Claim: More than half of the 44 studies selected for publication found that raised levels of CO2 had little or no impact on marine life, including crabs, limpets, sea urchins and sponges

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: This increase in acidity inhibits all marine life – having a greater impact on smaller organisms as well as shelled organisms (see scallops).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Calcium carbonate also becomes more soluble at lower pH, so ocean acidification is likely to have profound effects on marine organisms with calcareous shells, such as oysters, clams, sea urchins, and corals, because their ability to form shells will be reduced, and the carbonate compensation depth will rise closer to the sea surface.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: While the full implications of elevated CO2 on marine ecosystems are still being documented, there is a substantial body of research showing that a combination of ocean acidification and elevated ocean temperature, driven mainly by CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, have a compounded effect on marine life and the ocean environment.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Marine organisms are more sensitive to changes in (carbon dioxide) levels than terrestrial organisms are for a variety of reasons.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO 2-induced ocean acidification".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Although the natural absorption of CO 2 by the world's oceans helps mitigate the climatic effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO 2, it is believed that the resulting decrease in pH will have negative consequences, primarily for oceanic calcifying organisms.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: One of the most striking features of this is ocean acidification, resulting from increased CO2 uptake of the oceans related to higher atmospheric concentration of CO2 and higher temperatures, because it severely affects coral reefs, mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans (see coral bleaching).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In a synthesis report published in Science in 2015, 22 leading marine scientists stated that CO 2 from burning fossil fuels is changing the oceans' chemistry more rapidly than at any time since the Great Dying, Earth's most severe known extinction event, emphasizing that the 2 °C maximum temperature increase agreed upon by governments reflects too small a cut in emissions to prevent "dramatic impacts" on the world's oceans, with lead author Jean-Pierre Gattuso remarking that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Unanimous agreement was found among the models that future climate change will reduce the efficiency of the land and ocean carbon cycle to absorb human-induced CO. As a result, a larger fraction of human-induced CO will stay airborne if climate change controls the carbon cycle.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: (2013) "Meta‐analysis reveals complex marine biological responses to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming".