Claim: Pollard and DeConto are the first to admit that their model is still crude, but its results have pushed the entire scientific community into emergency mode.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In addition to testing hypotheses, scientists may also generate a model, an attempt to describe or depict the phenomenon in terms of a logical, physical or mathematical representation and to generate new hypotheses that can be tested, based on observable phenomena.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Scientific models vary in the extent to which they have been experimentally tested and for how long, and in their acceptance in the scientific community.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Crucially, experimental and theoretical results must be reproduced by others within the scientific community.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: One key point was that they realized that the quickest way to reach a result was not to continue a mathematical analysis, but to build a physical model.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In essence it is a process of accelerated and rigorous trial and error building on previous knowledge to refine an existing hypothesis, or discarding it altogether to find a better model.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Different physicists have claimed that the results support different models.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Other scientists were skeptical.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Boucher's review concludes: "Movies like Cowspiracy aren’t believable, not only because of how they twist the science, but also because of what they ask us to believe: that the fossil fuel industry—the ExxonMobils of the world—aren’t the main cause of global warming... and that thousands of scientists have covered up the truth about the most important environmental issue of our time.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Since its first publication this model has come under much scrutiny and has been criticized for various reasons (described below).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Few are supported by scientific studies.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: We find that the Svensmark results on cloud seeding have not yet been shown to be robust or sufficient to materially alter the conclusions of the assessment literature, especially given the abundance of recent literature that is skeptical of the cosmic ray-climate linkage

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Dielectric breakdown model (DBM) is a macroscopic mathematical model combining the diffusion-limited aggregation model with electric field.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In a recent DICE model, DICE-2013R Model, the social cost of carbon is estimated based on the following alternative scenarios: (1) a baseline scenario, when climate change policies have not changed since 2010, (2) an optimal scenario, when climate change policies are optimal (fully implemented and followed), (3) when the optimal scenario does not exceed 2oC limit after 1900 data, (4) when the 2oC limit is an average and not the optimum, (5) when a near-zero (low) discount rate of 0.1% is used (as assumed in the Stern Review), (6) when a near-zero discount rate is also used but with calibrated interest rates, and (7) when a high discount rate of 3.5% is used.