Claim: But then, just over a year ago, Mike Wallace, a hydrologist with 30 years’ experience, noticed while researching his PhD that they had omitted some key information[…] his results were surprising: there has been no reduction in oceanic pH

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The aim of the Doctor of Arts degree was to shorten the time needed to complete the degree by focusing on pedagogy over research, although the Doctor of Arts still contains a significant research component.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Upon completion of at least two years' research and coursework as a graduate student, a candidate must demonstrate truthful and original contributions to their specific field of knowledge within a frame of academic excellence.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: A Master's degree is required, and the doctorate combines approximately 4–5 years of research (amounting to 3–5 scientific articles, some of which must be first-author) and 60 ECTS points of studies.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: This is typically done after one or two years and the research work done may count towards the Ph.D. degree.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The arts faculty, which in Germany was labelled the faculty of philosophy, started demanding contributions to research, attested by a dissertation, for the award of their final degree, which was labelled Doctor of Philosophy (abbreviated as Ph.D.)—originally this was just the German equivalent of the Master of Arts degree.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Surface-ocean pH has probably not been below 8.1 during the past 2 million years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Between 1751 and 1996, surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Mg has a long residence time in the ocean, and so it is possible to largely ignore the effect of changes in seawater Mg/Ca on the signal.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Also, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) writes in their Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report: "The uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 has led to the ocean becoming more acidic with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Azoic hypothesis (sometimes referred to as the Abyssus theory) is a superseded scientific theory proposed by Edward Forbes in 1843, stating that the abundance and variety of marine life decreased with increasing depth and, by extrapolation of his own measurements, Forbes calculated that marine life would cease to exist below 300 fathom.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: As a result, the pH in the oceans is declining.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: • Ocean acidification is projected to continue (very high confidence).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In 2018, scientists concluded that high sea levels some 125,000 years ago, which were 6–9 m (20–30 ft) higher than today, were most likely due to the absence of the WAIS, and found evidence that the ice sheet collapsed under climate conditions similar to those of today.