jasperyeoh2/new-methodology-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Claim: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: When the moisture content remains constant and temperature increases, relative humidity decreases, but the dew point remains constant.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Heating cold outdoor air can decrease relative humidity levels indoors to below 30%, leading to ailments such as dry skin, cracked lips, dry eyes and excessive thirst.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: As temperature decreases, the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation also decreases.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Under conditions of high humidity, the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin decreases.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: There is less evidence that precipitation is changing.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: As air gets warmer, it can hold more moisture.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The warming has not been globally uniform.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Although all the datasets show the expected tropospheric amplification at seasonal and annual timescales it is still debated whether or not the long term trends are consistent with the expected moist adiabatic lapse rate amplification due to difficulty of producing homogenized datasets, some satellite temperature reconstruction are consistent with the expected amplification while others are not.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The temperature of the troposphere decreases with altitude.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In the troposphere, temperature decreases with altitude.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Reactions like this tend to buffer changes in atmospheric .

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Resolution and confidence in the data decrease over time.
Claim: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The average surface temperature could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 1.67 to 5.56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century if carbon emissions aren't reduced.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: According to the historical temperature record of the last century, the Earth's near-surface air temperature has risen around 0.74 ± 0.18 °Celsius (1.3 ± 0.32 °Fahrenheit).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F (0.83 °C) since 1880.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Due to the increase in temperature of the soil, CO2 levels in our atmosphere increase, and as such the mean average temperature of the Earth is rising.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades.
Claim: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Here is the quote: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In January 2013 James Hansen and colleagues published their updated analysis that temperatures had continued at a high level despite strong La Niña conditions, and said the "5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing", noting "that the 10 warmest years in the record all occurred since 1998."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: This was associated with a change of surface winds over the Pacific which had caused ocean heat to penetrate below 700m depth and had contributed to the apparent global warming hiatus in surface temperatures during the previous decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In an interview, Trenberth said, "The planet is warming", but "the warmth just isn't being manifested at the surface."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The warming has not been globally uniform.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In at least some areas, the recent period appears to be warmer than has been the case for a thousand or more years".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Some areas have, in fact, cooled slightly over the last century.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Translation: Once human beings start to warm the climate, they do so at a constant rate.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The rate of global warming during the past several decades has been about 0.18°C per decade".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: However, the warming was probably not uniform across the world.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is often described as a region with one of the largest warming trends on Earth since the 1950s, based on the temperature trend of 0.54 °C/decade during 1951–2011 recorded at Faraday/Vernadsky station.
Claim: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In 2004, a paper was published in the journal Science by Naomi Oreskes titled Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Her work came to public attention in 2004 with the publication of "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change," in Science, in which she wrote that there was no significant disagreement in the scientific community about the reality of global warming from human causes.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Oreskes wrote an essay on science and society "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change" in the journal "Science" in December 2004.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: A scientific consensus on climate change exists, as recognized by national academies of science and other authoritative bodies.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The scientific consensus on climate change is "that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities", and it "is largely irreversible".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Network of African Science Academies: "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) represents the consensus of the international scientific community on climate change science.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "The work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) represents the consensus of the international scientific community on climate change science.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change...

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: There is a scientific consensus that climate is changing and that greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.
Claim: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In 2010, he signed a letter advocating the establishment of a 'price' for greenhouse gas emissions as part of national energy policy.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Begich has stated that this should not be interpreted as support for a carbon tax.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Carbon tax support:

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: With respect to the climate change, the Democratic Party believes that “carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gasses should be priced to reflect their negative externalities, and to accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy and help meet our climate goals.” Democrats are also committed to “implementing, and extending smart pollution and efficiency standards, including the Clean Power Plan, fuel economy standards for automobiles and heavy-duty vehicles, building codes and appliance standards.”

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: John Hardy Isakson (born December 28, 1944) is the senior United States Senator from Georgia, in office since 2005, and a member of the Republican Party.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Claire Conner McCaskill ([məˈkæskəl] born July 24, 1953) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who serves as the senior United States Senator from Missouri.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In January 2015, the Republican-led U.S. Senate voted 98–1 to pass a resolution acknowledging that "climate change is real and is not a hoax"; however, an amendment stating that "human activity significantly contributes to climate change" was supported by only five Republican senators.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Mike Feinstein, American Green Party politician

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Republican Party has varied views on climate change.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In 2015, the Jack P. Blaney Award for Dialogue recognized Tim Flannery for using dialogue and authentic engagement to build global consensus for action around climate change.His sometimes controversial views on shutting down conventional coal-fired power stations for electricity generation in the medium term are frequently cited in the media.
Claim: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: EGS and HDR technologies, such as hydrothermal geothermal, are expected to be baseload resources which produce power 24 hours a day like a fossil plant.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Some renewable electricity sources have identical variability to coal-fired power stations, so they are base-load, and can be integrated into the electricity supply system without any additional back-up.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms" (PDF).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: There is a need to develop renewable energy resources.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: See also: Renewable energy by country

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Water is used in renewable power generation.
Claim: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The models, while accurately predicting the tropics, tend to produce significantly cooler temperatures of up to 20 °C (36 °F) colder than the actual determined temperature at the poles.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Most contemporary scientists thought that the Earth had been gradually cooling down since its birth as a molten globe.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The severity of this cooling in Alan Robock's model suggests that the cumulative products of 100 of these firestorms could cool the global climate by approximately 1 °C (1.8 °F), largely eliminating the magnitude of anthropogenic global warming for the next roughly two or three years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The smoke resulting would be largely opaque to solar radiation but transparent to infrared, thus cooling the Earth by blocking sunlight, but not creating warming by enhancing the greenhouse effect.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: This article is about climate change scenarios.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Contrary to climate models and surface measurements, their results showed a cooling in the troposphere.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In the 1998 paper, "CO2-induced global warming: a skeptic's view of potential climate change" Idso said: "Several of these cooling forces have individually been estimated to be of equivalent magnitude, but of opposite sign, to the typically predicted greenhouse effect of a doubling of the air’s CO2 content, which suggests to me that little net temperature change will ultimately result from the ongoing buildup of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The warming has not been globally uniform.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climatic oscillations at higher frequencies are not predicted... the results indicate that the long-term trend over the next 20,000 years is towards extensive Northern Hemisphere glaciation and cooler climate".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate models are unable yet to predict abrupt climate change events, or most of the past abrupt climate shifts.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: [citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.
Claim: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: This process is enhanced by global warming, because warmer air holds more water vapor than colder air, so the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as it is warmed by the greenhouse effect.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The upper temperature level is given by the soil or water surface of the earth, which absorbs the incoming sun radiation and warms up, evaporating water.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Warmer air holds more water vapor.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, the increase in water vapor content makes the atmosphere warm further; this warming causes the atmosphere to hold still more water vapor (a positive feedback), and so on until other processes stop the feedback loop.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Warmer air can contain more water vapor than cooler air before becoming saturated.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The feedback due to water vapor is a major factor in determining how much warming would be expected to occur with increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, and all existing computer models assume positive feedback — that is, that as the climate warms, the amount of water vapour held in the atmosphere will increase, leading to further warming.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: After an initial warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases, the atmosphere will hold more water.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Warming from increased would increase the amount of water vapour, amplifying its effect in a feedback process.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The source of water vapor is at the Earth's surface through the process of evaporation.
Claim: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The loss of the colorful algae causes the coral to turn white.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Coral that loses a large fraction of its zooxanthellae becomes white (or sometimes pastel shades in corals that are pigmented with their own proteins) and is said to be bleached, a condition which, unless corrected, can kill the coral.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Under such environmental stresses, corals expel their Symbiodinium; without them coral tissues reveal the white of their skeletons, an event known as coral bleaching.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Mass ejections are known as coral bleaching because the algae contribute to coral coloration; some colors, however, are due to host coral pigments, such as green fluorescent proteins (GFPs).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: When corals bleach it is because the coral loses 60–90% of their zooxanthellae due to various stressors, ocean temperature being one of them.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Coral bleaching is when unicellular organisms that help make up the coral begin to die off and leave the coral giving it a white appearance.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Coral bleaching may be caused by a number of factors.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The leading cause of coral bleaching is rising water temperatures.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: After corals experience a bleaching event to increased temperature stress some reefs are able to return to their original, pre-bleaching state.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: One of the main results of climate change is rising sea water temperature which has a serious effect on coral reefs, through thermal-stress related coral bleaching.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: It causes irregular white patches or blotches on the coral that result from the loss of coral tissue.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: It is necessary to monitor the high temperatures because coral bleaching events are affecting coral reef reproduction and normal growth capacity, as well as it weakening corals, eventually leading to their mortality.