jasperyeoh2/new-methodology-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Claim: Arctic, Antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Around much of Earth, deglaciation during the last 100 years has been accelerating as a result of climate change, partly brought on by anthropogenic changes to greenhouse gases.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Arctic is affected by current global warming, leading to Arctic sea ice shrinkage, diminished ice in the Greenland ice sheet, and Arctic methane release as the permafrost thaws.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Recent global warming has caused mountain glaciers and the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica to melt and global sea level to rise.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The rate of the decline in entire Arctic ice coverage is accelerating.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Increasing rates of ice mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets revealed by GRACE".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global climate change and fluctuation is causing an increasingly exponential melting of Earth's glaciers.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The rate of ice loss from glaciers and ice sheets in the Antarctic is a key area of uncertainty since this source could account for 90% of the potential sea level rise: increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, potentially resulting in more rapid sea level rise.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: As the Greenland ice sheet loses mass from calving of icebergs as well as by melting of ice, any such processes tend to accelerate the loss of the ice sheet.
Claim: "...there has been no increase in the global average surface temperature for the past 16 years" (Judith Curry and David Rose)

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Our results show that the observed rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen after 1985 cannot be ascribed to solar variability, whichever of the mechanisms is invoked and no matter how much the solar variation is amplified.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: From 1961 to 2003, the global ocean temperature has risen by 0.10 °C from the surface to a depth of 700 m. There is variability both year-to-year and over longer time scales, with global ocean heat content observations showing high rates of warming for 1991 to 2003, but some cooling from 2003 to 2007.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Estimating Changes in Global Temperature since the Preindustrial Period".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The warming has not been globally uniform.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.
Claim: “In 2013 the level of U.S. farm output was about 2.7 times its 1948 level, and productivity was growing at an average annual rate of 1.52%.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Despite the recession, it was still at 2.79% in 2012 and will slide only marginally to 2.73% in 2013, according to provisional data, and should remain at a similar level in 2014.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: It grew 3.0% per year on average in the 1960s, 2.1% in the 1970s, 2.4% in the 1980s, 2.2% in the 1990s, 0.7% in the 2000s, and 0.9% from 2010 to 2017.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: GDP per employed person increased at an average 1.5% rate during the Reagan administration, compared to an average 0.6% during the preceding eight years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Private sector productivity growth, measured as real output per hour of all persons, increased at an average rate of 1.9% during Reagan's eight years, compared to an average 1.3% during the preceding eight years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: This forecast assumes real GDP growth would be 1.4% in 2013 and 2.5% in 2014.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: U.S. agriculture has doubled farm energy efficiency in the last 25 years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The overall increase in rice production throughout the 1980s was the result of higher productivity per hectare, rather than of an increase in the land area planted in rice ; in fact, the area planted in rice decreased during the 1980s, from 732,000 hectares in 1980 to 657,000 hectares in 1990.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $ 52,100.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $ 52,100.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $ 52,100.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $ 52,100.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $ 52,100.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $ 52,100.
Claim: Most people expect this year will see a record low in the Arctic’s summer sea-ice cover.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "Nonetheless, the extreme loss of this summer’s sea ice cover and the slow onset of freeze-up portends lower than normal ice extent throughout autumn and winter, and the ice that grows back is likely to be fairly thin".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "Absurd January Warmth in Arctic Brings Record-Low Sea Ice Extent".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The previous record of the lowest area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice in 2012 saw a low of 1.58 million square miles (4.09 million square kilometers).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The Arctic sea ice minimum is the day in a given year when Arctic sea ice reaches its smallest extent, occurring at the end of the summer melting season, normally during September.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low—Extreme Weather to Come?".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent for the year and the satellite record" (Press release).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Arctic sea ice extent ice hit an all-time low in September 2012, when the ice was determined to cover only 24% of the Arctic Ocean, offsetting the previous low of 29% in 2007.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Arctic sea ice September minimum extent (i.e., area with at least 15% sea ice coverage) reached new record lows in 2002, 2005, 2007, and 2012.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Record Arctic sea ice minimum confirmed by NSIDC".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In the Arctic, the area of ocean covered by sea ice increases over winter from a minimum in September to a maximum in March or sometimes February, before melting over the summer.
Claim: The oceans have absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 700 meters (about 2,300 feet) of ocean showing warming of more than 0.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In another study, results estimate the heat content of the ocean in the upper 700 meters has increased significantly from 1955–2010.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: From 1961 to 2003, the global ocean temperature has risen by 0.10 °C from the surface to a depth of 700 m. There is variability both year-to-year and over longer time scales, with global ocean heat content observations showing high rates of warming for 1991 to 2003, but some cooling from 2003 to 2007.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report estimates that the upper ocean (surface to 750 m deep) has warmed by 0.09 to 0.13 degrees C per decade over the past 40 years.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Although the most common measure of global warming is the increase in the near-surface atmospheric temperature, over 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate system over the last 50 years has warmed ocean water.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Earth's heat content is about .

