Claim: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: For example, when climate model simulations of the last century include all of the major influences on climate, both human-induced and natural, they can reproduce many important features of observed climate change patterns.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The clear message from fingerprint studies is that the observed warming over the last half-century cannot be explained by natural factors, and is instead caused primarily by human factors.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Models are, however, able to simulate the observed 20th century changes in temperature when they include all of the most important external forcings, including human influences and natural forcings.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Climate models forced by natural factors and increased greenhouse gases and aerosols reproduce the observed global temperature changes; those forced by natural factors alone do not.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Therefore, climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Attribution of the temperature change to natural or anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) factors is an important question: see global warming and attribution of recent climate change.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Scientists rely on such studies to attribute observed changes in climate to a particular cause or set of causes.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Attribution sceptics or deniers (who accept the global warming trend but see natural causes for this), [and] doubt that human activities are responsible for the observed trends.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities:

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings.