jasperyeoh2/new-methodology-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Claim: Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $345 billion as of 2017[update].

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "Top 50 Water Ports by Tonnage—Bureau of Transportation Statistics".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: As of 2013[update], Port Tampa Bay ranks 16th in the United States by tonnage in domestic trade, 32nd in foreign trade, and 22nd in total trade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018[update].

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: For the five years through November 2017, Georgia has been ranked the top state (number 1) in the nation to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for business and labor climate in the nation, number 1 in business climate in the nation, number 1 in the nation in workforce training and as having a "Best in Class" state economic development agency.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Florida is a state located in the Southern United States.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: This article refers to crime in the U.S. state of Florida.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: With a population of more than 18 million, according to the 2010 census, Florida is the most populous state in the southeastern United States and the third-most populous in the United States.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: This is a timeline of the U.S. state of Florida.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: It is in North America, including and possibly limited to Florida.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Within the region, desert/semi-desert (California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas), Mediterranean (California), humid subtropical (Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee), and tropical (Florida) climates can be found.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Within the state of Florida four counties (Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe, Palm Beach) have created the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact in order to coordinate adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with the impact of climate change on the region.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Florida 's FIPS code of 12 is used to distinguish from counties in other states.
Claim: In 1977, PDO switched to a warm phase.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: 1976/1977: PDO changed to a "warm" phase.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: 1924/1925: PDO changed to a "warm" phase.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: 1945/1946: The PDO changed to a "cool" phase, the pattern of this regime shift is similar to the 1970s episode with maximum amplitude in the subarctic and subtropical front but with a greater signature near the Japan while the 1970s shift was stronger near the American west coast.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20° N. During a "warm", or "positive", phase, the west Pacific becomes cool and part of the eastern ocean warms; during a "cool" or "negative" phase, the opposite pattern occurs.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The PDO is a pattern of Pacific climate variability that shifts phases on at least inter-decadal time scale, usually about 20 to 30 years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a robust, recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability centered over the mid-latitude Pacific basin.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: | width = ``40 %'' align = ``center'' | This article is part of theChronology of world oil market events (1970-2005)

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The 2014 flip from the cool PDO phase to the warm phase, which vaguely resembles a long and drawn out El Niño event, contributed to record-breaking surface temperatures across the planet in 2014.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The two warmest years were 1981 and 1987.
Claim: The unusual heat was most noteworthy in Europe, which had its warmest April on record, and Australia, which had its second-warmest.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: According to the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia's annual mean temperature for 2009 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 1961–90 average, making it the nation's second-warmest year since high-quality records began in 1910.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The European heat wave of 2006 was the second massive heat wave to hit the continent in four years, with temperatures rising to 40 °C (104 °F) in Paris; in Ireland, which has a moderate maritime climate, temperatures of over 32 °C (90 °F) were reported.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: June 2019 was the hottest month on record worldwide, the effects of this were especially prominent in Europe.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: 21 July The latest global analysis of temperature data from NOAA shows that the first half of 2015 was the hottest such period on record, at 0.85 °C (1.53 °F) above the 20th century average, surpassing the previous record set in 2010 by 0.09 °C (0.16 °F).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Record temperatures were felt in:

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: According to the Bureau of Meteorology's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as a consequence of a La Niña weather pattern; however, "the country's 10-year average continues to demonstrate the rising trend in temperatures, with 2002–2011 likely to rank in the top two warmest 10-year periods on record for Australia, at 0.52 °C (0.94 °F) above the long-term average".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Enhanced warming over north Eurasia is partly linked to the Northern Annular Mode, while in the southern hemisphere the trend toward stronger westerlies over the Southern ocean favoured a cooling over much of Antarctica with the exception of the Antarctic Peninsula where strong westerlies decrease cold air outbreaks from the south.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: However, the warming was probably not uniform across the world.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Warming is stronger over northern Europe, China and North America in winter, Europe and Asia interior in spring, Europe and north Africa in summer and northern North America, Greenland and eastern Asia in autumn.
Claim: Which means that if the planet is five degrees warmer at the end of the century, we may have as many as 50 percent more people to feed and 50 percent less grain to give them.”

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The British scientist John Beddington predicted in 2009 that supplies of energy, food, and water will need to be increased by 50% to reach demand levels of 2030.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: He learns that "Earth could warm by more than 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) by 2100 if we don’t aggressively reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases", and that more frequent heat waves and droughts will contribute to food shortages, which can lead to greater conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Limiting global warming to 1.5°C, compared with 2°C, could reduce the number of people both exposed to climate-related risks and susceptible to poverty by up to several hundred million by 2050.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage, greatly affecting our livestock supply.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The average surface temperature could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 1.67 to 5.56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century if carbon emissions aren't reduced.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: A warmer earth could serve to moderate temperatures worldwide.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Woods Hole Research Center, citing two 2015 studies on permafrost carbon says there may be a self-reinforcing tipping point where an estimated equivalent of 205 gigatons of carbon dioxide in the form of methane could cause up to 0.5 °C (up to 0.9 °F) warming by the end of the century, which would trigger more warming.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.
Claim: “At the bottom of the world, sea ice is also at all-time record low levels around Antarctica, the data center said.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 180 K (−89.2 °C, −128.6 °F) in Antarctica.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Sea ice extent for September for 2012 was by far the lowest on record at 3.29 million square kilometers, eclipsing the previous record low sea ice extent of 2007 by 18%.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Arctic sea ice extent ice hit an all-time low in September 2012, when the ice was determined to cover only 24% of the Arctic Ocean, offsetting the previous low of 29% in 2007.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The cryosphere (from the Greek "kryos", "cold", "frost" or "ice" and "sphaira", "globe, ball") is an all-encompassing term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low—Extreme Weather to Come?".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth in Antarctica".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent for the year and the satellite record" (Press release).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The lowest air temperature ever directly measured on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at Vostok Station in 1983, but satellites have used remote sensing to measure temperatures as low as −94.7 °C (−138.5 °F) in East Antarctica.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Analysis of ice in a core drilled from an ice sheet such as the Antarctic ice sheet, can be used to show a link between temperature and global sea level variations.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Antarctica is the driest continent.
Claim: Because current climate change is so rapid, the way species typically adapt (eg - migration) is, in most cases, simply not be possible.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Human activities therefore allow species to migrate to new areas (and thus become invasive) occurred on time scales much shorter than historically have been required for a species to extend its range.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Rapid or large climate change can cause mass extinctions when creatures are stretched too far to be able to adapt.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The species are also affected by climate change.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The population of species could change due to the speed at which they adapt.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Ecosystems and species are vulnerable to climate change and other stresses (as illustrated by observed impacts of recent regional temperature changes) and some will be irreversibly damaged or lost."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: One of the most important ways animals can deal with climatic change is migration to warmer or colder regions.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Species of plants and animals that can't adapt quickly enough may become extinct or be replaced by other creatures.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate change can be an important driver of migration, both within and between countries.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: This article is about climate change scenarios.
Claim: Global Ocean Circulation Appears To Be Collapsing Due To A Warming Planet

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Additional fresh water flowing into the North Atlantic during a warming cycle may also reduce the global ocean water circulation.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: There is some concern that a shutdown of thermohaline circulation could happen again as a result of the present warming period.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: A shutdown or slowdown of the thermohaline circulation is a hypothesized effect of global warming on a major ocean circulation.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The world ocean is in great danger of collapse.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Recent studies (2017) suggest potential convection collapse (heat transport) of the subpolar gyre in the North Atlantic, resulting in rapid cooling, with implications for economic sectors, agriculture industry, water resources and energy management in Western Europe and the East Coast of the United States.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The ocean is in great danger of collapse.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global warming is projected to have a number of effects on the oceans.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global warming could, via a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation, trigger cooling in the North Atlantic, Europe, and North America.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Possible weakening of ocean overturning and convection lead to further oxygen depletion, also in the deep ocean.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The role of the oceans in global warming is a complex one.
Claim: The Great Barrier Reef is experiencing the most widespread bleaching ever recorded

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: These temperatures have caused the most severe and widespread coral bleaching ever recorded in the Great Barrier reef.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: A March 2016 report stated that coral bleaching was more widespread than previously thought, seriously affecting the northern parts of the reef as a result of warming ocean temperatures.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Other environmental pressures on the reef and its ecosystem include runoff, climate change accompanied by mass coral bleaching, dumping of dredging sludge and cyclic population outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Mass coral bleaching events due to elevated ocean temperatures occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006, and coral bleaching is expected to become an annual occurrence.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Great Barrier Reef along the coast of Australia experienced bleaching events in 1980, 1982, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2016 and 2017.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In 2016, the longest coral bleaching event was recorded.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: According to Clive Wilkinson of Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network of Townsville Australia, in 1998 the mass bleaching event occurred the indian ocean region worst affected by it due to rising of temperature of sea by 2℃ to normal temperature level coupled by strong El nino event in 1997-1998.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Battle for the Reef – Four Corners – ABC.au Great Barrier Reef scientists confirm largest die-off of corals recorded.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: With the increase of coral bleaching events worldwide, In 2017, the National Geographic proposed "In the past three years, 25 reefs—which comprise three-fourths of the world’s reef systems— experienced severe bleaching events in what scientists concluded was the worst-ever sequence of bleachings to date.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: A global mass coral bleaching has been occurring since 2014 because of the highest recorded temperatures plaguing oceans.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Bleaching events in benthic coral communities (deeper than 20 metres or 66 feet) in the Great Barrier reef are not as well documented as those at shallower depths, but recent research has shown that benthic communities are just as negatively impacted in the face of rising ocean temperatures.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Between 1997-1998 the most significant worldwide coral bleaching event was recorded which corresponded with the El Nino Southern Oscillation, with significant damage to the coral reefs of the Western Indian Ocean.
Claim: “climate economists see a positive externality, not a negative one, from the human influence on climate.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: A positive externality (also called "external benefit" or "external economy" or "beneficial externality") is the positive effect an activity imposes on an unrelated third party.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Economists describe environmental impacts as negative externalities.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Human influence on the climate system is clear.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Externalities can be either positive or negative.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Although humans operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Anthropogenic climate change is caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: This article is about the economics of climate change mitigation.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects'.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The relationship between human labour and the environment and the types of work that humans have participated in have created a negative impact on many aspects of the environment including climate change and has resulted in the emerging green economy.