Claim: Europe and Asia  emit most of the soot from burning coal, wood, dung, and diesel in open  fires or without particulate filters in stoves, chimneys, smokestacks,  and exhaust pipes.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Most of these fine particles are a by-product of... burning... coal, gasoline, diesel, wood, trash...

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: It is a product of combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: They include soot from coal burning, internal-combustion engines, power-plant boilers, hog-fuel boilers, ship boilers, central steam-heat boilers, waste incineration, local field burning, house fires, forest fires, fireplaces, and furnaces.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: For example, the majority of soot emissions in South Asia are due to biofuel cooking, whereas in East Asia, coal combustion for residential and industrial uses plays a larger role.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Ramanathan estimates that “providing alternative energy-efficient and smoke-free cookers and introducing transferring technology for reducing soot emissions from coal combustion in small industries could have major impacts on the radiative forcing due to soot.” Specifically, the impact of replacing biofuel cooking with black carbon-free cookers (solar, bio, and natural gas) in South and East Asia is dramatic: over South Asia, a 70 to 80% reduction in black carbon heating; and in East Asia, a 20 to 40% reduction.”

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Black carbon sources vary by region.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Damage to health from particulates, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide occurs mainly in Asia and is often due to burning low quality coal, such as lignite, in plants lacking modern flue gas treatment.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Smoke from traditional household solid fuel combustion commonly contains a range of incomplete combustion products, including both fine and coarse particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5, PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and a variety of organic air pollutants (e.g., formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, acetaldehyde, acrolein, phenols, pyrene, benzopyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, dibenzopyrenes, dibenzocarbazoles, and cresols).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The largest sources of black carbon are Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: According to the , “the presence of black carbon over highly reflective surfaces, such as snow and ice, or clouds, may cause a significant positive radiative forcing.” The IPCC also notes that emissions from biomass burning, which usually have a negative forcing, have a positive forcing over snow fields in areas such as the Himalayas.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock).