Claim: Recent modelling data suggests the climate is considerably more sensitive to carbon emissions than previously believed

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Climate sensitivity is an emergent property of these models.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The cause of the increased sensitivity lies mainly in improved modelling of clouds so that low clouds descrease more strongly when temperature rise causing enhanced planetary absorption of sunlight.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The more sensitive a climate system is to increased greenhouse gases, the more likely it is to have decades when temperatures are much higher or much lower than the longer-term average.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Climate sensitivity is typically estimated in three ways; by using observations taken during the industrial age, by using temperature and other data from the Earth's past and by modelling the climate system in computers.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The IPCC has pointed out that many long-term climate scenario models require large-scale manmade negative emissions to avoid serious climate change.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: For coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models (e.g. CMIP5) the climate sensitivity is an emergent property : it is not a model parameter, but rather a result of a combination of model physics and parameters.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate sensitivity is the globally averaged temperature change in response to changes in radiative forcing, which can occur, for instance, due to increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: For coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models the climate sensitivity is an emergent property; rather than being a model parameter it is a result of a combination of model physics and parameters.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Other modelling work suggests that the threat of climate engineering may in fact increase the likelihood of emissions reduction.<ref name="doi10.1007/s10584-011-0102-0"></ref>

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The effective climate sensitivity is an estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity using data from a climate system, either in a model or real-world observations, that is not yet in equilibrium.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Third Assessment Report, says: "While the radiative forcing due to greenhouse gases may be determined to a reasonably high degree of accuracy... the uncertainties relating to aerosol radiative forcings remain large, and rely to a large extent on the estimates from global modelling studies that are difficult to verify at the present time".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate sensitivity is defined as the amount of global average surface warming following a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate models have been used to examine the role of the Sun in recent climate change.