,,,, (a) the previous operation of the Code so repealed or anything duly done or,,,,,,,,,, suffered thereunder; or,,,,,,,,,, " (b) any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred",,,,,,,,,, under the Code so repealed; or,,,,,,,,,, " (c) any penalty, or punishment incurred in respect of any offences committed",,,,,,,,,, against the Code so repealed; or,,,,,,,,,, " (d) any investigation or remedy in respect of any such penalty, or punishment; or",,,,,,,,,, " (e) any proceeding, investigation or remedy in respect of any such penalty or",,,,,,,,,, "punishment as aforesaid, and any such proceeding or remedy may be instituted,continued or enforced, and any such penalty may be imposed as if that Code had notbeen repealed.",,,,,,,,,, "(3) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the said",,,,,,,,,, Code shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions ofthis Sanhita.,,,,,,,,,, (4) The mention of particular matters in sub-section ( 2) shall not be held to prejudice or,,,,,,,,,, "affect the general application of section 6 of the General Clauses Act,1897 with regard to theeffect of the repeal.Breach ofcontract toattend on andsupply wantsof helplessperson.",,,,,,,,,, Repeal and,,,,,,,,,, savings.45 of 1860.,,,,,,,,,, 10 of 1897.5,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 25STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS,,,,,,,,,, "In the year 1834, the first Indian Law Commission was constituted under the Chairman-",,,,,,,,,, "ship of Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay to examine the jurisdiction, power and rules of theexisting Courts as well as the police establishments and the laws in force in India.",,,,,,,,,, 2. The Commission suggested various enactments to the Government. One of the,,,,,,,,,, "important recommendations made by the Commission was on, Indian Penal Code which wasenacted in 1860 and the said Code is still continuing in the country with some amendmentsmade thereto from time to time.",,,,,,,,,, 3. The Government of India considered it expedient and necessary to review the,,,,,,,,,, "existing criminal laws with an aim to strengthen law and order and also focus on simplifyinglegal procedure so that ease of living is ensured to the common man. The Government alsoconsidered to make existing laws relevant to the contemporary situation and provide speedyjustice to common man. Accordingly, various stakeholders were consulted keeping in mindcontemporary needs and aspirations of the people and with a view to create a legal structurewhich is citizen centric and to secure life and liberty of the citizens.",,,,,,,,,, "4. Now, it is proposed to enact a new law, namely, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill,",,,,,,,,,, "2023 by repealing the Indian Penal Code to streamline provisions relating to offences andpenalties. It is proposed to provide first time community service as one of the punishmentsfor petty offences. The offences against women and children, murder and offences againstthe State have been given precedence. The various offences have been made gender neutral.In order to deal effectively with the problem of organised crimes and terrorist activities, newoffences of terrorist acts and organised crime have been added in the Bill with deterrentpunishments. A new offence on acts of secession, armed rebellion, subversive activities,separatist activities or endangering sovereignty or unity and integrity of India has also beenadded. The fines and punishment for various offences have also been suitably enhanced.",,,,,,,,,, 5. The Notes on Clauses explains the various provisions of the Bill.6. The Bill seeks to achieve the above objectives.,,,,,,,,,, N,,,,,,,,,, EW DELHI; AMIT SHAH.,,,,,,,,,, "The 9th August , 2023.",,,,,,,,,, 103NOTES ON CLAUSES,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 1 of the Bill seeks to provide short title, commencement and application of the",,,,,,,,,, proposed legislation.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 2 of the Bill seeks to define certain words and expressions used in the proposed,,,,,,,,,, "legislation such as act, omission, counterfeit, dishonestly, gender, good faith, offence,",,,,,,,,,, "voluntarily, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 3 of the Bill seeks to provide general explanations and expressions enumerated,,,,,,,,,, "in the proposed legislation subject to the exceptions contained in the ""General Exceptions"",",,,,,,,,,, Chapter.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 4 of the Bill seeks to provide punishments for various offences provided under,,,,,,,,,, the provisions of the proposed Bill.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 5 of the Bill seeks to empower the appropriate Government to commute the,,,,,,,,,, sentence of death or imprisonment for life.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 6 of the Bill seeks to provide fractions of terms of punishment of imprisonment,,,,,,,,,, for life as equivalent to twenty years unless otherwise provided.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 7 of the Bill seeks to provide for sentence which may be either wholly or partly,,,,,,,,,, rigorous or simple.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 8 of the Bill seeks to provide for amount of fine in default of payment of fine and,,,,,,,,,, imprisonment in default of payment of fine.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 9 of the Bill seeks to provide for the limit of punishment for several offences.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 10 of the Bill seeks to provide for lowest punishment provided for an offence,,,,,,,,,, where it is doubtful among the commission of several offences.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 11 of the Bill seeks to provide the power to court for solitary confinement.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 12 of the Bill seeks to provide for limit of solitary confinement in certain cases.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 13 of the Bill seeks to provide for enhanced punishment for certain offences,,,,,,,,,, after previous conviction.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 14 of the Bill seeks to exempt a person who acts by mistake of fact and not by,,,,,,,,,, mistake of law in good faith believing himself to be bound by law to do it.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 15 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by a,,,,,,,,,, "Judge when acting judicially in the exercise of any power which is, or which in good faith hebelieves to be, given to him by law.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 16 of the Bill seeks to exempt a person from an offence when acting under a,,,,,,,,,, "judgment or order notwithstanding that the Court had no jurisdiction to pass such judgmentor order, provided the person doing the act in good faith believes that the Court had such",,,,,,,,,, jurisdiction.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 17 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by any,,,,,,,,,, "person who is justified by law, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a",,,,,,,,,, "mistake of law in good faith, believes himself to be justified by law, in doing it.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 18 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by,,,,,,,,,, "accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a",,,,,,,,,, lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution.,,,,,,,,,, 104105,,,,,,,,,, Clause 19 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence merely by reason of its,,,,,,,,,, "being done with the knowledge that it is likely to cause harm, if it be done without anycriminal intention to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventing or avoidingother harm to person or property.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 20 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by a,,,,,,,,,, child under seven years of age.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 21 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by a,,,,,,,,,, "child above seven years of age and under twelve, who has not attained sufficient maturity ofunderstanding to judge of the nature and consequences of his conduct on that occasion.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 22 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by a,,,,,,,,,, "person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of mental illness, is incapable of knowing thenature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 23 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done by a,,,,,,,,,, person under intoxication unless that the thing which intoxicated him was administered tohim without his knowledge or against his will.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 24 of the Bill seeks to provide that in cases where an act done is not an offence,,,,,,,,,, "unless done with a particular knowledge or intent, a person who does the act in a state ofintoxication shall be liable to be dealt with as if he had the same knowledge as he would havehad if he had not been intoxicated, unless the thing which intoxicated him was administeredto him without his knowledge or against his will.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 25 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is not intendent,,,,,,,,,, "to cause death, or grievous hurt when the harm done with consent of a person aboveeighteen years of age whether express or implied, to suffer that harm; or by reason of anyharm which it may be known by the doer to be likely to cause to any such person who hasconsented to take the risk of that harm.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 26 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence when the act not,,,,,,,,,, intended to cause death done by consent in good faith and for persons' benefit.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 27 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence when an act is done,,,,,,,,,, "in good faith for benefit of child or person with mental illness, by or by consent of guardian.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 28 of the Bill seeks to provide that the consent is not a consent as intended by,,,,,,,,,, the proposed legislation when it is given under fear or misconception or by a person undertwelve years of age.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 29 of the Bill seeks to provide that exceptions in sections 21, 22 and 23 do not",,,,,,,,,, "extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which they may cause, or beintended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or onwhose behalf the consent is given.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 30 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence when act done in,,,,,,,,,, "good faith for benefit of a person without consent if the circumstances are such that it isimpossible for that person to signify consent, or if that person is incapable of giving consent,and has no guardian or other person in lawful charge of him from whom it is possible toobtain consent in time for the thing to be done with benefit.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 31 of the Bill seeks to provide that no communication made in good faith is an,,,,,,,,,, "offence by reason of any harm to the person to whom it is made, if it is made for the benefitof that person.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 32 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence done by a person,,,,,,,,,, "except murder, and offences against the State punishable with death, which is done by aperson who is compelled to do it by threats, which, at the time of doing it, reasonably causethe apprehension that instant death to that person will otherwise be the consequence.106",,,,,,,,,, Clause 33 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence by reason that it,,,,,,,,,, "causes, or that it is intended to cause, or that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm, if thatharm is so slight that no person of ordinary sense and temper would complain of such harm.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 34 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence which is done in the,,,,,,,,,, exercise of the right of private defence.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 35 of the Bill seeks to provide that every person has a right of private defence,,,,,,,,,, of the body and of property subject to the restrictions contained in the Bill.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 36 of the Bill seeks to provide that nothing is an offence, when an act is done",,,,,,,,,, "in exercise of right of private defence, due to want of maturity of understanding, the mentalillness or the intoxication of the person doing that act, or by reason of any misconception onthe part of that person, however, every person has the same right of private defence againstthat act which he would have if the act were that offence.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 37 of the Bill seeks to provide certain acts against which the right of private,,,,,,,,,, defence does not extend.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 38 of the Bill seeks to provide for certain circumstances where the right of,,,,,,,,,, private defence of the body extends to causing death.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 39 of the Bill seeks to provides for certain circumstances when the right of,,,,,,,,,, taking private defence extends to causing harm other than death.