SEC EDGAR Filing

Company: EMERSON ELECTRIC CO
CIK: 32604
Filing Type: 10-K
Filing Date: 2022-11-14
Period of Report: 2022-09-30
SIC Code: 3600
State of Incorporation: MO
State of Location: MO
Fiscal Year End: 930

Filename: 32604_10K_2022_0000032604-22-000041.htm
Filing Index: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/32604/0000032604-22-000041-index.html
HTM Filing Link: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/32604/000003260422000041/emr-20220930.htm
Complete Text Filing Link: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/32604/0000032604-22-000041.txt

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Item 1. Business
ITEM 1 - BUSINESS
Emerson (“the Company”) is a global leader that designs and manufactures products and delivers services that bring technology and engineering together to provide innovative solutions for customers in a wide range of industrial, commercial and consumer markets around the world. Our purpose is to drive innovation that makes the world healthier, safer, smarter and more sustainable. Sales by geographic destination in 2022 were: the Americas, 56 percent; Asia, Middle East & Africa, 28 percent (China, 12 percent); and Europe, 16 percent.
Portfolio management is an integral component of Emerson's growth and value creation strategy. Over the past 18 months, Emerson has taken significant actions to accelerate the transformation of its portfolio through the completion of strategic acquisitions and divestitures of non-core businesses. These actions were undertaken to create a higher growth and cohesive industrial technology portfolio as a global automation leader serving a diversified set of end markets with differentiated capabilities in intelligent devices and software. The Company’s recent portfolio actions include the following transactions.
•On October 31, 2022, the Company announced an agreement to sell a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business (which constitutes the Climate Technologies segment, excluding Therm-O-Disc which was divested earlier in fiscal 2022) to private equity funds managed by Blackstone ("Blackstone") in a transaction valued at $14.0 billion. Emerson will receive upfront, pre-tax cash proceeds of approximately $9.5 billion and a note of $2.25 billion at close, while retaining a 45 percent non-controlling common equity ownership interest in a new standalone joint venture between Emerson and Blackstone. The Climate Technologies business, which includes the Copeland compressor business and the entire portfolio of products and services across all residential and commercial HVAC and refrigeration end-markets, had fiscal 2022 net sales of approximately $5.0 billion. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of calendar year 2023, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions. Please refer to our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 31, 2022, for additional information.
•On October 31, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its InSinkErator business, which manufactures food waste disposers, to Whirlpool Corporation for $3.0 billion. This business had fiscal 2022 net sales of $630 million and is reported in the Tools & Home Products segment.
•On May 16, 2022, the Company completed the combination of two of its stand-alone industrial software businesses, Open Systems International, Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business (collectively, the “Emerson Industrial Software Business”) with Aspen Technology, Inc. (“Heritage AspenTech”) to create “New AspenTech”, a diversified, high-performance industrial software leader with greater scale, capabilities and technologies (hereinafter referred to as "AspenTech"). The Company contributed the Emerson Industrial Software Business and $6.0 billion in cash to Heritage AspenTech stockholders and upon closing of the transaction owned 55 percent of the outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock (on a fully diluted basis). On a pro forma basis, AspenTech had fiscal 2022 net sales of $1.1 billion.
•On July 27, 2022, AspenTech entered into an agreement to acquire Micromine, a global leader in design and operational solutions for the mining industry, for AU $900 (approximately $623 USD based on exchange rates when the transaction was announced). The transaction is expected to close by the end of calendar 2022, subject to various regulatory approvals.
•On May 31, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its Therm-O-Disc sensing and protection technologies business, which was reported in the Climate Technologies segment, to an affiliate of One Rock Capital Partners, LLC.
Further information regarding acquisition and divestiture activity is set forth in Note 4.
For fiscal year 2022, the Company reported four segments: Automation Solutions; AspenTech; and Climate Technologies and Tools & Home Products, which together comprise the Commercial & Residential Solutions business. A summary of the Company's businesses is described below.
•Automation Solutions - enables process, hybrid and discrete manufacturers to maximize production, protect personnel and the environment, and optimize their energy efficiency and operating costs through a broad
offering of products and integrated solutions, including measurement and analytical instrumentation, industrial valves and equipment, and process control software and systems.
•AspenTech - provides asset optimization software that enables industrial manufacturers to design, operate, and maintain their operations for maximum performance, creating value through improved operational efficiency and productivity, reduced downtime and safety risks, and minimizing energy consumption and emissions.
•Commercial & Residential Solutions - provides products and solutions that promote energy efficiency and sustainability, enhance household and commercial comfort, and protect food quality and sustainability through heating, air conditioning and refrigeration technology, as well as a broad range of tools that promote safety and productivity.
The Company sells products and solutions that support customers in a variety of end markets. Overall, sales by end market were as follows: Commercial, 19 percent; residential, 16 percent; energy, 15 percent; chemical, 10 percent; power & renewables, 9 percent; general industries, 9 percent; discrete, 8 percent; hybrid, 6 percent; other, 8 percent.
Emerson was incorporated in Missouri in 1890 and has evolved through internal growth and strategic acquisitions. Management has a well-established set of operating mechanisms to manage its business performance and set strategy. The Company also has processes undertaken by management with oversight from the Board of Directors to specifically focus on risks in areas such as cybersecurity, compliance, legal, environmental, financial and reputational, among others. The Company periodically updates, assesses, and monitors its risk exposures, provides timely updates to the Board, and takes actions to mitigate these risks.
All Note references in this document refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which notes are hereby incorporated by reference. See also

Item 1A. Risk Factors
ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully consider, among other matters, the factors set forth below and the other information in this report. The Company’s risk factors set forth below are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to management or that management currently deems immaterial also may materially, adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition or operating results. We may amend or supplement the risk factors set forth below from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC.
Business and Operational Risks
We Operate in Businesses That Are Subject to Competitive Pressures That Could Affect Prices or Demand for Our Products
Our businesses operate in markets that are highly competitive and potentially volatile, and we compete on the basis of product performance, quality, service and/or price across the industries and markets served. Our businesses are largely dependent on the current and future business environment, including capital and consumer spending. A significant element of our competitive strategy is to deliver solutions to our customers by manufacturing high-quality products at the best relevant global cost. Various companies compete with us in one or more product lines and the number of competitors varies by product line. Some of our competitors have substantially greater sales, assets and financial resources than our Company and we also compete with many smaller companies. Competitive pressures could adversely affect prices or customer demand for our products, impacting our sales or profit margins, and/or resulting in a loss of market share.
Our Operating Results Depend in Part on Continued Successful Research, Development and Marketing of New and/or Improved Products and Services, and There Can Be No Assurance That We Will Continue to Successfully Introduce New Products and Services
The success of new and improved products and services depends on their initial and continued acceptance by our customers. Our businesses are affected by varying degrees of technological change and corresponding shifts in customer demand, which result in unpredictable product transitions, shortened life cycles and increased importance of being first to market with new products and services. We may experience difficulties or delays in the research, development, production and/or marketing of new products and services which may negatively impact our operating results and prevent us from recouping or realizing a return on the investments required to continue to bring new products and services to market.
We must anticipate and respond to market and technological changes driven by broader trends such as decarbonization and electrification efforts in response to climate change. Market growth from the use of cleaner energy sources, as well as emissions management, energy efficiency, lower greenhouse gas refrigerant usage, and decarbonization efforts are likely to depend in part on technologies not yet deployed or widely adopted today. We may not adequately innovate or position our businesses for the adoption of technologies such as battery storage solutions, hydrogen use cases in industry, mobility, and power generation, enhanced electrical grid demand management, carbon capture and sequestration or advanced nuclear power.
These trends and the relative competitiveness of our product and service offerings will continue to be impacted by uncertain factors such as the pace of technological developments and related cost considerations, the levels of economic growth in different markets around the world and the adoption of climate change-related policies such as carbon taxes, greenhouse gas emission reductions, incentives or mandates for particular types of energy, or policies that impact the availability of financing for certain types of projects.
If We Are Unable to Defend or Protect Our Intellectual Property Rights, the Company's Competitive Position Could Be Adversely Affected
The Company's intellectual property rights are important to its business and include numerous patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and other confidential information. This intellectual property may be subject to challenge, infringement, invalidation or circumvention by third parties. Despite extensive security measures, our intellectual property may be subject to misappropriation through unauthorized access of our information technology systems, employee theft, or other acts of industrial espionage. Should the Company be unable to adequately defend or protect its intellectual property, it may suffer competitive harm.
We Engage in Acquisitions and Divestitures, Which Are Subject to Domestic and Foreign Regulatory Requirements, and May Encounter Difficulties in Integrating and Separating These Businesses and Therefore We May Not Realize the Anticipated Benefits
We regularly seek growth through strategic acquisitions as well as evaluate our portfolio for potential divestitures. These activities require favorable environments to execute these transactions, and we may encounter difficulties in obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals in both domestic and foreign jurisdictions. In 2022 and in past years, we have made various acquisitions, including our majority stake in Aspen Technology, Inc., and entered into joint venture arrangements intended to complement or expand our business, and may continue to do so in the future. The success of these transactions will depend on our ability to integrate assets and personnel acquired in these transactions and to cooperate with our strategic partners. We may encounter difficulties in integrating acquisitions with our operations as well as separating divested businesses, and in managing strategic investments. Furthermore, we may not realize the degree, or timing, of benefits we anticipate when we first enter into a transaction. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our Planned Sale of a Majority Stake in the Climate Technologies Business May Not Be Completed Within the Currently Contemplated Time Frame, With the Expected Terms or Costs, and May Not Achieve the Intended Benefits
We make no assurance regarding the terms, timing, costs or benefits anticipated from the planned sale of a majority stake in the Climate Technologies Business. Unforeseen developments, including possible delays in obtaining various tax, regulatory and other approvals, could delay the proposed transaction, or cause it to occur on terms and conditions that are less favorable, or at a higher cost, than expected.
Further, we may not realize some or all of the anticipated strategic, financial or other benefits of the planned sale. Moreover, after the transaction is completed, the Company will be smaller and less diversified, with a narrower business focus, including a focus on software, innovation and disruptive technologies, and may encounter more volatility and be more vulnerable to changing market conditions, which could adversely affect our business. We also may not be able to redeploy the net proceeds from our divestitures on the timing or with the benefits anticipated.
We Use a Variety of Raw Materials and Components in Our Businesses, and Significant Shortages or Price Increases Could Increase Our Operating Costs and Adversely Impact the Competitive Positions of Our Products
Our major requirements for raw materials include steel, copper, cast iron, electronics, rare earth metals, aluminum, brass and, to a lesser extent, plastics and petroleum-based chemicals. The Company seeks multiple sources of supply for each of its major requirements in order to avoid significant dependence on any one or a few suppliers. However, the supply of materials or other items could be disrupted by natural disasters, a health epidemic or pandemic, or other events. Significant shortages or price increases could impact the prices our affected businesses charge, their operating costs and the competitive position of their products and services, which could adversely affect our results of operations. While we monitor market prices of the commodities we require and attempt to mitigate price exposure through hedging activities, this risk could adversely affect our operating results.
Our Operations Depend on Production Facilities Throughout the World, a Majority of Which Are Located Outside the United States and Subject to Increased Risks of Disrupted Production, Causing Delays in Shipments and Loss of Customers and Revenue
We manage businesses with manufacturing facilities worldwide, a majority of which are located outside the United States, and also source certain materials globally. Emerging market sales represent over one-third of total sales and serving a global customer base requires that we place more materials sourcing and production in emerging markets to capitalize on market opportunities and maintain a best-cost position. Our and our suppliers’ non-U.S. production facilities and operations could be disrupted by weather and natural disaster (including the potential effects of climate change), labor strife, war (including the Russia-Ukraine conflict), political unrest, terrorist activity or public health concerns such as an epidemic or pandemic, particularly in emerging countries that are not well-equipped to handle such occurrences.
Our manufacturing facilities abroad are dependent on the stability of governments and business conditions and may be more susceptible to changes in laws, policies and regulations in host countries, as well as economic and political upheaval, than our domestic facilities. These facilities face increased risks of nationalization as well as operational disruptions which could cause delays in shipments of products and the loss of sales and customers, and insurance proceeds may not adequately compensate us.
Access to Funding Through the Capital Markets is Essential to the Execution of Our Business Plan, and if We Are Unable to Maintain Such Access We Could Experience a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business and Financial Results
Our ability to invest in our businesses, make strategic acquisitions and refinance maturing debt obligations requires access to the capital markets and sufficient bank credit lines to support short-term borrowings. Volatility in the capital markets may increase costs associated with issuing commercial paper or other debt instruments, or affect the Company’s ability to access those markets. If we are unable to continue to access the capital markets, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Additionally, if our customers, suppliers or financial institutions are unable to access the capital markets to meet their commitments to the Company, our business could be adversely impacted.
Our Business Success Depends on the Ability to Attract, Develop and Retain Key Personnel
Our success depends in part on the efforts and abilities of our management and key employees. Their skills, experience and industry knowledge significantly benefit our operations and performance. The failure to attract, develop and retain highly qualified personnel could adversely affect our ability to succeed in our human capital goals and priorities as well as negatively impact our business and operating results.
Security and/or Data Privacy Breaches, or Disruptions of Our Information Technology Systems Could Adversely Affect Our Business
The Company relies on information technology networks and systems, including the internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities. These technology networks and systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components; power outages; telecommunications or system failures; terrorist attacks; natural disasters; employee error or malfeasance; server or cloud provider breaches; and computer viruses or cyberattacks. Cybersecurity threats and incidents can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to information technology networks and systems to more sophisticated and targeted measures, known as advanced persistent threats, directed at the Company, its products, its customers and/or its third-party service providers. Despite the implementation of cybersecurity measures (including access controls, data encryption, vulnerability assessments, continuous monitoring, and maintenance of backup and protective systems), the Company’s information technology systems may still be vulnerable to cybersecurity threats and other electronic security breaches. It is possible for such vulnerabilities to remain undetected for an extended period. In addition, it is possible a security breach could result in theft of trade secrets or other intellectual property or disclosure of confidential customer, supplier or employee information. Should the Company be unable to prevent security breaches or other damage to our information technology systems, disruptions could have an adverse effect on our operations, as well as expose the Company to litigation, liability or penalties under privacy laws, increased cybersecurity protection costs, reputational damage and product failure. In addition, we must comply with increasingly complex and rigorous regulatory standards enacted to protect business and personal data in the U.S. and elsewhere. Compliance with privacy and localization laws and regulations increases operational complexity. Failure to comply with these regulatory standards could subject us to fines and penalties, as well as legal and reputational risks, including proceedings against the Company by governmental entities or others.
Our Products and Services are Highly Sophisticated and Specialized, and a Major Product Failure or Similar Event Caused by Defects, Cybersecurity Incidents or Other Failures, Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Reputation, Financial Position and Results of Operations
We produce highly sophisticated products and provide specialized services that incorporate or use complex or leading-edge technology, including both hardware and software. Many of our products and services, including measurement and analytical instrumentation, industrial valves and equipment, and process control systems, are integrated and used in complex process, hybrid and discrete manufacturing environments. As a result, the impact of a catastrophic product failure or similar event could be significant. While we have built operational processes to ensure that our product design, manufacture, performance and servicing meet rigorous quality standards, there can be no assurance that we or our customers or other third parties will not experience operational process or product failures and other problems, including through manufacturing or design defects, process or other failures of contractors or third-party suppliers, cybersecurity incidents or other intentional acts, that could result in potential product, safety, regulatory or environmental risks. Cybersecurity incidents aimed at the software embedded in our products could lead to third-party claims resulting from damages caused by our product failures, and this risk is enhanced by the increasingly connected nature of our products. The potential consequences of a material cybersecurity incident include financial loss, reputational damage, litigation with third parties, diminution in the value of our investment in research, development and engineering, and increased cybersecurity protection and remediation costs due to the increasing sophistication and proliferation of threats, which in turn could adversely affect our competitiveness and results of operations.
Industry and General Economic Risks
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Has Adversely Impacted our Business and Could in the Future Have a Material Adverse Impact on our Business, Results of Operation, Financial Condition and Liquidity, the Nature and Extent of Which is Highly Uncertain
The global outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has significantly increased economic, demand and operational uncertainty. We have global operations, customers and suppliers, including in countries most impacted by COVID-19. Authorities around the world have taken a variety of measures to slow the spread of COVID-19, including travel bans or restrictions, increased border controls or closures, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and business shutdowns (particularly in China where shutdowns continue) and such authorities may impose additional restrictions. We have also taken actions to protect our employees and to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Evolving
government plans around the world create uncertainty that may impact our employees and result in labor shortages and unforeseen costs, which could negatively affect our results. These actions have and may continue to impact our employees, customers and suppliers, and future developments could cause further disruptions to Emerson due to the interconnected nature of our business relationships.
The impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and our customers, as well as volatility in commodity markets (including oil prices) could result in further disruptions to our manufacturing operations, including higher rates of employee absenteeism, and supply chain, which could continue to negatively impact our ability to meet customer demand. Additionally, the potential deterioration and volatility of credit and financial markets could limit our ability to obtain external financing. The extent to which COVID-19 will impact our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity is highly uncertain and will depend on future developments, including the spread and duration of the virus and any variants, potential actions taken by governmental authorities, and how quickly economic conditions stabilize and recover.
Our Substantial Sales Both in the U.S. and Abroad Subject Us to Economic Risk as Our Results of Operations May Be Adversely Affected by Changes in Government Regulations and Policies and Currency Fluctuations
We sell, manufacture, engineer and purchase products globally, with significant sales in both mature and emerging markets. We expect sales in non-U.S. markets to continue to represent a significant portion of our total sales. Our U.S. and international operations subject the Company to changes in government regulations and policies in a large number of jurisdictions around the world, including those related to trade, investments, taxation, exchange controls and repatriation of earnings. Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of foreign trade, trade restrictions or barriers, tariffs or taxes, trade protection measures, and retaliatory countermeasures, including on imports from countries where we manufacture products, could adversely impact our business and financial results. In addition, changes in the relative values of currencies occur from time to time and have affected our operating results and could do so in the future. While we monitor our exchange rate exposures and attempt to mitigate this exposure through hedging activities, this risk could adversely affect our operating results.
Recessions, Adverse Market Conditions or Downturns in End Markets We Serve May Negatively Affect Our Operations
In the past, our operations have been exposed to significant volatility due to changes in general economic conditions or consumer preferences, recessions or adverse conditions in the end markets we serve. In the future, similar changes could adversely impact overall sales, operating results (including potential impairment charges for goodwill or other long-lived assets) and cash flows. Moreover, during economic downturns we may undertake more extensive restructuring actions, including workforce reductions, global facility consolidations, centralization of certain business support activities, and other cost reduction initiatives, and incur higher costs. As these plans and actions can be complex, the anticipated operational improvements, efficiencies and other benefits might be delayed or not realized.
Legal and Regulatory Risks
Changes in Tax Rates, Laws or Regulations and the Resolution of Tax Disputes Could Adversely Impact Our Financial Results
As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the U.S. and numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required to determine our consolidated income tax provision and related liabilities. The Company’s effective tax rate, cash flows and operating results could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with different statutory tax rates, as well as by changes in the local tax laws and regulations, or the interpretations thereof. In addition, the Company’s tax returns are subject to regular review and audit by U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities. While we believe our tax provisions are appropriate, the final outcome of tax audits or disputes could result in adjustments to the Company’s tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our financial results.
Our Reputation, Ability To Do Business and Results of Operations Could Be Impaired By Improper Conduct By Any of Our Employees, Agents or Business Partners
We are subject to regulation under a wide variety of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies, including laws related to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, export and import compliance, anti-trust and money laundering, due to our global operations. In particular, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act
and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, and we operate in many parts of the world that have experienced government corruption to some degree. We cannot provide assurance our internal controls will always protect us from the improper conduct of our employees, agents and business partners. Any such violation of law or improper actions could subject us to civil or criminal investigations in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, could lead to substantial civil or criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties and related shareholder lawsuits, could lead to increased costs of compliance and could damage our reputation, our business and results of operations.
We Are Subject to Litigation and Environmental Regulations That Could Adversely Impact Our Operating Results
We are, and may in the future be, a party to a number of legal proceedings and claims, including those involving intellectual property, product liability (including asbestos) and environmental matters, several of which claim, or may in the future claim, significant damages. Given the inherent uncertainty of litigation, we can offer no assurance that existing litigation or a future adverse development will not have a material adverse impact. We also are subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and the discharge of materials into the environment, and we could incur substantial costs as a result of the noncompliance with or liability for cleanup or other costs or damages under environmental laws. In addition, increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change may result in more international, federal, and/or state or other stakeholder requirements or expectations that could result in more restrictive or expansive standards, such as stricter limits on greenhouse gas emissions or more prescriptive reporting of environmental, social, and governance metrics. There continues to be a lack of consistent climate change legislation and standards, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty. While the Company has adopted certain voluntary targets, environmental laws, regulations or standards may be changed, accelerated or adopted and impose significant operational restrictions and compliance requirements upon the Company, its products or customers, which could negatively impact the Company’s business, capital expenditures, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position.
Increasing Interest and Expectations with Respect to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Matters by Our Various Stakeholders Could Adversely Affect Our Business and Operating Results
In response to growing customer, investor, employee, governmental, and other stakeholder interest in our ESG practices, we have increased reporting of our ESG programs and performance and have established and announced our aspirational purpose, causes, values, and related commitments, goals or targets, including those regarding sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions, our net zero ambition, and diversity, equity and inclusion. Our ability to achieve such goals and aspirations is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which rely on the collective efforts of others or may be outside of our control. Such risks include, among others, the availability and adoption of new or additional technologies that reduce carbon or eliminate energy sources on a commercially reasonable basis, competing and evolving economic, policy and regulatory factors, the ability of suppliers and others to meet our sustainability, diversity and other goals, the availability of qualified candidates in our labor markets and our ability to recruit and retain diverse talent, and customer engagement in our goals. There may be times where actual outcomes vary from those aimed for or expected and sometimes challenges may delay or block progress. As a result, we cannot offer assurances that the results reflected or implied by any such statements will be realized or achieved. Moreover, standards and expectations for ESG matters continue to evolve and may be subject to varying interpretations, which may result in significant revisions to our goals or progress. In addition, certain of our product offerings may become less attractive as standards evolve. A failure or perceived failure to meet our aspirational purpose, causes, values, and related commitments, goals or targets within the timelines we announce, or at all, or a failure or perceived failure to meet evolving stakeholders expectations and standards, could damage our reputation, adversely affect employee retention or engagement or support from our various stakeholders and could subject us to government enforcement actions or penalties and private litigation. Such outcomes could negatively impact the Company’s business, capital expenditures, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
ITEM 1B - UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

Item 2. Properties
ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES
At September 30, 2022, the Company had approximately 160 manufacturing locations worldwide, of which approximately 50 were located in the United States and 110 were located outside the United States, primarily in Europe and Asia, and to a lesser extent in Canada and Latin America. Manufacturing locations by business are: Automation Solutions, 120 and Commercial & Residential Solutions, 40, including 30 in the Climate Technologies segment and 10 in the Tools & Home Products segment. The majority of the locations are owned, with the remainder occupied under lease. The Company considers its facilities suitable and adequate for the purposes for which they are used. The Company also maintains a smaller number of administrative, sales, research and development, and distribution facilities.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings
ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal proceedings, some of which claim substantial amounts of damages. It is not possible to predict the outcome of these matters, but historically the Company has been largely successful in both prosecuting and defending claims and lawsuits.
Given the uncertainties of litigation, a remote possibility exists that litigation could have a material adverse impact on the Company; however, the Company believes a material adverse impact of any pending litigation is unlikely.
Information regarding legal proceedings is set forth in Note 13.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
ITEM 4 - MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following sets forth certain information as of November 14, 2022, with respect to the Company's executive officers. The Fiscal Year column indicates the first year the executive served as an officer of the Company. These officers have been elected or appointed to terms which expire February 7, 2023:
Name Position Age Fiscal Year
S. L. Karsanbhai President and Chief Executive Officer 53 2002
F. J. Dellaquila Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 65 1991
R. R. Krishnan
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
51 2005
M. J. Bulanda Executive President - Automation Solutions 56 2002
J. P. Froedge Executive President - Commercial & Residential Solutions 47 2013
S. Y. Bosco Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel 64 2005
K. Button Bell Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer 64 1999
L. A. Flavin Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer 57 2001
M. H. Train Senior Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer 60 1994
E. M. Adefioye Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer
54 2021
M. J. Baughman Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer 57 2018
There are no family relationships among any of the executive officers and directors.
Lal Karsanbhai has been Chief Executive Officer since February 2021 and President since March 2021. Prior to his current position, Mr. Karsanbhai was Executive President - Automation Solutions from October 2018 through January 2021, President - Measurement & Analytical from 2016 through September 2018, and President Emerson Network Power Europe, Middle East and Africa from 2014 through 2016.
Frank J. Dellaquila was appointed Senior Executive Vice President in November 2016, Executive Vice President in November 2012 and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in February 2010.
Ram R. Krishnan was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in February 2021. Prior to his current position, Mr. Krishnan was President Final Control from November 2017 to February 2021, Chief Operating Officer Final Control from January 2017 to November 2017, and President Flow Solutions from 2016 through January 2017.
Mark J. Bulanda was appointed Executive President - Automation Solutions in February 2021. Prior to his current position, Mr. Bulanda was Senior Vice President from November 2016 through February 2021, Vice President - Acquisition Planning and Development from May 2016 through November 2016 and Executive Vice President - Emerson Industrial Automation from 2012 through May 2016.
James P. Froedge was appointed Executive President - Commercial & Residential Solutions in August 2020. Prior to his current position, Mr. Froedge was President - Automation Solutions Asia Pacific from 2018 through August 2020, President - Process Systems and Solutions from 2016 through 2018, Vice President - Acquisition Planning and Development from 2013 through 2016 and in Acquisition Planning from 2012 through 2013.
Sara Y. Bosco was appointed to the position of Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel in May 2016. Prior to her current position, Ms. Bosco was President, Emerson Asia-Pacific from 2008 through May 2016.
Katherine Button Bell was appointed Senior Vice President in November 2016 and Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer in 1999.
Lisa A. Flavin was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer in March 2021. Prior to her current position, Ms. Flavin was Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer from February 2019 through March 2021 and Vice President, Audit and Chief Compliance Officer from February 2015 through February 2019.
Michael H. Train was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer in March 2021. Prior to that, Mr. Train was President from October 2018 to March 2021 and Executive President - Automation Solutions from October 2016 through October 2018, Executive Vice President - Automation Solutions from May 2016 through October 2016 and President of Global Sales for Emerson Process Management from 2010 through May 2016.
Elizabeth M. Adefioye was appointed Senior Vice President in February 2022 and Chief People Officer in August 2021. Prior to that, beginning in 2018, Ms. Adefioye was Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Ingredion Incorporated, a global ingredients solutions provider, and Vice President Human Resources, North America and Global Specialties of Ingredion, from September 2016 through March 2018, and Vice President Human Resources Americas of Janssen Pharmaceutical, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, from June 2015 to September 2016.
Michael J. Baughman was appointed Chief Accounting Officer in February 2018, and Vice President and Controller in October 2017. Prior to that Mr. Baughman was Vice President, Finance, Global Operations, Quality, and Research and Development of Baxter International Inc., a global healthcare products company, from 2015 through September 2017, and Vice President, Finance, Medical Products of Baxter from 2013 to 2015.
PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity
ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Information regarding the market for the Company's common stock and dividend payments is set forth in Note 20 and is hereby incorporated by reference. There were approximately 15,900 stockholders of record at September 30, 2022.
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased
(000s) Average Price
Paid per Share Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (000s) Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs (000s)
July 2022
884 $79.33 884 54,540
August 2022
- - - 54,540
September 2022
- - - 54,540
Total 884 $79.33 884 54,540
In November 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 70 million shares, and during fiscal 2022, the remaining shares available under this authorization were purchased. In March 2020, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of an additional 60 million shares and a total of approximately 55 million shares remain available.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data
ITEM 6 [RESERVED]

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Safe Harbor Statement
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various forward-looking statements and includes assumptions concerning Emerson's operations, future results and prospects. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Emerson undertakes no obligation to update any such statements to reflect later developments. In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Emerson provides the cautionary statements set forth under Item 1A - “Risk Factors,” which are hereby incorporated by reference and identify important economic, political and technological factors, among others, changes in which could cause the actual results or events to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by the forward-looking statements and related assumptions.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement the Company’s financial information presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP), management periodically uses certain “non-GAAP financial measures,” as such term is defined in Regulation G under SEC rules, to clarify and enhance understanding of past performance and prospects for the future. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are included in or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For example, non-GAAP measures may exclude the impact of certain items such as acquisitions or divestitures, amortization of intangibles, restructuring costs, discrete taxes, changes in reporting segments, gains, losses and impairments, or items outside of management’s control, such as foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Management believes that the following non-GAAP financial measures provide investors and analysts useful insight into the Company’s financial position and operating performance. Any non-GAAP measure provided should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to, the most directly comparable measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as identified in italics below. Further, the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the calculation of similarly titled financial measures presented by other companies and therefore may not be comparable among companies.
Underlying sales, which exclude the impact of acquisitions, divestitures and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates during the periods presented, are provided to facilitate relevant period-to-period comparisons of sales growth by excluding those items that impact overall comparability (U.S. GAAP measure: net sales).
Operating profit (defined as net sales less cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses) and operating profit margin (defined as operating profit divided by net sales) are indicative of short-term operational performance and ongoing profitability. Management closely monitors operating profit and operating profit margin of each business to evaluate past performance and actions required to improve profitability. EBIT (defined as earnings
before deductions for interest expense, net and income taxes) and total segment EBIT, and EBIT margin (defined as EBIT divided by net sales) and total segment EBIT margin, are financial measures that exclude the impact of financing on the capital structure and income taxes. Adjusted EBITA and adjusted segment EBITA (defined as earnings excluding interest expense, net, income taxes, intangibles amortization expense, restructuring expense, first year purchase accounting related items and transaction fees, and certain gains, losses or impairments) and adjusted EBITA margin and adjusted segment EBITA margin (defined as adjusted EBITA divided by net sales) are measures used by management to evaluate the Company's operational performance, as they exclude the impact of acquisition-related investments and non-operational items. EBITDA (defined as EBIT excluding depreciation and amortization) and EBITDA margin (defined as EBITDA divided by net sales) are also used as measures of the Company's current operating performance, as they exclude the impact of capital and acquisition-related investments. All of these are commonly used financial measures utilized by management to evaluate performance (U.S. GAAP measures: pretax earnings or pretax profit margin, segment earnings or segment margin).
Earnings, earnings per share, return on common stockholders’ equity and return on total capital excluding certain gains and losses, impairments, restructuring costs, impacts of acquisitions or divestitures, amortization of intangibles, discrete taxes, or other items provide additional insight into the underlying, ongoing operating performance of the Company and facilitate period-to-period comparisons by excluding the earnings impact of these items. Management believes that presenting earnings, earnings per share, return on common stockholders' equity and return on total capital excluding these items is more representative of the Company’s operational performance and may be more useful for investors (U.S. GAAP measures: earnings, earnings per share, return on common stockholders’ equity, return on total capital).
Free cash flow (operating cash flow less capital expenditures) and free cash flow as a percent of net sales are indicators of the Company’s cash generating capabilities, and dividends as a percent of free cash flow is an indicator of the Company's ability to support its dividend, after considering investments in capital assets which are necessary to maintain and enhance existing operations. The determination of operating cash flow adds back noncash depreciation expense to earnings and thereby does not reflect a charge for necessary capital expenditures. Management believes that free cash flow, free cash flow as a percent of net sales and dividends as a percent of free cash flow are useful to both management and investors as measures of the Company’s ability to generate cash and support its dividend (U.S. GAAP measures: operating cash flow, operating cash flow as a percent of net sales, dividends as a percent of operating cash flow).
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Report of Management
The Company's management is responsible for the integrity and accuracy of the financial statements. Management believes that the financial statements for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 2022 have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles appropriate in the circumstances. In preparing the financial statements, management makes informed judgments and estimates where necessary to reflect the expected effects of events and transactions that have not been completed. The Company's disclosure controls and procedures ensure that material information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and communicated to management and reported within the required time periods.
In meeting its responsibility for the reliability of the financial statements, management relies on a system of internal accounting controls. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and transactions are executed in accordance with management's authorization and recorded properly to permit the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Although the design of this system recognizes that errors or irregularities may occur, management believes that the Company's internal accounting controls provide reasonable assurance that errors or irregularities that could be material to the financial statements are prevented or would be detected within a timely period.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed solely of independent directors, is responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process. The Audit Committee meets with management and the Company's internal auditors periodically to review the work of each and to monitor the discharge by each of its responsibilities. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the independent auditors, who have free access to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, to discuss the quality and acceptability of the Company's financial reporting and internal controls, as well as nonaudit-related services.
The independent auditors are engaged to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Their opinions are based on procedures that they believe to be sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements contain no material errors and that the Company's internal controls are effective.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. With the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2022.
The Company acquired a controlling interest in Aspen Technology, Inc. during fiscal 2022, and management has excluded this business from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2022. Total assets and revenues of this business excluded from the assessment represented approximately 36 percent and 2 percent, respectively, of the Company's related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended September 30, 2022.
The Company's auditor, KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ S. L. Karsanbhai /s/ Frank J. Dellaquila
S. L. Karsanbhai Frank J. Dellaquila
President Senior Executive Vice President
and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Results of Operations
Years ended September 30
(Dollars in Item 7 are in millions, except per share amounts or where noted)
2020 2021 2022 21 vs. 20 22 vs. 21
Net sales $ 16,785 18,236 19,629 9 % 8 %
Gross profit $ 7,009 7,563 8,188 8 % 8 %
Percent of sales 41.8 % 41.5 % 41.7 % (0.3) pts 0.2 pts
SG&A $ 3,986 4,179 4,248
Percent of sales 23.8 % 22.9 % 21.6 % (0.9) pts (1.3) pts
Gain on subordinated interest $ - - (453)
Gain on sale of business $ - - (486)
Other deductions, net $ 532 318 601
Amortization of intangibles $ 239 300 357
Restructuring costs $ 284 150 86
Interest expense, net $ 156 154 193
Earnings before income taxes $ 2,335 2,912 4,085 25 % 40 %
Percent of sales 13.9 % 16.0 % 20.8 % 2.1 pts 4.8 pts
Net earnings common stockholders $ 1,965 2,303 3,231 17 % 40 %
Percent of sales 11.7 % 12.6 % 16.5 % 0.9 pts 3.9 pts
Diluted EPS $ 3.24 3.82 5.41 18 % 42 %
Return on common stockholders' equity 23.6 % 25.2 % 31.9 % 1.6 pts 6.7 pts
Return on total capital 16.8 % 18.1 % 20.4 % 1.3 pts 2.3 pts
OVERVIEW
Overall, sales for 2022 were $19.6 billion, up 8 percent compared with the prior year, reflecting strong growth across both platforms and favorable results across all geographies despite headwinds due to the impact of lockdowns in China and supply chain and logistics constraints.
Net earnings common stockholders were $3,231 in 2022, up 40 percent compared with prior year earnings of $2,303, and diluted earnings per share were $5.41, up 42 percent versus $3.82 per share in 2021. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $5.25 compared with $4.51 in the prior year, reflecting strong operating results and a $0.12 benefit related to the AspenTech acquisition.
The Company generated operating cash flow of $2.9 billion in 2022, a decrease of $653, or 18 percent, reflecting higher working capital due to increased sales and continued supply chain constraints.
The table below presents the Company's diluted earnings per share on an adjusted basis to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and provide additional insight into the underlying, ongoing operating performance of the Company. Adjusted diluted earnings per share excludes intangibles amortization expense, restructuring expense, first year purchase accounting related items and transaction and AspenTech pre-closing costs, and certain gains, losses or impairments.
2020 2021 2022
Diluted earnings per share $ 3.24 3.82 5.41
Restructuring and related costs 0.42 0.24 0.15
Amortization of intangibles 0.32 0.41 0.48
Gain on subordinated interest - - (0.60)
Gain on sale of business - - (0.72)
Russia business exit - - 0.32
Acquisition/divestiture costs and pre-acquisition interest on AspenTech debt - - 0.19
AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge - - 0.04
OSI first year acquisition accounting charges and fees - 0.07 -
Investment-related gains - (0.03) (0.02)
Discrete tax benefits (0.20) - -
Adjusted diluted earnings per share $ 3.78 4.51 5.25
The table below summarizes the changes in adjusted diluted earnings per share. The items identified below are discussed throughout MD&A, see further discussion above and in the Business Segments and Financial Position sections below.
2021 2022
Adjusted diluted earnings per share - prior year $ 3.78 4.51
Operations 0.68 0.56
AspenTech acquisition - 0.12
Stock compensation (0.16) 0.13
Pensions 0.05 0.04
Gains on sales of investments - prior year - (0.07)
Gains on sales of investments - current year 0.07 -
Gains on sales of capital assets - current year - 0.02
Foreign currency 0.09 (0.03)
Higher effective tax rate (0.02) (0.05)
Share repurchases/other 0.02 0.02
Adjusted diluted earnings per share - current year $ 4.51 5.25
NET SALES
Net sales for 2022 were $19.6 billion, an increase of $1.4 billion, or 8 percent compared with 2021. Sales increased $466 in Automation Solutions, $337 in AspenTech and $580 in Commercial & Residential Solutions. Underlying sales, which exclude foreign currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures, increased 9 percent on 4 percent higher volume and 5 percent higher price. The AspenTech acquisition added 2 percent, foreign currency translation deducted 2 percent and the Therm-O-Disc divestiture deducted 1 percent. Underlying sales increased 14 percent in the U.S. and 6 percent internationally.
Net sales for 2021 were $18.2 billion, an increase of $1.5 billion, or 9 percent compared with 2020. Sales increased $266 in Automation Solutions. $188 in AspenTech and $1,010 in Commercial & Residential Solutions. Underlying sales, which exclude foreign currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures, increased 5 percent on higher volume and slightly higher price. The Open Systems International Inc. ("OSI") acquisition added 1 percent and foreign currency translation added 3 percent. Underlying sales increased 5 percent in the U.S. and 5 percent internationally.
INTERNATIONAL SALES
Emerson is a global business with international sales representing 54 percent of total sales in 2022, including U.S. exports. The Company generally expects faster economic growth in emerging markets in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Middle East/Africa.
International destination sales, including U.S. exports, increased 2 percent, to $10.6 billion in 2022, reflecting the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition and an increase in the Commercial & Residential Solutions business. U.S. exports of $1.5 billion were up 33 percent compared with 2021, including an increase of approximately $200 due to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Underlying international destination sales were up 6 percent, as foreign currency translation had a 5 percent unfavorable impact on the comparison, the AspenTech acquisition added 2 percent and the Therm-O-Disc divestiture subtracted 1 percent. Underlying sales increased 2 percent in Europe, 5 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China up 7 percent), 19 percent in Latin America and 15 percent in Canada. Origin sales by international subsidiaries, including shipments to the U.S., totaled $9.2 billion in 2022, down 1 percent compared with 2021.
International destination sales, including U.S. exports, increased 10 percent, to $10.3 billion in 2021, reflecting increases in both the Automation Solutions and Commercial & Residential Solutions businesses. U.S. exports of $1.1 billion were up 12 percent compared with 2020. Underlying international destination sales were up 5 percent, as foreign currency translation had a 4 percent favorable impact on the comparison and the OSI acquisition added 1 percent. Underlying sales increased 5 percent in Europe, 5 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China up 15 percent), 9 percent in Latin America and 1 percent in Canada. Origin sales by international subsidiaries, including shipments to the U.S., totaled $9.3 billion in 2021, up 9 percent compared with 2020.
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Portfolio management is an integral component of Emerson's growth and value creation strategy. Over the past 18 months, Emerson has taken significant actions to accelerate the transformation of its portfolio through the completion of strategic acquisitions and divestitures of non-core businesses. These actions were undertaken to create a higher growth and cohesive industrial technology portfolio as a global automation leader serving a diversified set of end markets with differentiated capabilities in intelligent devices and software. The Company’s recent portfolio actions include the following transactions.
On October 31, 2022, the Company announced an agreement to sell a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business (which constitutes the Climate Technologies segment, excluding Therm-O-Disc which was divested earlier in fiscal 2022) to private equity funds managed by Blackstone ("Blackstone") in a transaction valued at $14.0 billion. Emerson will receive upfront, pre-tax cash proceeds of approximately $9.5 billion and a note of $2.25 billion at close (which will accrue 5 percent interest payable in kind by capitalizing interest), while retaining a 45 percent non-controlling common equity ownership interest in a new standalone joint venture between Emerson and Blackstone. The Climate Technologies business, which includes the Copeland compressor business and the entire portfolio of products and services across all residential and commercial HVAC and refrigeration end-markets, had fiscal 2022 net sales of approximately $5.0 billion and pretax earnings of $1.0 billion. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of calendar year 2023, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions. The Company expects to recognize a pretax gain of approximately $10 billion (approximately $8 billion after-tax) in fiscal 2023 upon the completion of the transaction.
On October 31, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its InSinkErator business, which manufactures food waste disposers, to Whirlpool Corporation for $3.0 billion. This business had net sales of $630 and pretax earnings of $152 in fiscal 2022 and is reported in the Tools & Home Products segment. The assets and liabilities of InSinkErator were classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2022 and are included in other current assets, other assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company expects to recognize a pretax gain of approximately $2.8 billion (approximately $2.1 billion after-tax) in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.
On May 16, 2022, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by its definitive agreement with Aspen Technology, Inc. ("Heritage AspenTech") to contribute two of Emerson's stand-alone industrial software businesses, Open Systems International, Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business (collectively, the “Emerson Industrial Software Business”), along with approximately $6.0 billion in cash to Heritage AspenTech stockholders, to create "New AspenTech", a diversified, high-performance industrial software leader with greater scale, capabilities and technologies (hereinafter referred to as "AspenTech"). Upon closing of the transaction, Emerson beneficially owned 55 percent of the outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock (on a fully diluted basis) and former Heritage AspenTech stockholders owned the remaining outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock. AspenTech and its subsidiaries now operate under Heritage AspenTech’s previous name “Aspen Technology, Inc.” and AspenTech common stock is traded on NASDAQ under Heritage AspenTech’s previous stock ticker symbol “AZPN.” On a pro forma basis, AspenTech had fiscal 2022 net sales of $1.1 billion.
On July 27, 2022, AspenTech entered into an agreement to acquire Micromine, a global leader in design and operational solutions for the mining industry, for AU $900 (approximately $623 USD based on exchange rates when the transaction was announced). The transaction is expected to close by the end of calendar 2022, subject to various regulatory approvals.
On May 31, 2022 the Company completed the divestiture of its Therm-O-Disc sensing and protection technologies business, which was reported in the Climate Technologies segment, to an affiliate of One Rock Capital Partners, LLC. The Company recognized a pretax gain of $486 ($429 after-tax, $0.72 per share).
On May 4, 2022, Emerson announced its intention to exit business operations in Russia and divest Metran, its Russia-based manufacturing subsidiary, and on September 27, 2022, announced an agreement to sell the business to the local management group. Emerson's historical net sales in Russia were principally in the Automation Solutions segment and in total, represented approximately 1.5 percent of consolidated annual sales. The Company recognized a pretax loss of $181 ($190 after-tax, in total $0.32 per share) related to its exit of business operations in Russia. This charge, which included a loss of $36 in operations and $145 reported in Other deductions ($10 of which is reported in restructuring costs), is primarily non-cash. The transaction will be subject to regulatory and government approvals, and other customary closing conditions. Emerson will work closely with the local Russia management group to help ensure a smooth transition for employees through the sale process.
In 2022, the Company acquired three other businesses, two in the Automation Solutions segment and one in the AspenTech segment, for $130, net of cash acquired. The three businesses had combined annual sales of approximately $40.
On October 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Open Systems International, Inc. (OSI), a leading operations technology software provider in the global power industry, for approximately $1.6 billion, net of cash acquired. This business had net sales of $191 in fiscal 2021 and is now reported in the AspenTech segment.
In 2020, the Company acquired three businesses, two in the Automation Solutions segment and one in the Climate Technologies segment, for $126, net of cash acquired. These three businesses had combined annual sales of approximately $50.
See Note 4 and Item 1A - "Risk Factors" for further information on acquisitions and divestitures.
COST OF SALES
Cost of sales for 2022 were $11,441, an increase of $768 compared with $10,673 in 2021, primarily due to higher sales volume and higher materials costs. Gross profit was $8,188 in 2022 compared to $7,563 in 2021, while gross margin increased 0.2 percentage points to 41.7 percent. The Heritage AspenTech acquisition benefited gross margin 0.7 percentage points, while price less net material inflation was favorable but had a dilutive impact on margins. Higher freight and other inflation also negatively impacted margins, partially offset by favorable mix.
Cost of sales for 2021 were $10,673, an increase of $897 compared with $9,776 in 2020, primarily due to higher sales volume in Commercial & Residential Solutions, foreign currency translation, and the OSI acquisition which added $112 including intangibles amortization of $39. Gross profit was $7,563 in 2021 compared to $7,009 in 2020, while gross margin decreased 0.3 percentage points to 41.5 percent, as leverage on higher sales volume was offset by unfavorable price-cost in Commercial & Residential Solutions primarily driven by higher steel prices, intangibles amortization from the OSI acquisition which deducted 0.2 percentage points, and unfavorable mix.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
SG&A expenses of $4,248 in 2022 increased $69 compared with 2021, reflecting the impact of higher sales and higher wage and other inflation. SG&A as a percent of sales decreased 1.3 percentage points to 21.6 percent, reflecting leverage on higher sales and lower stock compensation expense of $80 due to a lower share price in the current year (0.5 percentage points).
SG&A expenses of $4,179 in 2021 increased $193 compared with 2020 on higher stock compensation expense, as well as increased sales volume. SG&A as a percent of sales decreased 0.9 percentage points to 22.9 percent, reflecting increased savings of approximately $240 from the Company's restructuring and cost reset actions, partially offset by higher stock compensation expense of $144 (0.6 percentage points) due to a higher share price in 2021.
INVESTMENT AND DIVESTITURE GAINS
As previously disclosed, the Company sold its network power systems business (rebranded as Vertiv, now a publicly traded company, symbol VRT) in 2017 and retained a subordinated interest contingent upon the equity holders first receiving a threshold cash return on their initial investment. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the equity holders' cumulative cash return exceeded the threshold and as a result, the Company received a distribution of $438 in November 2021 (in total, a pretax gain of $453 was recognized in the first quarter). Based on the terms of the agreement and the current calculation, the Company could receive additional distributions of approximately $75 which are expected to be received over the next two-to-three years. However, the distributions are contingent on the timing and price at which Vertiv shares are sold by the equity holders and therefore, there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of the remaining distributions to the Company.
On May 31, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Therm-O-Disc sensing and protection technologies business to an affiliate of One Rock Capital Partners, LLC. The Company recognized a pretax gain of $486 ($429 after-tax, $0.72 per share). See Note 4.
OTHER DEDUCTIONS, NET
Other deductions, net were $601 in 2022, an increase of $283 compared with 2021, reflecting a charge of $145 related to the Company exiting its business in Russia ($10 of which is reported in restructuring costs), acquisition/divestiture costs of $110, higher intangibles amortization of $57, primarily related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, and a mark-to-market loss of $50 related to foreign currency forward contracts entered into by AspenTech to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange associated with the Micromine purchase price. These items were partially offset by lower restructuring costs of $64, gains from the sales of capital assets of $15, and a $14 gain from the acquisition of full ownership of an equity investment. The prior year also had several investment-related gains which are described below. See Notes 5 and 6.
Other deductions, net were $318 in 2021, a decrease of $214 compared with 2020, reflecting lower restructuring costs of $134, investment-related gains, including gains of $21 from an investment sale and $17 from the acquisition of full ownership of an equity investment, and a gain of $31 from the sale of an equity investment, a favorable impact from pensions, and favorable foreign currency transactions of $17. These items were partially offset by higher intangibles amortization of $61, primarily related to the OSI acquisition.
INTEREST EXPENSE, NET
Interest expense, net was $193, $154 and $156 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in 2022 reflects the issuance of $3 billion of long-term debt in December 2021 to support the AspenTech transaction, partially offset by $500 of notes that matured in the first quarter of fiscal 2022.
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES
Pretax earnings of $4,085 increased $1,173 in 2022, up 40 percent compared with 2021 reflecting the impact of the Vertiv and Therm-O-Disc gains discussed above. Earnings increased $401 in Automation Solutions, $19 in AspenTech and $76 in Commercial & Residential Solutions. Costs reported at Corporate increased $223, largely due to the Russia business exit loss and acquisition/divestiture costs, offset by lower stock compensation expense of $80. See the Business Segments discussion that follows and Note 18.
Pretax earnings of $2,912 increased $577 in 2021, up 25 percent compared with 2020. Earnings increased $416 in Automation Solutions, $9 in AspenTech and $246 in Commercial & Residential Solutions. Costs reported at Corporate increased $96, reflecting higher stock compensation expense of $114 and first year acquisition accounting charges and fees related to the OSI acquisition of $50, partially offset by the investment-related gains discussed above and lower unallocated pension and postretirement costs which decreased by $41.
INCOME TAXES
Income taxes were $855, $585 and $345 for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 21 percent, 20 percent and 15 percent in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The tax rates for 2022, 2021 and 2020 include benefits from restructuring subsidiaries of $11, $13 and $103, respectively. The impact on the 2022 tax rate from the gain on divestiture of the Therm-O-Disc business and the Russia business exit in 2022 essentially offset. The lower rate in 2020 included the impact of a research and development tax credit study. See Note 14.
NET EARNINGS AND EARNINGS PER SHARE
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders in 2022 were $3,231, up 40 percent compared with 2021, and diluted earnings per share were $5.41, up 42 percent compared with $3.82 in 2021. Results reflected strong operating results and included a pretax gain of $453 ($358 after-tax, $0.60 per share) related to the Company's subordinated interest in Vertiv and a pretax gain of $486 ($429 after-tax, $0.72 per share) related to the Therm-O-Disc divestiture. See the analysis of adjusted earnings per share in the Overview section for further details.
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders in 2021 were $2,303, up 17 percent compared with 2020, and diluted earnings per share were $3.82, up 18 percent compared with $3.24 in 2020 due to improved operating results reflecting significant savings from the Company's restructuring and cost reset actions and leverage on higher sales volume in Commercial & Residential Solutions.
The table below, which shows results on an adjusted EBITA basis, is intended to supplement the Company's discussion of its results of operations herein. The Company defines adjusted EBITA as earnings excluding interest expense, net, income taxes, intangibles amortization expense, restructuring expense, first year purchase accounting related items and transaction fees, and certain gains, losses or impairments. Adjusted EBITA and adjusted EBITA margin are measures used by management and may be useful for investors to evaluate the Company's operational performance.
Twelve Months Ended September 30 2021 2022 Change
Earnings before income taxes $ 2,912 4,085 40 %
Percent of sales 16.0 % 20.8 % 4.8 pts
Interest expense, net 154 193
Restructuring and related costs 188 119
Amortization of intangibles 327 451
Gain on subordinated interest - (453)
Gain on sale of Therm-O-Disc - (486)
Russia business exit - 181
Acquisition/divestiture costs - 110
AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge - 50
Investment-related gains (17) (14)
OSI first year acquisition accounting charges 50 -
Adjusted EBITA $ 3,614 4,236 17 %
Percent of sales 19.8 % 21.6 % 1.8 pts
RETURNS ON EQUITY AND TOTAL CAPITAL
Return on common stockholders' equity (net earnings attributable to common stockholders divided by average common stockholders' equity) was 31.9 percent in 2022 compared with 25.2 percent in 2021 and 23.6 percent in 2020. Return on total capital (computed as net earnings attributable to common stockholders excluding after-tax net interest expense, divided by average common stockholders' equity plus short- and long-term debt less cash and short-term investments) was 20.4 percent in 2022 compared with 18.1 percent in 2021 and 16.8 percent in 2020. The higher returns in 2022 included the impact of the Vertiv subordinated interest after-tax gain of $358, the after-tax gain on the Therm-O-Disc divestiture of $429, after-tax acquisition/divestiture costs of $93, and the Russia business exit after-tax loss of $190. Excluding these items, return on common stockholders' equity and return on total capital were 26.9 percent and 17.4 percent, respectively.
Business Segments
Following is an analysis of segment results for 2022 compared with 2021, and 2021 compared with 2020. The Company defines segment earnings as earnings before interest and income taxes.
AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS
2020 2021 2022 21 vs. 20 22 vs. 21
Sales $ 11,026 11,292 11,758 2 % 4 %
Earnings $ 1,539 1,955 2,356 27 % 20 %
Margin 14.0 % 17.3 % 20.0 % 3.3 pts 2.7 pts
Restructuring and related costs $ 238 146 89
Amortization of intangibles $ 184 186 167
Adjusted EBITA $ 1,961 2,287 2,612 17 % 14 %
Adjusted EBITA Margin 17.8 % 20.3 % 22.2 % 2.5 pts 1.9 pts
Sales by Major Product Offering
Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation $ 3,108 3,071 3,206 (1) % 4 %
Valves, Actuators & Regulators 3,589 3,483 3,604 (3) % 3 %
Industrial Solutions 2,012 2,266 2,403 13 % 6 %
Systems & Software 2,317 2,472 2,545 6 % 3 %
Total $ 11,026 11,292 11,758 2 % 4 %
2022 vs. 2021 - Automation Solutions sales were $11.8 billion in 2022, an increase of $466, or 4 percent. Underlying sales increased 7 percent on 5 percent higher volume and 2 percent higher price, reflecting strength in process end markets and sustained demand in discrete and hybrid end markets, despite supply chain and logistics constraints which unfavorably impacted sales. Foreign currency translation had a 3 percent unfavorable impact. Sales for Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation increased $135 or 4 percent. Sales were strong in China and North America, while sales were down moderately in Europe due to supply chain constraints. Valves, Actuators & Regulators increased $121, or 3 percent, reflecting strong demand in the Americas and China, partially offset by softness in the rest of Asia, Middle East & Africa. Industrial Solutions sales increased $137, or 6 percent, reflecting strong demand across all geographies. Systems & Software increased $73, or 3 percent, reflecting strength in process end markets in North America and China, partially offset by weakness in Europe, while power end markets were strong in North America and Europe. Underlying sales increased 14 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 13 percent), while Europe, which was negatively impacted by 5 percentage points due to the business exit from Russia, decreased 1 percent, and Asia, Middle East & Africa was up 5 percent (China up 11 percent). Earnings of $2,356 increased $401 from the prior year, and margin increased 2.7 percentage points to 20.0 percent, reflecting leverage on higher volume, favorable mix, lower restructuring expenses which benefited margins 0.4 percentage points, savings from cost reduction actions and favorable price less net material inflation, partially offset by higher freight and other inflation.
2021 vs. 2020 - Automation Solutions sales were $11.3 billion in 2021, an increase of $266, or 2 percent. Underlying sales were flat as higher prices offset slightly lower volume. Discrete and hybrid markets exhibited strength throughout the year while longer cycle process automation markets began to recover in the second half of the year, including a sharp recovery in core North American automation markets. Foreign currency translation had a 2 percent favorable impact. Sales for Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation decreased $37, or 1 percent, as process industries were weak in the first half of the year, but have improved sequentially as markets continue to recover from the impacts of COVID-19. Valves, Actuators & Regulators decreased $106, or 3 percent, reflecting slower demand in most end markets, particularly in North America and Europe, partially offset by modest growth in Asia. Industrial Solutions sales increased $254, or 13 percent, on strong growth in Europe and robust growth in China, while North American discrete end markets were up moderately. Systems & Software increased $155, or 6 percent. Process end markets were strong in Europe and had moderate growth in Asia while North America was flat. Power generation end markets were solid in North America and strong in Europe, partially offset by softness in Asia. Underlying sales decreased 2 percent in the Americas (U.S. down 3 percent), increased 1 percent in Europe and 2 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China up 14 percent). Earnings of $1,955 increased $416 from the prior year, and margin increased 3.3 percentage points to 17.3 percent, as significant savings from cost reduction actions
and favorable price-cost more than offset higher performance-based compensation expense. Lower restructuring expense benefited margins 0.9 percentage points.
ASPENTECH
2020 2021 2022 21 vs. 20 22 vs. 21
Sales $ 131 319 656 145 % 106 %
Earnings (loss) $ (16) (7) 12 56 % 269 %
Margin (12.8) % (2.3) % 1.9 % 10.5 pts 4.2 pts
Restructuring and related costs $ 6 2 -
Amortization of intangibles $ 23 89 237
Adjusted EBITA $ 13 84 249 535 % 198 %
Adjusted EBITA Margin 10.1 % 26.2 % 38.0 % 16.1 pts 11.8 pts
As a result of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, the Company identified one additional segment in fiscal 2022. The new segment reflects the combined results of Heritage AspenTech and the Emerson Industrial Software Business. The results for this new segment include the historical results of the Emerson Industrial Software Business (which was previously reported in the Automation Solutions segment), while results related to the Heritage AspenTech business include only periods subsequent to the close of the transaction on May 16, 2022. See Note 4 for further details.
2022 vs. 2021 - AspenTech sales were $656 in 2022, an increase of $337, or 106 percent due to the acquisition of Heritage AspenTech. Earnings were $12, an increase of $19, and margin improved to 1.9 percent, reflecting the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Results for fiscal 2022 included intangibles amortization of $148 related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition ($51 of which was reported in Cost of sales).
2021 vs. 2020 - AspenTech sales were $319 in 2021, an increase of $188, or 145 percent due to the Open Systems International, Inc. ("OSI") acquisition. The segment had a loss $7, an improvement of $9 compared to 2020, and margin improved to (2.3) percent, reflecting the impact of the OSI acquisition. Results for fiscal 2021 included intangibles amortization of $66 related to the OSI acquisition.
COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL SOLUTIONS
2020 2021 2022 21 vs. 20 22 vs. 21
Sales:
Climate Technologies $ 3,980 4,748 5,200 19 % 10 %
Tools & Home Products 1,663 1,905 2,033 15 % 7 %
Total $ 5,643 6,653 7,233 18 % 9 %
Earnings:
Climate Technologies $ 801 965 1,038 20 % 8 %
Tools & Home Products 317 399 402 26 % 1 %
Total $ 1,118 1,364 1,440 22 % 6 %
Margin 19.8 % 20.5 % 19.9 % 0.7 pts (0.6) pts
Restructuring and related costs $ 52 26 24
Amortization of intangibles $ 49 52 47
Adjusted EBITA $ 1,219 1,442 1,511 18 % 5 %
Adjusted EBITA Margin 21.6 % 21.6 % 20.9 % - pts (0.7) pts
2022 vs. 2021 - Commercial & Residential Solutions sales were $7.2 billion in 2022, an increase of $580, or 9 percent. Foreign currency translation had a 2 percent unfavorable impact and divestitures deducted 2 percent. Underlying sales increased 13 percent on 3 percent higher volume and 10 percent higher price. Climate Technologies sales were $5.2 billion in 2022, an increase of $452, or 10 percent. Air conditioning, heating and refrigeration sales were strong, reflecting global demand across all end markets. Tools & Home Products sales were $2.0 billion in 2022, up $128 or 7 percent compared to the prior year. Sales of professional tools and food waste disposers were strong, while wet/dry vacuums decreased moderately due to difficult comparisons. Overall, underlying sales increased 15 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 14 percent) and 11 percent in Europe, while Asia, Middle East & Africa increased 5 percent (China down 7 percent). Earnings were $1,440, an increase of $76, and margin was down 0.6 percentage points, as price less net material inflation was favorable but had a slightly dilutive impact on margins and higher freight and other inflation also negatively impacted margins, partially offset by leverage on higher sales and savings from cost reduction actions.
2021 vs. 2020 - Commercial & Residential Solutions sales were $6.7 billion in 2021, an increase of $1,010, or 18 percent. Underlying sales increased 16 percent on strong global demand, as nearly all businesses achieved double-digit growth each quarter, while foreign currency translation added 2 percent. Climate Technologies sales were $4.7 billion in 2021, an increase of $768, or 19 percent. Air conditioning and heating sales were up mid-teens, reflecting strong demand for residential-oriented products and solutions in North America and robust growth in Europe and China. Cold chain sales were up over 20 percent, driven by favorable global market conditions and strength in food retail and aftermarket. Tools & Home Products sales were $1.9 billion in 2021, up $242 or 15 percent compared to the prior year. Sales of wet/dry vacuums were robust in part due to competitor outages, while sales were strong for global professional tools and solid for food waste disposers. Overall, underlying sales increased 16 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 15 percent) and 17 percent in Europe, while Asia, Middle East & Africa increased 17 percent (China up 17 percent). Earnings were $1,364, an increase of $246, and margin was up 0.7 percentage points, reflecting leverage on higher volume and savings from cost reduction actions, partially offset by unfavorable price-cost primarily due to steel price increases which negatively impacted the second half of the fiscal year.
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Emerson maintains a conservative financial structure to provide the strength and flexibility necessary to achieve our strategic objectives and has been successful in efficiently deploying cash where needed worldwide to fund operations, complete acquisitions and sustain long-term growth.
Emerson is in a strong financial position, with total assets of $36 billion and stockholders' equity of $10 billion, and has the resources available for reinvestment in existing businesses, strategic acquisitions and managing its capital structure on a short- and long-term basis.
The Company continues to generate substantial operating cash flow with over $2.9 billion in each of the last three years. Cash flows have been and are expected to be sufficient for at least the next 12 months to meet the Company’s operating requirements, including those related to salaries and wages, working capital, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements associated with operations. The Company also has certain contractual obligations, primarily long-term debt and operating leases (see Notes 7, 10 and 11). The Company has been able to readily meet all its funding requirements and currently believes that sufficient funds will be available to meet its needs for the foreseeable future through operating cash flow, existing resources, short- and long-term debt capacity, or its $3.5 billion revolving backup credit facility under which it has not incurred any borrowings.
CASH FLOW
2020 2021 2022
Operating Cash Flow $ 3,083 3,575 2,922
Percent of sales 18.4 % 19.6 % 14.9 %
Capital Expenditures $ 538 581 531
Percent of sales 3.2 % 3.2 % 2.7 %
Free Cash Flow (Operating Cash Flow less Capital Expenditures)
$ 2,545 2,994 2,391
Percent of sales 15.2 % 16.4 % 12.2 %
Operating Working Capital $ 866 704 1,040
Percent of sales 5.2 % 3.9 % 5.3 %
Operating cash flow for 2022 was $2.9 billion, a $653, or 18 percent decrease compared with 2021, reflecting higher working capital due to increased sales and ongoing supply chain constraints. Operating cash flow of $3.6 billion in 2021 increased 16 percent compared to $3.1 billion in 2020, due to higher earnings. At September 30, 2022, operating working capital as a percent of sales was 5.3 percent compared with 3.9 percent in 2021 and 5.2 percent in 2020. The increase for 2022 compared to the prior year is due to higher inventory levels to support sales growth and reflecting ongoing supply chain constraints. In addition, the Heritage AspenTech acquisition increased operating working capital by approximately $250. As of September 30, 2022, Emerson's cash and equivalents totaled $1.8 billion, which included approximately $380 attributable to AspenTech. The cash held by AspenTech is intended to be used for its own purposes and is not a readily available source of liquidity for other Emerson general business purposes or to return to Emerson shareholders. Contributions to pension plans were $43 in 2022, $41 in 2021 and $66 in 2020.
Capital expenditures were $531, $581 and $538 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Free cash flow (operating cash flow less capital expenditures) was $2.4 billion in 2022, down 20 percent. Free cash flow was $3.0 billion in 2021, compared with $2.5 billion in 2020. The Company is targeting capital spending from continuing operations of approximately $350 in 2023. Net cash paid in connection with acquisitions was $5,702, $1,611 and $126 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company's agreement to sell a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business will impact its cash flows in future periods after the transaction is completed. In 2022, this business had operating cash flow of approximately $875, capital expenditures of approximately $200, and free cash flow of approximately $675. The Company expects its remaining businesses will continue to generate significant cash flows that will be available to support the return of cash to shareholders and to reinvest for future growth.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and among other things, provided tax relief to businesses. Tax provisions of the CARES Act included the deferral of certain payroll taxes, relief for retaining employees, and other provisions. The Company deferred $73 of certain payroll taxes through the end of calendar year 2020, of which approximately $37 was paid in December 2021 with the remaining amount due in December 2022.
Dividends were $1,223 ($2.06 per share) in 2022, compared with $1,210 ($2.02 per share) in 2021 and $1,209 ($2.00 per share) in 2020. In October 2022, the Board of Directors voted to increase the quarterly cash dividend 1 percent, to an annualized rate of $2.08 per share.
Purchases of Emerson common stock totaled $500, $500 and $942 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, at average per share prices of $87.64, $94.65 and $57.41.
In November 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 70 million shares, and during fiscal 2022, the remaining shares available under this authorization were purchased. In March 2020, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of an additional 60 million shares and a total of approximately 55 million shares remain available. The Company purchased 5.7 million shares in 2022, 5.3 million shares in 2021 and 16.4 million shares in 2020 under the authorizations.
LEVERAGE/CAPITALIZATION
2020 2021 2022
Total Assets $ 22,882 24,715 35,672
Long-term Debt $ 6,326 5,793 8,259
Common Stockholders' Equity $ 8,405 9,883 10,364
Total Debt-to-Total Capital Ratio 47.1 % 40.3 % 50.0 %
Net Debt-to-Net Capital Ratio 33.2 % 30.4 % 45.3 %
Operating Cash Flow-to-Debt Ratio 41.2 % 53.6 % 28.2 %
Interest Coverage Ratio 14.4X 18.6X 18.9X
Total debt, which includes long-term debt, current maturities of long-term debt, commercial paper and other short-term borrowings, was $10,374, $6,665 and $7,486 as of September 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increased debt was due to the issuance of $3 billion of long-term debt and increased commercial paper borrowings of approximately $1.3 billion compared to September 30, 2021. The Company used the net proceeds from the sale of the notes and the increased commercial paper borrowings to fund the majority of its contribution of approximately $6.0 billion to existing stockholders of Heritage AspenTech as part of the transaction. Long-term debt was issued in December 2021 as follows: $1 billion of 2.0% notes due December 2028, $1 billion of 2.2% notes due December 2031, and $1 billion of 2.8% notes due December 2051. Additionally, the Company repaid $500 of 2.625% notes that matured. See Note 4 and Note 11.
In fiscal 2021, the Company repaid $300 of 4.25% notes that matured and in fiscal 2020 repaid $500 of 4.875% notes that matured. Additionally, in fiscal 2020, the Company issued $500 of 1.8% notes due October 2027, $500 of 1.95% notes due October 2030 and $500 of 2.75% notes due October 2050, and in September 2020, the Company issued $750 of 0.875% notes due October 2026. The net proceeds from the sale of the notes were used to reduce commercial paper borrowings and for general corporate purposes. A portion of the proceeds from the notes issued in September 2020 were also used to fund the acquisition of OSI, which closed on October 1, 2020.
The total debt-to-total capital ratio and net debt-to-net capital ratio (less cash and short-term investments) increased in 2022 due to the increased borrowings to support the AspenTech transaction discussed above, while it decreased in 2021 due to lower long-term debt and higher equity compared to the prior year. The interest coverage ratio is computed as earnings before income taxes plus interest expense, divided by interest expense. The increase in 2022 reflects higher pretax earnings in the current year, which included the Vertiv subordinated interest gain of $453, the gain on the Therm-O-Disc divestiture of $486, and the Russia business exit loss of $181. Excluding these items, the interest coverage ratio was 15.6, reflecting higher interest expense due to the increased long-term debt and commercial paper borrowings to fund the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. The increase in 2021 reflects higher earnings and slightly lower interest expense.
In May 2018, the Company entered into a $3.5 billion five-year revolving backup credit facility with various banks, which replaced the April 2014 $3.5 billion facility. The credit facility is maintained to support general corporate purposes, including commercial paper borrowings. The Company has not incurred any borrowings under this or previous facilities. The credit facility contains no financial covenants and is not subject to termination based on a change of credit rating or material adverse changes. The facility is unsecured and may be accessed under various interest rate alternatives at the Company’s option. Fees to maintain the facility are immaterial. The Company expects to be able to renew its revolving backup credit facility in fiscal 2023 on substantially the same terms as the current facility. The Company also maintains a universal shelf registration statement on file with the SEC under which it can issue debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, share purchase contracts or share purchase units without a predetermined limit. Securities can be sold in one or more separate offerings with the size, price and terms to be determined at the time of sale.
Emerson's financial structure provides the flexibility necessary to achieve its strategic objectives. The Company has been successful in efficiently deploying cash where needed worldwide to fund operations, complete acquisitions and sustain long-term growth. At September 30, 2022, the majority of the Company's cash was held outside of the U.S. (primarily in Europe and Asia). The Company routinely repatriates a portion of its non-U.S. cash from earnings each
year, or otherwise when it can be accomplished tax efficiently, and provides for withholding taxes and any applicable U.S. income taxes as appropriate.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company is exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices, and selectively uses derivative financial instruments, including forwards, swaps and purchased options to manage these risks. The Company does not hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The value of derivatives and other financial instruments is subject to change as a result of market movements in rates and prices. Sensitivity analysis is one technique used to forecast the impact of these movements. Based on a hypothetical 10 percent increase in interest rates, a 10 percent decrease in commodity prices or a 10 percent weakening in the U.S. dollar across all currencies, the potential losses in future earnings, fair value or cash flows are not material. Sensitivity analysis has limitations; for example, a weaker U.S. dollar would benefit future earnings through favorable translation of non-U.S. operating results, and lower commodity prices would benefit future earnings through lower cost of sales. See Notes 1, and 9 through 11.
Critical Accounting Policies
Preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates regarding uncertainties that could affect reported revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities and equity. Note 1 describes the significant accounting policies used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The most significant areas where management judgments and estimates impact the primary financial statements are described below. Actual results in these areas could differ materially from management's estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company evaluates its contracts with customers to identify the promised goods or services and recognizes revenue for the identified performance obligations at the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied and control has transferred to the customer, typically when products are shipped or delivered, title and risk of loss pass to the customer, and the Company has a present right to payment. The majority of the Company's revenues relate to a broad offering of manufactured products which are recognized at the point in time when control transfers, generally in accordance with shipping terms. A portion of the Company's revenues relate to the sale of software and post-contract customer support, parts and labor for repairs, and engineering services.
In some circumstances, contracts include multiple performance obligations, where revenue is recognized separately for each good or service, as well as contracts where revenue is recognized over time as control transfers to the customer. Tangible products represent a large majority of the delivered items in contracts with multiple performance obligations or where revenue is recognized over time, while a smaller portion is attributable to installation, service and maintenance. In sales arrangements that involve multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price for each performance obligation. Observable selling prices from actual transactions are used whenever possible. In other instances, the Company determines the standalone selling price based on third-party pricing or management's best estimate. For revenues recognized over time, the Company typically uses an input method to determine progress and recognize revenue, based on costs incurred. The Company believes costs incurred closely correspond with its performance under the contract and the transfer of control to the customer.
VALUATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ACQUIRED IN A BUSINESS COMBINATION
Assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, including intangible assets, are accounted for using the acquisition method and recorded at their respective fair values. In fiscal 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Aspen Technology, Inc. and engaged an independent third-party valuation specialist to assist in the determination of the fair value of intangible assets. This included the use of certain assumptions and estimates, including the projected revenue for the customer relationship and developed technology intangible asset and the obsolescence rate for the developed technology intangible asset. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates to be reasonable and appropriate, they require judgement and are based on experience and historical information obtained from Aspen Technology, Inc.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate impairment may exist. If the Company determines that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, a permanent impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its estimated fair value. Reporting units are also reviewed for possible goodwill impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter. If an initial assessment indicates it is more likely than not an impairment may exist, it is evaluated by comparing the reporting unit's estimated fair value to its carrying value. Fair value is generally estimated using an income approach that discounts estimated future cash flows using discount rates judged by management to be commensurate with the applicable risk. Estimates of future sales, operating results, cash flows and discount rates are subject to changes in the economic environment, including such factors as the general level of market interest rates, expected equity market returns and the volatility of markets served, particularly when recessionary economic circumstances continue for an extended period of time.
RETIREMENT PLANS
The Company maintains a prudent long-term investment strategy consistent with the duration of pension obligations. The determination of defined benefit plan expense and liabilities is dependent on various assumptions, including the expected annual rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate and the rate of annual compensation increases. In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, actual results that differ from the Company's assumptions are accumulated as deferred actuarial gains or losses and amortized to expense in future periods. The Company's principal U.S. defined benefit plan is closed to employees hired after January 1, 2016 while shorter-tenured employees ceased accruing benefits effective October 1, 2016.
As of September 30, 2022, the U.S. pension plans were overfunded by $513 in total (approximately 16 percent in excess of the projected benefit obligation), including unfunded plans totaling $162. The non-U.S. plans were underfunded by $57, including unfunded plans totaling $236. The Company contributed a total of $43 to defined benefit plans in 2022 and expects to contribute approximately $40 in 2023. At year-end 2022, the discount rate for U.S. plans was 5.64 percent, and was 2.92 percent in 2021. The assumed investment return on plan assets was 6.00 percent in 2022, 6.50 percent in 2021 and 6.75 percent in 2020, and will be 6.00 percent for 2023. While management believes its assumptions used are appropriate, actual experience may differ. A 0.25 percentage point decrease in the U.S. and non-U.S. discount rates would have increased the total projected benefit obligation at September 30, 2022 by $100 and increased fiscal 2023 pension expense by $15. A 0.25 percentage point decrease in the expected return on plan assets would increase fiscal 2023 pension expense by $15. See Note 12.
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
The Company is a party to a number of pending legal proceedings and claims, including those involving general and product liability (including asbestos) and other matters, several of which claim substantial amounts of damages. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs (including legal fees and expenses) will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based on developments to date; management's estimates of the outcomes of these matters; and the Company's experience in contesting, litigating and settling similar matters. The Company engages an outside expert to develop an actuarial estimate of its expected costs to resolve all pending and future asbestos claims, including defense costs, as well as its related insurance receivables. The reserve for asbestos litigation, which is recorded on an undiscounted basis, is based on projected claims through 2065.
Although it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters, the Company historically has been largely successful in defending itself against claims and suits that have been brought against it, and will continue to defend itself vigorously in all such matters. While the Company believes a material adverse impact is unlikely, given the inherent uncertainty of litigation, a remote possibility exists that a future development could have a material adverse impact on the Company. See Note 13.
INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense and tax assets and liabilities reflect management's assessment of taxes paid or expected to be paid (received) on items included in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and consideration of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce deferred tax assets to the
amount that will more likely than not be realized. This requires management to make judgments and estimates regarding the amount and timing of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income, and the impact of tax planning strategies.
Uncertainty exists regarding tax positions taken in previously filed tax returns which remain subject to examination, along with positions expected to be taken in future returns. The Company provides for unrecognized tax benefits, based on the technical merits, when it is more likely than not that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Adjustments are made to the uncertain tax positions when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit; changes in applicable tax laws, including tax case rulings and legislative guidance; or expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.
Cash repatriated to the U.S. is generally not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. No provision is made for withholding taxes and any applicable U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries where these earnings are considered indefinitely invested or otherwise retained for continuing international operations. Determination of the amount of taxes that might be paid on these undistributed earnings if eventually remitted is not practicable. See Notes 1 and 14.
Other Items
LEGAL MATTERS
At September 30, 2022, there were no known contingent liabilities (including guarantees, pending litigation, taxes and other claims) that management believes will be material in relation to the Company's financial statements, nor were there any material commitments outside the normal course of business.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Effective October 1, 2021, the Company adopted three accounting standard updates which had an immaterial or no impact on the Company's financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2022. These included:
•Updates to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations, which clarify the accounting for contract assets and liabilities assumed in a business combination. In general, this will result in contract liabilities being recognized at their historical amounts under ASC 606, rather than at fair value in accordance with the general requirements of ASC 805.
•Updates to ASC 740, Income Taxes, which require the recognition of a franchise tax that is partially based on income as an income-based tax with any incremental amount as a non-income based tax. These updates also make certain changes to intra-period tax allocation principles and interim tax calculations.
•Updates to ASC 321, Equity Securities, ASC 323 Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which clarify how to account for the transition into and out of the equity method of accounting when evaluating observable transactions.
In fiscal 2021, the Company adopted two accounting standard updates and one new accounting standard, and in fiscal 2020 adopted updates to ASC 815, all of which had an immaterial impact on the Company's financial statements. These included:
•Updates to ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, which eliminate the requirement to measure impairment based on the implied fair value of goodwill compared to the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill. Instead, goodwill impairment will be measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value.
•Updates to ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, which align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a software hosting arrangement with the requirements for costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software.
•Adoption of ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach to estimate lifetime expected credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables.
•Updates to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which permit hedging certain contractually specified risk components. The updates also eliminate the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and simplify hedge documentation and effectiveness assessment requirements.
FISCAL 2023 OUTLOOK
Following the announcement of its Climate Technologies divestiture, Emerson will report financial results for Climate Technologies, InSinkErator and Therm-O-Disc as discontinued operations for all periods presented, beginning in 2023. The earnings from discontinued operations for 2023 are expected to be $10 billion to $11 billion, or $17 to $19 per share, including the net gains on 2023 divestitures.
Emerson expects order strength and backlog to support fiscal 2023 sales growth. For the full year, consolidated net sales from continuing operations are expected to be up 7 to 9 percent, with underlying sales up 6.5 to 8.5 percent excluding a 3.5 percent unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation and a 4 percent favorable impact from acquisitions net of divestitures.
Earnings per share from continuing operations are expected to be $3.51 to $3.66 (which excludes any potential impact from the 45 percent common equity ownership in Climate Technologies' income or loss post-close), while adjusted earnings per share are expected to be $4.00 to $4.15, excluding a $0.13 per share impact from restructuring actions, a $0.61 per share impact from amortization of intangibles, $0.10 per share from interest income on the Climate Technologies note receivable, and $0.15 per share of interest income on undeployed proceeds from the Climate Technologies and InSinkErator divestitures.
The Company's fiscal 2023 results from continuing operations after the Climate Technologies divestiture (assumed to close March 31, 2023 for purposes of the guidance above) will include interest income from the $2.25 billion note receivable from Climate Technologies and reflect the 45 percent common equity ownership in the income, or loss, of Climate Technologies. Emerson will not control Climate Technologies post-closing and is therefore unable to estimate the amount of its 45 percent share of Climate Technologies' post-close results. The Company will exclude the interest income from the note receivable from Climate Technologies and its 45 percent share of Climate Technologies' operations in its calculation of fiscal 2023 adjusted earnings per share. Also excluded from adjusted earnings per share is the interest income on any undeployed net proceeds. The effect of Emerson's 45 percent share of Climate Technologies is expected to be immaterial to post-closing cash flows. The fiscal 2023 outlook assumes approximately $1.2 billion of dividend payments and approximately $2 billion to be returned to shareholders through share repurchases.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information from this Annual Report on Form 10-K set forth in Item 7 under "Financial Instruments" is hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See the Company's consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and the report thereon of KPMG LLP (PCAOB ID 185) that follow.
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Years ended September 30
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
2020 2021 2022
Net sales $ 16,785 18,236 19,629
Cost of sales 9,776 10,673 11,441
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,986 4,179 4,248
Gain on subordinated interest - - (453)
Gain on sale of business - - (486)
Other deductions, net 532 318 601
Interest expense, net of interest income of: 2020, $19;
2021, $12; 2022, $35
156 154 193
Earnings before income taxes 2,335 2,912 4,085
Income taxes 345 585 855
Net earnings 1,990 2,327 3,230
Less: Noncontrolling interests in earnings of subsidiaries 25 24 (1)
Net earnings common stockholders $ 1,965 2,303 3,231
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 3.26 3.85 5.44
Diluted $ 3.24 3.82 5.41
Weighted average outstanding shares:
Basic 602.9 598.1 592.9
Diluted 606.6 601.8 596.3
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Years ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)
2020 2021 2022
Net earnings $ 1,990 2,327 3,230
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation 85 81 (644)
Pension and postretirement 64 605 37
Cash flow hedges (2) 18 (14)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 147 704 (621)
Comprehensive income 2,137 3,031 2,609
Less: Noncontrolling interests in comprehensive income of subsidiaries
27 23 (9)
Comprehensive income common stockholders $ 2,110 3,008 2,618
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
September 30 (Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
2021 2022
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and equivalents $ 2,354 1,804
Receivables, less allowances of $116 in 2021 and $108 in 2022
2,971 3,008
Inventories 2,050 2,191
Other current assets 1,057 1,503
Total current assets 8,432 8,506
Property, plant and equipment, net 3,738 3,361
Other assets
Goodwill 7,723 14,662
Other intangible assets 2,877 6,724
Other 1,945 2,419
Total other assets 12,545 23,805
Total assets $ 24,715 35,672
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt $ 872 2,115
Accounts payable 2,108 2,028
Accrued expenses 3,266 3,634
Total current liabilities 6,246 7,777
Long-term debt 5,793 8,259
Other liabilities 2,753 3,320
Equity
Common stock, $0.50 par value; authorized, 1,200.0 shares; issued, 953.4 shares; outstanding, 595.8 shares in 2021; 591.4 shares in 2022
477 477
Additional paid-in-capital 522 57
Retained earnings 26,047 28,053
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (872) (1,485)
26,174 27,102
Less: Cost of common stock in treasury, 357.6 shares in 2021; 362.0 shares in 2022
16,291 16,738
Common stockholders’ equity 9,883 10,364
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries 40 5,952
Total equity 9,923 16,316
Total liabilities and equity $ 24,715 35,672
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Years ended September 30
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
2020 2021 2022
Common stock $ 477 477 477
Additional paid-in-capital
Beginning balance 393 470 522
Stock plans 77 52 85
Heritage AspenTech acquisition - - (550)
Ending balance 470 522 57
Retained earnings
Beginning balance 24,199 24,955 26,047
Net earnings common stockholders 1,965 2,303 3,231
Dividends paid (per share: 2020, $2.00; 2021, $2.02; 2022, $2.06)
(1,209) (1,210) (1,225)
Adoption of accounting standard updates - (1) -
Ending balance 24,955 26,047 28,053
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Beginning balance (1,722) (1,577) (872)
Foreign currency translation 83 82 (636)
Pension and postretirement 64 605 37
Cash flow hedges (2) 18 (14)
Ending balance (1,577) (872) (1,485)
Treasury stock
Beginning balance (15,114) (15,920) (16,291)
Purchases (942) (500) (500)
Issued under Emerson stock plans 136 129 53
Ending balance (15,920) (16,291) (16,738)
Common stockholders' equity 8,405 9,883 10,364
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
Beginning balance 40 42 40
Net earnings 25 24 (1)
AspenTech Stock plans - - 35
Other comprehensive income 2 (1) (8)
Dividends paid (25) (25) (4)
Heritage AspenTech acquisition - - 5,890
Ending balance 42 40 5,952
Total equity $ 8,447 9,923 16,316
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Years ended September 30 (Dollars in millions)
2020 2021 2022
Operating activities
Net earnings $ 1,990 2,327 3,230
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 854 969 1,039
Stock compensation expense 110 224 144
Pension expense 67 28 2
Pension funding (66) (41) (43)
Changes in operating working capital 148 203 (515)
Gain on subordinated interest - - (453)
Gain on sale of business - - (486)
Other, net (20) (135) 4
Cash provided by operating activities 3,083 3,575 2,922
Investing activities
Capital expenditures (538) (581) (531)
Purchases of businesses, net of cash and equivalents acquired (126) (1,611) (5,702)
Divestitures of businesses - 34 601
Proceeds from subordinated interest - - 438
Other, net (76) 38 (140)
Cash used in investing activities (740) (2,120) (5,334)
Financing activities
Net decrease in short-term borrowings (90) (504) 1,241
Proceeds from short-term borrowings greater than three months 1,043 71 1,162
Payments of short-term borrowings greater than three months (1,043) (71) (1,165)
Proceeds from long-term debt 2,233 - 2,975
Payments of long-term debt (503) (308) (522)
Dividends paid (1,209) (1,210) (1,223)
Purchases of common stock (942) (500) (500)
Other, net 2 100 80
Cash used in financing activities (509) (2,422) 2,048
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents (13) 6 (186)
Increase (Decrease) in cash and equivalents 1,821 (961) (550)
Beginning cash and equivalents 1,494 3,315 2,354
Ending cash and equivalents $ 3,315 2,354 1,804
Changes in operating working capital
Receivables $ 207 (165) (214)
Inventories (6) (126) (469)
Other current assets 33 (99) (65)
Accounts payable (196) 370 122
Accrued expenses 110 223 111
Total changes in operating working capital $ 148 203 (515)
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Years ended September 30
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts or where noted)
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Financial Statement Presentation
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation to reflect the business combination with AspenTech (see Note 4), which is reported as a new segment and includes the historical results of Open Systems International, Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business. These businesses were previously reported in the Automation Solutions segment (see Note 18).
Effective October 1, 2021, the Company adopted three accounting standard updates which had an immaterial or no impact on the Company's financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2022. These included:
•Updates to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations, which clarify the accounting for contract assets and liabilities assumed in a business combination. In general, this will result in contract liabilities being recognized at their historical amounts under ASC 606, rather than at fair value in accordance with the general requirements of ASC 805.
•Updates to ASC 740, Income Taxes, which require the recognition of a franchise tax that is partially based on income as an income-based tax with any incremental amount as a non-income based tax. These updates also make certain changes to intra-period tax allocation principles and interim tax calculations.
•Updates to ASC 321, Equity Securities, ASC 323 Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which clarify how to account for the transition into and out of the equity method of accounting when evaluating observable transactions.
In fiscal 2021, the Company adopted two accounting standard updates and one new accounting standard, and in fiscal 2020 adopted updates to ASC 815, all of which had an immaterial impact on the Company's financial statements. These included:
•Updates to ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, which eliminate the requirement to measure impairment based on the implied fair value of goodwill compared to the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill. Instead, goodwill impairment will be measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value.
•Updates to ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, which align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a software hosting arrangement with the requirements for costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software.
•Adoption of ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach to estimate lifetime expected credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables.
•Updates to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which permit hedging certain contractually specified risk components. The updates also eliminate the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and simplify hedge documentation and effectiveness assessment requirements.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled affiliates. Intercompany transactions, profits and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Investments of 20 percent to 50 percent of the voting shares of other entities are accounted for by the equity method. Investments in publicly traded
companies of less than 20 percent are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. Investments in nonpublicly traded companies of less than 20 percent are carried at cost, minus impairment, and adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency for most of the Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries is the local currency. Adjustments resulting from translating local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The majority of inventory is valued based on standard costs, which are revised at the beginning of each year and approximate average costs, while the remainder is principally valued on a first-in, first-out basis. Following are the components of inventory as of September 30:
2021 2022
Finished products $ 616 628
Raw materials and work in process 1,434 1,563
Total inventories $ 2,050 2,191
Fair Value Measurement
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a formal hierarchy and framework for measuring certain financial statement items at fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements and the reliability of valuation inputs. Under ASC 820, measurement assumes the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal or at least the most advantageous market for that asset or liability. Within the hierarchy, Level 1 instruments use observable market prices for an identical item in active markets and have the most reliable valuations. Level 2 instruments are valued through broker/dealer quotation or other approaches using market-observable inputs for similar items in active markets, including forward and spot prices, interest rates and volatilities. Level 3 instruments are valued using inputs not observable in an active market, such as company-developed future cash flow estimates, and are considered the least reliable. Valuations for all of the Company's financial instruments fall within Level 2. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt is Level 2, estimated using current interest rates and pricing from financial institutions and other market sources for debt with similar maturities and characteristics.
Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company records investments in land, buildings, and machinery and equipment at cost. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over estimated service lives, which for principal assets are 30 to 40 years for buildings and 8 to 12 years for machinery and equipment. Long-lived tangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognized based on estimated fair values if the sum of estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the related assets is less than the carrying values.
The components of property, plant and equipment as of September 30 follow:
2021 2022
Land $ 359 317
Buildings 2,493 2,364
Machinery and equipment 6,097 5,678
Construction in progress 478 459
Property, plant and equipment, at cost 9,427 8,818
Less: Accumulated depreciation 5,689 5,457
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 3,738 3,361
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method and recorded at their respective fair values. Substantially all goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that acquires a
business. A reporting unit is an operating segment as defined in ASC 280, Segment Reporting, or a business one level below an operating segment if discrete financial information for that business unit is prepared and regularly reviewed by the segment manager. The Company conducts annual impairment tests of goodwill in the fourth quarter. If an initial assessment indicates it is more likely than not goodwill might be impaired, it is evaluated by comparing the reporting unit's estimated fair value to its carrying value. An impairment charge would be recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value. Goodwill is also tested for impairment between annual tests if events or circumstances indicate the fair value of a unit may be less than its carrying value. Estimated fair values of reporting units are Level 3 measures and are developed generally under an income approach that discounts estimated future cash flows using risk-adjusted interest rates, as well as earnings multiples or other techniques as warranted. Fair values are subject to changes in underlying economic conditions.
All of the Company's identifiable intangible assets are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Identifiable intangibles consist of intellectual property such as technology, patents and trademarks, customer relationships and capitalized software. Identifiable intangibles are also subject to evaluation for potential impairment if events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. See Note 8.
Leases
The Company leases offices; manufacturing facilities and equipment; and transportation, information technology and office equipment under operating lease arrangements. Finance lease arrangements are immaterial. The Company determines whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. An arrangement contains a lease if the Company has the right to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of an identified asset. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheet and are recorded as short-term lease expense. The discount rate used to calculate present value is the Company's incremental borrowing rate based on the lease term and the economic environment of the applicable country or region.
Certain leases contain renewal options or options to terminate prior to lease expiration, which are included in the measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain they will be exercised. The Company has elected to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for its offices and manufacturing facilities. Some lease arrangements include payments that are adjusted periodically based on actual charges incurred for common area maintenance, utilities, taxes and insurance, or changes in an index or rate referenced in the lease. The fixed portion of these payments is included in the measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at lease commencement, while the variable portion is recorded as variable lease expense. The Company's leases typically do not contain material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
Product Warranty
Warranties vary by product line and are competitive for the markets in which the Company operates. Warranties are largely offered to provide assurance that the product will function as intended and generally extend for a period of one to two years from the date of sale or installation. Provisions for warranty expense are estimated at the time of sale based on historical experience and adjusted quarterly for any known issues that may arise. Product warranty expense is less than one-half of one percent of sales.
Revenue Recognition
Emerson is a global manufacturer that designs and manufactures products and delivers services that bring technology and engineering together to provide innovative solutions for its customers, largely in the form of tangible products. The Company evaluates its contracts with customers to identify the promised goods or services and recognizes revenue for the identified performance obligations at the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied and control has transferred to the customer, typically when products are shipped or delivered, title and risk of loss pass to the customer, and the Company has a present right to payment. The majority of the Company's revenues relate to a broad offering of manufactured products which are recognized at the point in time when control transfers, generally in accordance with shipping terms. A portion of the Company's revenues relate to the sale of software and post-contract customer support, parts and labor for repairs, and engineering services. In some circumstances,
contracts include multiple performance obligations, where revenue is recognized separately for each good or service, as well as contracts where revenue is recognized over time as control transfers to the customer.
Revenue is recognized over time for approximately 10 percent of the Company's revenues. The majority of these revenues relate to projects in the Systems & Software product offering within the Automation Solutions segment where revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method to reflect the transfer of control over time, while a smaller amount is attributable to long-term maintenance and service contracts where revenue is typically recognized on a straight-line basis as the services are provided. Approximately 5 percent of revenues relate to sales arrangements with multiple performance obligations, principally in the Automation Solutions and AspenTech segments. Tangible products represent a large majority of the delivered items in contracts with multiple performance obligations or where revenue is recognized over time, while a smaller portion is attributable to installation, service and maintenance.
For projects where revenue is recognized over time, the Company typically uses an input method to determine progress and recognize revenue, based on costs incurred. The Company believes costs incurred closely correspond with its performance under the contract and the transfer of control to the customer.
In sales arrangements that involve multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price for each performance obligation. Observable selling prices from actual transactions are used whenever possible. In other instances, the Company determines the standalone selling price based on third-party pricing or management's best estimate. Generally, contract duration is short-term, and cancellation, termination or refund provisions apply only in the event of contract breach and are rarely invoked.
Payment terms vary but are generally short-term in nature. The Company's long-term contracts, where revenue is generally recognized over time, are typically billed as work progresses in accordance with the contract terms and conditions, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of certain milestones. The timing of revenue recognition and billings under these contracts results in either unbilled receivables (contract assets) when revenue recognized exceeds billings, or customer advances (contract liabilities) when billings exceed revenue recognized. Unbilled receivables are reclassified to accounts receivable when an unconditional right to consideration exists, typically when a milestone in the contract is achieved. The Company does not evaluate whether the transaction price includes a significant financing component for contracts where the time between cash collection and performance is less than one year.
Certain arrangements with customers include variable consideration, typically in the form of rebates, cash discounts or penalties. In limited circumstances, the Company sells products with a general right of return. In most instances, returns are limited to product quality issues. The Company records a reduction to revenue at the time of sale to reflect the ultimate amount of consideration it expects to receive. The Company's estimates are updated quarterly based on historical experience, trend analysis, and expected market conditions. Variable consideration is typically not constrained at the time revenue is recognized. See Notes 2 and 18 for additional information about the Company's revenues.
Derivatives and Hedging
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices due to its worldwide presence and diverse business profile. The Company's foreign currency exposures relate to transactions denominated in currencies that differ from the functional currencies of its business units, primarily in euros, Mexican pesos, and Singapore dollars. Primary commodity exposures are price fluctuations on forecasted purchases of copper and aluminum and related products. As part of the Company's risk management strategy, derivative instruments are selectively used in an effort to minimize the impact of these exposures. Foreign exchange forwards and options are utilized to hedge foreign currency exposures impacting sales or cost of sales transactions, firm commitments and the fair value of assets and liabilities, while swap and option contracts may be used to minimize the effect of commodity price fluctuations on the cost of sales. Non-U.S. dollar obligations are utilized to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the Company's net investments in foreign operations. All derivatives are associated with specific underlying exposures and the Company does not hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The duration of hedge positions is generally two years or less, except for the Company's net investment hedges.
All derivatives are accounted for under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and recognized at fair value. For derivatives hedging variability in future cash flows, any gain or loss is deferred in stockholders' equity and recognized when the underlying hedged transaction impacts earnings. The majority of the Company's derivatives
that are designated as hedges and qualify for hedge accounting are cash flow hedges. For derivatives hedging the fair value of existing assets or liabilities, both the gain or loss on the derivative and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings each period. Currency fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar obligations that have been designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified to income in the same period when a foreign operation is sold or substantially liquidated and the gain or loss related to the sale is included in income. To the extent that any hedge is not fully effective at offsetting changes in the underlying hedged item, there could be a net earnings impact.
The Company also uses derivatives to hedge economic exposures that do not receive hedge accounting under ASC 815. The underlying exposures for these hedges relate primarily to purchases of commodity-based components used in the Company's manufacturing processes, and the revaluation of certain foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities. In addition, in fiscal 2022 AspenTech entered into foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange associated with the Micromine purchase price. Gains or losses on derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in the income statement immediately.
Counterparties to derivative arrangements are companies with investment-grade credit ratings. The Company has bilateral collateral arrangements with counterparties with credit rating-based posting thresholds that vary depending on the arrangement. If credit ratings on the Company's debt fall below pre-established levels, counterparties can require immediate full collateralization on all derivatives in net liability positions. The maximum amount that could potentially have been required was immaterial. The Company also can demand full collateralization of derivatives in net asset positions should any counterparty credit ratings fall below certain thresholds. No collateral was posted with counterparties and none was held by the Company at year end. Risk from credit loss when derivatives are in asset positions is not considered material. The Company has master netting arrangements in place with its counterparties that allow the offsetting of certain derivative-related amounts receivable and payable when settlement occurs in the same period. Accordingly, counterparty balances are netted in the consolidated balance sheet and are reported in other current assets or accrued expenses as appropriate, depending on positions with counterparties as of the balance sheet date. See Note 9.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is based on pretax income reported in the consolidated statements of earnings and tax rates currently enacted in each jurisdiction. Certain income and expense items are recognized in different time periods for financial reporting and income tax filing purposes, and deferred income taxes are provided for the effect of temporary differences. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act subjects the Company to U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income earned by certain of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company has elected to recognize this tax as a period expense when it is incurred. The Company also provides for withholding taxes and any applicable U.S. income taxes on earnings intended to be repatriated from non-U.S. locations. No provision has been made for these taxes on approximately $6.0 billion of undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries as of September 30, 2022, as these earnings are considered indefinitely invested or otherwise retained for continuing international operations. Recognition of withholding taxes and any applicable U.S. income taxes on undistributed non-U.S. earnings would be triggered by a management decision to repatriate those earnings. Determination of the amount of taxes that might be paid on these undistributed earnings if eventually remitted is not practicable. See Note 14.
(2) REVENUE RECOGNITION
The following table summarizes the balances of the Company's unbilled receivables (contract assets), which are reported in Other assets (current and noncurrent), and its customer advances (contract liabilities), which are reported in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities.
2021 2022
Unbilled receivables (contract assets) $ 528 1,399
Customer advances (contract liabilities) (730) (879)
Net contract liabilities $ (202) 520
The majority of the Company's contract balances relate to (1) arrangements where revenue is recognized over time and payments from customers are made according to a contractual billing schedule, and (2) revenue from term software license arrangements sold by Heritage AspenTech where the license revenue is recognized upfront upon delivery. The change in the net contract balance was due to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, which added net contract assets of approximately $700, partially offset by an increase in net contract liabilities for the Company's existing businesses due to customer billings exceeding revenue recognized for performance completed during the period. Revenue recognized for 2022 included approximately $552 that was included in the beginning contract liability balance. Other factors that impacted the change in net contract liabilities were immaterial.
Revenue recognized for 2022 for performance obligations that were satisfied in previous periods, including cumulative catchup adjustments on the Company's long-term contracts, was not material. Capitalized amounts related to incremental costs to obtain customer contracts and costs to fulfill contracts are immaterial.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company's backlog relating to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations in contracts with its customers was approximately $8.1 billion, which includes approximately $700 related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Heritage AspenTech's remaining performance obligations primarily relate to software maintenance in long-term contracts for unspecified future software updates provided on a when-and-if available basis. The Company expects to recognize approximately 80 percent of its remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months, with the remainder substantially over the subsequent two years thereafter.
See Note 18 for additional information about the Company's revenues.
(3) WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES
Basic earnings per common share consider only the weighted-average of common shares outstanding while diluted earnings per common share also consider the dilutive effects of stock options and incentive shares. An inconsequential number of shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of dilutive earnings per share in 2022, 2021 and 2020 as the effect would have been antidilutive. Earnings allocated to participating securities were inconsequential for all years presented.
Reconciliations of weighted-average shares for basic and diluted earnings per common share follow (shares in millions):
2020 2021 2022
Basic shares outstanding 602.9 598.1 592.9
Dilutive shares 3.7 3.7 3.4
Diluted shares outstanding 606.6 601.8 596.3
(4) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Aspen Technology
On May 16, 2022, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by its definitive agreement with Aspen Technology, Inc. ("Heritage AspenTech") to contribute two of Emerson's stand-alone industrial software businesses, Open Systems International, Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business (collectively, the “Emerson Industrial Software Business”), along with approximately $6.0 billion in cash to Heritage AspenTech stockholders, to create "New AspenTech", a diversified, high-performance industrial software leader with greater scale, capabilities and technologies (hereinafter referred to as "AspenTech"). Upon closing of the transaction, Emerson beneficially owned 55 percent of the outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock (on a fully diluted basis) and former Heritage AspenTech stockholders owned the remaining outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock. AspenTech and its subsidiaries now operate under Heritage AspenTech’s previous name “Aspen Technology, Inc.” and AspenTech common stock is traded on NASDAQ under AspenTech’s previous stock ticker symbol “AZPN.”
The business combination has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting with Emerson considered the accounting acquirer of Heritage AspenTech. The net assets of Heritage AspenTech were recorded at their estimated fair value and the Emerson Industrial Software Business continues at its historical basis. The Company recorded a noncontrolling interest of $5.9 billion for the 45 percent ownership interest of former Heritage AspenTech stockholders in AspenTech. The noncontrolling interest associated with the Heritage AspenTech acquired net assets was recorded at fair value determined using the closing market price per share of Heritage AspenTech as of May 16, 2022, while the portion attributable to the Emerson Industrial Software business was recorded at its historical carrying amount. The impact of recognizing the noncontrolling interest in the Emerson Industrial Software Business resulted in a decrease to additional paid-in-capital of $550.
The following table summarizes the components of the purchase consideration reflected in the acquisition accounting using Heritage AspenTech's shares outstanding and closing market price per share as of May 16, 2022 (in millions except share and per share data):
Heritage AspenTech shares outstanding 66,662,482
Heritage AspenTech share price $ 166.30
Purchase price $ 11,086
Value of stock-based compensation awards attributable to pre-combination service 102
Total purchase consideration $ 11,188
The total purchase consideration for Heritage AspenTech was preliminarily allocated to assets and liabilities as follows. Valuations of acquired assets and liabilities are in-process and subject to refinement.
Cash and equivalents $ 274
Receivables 61
Other current assets 262
Property, plant equipment 4
Goodwill ($34 expected to be tax-deductible)
7,225
Other intangible assets 4,390
Other assets 511
Total assets 12,727
Short-term borrowings 27
Accounts payable 8
Accrued expenses 113
Long-term debt 255
Deferred taxes and other liabilities 1,136
Total purchase consideration $ 11,188
Emerson's cash contribution of approximately $6.0 billion was paid out at approximately $87.69 per share (on a fully diluted basis) to holders of issued and outstanding shares of Heritage AspenTech common stock as of the closing of the transactions, with $168 of cash remaining on AspenTech's balance sheet as of the closing which is not included in the allocation of purchase consideration above.
The estimated intangible assets attributable to the transaction are comprised of the following (in millions):
Amount Estimated Useful Life (Years)
Developed technology $ 1,350 10
Customer relationships 2,300 15
Trade names 430 Indefinite-lived
Backlog 310 3
Total $ 4,390
Results of operations for 2022 attributable to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition include sales of $356 while the impact to GAAP net earnings was not material.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited proforma consolidated condensed financial results of operations are presented as if the acquisition of Heritage AspenTech occurred on October 1, 2020. The pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition occurred as of that time ($ in millions, except per share amounts).
2021 2022
Net Sales $ 18,966 20,042
Net earnings common stockholders $ 2,106 3,262
Diluted earnings per share $ 3.50 5.46
The pro forma results for 2021 include $159 of transaction costs which were assumed to be incurred in the first fiscal quarter of 2021. Of these transaction costs, $91 were included in the Company's reported results for 2022, but have been excluded from the fiscal 2022 pro forma results above. In addition, Heritage AspenTech incurred $68 of transaction costs prior to the completion of the acquisition that were not included in Emerson's reported results. The pro forma results for 2021 include estimated interest expense of $147, respectively, related to the issuance of $3.0 billion of term debt and increased commercial paper borrowings to fund the acquisition, while results for 2022 include additional interest expense of $56 to reflect the increased borrowings as if they were outstanding for the entire fiscal year.
Other Transactions
On July 27, 2022, AspenTech entered into an agreement to acquire Micromine, a global leader in design and operational solutions for the mining industry, for AU $900 (approximately $623 USD based on exchange rates when the transaction was announced). The transaction is expected to close by the end of calendar 2022, subject to various regulatory approvals.
On May 31, 2022 the Company completed the divestiture of its Therm-O-Disc sensing and protection technologies business, which was reported in the Climate Technologies segment, to an affiliate of One Rock Capital Partners, LLC. The Company recognized a pretax gain of $486 ($429 after-tax, $0.72 per share).
On May 4, 2022, Emerson announced its intention to exit business operations in Russia and divest Metran, its Russia-based manufacturing subsidiary, and on September 27, 2022, announced an agreement to sell the business to the local management group. Emerson's historical net sales in Russia were principally in the Automation Solutions segment and in total, represented approximately 1.5 percent of consolidated annual sales. The Company recognized a pretax loss of $181 ($190 after-tax, in total $0.32 per share) related to its exit of business operations in Russia. This charge, which included a loss of $36 in operations and $145 reported in Other deductions ($10 of
which is reported in restructuring costs), is primarily non-cash. The transaction will be subject to regulatory and government approvals, and other customary closing conditions. Emerson will work closely with the local Russia management group to help ensure a smooth transition for employees through the sale process.
In 2022, the Company acquired three other businesses, two in the Automation Solutions segment and one in the AspenTech segment, for $130, net of cash acquired. The three businesses had combined annual sales of approximately $40.
On October 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Open Systems International, Inc. (OSI), a leading operations technology software provider in the global power industry, for approximately $1.6 billion, net of cash acquired. This business, which had net sales of $191 in fiscal 2021 and is reported in the AspenTech segment, expands the Company's offerings in the power industry to include the digitization and modernization of the electric grid. The Company recognized goodwill of $967 (none of which is expected to be tax deductible), identifiable intangible assets of $783, primarily intellectual property and customer relationships with a weighted-average useful life of approximately 11 years, and deferred tax liabilities of $193. Results of operations for the year ended September 30, 2021 included first year pretax acquisition accounting charges related to backlog amortization and deferred revenue of $30 and $14, respectively, and fees of $6.
As previously disclosed, the Company sold its network power systems business (rebranded as Vertiv, now a publicly traded company, symbol VRT) in 2017 and retained a subordinated interest contingent upon the equity holders first receiving a threshold cash return on their initial investment. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the equity holders' cumulative cash return exceeded the threshold and as a result, the Company received a distribution of $438 in November 2021 (in total, a pretax gain of $453 was recognized in the first quarter, $358 after-tax, $0.60 per share). Based on the terms of the agreement and the current calculation, the Company could receive additional distributions of approximately $75 which are expected to be received over the next two-to-three years. However, the distributions are contingent on the timing and price at which Vertiv shares are sold by the equity holders and therefore, there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of the remaining distributions to the Company.
In 2020, the Company acquired three businesses, two in the Automation Solutions segment and one in the Climate Technologies segment, for $126, net of cash acquired. These three businesses had combined annual sales of approximately $50.
(5) OTHER DEDUCTIONS, NET
Other deductions, net are summarized below:
2020 2021 2022
Amortization of intangibles (intellectual property and customer relationships) $ 239 300 357
Restructuring costs 284 150 86
Acquisition/divestiture costs - - 110
Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses 21 4 7
Investment-related gains & gains from sales of capital assets - (69) (30)
Russia business exit - - 135
Other (12) (67) (64)
Total $ 532 318 601
In fiscal 2022, intangibles amortization included $97 related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, while the prior year included backlog amortization related to the OSI acquisition of $30. Foreign currency transaction losses included a $50 mark-to-market loss in fiscal 2022 related to foreign currency forward contracts entered into by AspenTech to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange associated with the Micromine purchase price. Other is composed of several items, including pension expense, litigation costs, provision for bad debt and other items, none of which is individually significant.
(6) RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Each year the Company incurs costs to size its businesses to levels appropriate for current economic conditions and to continually improve its cost structure and operational efficiency, deploy assets globally, and remain competitive on a worldwide basis. Costs result from numerous individual actions implemented across the Company's various operating units on an ongoing basis and can include costs for moving facilities to best-cost locations, restarting plants after relocation or geographic expansion to better serve local markets, reducing forcecount or the number of facilities, exiting certain product lines, and other costs resulting from asset deployment decisions (such as contract termination costs, asset write-downs and vacant facility costs).
Restructuring expenses were $86, $150 and $284 for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company expects fiscal year 2023 restructuring expense to be approximately $100.
Restructuring costs by business segment follows:
2020 2021 2022
Automation Solutions $ 225 121 52
AspenTech 7 2 -
Climate Technologies 23 15 10
Tools & Home Products 21 7 11
Commercial & Residential Solutions 44 22 21
Corporate 8 5 13
Total $ 284 150 86
Actions taken in 2022 included workforce reductions of approximately 2,200 positions and the exit of eight production facilities worldwide. Costs incurred in 2021 and 2020 primarily relate to the Company's initiatives to improve operating margins that began in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and were expanded in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 in response to the effects of COVID-19 on demand for the Company's products. Expenses incurred in 2021 and 2020 included actions to exit eight and six facilities, and eliminate approximately 3,600 and 5,400 positions, respectively.
The change in the liability for restructuring costs during the years ended September 30 follows:
2021 Expense Utilized/Paid 2022
Severance and benefits $ 172 46 79 139
Other 4 40 38 6
Total $ 176 86 117 145
2020 Expense Utilized/Paid 2021
Severance and benefits $ 176 112 116 172
Other 5 38 39 4
Total $ 181 150 155 176
The tables above do not include $43 and $38 of costs related to restructuring actions incurred for the year ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that are required to be reported in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses.
(7) LEASES
The components of lease expense for the years ended September 30 were as follows:
2021 2022
Operating lease expense $ 195 185
Variable lease expense $ 17 20
Short-term lease expense and sublease income were immaterial for the years ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. Cash paid for operating leases is classified within operating cash flows and was $188 and $192 for the years ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Operating lease right-of-use asset additions was $97 and $194 for the years ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table summarizes the balances of the Company's operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and 2022, the vast majority of which relates to offices and manufacturing facilities:
2021 2022
Right-of-use assets (Other assets) $ 558 489
Current lease liabilities (Accrued expenses) $ 155 144
Noncurrent lease liabilities (Other liabilities) $ 413 348
The weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was 5.7 years and 5.8 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 3.0 percent and 2.6 percent as of September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively.
Future maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2022 are summarized below:
2023 $ 152
2024 115
2025 80
2026 51
2027 37
Thereafter 104
Total lease payments 539
Less: Interest 47
Total lease liabilities $ 492
Lease commitments that have not yet commenced were immaterial as of September 30, 2022.
(8) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
The change in the carrying value of goodwill by business segment follows:
Automation Solutions AspenTech Climate Technologies Tools & Home Products Commercial & Residential Solutions
Total
Balance, September 30, 2020 $ 5,506 77 730 421 1,151 6,734
Acquisitions - 967 23 - 23 990
Foreign currency
translation and other 2 - - (3) (3) (1)
Balance, September 30, 2021 5,508 1,044 753 418 1,171 7,723
Acquisitions 40 7,289 - - - 7,329
Foreign currency
translation and other (292) (7) (38) (53) (91) (390)
Balance, September 30, 2022 $ 5,256 8,326 715 365 1,080 14,662
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of identifiable intangible assets by major class follow:
Customer Relationships Intellectual Property Capitalized Software Total
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
Gross carrying amount $ 2,391 4,563 2,062 4,121 1,458 1,457 5,911 10,141
Less: Accumulated amortization 896 1,056 923 1,123 1,215 1,238 3,034 3,417
Net carrying amount $ 1,495 3,507 1,139 2,998 243 219 2,877 6,724
Intangible asset amortization expense for the major classes included above for 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $563, $470 and $369, respectively. Based on intangible asset balances as of September 30, 2022, amortization expense is expected to approximate $778 in 2023, $745 in 2024, $672 in 2025, $565 in 2026 and $546 in 2027. The increase in goodwill and intangible assets in fiscal 2022 and 2021 reflect the Heritage AspenTech and OSI acquisitions, respectively.
(9) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Following is a discussion regarding the Company’s use of financial instruments:
Hedging Activities
As of September 30, 2022, the notional amount of foreign currency hedge positions was approximately $2.7 billion, and commodity hedge contracts totaled approximately $138 (primarily 38 million pounds of copper and aluminum). All derivatives receiving hedge accounting are cash flow hedges. The majority of hedging gains and losses deferred as of September 30, 2022 are expected to be recognized over the next 12 months as the underlying forecasted transactions occur. Gains and losses on foreign currency derivatives reported in Other deductions, net reflect hedges of balance sheet exposures that do not receive hedge accounting.
Net Investment Hedge
In fiscal 2019, the Company issued euro-denominated debt of €1.5 billion. The euro notes reduce foreign currency risk associated with the Company's international subsidiaries that use the euro as their functional currency and have been designated as a hedge of a portion of the investment in these operations. Foreign currency gains or losses associated with the euro-denominated debt are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will remain until the hedged investment is sold or substantially liquidated.
The following gains and losses are included in earnings and other comprehensive income (OCI):
Gain (Loss) to Earnings Gain (Loss) to OCI
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Location
Commodity Cost of sales $ (8) 33 12 10 29 (20)
Foreign currency Sales (5) 3 (2) 4 3 (9)
Foreign currency Cost of sales 4 8 31 (25) 34 53
Foreign currency Other deductions, net (40) 53 48
Net Investment Hedge
Euro denominated debt (123) 21 266
Total $ (49) 97 89 (134) 87 290
Regardless of whether derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments receive hedge accounting, the Company expects hedging gains or losses to be offset by losses or gains on the related underlying exposures. The amounts ultimately recognized will differ from those presented above for open positions, which remain subject to ongoing market price fluctuations until settlement. Derivatives receiving hedge accounting are highly effective and no amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Fair Value Measurement
Valuations for all derivatives and the Company's long-term debt fall within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy. The fair value of long-term debt was $7.6 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively, as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, which was lower than the carrying value by $1,207 and exceeded the carrying value by $485, respectively. The fair values of commodity and foreign currency contracts were reported in Other current assets and Accrued expenses as summarized below:
2021 2022
Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Commodity $ 12 6 - 25
Foreign currency $ 36 6 51 80
(10) SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LINES OF CREDIT
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
2021 2022
Current maturities of long-term debt $ 538 516
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings 334 1,599
Total $ 872 2,115
Interest rate for weighted-average short-term borrowings at year end 0.1% 2.8%
In May 2018, the Company entered into a $3.5 billion five-year revolving backup credit facility with various banks, which replaced the April 2014 $3.5 billion facility. The credit facility is maintained to support general corporate purposes, including commercial paper borrowings. The Company has not incurred any borrowings under this or previous facilities. The credit facility contains no financial covenants and is not subject to termination based on a change of credit rating or material adverse changes. The facility is unsecured and may be accessed under various interest rate alternatives at the Company’s option. Fees to maintain the facility are immaterial.
(11) LONG-TERM DEBT
The details of long-term debt follow:
2021 2022
2.625% notes due December 2021 $ 500 -
2.625% notes due February 2023 500 500
0.375% euro notes due May 2024 579 490
3.15% notes due June 2025 500 500
1.25% euro notes due October 2025 579 490
0.875% notes due October 2026 750 750
1.8% notes due October 2027 500 500
2.0% notes due December 2028 - 1,000
2.0% euro notes due October 2029 579 490
1.95% notes due October 2030 500 500
2.20% notes due December 2031 - 1,000
6.0% notes due August 2032 250 250
6.125% notes due April 2039 250 250
5.25% notes due November 2039 300 300
2.75% notes due October 2050 500 500
2.80% notes due December 2051 - 1,000
Other 44 255
Long-term debt 6,331 8,775
Less: Current maturities 538 516
Total, net $ 5,793 8,259
As of September 30, 2022, other includes $240 in outstanding borrowings by AspenTech under a revolving term loan credit facility that matures on December 23, 2024. The interest rate is variable and was 4.31% as of September 30, 2022.
Long-term debt maturing during each of the four years after 2023 is $738, $527, $484 and $745, respectively. Total interest paid on long-term debt was approximately $199, $156 and $163 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the year, the Company repaid $500 of 2.625% notes that matured in December 2021. In 2021, the Company repaid $300 of 4.25% notes that matured in November 2020. In December 2021, the Company issued $1,000 of 2.0% notes due December 2028, $1,000 of 2.20% notes due December 2031 and $1,000 of 2.80% notes due December 2051.
The Company maintains a universal shelf registration statement on file with the SEC under which it can issue debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, share purchase contracts or share purchase units without a predetermined limit. Securities can be sold in one or more separate offerings with the size, price and terms to be determined at the time of sale.
(12) PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS
Retirement plans expense includes the following components:
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Defined benefit plans:
Service cost (benefits earned during the period) $ 57 54 49 30 29 25
Interest cost 125 94 99 30 32 33
Expected return on plan assets (268) (264) (253) (72) (74) (56)
Net amortization and other 148 143 102 17 14 3
Net periodic pension expense 62 27 (3) 5 1 5
Defined contribution plans 112 114 124 56 52 52
Total retirement plans expense $ 174 141 121 61 53 57
Net periodic pension expense decreased in 2022 primarily due to lower amortization of deferred losses. For defined contribution plans, the Company makes cash contributions based on plan requirements, which are expensed as incurred.
The Company's principal U.S. defined benefit plan is closed to employees hired after January 1, 2016 while shorter-tenured employees ceased accruing benefits effective October 1, 2016.
Details of the changes in the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans follow:
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
2021 2022 2021 2022
Projected benefit obligation, beginning $ 4,525 4,338 1,633 1,562
Service cost 54 49 29 25
Interest cost 94 99 32 33
Actuarial gain (13) (1,170) (101) (404)
Benefits paid (218) (204) (39) (40)
Settlements (105) - (35) (29)
Foreign currency translation and other 1 - 43 (182)
Projected benefit obligation, ending $ 4,338 3,112 1,562 965
Fair value of plan assets, beginning $ 4,383 4,844 1,367 1,474
Actual return on plan assets 771 (1,030) 100 (337)
Employer contributions 12 15 29 28
Benefits paid (218) (204) (39) (40)
Settlements (105) - (35) (29)
Foreign currency translation and other 1 - 52 (188)
Fair value of plan assets, ending $ 4,844 3,625 1,474 908
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet $ 506 513 (88) (57)
Location of net amount recognized in the balance sheet:
Noncurrent asset $ 732 676 283 205
Current liability (13) (14) (16) (17)
Noncurrent liability (213) (149) (355) (245)
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet $ 506 513 (88) (57)
Pretax accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (274) (284) (182) (136)
Actuarial gains in 2022 were largely due to an increase in the discount rates used to estimate the benefit obligations for the U.S. and non-U.S. plans, which were 5.64% and 4.9% at September 30, 2022 compared to 2.92% and 2.2% at September 30, 2021, respectively. Actuarial gains in 2021 were largely due to an increase in the discount rates used to estimate the benefit obligations for the U.S. and non-U.S. plans, which was 2.92% and 2.2% at September 30, 2021 compared to 2.81% and 1.9% at September 30, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, U.S. pension plans were overfunded by $513 in total, including unfunded plans totaling $162. The non-U.S. plans were underfunded by $57, including unfunded plans totaling $236.
As of the September 30, 2022 and 2021 measurement dates, the plans' total accumulated benefit obligation was $3,910 and $5,634, respectively. The total projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for individual plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $527, $444 and $102, respectively, for 2022, and $1,142, $1,016 and $544, respectively, for 2021. The total projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for individual plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $477, $421 and $63, respectively, for 2022, and $711, $626 and $123, respectively, for 2021.
Future benefit payments by U.S. plans are estimated to be $215 in 2023, $220 in 2024, $225 in 2025, $229 in 2026, $232 in 2027 and $1,174 in total over the five years 2028 through 2032. Based on foreign currency exchange rates as of September 30, 2022, future benefit payments by non-U.S. plans are estimated to be $60 in 2023, $58 in 2024, $59 in 2025, $62 in 2026, $65 in 2027 and $366 in total over the five years 2028 through 2032. The Company expects to contribute approximately $40 to its retirement plans in 2023.
The weighted-average assumptions used in the valuation of pension benefits follow:
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Net pension expense
Discount rate used to determine service cost 3.40 % 3.16 % 3.16 % 1.9 % 1.9 % 2.2 %
Discount rate used to determine interest cost 2.87 % 2.10 % 2.31 % 1.9 % 1.9 % 2.2 %
Expected return on plan assets 6.75 % 6.50 % 6.00 % 5.8 % 5.6 % 4.4 %
Rate of compensation increase 3.25 % 3.25 % 4.00 % 3.7 % 3.6 % 3.7 %
Benefit obligations
Discount rate 2.81 % 2.92 % 5.64 % 1.9 % 2.2 % 4.9 %
Rate of compensation increase 3.25 % 3.25 % 4.00 % 3.6 % 3.7 % 4.0 %
The discount rate for the U.S. retirement plans was 5.64 percent as of September 30, 2022. An actuarially developed, company-specific yield curve is used to determine the discount rate. To determine the service and interest cost components of pension expense for its U.S. retirement plans, the Company applies the specific spot rates along the yield curve, rather than the single weighted-average rate, to the projected cash flows to provide more precise measurement of these costs. The expected return on plan assets assumption is determined by reviewing the investment returns of the plans for the past 10 years plus longer-term historical returns of an asset mix approximating the Company's asset allocation targets, and periodically comparing these returns to expectations of investment advisors and actuaries to determine whether long-term future returns are expected to differ significantly from the past.
The Company's asset allocations at September 30, 2022 and 2021, and weighted-average target allocations follow:
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
2021 2022 Target 2021 2022 Target
Equity securities 39 % 39 % 35-45% 35 % 11 % 10-20%
Debt securities 55 54 50-60 55 73 70-80
Other 6 7 0-10 10 16 10-20
Total 100 % 100 % 100% 100 % 100 % 100%
The primary objective for the investment of pension assets is to secure participant retirement benefits by earning a reasonable rate of return. Plan assets are invested consistent with the provisions of the prudence and diversification rules of ERISA and with a long-term investment horizon. The Company continuously monitors the value of assets by class and routinely rebalances to remain within target allocations. The equity strategy is to minimize concentrations of risk by investing primarily in a mix of companies that are diversified across geographies, market capitalization, style, sectors and industries worldwide. The approach for bonds emphasizes investment-grade corporate and government debt with maturities matching a portion of the longer duration pension liabilities. The bonds strategy also includes a high-yield element which is generally shorter in duration. For diversification, a small portion of U.S. plan assets is allocated to private equity partnerships and real asset fund investments, providing opportunities for above market returns. Leveraging techniques are not used and the use of derivatives in any fund is limited and inconsequential.
The fair values of defined benefit pension assets as of September 30, organized by asset class and by the fair value hierarchy of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, follow. Investments valued based on the net asset value (NAV) of fund units held, as derived from the fair value of the underlying assets, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Measured at NAV Total %
U.S. equities $ 405 6 - 633 1,044 23 %
International equities 225 10 - 123 358 8 %
Emerging market equities - 1 - 124 125 3 %
Corporate bonds - 1,143 - 859 2,002 44 %
Government bonds - 468 - 152 620 14 %
Other (9) 7 130 256 384 8 %
Total $ 621 1,635 130 2,147 4,533 100 %
U.S. equities $ 591 9 - 670 1,270 20 %
International equities 356 17 - 563 936 15 %
Emerging market equities - 1 - 212 213 3 %
Corporate bonds - 1,516 - 565 2,081 33 %
Government bonds - 642 - 730 1,372 22 %
Other 46 8 135 257 446 7 %
Total $ 993 2,193 135 2,997 6,318 100 %
Asset Classes
U.S. equities reflect companies domiciled in the U.S., including multinational companies. International equities are comprised of companies domiciled in developed nations outside the U.S. Emerging market equities are comprised of companies domiciled in portions of Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Corporate bonds represent investment-grade debt of issuers primarily from the U.S. Government bonds include investment-grade instruments issued by federal, state and local governments, primarily in the U.S. Other includes cash, interests in mixed asset funds investing in commodities, natural resources, agriculture, real estate and infrastructure funds, life insurance contracts (U.S.), and shares in certain general investment funds of financial institutions or insurance arrangements (non-U.S.) that typically ensure no market losses or provide for a small minimum return guarantee.
Fair Value Hierarchy Categories
Valuations of Level 1 assets for all classes are based on quoted closing market prices from the principal exchanges where the individual securities are traded. Cash is valued at cost, which approximates fair value. Debt securities categorized as Level 2 assets are generally valued based on independent broker/dealer bids or by comparison to other debt securities having similar durations, yields and credit ratings. Valuation techniques and inputs for these assets include discounted cash flow analysis, earnings multiple approaches, recent transactions, transfer restrictions, prevailing discount rates, volatilities, credit ratings and other factors. In the Other class, interests in mixed asset funds are Level 2, and U.S. life insurance contracts and non-U.S. general fund investments and insurance arrangements are Level 3. Investments measured at NAV are primarily nonexchange-traded commingled or collective funds where the underlying securities have observable prices available from active markets and typically provide liquidity daily or within a few days. The NAV category also includes fund investments in private equities, real estate and infrastructure where the fair value of the underlying assets is determined by the investment manager. Total unfunded commitments for the private equity funds were approximately $190 at September 30, 2022. These investments cannot be redeemed, but instead the funds will make distributions through liquidation of the underlying assets, which is expected to occur over approximately the next 10 years. The real estate and infrastructure funds typically offer quarterly redemption.
Postretirement Plans
The Company also sponsors unfunded postretirement benefit plans (primarily health care) for certain U.S. retirees and their dependents. The Company’s principal U.S. postretirement plan has been frozen to new employees since 1993. The postretirement benefit liability for all plans was $83 and $119 as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and included deferred actuarial gains in accumulated other comprehensive income of $112 and $98, respectively. Service and interest costs are negligible and more than offset by the amortization of deferred actuarial gains, which resulted in net postretirement income of $12 for 2022 and $15 for 2021 and $12 for 2020. Benefits paid
were $10 and $9 for 2022 and 2021, respectively, and the Company estimates that future health care benefit payments will be approximately $10 per year for 2023 through 2027, and $33 in total over the five years 2028 through 2032.
(13) CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS
The Company is a party to a number of pending legal proceedings and claims, including those involving general and product liability (including asbestos) and other matters, several of which claim substantial amounts of damages. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs (including legal fees and expenses) will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based on developments to date; management's estimates of the outcomes of these matters; and the Company's experience in contesting, litigating and settling similar matters. The Company engages an outside expert to develop an actuarial estimate of its expected costs to resolve all pending and future asbestos claims, including defense costs, as well as its related insurance receivables. The reserve for asbestos litigation, which is recorded on an undiscounted basis, is based on projected claims through 2065. See Note 19 for additional information about the Company's asbestos liabilities and related insurance receivables.
Although it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters, the Company historically has been largely successful in defending itself against claims and suits that have been brought against it, and will continue to defend itself vigorously in all such matters. While the Company believes a material adverse impact is unlikely, given the inherent uncertainty of litigation, a remote possibility exists that a future development could have a material adverse impact on the Company. The Company enters into certain indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business in which the indemnified party is held harmless and is reimbursed for losses incurred from claims by third parties, usually up to a prespecified limit. In connection with divestitures of certain assets or businesses, the Company often provides indemnities to the buyer with respect to certain matters including, for example, environmental or unidentified tax liabilities related to periods prior to the disposition. Because of the uncertain nature of the indemnities, the maximum liability cannot be quantified. As such, contingent liabilities are recorded when they are both probable and reasonably estimable. Historically, payments under indemnity arrangements have been inconsequential.
At September 30, 2022, there were no known contingent liabilities (including guarantees, pending litigation, taxes and other claims) that management believes will be material in relation to the Company's financial statements, nor were there any material commitments outside the normal course of business.
(14) INCOME TAXES
Pretax earnings consist of the following:
2020 2021 2022
United States $ 1,360 1,491 2,684
Non-U.S. 975 1,421 1,401
Total pretax earnings $ 2,335 2,912 4,085
The principal components of income tax expense follow:
2020 2021 2022
Current:
U.S. federal $ 123 152 511
State and local 15 26 60
Non-U.S. 288 355 400
Deferred:
U.S. federal (44) 81 (101)
State and local 1 (2) (13)
Non-U.S. (38) (27) (2)
Income tax expense $ 345 585 855
Reconciliations of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company's effective tax rate follow.
2020 2021 2022
U.S. federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 %
State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit 0.6 0.7 0.8
Non-U.S. rate differential 1.7 2.0 1.6
Non-U.S. tax holidays (1.1) (0.8) (0.9)
Research and development credits (1.8) (0.6) (0.3)
Foreign derived intangible income (1.2) (1.4) (1.4)
Gain on divestiture - - (1.1)
Russia business exit - - 1.2
Subsidiary restructuring (4.4) (0.5) (0.3)
Other - (0.3) 0.3
Effective income tax rate 14.8 % 20.1 % 20.9 %
The tax rates for 2022, 2021 and 2020 include benefits from restructuring subsidiaries of $11, $13 and $103, respectively. The impact on the 2022 tax rate from the gain on divestiture of the Therm-O-Disc business and the Russia business exit in 2022 essentially offset. The lower rate in 2020 included the impact of a research and development tax credit study.
The Company has elected to recognize the tax on global intangible low-taxed income earned by certain of its non-U.S. subsidiaries as a period expense when it is incurred.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and among other things, provides tax relief to businesses. Tax provisions of the CARES Act include the deferral of certain payroll taxes, relief for retaining employees, and other provisions. The Company deferred $73 of certain payroll taxes through the end of calendar year 2020, of which approximately $37 was paid in December 2021 with the remaining amount due in December 2022.
Non-U.S. tax holidays reduce tax rates in certain jurisdictions. Approximately half of the tax holidays expired by September 2022, with the remaining expiring over the next 8 years.
Following are changes in unrecognized tax benefits before considering recoverability of any cross-jurisdictional tax credits (U.S. federal, state and non-U.S.) and temporary differences. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits is not expected to change significantly in the next 12 months.
2021 2022
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning $ 195 219
Additions for current year tax positions 27 25
Additions for prior year tax positions 17 9
Reductions for prior year tax positions (6) (65)
Acquisitions and divestitures 1 1
Reductions for settlements with tax authorities (5) -
Reductions for expiration of statutes of limitations (10) (11)
Unrecognized tax benefits, ending $ 219 178
If none of the unrecognized tax benefits shown is ultimately paid, the tax provision and the calculation of the effective tax rate would be favorably impacted by $151, which is net of cross-jurisdictional tax credits and temporary differences. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense. Total expense (income) recognized was $(6), $(4) and $1 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, total accrued interest and penalties were $24 and $24, respectively.
The U.S. is the major jurisdiction for which the Company files income tax returns. Examinations for U.S. federal are complete through 2017, except for 2014. The status of state and non-U.S. tax examinations varies due to the numerous legal entities and jurisdictions in which the Company operates.
The principal items that gave rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities follow:
2021 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses, capital losses and tax credits $ 316 212
Accrued liabilities 216 217
Postretirement and postemployment benefits 29 21
Employee compensation and benefits 149 125
Other 128 135
Total $ 838 710
Valuation allowances $ (236) (174)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles $ (787) (1,633)
Pensions (107) (119)
Property, plant and equipment (212) (208)
Undistributed non-U.S. earnings (38) (37)
Other (54) (160)
Total $ (1,198) (2,157)
Net deferred income tax liability $ (596) (1,621)
Total income taxes paid were approximately $720, $680 and $400 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the $212 of net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely, while most of the remainder expire over the next 10 years.
(15) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company's stock-based compensation plans include performance shares, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock options. Although the Company has discretion, shares distributed under these plans are issued from treasury stock.
In fiscal 2022, the Company changed the terms of its annual performance share awards that were issued in the first quarter. The new terms meet the criteria for equity classification in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, and therefore expense will be recognized on a fixed basis over the three-year performance period. The terms of the performance share awards issued in fiscal 2020 and 2021 are unchanged and therefore continue to be accounted for as liability awards and marked-to-market each period based on changes in the stock price.
AspenTech also has stock-based compensation plans that are settled in its own stock. These plans consist of restricted stock units and stock options.
Total compensation expense and income tax benefits for Emerson and AspenTech stock options and incentive shares follows.
2020 2021 2022
Performance shares $ 98 203 89
Restricted stock and restricted stock units 11 21 23
Stock options 1 - -
AspenTech stock-based compensation plans - - 32
Total stock compensation expense $ 110 224 144
Income tax benefits recognized $ 18 27 19
As of September 30, 2022, total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested shares awarded under Emerson plans was $153, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years, while the total future unrecognized compensation cost related to AspenTech stock options and RSUs was $41 and $97, respectively, which is expected to be recorded over a weighted average period of 2.1 years and 1.8 years, respectively.
Emerson Performance Shares, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
The Company's incentive shares plans include performance shares awards which distribute the value of common stock to key management employees at the conclusion of a three-year period subject to certain operating performance conditions and other terms and restrictions. The form of distribution is primarily shares of common stock, with a portion in cash in the first quarter following the end of the applicable three-year performance period. Dividend equivalents are only paid on earned awards after the performance period has concluded. Compensation expense for performance shares is recognized over the service period based on the number of shares ultimately expected to be earned.
Information related to performance share payouts for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 follows (shares in thousands):
2021 2022
Performance period 2018 - 2020 2019 - 2021
Percent payout 100 % 101 %
Total shares earned 1,535 1,341
Shares distributed in cash, primarily for tax withholding 672 586
As of September 30, 2022, approximately 1,469,000 shares awarded primarily in 2020 were outstanding, contingent on the Company achieving its performance objectives through 2022. The objectives for these shares were met at the 106 percent level and the shares will be distributed in early fiscal 2023.
Additionally, the rights to receive approximately 1,057,000 and 1,481,000 common shares awarded in 2022 and 2021, respectively, are outstanding and contingent upon the Company achieving its performance objectives through 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Incentive shares plans also include restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. Restricted stock awards involve distribution of common stock to key management employees subject to cliff vesting at the end of service periods ranging from three to ten years while restricted stock units granted to employees cliff vest at the end of a three-year period. The fair value of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units is determined based on the average of the high and low market prices of the Company's common stock on the date of grant, with compensation expense recognized ratably over the applicable vesting period. In 2022, approximately 116,000 shares of restricted stock vested as a result of participants fulfilling the applicable service requirements. Consequently, approximately 76,000 shares were issued while 40,000 shares were withheld for income taxes in accordance with minimum withholding requirements. As of September 30, 2022, there were approximately 1,272,000 shares of unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding.
In addition to the employee stock option and incentive shares plans, in 2022 the Company awarded approximately 19,000 shares of restricted stock under the restricted stock plan for non-management directors. As of September 30, 2022, approximately 79,000 shares were available for issuance under this plan.
As of September 30, 2022, 3.8 million shares remained available for award under incentive shares plans.
Changes in shares outstanding but not yet earned under incentive shares plans during the year ended September 30, 2022 follow (shares in thousands; assumes 100 percent payout of unvested awards):
Shares Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share
Beginning of year 5,641 $ 70.22
Granted 1,451 $ 95.54
Earned/vested (1,614) $ 67.65
Canceled (198) $ 79.08
End of year 5,280 $ 77.58
Information related to Emerson incentive shares plans follows:
2020 2021 2022
Total fair value of shares earned/vested $ 164 131 158
Share awards distributed in cash, primarily for tax withholding $ 81 58 69
Emerson Stock Options
There were no stock option grants in 2022, 2021 and 2020. The Company's stock option plans expired in fiscal year 2021. Previously awarded stock options allow key officers and employees to purchase common stock at specified prices, which are equal to 100 percent of the closing market price of the Company's stock on the date of grant. Options generally vest one-third in each of the three years subsequent to grant and expire 10 years from the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period based on the number of options expected to vest.
Changes in shares subject to options during the year ended September 30, 2022 follow (shares in thousands):
Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share Shares Total
Intrinsic Value of Shares Average Remaining Life (Years)
Beginning of year $ 57.96 2,017
Options granted $ - -
Options exercised $ 57.21 (315)
Options canceled $ 57.98 (10)
End of year $ 58.10 1,692 $ 27 2.2
Exercisable at end of year $ 58.10 1,692 $ 27 2.2
Information related to Emerson stock options follows:
2020 2021 2022
Cash received for option exercises $ 126 114 15
Intrinsic value of options exercised $ 47 53 11
Tax benefits related to option exercises $ 8 6 7
AspenTech Stock-Based Compensation
As discussed in Note 4, Emerson completed the acquisition of Heritage AspenTech in the third quarter of fiscal 2022. AspenTech, as defined in Note 4, operates as a separate publicly traded company and has various stock-based compensation plans, including stock options and restricted stock units, which are settled in their own common stock and are accounted for as equity awards. Restricted stock units generally vest over four years. Option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market closing price of AspenTech's stock on the trading day prior to the grant date. These options generally vest over 4 years and expire within 7 years or 10 years of grant. AspenTech's policy is to issue new shares upon the exercise of vested stock awards.
Pursuant to the terms of the transaction agreement between Emerson and Heritage AspenTech, each outstanding option to purchase shares of Heritage AspenTech common stock, whether vested or unvested, that was unexercised as of immediately prior to the closing date was converted into an option to acquire shares of AspenTech. Each converted option is subject to the same terms and conditions as applied to the original option. In addition, each outstanding award of restricted stock units with respect to shares of Heritage AspenTech common stock that were unvested as of immediately prior to the closing date was converted into an award of restricted stock units with respect to shares of AspenTech. Each converted restricted stock unit is also subject to the same terms and conditions as applied to the original restricted stock unit.
ASC 805 required the Company to determine the fair value of the AspenTech share-based payment awards related to the replacement of the Heritage AspenTech share-based payment awards, and allocate the total fair value based on the services that are attributable to the pre- and post-combination service periods, respectively. The portion that is attributable to the pre-combination service period was considered part of the consideration transferred for Heritage AspenTech and included as part of the purchase price. The portion that is attributable to the post-combination service period is recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the post-combination consolidated financial statements over the remaining requisite service period.
AspenTech Stock Options
AspenTech utilizes the Black-Scholes option valuation model for estimating the fair value of options granted. The Black-Scholes option valuation model incorporates assumptions regarding expected stock price volatility, the expected life of the option, the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the market value of AspenTech's common stock. The expected stock price volatility is determined based on AspenTech's stock’s historic prices over a period commensurate with the expected life of the award. The expected life of an option represents the period for which options are expected to be outstanding as determined by historic option exercises and cancellations. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve for notes with terms approximating the expected life of the options granted. The expected dividend yield is zero, based on AspenTech's history and expectation of not paying dividends on common shares. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis, net of forfeitures as they occur, over the requisite service period for time-vested awards.
The weighted-average assumptions used in valuations for 2022 are: risk-free interest rate, 3.0 percent; dividend yield, none; expected volatility, 36.6 percent; and expected life, approximately 5.1 years.
A summary of AspenTech stock option activity in fiscal 2022 is as follows (shares in thousands):
Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share Shares Total
Intrinsic Value of Shares Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Beginning of year $ - -
Issuance of replacement awards $ 101.44 1,165
Issuance of non-replacement awards $ 204.27 238
Exercised $ 108.96 (137)
Canceled/Forfeited $ 149.16 (10)
End of year $ 131.26 1,256 $ 134 7.0
Exercisable at end of year $ 101.76 727 $ 99 5.6
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2022
$ 131.20 1,252 $ 134 7.0
The weighted average estimated fair value of option awards granted during fiscal 2022 was $72.26. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2022 was $13. Cash proceeds of $14 from issuances of shares of AspenTech common stock were received during fiscal 2022.
AspenTech Restricted Stock Units
A summary of AspenTech restricted stock unit activity in fiscal 2022 is as follows (shares in thousands):
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Shares
Beginning of year $ - -
Issuance of replacement awards $ 166.30 454
Issuance of non-replacement awards $ 202.39 288
Settled $ 190.07 (136)
Canceled/forfeited $ 188.48 (17)
End of year $ 193.82 589
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2022
$ 177.58 556
During fiscal 2022, the total fair value of vested shares from AspenTech RSU grants amounted to $34. Withholding taxes of $5 were paid on vested RSUs during fiscal 2022.
At September 30, 2022, common stock reserved for future issuance under all AspenTech equity compensation plans was 4.1 million shares.
(16) COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK
At September 30, 2022, 11.7 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Company's stock-based compensation plans. During 2022, 5.7 million common shares were purchased and 1.3 million treasury shares were reissued. In 2021, 5.3 million common shares were purchased and 3.1 million treasury shares were reissued.
At September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company had 5.4 million shares of $2.50 par value preferred stock authorized, with none issued.
(17) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Activity in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is shown below, net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation 2020 2021 2022
Beginning balance $ (794) (711) (629)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $29, $(5) and $(62), respectively
83 82 (636)
Ending balance (711) (629) (1,265)
Pension and postretirement
Beginning balance (928) (864) (259)
Actuarial gains (losses) deferred during the period, net of taxes of $15, $(150)
and $10, respectively
(49) 499 (33)
Amortization of deferred actuarial losses into earnings, net of taxes of $(34), $(34)
and $(21), respectively
113 106 70
Ending balance (864) (259) (222)
Cash flow hedges
Beginning balance - (2) 16
Gains (Losses) deferred during the period, net of taxes of $2, $(15) and $(6),
respectively
(9) 51 18
Reclassifications of realized (gains) losses to sales and cost of sales, net of taxes
of $(2), $11 and $10, respectively
7 (33) (32)
Ending balance (2) 16 2
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ (1,577) (872) (1,485)
(18) BUSINESS SEGMENTS INFORMATION
The Company designs and manufactures products and delivers services that bring technology and engineering together to provide innovative solutions for customers in a wide range of industrial, commercial and consumer markets around the world.
As a result of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, the Company identified one additional segment in fiscal 2022. The new segment reflects the combined results of Heritage AspenTech and the Emerson Industrial Software Business (see Note 4 for further details). The results for this new segment include the historical results of the Emerson Industrial Software Business (which were previously reported in the Automation Solutions segment), while results related to the Heritage AspenTech business only include periods subsequent to the close of the transaction on May 16, 2022. Prior year amounts for the Automation Solutions segment have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
The Company now reports four segments: Automation Solutions, AspenTech; and Climate Technologies and Tools & Home Products, which together comprise the Commercial & Residential Solutions business.
The Automation Solutions segment enables process, hybrid and discrete manufacturers to maximize production, protect personnel and the environment, reduce project costs, and optimize their energy efficiency and operating costs through a broad offering of integrated solutions, software, services and products, including measurement and analytical instrumentation, industrial valves and equipment, and process control software and systems. Markets served include oil and gas, refining, chemicals, power generation, life sciences, food and beverage, automotive, pulp and paper, metals and mining, and municipal water supplies. The segment's major product offerings are described below.
•Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation products measure the physical properties of liquids or gases in a process stream and communicate this information to a process control system or other software applications, and analyze the chemical composition of process fluids and emissions to enhance quality and efficiency, as well as environmental compliance.
•Valves, Actuators & Regulators consists of control, isolation and pressure relief valves which respond to commands from a control system to continuously and precisely modulate the flow of process fluids and gases, smart actuation and control technologies, pressure management products, and industrial and residential regulators that reduce the pressure of fluids and gases moving from high-pressure supply lines into lower pressure systems.
•Industrial Solutions provides fluid control and pneumatic mechanisms, electrical distribution equipment, and materials joining and precision cleaning products which are used in a variety of manufacturing operations to provide integrated solutions to customers.
•Systems & Software provides a digital ecosystem that controls plant processes by communicating with and adjusting the "intelligent" plant devices described above to provide precision measurement, control, monitoring, asset optimization, and plant safety and reliability for plants that produce power, or process fluids or other items.
The AspenTech segment provides asset optimization software that enables industrial manufacturers to design, operate, and maintain their operations for maximum performance through a combination of decades of modeling, simulation, and optimization capabilities with industrial operations expertise and apply advanced analytics to improve the profitability and sustainability of production assets.
The Commercial & Residential Solutions business consists of the Climate Technologies and Tools & Home Products segments. This business provides products and solutions that promote energy efficiency and sustainability, enhance household and commercial comfort, and protect food quality and sustainability through heating, air conditioning and refrigeration technology, as well as a broad range of mechanical, electrical, utility and do-it-yourself tools that promote safety and productivity.
The Climate Technologies segment provides products, services and solutions for all areas of the climate control industry, including residential heating and cooling, commercial air conditioning, commercial and industrial refrigeration, and cold chain management. Products include compressors, temperature sensors and controls, thermostats, flow controls, and stationary and mobile remote monitoring technologies and services that enable homeowners and businesses to better manage their heating, air conditioning and refrigeration systems for improved control and comfort, and lower energy costs.
The Tools & Home Products segment offers tools for professionals and homeowners that promote safety and productivity. Products include professional pipe-working tools, electrical and utility tools, and wet-dry vacuums.
The principal distribution method for each segment is direct sales forces, although the Company also uses independent sales representatives and distributors. Due to its global presence, certain of the Company's international operations are subject to risks including the stability of governments and business conditions in foreign countries which could result in adverse changes in exchange rates, changes in regulations or disruption of operations.
The primary income measure used for assessing segment performance and making operating decisions is earnings before interest and income taxes. Certain expenses are reported at Corporate, including stock compensation expense and a portion of pension and postretirement benefit costs. Corporate and other includes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition/divestiture costs, first year acquisition accounting charges (which include fair value adjustments related to inventory, backlog and deferred revenue) and other items. Corporate assets are primarily comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments and certain fixed assets. Summarized below is information about the Company's operations by business segment and by geography.
Business Segments
Sales Earnings (Loss) Total Assets
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Automation Solutions $ 11,026 11,292 11,758 $ 1,539 1,955 2,356 $ 13,704 13,734 13,184
AspenTech 131 319 656 (16) (7) 12 546 2,089 14,484
Climate Technologies 3,980 4,748 5,200 801 965 1,038 3,065 3,269 3,209
Tools & Home Products 1,663 1,905 2,033 317 399 402 1,491 1,598 1,486
Commercial & Residential Solutions 5,643 6,653 7,233 1,118 1,364 1,440 4,556 4,867 4,695
Corporate items:
Stock compensation (110) (224) (144)
Unallocated pension and postretirement costs 53 94 99
Corporate and other (93) (116) (424) 4,076 4,025 3,309
Gain on subordinated interest - - 453
Gain on sale of business - - 486
Eliminations/Interest (15) (28) (18) (156) (154) (193)
Total $ 16,785 18,236 19,629 $ 2,335 2,912 4,085 $ 22,882 24,715 35,672
In fiscal 2022, Corporate and other includes a loss of $181 related to the Company's exit of business operations in Russia and acquisition/divestiture costs of $110.
Automation Solutions sales by major product offering are summarized below.
2020 2021 2022
Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation $ 3,108 3,071 3,206
Valves, Actuators & Regulators 3,589 3,483 3,604
Industrial Solutions 2,012 2,266 2,403
Systems & Software 2,317 2,472 2,545
Total $ 11,026 11,292 11,758
Depreciation
and Amortization Capital
Expenditures
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Automation Solutions $ 530 537 514 $ 306 319 248
AspenTech 27 95 242 2 6 4
Climate Technologies 184 191 177 158 143 206
Tools & Home Products 77 76 71 58 94 52
Commercial & Residential Solutions 261 267 248 216 237 258
Corporate and other 36 70 35 14 19 21
Total $ 854 969 1,039 $ 538 581 531
Depreciation and amortization includes intellectual property, customer relationships and capitalized software.
Geographic Information
Sales by major geographic destination are summarized below:
Automation Solutions AspenTech
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Americas $ 5,004 4,901 5,548 $ 40 200 362
Asia, Middle East & Africa 3,761 3,986 4,049 42 60 140
Europe 2,261 2,405 2,161 49 59 154
Total $ 11,026 11,292 11,758 $ 131 319 656
Commercial & Residential Solutions Total
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
Americas $ 3,896 4,513 5,106 $ 8,940 9,614 11,016
Asia, Middle East & Africa 1,053 1,277 1,267 4,856 5,323 5,456
Europe 694 863 860 3,004 3,327 3,175
Total $ 5,643 6,653 7,233 $ 16,800 18,264 19,647
Sales in the U.S. were $9,084, $7,952 and $7,420 for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, while Asia, Middle East & Africa includes sales in China of $2,331, $2,252 and $1,845 in those years.
Property, Plant and Equipment
2020 2021 2022
Americas $ 2,345 2,375 2,255
Asia, Middle East & Africa 679 678 576
Europe 664 685 530
Total $ 3,688 3,738 3,361
Property, plant and equipment located in the U.S. was $2,006 in 2022, $2,141 in 2021 and $2,124 in 2020.
(19) OTHER FINANCIAL DATA
Items reported in earnings during the years ended September 30 included the following:
2020 2021 2022
Research and development expense $ 439 485 526
Rent expense $ 239 228 215
The components of depreciation and amortization expense reported for the years ended September 30 included the following:
2020 2021 2022
Depreciation expense $ 485 499 476
Amortization of intangibles (includes $17, $57 and $108 reported in Cost of Sales in
2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively) (a)
256 357 465
Amortization of capitalized software 113 113 98
Total $ 854 969 1,039
(a) Amortization of intangibles includes $148 related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition for the year ended September 30, 2022 and backlog amortization of $30 related to the OSI acquisition for the year ended September 30, 2021. For the year ended September 30, 2022, $14 of amortization of intangibles included in the table above is reported as a restructuring related cost.
Items reported in other noncurrent assets included the following:
2021 2022
Pension assets $ 1,015 881
Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 558 489
Unbilled receivables (contract assets) $ - 428
Deferred income taxes $ 115 99
Asbestos-related insurance receivables $ 95 85
Items reported in accrued expenses included the following:
2021 2022
Customer advances (contract liabilities) $ 730 853
Employee compensation $ 690 597
Operating lease liabilities (current) $ 155 144
Product warranty $ 146 122
Other liabilities are summarized as follows:
2021 2022
Deferred income taxes $ 711 1,720
Pension and postretirement liabilities 676 467
Operating lease liabilities (noncurrent) 413 348
Asbestos litigation 256 223
Other 697 562
Total $ 2,753 3,320
(20) QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Full Year
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
Net sales $ 4,161 4,473 4,431 4,791 4,697 5,005 4,947 5,360 18,236 19,629
Gross profit $ 1,723 1,822 1,862 1,952 1,982 2,097 1,996 2,317 7,563 8,188
Net earnings common stockholders $ 445 896 561 674 627 921 670 740 2,303 3,231
Net earnings per common share:
Basic $ 0.74 1.51 0.94 1.13 1.05 1.55 1.12 1.25 3.85 5.44
Diluted $ 0.74 1.50 0.93 1.13 1.04 1.54 1.11 1.24 3.82 5.41
Dividends per common share $ 0.505 0.515 0.505 0.515 0.505 0.515 0.505 0.515 2.02 2.06
Earnings per share are computed independently each period; as a result, the quarterly amounts may not sum to the calculated annual figure.
Emerson Electric Co. common stock (symbol EMR) is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and NYSE Chicago.
(21) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In October 2022, the Board of Directors approved and the Company announced an agreement to sell a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business (which constitutes the Climate Technologies segment, excluding Therm-O-Disc which was divested earlier in fiscal 2022) to private equity funds managed by Blackstone ("Blackstone") in a transaction valued at $14.0 billion. Emerson will receive upfront, pre-tax cash proceeds of approximately $9.5 billion and a note of $2.25 billion at close (which will accrue 5 percent interest payable in kind by capitalizing interest), while retaining a 45 percent non-controlling common equity ownership interest in a new standalone joint venture between Emerson and Blackstone. The Climate Technologies business, which includes the Copeland compressor business and the entire portfolio of products and services across all residential and commercial HVAC and refrigeration end-markets, had fiscal 2022 net sales of approximately $5.0 billion and pretax earnings of $1.0 billion. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of calendar year 2023, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.
On October 31, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its InSinkErator business, which manufactures food waste disposers, to Whirlpool Corporation for $3.0 billion. This business had net sales of $630 and pretax earnings of $152 for fiscal 2022 and is reported in the Tools & Home Products segment. The agreement was announced in August 2022 and the assets and liabilities of InSinkErator were classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2022 and are included in other current assets, other assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Emerson Electric Co.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Emerson Electric Co. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2022 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
The Company acquired Aspen Technology, Inc. during 2022, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2022, Aspen Technology, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting representing 36 percent of total assets and 2 percent of total revenues included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended September 30, 2022. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Aspen Technology, Inc.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Sufficiency of Audit Evidence over Net Sales
As discussed in Notes 1, 2 and 18 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and disclosed in the consolidated statement of earnings, the Company recorded $19.6 billion of net sales in 2022.
We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over net sales as a critical audit matter. Net sales are recognized primarily from the sale of tangible products from hundreds of Company locations around the world. Evaluating the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained required especially subjective auditor judgment because of the geographical dispersion of the Company’s net sales generating activities. This included determining the Company locations at which procedures were performed and the supervision and review of procedures performed at those locations.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over net sales, including the determination of the Company locations at which those procedures were to be performed. At each Company location where procedures were performed, we:
•Evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s net sales processes, including the Company’s controls over the accurate recording of amounts.
•Assessed the recorded net sales by selecting a sample of transactions and compared the amounts recognized for consistency with underlying documentation, including contracts with customers and shipping documentation.
Evaluation of the Acquisition Date Fair Value of Certain Acquired Intangible Assets
As discussed in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, on May 16, 2022, the Company consummated a business combination for total consideration of $11.2 billion. In connection with the business combination, the Company recorded various intangible assets, which included customer relationship and developed technology intangible assets with an acquisition date fair value of $2.3 billion and $1.35 billion, respectively.
We identified the evaluation of the acquisition date fair value of the customer relationship and developed technology intangible assets as a critical audit matter. A high degree of subjective and complex auditor judgment was required to evaluate key assumptions used to value these acquired intangible assets. Specifically, key assumptions included projected revenue for the customer relationship intangible asset and
projected revenue and obsolescence rates for the developed technology intangible asset. Changes to these assumptions could have had a significant impact on the fair value of such assets. In addition, valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge were needed to assist in the evaluation of the obsolescence rates.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s business combinations process, including controls related to the development of the projected revenue and obsolescence rate assumptions used in the Company’s valuations. We evaluated the projected revenue used by the Company by (1) comparing to historical results of the acquired entity and publicly available information for peer companies and (2) inquiring of individuals outside of the accounting function about projected revenue and the process used to develop them. In addition, we compared the acquiree’s historical projected revenue to actual revenue to evaluate the Company’s ability to forecast. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in evaluating the obsolescence rates by comparing them to certain comparable companies.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We or our predecessor firms have served as the Company’s auditor since 1938.
St. Louis, Missouri
November 14, 2022

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants
ITEM 9 - CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
ITEM 9A - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures which is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s certifying officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on an evaluation performed, the Company's certifying officers have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022 to provide reasonable assurance of achieving these objectives.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries to report material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company's reports. There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting, and the related report of the Company’s auditor, KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, set forth in Item 7 and Item 8, respectively, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 9B. Other Information
ITEM 9B - OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C - DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
ITEM 10 - DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information regarding nominees and directors appearing under "Proxy Item No. 1: Election of Directors" in the Emerson Electric Co. Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Proxy Statement for the February 2023 annual shareholders' meeting (the "2023 Proxy Statement") is hereby incorporated by reference. Information regarding executive officers is set forth in Part I of this report. Information regarding the Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert appearing under "Board and Committee Operations-Board and Corporate Governance- Committees of Our Board of Directors," "Board and Committee Operations-Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee-Nomination Process" and "- Proxy Access" in the 2023 Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated by reference.
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer; has posted such Code of Ethics on its website; and intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K by posting such information on its website. The Company has adopted Charters for its Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and a Code of Business Ethics for directors, officers and employees, which are available on its website and in print to any stockholder who requests them. The Company has also adopted Corporate Governance Principles and Practices, which are available on its website and in print to any stockholder who requests them. The Corporate Governance section of the Company's website may be accessed as follows: www.Emerson.com, Investors, Corporate Governance.

Item 11. Executive Compensation
ITEM 11 - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information appearing under “Executive Compensation" (including the information set forth under "Compensation Discussion and Analysis"), "Compensation Tables," "Board and Committee Operations-Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee-Director Compensation," "Board and Committee Operations-Compensation Committee" (including, but not limited to, the information set forth under "Role of Executive Officers and the Compensation Consultant," "Compensation Committee Report" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation") in the 2023 Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated by reference.
The information contained in the "Compensation Committee Report” shall not be deemed to be filed with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates such information into future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
ITEM 12 - SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information regarding beneficial ownership of shares by nominees and continuing directors, named executive officers, five percent beneficial owners, and by all directors and executive officers as a group appearing under "Ownership of Emerson Equity Securities" in the 2023 Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated by reference.
The following table sets forth aggregate information regarding the Company’s equity compensation plans as of September 30, 2022:
Number of Securities
to be Issued upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding
Options, Warrants
and Rights Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance under
Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities Reflected in Column (a))
Plan Category (a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans
approved by security holders (1) 7,866,000 $58.10 3,837,000
Equity compensation plans not
approved by security holders - - -
Total 7,866,000 $58.10 3,837,000
(1)Includes the Stock Option and Incentive Shares Plans previously approved by the Company's security holders. Shares included in column (a) assume the maximum payouts, where applicable, and are as follows: (i) 1,692,000 shares reserved for outstanding stock option awards, (ii) 1,533,000 shares reserved for performance share awards granted in 2022, (iii) 2,148,000 shares reserved for performance share awards granted in 2021, (iv) 1,836,000 shares reserved for performance share awards granted in 2020 and (v) 657,000 shares reserved for outstanding restricted stock unit awards. As provided by the Company’s Incentive Shares Plans, performance shares awards represent a commitment to issue such shares without cash payment by the employee, contingent upon achievement of the performance objectives and continued service by the employee.
The price in column (b) represents the weighted-average exercise price for outstanding options. Included in column (c) are shares remaining available for award under previously approved plans as follows: (i) 2,928,000 under the 2015 Incentive Shares Plan, (ii) 830,000 under the 2006 Incentive Shares Plan, and (iii) 79,000 under the Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors.
Information regarding stock option plans and incentive shares plans is set forth in Note 15.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
ITEM 13 - CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information appearing under “Board and Committee Operations-Board and Corporate Governance-Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons," "-Certain Business Relationships and Related
Party Transactions" and "-Director Independence" in the 2023 Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
ITEM 14 - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information appearing under "Board and Committee Operations-Audit Committee-Fees Paid to KPMG LLP" in the 2023 Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated by reference.
PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
ITEM 15 - EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
A) Documents filed as a part of this report:
1. The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of the Company and subsidiaries and the report thereon of KPMG LLP set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statement Schedules - All schedules are omitted because they are not required, not applicable or the required information is provided in the financial statements or notes thereto contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3. Exhibits (Listed by numbers corresponding to the Exhibit Table of Item 601 in Regulation S-K).
2(a)** Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 10, 2021, among Emerson Electric Co., Aspen Technology, Inc., EMR Worldwide, Inc., Emersub CX, Inc. and Emersub CXI, Inc., incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 12, 2021, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 2.1.
2(b) Amendment No. 1 to the Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 23, 2022, among Emerson Electric Co., Aspen Technology, Inc., EMR Worldwide Inc., Emersub CX, Inc. and Emersub CXI, Inc., incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, filed on May 4, 2022, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 2(b).
2(c)** Amendment No. 2 to the Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 3, 2022, among Emerson Electric Co., Aspen Technology, Inc., EMR Worldwide Inc., Emersub CX, Inc. and Emersub CXI, Inc., incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, filed on May 4, 2022, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 2(c).
2(d)** Transaction Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2022, among Emerson Electric Co., BCP Emerald Aggregator L.P., Emerald Debt Merger Sub L.L.C and Emerald JV Holdings L.P, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K, filed on October 31, 2022, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 2.1.
3(a) Restated Articles of Incorporation of Emerson Electric Co., incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 3(a); Termination of Designated Shares of Stock and Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 1998 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 3(a).
3(b) Bylaws of Emerson Electric Co., as amended through May 4, 2021, incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K dated May 4, 2021, filed on May 4, 2021, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 3.1.
4(a) Indenture dated as of December 10, 1998, between Emerson Electric Co. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as successor trustee to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (successor to The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly known as the Bank of New York)), as trustee, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 1998 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 4(b), ***Form of 2.000% Notes due 2028, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K, filed on December 21, 2021, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 4.2, ***Form of 2.200% Notes due 2031, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K, filed on December 21, 2021, File No.
1-278, Exhibit 4.3, ***Form of 2.800% Notes due 2051, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K, filed on December 21, 2021, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 4.4.
4(b) Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance dated as of April 26, 2019 by and among Emerson Electric Co., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as successor trustee, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as resigning trustee, incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K dated May 15, 2019, filed on May 17, 2019, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 4.4.
4(c) Description of Capital Stock incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co., 2020 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 4(c).
4(d) Description of 0.375% Notes due 2024, 1.250% Notes due 2025 and 2.000% Notes due 2029, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co., 2019 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 4(d).
No other long-term debt instruments are filed since the total amount of securities authorized under any such instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of Emerson Electric Co. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Emerson Electric Co. agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the SEC upon request.
10(a)* Amended and Restated Emerson Electric Co. Continuing Compensation Plan for Non-Management Directors, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(c).
10(b)* Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors and Forms of Payment Election Form, Initial Notice of Election and Notice of Election Change, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(d).
10(c)* First Amendment to the Emerson Electric Co. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 1999 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(h), and Form of Change of Control Election, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K dated October 1, 2004, Exhibit 10.9 (applicable only with respect to benefits vested as of December 31, 2004).
10(d)* Amended and Restated Emerson Electric Co. Pension Restoration Plan dated October 6, 2015, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2015 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(e); Forms of Participation Award Letter, Acceptance of Award and Benefit Election Forms (applicable only with respect to benefits after January 1, 2005), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(f); and Lump Sum Distribution Election Forms.
10(e)* Fifth Amendment to the Supplemental Executive Savings Investment Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(j), and Form of Participation Agreement and Form of Annual Election, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K filed October 1, 2004, Exhibit 10.8 (applicable only with respect to benefits vested as of December 31, 2004).
10(f)* Amended and Restated Emerson Electric Co. Savings Investment Restoration Plan and Forms of Participation Agreement, Annual Election Form and Payment Election Form (applicable only with respect to benefits after January 1, 2005), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(h), First Amendment to Emerson Electric Co. Savings Investment Restoration Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1 and Second Amendment to the Emerson Electric Co. Savings Investment Restoration Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co., Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.2.
10(g)* Amended and Restated Emerson Electric Co. Annual Incentive Plan and Form of Acceptance of Award, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(i).
10(h)* Emerson Electric Co. Description of Split Dollar Life Insurance Program Transition, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K filed September 2, 2005, Exhibit 10.1.
10(i)* Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1, Form of Restricted Stock Award Letter under the Emerson Electric Co. Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 8-K filed February 1, 2005, Exhibit 10.2, and Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Letter under the Emerson Electric Co. Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1.
10(j)* Description of Non-Management Director Compensation, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-K filed November 20, 2017, Exhibit 10(n).
10(k)* Description of Named Executive Officer Compensation, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-K filed November 20, 2017, Exhibit 10(o).
10(l)* Emerson Electric Co. 2006 Incentive Shares Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2006 Proxy Statement dated December 16, 2005, Appendix C, Amendment for 409A Compliance, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(q), Forms of Performance Shares Award Certificate and Acceptance of Award (used on or prior to September 30, 2009) and Restricted Shares Award Agreement (used on or prior to September 30, 2011), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2007 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(q), Amendment to Emerson Electric Co. 2006 Incentive Shares Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1, Forms of Performance Shares Award Certificate, Acceptance of Award and 2010 Performance Shares Program Award Summary, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 (used after September 30, 2009 and on or prior to September 30, 2011), File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.2, Forms of Performance Shares Award Certificate and Acceptance of Award, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.3 (used after September 30, 2011), and Form of Restricted Shares Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.4 (used after September 30, 2011).
10(m) Credit Agreement dated as of May 23, 2018, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co, Form 8-K dated May 23, 2018 and filed May 29, 2018, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1, Suspension of Rights Agreement dated October 12, 2021 between Emerson Electric Co. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Agent, under the Credit Agreement dated as of May 23, 2018 (as amended or otherwise modified from time to time), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2021, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1.
10(n)* 2011 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2011 Proxy Statement dated December 10, 2010, File No. 1-278, Appendix B, 2011 Stock Option Plan as Amended and Restated effective October 1, 2012, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2012 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(r), Forms of Notice of Grant of Stock Options, Option Agreement and Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1 and Forms of Notice of Grant of Stock Options, Option Agreement and Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.2.
10(o)* Emerson Electric Co. 2015 Incentive Shares Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2015 Proxy Statement dated December 12, 2014, Appendix B, Forms of Performance Shares Award Certificate and Acceptance of Award (used on or prior to November 5, 2018), Performance Shares Program Award Summary (used on or prior to November 5, 2018) and Form of Restricted Shares Award Agreement (used on or prior to November 5, 2018), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2015 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(u), Form of Restricted Shares
Award Agreement (used after November 5, 2018), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.1, Form of Restricted Stock Units Program Acceptance of Award (used after November 5, 2018), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.2 and Form of Performance Share Program Acceptance of Award (used after November 5, 2018), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.3., Form of Emerson Electric Co. Performance Shares Program Award Agreement (used after November 1, 2021), incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2021, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.2
10(p) Transaction Agreement dated as of July 29, 2016 among Emerson Electric Co., Cortes NP Holdings, LLC, Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation, ASCO Power Grp, LLC and Cortes NP JV Holdings, LLC, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co. 2016 Form 10-K, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(w).
10(q)* Emerson Electric Co. Savings Investment Restoration Plan II, incorporated by reference to the Emerson Electric Co. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1, Second Amendment to the Emerson Electric Co. Savings Investment Restoration Plan, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co., Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.2 and First Amendment to the Emerson Electric Co. Savings Investment Restoration Plan II, incorporated by reference to Emerson Electric Co., Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1.
21 Subsidiaries of Emerson Electric Co.
23 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24 Power of Attorney
31 Certifications pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)
32 Certifications pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101 Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2021, and 2022 (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2021 and 2022, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended September 30, 2022.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Management contract or compensatory plan.
** Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Emerson agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request. Portions of these exhibits have been redacted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10).
*** The Company entered into two global notes for each series of notes (Notes A-1 and A-2), which are identical other than with respect to the note number
ITEM 16 - Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO.
By /s/ F. J. Dellaquila
F. J. Dellaquila
Senior Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
November 14, 2022
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on November 14, 2022, by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
Signature Title
/s/ S. L. Karsanbhai President and Chief Executive Officer
S. L. Karsanbhai
/s/ F. J. Dellaquila Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
F. J. Dellaquila
/s/ M. J. Baughman Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
M. J. Baughman
* Chair of the Board
J. S. Turley
* Director
M. A. Blinn
* Director
C. A. H. Boersig
* Director
J. B. Bolten
* Director
M. S. Craighead
* Director
W. H. Easter III
* Director
G. A. Flach
* Director
A. F. Golden
* Director
C. Kendle
* Director
L. Lee
* Director
M. S. Levatich
* By /s/ F. J. Dellaquila
F. J. Dellaquila
Attorney-in-Fact