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global warming is projected to have a number of effects on the oceans.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The warming has not been globally uniform.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level."
Claim: UAH atmospheric temperatures prove climate models and/or surface temperature data sets are wrong.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: We have found that climate models and popular surface temperature data sets overstate the changes in the real atmosphere and that actual changes are not alarming."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Globally, most climate models used by the IPCC in preparation of their third assessment in 2007 show a slightly greater warming at the TLT level than at the surface (0.03 °C/decade difference) for 1979–1999 while the GISS trend is +0.161 °C/decade for 1979 to 2012, the lower troposphere trends calculated from satellite data by UAH and RSS are +0.130 °C/decade and +0.206 °C/decade.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Specifically, surface data showed substantial global-average warming, while early versions of satellite and radiosonde data showed little or no warming above the surface.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In comparing these measurements to surface temperature models, it is important to note that values for the lower troposphere measurements taken by the MSU are a weighted average of temperatures over multiple altitudes (roughly 0 to 12 km), and not a surface temperature (as seen in figure above).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The results are thus not precisely comparable to surface temperature records or models.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Climate data: Air temperature, Soil temperature
Claim: Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes."

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "Great Lakes water levels reaching record lows".

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "More recently, evaporation over lakes has steadily been increasing, largely due to increases in water surface temperature," Gronewold said.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: "Climate change is lowering Great Lakes water levels.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: In 2013, record low water levels in the Great Lakes were attributed to climate change.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Current Great Lakes Water Levels.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Uneven distributions of increased temperatures and increased precipitation around the globe results in water surpluses and deficits, but a global decrease in groundwater suggests a rise in sea level, even after meltwater and thermal expansion were accounted for, which can provide a positive feedback to the problems sea-level rise causes to fresh-water supply.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Evaporation is an important part of the water cycle.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: There is evidence of reduction of biomass in Saskatchewan 's boreal forests (as with those of other Canadian prairie provinces) that is linked by researchers to drought-related water stress stemming from global warming, most likely caused by greenhouse gas emissions.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Scientists have found evidence that increased evaporation could result in more extreme weather as global warming progresses.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Global warming is the greatest cause of impact to the environment.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: One theory is that the climate may reach a "tipping point" where positive feedback effects lead to runaway global warming; such feedbacks include decreased reflection of solar radiation as sea ice melts, exposing darker seawater, and the potential release of large volumes of methane from thawing permafrost.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: About 60.5 mya at the Danian/Selandian boundary, there is evidence of anoxia spreading out into coastal waters, and a drop in sea levels which is most likely explained as an increase in temperature and evaporation, as there was no ice at the poles to lock up water.
Claim: The Rio Grande is a classic “feast or famine” river, with a dry year or two typically followed by a couple of wet years that allow for recovery.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Because of both drought and overuse, the section from El Paso downstream through Ojinaga was recently tagged "The Forgotten River" by those wishing to bring attention to the river's deteriorated condition.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Rio Grande ([ˈriːoʊ_ˈɡrænd] or [ˈriːoʊ_ˈɡrɑːndɛ] Río Bravo del Norte, [ˈri.o ˈβɾaβo ðel ˈnorte] or simply Río Bravo) is one of the principal rivers in the southwest United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Colorado River).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Rio Salado (New Mexico), United States, a tributary of the Rio Grande

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Santa Fe River is a tributary of the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Major tributaries of the Rio Grande are :

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Middle Rio Grande Basin, a hydrological basin in central New Mexico

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: It was formerly known as the Rio del Norte.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: It is represented as a river.
Claim: In Alaska, already, researchers have discovered remnants of the 1918 flu that infected as many as 500 million and killed as many as 100 million”

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: It infected 500 million people around the world, or about 27% of the then world population of about 1.8 billion, including people on remote Pacific islands and in the Arctic.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: The death toll is estimated to have been 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million (about 3 to 6 percent of Earth's population at the time), making it one of the deadliest epidemics in human history.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 1
Passage: Older estimates say it killed 40–50 million people, while current estimates put the death toll at probably 50 million (less than 3% of the global population), and possibly as high as 100 million (more than 5%).

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: GAS infections can cause > 500,000 deaths per year.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: In Argentina, seasonal flu outbreaks kill about 4,000 people each year, equivalent to a rate of 10 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: More than 830,000 people died.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Archaeological evidence indicates that the death of around 90% of the Native American population of the New World was caused by Old World diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: During epidemics the incidence of meningococcal disease approaches 100 per 100,000.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The Tse-Tse Fly and Sleeping Sickness (1908)

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment is a 2007 Russian publication that concludes that there were 985,000 premature deaths as a consequence of the radioactivity released.

Relevance (1 = gold evidence, 0 = mined hard negative): 0
Passage: The 1976 swine flu outbreak, also known as the swine flu fiasco, or the swine flu debacle, was a strain of H1N1 influenza virus that appeared in 1976.