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 40 of the Bill seeks to provide that the right to private defence of the body,,,,,,,,,, starts as soon as reasonable apprehension of danger to the body arises and continues aslong as such apprehension continues.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 41 of the Bill seeks to provides for certain circumstances when the right of,,,,,,,,,, private defence of property extends to causing death.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 42 of the Bill seeks to provide the circumstances when the right of private,,,,,,,,,, defence of property extends to causing any harm other than death.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 43 of the Bill seeks to provide that the right of private defence of property,,,,,,,,,, starts as soon as reasonable apprehension of danger to the property commences andcontinues as long as such apprehension continues.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 44 of the Bill seeks to provide that if in the exercise of the right of private,,,,,,,,,, "defence against an assault which reasonably causes the apprehension of death and thedefender is so situated that he cannot effectually exercise that right without risk of harm to aninnocent person, his right of private defence extends to the running of that risk.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 45 of the Bill seeks to provide the meaning of abetment to mean that instigation,,,,,,,,,, "by any person to do a thing, or engages with one or more other person or persons in anyconspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuanceof that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing, intentionally aids, by any act orillegal omission, the doing of that thing.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 46 of the Bill seeks to provide that a person abets an offence, who abets either",,,,,,,,,, "the commission of an offence, or the commission of an act which would be an offence, ifcommitted by a person capable by law of committing an offence with the same intention orknowledge as that of the abettor.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 47 of the Bill seeks to provide that a person abets an offence within the,,,,,,,,,, "meaning of this Sanhita who, in India, abets the commission of any act without and beyondIndia which would constitute an offence if committed in India.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 48 of the Bill seeks to provide that a person abets an offence within the,,,,,,,,,, "meaning of this Sanhita who, without and beyond India, abets the commission of any act inIndia which would constitute an offence if committed in India.107",,,,,,,,,, Clause 49 of the Bill seeks to provide for the punishment of abetment if the act abetted,,,,,,,,,, is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 50 of the Bill seeks to provide that punishment of abetment if person abetted,,,,,,,,,, does act with different intention from that of abettor.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 51 of the Bill seeks to provide that when an Act is abetted and a different act,,,,,,,,,, "is done, the abettor is liable for the act done, in the same manner and to the same extent as ifhe had directly abetted it, provided that the act done was a probable consequence of theabetment, and was committed under the influence of the instigation, or with the aid or inpursuance of the conspiracy which constituted the abetment.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 52 of the Bill seeks to provide that if the act for which the abettor is liable under,,,,,,,,,, "section 51 is committed in addition to the act abetted, and constitute a distinct offence, theabettor is liable to punishment for each of the offences.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 53 of the Bill seeks to provide that liability of abettor for an effect caused by,,,,,,,,,, the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 54 of the Bill seeks to provide that whenever any person, who is absent would",,,,,,,,,, "be liable to be punished as an abettor, is present when the act or offence for which he wouldbe punishable in consequence of the abetment is committed, he shall be deemed to havecommitted such act or offence.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 55 of the Bill seeks to provide that when no express provision is made under,,,,,,,,,, "this Sanhita for the punishment of abetment relating to an offence punishable with death orimprisonment for life, the person shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend toseven years, and also liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 56 of the Bill seeks to provide that if the offence abetment is not committed,,,,,,,,,, "and no express provision is made for punishment, is shall be punished for imprisonmentprovided for that purpose for a term which may extend so one fourth part of the longest termprovided that for that offence or with fine provided for that offence.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 57 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever abets the commission of an,,,,,,,,,, "offence by the public generally or by any number or class of persons exceeding ten, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven yearsand with fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 58 of the Bill seeks to provide that concealing design to commit offence,,,,,,,,,, punishable with death or imprisonment for life.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 59 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment to the public servant for,,,,,,,,,, concealing design of offence and thereby intending to facilitate such offence which it is hisduty as such public servant to prevent the said offence.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 60 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment where a person intending to,,,,,,,,,, "facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby facilitate the commission of an offencepunishable with imprisonment, voluntarily conceals, by any act or illegal omission, theexistence of a design to commit such offence, or makes any representation which he knowsto be false respecting such design.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 61 of the Bill seeks to provide that when two or more persons agree to do, or",,,,,,,,,, "cause to be done an illegal act, or an act which is not illegal by illegal means, such anagreement is designated a criminal conspiracy.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 62 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for attempting to commit,,,,,,,,,, "offences, which is punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment, for a termwhich may extend to one-half of the imprisonment for life or, as the case may be, one half ofthe longest term of imprisonment provided for that offence, or with such fine as is providedfor the offence, or with both.108",,,,,,,,,, Clause 63 of the Bill seeks to provide for definition of rape and various circumstances,,,,,,,,,, under which the offence shall be treated as rape.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 64 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for rape when committed by,,,,,,,,,, "persons such as police officer, public servant, being a member of armed forces, staff of jail",,,,,,,,,, "etc., which may extend to for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which mayextend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of thatperson's natural life, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 65 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for rape in certain cases such as,,,,,,,,,, woman under sixteen years of age.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 66 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for rape, if in the course of",,,,,,,,,, "commission of rape inflicts an injury which causes the death of the woman or causes thewoman to be in a persistent vegetative state, with rigorous imprisonment for a term whichshall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, whichshall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, or with death.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 67 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment of a person to two years which,,,,,,,,,, may extend to seven years and also liable for fine if such person commits sexual intercourse,,,,,,,,,, "with his own wife during separation whether under a decree of separation or otherwise,without her consent.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 68 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment of rape, when committed by a",,,,,,,,,, "person who is in a position of authority such as public servant, superintendent or managerof jail, staff under the management of hospital etc., for term which shall not less than five",,,,,,,,,, years but may extend to ten years and also with fine.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 69 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, by deceitful means or making by",,,,,,,,,, "promise to marry to a woman without any intention of fulfilling the same, and has sexualintercourse with her, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, shall bepunished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten yearsand shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 70 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for gang rape, by one or more",,,,,,,,,, "persons, to rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, butwhich may extend to life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person'snatural life, and with fine and also provide for punishment for imprisonment for life or withdeath when a gang rape is committed with a woman under eighteen years of age.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 71 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for a repeat offender, previously",,,,,,,,,, convicted of an offence punishable under section 63 or section 64 or section 65 or section 66,,,,,,,,,, "or section 67 and is subsequently convicted for said sections, with imprisonment for lifewhich shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, or with death.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 72 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment to offender who prints or,,,,,,,,,, "publishes, the name or any matter which may make known the identity of any person againstwhom an offence under section 63 or section 64 or section 65 or section 66 or section 67 or",,,,,,,,,, section 68 is alleged or found to have been committed (hereafter in this section referred to as,,,,,,,,,, "the victim), with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two yearsand shall also be liable to fine subject to certain conditions.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 73 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for assaults or uses criminal,,,,,,,,,, "force, to any woman, intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will there byoutrage her modesty, with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be",,,,,,,,,, "less than one year but which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 74 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for sexual harassment, such as",,,,,,,,,, physical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures; or ademand or request for sexual favours; or showing pornography against the will of a woman;109,,,,,,,,,, "with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with",,,,,,,,,, "both and for making sexually coloured remarks, with imprisonment of either description fora term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 75 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever assaults or uses criminal force to,,,,,,,,,, "any woman or abets such act with the intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be lessthan three years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 76 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for voyeurism, such as watching",,,,,,,,,, "or capturing the image of a woman engaging in a private act in circumstances where shewould usually have the expectation of not being observed either by the perpetrator or by anyother person, at the behest of the perpetrator or disseminates such image and punishmentthereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 77 of the Bill seeks to provide for stalking such as follows a woman and,,,,,,,,,, "contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despitea clear indication of disinterest by such woman; etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 78 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for intending to insult the,,,,,,,,,, "modesty of any woman, utters any words, makes any sound or gesture, or exhibits anyobject in any form, intending that such word or sound shall be heard, or that such gesture orobject shall be seen, by such woman, or intrudes upon the privacy of such woman, withsimple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and also with fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 79 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for dowry death, which shall be with",,,,,,,,,, imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend toimprisonment for life.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 80 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for cohabitation or sexual intercourse,,,,,,,,,, "by a man deceitfully inducing a woman to belief of lawful marriage, with imprisonment ofeither description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 81 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, having a husband or wife living,",,,,,,,,,, "marries in any case in which such marriage is void by reason of its taking place during the lifeof such husband or wife, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 82 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, dishonestly or with a fraudulent",,,,,,,,,, "intention, goes through the ceremony of being married, knowing that he is not therebylawfully married, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 83 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever takes or entices away any woman,,,,,,,,,, "who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of any other man, withintent that she may have illicit intercourse with any person, or conceals or detains with thatintent any such woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 84 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, being the husband or the relative",,,,,,,,,, "of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished withimprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 85 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for kidnapping abducting or,,,,,,,,,, "inducing woman to compel her marriage against her will for illicit intercourse, with animprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 86 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for causing voluntary miscarriage,,,,,,,,,, "if not caused for good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman, with imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if the woman bequick with child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term whichmay extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.110",,,,,,,,,, Clause 87 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for miscarriage without consent of,,,,,,,,,, "woman, for a term which may extend to ten years and also for fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 88 of the Bill seeks to provide that punishment whoever, with intent to cause",,,,,,,,,, "the miscarriage of a woman with child, does any act which causes the death of such woman,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to tenyears, and shall also be liable to fine; and when done without the consent of woman withimprisonment for life or which may extend to ten years or with fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 89 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever before the birth of any child does,,,,,,,,,, "any act with the intention of thereby preventing that child from being born alive or causingit to die after its birth, and does by such act prevent that child from being born alive, orcauses it to die after its birth, shall, if such act be not caused in good faith for the purpose ofsaving the life of the mother, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termwhich may extend to ten years, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 90 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever does any act under such,,,,,,,,,, "circumstances, that if he thereby caused death he would be guilty of culpable homicide, anddoes by such act cause the death of a quick unborn child, shall be punished with imprisonmentof either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 91 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever being the father or mother of a,,,,,,,,,, "child under the age of twelve years, or having the care of such child, shall expose or leavesuch child in any place with the intention of wholly abandoning such child, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or withfine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 92 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, by secretly burying or otherwise",,,,,,,,,, "disposing of the dead body of a child whether such child die before or after or during itsbirth, intentionally conceals or endeavours to conceal the birth of such child, shall be punishedwith imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or withfine, or with both",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 93 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever hires, employs or engages any",,,,,,,,,, person below the age of eighteen years to commit an offence shall be punished withimprisonment of either description or fine provided for that offence as if the offence has beencommitted by such person himself.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 94 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, by any means whatsoever,",,,,,,,,,, "induces any child below the age of eighteen years to go from any place or to do any act withintent that such child below the age of eighteen years may be, or knowing that it is likely thatsuch child will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person shall bepunishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 95 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever kidnaps or abducts any child,,,,,,,,,, "under the age of ten years with the intention of taking dishonestly any movable propertyfrom the person of such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description fora term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 96 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever sells, lets to hire, or otherwise",,,,,,,,,, "disposes of child below eighteen years of age with intent that such child shall at any age beemployed or used for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or forany unlawful and immoral purpose, or knowing it to be likely that such person will at any agebe employed or used for any such purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 97 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever buys, hires or otherwise obtains",,,,,,,,,, "possession of any child below the age of eighteen years with intent that such person shallat any age be employed or used for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with anyperson or for any unlawful and immoral purpose, or knowing it to be likely that such child will111",,,,,,,,,, "at any age be employed or used for any such purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment",,,,,,,,,, "of either description for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which mayextend to fourteen years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 98 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever causes death by doing an act with,,,,,,,,,, "the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likelyto cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commitsthe offence of culpable homicide.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 99 of the Bill seeks to provide various circumstances under which the culpable,,,,,,,,,, homicide is murder.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 100 of the Bill seeks to define culpable homicide by causing death of person,,,,,,,,,, other than person whose death was intended.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 101 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for murder which shall be death or,,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life, and also fine. Sub-Clause ( 2) further provides that when a murder is",,,,,,,,,, "committed by a group of five or more persons acting in concert on the ground of race, casteor community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any other ground each memberof such group shall be punished with death or with imprisonment for life or imprisonment fora term which shall not be less than seven years and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 102 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever, being under sentence of",,,,,,,,,, "imprisonment for life, commits murder, shall be punished with death or with imprisonment forlife, which shall mean the remainder of that person's natural life.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 103 of the Bill seeks to provide the punishment for culpable homicide not,,,,,,,,,, amounting to murder.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 104 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever causes the death of any person by,,,,,,,,,, "doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and shall alsobe liable to fine. It further provides that whoever causes death of any person by doing anyrash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide and escapes from the scene ofincident or fails to report the incident to a Police officer or Magistrate soon after the incident,shall be punished with imprisonment of either description of a term which may extend to tenyears and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 105 of the Bill seeks to provide that if any person under eighteen years of age,",,,,,,,,,, "with mental illness, any delirious person or any person in a state of intoxication, commitssuicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with death orimprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also beliable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 106 of the Bill seeks to provide that if any person commits suicide, whoever",,,,,,,,,, "abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of eitherdescription for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 107 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for attempt to murder and if by that,,,,,,,,,, "death is caused, he would be guilty of murder and shall be punished with imprisonmentwhich may extend to ten years and also for fine and further provides that if hurt is caused bysuch act the punishment shall be imprisonment for life, or with fine, or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 108 of the Bill seeks to define attempt to commit culpable homicide not,,,,,,,,,, "amounting to murder and provides for punishment which may extend to three years, or withfine, or with both; and, if hurt is caused to any person by such act, shall be punished withimprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine,or with both.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 109 of the Bill seeks to define organised crime to mean that continuing unlawful,,,,,,,,,, "activity including kidnapping, robbery, vehicle theft, extortion, land grabbing, contract killing,112",,,,,,,,,, "economic offences, cyber-crimes having severe consequences, trafficking in people, drugs",,,,,,,,,, "etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 110 of the Bill seeks to define petty organised crime as any crime that causes,,,,,,,,,, "general feelings of insecurity among citizens relating to theft of vehicle or theft from vehicle,domestic and business theft, trick theft, cargo crime, theft (attempt to theft, theft of personalproperty),etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 111 of the Bill seeks to provide that a terrorist act shall mean using bombs,",,,,,,,,,, "dynamite or other explosive substance to cause damage or loss due to damage or destructionof property or to cause extensive interference with, damage or destruction to criticalinfrastructure, etc., with the intention to threaten the unity, integrity and security of India, tointimidate the general public or a segment thereof, or to disturb public order.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 112 of the Bill seeks to provide whoever causes bodily pain, disease or",,,,,,,,,, infirmity to any person is said to cause hurt.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 113 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing hurt and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 114 of the Bill seeks to provide that hurt namely, emasculation, permanent",,,,,,,,,, "privation of the sight of either eye, permanent privation of the hearing of either ear privationof any member or joint, destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member orjoint, permanent disfiguration of the head or face, fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth,and any hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to be during the space offifteen days in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits are grievous hurt.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 115 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing grievous hurt and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 116 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by,,,,,,,,,, dangerous weapons or means and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 117 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to,,,,,,,,,, "extort property, or to constrain to an illegal to an act and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 118 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to,,,,,,,,,, "extort confession, or to compel restoration of property and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 119 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to,,,,,,,,,, deter public servant from his duty and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 120 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on,,,,,,,,,, provocation and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 121 of the Bill seeks to define causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with",,,,,,,,,, intent to commit an offence and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 122 of the Bill seeks to define voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid,",,,,,,,,,, "etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 123 of the Bill seeks to define act endangering life or personal safety of others,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 124 of the Bill seeks to define wrongful restraint and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 125 of the Bill seeks to define wrongful confinement and punishment thereof,,,,,,,,,, .Clause 126 of the Bill seeks to define force.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 127 of the Bill seeks to define criminal force.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 128 of the Bill seeks to define assault.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 129 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for assault or criminal force,,,,,,,,,, otherwise than on grave provocation.113,,,,,,,,,, Clause 130 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for assault or criminal force to,,,,,,,,,, deter public servant from discharge of his duty.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 131 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for assault or criminal force with,,,,,,,,,, "intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 132 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment assault or criminal force in attempt,,,,,,,,,, to commit theft of property carried by a person.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 133 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment assault or criminal force in attempt,,,,,,,,,, wrongfully to confine a person.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 134 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment assault or criminal force on grave,,,,,,,,,, provocation.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 135 of the Bill seeks to define kidnapping and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 136 of the Bill seeks to provide that whoever by force compels, or by any",,,,,,,,,, "deceitful means induces, any person to go from any place, is said to abduct that person.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 137 of the Bill seeks to define kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of,,,,,,,,,, begging and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 138 of the Bill seeks to provide for kidnapping or abducting in order to murder,,,,,,,,,, "or for ransom, etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 139 of the Bill seeks to provide for importation of girl or boy from foreign,,,,,,,,,, country and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 140 of the Bill seeks to provide for wrongfully concealing or keeping in,,,,,,,,,, "confinement, kidnapped or abducted person punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 141 of the Bill seeks to provide for trafficking of person and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 142 of the Bill seeks to provide for exploitation of a trafficked person and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 143 of the Bill seeks to provide for habitual dealing in slaves and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 144 of the Bill seeks to provide for unlawful compulsory labour and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, " Clause 145 of the Bill seeks to provide for waging, or attempting to wage war, or",,,,,,,,,, "abetting waging of war, against the Government of India and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 146 of the Bill seeks to provide for conspiracy to commit offences punishable,,,,,,,,,, by section 145 and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 147 of the Bill seeks to provide for collecting arms, etc., with intention of",,,,,,,,,, waging war against the Government of India and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 148 of the Bill seeks to provide for concealing with intent to facilitate design,,,,,,,,,, to wage war and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 149 of the Bill seeks to provide for assaulting President, Governor, etc., with",,,,,,,,,, intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 150 of the Bill seeks to provide for acts endangering sovereignty unity and,,,,,,,,,, integrity of India and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 151 of the Bill seeks to provide for waging war against Government of any,,,,,,,,,, foreign State at peace with the Government of India and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 152 of the Bill seeks to provide for committing depredation on territories of,,,,,,,,,, foreign State at peace with the Government of India and punishment thereof.114,,,,,,,,,, Clause 153 of the Bill seeks to provide for receiving property taken by war or,,,,,,,,,, depredation mentioned in sections 151 and 152 and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 154 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant voluntarily allowing,,,,,,,,,, prisoner of state or war to escape and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 155 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant negligently suffering such,,,,,,,,,, prisoner to escape and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 156 of the Bill seeks to provide for aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring",,,,,,,,,, such prisoner and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 157 of the Bill seeks to provide for abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce",,,,,,,,,, "a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 158 of the Bill seeks to provide for abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed",,,,,,,,,, in consequence thereof and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 159 of the Bill seeks to provide for abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or",,,,,,,,,, "airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 160 of the Bill seeks to provide for abetment of such assault, if the assault",,,,,,,,,, committed and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 161 of the Bill seeks to provide for abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or",,,,,,,,,, airman and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 162 of the Bill seeks to provide for harbouring deserter and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 163 of the Bill seeks to provide for deserter concealed on board merchant,,,,,,,,,, vessel through negligence of master and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 164 of the Bill seeks to provide for abetment of act of insubordination by,,,,,,,,,, "soldier, sailor or airman and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 165 of the Bill seeks to provide that no person subject to the Army Act, 1950,",,,,,,,,,, "the Indian Navy (Discipline) Act, 1934, the Air Force Act, 1950, shall be subject to punishmentunder the Bill for any of the offences defined under Chapter VIII.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 166 of the Bill seeks to provide for wearing garb or carrying token used by,,,,,,,,,, "soldier, sailor or airman and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 167 of the Bill seeks to define ""candidate"" and ""electoral right"".",,,,,,,,,, Clause 168 of the Bill seeks to provide for bribery.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 169 of the Bill seeks to provide for undue influence at elections.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 170 of the Bill seeks to provide for personation at elections.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 171 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for bribery.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 172 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for undue influence or personation,,,,,,,,,, at an election.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 173 of the Bill seeks to provide for false statement in connection with an,,,,,,,,,, election and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 174 of the Bill seeks to provide for illegal payments in connection with an,,,,,,,,,, election and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 175 of the Bill seeks to provide for failure to keep election account and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 176 of the Bill seeks to provide for counterfeiting coin, government stamps,",,,,,,,,,, currency-notes or bank-notes and punishment thereof.115,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 177 of the Bill seeks to provide for using as genuine, forged or counterfeit",,,,,,,,,, "coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 178 of the Bill seeks to provide for possession of forged or counterfeit coin,",,,,,,,,,, "Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 179 of the Bill seeks to provide for making or possessing instruments,,,,,,,,,, "or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes orbank-notes and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 180 of the Bill seeks to provide for making or using documents resembling,,,,,,,,,, currency-notes or bank-notes and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 181 of the Bill seeks to provide for effacing writing from substance bearing,,,,,,,,,, "Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause lossto Government and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 182 of the Bill seeks to provide for using Government stamp known to have,,,,,,,,,, been before used and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 183 of the Bill seeks to provide for erasure of mark denoting that stamp has,,,,,,,,,, been used and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 184 of the Bill seeks to provide for prohibition of fictitious stamps and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 185 of the Bill seeks to provide for person employed in mint causing coin to be,,,,,,,,,, of different weight or composition from that fixed by law and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 186 of the Bill seeks to provide for unlawfully taking coining instrument from,,,,,,,,,, mint and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 187 of the Bill seeks to provide for unlawful assembly and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 188 of the Bill seeks to provide for every member of unlawful assembly guilty,,,,,,,,,, of offence committed in prosecution of common object.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 189 of the Bill seeks to provide for rioting and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 190 of the Bill seeks to provide for want only giving provocation with intent,,,,,,,,,, to cause riot- if rioting be committed; if not committed and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 191 of the Bill seeks to provide for liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on",,,,,,,,,, which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 192 of the Bill seeks to provide for affray and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 193 of the Bill seeks to provide for assaulting or obstructing public servant,,,,,,,,,, "when suppressing riot, etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 194 of the Bill seeks to provide for promoting enmity between different groups,,,,,,,,,, "on ground of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicialto maintenance of harmony and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 195 of the Bill seeks to provide for imputations, assertions prejudicial to",,,,,,,,,, national integration and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 196 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant disobeying law, with intent",,,,,,,,,, to cause injury to any person and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 197 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant disobeying direction under,,,,,,,,,, law and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 198 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for non-treatment of victim and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.116,,,,,,,,,, Clause 199 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant framing an incorrect document,,,,,,,,,, with intent to cause injury and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 200 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant unlawfully engaging in trade,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 201 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant unlawfully buying or bidding,,,,,,,,,, for property and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 202 of the Bill seeks to provide for personating a public servant and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 203 of the Bill seeks to provide for wearing garb or carrying token used by,,,,,,,,,, public servant with fraudulent intent and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 204 of the Bill seeks to provide for absconding to avoid service of summons or,,,,,,,,,, other proceeding and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 205 of the Bill seeks to provide for preventing service of summons or other,,,,,,,,,, "proceeding, or preventing publication thereof and punishment thereof",,,,,,,,,, Clause 206 of the Bill seeks to provide for non-attendance in obedience to an order,,,,,,,,,, from public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 207 of the Bill seeks to provide for non-appearance in response to a proclamation,,,,,,,,,, "under section 84 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 208 of the Bill seeks to provide for omission to produce document to public,,,,,,,,,, servant by person legally bound to produce it and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 209 of the Bill seeks to provide for omission to give notice or information to,,,,,,,,,, public servant by person legally bound to give it and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 210 of the Bill seeks to provide for furnishing false information and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 211 of the Bill seeks to provide for refusing oath or affirmation when duly,,,,,,,,,, required by public servant to make it and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 212 of the Bill seeks to provide for refusing to answer public servant authorised,,,,,,,,,, to question and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 213 of the Bill seeks to provide for refusing to sign statement and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 214 of the Bill seeks to provide for false statement on oath or affirmation to,,,,,,,,,, public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation and punishmentthereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 215 of the Bill seeks to provide for false information, with intent to cause public",,,,,,,,,, servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 216 of the Bill seeks to provide for resistance to the taking of property by the,,,,,,,,,, lawful authority of a public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 217 of the Bill seeks to provide for obstructing sale of property offered for sale,,,,,,,,,, by authority of public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 218 of the Bill seeks to provide for illegal purchase or bid for property offered,,,,,,,,,, for sale by authority of public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 219 of the Bill seeks to provide for obstructing public servant in discharge of,,,,,,,,,, public functions and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 220 of the Bill seeks to provide for omission to assist public servant when,,,,,,,,,, bound by law to give assistance and punishment thereof.117,,,,,,,,,, Clause 221 of the Bill seeks to provide for disobedience to order duly promulgated by,,,,,,,,,, public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 222 of the Bill seeks to provide for threat of injury to public servant and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 223 of the Bill seeks to provide for threat of injury to induce person to refrain,,,,,,,,,, from applying for protection to public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 224 of the Bill seeks to provide for attempt to commit suicide to compel or,,,,,,,,,, restraint exercise of lawful power and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 225 of the Bill seeks to provide for giving false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 226 of the Bill seeks to provide for fabricating false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 227 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for false evidence.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 228 of the Bill seeks to provide for giving or fabricating false evidence with,,,,,,,,,, intent to procure conviction of capital offence and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 229 of the Bill seeks to provide for giving or fabricating false evidence with,,,,,,,,,, intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonmentand punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 230 of the Bill seeks to provide for threatening any person to give false evidence,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 231 of the Bill seeks to provide for using evidence known to be false and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 232 of the Bill seeks to provide for issuing or signing false certificate and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 233 of the Bill seeks to provide for using as true a certificate known to be false,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 234 of the Bill seeks to provide for false statement made in declaration which is,,,,,,,,,, by law receivable as evidence and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 235 of the Bill seeks to provide for using as true such declaration knowing it to,,,,,,,,,, be false and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 236 of the Bill seeks to provide for causing disappearance of evidence of,,,,,,,,,, "offence, or giving false information to screen offender and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 237 of the Bill seeks to provide for intentional omission to give information of,,,,,,,,,, offence by person bound to inform and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 238 of the Bill seeks to provide for giving false information respecting an,,,,,,,,,, offence committed and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 239 of the Bill seeks to provide for destruction of document to prevent its,,,,,,,,,, production as evidence and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 240 of the Bill seeks to provide for false personation for purpose of act or,,,,,,,,,, proceeding in suit or prosecution and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 241 of the Bill seeks to provide for fraudulent removal or concealment of,,,,,,,,,, property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 242 of the Bill seeks to provide for fraudulent claim to property to prevent its,,,,,,,,,, seizure as forfeited or in execution and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 243 of the Bill seeks to provide for fraudulently suffering decree for sum not,,,,,,,,,, due and punishment thereof.118,,,,,,,,,, Clause 244 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonestly making false claim in Court and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 245 of the Bill seeks to provide for fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not,,,,,,,,,, due and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 246 of the Bill seeks to provide for false charge of offence made with intent to,,,,,,,,,, injure and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 247 of the Bill seeks to provide for harbouring offender and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 248 of the Bill seeks to provide for taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from",,,,,,,,,, punishment and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 249 of the Bill seeks to provide for offering gift or restoration of property in,,,,,,,,,, consideration of screening offender and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 250 of the Bill seeks to provide for taking gift to help to recover stolen property,",,,,,,,,,, "etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 251 of the Bill seeks to provide for harbouring offender who has escaped from,,,,,,,,,, custody or whose apprehension has been ordered and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 252 of the Bill seeks to provide for penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 253 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant disobeying direction of law,,,,,,,,,, with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture and punishmentthereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 254 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant framing incorrect record or,,,,,,,,,, writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture and punishmentthereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 255 of the Bill seeks to provide for public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly,,,,,,,,,, "making report, etc., contrary to law and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 256 of the Bill seeks to provide for commitment for trial or confinement by,,,,,,,,,, person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 257 of the Bill seeks to provide for intentional omission to apprehend on the,,,,,,,,,, part of public servant bound to apprehend and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 258 of the Bill seeks to provide for intentional omission to apprehend on the,,,,,,,,,, part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed andpunishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 259 of the Bill seeks to provide for escape from confinement or custody,,,,,,,,,, negligently suffered by public servant and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 260 of the Bill seeks to provide for resistance or obstruction by a person to his,,,,,,,,,, lawful apprehension and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 261 of the Bill seeks to provide for resistance or obstruction to lawful,,,,,,,,,, apprehension of another person and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 262 of the Bill seeks to provide for omission to apprehend, or sufferance of",,,,,,,,,, "escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for and punishmentthereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 263 of the Bill seeks to provide for resistance or obstruction to lawful,,,,,,,,,, apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for and punishmentthereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 264 of the Bill seeks to provide for violation of condition of remission of,,,,,,,,,, punishment and punishment thereof.119,,,,,,,,,, Clause 265 of the Bill seeks to provide for intentional insult or interruption to public,,,,,,,,,, servant sitting in judicial proceeding and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 266 of the Bill seeks to provide for personation of an assessor and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 267 of the Bill seeks to provide for failure by person released on bail or bond to,,,,,,,,,, appear in court and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 268 of the Bill seeks to provide for public nuisance.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 269 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent act likely to spread infection of,,,,,,,,,, disease dangerous to life and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 270 of the Bill seeks to provide for malignant act likely to spread infection of,,,,,,,,,, disease dangerous to life and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 271 of the Bill seeks to provide for disobedience to quarantine rule and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 272 of the Bill seeks to provide for adulteration of food or drink intended for,,,,,,,,,, sale and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 273 of the Bill seeks to provide for sale of noxious food or drink and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 274 of the Bill seeks to provide for adulteration of drugs and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 275 of the Bill seeks to provide for sale of adulterated drugs and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 276 of the Bill seeks to provide for sale of drug as a different drug or preparation,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 277 of the Bill seeks to provide for fouling water of public spring or reservoir,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 278 of the Bill seeks to provide for making atmosphere noxious to health and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 279 of the Bill seeks to provide for rash driving or riding on a public way and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 280 of the Bill seeks to provide for rash navigation of vessel and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 281 of the Bill seeks to provide for exhibition of false light, mark or buoy and",,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 282 of the Bill seeks to provide for conveying person by water for hire in unsafe,,,,,,,,,, or overloaded vessel and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 283 of the Bill seeks to provide for danger or obstruction in public way or line,,,,,,,,,, of navigation and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 284 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent conduct with respect to poisonous,,,,,,,,,, substance and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 285 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent conduct with respect to fire or,,,,,,,,,, combustible matter and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 286 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent conduct with respect to explosive,,,,,,,,,, substance and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 287 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent conduct with respect to machinery,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.120,,,,,,,,,, Clause 288 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent conduct with respect to pulling,,,,,,,,,, "down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 289 of the Bill seeks to provide for negligent conduct with respect to animal,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 290 of the Bill seeks to provide punishment for public nuisance in cases not,,,,,,,,,, otherwise provided for.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 291 of the Bill seeks to provide for continuance of nuisance after injunction to,,,,,,,,,, discontinue and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 292 of the Bill seeks to provide for sale, etc., of obscene books, etc., and",,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 293 of the Bill seeks to provide for sale, etc., of obscene objects to child and",,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 294 of the Bill seeks to provide for obscene acts and songs and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 295 of the Bill seeks to provide for keeping lottery office and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 296 of the Bill seeks to provide for injuring or defiling place of worship, with",,,,,,,,,, intent to insult the religion of any class and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 297 of the Bill seeks to provide for deliberate and malicious acts, intended to",,,,,,,,,, outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs andpunishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 298 of the Bill seeks to provide for disturbing religious assembly and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 299 of the Bill seeks to provide for trespassing on burial places, etc., and",,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 300 of the Bill seeks to provide for uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to",,,,,,,,,, wound religious feelings and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 301 of the Bill seeks to define the offence theft and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 302 of the Bill seeks to define the offence snatching and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 303 of the Bill seeks to provide for theft in a dwelling house, or means of",,,,,,,,,, "transportation or place of worship, etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 304 of the Bill seeks to provide for theft by clerk or servant of property in,,,,,,,,,, possession of master and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 305 of the Bill seeks to provide for theft after preparation made for causing,,,,,,,,,, "death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of theft and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 306 of the Bill seeks to define the offence extortion and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 307 of the Bill seeks to define the offence robbery and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 308 of the Bill seeks to define the offence dacoity and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 309 of the Bill seeks to provide for robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause",,,,,,,,,, death or grievous hurt and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 310 of the Bill seeks to provide for attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when,,,,,,,,,, armed with deadly weapon and punishment thereof.121,,,,,,,,,, Clause 311 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for belonging to gang of,,,,,,,,,, "robbers, dacoits, etc.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 312 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonest misappropriation of property and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 313 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonest misappropriation of property,,,,,,,,,, possessed by deceased person at the time of his death and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 314 of the Bill seeks to provide for criminal breach of trust under various,,,,,,,,,, circumstances and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 315 of the Bill seeks to define stolen property and punishment thereof if,,,,,,,,,, received under various circumstances.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 316 of the Bill seeks to define cheating and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 317 of the Bill seeks to define cheating by personation and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 318 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonest or fraudulent removal or,,,,,,,,,, concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 319 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt,,,,,,,,,, being available for creditors and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 320 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of,,,,,,,,,, transfer containing false statement of consideration and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 321 of the Bill seeks to provide for dishonest or fraudulent removal or,,,,,,,,,, concealment of property and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 322 of the Bill seeks to define mischief and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 323 of the Bill seeks to provide for mischief by killing or maiming animal and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 324 of the Bill seeks to provide for mischief by injury, inundation, fire or",,,,,,,,,, "explosive substance, etc., and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 325 of the Bill seeks to provide for mischief with intent to destroy or make,,,,,,,,,, "unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 326 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for intentionally running vessel,,,,,,,,,, "aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc. and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 327 of the Bill seeks to provide for criminal trespass and house-trespass and,,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 328 of the Bill seeks to provide for house-trespass and house-breaking.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 329 of the Bill seeks to provide for punishment for house-trespass or house,,,,,,,,,, breaking and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 330 of the Bill seeks to provide for house-trespass in order to commit offence,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 331 of the Bill seeks to provide for house-trespass after preparation for hurt,",,,,,,,,,, assault or wrongful restraint and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 332 of the Bill seeks to define dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing,,,,,,,,,, property.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 333 of the Bill seeks to define making a false document.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 334 of the Bill seeks to provide for forgery and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 335 of the Bill seeks to provide for forgery of record of Court or of public,,,,,,,,,, "register, etc. and punishment thereof.122",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 336 of the Bill seeks to provide for forgery of valuable security, will, etc., and",,,,,,,,,, punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 337 of the Bill seeks to provide for having possession of document specified in,,,,,,,,,, "section 335 or 336, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine and punishmentthereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 338 of the Bill seeks to provide for forged document or electronic record and,,,,,,,,,, using it as genuine and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, "Clause 339 of the Bill seeks to provide for making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc.,",,,,,,,,,, with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 336 and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 340 of the Bill seeks to provide for counterfeiting device or mark used for,,,,,,,,,, "authenticating documents described in section 336, or possessing counterfeit marked materialand punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, "Clause 341 of the Bill seeks to provide for fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of",,,,,,,,,, "will, authority to adopt, or valuable security and punishment thereof.",,,,,,,,,, Clause 342 of the Bill seeks to provide for falsification of accounts and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 343 of the Bill seeks to provide for property mark and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 344 of the Bill seeks to provide for tampering with property mark with intent to,,,,,,,,,, cause injury and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 345 of the Bill seeks to provide for counterfeiting a property mark and punishment,,,,,,,,,, thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 346 of the Bill seeks to provide for making or possession of any instrument for,,,,,,,,,, counterfeiting a property mark and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 347 of the Bill seeks to provide for selling goods marked with a counterfeit,,,,,,,,,, property mark and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 348 of the Bill seeks to provide for making a false mark upon any receptacle,,,,,,,,,, containing goods and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 349 of the Bill seeks to provide for criminal intimidation and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 350 of the Bill seeks to provide for intentional insult with intent to provoke,,,,,,,,,, breach of peace and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 351 of the Bill seeks to provide for statements conducing to public mischief,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 352 of the Bill seeks to provide for act caused by inducing person to believe,,,,,,,,,, that he will be rendered an object of the divine displeasure and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 353 of the Bill seeks to provide for misconduct in public by a drunken person,,,,,,,,,, and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 354 of the Bill seeks to define defamation and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 355 of the Bill seeks to provide for breach of contract to attend on and supply,,,,,,,,,, wants of helpless person and punishment thereof.,,,,,,,,,, Clause 356 of the Bill seeks to provide for repeal and savings of the Indian Penal,,,,,,,,,, "Code, 1860.FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM",,,,,,,,,, "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, if enacted, is not likely to involve any expenditure,",,,,,,,,,, "either recurring or non-recurring, from and out of the Consolidated Fund of India.",,,,,,,,,, 123LOK SABHA,,,,,,,,,, ————,,,,,,,,,, A,,,,,,,,,, BILL,,,,,,,,,, to consolidate and amend the provisions relating to offences and for matters connected,,,,,,,,,, therewith or incidental thereto.,,,,,,,,,, ————,,,,,,,,,, "(Shri Amit Shah, Minister of Home Affairs and Cooperation )",,,,,,,,,, MGIPMRND—278LS—10.08.2023.,,,,,,,,,, , ,,,,,,,,, , ,,Section in the Bill,,,"  Title (and Chapter) in the Bill",,Relevant section in IPC (*),, , ,,Chapter I Preliminary,,,,,,, , ,,Section 1,,,"Short title, commencement, application",,S. 1 - S. 5,, , ,,Section 2,,,Definitions,,S. 6 - 52A*,, , ,,Section 3,,,General explanations and expressions,,"S.6, S.7, S.27, S.32, S.34, S.35-S.38*",, , ,," Chapter II Of Punishments",,,,,,, , ,,Section 4,,,Punishments,,S. 53*,, , ,,Section 5,,,Commutation of sentence,,S. 54- S.55A,, , ,,Section 6,,,Fractions and terms of punishment,,S. 57*,, , ,,Section 7,,,Sentence may be wholly or partly rigorous or simple,,S. 60,, , ,,Section 8,,,"Amount of fine, liability in default etc",,S. 63- S.70*,, , ,,Section 9,,,Limit of punishment,,S. 71,, , ,,Section 10,,,Punishment of person guilty of several offences,,S. 72,, , ,,Section 11,,,Solitary confinement,,S. 73,, , ,,Section 12,,,Limit of solitary confinement,,S. 74,, , ,,Section 13,,,Enhanced punishment for certain offences,,S. 75,, , ,, ,,, ,, ,, , ,Chapter III General Exceptions,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 14,,,Act by person bound by mistake of fact believing himself bound by law,,S. 76,,,  , ,Section 15,,,Act of judge acting judicially,,S. 77,,,  , ,Section 16,,,Act pursuant to judgement,,S. 78,,,  , ,Section 17,,,Act under mistake of fact,,S. 79,,,  , ,Section 18,,,Accident in doing a lawful act,,S. 80,,,  , ,Section 19,,,Act without criminal intent and to prevent other harm,,S. 81,,,  , ,Section 20,,,Act of child under seven years of age,,S. 82,,,  , ,Section 21,,,"Act of child above seven and under twelve, of immature understanding",,S. 83,,,  , ,Section 22,,,Act of person with mental illness,,S. 84*,,,  , ,Section 23,,,Act of person incapable of judgement by reason of intoxication ^,,S. 85,,,  , ,Section 24,,,Offence requiring intent or knowledge done by intoxicated person,,S. 86,,,  , ,Section 25,,,Act not intended to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt done by consent,,S. 87,,,  , ,Section 26,,,Act not intended to cause death or grievous hurt done in good faith,,S. 88,,,  , ,Section 27,,,Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person with mental illness,,S. 89*,,,  , ,Section 28,,,Consent under fear or misconception,,S. 90*,,,  , ,Section 29,,,Exclusion of acts which are offences independent of harm caused,,S. 91,,,  , ,Section 30,,,Act done in good faith for benefit of person without consent,,S. 92,,,  , ,Section 31,,,Communication made in good faith,,S. 93,,,  , ,Section 32,,,Act to which a person is compelled by threats,,S. 94,,,  , ,Section 33,,,Act causing slight harm,,S. 95,,,  , ,Of right of private defence,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 34,,,Things done in private defence,,S. 96,,,  , ,Section 35,,,Right of private defence of body and property,,S. 97,,,  , ,Section 36,,,Right of private defence against person with mental illness,,S. 98*,,,  , ,Section 37,,,Act against which there is no private defence,,S. 99,,,  , ,Section 38,,,When right of private defence of the body extends to causing death,,S. 100,,,  , ,Section 39,,,When such right extends to causing any harm other than death,,S. 101,,,  , ,Section 40,,,Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body,,S. 102,,,  , ,Section 41,,,When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death,,S. 103*,,,  , ,Section 42,,,When right extends to causing any harm other than death,,S. 104,,,  , ,Section 43,,,Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property,,S. 105,,,  , ,Section 44,,,Right of private defence against deadly assault,,S. 106,,,  , ,"Chapter IV Of Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy and Attempt Of Abetment",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 45,,,Abetment of a thing,,S. 107,,,  , ,Section 46,,,Abettor,,S. 108*,,,  , ,Section 47,,,Abetment in India of offences outside India,,S. 108A,,,  , ,Section 48,,,Abetment outside India for offence in India,,   *,,,  , ,Section 49,,,Punishment where no express provision is made for punishment,,S. 109,,,  , ,Section 50,,,Punishment if abetted person does act with different intention,,S. 110,,,  , ,Section 51,,,Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done,,S. 111,,,  , ,Section 52,,,Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment,,S. 112,,,  , ,Section 53,,,Liability of abettor when act abettor different from intended,,S. 113,,,  , ,Section 54,,,Abettor present when offence is committed,,S. 114,,,  , ,Section 55,,,Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life,,S. 115,,,  , ,Section 56,,,Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment,,S. 116,,,  , ,Section 57,,,Abetting commission of offence by more than ten persons,,S. 117*,,,  , ,Section 58,,,Concealing design to commit Offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life,,S. 118,,,  , ,Section 59,,,Public servant concealing design,,S. 119,,,  , ,Section 60,,,Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment,,S. 120,,,  , ,Of Criminal Conspiracy,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 61,,,Criminal Conspiracy,,S. 120A- S. 120B,,,  , ,Of Attempt,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 62,,,Attempt,,S. 511,,,  , ,"Chapter V Of Offences against Women and Children Of Sexual Offences",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 63,,,Rape,,S. 375*,,,  , ,Section 64,,,Punishment for rape,,"S. 376(1), (2)*",,,  , ,Section 65,,,Punishment for rape in certain cases,, ,,,  , , ,,,(1)Rape on woman under 16 years of age,,S. 376(3),,,  , , ,,,(2)Rape on woman under 12 years of age,,S.376AB,,,  , ,Section 66,,,Rape causing death or persistent vegetative state,,S. 376A,,,  , ,Section 67,,,Sexual intercourse during separation ^,,S. 376B,,,  , ,Section 68,,,Sexual intercourse by person in authority,,S. 376C,,,  , ,Section 69,,,Sexual intercourse by deceitful means or false promise to marry,,   *,,,  , ,Section 70,,,(1) Gang Rape,,S. 376D,,,  , , ,,,(2) Gang rape on women under the age of 18,,   *,,,  , ,Section 71,,,Repeat offenders,,S. 376E,,,  , ,Section 72,,,Disclosure of identity of victim,,S. 228A*,,,  , ,Of criminal force and assault against women,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 73,,,Assault or criminal force to woman to outrage her modesty,,S. 354,,,  , ,Section 74,,,Sexual harassment,,S. 354A,,,  , ,Section 75,,,Assault or criminal force with intent to disrobe,,S. 354B*,,,  , ,Section 76,,,Voyeurism,,S. 354C*,,,  , ,Section 77,,,Stalking,,S. 354D,,,  , ,Section 78,,,"Word, gesture, act intended to insult modesty of a woman",,S. 509,,,  , ,Of offences relating to marriage,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 79,,,Dowry Death,,S. 304B,,,  , ,Section 80,,,Cohabitation by deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage,,S. 493,,,  , ,Section 81,,,Marrying again during lifetime of husband/wife,,S.494- S. 495,,,  , ,Section 82,,,"Marriage ceremony, fraudulently gone through",,S. 496,,,  , ,Section 83,,,Enticing or detaining married woman,,S. 498*,,,  , ,Section 84,,,Cruelty by husband or relative,,S. 498A,,,  , ,Section 85,,,"Kidnapping, abducting, inducing woman to compel marriage etc.",,S. 366,,,  , ,Of causing miscarriage etc,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 86,,,Causing miscarriage,,S. 312,,,  , ,Section 87,,,Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent,,S. 313,,,  , ,Section 88,,,Death caused by act done to cause miscarriage,,S. 314,,,  , ,Section 89,,,Act to prevent child being born alive or cause death after birth,,S. 315,,,  , ,Section 90,,,Causing death of quick unborn child,,S. 316,,,  , ,Of offences against children,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 91,,,Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve,,S. 317,,,  , ,Section 92,,,Concealment of birth by disposal of dead body,,S. 318,,,  , ,Section 93,,,"Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence",,   *,,,  , ,Section 94,,,Procuration of child,,S. 366A*,,,  , ,Section 95,,,Kidnapping or abducting child under ten to steal from its person,,S. 369,,,  , ,Section 96,,,Selling child for prostitution,,S. 372*,,,  , ,Section 97,,,Buying child for prostitution,,S. 373*,,,  , ,"Chapter VI Of offences Affecting The Human Body Of offences affecting life",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 98,,,Culpable homicide,,S. 299,,,  , ,Section 99,,,Murder,,S. 300,,,  , ,Section 100,,,Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended,,S. 301,,,  , ,Section 101,,,(1) Punishment for murder,,S. 302,,,  , , ,,,(2) Punishment for mob lynching,,–*,,,  , ,Section 102,,,Punishment for murder by life-convict,,S. 303*,,,  , ,Section 103,,,Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder,,S. 304*,,,  , ,Section 104,,,(1) Causing death by negligence,,S. 304A*,,,  , , ,,,(2) Punishment for non reporting of rash or negligent act causing death,,–*,,,  , ,Section 105,,,Abetment of suicide of child or person with mental illness,,305*,,,  , ,Section 106,,,Abetment of suicide,,S. 306,,,  , ,Section 107,,,Attempt to murder,,S. 307*,,,  , ,Section 108,,,Attempt to commit culpable homicide,,S. 308,,,  , ,Section 109,,,Organized crime,,–*,,,  , ,Section 110,,,Petty organized crime or organized in general,,–*,,,  , ,Section 111,,,Offence of terrorist act,,–*,,,  , ,Of hurt,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 112,,,Hurt,,S. 319,,,  , ,Section 113,,,Voluntarily causing hurt,,"S. 321, S. 323*",,,  , ,Section 114,,,Grievous hurt,,S. 320*,,,  , ,Section 115,,,Voluntarily causing grievous hurt,,"S. 322, S. 325",,,  , , ,,,(3) Grievous hurt causing permanent disability or persistent vegetative state,,–*,,,  , , ,,,(4) Hurt caused by a mob,,–*,,,  , ,Section 116,,,Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means,,"S. 324, S. 326*",,,  , ,Section 117,,,"Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal to an act",,"S. 327, S. 329",,,  , ,Section 118,,,"Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property",,S. 330 - S. 331,,,  , ,Section 119,,,Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty,,S. 332 - 333*,,,  , ,Section 120,,,Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation,,S. 334 - S.335*,,,  , ,Section 121,,,"Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence",,S. 328,,,  , ,Section 122,,,"Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.",,S. 326A-S.326B*,,,  , ,Section 123,,,Act endangering life or personal safety of others,,S. 336- S.338*,,,  , ,Section 124,,,Wrongful restraint,,"S. 339, S. 341*",,,  , ,Section 125,,,Wrongful confinement,,"S. 340, S. 342-S.348*",,,  , ,Of Criminal Force and Assault,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 126,,,Force,,S.349,,,  , ,Section 127,,,Criminal force,,S.350,,,  , ,Section 128,,,Assault,,S.351,,,  , ,Section 129,,,Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation,,S.352*,,,  , ,Section 130,,,Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty,,S.353,,,  , ,Section 131,,,"Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonor person, otherwise than on grave provocation",,S.355,,,  , ,Section 132,,,Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person,,S.356,,,  , ,Section 133,,,Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person,,S.357*,,,  , ,Section 134,,,Assault or criminal force on grave provocation,,S.358*,,,  , ,"Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 135,,,Kidnapping,,"S.359-S.361, S.363*",,,  , ,Section 136,,,Abduction,,S. 362,,,  , ,Section 137,,,Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging,,S. 363A*,,,  , ,Section 138,,,Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom etc.,,"S. 364- S.365, S. 367",,,  , ,Section 139,,,Importation of girl or boy from foreign country,,S. 366B*,,,  , ,Section 140,,,"Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person",,S. 368,,,  , ,Section 141,,,Trafficking of person,,S. 370*,,,  , ,Section 142,,,Exploitation of a trafficked person,,S. 370A*,,,  , ,Section 143,,,Habitual dealing in slaves,,S. 371,,,  , ,Section 144,,,Unlawful compulsory labour,,S. 374,,,  , ,"Chapter VII Of Offences against State",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 145,,,Waging war against Government of India,,S. 121,,,  , ,Section 146,,,Conspiracy to commit offences u/s 145,,S. 121A*,,,  , ,Section 147,,,Collecting arms to wage war,,S. 122,,,  , ,Section 148,,,Concealing to facilitate design to wage war,,S. 123,,,  , ,Section 149,,,"Assaulting President, Governor",,S. 124,,,  , ,Section 150,,,Acts endangering sovereignty unity and integrity of India,,   *,,,  , ,Section 151,,,Waging war against foreign state,,S. 125*,,,  , ,Section 152,,,Depredation on territories of foreign state,,S. 126*,,,  , ,Section 153,,,Receiving property taken by war or depredation,,S. 127,,,  , ,Section 154,,,Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of state or war to escape^,,S. 128,,,  , ,Section 155,,,Public servant negligently allowing prisoner to escape,,S. 129,,,  , ,Section 156,,,Aiding escape or harbouring such prisoner,,S. 130,,,  , ,"Chapter VIII Of Offences Relating To The Army, Navy And Air Force",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 157,,,"Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty",,S. 131*,,,  , ,Section 158,,,"Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof",,S. 132,,,  , ,Section 159,,,"Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office",,S. 133,,,  , ,Section 160,,,"Abetment of such assault, if the assault committed",,S. 134,,,  , ,Section 161,,,"Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman",,S. 135,,,  , ,Section 162,,,Harbouring deserter,,S. 136*,,,  , ,Section 163,,,Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master,,S. 137*,,,  , ,Section 164,,,"Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman",,S. 138*,,,  , ,Section 165,,,Persons subject to certain Acts,,S. 139,,,  , ,Section 166,,,"Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman",,S. 140*,,,  , ,"Chapter IX Of Offences Relating To Elections",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 167,,,"Candidate, electoral right defined",,S. 171A,,,  , ,Section 168,,,Bribery,,S. 171B,,,  , ,Section 169,,,Undue influence at elections,,S. 171C,,,  , ,Section 170,,,Personation at elections,,S. 171D,,,  , ,Section 171,,,Punishment for bribery,,S. 171E,,,  , ,Section 172,,,Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election,,S. 171F,,,  , ,Section 173,,,False statement in connection with an election,,S. 171G,,,  , ,Section 174,,,Illegal payments in connection with an election,,S. 171H*,,,  , ,Section 175,,,Failure to keep election accounts,,S. 171I*,,,  , ,"Chapter X Of Offences relating to coin, currency notes, bank notes, and government stamps",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 176,,,"Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency- notes or bank-notes",,"S. 230 - S. 232, S.246- S.249, S. 255, S. 489A*",,,  , ,Section 177,,,"Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank notes",,"S. 250, S.251, S. 258, S. 260, S.489B*",,,  , ,Section 178,,,"Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes",,"S. 242, S. 252-S. 253, S. 259, S. 489C",,,  , ,Section 179,,,"Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes",,"S. 233, S. 235, S. 256, S. 257, S. 489D*",,,  , ,Section 180,,,Making or using documents resembling currency- notes or bank-notes,,S. 489E*,,,  , ,Section 181,,,"Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government",,S. 261,,,  , ,Section 182,,,Using Government stamp known to have been before used,,S. 262,,,  , ,Section 183,,,Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used,,S. 263,,,  , ,Section 184,,,Prohibition of fictitious stamps,,S. 263A,,,  , ,Section 185,,,Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law,,S. 244,,,  , ,Section 186,,,Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint,,S. 245,,,  , ,"Chapter XI Of Offences Against The Public Tranquility",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 187,,,Unlawful assembly,,"S. 141- S. 145, S. 150- S. 151, S. 157- S. 158",,,  , ,Section 188,,,Every member of unlawful offence guilty,,S. 149,,,  , ,Section 189,,,Rioting,,S. 146-148*,,,  , ,Section 190,,,Wantonly giving provocation to cause riot,,S. 153,,,  , ,Section 191,,,"Liability of owner, occupier etc",,S. 154- S. 156,,,  , ,Section 192,,,Affray,,S. 159- S. 160*,,,  , ,Section 193,,,Assaulting or obstructing public servant suppressing riot,,S. 152*,,,  , ,Section 194,,,Promoting enmity between groups,,S. 153A,,,  , ,Section 195,,,"Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration",,S. 153B*,,,  , ,"Chapter XII Of Offences by or relating to Public Servants",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 196,,,Public servant disobeying law to cause injury,,S. 166,,,  , ,Section 197,,,Public servant disobeying direction under law,,S. 166A,,,  , ,Section 198,,,Non-treatment of victim,,S. 166B,,,  , ,Section 199,,,Framing incorrect document to cause injury,,S. 167,,,  , ,Section 200,,,Unlawfully engaging in trade,,S. 168*,,,  , ,Section 201,,,Unlawfully buying or bidding for property,,S. 169,,,  , ,Section 202,,,Personating public servant,,S. 170*,,,  , ,Section 203,,,Wearing garb of public servant,,S. 171*,,,  , ,"Chapter XIII Of Contempts Of The Lawful Authority Of Public Servants",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 204,,,Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding,,S. 172*,,,  , ,Section 205,,,"Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof",,S. 173*,,,  , ,Section 206,,,Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant,,S. 174*,,,  , ,Section 207,,,Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of BNSS of 2023,,S. 174A*,,,  , ,Section 208,,,Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it,,S. 175*,,,  , ,Section 209,,,Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it,,S. 176*,,,  , ,Section 210,,,Furnishing false information,,S. 177*,,,  , ,Section 211,,,Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it,,S. 178*,,,  , ,Section 212,,,Refusing to answer public servant authorized to question,,S. 179*,,,  , ,Section 213,,,Refusing to sign statement,,S. 180*,,,  , ,Section 214,,,False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmation,,S. 181,,,  , ,Section 215,,,"False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person",,S. 182*,,,  , ,Section 216,,,Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant,,S. 183*,,,  , ,Section 217,,,Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant,,S. 184*,,,  , ,Section 218,,,Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant,,S. 185,,,  , ,Section 219,,,Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions,,S. 186*,,,  , ,Section 220,,,Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance,,S. 187*,,,  , ,Section 221,,,Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant,,S. 188*,,,  , ,Section 222,,,Threat of injury to public servant,,S. 189,,,  , ,Section 223,,,Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant,,S. 190,,,  , ,Section 224,,,Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restraint exercise of lawful power,,   *,,,  , ,"Chapter XIV Of False Evidence And Offences Against Public Justice",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 225,,,Giving false evidence,,S. 191,,,  , ,Section 226,,,Fabricating false evidence,,S. 192,,,  , ,Section 227,,,Punishment for false evidence,,S. 193*,,,  , ,Section 228,,,Giving false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence,,S. 194*,,,  , ,Section 229,,,Giving false evidence to procure conviction,,S. 195,,,  , ,Section 230,,,Threatening any person to give false evidence,,S. 195A,,,  , ,Section 231,,,Using evidence known to be false,,S. 196,,,  , ,Section 232,,,Issuing or signing false certificate,,S. 197,,,  , ,Section 233,,,Using as true a certificate known to be false,,S. 198,,,  , ,Section 234,,,False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence,,S. 199,,,  , ,Section 235,,,Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false,,S. 200,,,  , ,Section 236,,,"Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender",,S. 201,,,  , ,Section 237,,,Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform,,S. 202*,,,  , ,Section 238,,,Giving false information respecting an offence committed,,S. 203,,,  , ,Section 239,,,Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence,,S. 204*,,,  , ,Section 240,,,False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution,,S. 205,,,  , ,Section 241,,,Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure,,S. 206*,,,  , ,Section 242,,,Fraudulent claim to property to prevent seizure,,S. 207,,,  , ,Section 243,,,Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due,,S. 208,,,  , ,Section 244,,,Dishonestly making false claim in Court,,S. 209,,,  , ,Section 245,,,Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due,,S. 210,,,  , ,Section 246,,,False charge of offence made with intent to injure,,S. 211*,,,  , ,Section 247,,,Harbouring offender,,S. 212,,,  , ,Section 248,,,"Taking gift, etc. to screen offender",,S. 213,,,  , ,Section 249,,,Offering gift or restoration of property,,S. 214,,,  , ,Section 250,,,"Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.",,S. 215,,,  , ,Section 251,,,Harbouring offender escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered,,S. 216*,,,  , ,Section 252,,,Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits,,S. 216A*,,,  , ,Section 253,,,Disobeying direction of law to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture,,S. 217,,,  , ,Section 254,,,Public servant framing incorrect record,,S. 218,,,  , ,Section 255,,,"Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law",,S. 219,,,  , ,Section 256,,,Commitment by person who knows that he is acting contrary to law,,S. 220,,,  , ,Section 257,,,Intentional omission to apprehend,,S. 221,,,  , ,Section 258,,,Intentional omission to apprehend,,S. 222,,,  , ,Section 259,,,Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant,,S. 223,,,  , ,Section 260,,,Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension,,S. 224,,,  , ,Section 261,,,Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person,,S. 225,,,  , ,Section 262,,,"Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant",,S. 225A,,,  , ,Section 263,,,Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue,,S. 225B,,,  , ,Section 264,,,Violation of condition of remission of punishment,,S. 227,,,  , ,Section 265,,,Intentional insult in judicial proceeding,,S. 228*,,,  , ,Section 266,,,Personation of an assessor,,S. 229*,,,  , ,Section 267,,,Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in court,,S. 229A,,,  , ,"Chapter XV Of Offences Affecting The Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency And Morals",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 268,,,Public nuisance,,S. 268,,,  , ,Section 269,,,Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life,,S. 269,,,  , ,Section 270,,,Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life,,S. 270*,,,  , ,Section 271,,,Disobedience to quarantine rule,,S. 271*,,,  , ,Section 272,,,Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale,,S. 272*,,,  , ,Section 273,,,Sale of noxious food or drink,,S. 273*,,,  , ,Section 274,,,Adulteration of drugs,,S. 274*,,,  , ,Section 275,,,Sale of adulterated drugs,,S. 275*,,,  , ,Section 276,,,Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation,,S. 276*,,,  , ,Section 277,,,Fouling water of public spring or reservoir,,S. 277*,,,  , ,Section 278,,,Making atmosphere noxious to health,,S. 278*,,,  , ,Section 279,,,Rash driving or riding on a public way,,S. 279,,,  , ,Section 280,,,Rash navigation of vessel,,S. 280*,,,  , ,Section 281,,,"Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy",,S. 281*,,,  , ,Section 282,,,Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel,,S. 282*,,,  , ,Section 283,,,Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation,,S. 283*,,,  , ,Section 284,,,Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance,,S. 284*,,,  , ,Section 285,,,Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter,,S. 285*,,,  , ,Section 286,,,Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance,,S. 286*,,,  , ,Section 287,,,Negligent conduct with respect to machinery,,S. 287*,,,  , ,Section 288,,,"Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings etc.",,S. 288*,,,  , ,Section 289,,,Negligent conduct with respect to animal,,S. 289*,,,  , ,Section 290,,,Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for,,S. 290*,,,  , ,Section 291,,,Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue,,S. 291*,,,  , ,Section 292,,,"Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.",,S. 292*,,,  , ,Section 293,,,"Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child",,S. 293*,,,  , ,Section 294,,,Obscene acts and songs,,S. 294*,,,  , ,Section 295,,,Keeping lottery office,,S. 294A*,,,  , ,"Chapter XVI Of Offences relating to Religion",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 296,,,Injuring or defiling place of worship,,S. 295,,,  , ,Section 297,,,Deliberate act to outage religious feelings,,S. 295A*,,,  , ,Section 298,,,Disturbing religious assembly,,S. 296,,,  , ,Section 299,,,Trespassing on burial places,,S. 297,,,  , ,Section 300,,,Uttering words etc. to wound religious feelings,,S. 298,,,  , ,"Chapter XVII Of Offences against Property",,,,,,,,  , ,Section 301,,,Theft,,S. 378- S. 379*,,,  , ,Section 302,,,Snatching,,–*,,,  , ,Section 303,,,Theft in dwelling house,,S. 380*,,,  , ,Section 304,,,Theft by clerk or servant,,S. 381,,,  , ,Section 305,,,"Theft after preparing for causing death, hurt, restraint",,S. 382,,,  , ,Of extortion,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 306,,,Extortion,,S. 383- S. 389*,,,  , ,Of Robbery and Dacoity,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 307,,,Robbery,,"S. 390, S. 392- S. 394",,,  , ,Section 308,,,Dacoity,,"S. 391, S. 395-S, 396, S. 399-S. 400, S. 402",,,  , ,Section 309,,,Robbery or dacoity with attempt to cause grievous hurt,,S. 397,,,  , ,Section 310,,,Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity with deadly weapon,,S. 398,,,  , ,Section 311,,,Belonging to gang of robbers or thieves,,S. 401*,,,  , ,Of Criminal Misappropriation of Property,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 312,,,Dishonest misappropriation,,S. 403*,,,  , ,Section 313,,,Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person,,S. 404,,,  , ,Of Criminal Breach of Trust,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 314,,,Criminal breach of trust,,S. 405- S. 409*,,,  , , ,,,Of the Receiving of Stolen Property,, ,,,  , ,Section 315,,,Stolen property,,S. 410- S. 414,,,  , ,Of Cheating,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 316,,,Cheating,,"S. 415, S. 417- S. 418, S. 420*",,,  , ,Section 317,,,Cheating by personation,,"S. 416, S. 419*",,,  , ,Of Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property,,,,,,,,  , ,Section 318,,,Dishonest removal of property to prevent distribution among creditors,,S. 421*,,,  , ,Section 319,,,Dishonestly preventing debt being available for creditors,,S. 422,,,  , ,Section 320,,,Dishonest execution of sale deed,,S. 423*,,,  , ,Section 321,,,Dishonest removal or concealment of property,,S. 424*,,,  ,Of Mischief,,,,,,,, , ,Section 322,,,Mischief,,,"S. 425- S.427, S. 440*",, , ,Section 323,,,Mischief by killing or maiming animal,,,S. 428- S. 429*,, , ,Section 324,,,"Mischief by injury, ire, explosion etc",,,S. 430- S. 436*,, , ,Section 325,,,"Mischief with intent to destroy rail, aircraft etc",,,S. 437-S. 438,, , ,Section 326,,,Intentionally running vessel to commit theft etc,,,S. 439,, , ,Of criminal trespass,,,,,,,, , ,Section 327,,,Criminal trespass and house trespass,,,S. 441-S.442 S. 447- S. 448*,, , ,Section 328,,,Lurking house trespass and housebreaking,,,"S. 443, S. 445",, , ,Section 329,,,Punishment for lurking house trespass / housebreaking,,,S. 453- S. 460,, , ,Section 330,,,House trespass to commit offence,,,S. 449- S. 451,, , ,Section 331,,,House trespass after preparation for assault etc.,,,S. 452,, , ,Section 332,,,Dishonestly breaking receptacle,,,S. 461- S. 462,, , ,"Chapter XVIII Of Offences Relating To Documents And To Property Marks",,,,,,,, , ,Section 333,,,Making a false document,,,S. 464*,, , ,Section 334,,,Forgery,,,"S. 463, S. 465, S. 468- S. 469.",, , ,Section 335,,,"Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.",,,S. 466*,, , ,Section 336,,,"Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.",,,S. 467,, , ,Section 337,,,Having possession of document knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine,,,S. 474,, , ,Section 338,,,Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine,,,S. 470- S. 471,, , ,Section 339,,,"Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery",,,S. 472- S. 473*,, , ,Section 340,,,Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents,,,S. 475-S. 476,, , ,Section 341,,,"Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security",,,S. 477,, , ,Section 342,,,Falsification of accounts,,,S. 477A,, , ,Of Property Marks,,,,,,,, , ,Section 343,,,Property mark,,,"S. 479, S. 481, S. 482",, , ,Section 344,,,Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury,,,S. 489,, , ,Section 345,,,Counterfeiting a property mark,,,"S. 483, S. 484",, , ,Section 346,,,Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark,,,S. 485,, , ,Section 347,,,Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark,,,S. 486,, , ,Section 348,,,Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods,,,S. 487- S. 488,, , ,"Chapter XIX Of Criminal Intimidation, Insult, Annoyance, Defamation etc",,,,,,,, , ,Section 349,,,Criminal intimidation,,,"S. 503, S. 506-S. 507*",, , ,Section 350,,,Intentional insult to provoke breach of peace,,,S. 504*,, , ,Section 351,,,Statement conducing to public mischief,,,S. 505*,, , ,Section 352,,,Act caused by inducing person to believe he will be rendered an object of divine displeasure,,,S. 508,, , ,Section 353,,,Misconduct in public by drunken person,,,S. 510*,, , ,Of Defamation,,,,,,,, , ,Section 354,,,Defamation,,,S. 499- S. 502*,, , ,Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person,,,,,,,, , ,Section 355,,,Breach of contract to supply wants of helpless person,,,S. 491*,, , ,Section 356,,,Repeal and savings,,,   *,,,